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Eyolfson E, Suesser KRB, Henry H, Bonilla-Del Río I, Grandes P, Mychasiuk R, Christie BR. The effect of traumatic brain injury on learning and memory: A synaptic focus. Neuroscientist 2024:10738584241275583. [PMID: 39316552 DOI: 10.1177/10738584241275583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Deficits in learning and memory are some of the most commonly reported symptoms following a traumatic brain injury (TBI). We will examine whether the neural basis of these deficits stems from alterations to bidirectional synaptic plasticity within the hippocampus. Although the CA1 subregion of the hippocampus has been a focus of TBI research, the dentate gyrus should also be given attention as it exhibits a unique ability for adult neurogenesis, a process highly susceptible to TBI-induced damage. This review examines our current understanding of how TBI results in deficits in synaptic plasticity, as well as how TBI-induced changes in endocannabinoid (eCB) systems may drive these changes. Through the synthesis and amalgamation of existing data, we propose a possible mechanism for eCB-mediated recovery in synaptic plasticity deficits. This hypothesis is based on the plausible roles of CB1 receptors in regulating inhibitory tone, influencing astrocytes and microglia, and modulating glutamate release. Dysregulation of the eCBs may be responsible for deficits in synaptic plasticity and learning following TBI. Taken together, the existing evidence indicates eCBs may contribute to TBI manifestation, pathogenesis, and recovery, but it also suggests there may be a therapeutic role for the eCB system in TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Eyolfson
- Division of Medical Sciences and Institute for Aging and Lifelong Health, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Kirsten R B Suesser
- Division of Medical Sciences and Institute for Aging and Lifelong Health, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Holly Henry
- Division of Medical Sciences and Institute for Aging and Lifelong Health, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Itziar Bonilla-Del Río
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Science Park of the University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | - Pedro Grandes
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Science Park of the University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | - Richelle Mychasiuk
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Brian R Christie
- Division of Medical Sciences and Institute for Aging and Lifelong Health, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Island Medical Program and Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
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Oroszi T, Huiting W, Keijser JN, Nyakas C, van Heuvelen MJG, van der Zee EA. Whole-Body Vibration Affects Hippocampal Choline Acetyltransferase and Synaptophysin Expression and Improves Spatial Memory in Young Adult Mice. J Integr Neurosci 2024; 23:173. [PMID: 39344235 DOI: 10.31083/j.jin2309173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beneficial effects of whole-body vibration (WBV) on brain and musculoskeletal health in mice have been demonstrated, but underlying mechanisms remain relatively unrevealed. WBV improves attention and memory performance in mice, putatively through stimulation of the cholinergic system. Here, we investigated the effects of WBV on the septo-hippocampal cholinergic system. METHODS Young C57BL/6 mice (8 weeks old) were subjected to 10 min WBV/day (mechanical vibration: 30 Hz; ~0.1-μm peak-to-peak displacement), 5X/week for 5 weeks. In Experiment 1, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-immunoreactivity in the septum and hippocampus was analyzed either 2 or 24 h after the last WBV session. Pseudo-WBV-treated mice (same handling procedure as WBV, but no vibrations) served as controls. In Experiment 2, the longitudinal profile of ChAT-immunoreactivity was analyzed in the hippocampus after 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 weeks of WBV. In addition, synaptophysin immunostaining was performed at either 2 and 5 weeks of WBV. Mice housed 1/cage during the entire experiment served as controls. The balance-beam test was used to monitor the functional impact of WBV. In Experiment 3, a Y-maze reference-memory test was performed after 5 weeks of WBV to obtain a functional cognitive outcome measure of WBV. Pseudo-WBV treated mice served as controls. RESULTS In Experiment 1, ChAT-immunoreactivity was significantly enhanced after the last WBV session of the 5-week period. This was found in the septum, Cornu Ammonis 1 (CA1), CA3, and dentate gyrus, and was dependent on layer and time-point (2 or 24 h). Experiment 2 revealed that, ChAT-immunoreactivity was lower after 2 weeks of WBV, whereas it was significantly higher after 5 weeks (similar to in Experiment 1). Immunostaining for synaptophysin, a marker for synaptic density, was also significantly higher after 5 weeks of WBV, but not significantly lower after 2 weeks, as was ChAT. WBV-treated groups performed significantly better than did controls on the balance beam from week 3 onwards. Experiment 3 showed that WBV-treated mice had better spatial-reference memory performance in the Y-maze test than did pseudo-WBV controls. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that WBV stimulates the septo-hippocampal cholinergic system in a gradual and dynamic way that may contribute to improved spatial-memory performance. This finding suggests that WBV, by upregulation of the septo-hippocampal cholinergic system, may be considered a valuable therapeutic strategy to enhance brain functions in aging, neurodegenerative, and other brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Oroszi
- Department of Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Research Center for Molecular Exercise Science, Hungarian University of Sports Science, 1123 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Wouter Huiting
- Department of Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan N Keijser
- Department of Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Csaba Nyakas
- Research Center for Molecular Exercise Science, Hungarian University of Sports Science, 1123 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Morphology and Physiology, Health Science Faculty, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Marieke J G van Heuvelen
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eddy A van der Zee
- Department of Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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Jang MH, Song J. Adenosine and adenosine receptors in metabolic imbalance-related neurological issues. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:116996. [PMID: 38897158 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndromes (e.g., obesity) are characterized by insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, impaired glucose metabolism, and dyslipidemia. Recently, patients with metabolic syndromes have experienced not only metabolic problems but also neuropathological issues, including cognitive impairment. Several studies have reported blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption and insulin resistance in the brain of patients with obesity and diabetes. Adenosine, a purine nucleoside, is known to regulate various cellular responses (e.g., the neuroinflammatory response) by binding with adenosine receptors in the central nervous system (CNS). Adenosine has four known receptors: A1R, A2AR, A2BR, and A3R. These receptors play distinct roles in various physiological and pathological processes in the brain, including endothelial cell homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, microglial activation, lipid metabolism, immune cell infiltration, and synaptic plasticity. Here, we review the recent findings on the role of adenosine receptor-mediated signaling in neuropathological issues related to metabolic imbalance. We highlight the importance of adenosine signaling in the development of therapeutic solutions for neuropathological issues in patients with metabolic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Hyeon Jang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States.
| | - Juhyun Song
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea.
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Raymond J, Morin A, Bradley-Garcia M, Plamondon H. Juvenile/Peripubertal Exposure to Omega-3 and Environmental Enrichment Differentially Affects CORT Secretion and Adulthood Stress Coping, Sociability, and CA3 Glucocorticoid Receptor Expression in Male and Female Rats. Nutrients 2024; 16:2350. [PMID: 39064793 PMCID: PMC11279577 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In adult rats, omega-3 supplementation through fish oil (FO) and environmental enrichment (EE) have shown beneficial effects on cognition and stress regulation. This study assessed sex-specific effects of FO and EE during adolescence, a period critical for brain maturation, on adulthood coping mechanisms, sociability, and glucocorticoid regulation. An amount of 64 Wistar rats [n = 32/sex; postnatal day (PND) 23] were assigned to supplementation of control soybean oil (CSO) or menhaden fish oil (FO; 0.3 mL/100 g) from PND28 to 47 and exposed to EE or regular cage (RC) housing from PND28 to 58, with their blood corticosterone (CORT) levels being assessed weekly. As adults, exposure to repeated forced swim tests (FSTs; PND90-91) enabled analysis of coping responses, while socioemotional and memory responses were evaluated using the OFT, EPM, SIT, and Y maze tests (PND92-94). Immunohistochemistry determined hippocampal CA1/CA3 glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression (PND95). CORT secretion gradually increased as the supplementation period elapsed in female rats, while changes were minimal in males. Coping strategies in the FST differed between sexes, particularly in FO-fed rats, where females and males, respectively, favoured floating and tail support to minimise energy consumption and maintain immobility. In the SIT, FO/EE promoted sociability in females, while a CSO diet favoured social recognition in males. Reduced CA3 GR-ir expression was found in FO/RC and CSO/EE rat groups, supporting stress resilience and memory consolidation. Our findings support environment and dietary conditions to exert a sex-specific impact on biobehavioural responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hélène Plamondon
- Behavioural Neuroscience Group, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (J.R.); (A.M.); (M.B.-G.)
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Mahmoudi Z, Tajik A, Vahdat M, Mobarakeh KA, Saeedirad Z, Azaryan F, Amjadi A, Alami F, Valisoltani N, Mirshafaei MA, Khoshdooz S, Gholamalizadeh M, Doaei S, Kooshki A. The association between dietary intake of fats and transient global amnesia (TGA). Nutr Neurosci 2024:1-7. [PMID: 39012761 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2024.2359866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different types of dietary fat may influence memory and cognitive functions. This study aimed to investigate the association between dietary fat intake and transient global amnesia (TGA). METHODS This case-control study was conducted using Persian Sabzevar cohort data on 258 individuals with TGA and 520 individuals without amnesia in Sabzevar Iran. The food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess the intake of dietary fats of the participants. All study participants were screened for TGA by a neurologist and their status was determined based on the diagnostic symptoms defined by the Kaplan and Hodges criteria. RESULTS There was an inverse association between the risk of TGA and dietary intake of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) (OR = 0.94, CI95%:0.88-0.99, P = 0.01). Also, a positive association was observed between TGA and dietary intake of n-6 fatty acids (OR = 1.18, CI 95%: 1.04-1.33, P = 0.01). The results remained significant after adjustment for age, sex, education, job, marital status, physical activity, BMI, and calorie intake. CONCLUSION Omega-3 fatty acids may have beneficial effects; however, omega-6 fatty acids may have adverse effects on the risk of amnesia. Further longitudinal studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Mahmoudi
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Tajik
- University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Vahdat
- Department of Nutrition, School of Paramedicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Abbasi Mobarakeh
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Saeedirad
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Azaryan
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Arezoo Amjadi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Farkhondeh Alami
- Student Research Committee, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Neda Valisoltani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoomeh Alsadat Mirshafaei
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran
| | - Sara Khoshdooz
- Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Science, Rasht, Iran
| | - Maryam Gholamalizadeh
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Doaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Kooshki
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
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Khalil MH. Environmental enrichment: a systematic review on the effect of a changing spatial complexity on hippocampal neurogenesis and plasticity in rodents, with considerations for translation to urban and built environments for humans. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1368411. [PMID: 38919908 PMCID: PMC11196820 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1368411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hippocampal neurogenesis is critical for improving learning, memory, and spatial navigation. Inhabiting and navigating spatial complexity is key to stimulating adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) in rodents because they share similar hippocampal neuroplasticity characteristics with humans. AHN in humans has recently been found to persist until the tenth decade of life, but it declines with aging and is influenced by environmental enrichment. This systematic review investigated the impact of spatial complexity on neurogenesis and hippocampal plasticity in rodents, and discussed the translatability of these findings to human interventions. Methods Comprehensive searches were conducted on three databases in English: PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. All literature published until December 2023 was screened and assessed for eligibility. A total of 32 studies with original data were included, and the process is reported in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement and checklist. Results The studies evaluated various models of spatial complexity in rodents, including environmental enrichment, changes to in-cage elements, complex layouts, and navigational mazes featuring novelty and intermittent complexity. A regression equation was formulated to synthesize key factors influencing neurogenesis, such as duration, physical activity, frequency of changes, diversity of complexity, age, living space size, and temperature. Conclusion Findings underscore the cognitive benefits of spatial complexity interventions and inform future translational research from rodents to humans. Home-cage enrichment and models like the Hamlet complex maze and the Marlau cage offer insight into how architectural design and urban navigational complexity can impact neurogenesis in humans. In-space changing complexity, with and without physical activity, is effective for stimulating neurogenesis. While evidence on intermittent spatial complexity in humans is limited, data from the COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns provide preliminary evidence. Existing equations relating rodent and human ages may allow for the translation of enrichment protocol durations from rodents to humans.
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Talebi V, Alamdari KA, Patel DI. Simple and Complex Wheel Running Effect on Depression, Memory, Neuroinflammation, and Neurogenesis in Alzheimer's Rat Model. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2024; 56:1159-1167. [PMID: 38227543 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to investigate 12 wk of simple and complex voluntary wheel running on Alzheimer's disease (AD), associated biomarkers, and behaviors. METHODS Sixty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups: healthy control (Con-Sed), AD only (AD-Sed), simple wheel control (SWC), complex wheel control (CWC), simple wheel AD (SWAD), and complex wheel AD (CWAD). Novelty-suppressed feeding test and the Morris water maze test were used to evaluate depression and memory, respectively. Ki67 was measured in the hippocampus, whereas interleukin (IL)-1β and neural/glial antigen 2 (NG2) were measured in both the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex. One-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test was performed. RESULTS AD-Sed group had significantly lower spacial memory ( P < 0.001) compared with Con-Sed. Simple and complex wheel running attenuated these deficits in the SWAD and CWAD groups, respectively ( P < 0.001). Only the CWAD group had significantly improved novelty-suppressed feeding test time compared with AD-Sed ( P < 0.001), equivalent to the healthy wheel running groups. AD-Sed has significantly higher hippocampal concentrations of Ki67 ( P = 0.01) compared with the Con-Sed. Both SWAD and CWAD had significantly reduced Ki67 with similar concentrations compared with the SWC and CWC groups ( P > 0.05). AD-Sed animals also presented with significantly higher hippocampal and prefrontal cortex concentrations of IL-1β compared with Con-Sed ( P < 0.001). SWAD and CWAD had no effect in changing these concentrations. Complex wheel running significantly increased NG2 in the healthy control and AD models, whereas simple wheel running significantly increased NG2 in the AD model. CONCLUSIONS The results of our study suggest that complex wheel running might be more advantageous in promoting memory and neuroplasticity while reducing depression that is associated with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Talebi
- Department of Sports Science, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, IRAN
| | - Karim Azali Alamdari
- Department of Sports Science, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, IRAN
| | - Darpan I Patel
- School of Nursing, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX
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Caruso MG, Nicolas S, Lucassen PJ, Mul JD, O’Leary OF, Nolan YM. Ageing, Cognitive Decline, and Effects of Physical Exercise: Complexities, and Considerations from Animal Models. Brain Plast 2024; 9:43-73. [PMID: 38993577 PMCID: PMC11234681 DOI: 10.3233/bpl-230157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In our ageing global population, the cognitive decline associated with dementia and neurodegenerative diseases represents a major healthcare problem. To date, there are no effective treatments for age-related cognitive impairment, thus preventative strategies are urgently required. Physical exercise is gaining traction as a non-pharmacological approach to promote brain health. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN), a unique form of brain plasticity which is necessary for certain cognitive functions declines with age and is enhanced in response to exercise. Accumulating evidence from research in rodents suggests that physical exercise has beneficial effects on cognition through its proneurogenic capabilities. Given ethical and technical limitations in human studies, preclinical research in rodents is crucial for a better understanding of such exercise-induced brain and behavioural changes. In this review, exercise paradigms used in preclinical research are compared. We provide an overview of the effects of different exercise paradigms on age-related cognitive decline from middle-age until older-age. We discuss the relationship between the age-related decrease in AHN and the potential impact of exercise on mitigating this decline. We highlight the emerging literature on the impact of exercise on gut microbiota during ageing and consider the role of the gut-brain axis as a future possible strategy to optimize exercise-enhanced cognitive function. Finally, we propose a guideline for designing optimal exercise protocols in rodent studies, which would inform clinical research and contribute to developing preventative strategies for age-related cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giovanna Caruso
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Sarah Nicolas
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul J. Lucassen
- Brain Plasticity group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joram D. Mul
- Brain Plasticity group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Olivia F. O’Leary
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Yvonne M. Nolan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland
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Ramos TL, de Sousa Fernandes MS, da Silva Fidélis DE, Jurema Santos GC, Albuquerque RB, Ferreira DJS, de Souza RF, Badicu G, Yagin FH, Yagin B, Alwhaibi RM, Souto FO, Lagranha CJ. The impact of enriched environments on cerebral oxidative balance in rodents: a systematic review of environmental variability effects. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1366747. [PMID: 38665291 PMCID: PMC11043487 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1366747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The present review aimed to systematically summarize the impacts of environmental enrichment (EE) on cerebral oxidative balance in rodents exposed to normal and unfavorable environmental conditions. Methods In this systematic review, four databases were used: PubMed (830 articles), Scopus (126 articles), Embase (127 articles), and Science Direct (794 articles). Eligibility criteria were applied based on the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes, and Study (PICOS) strategy to reduce the risk of bias. The searches were carried out by two independent researchers; in case of disagreement, a third participant was requested. After the selection and inclusion of articles, data related to sample characteristics and the EE protocol (time of exposure to EE, number of animals, and size of the environment) were extracted, as well as data related to brain tissues and biomarkers of oxidative balance, including carbonyls, malondialdehyde, nitrotyrosine, oxygen-reactive species, and glutathione (reduced/oxidized). Results A total of 1,877 articles were found in the four databases, of which 16 studies were included in this systematic review. The results showed that different EE protocols were able to produce a global increase in antioxidant capacity, both enzymatic and non-enzymatic, which are the main factors for the neuroprotective effects in the central nervous system (CNS) subjected to unfavorable conditions. Furthermore, it was possible to notice a slowdown in neural dysfunction associated with oxidative damage, especially in the prefrontal structure in mice. Discussion In conclusion, EE protocols were determined to be valid tools for improving oxidative balance in the CNS. The global decrease in oxidative stress biomarkers indicates refinement in reactive oxygen species detoxification, triggering an improvement in the antioxidant network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Lacerda Ramos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Aplicada à Saúde, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Matheus Santos de Sousa Fernandes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Aplicada à Saúde, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Instituto Keizo Asami, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Débora Eduarda da Silva Fidélis
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Aplicada à Saúde, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Renata B. Albuquerque
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Aplicada à Saúde, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Instituto Keizo Asami, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | | | - Georgian Badicu
- Department of Physical Education and Special Motricity, Transilvania University of Braşov, Braşov, Romania
| | - Fatma Hilal Yagin
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Türkiye
| | - Burak Yagin
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Türkiye
| | - Reem M. Alwhaibi
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fabrício Oliveira Souto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Aplicada à Saúde, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Instituto Keizo Asami, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Claúdia Jacques Lagranha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição Atividade Física e Plasticidade Fenotípica, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Dijkhuizen S, Van Ginneken LMC, IJpelaar AHC, Koekkoek SKE, De Zeeuw CI, Boele HJ. Impact of enriched environment on motor performance and learning in mice. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5962. [PMID: 38472324 PMCID: PMC10933351 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56568-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroscience heavily relies on animal welfare in laboratory rodents as it can significantly affect brain development, cognitive function and memory formation. Unfortunately, laboratory animals are often raised in artificial environments devoid of physical and social stimuli, potentially leading to biased outcomes in behavioural assays. To assess this effect, we examined the impact of social and physical cage enrichment on various forms of motor coordination. Our findings indicate that while enriched-housed animals did not exhibit faster learning in eyeblink conditioning, the peak timing of their conditioned responses was slightly, but significantly, improved. Additionally, enriched-housed animals outperformed animals that were housed in standard conditions in the accelerating rotarod and ErasmusLadder test. In contrast, we found no significant effect of enrichment on the balance beam and grip strength test. Overall, our data suggest that an enriched environment can improve motor performance and motor learning under challenging and/or novel circumstances, possibly reflecting an altered state of anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dijkhuizen
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L M C Van Ginneken
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A H C IJpelaar
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S K E Koekkoek
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C I De Zeeuw
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - H J Boele
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA.
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Dimitriadis SI, Castells-Sánchez A, Roig-Coll F, Dacosta-Aguayo R, Lamonja-Vicente N, Torán-Monserrat P, García-Molina A, Monte-Rubio G, Stillman C, Perera-Lluna A, Mataró M. Intrinsic functional brain connectivity changes following aerobic exercise, computerized cognitive training, and their combination in physically inactive healthy late-middle-aged adults: the Projecte Moviment. GeroScience 2024; 46:573-596. [PMID: 37872293 PMCID: PMC10828336 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00946-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle interventions have positive neuroprotective effects in aging. However, there are still open questions about how changes in resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) contribute to cognitive improvements. The Projecte Moviment is a 12-week randomized controlled trial of a multimodal data acquisition protocol that investigated the effects of aerobic exercise (AE), computerized cognitive training (CCT), and their combination (COMB). An initial list of 109 participants was recruited from which a total of 82 participants (62% female; age = 58.38 ± 5.47) finished the intervention with a level of adherence > 80%. Only in the COMB group, we revealed an extended network of 33 connections that involved an increased and decreased rsFC within and between the aDMN/pDMN and a reduced rsFC between the bilateral supplementary motor areas and the right thalamus. No global and especially local rsFC changes due to any intervention mediated the cognitive benefits detected in the AE and COMB groups. Projecte Moviment provides evidence of the clinical relevance of lifestyle interventions and the potential benefits when combining them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavros I Dimitriadis
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 171, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut de Neurociències, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Alba Castells-Sánchez
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 171, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesca Roig-Coll
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 171, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosalía Dacosta-Aguayo
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 171, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat de Suport a La Recerca Metropolitana Nord, Fundació Institut Universitari Per a La Recerca a L'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol I Gurina, Mataró, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de La Salut Germans Trias I Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Noemí Lamonja-Vicente
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 171, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat de Suport a La Recerca Metropolitana Nord, Fundació Institut Universitari Per a La Recerca a L'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol I Gurina, Mataró, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Pere Torán-Monserrat
- Unitat de Suport a La Recerca Metropolitana Nord, Fundació Institut Universitari Per a La Recerca a L'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol I Gurina, Mataró, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Alberto García-Molina
- Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de La Salut Germans Trias I Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Gemma Monte-Rubio
- Centre for Comparative Medicine and Bioimage (CMCiB), Germans Trias I Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Chelsea Stillman
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alexandre Perera-Lluna
- B2SLab, Departament d'Enginyeria de Sistemes, CIBER-BBN, Automàtica I Informàtica Industrial, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Mataró
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 171, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut de Neurociències, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain.
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12
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Sakurai M, Takenaka M, Mitsui Y, Sakai Y, Morimoto M. Prednisolone improves hippocampal regeneration after trimethyltin-induced neurodegeneration in association with prevention of T lymphocyte infiltration. Neuropathology 2024; 44:21-30. [PMID: 37288771 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The endogenous regenerative capacity of the brain is quite weak; however, a regenerative reaction, the production of new neurons (neurogenesis), has been reported to occur in brain lesions. In addition, leukocytes are well known to infiltrate brain lesions. Therefore, leukocytes would also have a link with regenerative neurogenesis; however, their role has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated leukocyte infiltration and its influence on brain tissue regeneration in a trimethyltin (TMT)-injected mouse model of hippocampal regeneration. Immunohistochemically, CD3-positive T lymphocytes were found in the hippocampal lesion of TMT-injected mice. Prednisolone (PSL) treatment inhibited T lymphocyte infiltration and increased neuronal nuclei (NeuN)-positive mature neurons and doublecortin (DCX)-positive immature neurons in the hippocampus. Investigation of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-labeled newborn cells revealed the percentage of BrdU/NeuN- and BrdU/DCX-positive cells increased by PSL treatment. These results indicate that infiltrated T lymphocytes prevent brain tissue regeneration by inhibiting hippocampal neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Sakurai
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Miki Takenaka
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Yuki Mitsui
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sakai
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Morimoto
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
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13
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Hong XL, Cheng LJ, Feng RC, Goh J, Gyanwali B, Itoh S, Tam WSW, Wu XV. Effect of physio-cognitive dual-task training on cognition in pre-ageing and older adults with neurocognitive disorders: A meta-analysis and meta-regression of randomized controlled trial. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 116:105161. [PMID: 37619434 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2023.105161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Declines in cognitive performance, such as those seen in neurocognitive disorders (NCDs) are often associated with ageing. Both physical activity and cognitive training are common interventional strategies that can mitigate the decline in cognitive and physical performance. This review aims to (1) to evaluate the effects of Physio-Cognitive Dual-task Training (PCDT) intervention on cognition, physical performance, activities of daily living (ADL) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in pre-ageing and older adults with neurocognitive disorders, (2) explore the effects of covariates on intervention outcomes. A systematic search was conducted in eight databases. Cochrane's Risk of Bias Tool version 1 and GRADE criteria were used to assess risk of bias and certainty of evidence, respectively. Meta-analysis and meta-regression analyses were conducted using R software. Twenty-six randomized controlled trials involving 1,949 pre-ageing and older adults with NCDs were included in the meta-analysis. PCDT interventions had small-to-medium effect size on all cognition outcomes (g = 0.40-0.52) and instrumental ADL (g == 0.42), and a large effect size on HRQoL (g = 0.72). The quality of evidence was rated moderate to low for the outcome measures in pre-ageing and older adults with NCDs. These findings highlight the importance of PCDT interventions in preventing and slowing down cognitive impairment in pre-ageing and older adults. Registration: PROSPERO Number (CRD42020213962).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Li Hong
- Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, 308433, Singapore
| | - Ling Jie Cheng
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 12 Science Drive 2, 117549, Singapore
| | - Ruo Chen Feng
- Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, 308433, Singapore
| | - Jorming Goh
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 2 Medical Drive, MD9, National University of Singapore, 117593, Singapore; Centre for Healthy Longevity, National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Rd, 119228, Singapore
| | - Bibek Gyanwali
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, 117596, Singapore
| | - Sakiko Itoh
- Department of Home Health and Palliative Care Nursing, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan; Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Wai San Wilson Tam
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, National University of Singapore, Level 2, Clinical Research Centre, Block MD 11,10 Medical Drive, 117597, Singapore
| | - Xi Vivien Wu
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, National University of Singapore, Level 2, Clinical Research Centre, Block MD 11,10 Medical Drive, 117597, Singapore; NUSMED Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, 117456, Singapore.
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14
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Kong L, Ren J, Fang S, Li Y, Wu Z, Zhou X, Hao Q, Fang M, Zhang YQ. Effects of traditional Chinese mind-body exercises for patients with chronic fatigue syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Glob Health 2023; 13:04157. [PMID: 37994837 PMCID: PMC10666566 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.13.04157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a global public health concern. We performed this systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the effects and safety of traditional Chinese mind-body exercises (TCME) for patients with CFS. Methods We comprehensively searched MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, CNKI, VIP databases, and Wanfang Data from inception to October 2022 for eligible RCTs of TCME for CFS management. We used Cochran's Q statistic and I2 to assess heterogeneity and conducted subgroup analyses based on different types of TCME, background therapy, and types of fatigue. We also assessed the quality of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) approach. Results We included 13 studies (n = 1187) with a maximal follow-up of 12 weeks. TCME included Qigong and Tai Chi. At the end of the treatment, compared with passive control, TCME probably reduces the severity of fatigue (standardised mean differences (SMD) = 0.85; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.64, 1.07, moderate certainty), depression (SMD = 0.53; 95% CI = 0.34, 0.72, moderate certainty), anxiety (SMD = 0.29; 95% CI = 0.11, 0.48, moderate certainty), sleep quality (SMD = 0.34; 95% CI = 0.10, 0.57, low certainty) and mental functioning (SMD = 0.90; 95% CI = 0.50, 1.29, low certainty). Compared with other active control therapies, TCME results in little to no difference in the severity of fatigue (SMD = 0.08; 95% CI = -0.18, 0.34, low certainty). For long-term outcomes, TCME may improve anxiety (SMD = 1.74; 95% CI = 0.44, 3.03, low certainty) compared to passive control. We did not identify TCME-related serious adverse events. Conclusions In patients with CFS, TCME probably reduces post-intervention fatigue, depression, and anxiety and may improve sleep quality and mental function compared with passive control, but has limited long-term effects. These findings will help health professionals and patients with better clinical decision-making. Registration PROSPERO: CRD42022329157.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjun Kong
- Department of Tuina, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Tuina, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sitong Fang
- Department of Tuina, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunlong Li
- Department of Tuina, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiwei Wu
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Tuina, Shanghai Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Tuina, Shanghai Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiukui Hao
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Min Fang
- Department of Tuina, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Tuina, Shanghai Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Qing Zhang
- CEBIM (Center for Evidence Based Integrative Medicine) - Clarity Collaboration, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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15
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Neale KJ, Reid HMO, Sousa B, McDonagh E, Morrison J, Shultz S, Eyolfson E, Christie BR. Repeated mild traumatic brain injury causes sex-specific increases in cell proliferation and inflammation in juvenile rats. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:250. [PMID: 37907981 PMCID: PMC10617072 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02916-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood represents a period of significant growth and maturation for the brain, and is also associated with a heightened risk for mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI). There is also concern that repeated-mTBI (r-mTBI) may have a long-term impact on developmental trajectories. Using an awake closed head injury (ACHI) model, that uses rapid head acceleration to induce a mTBI, we investigated the acute effects of repeated-mTBI (r-mTBI) on neurological function and cellular proliferation in juvenile male and female Long-Evans rats. We found that r-mTBI did not lead to cumulative neurological deficits with the model. R-mTBI animals exhibited an increase in BrdU + (bromodeoxyuridine positive) cells in the dentate gyrus (DG), and that this increase was more robust in male animals. This increase was not sustained, and cell proliferation returning to normal by PID3. A greater increase in BrdU + cells was observed in the dorsal DG in both male and female r-mTBI animals at PID1. Using Ki-67 expression as an endogenous marker of cellular proliferation, a robust proliferative response following r-mTBI was observed in male animals at PID1 that persisted until PID3, and was not constrained to the DG alone. Triple labeling experiments (Iba1+, GFAP+, Brdu+) revealed that a high proportion of these proliferating cells were microglia/macrophages, indicating there was a heightened inflammatory response. Overall, these findings suggest that rapid head acceleration with the ACHI model produces an mTBI, but that the acute neurological deficits do not increase in severity with repeated administration. R-mTBI transiently increases cellular proliferation in the hippocampus, particularly in male animals, and the pattern of cell proliferation suggests that this represents a neuroinflammatory response that is focused around the mid-brain rather than peripheral cortical regions. These results add to growing literature indicating sex differences in proliferative and inflammatory responses between females and males. Targeting proliferation as a therapeutic avenue may help reduce the short term impact of r-mTBI, but there may be sex-specific considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie J Neale
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Medical Sciences Building,3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Hannah M O Reid
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Medical Sciences Building,3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Barbara Sousa
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Medical Sciences Building,3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Erin McDonagh
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Medical Sciences Building,3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Jamie Morrison
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Medical Sciences Building,3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Sandy Shultz
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Medical Sciences Building,3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
- Vancouver Island University, 900 Fifth Street, Nanaimo, BC, V9R 5S5, Canada
- Monash Trauma Group, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Eric Eyolfson
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Medical Sciences Building,3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Brian R Christie
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Medical Sciences Building,3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada.
- Institute for Aging and Life Long Health, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada.
- Island Medical Program, Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada.
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada.
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16
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Funabashi D, Tsuchida R, Matsui T, Kita I, Nishijima T. Enlarged housing space and increased spatial complexity enhance hippocampal neurogenesis but do not increase physical activity in mice. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:1203260. [PMID: 37822972 PMCID: PMC10562532 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1203260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Environmental enrichment (EE) improves various health outcomes, such as hippocampal neurogenesis, in rodents, which is thought to be caused, in part, by increased physical activity. However, the specific effect of each enrichment component, such as enlarged housing spaces and increased spatial complexity with a variety of objects, on physical activity remains unclear because of methodological limitations in measuring physical activity. We aimed to examine whether enlarged housing spaces and increased spatial complexity increase physical activity in mice using a body-implantable actimeter. Methods Adult male C57BL/6J mice were assigned to either standard housing or EE groups. The housing environment in the EE mice was gradually enriched by enlarging the housing space and the placement of a variety of objects. Physical activity was measured using a body-implanted actimeter. Hippocampal neurogenesis was immunohistochemically examined. Results Enlarged housing spaces and the placement of a variety of objects did not increase physical activity in mice. In contrast, hippocampal neurogenesis was enhanced in the EE mice, suggesting that environmental interventions successfully provided enriched housing conditions for these mice. Conclusions These results indicate that enlarged housing spaces and increased spatial complexity do not increase physical activity in mice. Furthermore, we found that EE enhanced hippocampal neurogenesis without increasing activity volume. Besides the current understanding that increasing the amount of physical activity is key to improving hippocampal function, our result suggests that the environment in which physical activity takes place is also a crucial contextual factor in determining the impact of physical activity on hippocampal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Funabashi
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
- Exercise Biochemistry & Sport Neurobiology Division, Institute of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ryuki Tsuchida
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsui
- Exercise Biochemistry & Sport Neurobiology Division, Institute of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kita
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nishijima
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Li H, Xu L, Jiang W, Qiu X, Xu H, Zhu F, Hu Y, Liang S, Cai C, Qiu W, Lu Z, Cui Y, Tang C. Pleiotrophin ameliorates age-induced adult hippocampal neurogenesis decline and cognitive dysfunction. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113022. [PMID: 37610873 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment has been associated with an age-related decline in adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN). The molecular basis of declining neurogenesis in the aging hippocampus remains to be elucidated. Here, we show that pleiotrophin (PTN) expression is decreased with aging in neural stem and progenitor cells (NSPCs). Mice lacking PTN exhibit impaired AHN accompanied by poor learning and memory. Mechanistically, we find that PTN engages with protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type Z1 (PTPRZ1) to promote NSPC proliferation and differentiation by activating AKT signaling. PTN overexpression or pharmacological activation of AKT signaling in aging mice restores AHN and alleviates relevant memory deficits. Importantly, we also find that PTN overexpression improves impaired neurogenesis in senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mice. We further confirm that PTN is required for enriched environment-induced increases in AHN. These results corroborate the significance of AHN in aging and reveal a possible therapeutic intervention by targeting PTN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyang Li
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiusheng Qiu
- Vaccine Research Institute, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Huiming Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Fan Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Medical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shuzhen Liang
- Medical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chengcheng Cai
- Medical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wei Qiu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Zhengqi Lu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Yaxiong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Changyong Tang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China.
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18
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Šlosar L, Peskar M, Pišot R, Marusic U. Environmental enrichment through virtual reality as multisensory stimulation to mitigate the negative effects of prolonged bed rest. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1169683. [PMID: 37674784 PMCID: PMC10477372 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1169683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Prolonged bed rest causes a multitude of deleterious physiological changes in the human body that require interventions even during immobilization to prevent or minimize these negative effects. In addition to other interventions such as physical and nutritional therapy, non-physical interventions such as cognitive training, motor imagery, and action observation have demonstrated efficacy in mitigating or improving not only cognitive but also motor outcomes in bedridden patients. Recent technological advances have opened new opportunities to implement such non-physical interventions in semi- or fully-immersive environments to enable the development of bed rest countermeasures. Extended Reality (XR), which covers augmented reality (AR), mixed reality (MR), and virtual reality (VR), can enhance the training process by further engaging the kinesthetic, visual, and auditory senses. XR-based enriched environments offer a promising research avenue to investigate the effects of multisensory stimulation on motor rehabilitation and to counteract dysfunctional brain mechanisms that occur during prolonged bed rest. This review discussed the use of enriched environment applications in bedridden patients as a promising tool to improve patient rehabilitation outcomes and suggested their integration into existing treatment protocols to improve patient care. Finally, the neurobiological mechanisms associated with the positive cognitive and motor effects of an enriched environment are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Šlosar
- Science and Research Centre Koper, Institute for Kinesiology Research, Koper, Slovenia
- Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Department of Health Sciences, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Manca Peskar
- Science and Research Centre Koper, Institute for Kinesiology Research, Koper, Slovenia
- Biological Psychology and Neuroergonomics, Department of Psychology and Ergonomics, Faculty V: Mechanical Engineering and Transport Systems, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rado Pišot
- Science and Research Centre Koper, Institute for Kinesiology Research, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Uros Marusic
- Science and Research Centre Koper, Institute for Kinesiology Research, Koper, Slovenia
- Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Department of Health Sciences, Maribor, Slovenia
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19
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Cui X, Gui W, Miao J, Liu X, Zhu X, Zheng Z, Wan W, Shao Q, Kray J, Jiang Y, Li J. A Combined Intervention of Aerobic Exercise and Video Game in Older Adults: The Efficacy and Neural Basis on Improving Mnemonic Discrimination. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2023; 78:1436-1444. [PMID: 36462181 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glac232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mnemonic discrimination is very vulnerable to aging. Previous studies have reported that aerobic exercise and enriched cognitive stimulation (e.g., video games) could improve mnemonic discrimination in older adults. The animal model suggested that combining the 2 training methods could result in a larger improvement. However, there is limited evidence on the potential superior efficacy of combined intervention with human participants. Moreover, the neural basis of this potential superior is poorly understood. METHODS We conducted a 16-week intervention trial with 98 community-dwelling older adults assigned to one of the four groups (combined training, aerobic cycling alone, video game alone, or passive control). Mnemonic discrimination was measured as the primary behavioral outcome, hippocampal volume, and functional connectivity of the default mode network (DMN) were measured as neural indicators. RESULTS Participants receiving the combined intervention demonstrated the largest effect size of mnemonic discrimination improvement. Magnetic resonance image results indicated aerobic exercising increased left hippocampal volume, while video-game training counteracted the decline of DMN functional connectivity with aging. The synergy of hippocampal structural and functional plasticity observed in the combined training group explained why the largest intervention benefits were obtained by this group. CONCLUSION Despite the nonrandomized design (i.e., likely self-selection bias), our results provide new evidence that combined intervention of exercise and cognitive training is more effective than single intervention for older adults. Parallel to animal studies, aerobic exercise and the video game with enriched cognitive stimulation could induce hippocampal plasticity through separate structural and functional pathways. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NUMBER ChiCTR1900022702.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Cui
- Center on Aging Psychology, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjun Gui
- Center on Aging Psychology, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingwen Miao
- Center on Aging Psychology, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomei Liu
- Center on Aging Psychology, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyi Zhu
- Center on Aging Psychology, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwei Zheng
- Center on Aging Psychology, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenyu Wan
- Center on Aging Psychology, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Shao
- Center on Aging Psychology, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jutta Kray
- Department of Psychology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Yang Jiang
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky,USA
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky,USA
| | - Juan Li
- Center on Aging Psychology, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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20
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Dill LK, Teymornejad S, Sharma R, Bozkurt S, Christensen J, Chu E, Rewell SS, Shad A, Mychasiuk R, Semple BD. Modulating chronic outcomes after pediatric traumatic brain injury: Distinct effects of social and environmental enrichment. Exp Neurol 2023; 364:114407. [PMID: 37059414 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Impairments in social and cognitive function are a common consequence of pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI). Rehabilitation has the potential to promote optimal behavioral recovery. Here, we evaluated whether an enhanced social and/or cognitive environment could improve long-term outcomes in a preclinical model of pediatric TBI. Male C57Bl/6 J mice received a moderately-severe TBI or sham procedure at postnatal day 21. After one week, mice were randomized to different social conditions (minimal socialization, n = 2/cage; or social grouping, n = 6/cage), and housing conditions (standard cage, or environmental enrichment (EE), incorporating sensory, motor, and cognitive stimuli). After 8 weeks, neurobehavioral outcomes were assessed, followed by post-mortem neuropathology. We found that TBI mice exhibited hyperactivity, spatial memory deficits, reduced anxiety-like behavior, and reduced sensorimotor performance compared to age-matched sham controls. Pro-social and sociosexual behaviors were also reduced in TBI mice. EE increased sensorimotor performance, and the duration of sociosexual interactions. Conversely, social housing reduced hyperactivity and altered anxiety-like behavior in TBI mice, and reduced same-sex social investigation. TBI mice showed impaired spatial memory retention, except for TBI mice exposed to both EE and group housing. In the brain, while TBI led to significant regional tissue atrophy, social housing had modest neuroprotective effects on hippocampal volumes, neurogenesis, and oligodendrocyte progenitor numbers. In conclusion, manipulation of the post-injury environment has benefit for chronic behavioral outcomes, but the benefits are specific to the type of enrichment available. This study improves understanding of modifiable factors that may be harnessed to optimize long-term outcomes for survivors of early-life TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa K Dill
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; The Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Sadaf Teymornejad
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Rishabh Sharma
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Salome Bozkurt
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Jennaya Christensen
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Erskine Chu
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Sarah S Rewell
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Ali Shad
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Richelle Mychasiuk
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Bridgette D Semple
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia.
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21
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Chrusch MJ, Fu S, Spanswick SC, Vecchiarelli HA, Patel PP, Hill MN, Dyck RH. Environmental Enrichment Engages Vesicular Zinc Signaling to Enhance Hippocampal Neurogenesis. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060883. [PMID: 36980224 PMCID: PMC10046929 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc is highly concentrated in synaptic vesicles throughout the mammalian telencephalon and, in particular, the hippocampal dentate gyrus. A role for zinc in modulating synaptic plasticity has been inferred, but whether zinc has a particular role in experience-dependent plasticity has yet to be determined. The aim of the current study was to determine whether vesicular zinc is important for modulating adult hippocampal neurogenesis in an experience-dependent manner and, consequently, hippocampal-dependent behaviour. We assessed the role of vesicular zinc in modulating hippocampal neurogenesis and behaviour by comparing ZnT3 knockout (KO) mice, which lack vesicular zinc, to wild-type (WT) littermates exposed to either standard housing conditions (SH) or an enriched environment (EE). We found that vesicular zinc is necessary for a cascade of changes in hippocampal plasticity following EE, such as increases in hippocampal neurogenesis and elevations in mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor (mBDNF), but was otherwise dispensable under SH conditions. Using the Spatial Object Recognition task and the Morris Water task we show that, unlike WT mice, ZnT3 KO mice showed no improvements in spatial memory following EE. These experiments demonstrate that vesicular zinc is essential for the enhancement of adult hippocampal neurogenesis and behaviour following enrichment, supporting a role for zincergic neurons in contributing to experience-dependent plasticity in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Chrusch
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (M.J.C.); (S.F.); (S.C.S.); (H.A.V.); (M.N.H.)
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Selena Fu
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (M.J.C.); (S.F.); (S.C.S.); (H.A.V.); (M.N.H.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Simon C. Spanswick
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (M.J.C.); (S.F.); (S.C.S.); (H.A.V.); (M.N.H.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Haley A. Vecchiarelli
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (M.J.C.); (S.F.); (S.C.S.); (H.A.V.); (M.N.H.)
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Payal P. Patel
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Matthew N. Hill
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (M.J.C.); (S.F.); (S.C.S.); (H.A.V.); (M.N.H.)
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Richard H. Dyck
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (M.J.C.); (S.F.); (S.C.S.); (H.A.V.); (M.N.H.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Correspondence:
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22
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Sun D, Mei L, Xiong WC. Dorsal Dentate Gyrus, a Key Regulator for Mood and Psychiatric Disorders. Biol Psychiatry 2023:S0006-3223(23)00009-4. [PMID: 36894487 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The dentate gyrus, a "gate" that controls the flow of information into the hippocampus, is critical for learning, memory, spatial navigation, and mood regulation. Several lines of evidence have demonstrated that deficits in dentate granule cells (DGCs) (e.g., loss of DGCs or genetic mutations in DGCs) contribute to the development of various psychiatric disorders, such as depression and anxiety disorders. Whereas ventral DGCs are believed to be critical for mood regulation, the functions of dorsal DGCs in this regard remain elusive. Here, we review the role of DGCs, in particular the dorsal DGCs, in the regulation of mood, their functional relationships with DGC development, and the contributions of dysfunctional DGCs to mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Sun
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lin Mei
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Wen-Cheng Xiong
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.
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23
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Mañas‐Padilla MC, Tezanos P, Cintado E, Vicente L, Sánchez‐Salido L, Gil‐Rodríguez S, Trejo JL, Santín LJ, Castilla‐Ortega E. Environmental enrichment alleviates cognitive and psychomotor alterations and increases adult hippocampal neurogenesis in cocaine withdrawn mice. Addict Biol 2023; 28:e13244. [PMID: 36577726 PMCID: PMC9786803 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine is a widely used psychostimulant drug whose repeated exposure induces persistent cognitive/emotional dysregulation, which could be a predictor of relapse in users. However, there is scarce evidence on effective treatments to alleviate these symptoms. Environmental enrichment (EE) has been shown to be associated with improved synaptic function and cellular plasticity changes related to adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN), resulting in cognitive enhancement. Therefore, EE could mitigate the negative impact of chronic administration of cocaine in mice and reduce the emotional and cognitive symptoms present during cocaine abstinence. In this study, mice were chronically administered with cocaine for 14 days, and control mice received saline. After the last cocaine or saline dose, mice were submitted to control or EE housing conditions, and they stayed undisturbed for 28 days. Subsequently, mice were evaluated with a battery of behavioural tests for exploratory activity, emotional behaviour, and cognitive performance. EE attenuated hyperlocomotion, induced anxiolytic-like behaviour and alleviated cognitive impairment in spatial memory in the cocaine-abstinent mice. The EE protocol notably upregulated AHN in both control and cocaine-treated mice, though cocaine slightly reduced the number of immature neurons. Altogether, these results demonstrate that EE could enhance hippocampal neuroplasticity ameliorating the behavioural and cognitive consequences of repeated administration of cocaine. Therefore, environmental stimulation may be a useful strategy in the treatment cocaine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Carmen Mañas‐Padilla
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga‐IBIMAMálagaSpain
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del ComportamientoUniversidad de MálagaMálagaSpain
| | - Patricia Tezanos
- Department of Translational NeuroscienceCajal Institute, Spanish National Research CouncilMadridSpain
| | - Elisa Cintado
- Department of Translational NeuroscienceCajal Institute, Spanish National Research CouncilMadridSpain
| | - Lucía Vicente
- Centro de Experimentación AnimalUniversidad de MálagaMálagaSpain
- Departamento de PsicologíaUniversidad de DeustoBilbaoSpain
| | - Lourdes Sánchez‐Salido
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga‐IBIMAMálagaSpain
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud MentalHospital Regional Universitario de MálagaMálagaSpain
| | - Sara Gil‐Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga‐IBIMAMálagaSpain
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del ComportamientoUniversidad de MálagaMálagaSpain
| | - José L. Trejo
- Department of Translational NeuroscienceCajal Institute, Spanish National Research CouncilMadridSpain
| | - Luis J. Santín
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga‐IBIMAMálagaSpain
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del ComportamientoUniversidad de MálagaMálagaSpain
| | - Estela Castilla‐Ortega
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga‐IBIMAMálagaSpain
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del ComportamientoUniversidad de MálagaMálagaSpain
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24
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Koevoets EW, Geerlings MI, Monninkhof EM, Mandl R, Witlox L, van der Wall E, Stuiver MM, Sonke GS, Velthuis MJ, Jobsen JJ, van der Palen J, Bos MEMM, Göker E, Menke-Pluijmers MBE, Sommeijer DW, May AM, de Ruiter MB, Schagen SB. Effect of physical exercise on the hippocampus and global grey matter volume in breast cancer patients: A randomized controlled trial (PAM study). Neuroimage Clin 2022; 37:103292. [PMID: 36565574 PMCID: PMC9800528 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical exercise in cancer patients is a promising intervention to improve cognition and increase brain volume, including hippocampal volume. We investigated whether a 6-month exercise intervention primarily impacts total hippocampal volume and additionally hippocampal subfield volumes, cortical thickness and grey matter volume in previously physically inactive breast cancer patients. Furthermore, we evaluated associations with verbal memory. METHODS Chemotherapy-exposed breast cancer patients (stage I-III, 2-4 years post diagnosis) with cognitive problems were included and randomized in an exercise intervention (n = 70, age = 52.5 ± 9.0 years) or control group (n = 72, age = 53.2 ± 8.6 years). The intervention consisted of 2x1 hours/week of supervised aerobic and strength training and 2x1 hours/week Nordic or power walking. At baseline and at 6-month follow-up, volumetric brain measures were derived from 3D T1-weighted 3T magnetic resonance imaging scans, including hippocampal (subfield) volume (FreeSurfer), cortical thickness (CAT12), and grey matter volume (voxel-based morphometry CAT12). Physical fitness was measured with a cardiopulmonary exercise test. Memory functioning was measured with the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R total recall) and Wordlist Learning of an online cognitive test battery, the Amsterdam Cognition Scan (ACS Wordlist Learning). An explorative analysis was conducted in highly fatigued patients (score of ≥ 39 on the symptom scale 'fatigue' of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire), as previous research in this dataset has shown that the intervention improved cognition only in these patients. RESULTS Multiple regression analyses and voxel-based morphometry revealed no significant intervention effects on brain volume, although at baseline increased physical fitness was significantly related to larger brain volume (e.g., total hippocampal volume: R = 0.32, B = 21.7 mm3, 95 % CI = 3.0 - 40.4). Subgroup analyses showed an intervention effect in highly fatigued patients. Unexpectedly, these patients had significant reductions in hippocampal volume, compared to the control group (e.g., total hippocampal volume: B = -52.3 mm3, 95 % CI = -100.3 - -4.4)), which was related to improved memory functioning (HVLT-R total recall: B = -0.022, 95 % CI = -0.039 - -0.005; ACS Wordlist Learning: B = -0.039, 95 % CI = -0.062 - -0.015). CONCLUSIONS No exercise intervention effects were found on hippocampal volume, hippocampal subfield volumes, cortical thickness or grey matter volume for the entire intervention group. Contrary to what we expected, in highly fatigued patients a reduction in hippocampal volume was found after the intervention, which was related to improved memory functioning. These results suggest that physical fitness may benefit cognition in specific groups and stress the importance of further research into the biological basis of this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- E W Koevoets
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M I Geerlings
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of General Practice, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - E M Monninkhof
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - R Mandl
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - L Witlox
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - E van der Wall
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - M M Stuiver
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Center for Quality of Life, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Center of Expertise Urban Vitality, Faculty of Health, University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - G S Sonke
- Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M J Velthuis
- Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation (IKNL), Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - J J Jobsen
- Medical School Twente, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - J van der Palen
- Medical School Twente, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Research Methodology, Measurement, Universiteit Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - M E M M Bos
- Department of Medical Oncology, ErasmusMC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - E Göker
- Department of Medical Oncology, Alexander Monro Hospital, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | | | - D W Sommeijer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Flevohospital, Almere, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A M May
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - M B de Ruiter
- Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - S B Schagen
- Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Brain and Cognition Group, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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The Molecular Effects of Environmental Enrichment on Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:7095-7118. [PMID: 36083518 PMCID: PMC9616781 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03016-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Environmental enrichment (EE) is an environmental paradigm encompassing sensory, cognitive, and physical stimulation at a heightened level. Previous studies have reported the beneficial effects of EE in the brain, particularly in the hippocampus. EE improves cognitive function as well as ameliorates depressive and anxiety-like behaviors, making it a potentially effective neuroprotective strategy against neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we summarize the current evidence for EE as a neuroprotective strategy as well as the potential molecular pathways that can explain the effects of EE from a biochemical perspective using animal models. The effectiveness of EE in enhancing brain activity against neurodegeneration is explored with a view to differences present in early and late life EE exposure, with its potential application in human being discussed. We discuss EE as one of the non pharmacological approaches in preventing or delaying the onset of AD for future research.
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26
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Pathological Nuclear Hallmarks in Dentate Granule Cells of Alzheimer’s Patients: A Biphasic Regulation of Neurogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232112873. [PMID: 36361662 PMCID: PMC9654738 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The dentate gyrus (DG) of the human hippocampus is a complex and dynamic structure harboring mature and immature granular neurons in diverse proliferative states. While most mammals show persistent neurogenesis through adulthood, human neurogenesis is still under debate. We found nuclear alterations in granular cells in autopsied human brains, detected by immunohistochemistry. These alterations differ from those reported in pyramidal neurons of the hippocampal circuit. Aging and early AD chromatin were clearly differentiated by the increased epigenetic markers H3K9me3 (heterochromatin suppressive mark) and H3K4me3 (transcriptional euchromatin mark). At early AD stages, lamin B2 was redistributed to the nucleoplasm, indicating cell-cycle reactivation, probably induced by hippocampal nuclear pathology. At intermediate and late AD stages, higher lamin B2 immunopositivity in the perinucleus suggests fewer immature neurons, less neurogenesis, and fewer adaptation resources to environmental factors. In addition, senile samples showed increased nuclear Tau interacting with aged chromatin, likely favoring DNA repair and maintaining genomic stability. However, at late AD stages, the progressive disappearance of phosphorylated Tau forms in the nucleus, increased chromatin disorganization, and increased nuclear autophagy support a model of biphasic neurogenesis in AD. Therefore, designing therapies to alleviate the neuronal nuclear pathology might be the only pathway to a true rejuvenation of brain circuits.
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27
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Tao X, Sun R, Han C, Gong W. Cognitive-motor dual task: An effective rehabilitation method in aging-related cognitive impairment. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1051056. [PMID: 36329873 PMCID: PMC9623044 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1051056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Tao
- Department of Research, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruifeng Sun
- Beijing Rehabilitation Medicine Academy, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Conglin Han
- Rehabilitation Medicine Academy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Weijun Gong
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Weijun Gong
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28
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Rêgo DDSB, Silva CS, Mello LEAM, Leslie ATFS. Early life nociceptive stimulus and fentanyl exposure increase hippocampal neurogenesis and anxiety but do not affect spatial learning and memory. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:988096. [PMID: 36248634 PMCID: PMC9557065 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.988096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine whether preemptive fentanyl administration in neonatal rats reduces the impact of a nociceptive stimulus initiated during the first day of life (P1) on hippocampal neurogenesis, behavior, and learning. At P1, Wistar rat pups received either a subcutaneous injection of fentanyl (F) before intraplantar injection of complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) (CFA + F group), an isolated injection of CFA (CFA group), or subcutaneous injection of fentanyl without CFA injection (F). Control animals received saline injections using the same route and volume as the treatment groups. Hippocampal neurogenesis was evaluated by 5′ –bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) staining on P10 and P39 to assess neuronal proliferation and survival, respectively. Anxiety behavior in adulthood was assessed using an open field test (OF) and an elevated plus maze test (EPM). Spatial memory was assessed on a Morris water maze test (MWM), where the animals were trained for seven days, beginning on P81, and the probe trial was performed to evaluate memory retention. Although the CFA + F group showed an increased number of proliferative cells on P10, this finding did not persist on P39. The CFA + F group spent more time in the closed arms in the EPM, revealing more anxious behavior, although the early noxious experience, both with and without fentanyl, did not alter neurogenesis in adolescence and learning in adulthood. This study highlights that the impact of pain in early life pain combined with fentanyl on hippocampal neurogenesis on P10 did not persist on P39. In addition, this combined intervention during the first week of life was associated with higher anxiety levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clivandir S. Silva
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Eugenio A. M. Mello
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto D’Or de Pesquisa e Ensino, IDOr, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Teresa Figueiredo Stochero Leslie
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departmento de Pediatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Ana Teresa Figueiredo Stochero Leslie,
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We review recent work on applications of non-pharmacologic strategies to promote cognitive health in older adulthood and discuss potential network mechanisms, limitations, and considerations for improving intervention uptake and efficacy. RECENT FINDINGS In healthy older adults and patients with mild cognitive impairment, cognitive training produces global and domain-specific cognitive gains, though effect sizes tend to be modest and transfer is variable. Non-invasive brain stimulation has shown moderate success in enhancing cognitive function, though the optimum approach, parameters, and cortical targets require further investigation. Physical activity improves cognitive functions in late life, with emerging trials highlighting key intervention components that may maximize treatment outcomes. Multimodal interventions may be superior to single-component interventions in conferring cognitive gains, although interpretation is limited by modest sample sizes and variability in training components and parameters. Across modalities, individual differences in patient characteristics predict therapeutic response. These interventions may advance cognitive health by modulating functional networks that support core cognitive abilities including the default mode, executive control, and salience networks. Effectiveness of cognitive enhancement strategies may be increased with clinician-led coaching, booster sessions, gamification, integration of multiple intervention modalities, and concrete applications to everyday functioning. Future trials involving rigorous comparisons of training components, parameters, and delivery formats will be essential in establishing the precise approaches needed to maximize cognitive outcomes. Novel studies using patient-level clinical and neuroimaging features to predict individual differences in training gains may inform the development of personalized intervention prescriptions to optimize cognitive health in late life.
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30
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Liu H, Wei T, Huang Q, Liu W, Yang Y, Jin Y, Wu D, Yuan K, Zhang P. The roles, mechanism, and mobilization strategy of endogenous neural stem cells in brain injury. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:924262. [PMID: 36062152 PMCID: PMC9428262 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.924262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain injury poses a heavy disease burden in the world, resulting in chronic deficits. Therapies for brain injuries have been focused on pharmacologic, small molecule, endocrine and cell-based therapies. Endogenous neural stem cells (eNSCs) are a group of stem cells which can be activated in vivo by damage, neurotrophic factors, physical factor stimulation, and physical exercise. The activated eNSCs can proliferate, migrate and differentiate into neuron, oligodendrocyte and astrocyte, and play an important role in brain injury repair and neural plasticity. The roles of eNSCs in the repair of brain injury include but are not limited to ameliorating cognitive function, improving learning and memory function, and promoting functional gait behaviors. The activation and mobilization of eNSCs is important to the repair of injured brain. In this review we describe the current knowledge of the common character of brain injury, the roles and mechanism of eNSCs in brain injury. And then we discuss the current mobilization strategy of eNSCs following brain injury. We hope that a comprehensive awareness of the roles and mobilization strategy of eNSCs in the repair of cerebral ischemia may help to find some new therapeutic targets and strategy for treatment of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Massage for Treatment of Encephalopathy, College of Acupuncture, Tuina and Rehabilitation, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Tao Wei
- Library, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- School of Continuing Education, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Qin Huang
- Department of Teaching Affairs and Administration, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yaopeng Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yuxi, China
| | - Yaju Jin
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Massage for Treatment of Encephalopathy, College of Acupuncture, Tuina and Rehabilitation, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Danli Wu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Massage for Treatment of Encephalopathy, College of Acupuncture, Tuina and Rehabilitation, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Kai Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Massage for Treatment of Encephalopathy, College of Acupuncture, Tuina and Rehabilitation, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Kai Yuan,
| | - Pengyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Massage for Treatment of Encephalopathy, College of Acupuncture, Tuina and Rehabilitation, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
- Pengyue Zhang,
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31
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Hortobágyi T, Vetrovsky T, Balbim GM, Sorte Silva NCB, Manca A, Deriu F, Kolmos M, Kruuse C, Liu-Ambrose T, Radák Z, Váczi M, Johansson H, Dos Santos PCR, Franzén E, Granacher U. The impact of aerobic and resistance training intensity on markers of neuroplasticity in health and disease. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 80:101698. [PMID: 35853549 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of low- vs. high-intensity aerobic and resistance training on motor and cognitive function, brain activation, brain structure, and neurochemical markers of neuroplasticity and the association thereof in healthy young and older adults and in patients with multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and stroke. DESIGN Systematic review and robust variance estimation meta-analysis with meta-regression. DATA SOURCES Systematic search of MEDLINE, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases. RESULTS Fifty studies with 60 intervention arms and 2283 in-analyses participants were included. Due to the low number of studies, the three patient groups were combined and analyzed as a single group. Overall, low- (g=0.19, p = 0.024) and high-intensity exercise (g=0.40, p = 0.001) improved neuroplasticity. Exercise intensity scaled with neuroplasticity only in healthy young adults but not in healthy older adults or patient groups. Exercise-induced improvements in neuroplasticity were associated with changes in motor but not cognitive outcomes. CONCLUSION Exercise intensity is an important variable to dose and individualize the exercise stimulus for healthy young individuals but not necessarily for healthy older adults and neurological patients. This conclusion warrants caution because studies are needed that directly compare the effects of low- vs. high-intensity exercise on neuroplasticity to determine if such changes are mechanistically and incrementally linked to improved cognition and motor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Hortobágyi
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen Medical Center, Groningen, the Netherlands; Somogy County Kaposi Mór Teaching Hospital, Kaposvár, Hungary; Department of Sport Biology, Institute of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Pécs, Hungary; Division of Training and Movement Sciences, Research Focus Cognition Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany; Hungarian University of Sports Science, Department of Kinesiology, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Tomas Vetrovsky
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Guilherme Moraes Balbim
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Nárlon Cássio Boa Sorte Silva
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Andrea Manca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Franca Deriu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy; Unit of Endocrinology, Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders, AOU Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Mia Kolmos
- Neurovascular Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christina Kruuse
- Neurovascular Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Teresa Liu-Ambrose
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Zsolt Radák
- Research Center of Molecular Exercise Science, Hungarian University of Sport Science, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márk Váczi
- Department of Sport Biology, Institute of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Pécs, Hungary
| | - Hanna Johansson
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Women's Health and Allied Health Professionals Theme, Medical Unit Occupational Therapy & Physiotherapy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Erika Franzén
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Women's Health and Allied Health Professionals Theme, Medical Unit Occupational Therapy & Physiotherapy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Urs Granacher
- Division of Training and Movement Sciences, Research Focus Cognition Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
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32
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Cheng ST, Liu S, Ou-Yang B, Dai XY, Cheng L. Specific Effects of Characteristics of Enriched Environment on Innovative Problem Solving by Animals. Psychol Sci 2022; 33:1097-1111. [PMID: 35776087 DOI: 10.1177/09567976211070562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have revealed that an enriched environment can enhance the survival-related behaviors and brain functions of animals. However, the effects and specific roles of the enrichment characteristics on animals' innovative capability, a cognitive ability crucial for survival in nature, are still not well known. In this study, we assigned mice to environment-manipulation groups (n = 15 each) to investigate the specific effects of environmental novelty (novel vs. familiar) and environmental complexity (complex vs. normal) on innovative problem solving and its possible neural mechanisms. Results showed that mice in only the novel-environment group performed better at innovative-problem-solving tasks and showed greater numbers of novel explorations and dopaminergic projections from the ventral tegmental area to the nucleus accumbens in the brain. These findings indicate that an enriched environment has the potential to promote the innovative capability of mice by enhancing their novel exploratory motivation, which depends on the novelty of the environment but not its complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha-Te Cheng
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University.,Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior, Ministry of Education, Central China Normal University
| | - Sha Liu
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University.,Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior, Ministry of Education, Central China Normal University
| | - Bo Ou-Yang
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University.,Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior, Ministry of Education, Central China Normal University
| | - Xin-Yu Dai
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University.,Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior, Ministry of Education, Central China Normal University
| | - Liang Cheng
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University.,Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior, Ministry of Education, Central China Normal University
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33
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Poptsi E, Tsatali M, Agogiatou C, Bakoglidou E, Batsila G, Dellaporta D, Kounti-Zafeiropoulou F, Liapi D, Lysitsas K, Markou N, Mouzakidis C, Ouzouni F, Papasozomenou C, Soumpourou A, Vasiloglou M, Zafeiropoulos S, Tsolaki M. Longitudinal Cognitive and Physical Training Effectiveness in MCI, Based on the Experience of the Alzheimer's Hellas Day Care Centre. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2022; 35:512-526. [PMID: 34060355 DOI: 10.1177/08919887211016057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This study assesses the effectiveness of a multicomponent Longitudinal Cognitive Training (CT) program plus physical exercise (PE) for people with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). 155 people with MCI, completed a 3 years (3Y) CT+PE, whilst 133 were control. Neuropsychological assessment was performed at baseline and 3 years later, whilst CT+PE had additional annual assessments. According to the results, the 3Y CT+PE outperformed control in cognitive abilities (p < 0.002), and Activities of Daily Living (ADL) (p < 0.001), stabilized their functional performances between 1st and 2nd year, but worsened in working and verbal memory between 2nd and 3 rd year (p < 0.002). Control deteriorated in cognitive functions (p < 0.001) and ADL (p < 0.001) after 3 years, whilst 1.33% of the experimental and 13.53% of the control group progressed to dementia (p < 0.001). Longitudinal CT+PE improves cognitive performance and ADL in MCI and delay the progression to dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Poptsi
- Greek Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Marianna Tsatali
- Greek Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Thessaloniki, Greece.,University of Sheffield International Faculty, City College, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christina Agogiatou
- Greek Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evaggelia Bakoglidou
- Greek Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgia Batsila
- Greek Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dionysia Dellaporta
- Greek Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Despoina Liapi
- Greek Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Lysitsas
- Greek Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nefeli Markou
- Greek Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christos Mouzakidis
- Greek Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Fani Ouzouni
- Greek Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Chrysa Papasozomenou
- Greek Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Soumpourou
- Greek Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Vasiloglou
- Greek Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stavros Zafeiropoulos
- Greek Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- Greek Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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34
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Coughlin C, Ben-Asher E, Roome HE, Varga NL, Moreau MM, Schneider LL, Preston AR. Interpersonal Family Dynamics Relate to Hippocampal CA Subfield Structure. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:872101. [PMID: 35784846 PMCID: PMC9247275 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.872101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Social environments that are extremely enriched or adverse can influence hippocampal volume. Though most individuals experience social environments that fall somewhere in between these extremes, substantially less is known about the influence of normative variation in social environments on hippocampal structure. Here, we examined whether hippocampal volume tracks normative variation in interpersonal family dynamics in 7- to 12-year-olds and adults recruited from the general population. We focused on interpersonal family dynamics as a prominent feature of one's social world. Given evidence that CA1 and CA2 play a key role in tracking social information, we related individual hippocampal subfield volumes to interpersonal family dynamics. More positive perceptions of interpersonal family dynamics were associated with greater CA1 and CA2/3 volume regardless of age and controlling for socioeconomic status. These data suggest that CA subfields are sensitive to normative variation in social environments and identify interpersonal family dynamics as an impactful environmental feature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Coughlin
- Center for Learning and Memory, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Eliya Ben-Asher
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Hannah E. Roome
- Center for Learning and Memory, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Nicole L. Varga
- Center for Learning and Memory, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Michelle M. Moreau
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Lauren L. Schneider
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Alison R. Preston
- Center for Learning and Memory, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
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35
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Culig L, Chu X, Bohr VA. Neurogenesis in aging and age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 78:101636. [PMID: 35490966 PMCID: PMC9168971 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis, the process by which neurons are generated in certain areas of the adult brain, declines in an age-dependent manner and is one potential target for extending cognitive healthspan. Aging is a major risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases and, as lifespans are increasing, these health challenges are becoming more prevalent. An age-associated loss in neural stem cell number and/or activity could cause this decline in brain function, so interventions that reverse aging in stem cells might increase the human cognitive healthspan. In this review, we describe the involvement of adult neurogenesis in neurodegenerative diseases and address the molecular mechanistic aspects of neurogenesis that involve some of the key aggregation-prone proteins in the brain (i.e., tau, Aβ, α-synuclein, …). We summarize the research pertaining to interventions that increase neurogenesis and regulate known targets in aging research, such as mTOR and sirtuins. Lastly, we share our outlook on restoring the levels of neurogenesis to physiological levels in elderly individuals and those with neurodegeneration. We suggest that modulating neurogenesis represents a potential target for interventions that could help in the fight against neurodegeneration and cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Culig
- Section on DNA Repair, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Xixia Chu
- Section on DNA Repair, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Vilhelm A Bohr
- Section on DNA Repair, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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36
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Yang Z, Zhang W, Liu D, Zhang SS, Tang Y, Song J, Long J, Yang J, Jiang H, Li Y, Liu X, Lü Y, Ding F. Effects of Sport Stacking on Neuropsychological, Neurobiological, and Brain Function Performances in Patients With Mild Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:910261. [PMID: 35645781 PMCID: PMC9133718 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.910261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effects of sport stacking on the overall cognition and brain function in patients with mild Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods A single-blind randomized controlled design was performed using sport stacking for 30 min, 5 days/week for 12 weeks. Forty-eight subjects with mild AD or MCI were randomly divided into the sport stacking group (T-mAD = 12, T-MCI = 12) and the active control group (C-mAD = 11, C-MCI = 13). Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT), Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study–Activities of Daily Living scale (ADCS-ADL), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-30), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were performed, the level of amyloid β-protein-40 (Aβ-40), Aβ-42, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), and soluble trigger receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (sTREM2) in plasma were tested, and brain functional connectivity in resting state and activation under finger movement task were analyzed by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Results Thirty-nine patients completed the trial. After 4 weeks, we found a significant increase in AVLT score in T-MCI (6.36 ± 5.08 vs. −1.11 ± 4.23, p = 0.004), and T-mAD group (4.60 ± 4.77 vs. −0.11 ± 2.89, p = 0.039). After 12 weeks, there was a significantly improved in AVLT (9.64 ± 4.90 vs. −0.33 ± 6.10, p = 0.002) and ADCS-ADL (3.36 ± 3.59 vs. −1.89 ± 2.71, p = 0.003) in T-MCI. There was a significant improvement in AVLT (5.30 ± 5.42 vs. 0.44 ± 2.40) in T-mAD (p < 0.05). Plasma levels of BDNF were upregulated in both T-MCI and T-mAD, and IGF-1 increased in T-MCI (P < 0.05) compared to the control groups. The functional connectivity in MCI patients between DLPFC.R and SCA.R, SMA.L, and SCA.R was decreased. In contrast, in mAD patients, the brain regional function connection was increased between DLPFC.R and Broca's.L. The activation of channel 36 located in the left primary somatosensory cortex was significantly increased after 12-week training, which was correlated with the improved AVLT and the increase of BDNF. Conclusion Our findings suggested that sport stacking is effective for patients with MCI and mild AD, possibly through increasing the expression of neuroprotective growth factors and enhancing neural plasticity to improve neurocognitive performance. Clinical Trial Registration https://www.ClinicalTrials.gov, ChiCTR.org.cn, identifier: ChiCTR-2100045980.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziying Yang
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dunxiu Liu
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shan-shan Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong Tang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiaqi Song
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinfeng Long
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yaling Li
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xintong Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Lü
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Yang Lü
| | - Fu Ding
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Fu Ding
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37
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Scarapicchia V, MacDonald S, Gawryluk JR. The relationship between cardiovascular risk and lifestyle activities on hippocampal volumes in normative aging. AGING BRAIN 2022; 2:100033. [PMID: 36908897 PMCID: PMC9999441 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbas.2022.100033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the life-course perspective of popular aging models, few studies on healthy aging to date have examined both younger and older adulthood. The current study examined how cumulative vascular risk factors and self-reported levels of physical, social, and cognitive activity are associated with differences in hippocampal volumes in healthy younger and older adults. Methods 34 neurologically healthy participants were separated into two age cohorts: a younger adult group (age 25-35, n = 17) and an older adult group (age 65-82, n = 17). Participants underwent a 3 T T1 MRI and completed a series of questionnaires. Voxel-based morphometry examined whole-brain grey matter density differences between groups. Hippocampal volumes were computed. Analyses examined the association between hippocampal volumes, cumulative vascular risk, and self-reported levels of physical, social, and cognitive activity, both within and across groups. Results Between-group comparisons revealed greater cortical atrophy in older relative to young adults in regions including the left and right hippocampus and temporal fusiform cortex. Across-group analyses revealed a significant negative association between cardiovascular risk scores and bilateral hippocampal volumes across age groups. A significant negative association was identified between frequency of social activities and bilateral hippocampal volumes in older adults only. No significant associations were found between left or right hippocampal volumes and total, cognitive, or physical activities in both within- and across-group analyses. Conclusion Greater cumulative vascular risk is associated with smaller hippocampal volumes across age cohorts. Findings suggest that social activities with low cognitive load may not be beneficial to structural brain outcomes in older age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Scarapicchia
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.,Institute on Aging and Lifelong Health, University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stuart MacDonald
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.,Institute on Aging and Lifelong Health, University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jodie R Gawryluk
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.,Institute on Aging and Lifelong Health, University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.,Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
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38
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Jiang S, Wang YQ, Tang Y, Lu X, Guo D. Environmental Enrichment Protects Against Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy-Induced Learning and Memory Deficits by Enhancing the Synthesis and Release of Vasopressin in the Supraoptic Nucleus. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:363-379. [PMID: 35079222 PMCID: PMC8776728 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s345108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As a severe complication of sepsis, sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) usually manifests as impaired learning and memory ability in survivors. Previous studies have reported that environmental enrichment (EE) can increase the learning and memory ability in different brain injury models. However, there has been no research on the possible positive effect of EE on SAE. Aim The present study aimed to test the effect of EE on SAE-induced impairment of learning and memory and its related mechanisms. Methods A Morris water maze test (MWM) was used to evaluate the learning and memory ability of SAE rats that received EE housing or not. The expression of vasopressin (VP) was assessed using immunofluorescence microscopy and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). The synthesis of VP in the supraoptic nucleus (SON) was determined using quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR analysis. Moreover, inflammatory markers and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were detected using ELISA. Results The results showed that SAE induced a decreased learning and memory ability, while EE reversed this impairment. EE also enhanced the synthesis and secretion of VP in the SON. Blocking the action of VP in the hippocampus interrupted the EE-induced amelioration of learning and memory impairment. Moreover, EE induced changes to the levels of BDNF and cytokines in the hippocampus and these effects were mediated by VP binding to the VP receptor 1a. Conclusion Our findings demonstrated that the enhanced synthesis and secretion of VP in the SON are a key determinant responsible for EE-induced alleviation of learning and memory deficits caused by SAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jiang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Shan Jiang, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2 Ying Hua Yuan East Street, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 10 84205288, Fax +86 10 64217749, Email
| | - Yong-Qiang Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Sunshine Union Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, 261071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yifei Tang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi Lu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Guo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of China
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Almeida Barros WM, de Sousa Fernandes MS, Silva RKP, da Silva KG, da Silva Souza AP, Rodrigues Marques Silva M, da Silva ABJ, Jurema Santos GC, Dos Santos MERA, do Carmo TS, de Souza SL, de Oliveira Nogueira Souza V. Does the enriched environment alter memory capacity in malnourished rats by modulating BDNF expression? J Appl Biomed 2021; 19:125-132. [PMID: 34907761 DOI: 10.32725/jab.2021.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental factors interfere in the neural plasticity processes. Among these, malnutrition in the early stages of life stands out as one of the main non-genetic factors that can interfere in the morphofunctional development of the nervous system. Furthermore, sensory stimulation from enriched environments (EE) also interferes with neural development. These two factors can modify areas related to memory and learning as the hippocampus, through mechanisms related to the gene expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The BDNF may interfere in synaptic plasticity processes, such as memory. In addition, these changes in early life may affect the functioning of the hippocampus during adulthood through mechanisms mediated by BDNF. Therefore, this study aims to conduct a literature review on the effects of early malnutrition on memory and the relationship between the underlying mechanisms of EE, BDNF gene expression, and memory. In addition, there are studies that demonstrate the effect of EE reversal on exposure to changes in the functioning of hippocampal malnutrition in adult rats that were prematurely malnourished. Thereby, evidence from the scientific literature suggests that the mechanisms of synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus of adult animals are influenced by malnutrition and EE, and these alterations may involve the participation of BDNF as a key regulator in memory processes in the adult animal hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleska Maria Almeida Barros
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Programa de Pos-graduacao em Neuropsiquiatria e Ciencias do Comportamento, Recife, Brasil.,Centro Universitario Facol / Centro Integrado de Tecnologias em Neurociencia (CITENC), Vitoria de Santo Antao, Brasil
| | | | - Roberta Karlize Pereira Silva
- Centro Universitario Facol / Centro Integrado de Tecnologias em Neurociencia (CITENC), Vitoria de Santo Antao, Brasil
| | - Karollainy Gomes da Silva
- Centro Universitario Facol / Centro Integrado de Tecnologias em Neurociencia (CITENC), Vitoria de Santo Antao, Brasil
| | - Ana Patricia da Silva Souza
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Programa de Pos-graduacao em Neuropsiquiatria e Ciencias do Comportamento, Recife, Brasil.,Centro Universitario Facol / Centro Integrado de Tecnologias em Neurociencia (CITENC), Vitoria de Santo Antao, Brasil
| | - Mariluce Rodrigues Marques Silva
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Programa de Pos-graduacao em Neuropsiquiatria e Ciencias do Comportamento, Recife, Brasil.,Centro Universitario Facol / Centro Integrado de Tecnologias em Neurociencia (CITENC), Vitoria de Santo Antao, Brasil
| | - Ana Beatriz Januario da Silva
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Programa de Pos-graduacao em Neuropsiquiatria e Ciencias do Comportamento, Recife, Brasil.,Centro Universitario Facol / Centro Integrado de Tecnologias em Neurociencia (CITENC), Vitoria de Santo Antao, Brasil
| | | | | | - Taciane Silva do Carmo
- Centro Universitario Facol / Centro Integrado de Tecnologias em Neurociencia (CITENC), Vitoria de Santo Antao, Brasil
| | - Sandra Lopes de Souza
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Programa de Pos-graduacao em Neuropsiquiatria e Ciencias do Comportamento, Recife, Brasil
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40
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Sekeres MJ, Bradley-Garcia M, Martinez-Canabal A, Winocur G. Chemotherapy-Induced Cognitive Impairment and Hippocampal Neurogenesis: A Review of Physiological Mechanisms and Interventions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12697. [PMID: 34884513 PMCID: PMC8657487 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide range of cognitive deficits, including memory loss associated with hippocampal dysfunction, have been widely reported in cancer survivors who received chemotherapy. Changes in both white matter and gray matter volume have been observed following chemotherapy treatment, with reduced volume in the medial temporal lobe thought to be due in part to reductions in hippocampal neurogenesis. Pre-clinical rodent models confirm that common chemotherapeutic agents used to treat various forms of non-CNS cancers reduce rates of hippocampal neurogenesis and impair performance on hippocampally-mediated learning and memory tasks. We review the pre-clinical rodent literature to identify how various chemotherapeutic drugs affect hippocampal neurogenesis and induce cognitive impairment. We also review factors such as physical exercise and environmental stimulation that may protect against chemotherapy-induced neurogenic suppression and hippocampal neurotoxicity. Finally, we review pharmacological interventions that target the hippocampus and are designed to prevent or reduce the cognitive and neurotoxic side effects of chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alonso Martinez-Canabal
- Cell Biology Department, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Gordon Winocur
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Center, Toronto, ON M6A 2E1, Canada;
- Department of Psychology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Trent University, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada
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41
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Xie J, Jiang L, Li Y, Chen B, Li F, Jiang Y, Gao D, Deng L, Lv X, Ma X, Yin G, Yao D, Xu P. Rehabilitation of motor function in children with cerebral palsy based on motor imagery. Cogn Neurodyn 2021; 15:939-948. [PMID: 34790263 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-021-09672-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To promote the rehabilitation of motor function in children with cerebral palsy (CP), we developed motor imagery (MI) based training system to assist their motor rehabilitation. Eighteen CP children, ten in short- and eight in long-term rehabilitation, participated in our study. In short-term rehabilitation, every 2 days, the MI datasets were collected; whereas the duration of two adjacency MI experiments was ten days in the long-term protocol. Meanwhile, within two adjacency experiments, CP children were requested to daily rehabilitate the motor function based on our system for 30 min. In both strategies, the promoted motor information processing was observed. In terms of the relative signal power spectra, a main effect of time was revealed, as the promoted power spectra were found for the last time of MI recording, compared to that of the first one, which first validated the effectiveness of our intervention. Moreover, as for network efficiency related to the motor information processing, compared to the first MI, the increased network properties were found for the last MI, especially in long-term rehabilitation in which CP children experienced a more obvious efficiency promotion. These findings did validate that our MI-based rehabilitation system has the potential for CP children to assist their motor rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Xie
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
| | - Lin Jiang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
| | - Yanan Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
| | - Baodan Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
| | - Fali Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
| | - Yuanling Jiang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
| | - Dongrui Gao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
- School of Computer Science, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, 611731 China
| | - Lili Deng
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
| | - XuLin Lv
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
| | - XianKun Ma
- Sichuan Rehabilitation Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Yin
- School of Medicine, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- No. 2006, Xiyuan Ave, West Hi-Tech Zone, Chengdu, 611731 Sichuan China
| | - Dezhong Yao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
- No. 2006, Xiyuan Ave, West Hi-Tech Zone, Chengdu, 611731 Sichuan China
| | - Peng Xu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
- No. 2006, Xiyuan Ave, West Hi-Tech Zone, Chengdu, 611731 Sichuan China
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42
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Langella S, Mucha PJ, Giovanello KS, Dayan E. The association between hippocampal volume and memory in pathological aging is mediated by functional redundancy. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 108:179-188. [PMID: 34614422 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Hippocampal neurodegeneration, a primary component of Alzheimer's disease pathology, relates to poor cognition; however, the mechanisms underlying this relationship are not well understood. Using a sample of cognitively normal older adults and individuals with mild cognitive impairment, this study aims to determine the topological properties of functional networks accompanying hippocampal atrophy in aging, along with their association to cognition and clinical progression. We considered two conceptually differing topological properties: redundancy (the existence of alternative channels of functional commutation) and local efficiency (the efficiency of local information exchange). Hippocampal redundancy, but not local efficiency, mediated the association between low hippocampal volume and low memory in both the whole sample and in ß-amyloid positive participants. Additionally, participants with high hippocampal volume, redundancy, and memory clustered separately from those with low values on all three measures, with the latter group showing higher conversion rates to dementia within three years. Together, these results demonstrate that reduced hippocampal redundancy is one mechanism through which hippocampal atrophy associates with memory impairment in healthy and pathological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Langella
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Peter J Mucha
- Department of Mathematics, Dartmouth College, NH 03755, USA
| | - Kelly S Giovanello
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Eran Dayan
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA; Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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43
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Savage LM, Nunes PT, Gursky ZH, Milbocker KA, Klintsova AY. Midline Thalamic Damage Associated with Alcohol-Use Disorders: Disruption of Distinct Thalamocortical Pathways and Function. Neuropsychol Rev 2021; 31:447-471. [PMID: 32789537 PMCID: PMC7878584 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-020-09450-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The thalamus, a significant part of the diencephalon, is a symmetrical and bilateral central brain structure. The thalamus is subdivided into three major groups of nuclei based on their function: sensorimotor nuclei (or principal/relay nuclei), limbic nuclei and nuclei bridging these two domains. Anatomically, nuclei within the thalamus are described by their location, such as anterior, medial, lateral, ventral, and posterior. In this review, we summarize the role of medial and midline thalamus in cognition, ranging from learning and memory to flexible adaptation. We focus on the discoveries in animal models of alcohol-related brain damage, which identify the loss of neurons in the medial and midline thalamus as drivers of cognitive dysfunction associated with alcohol use disorders. Models of developmental ethanol exposure and models of adult alcohol-related brain damage and are compared and contrasted, and it was revealed that there are similar (anterior thalamus) and different (intralaminar [adult exposure] versus ventral midline [developmental exposure]) thalamic pathology, as well as disruptions of thalamo-hippocampal and thalamo-cortical circuits. The final part of the review summarizes approaches to recover alcohol-related brain damage and cognitive and behavioral outcomes. These approaches include pharmacological, nutritional and behavioral interventions that demonstrated the potential to mitigate alcohol-related damage. In summary, the medial/midline thalamus is a significant contributor to cognition function, which is also sensitive to alcohol-related brain damage across the life span, and plays a role in alcohol-related cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Savage
- Developmental Ethanol Alcohol Research Center, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, 13902-6000, USA.
| | - Polliana T Nunes
- Developmental Ethanol Alcohol Research Center, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, 13902-6000, USA
| | - Zachary H Gursky
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Katrina A Milbocker
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Anna Y Klintsova
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
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44
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Mahjong Playing and Leisure Physical Activity Alleviate Cognitive Symptoms in Older Community Residents. J Aging Phys Act 2021; 30:89-97. [PMID: 34388703 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2020-0383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Leisure activities, particularly physically and cognitively stimulating leisure activities, mitigate cognitive decline. The present study aimed to examine the relationship between mahjong playing, leisure physical activity, and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Older adults with and without MCI were recruited (n = 489, healthy group; and n = 187, MCI group). The regression results showed that years of mahjong playing (odds ratio = 0.595, 95% confidence interval [0.376, 0.961], p = .032) and physical activity (odds ratio = 0.572, 95% confidence interval [0.381, 0.849], p = .012) were associated with reduced odds of having MCI after adjusting for a series of covariates. Leisure physical activity and mahjong playing interacted with each other and produced combined effects on the odds of having MCI. Combined cognitive and physical interventions may produce larger benefits on cognition than either intervention alone.
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45
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Rule L, Yang J, Watkin H, Hall J, Brydges NM. Environmental enrichment rescues survival and function of adult-born neurons following early life stress. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:1898-1908. [PMID: 32286496 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0718-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Adverse experiences early in life are associated with the development of psychiatric illnesses. The hippocampus is likely to play pivotal role in generating these effects: it undergoes significant development during childhood and is extremely reactive to stress. In rodent models, stress in the pre-pubertal period impairs adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) and behaviours which rely on this process. In normal adult animals, environmental enrichment (EE) is a potent promoter of AHN and hippocampal function. Whether exposure to EE during adolescence can restore normal hippocampal function and AHN following pre-pubertal stress (PPS) is unknown. We investigated EE as a treatment for reduced AHN and hippocampal function following PPS in a rodent model. Stress was administered between post-natal days (PND) 25-27, EE from PND 35 to early adulthood, when behavioural testing and assessment of AHN took place. PPS enhanced fear reactions to a conditioned stimulus (CS) following a trace fear protocol and reduced the survival of 4-week-old adult-born neurons throughout the adult hippocampus. Furthermore, we show that fewer adult-born neurons were active during recall of the CS stimulus following PPS. All effects were reversed by EE. Our results demonstrate lasting effects of PPS on the hippocampus and highlight the utility of EE during adolescence for restoring normal hippocampal function. EE during adolescence is a promising method of enhancing impaired hippocampal function resulting from early life stress, and due to multiple benefits (low cost, few side effects, widespread availability) should be more thoroughly explored as a treatment option in human sufferers of childhood adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lowenna Rule
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Jessica Yang
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Holly Watkin
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Jeremy Hall
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK.,MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Nichola Marie Brydges
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK.
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46
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Normann MC, Cox M, Akinbo OI, Watanasriyakul WT, Kovalev D, Ciosek S, Miller T, Grippo AJ. Differential paraventricular nucleus activation and behavioral responses to social isolation in prairie voles following environmental enrichment with and without physical exercise. Soc Neurosci 2021; 16:375-390. [PMID: 33947321 DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2021.1926320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Social stressors produce neurobiological and emotional consequences in social species. Environmental interventions, such as environmental enrichment and exercise, may modulate physiological and behavioral stress responses. The present study investigated the benefits of environmental enrichment and exercise against social stress in the socially monogamous prairie vole. Female prairie voles remained paired with a sibling (control) or were isolated from a sibling for 4 weeks. The isolated groups were assigned to isolated sedentary, isolated with environmental enrichment, or isolated with both enrichment and exercise conditions. Behaviors related to depression, anxiety, and sociality were investigated using the forced swim test (FST), elevated plus maze (EPM), and a social crowding stressor (SCS), respectively. cFos expression was evaluated in stress-related circuitry following the SCS. Both enrichment and enrichment with exercise protected against depression-relevant behaviors in the FST and social behavioral disruptions in the SCS, but only enrichment with exercise protected against anxiety-related behaviors in the EPM and altered cFos expression in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus in isolated prairie voles. Enrichment may improve emotion-related and social behaviors, however physical exercise may be an important component of environmental strategies for protecting against anxiety-related behaviors and reducing neural activation as a function of social stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marigny C Normann
- Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
| | - Miranda Cox
- Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
| | - Oreoluwa I Akinbo
- Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
| | | | - Dmitry Kovalev
- Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
| | - Sarah Ciosek
- Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
| | - Thomas Miller
- Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
| | - Angela J Grippo
- Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
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47
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Gerosa L, Lombardi G. Bone-to-Brain: A Round Trip in the Adaptation to Mechanical Stimuli. Front Physiol 2021; 12:623893. [PMID: 33995117 PMCID: PMC8120436 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.623893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides the classical ones (support/protection, hematopoiesis, storage for calcium, and phosphate) multiple roles emerged for bone tissue, definitively making it an organ. Particularly, the endocrine function, and in more general terms, the capability to sense and integrate different stimuli and to send signals to other tissues, has highlighted the importance of bone in homeostasis. Bone is highly innervated and hosts all nervous system branches; bone cells are sensitive to most of neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, and neurohormones that directly affect their metabolic activity and sensitivity to mechanical stimuli. Indeed, bone is the principal mechanosensitive organ. Thanks to the mechanosensing resident cells, and particularly osteocytes, mechanical stimulation induces metabolic responses in bone forming (osteoblasts) and bone resorbing (osteoclasts) cells that allow the adaptation of the affected bony segment to the changing environment. Once stimulated, bone cells express and secrete, or liberate from the entrapping matrix, several mediators (osteokines) that induce responses on distant targets. Brain is a target of some of these mediator [e.g., osteocalcin, lipocalin2, sclerostin, Dickkopf-related protein 1 (Dkk1), and fibroblast growth factor 23], as most of them can cross the blood-brain barrier. For others, a role in brain has been hypothesized, but not yet demonstrated. As exercise effectively modifies the release and the circulating levels of these osteokines, it has been hypothesized that some of the beneficial effects of exercise on brain functions may be associated to such a bone-to-brain communication. This hypothesis hides an interesting clinical clue: may well-addressed physical activities support the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases?
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giovanni Lombardi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy.,Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
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48
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Formation and integration of new neurons in the adult hippocampus. Nat Rev Neurosci 2021; 22:223-236. [PMID: 33633402 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-021-00433-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) generate new neurons throughout life in the mammalian brain. Adult-born neurons shape brain function, and endogenous NSCs could potentially be harnessed for brain repair. In this Review, focused on hippocampal neurogenesis in rodents, we highlight recent advances in the field based on novel technologies (including single-cell RNA sequencing, intravital imaging and functional observation of newborn cells in behaving mice) and characterize the distinct developmental steps from stem cell activation to the integration of newborn neurons into pre-existing circuits. Further, we review current knowledge of how levels of neurogenesis are regulated, discuss findings regarding survival and maturation of adult-born cells and describe how newborn neurons affect brain function. The evidence arguing for (and against) lifelong neurogenesis in the human hippocampus is briefly summarized. Finally, we provide an outlook of what is needed to improve our understanding of the mechanisms and functional consequences of adult neurogenesis and how the field may move towards more translational relevance in the context of acute and chronic neural injury and stem cell-based brain repair.
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49
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Abstract
The search for human cognitive uniqueness often relied on low ecological tests with subjects experiencing unnatural ontogeny. Recently, neuroscience demonstrated the significance of a rich environment on the development of brain structures and cognitive abilities. This stresses the importance to consider the prior knowledge that subjects bring in any experiment. Second, recent developments in multivariate statistics control precisely for a number of factors and their interactions. Making controls in natural observations equivalent and sometimes superior to captive experimental studies without the drawbacks of the latter methods. Thus, we can now investigate complex cognition by accounting for many different factors, as required when solving tasks in nature. Combining both progresses allows us to move toward an “experience-specific cognition”, recognizing that cognition varies extensively in nature as individuals adapt to the precise challenges they experience in life. Such cognitive specialization makes cross-species comparisons more complex, while potentially identifying human cognitive uniqueness.
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50
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Bray MJC, Sharma B, Cottrelle's J, Peters ME, Bayley M, Green REA. Hippocampal atrophy is associated with psychotic symptom severity following traumatic brain injury. Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcab026. [PMID: 33977261 PMCID: PMC8098106 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychosis is a rare, but particularly serious sequela of traumatic brain injury. However, little is known as to the neurobiological processes that may contribute to its onset. Early evidence suggests that psychotic symptom development after traumatic brain injury may co-occur with hippocampal degeneration, invoking the possibility of a relationship. Particularly regarding the hippocampal head, these degenerative changes may lead to dysregulation in dopaminergic circuits, as is reported in psychoses due to schizophrenia, resulting in the positive symptom profile typically seen in post-injury psychosis. The objective of this study was to examine change in hippocampal volume and psychotic symptoms across time in a sample of moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury patients. We hypothesized that hippocampal volume loss would be associated with increased psychotic symptom severity. From a database of n = 137 adult patients with prospectively collected, longitudinal imaging and neuropsychiatric outcomes, n = 24 had complete data at time points of interest (5 and 12 months post-traumatic brain injury) and showed increasing psychotic symptom severity on the Personality Assessment Inventory psychotic experiences subscale of the schizophrenia clinical scale across time. Secondary analysis employing stepwise regression with hippocampal volume change (independent variable) and Personality Assessment Inventory psychotic symptom change (dependent variable) from 5 to 12 months post-injury was conducted including age, sex, marijuana use, family history of schizophrenia, years of education and injury severity as control variables. Total right hippocampal volume loss predicted an increase in the Personality Assessment Inventory psychotic experiences subscale (F(1, 22) = 5.396, adjusted R2 = 0.161, P = 0.030; β = −0.017, 95% confidence interval = −0.018, −0.016) as did volume of the right hippocampal head (F(1, 22) = 5.764, adjusted R2 = 0.172, P = 0.025; β = −0.019, 95% confidence interval = −0.021, −0.017). Final model goodness-of-fit was confirmed using k-fold (k = 5) cross-validation. Consistent with our hypotheses, the current findings suggest that hippocampal degeneration in the chronic stages of moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury may play a role in the delayed onset of psychotic symptoms after traumatic brain injury. These findings localized to the right hippocampal head are supportive of a proposed aetiological mechanism whereby atrophy of the hippocampal head may lead to the dysregulation of dopaminergic networks following traumatic brain injury; possibly accounting for observed clinical features of psychotic disorder after traumatic brain injury (including prolonged latency period to symptom onset and predominance of positive symptoms). If further validated, these findings may bear important clinical implications for neurorehabilitative therapies following traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J C Bray
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.,Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2A2, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.,The KITE Research Institute-University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2A2, Canada
| | - Bhanu Sharma
- Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2A2, Canada.,The KITE Research Institute-University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2A2, Canada.,Department of Medical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Julia Cottrelle's
- Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2A2, Canada
| | - Matthew E Peters
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Mark Bayley
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.,Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2A2, Canada.,The KITE Research Institute-University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2A2, Canada
| | - Robin E A Green
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.,Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2A2, Canada.,The KITE Research Institute-University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2A2, Canada
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