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Agrimi J, Menicucci D, Qu JH, Laurino M, Mackey CD, Hasnain L, Tarasova YS, Tarasov KV, McDevitt RA, Hoover DB, Gemignani A, Paolocci N, Lakatta EG. Enhanced Myocardial Adenylyl Cyclase Activity Alters Heart-Brain Communication. JACC Clin Electrophysiol 2023; 9:2219-2235. [PMID: 37737772 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacep.2023.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The central nervous system's influence on cardiac function is well described; however, direct evidence for signaling from heart to brain remains sparse. Mice with cardiac-selective overexpression of adenylyl cyclase type 8 (TGAC8) display elevated heart rate/contractility and altered neuroautonomic surveillance. OBJECTIVES In this study the authors tested whether elevated adenylyl cyclase type 8-dependent signaling at the cardiac cell level affects brain activity and behavior. METHODS A telemetry system was used to record electrocardiogram (ECG) and electroencephalogram (EEG) in TGAC8 and wild-type mice simultaneously. The Granger causality statistical approach evaluated variations in the ECG/EEG relationship. Mouse behavior was assessed via elevated plus maze, open field, light-dark box, and fear conditioning tests. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses were performed on brain tissue lysates. RESULTS Behavioral testing revealed increased locomotor activity in TGAC8 that included a greater total distance traveled (+43%; P < 0.01), a higher average speed (+38%; P < 0.01), and a reduced freezing time (-45%; P < 0.01). Dual-lead telemetry recording confirmed a persistent heart rate elevation with a corresponding reduction in ECG-R-waves interval variability and revealed increased EEG-gamma activity in TGAC8 vs wild-type. Bioinformatic assessment of hippocampal tissue indicated upregulation of dopamine 5, gamma-aminobutyric acid A, and metabotropic glutamate 1/5 receptors, major players in gamma activity generation. Granger causality analyses of ECG and EEG recordings showed a marked increase in informational flow between the TGAC8 heart and brain. CONCLUSIONS Perturbed signals arising from the heart cause changes in brain activity, altering mouse behavior. More specifically, the brain interprets augmented myocardial humoral/functional output as a "sustained exercise-like" situation and responds by activating central nervous system output controlling locomotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Agrimi
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Danilo Menicucci
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Jia-Hua Qu
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Marco Laurino
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chelsea D Mackey
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Laila Hasnain
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yelena S Tarasova
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kirill V Tarasov
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ross A McDevitt
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease, and Immunity, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Donald B Hoover
- The Comparative Medicine Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA; Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease, and Immunity, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Angelo Gemignani
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Nazareno Paolocci
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Edward G Lakatta
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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Villalobos N, Magdaleno-Madrigal VM. Pallidal GABA B receptors: involvement in cortex beta dynamics and thalamic reticular nucleus activity. J Physiol Sci 2023; 73:14. [PMID: 37328793 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-023-00870-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The external globus pallidus (GP) firing rate synchronizes the basal ganglia-thalamus-cortex network controlling GABAergic output to different nuclei. In this context, two findings are significant: the activity and GABAergic transmission of the GP modulated by GABA B receptors and the presence of the GP-thalamic reticular nucleus (RTn) pathway, the functionality of which is unknown. The functional participation of GABA B receptors through this network in cortical dynamics is feasible because the RTn controls transmission between the thalamus and cortex. To analyze this hypothesis, we used single-unit recordings of RTn neurons and electroencephalograms of the motor cortex (MCx) before and after GP injection of the GABA B agonist baclofen and the antagonist saclofen in anesthetized rats. We found that GABA B agonists increase the spiking rate of the RTn and that this response decreases the spectral density of beta frequency bands in the MCx. Additionally, injections of GABA B antagonists decreased the firing activity of the RTn and reversed the effects in the power spectra of beta frequency bands in the MCx. Our results proved that the GP modulates cortical oscillation dynamics through the GP-RTn network via tonic modulation of RTn activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Villalobos
- Academia de Fisiología, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Colonia Casco de Santo Tomás, 11340, México City, México.
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación de la Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Colonia Casco de Santo Tomás, 11340, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Victor Manuel Magdaleno-Madrigal
- Laboratorio de Neuromodulación Experimental, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
- Carrera de Psicología, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza-UNAM, México City, México
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Peng ZW, Zhou CH, Xue SS, Yu H, Shi QQ, Xue F, Chen YH, Tan QR, Wang HN. High-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation regulates neural oscillations of the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in mice by modulating endocannabinoid signalling. J Affect Disord 2023; 331:217-228. [PMID: 36965621 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.03.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neural oscillations play a role in the antidepressant effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). However, the effects of high-frequency rTMS on the neural oscillations of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and hippocampus (HPC) and its molecular mechanism have not been fully clarified. METHODS The depressive-like behaviours, local field potentials (LFPs) of the ventral HPC (vHPC)-mPFC, and alternations of endocannabinoid system (ECS) in the HPC and mPFC were observed after rTMS treatment. Meanwhile, depressive-like behaviours and LFPs were also observed after cannabinoid type-1 receptor (CB1R) antagonist AM281 or monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitor JZL184 injection. Moreover, the antidepressant effect of rTMS was further assessed in glutamatergic-CB1R and gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA)-ergic -CB1R knockout mice. RESULTS Alternations of endocannabinoids and energy value and synchronisation of mPFC-vHPC, especially the decrease of theta oscillation induced by CUMS, were alleviated by rTMS. JZL184 has similar effects to rTMS and AM281 blocked the effects of rTMS. GABAergic-CB1R deletion inhibited CUMS-induced depressive-like behaviours whereas Glutaminergic-CB1R deletion dampened the antidepressant effects of rTMS. LIMITATIONS The immediate effect of rTMS on field-potential regulation was not observed. Moreover, the role of region-specific regulation of the ECS in the antidepressant effect of rTMS was unclear and the effects of cell-specific CB1R knockout on neuronal oscillations of the mPFC and vHPC should be further investigated. CONCLUSION Endocannabinoid system mediated the antidepressant effects and was involved in the regulation of LFP in the vHPC-mPFC of high-frequency rTMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Wu Peng
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Cui-Hong Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Shan-Shan Xue
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Huan Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Qing-Qing Shi
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Fen Xue
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yi-Huan Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Qing-Rong Tan
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Hua-Ning Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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Jamali S, Dezfouli MP, Kalbasi A, Daliri MR, Haghparast A. Selective Modulation of Hippocampal Theta Oscillations in Response to Morphine versus Natural Reward. Brain Sci 2023; 13:322. [PMID: 36831866 PMCID: PMC9953863 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13020322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the overlapping neural circuits underlying natural and drug rewards, several studies have suggested different behavioral and neurochemical mechanisms in response to drug vs. natural rewards. The strong link between hippocampal theta oscillations (4-12 Hz) and reward-associated learning and memory has raised the hypothesis that this rhythm in hippocampal CA1 might be differently modulated by drug- and natural-conditioned place preference (CPP). Time-frequency analysis of recorded local field potentials (LFPs) from the CA1 of freely moving male rats previously exposed to a natural (in this case, food), drug (in this case, morphine), or saline (control) reward cue in the CPP paradigm showed that the hippocampal CA1 theta activity represents a different pattern for entrance to the rewarded compared to unrewarded compartment during the post-test session of morphine- and natural-CPP. Comparing LFP activity in the CA1 between the saline and morphine/natural groups showed that the maximum theta power occurred before entering the unrewarded compartment and after the entrance to the rewarded compartment in morphine and natural groups, respectively. In conclusion, our findings suggest that drug and natural rewards could differently affect the theta dynamic in the hippocampal CA1 region during reward-associated learning and contextual cueing in the CPP paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shole Jamali
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran P.O. Box 19615-1178, Iran
| | - Mohsen Parto Dezfouli
- School of Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, Tehran P.O. Box 19395-5531, Iran
| | - AmirAli Kalbasi
- Department of Mechatronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran P.O. Box 16315-1355, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Daliri
- School of Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, Tehran P.O. Box 19395-5531, Iran
- Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran P.O. Box 16846-13114, Iran
| | - Abbas Haghparast
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran P.O. Box 19615-1178, Iran
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The Aerial Parts of Bupleurum Chinense DC. Aromatic Oil Attenuate Kainic Acid-Induced Epilepsy-Like Behavior and Its Potential Mechanisms. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:1234612. [PMID: 35445130 PMCID: PMC9015862 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1234612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aerial parts of Bupleurum Chinense DC. aromatic oil (BAO) were a well-known Chinese herbal medicine plant extract used to treat epilepsy. This study aimed to explore the therapeutic effect of BAO on kainic acid- (KA-) induced epileptic rats and the possible mechanism of its antiepileptic effect. The composition and content of BAO were analyzed by GC-MS, and BAO was administered orally to alleviate the epileptic behavior induced by KA brain injection. The behavior of epileptic rats was determined by Racine grading criteria. And hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE), Nissl staining, immunohistochemistry, Elisa, Western blot, and other methods were used to study the antiepileptic mechanism of BAO, and the possible mechanism was verified by the epileptic cell model of hippocampal neurons induced by the low-Mg2+ extracellular fluid. BAO was mainly composed of terpenoids and aliphatic compounds. And BAO could improve KA-induced epilepsy-like behavior, neuroinflammation, and neurotransmitter abnormalities in the hippocampus. Furthermore, BAO could regulate the expression of GABA, NMDAR1, Notch1, and MAP2 to improve the symptoms of epilepsy. These results were also validated at the cellular level. These results indicated that BAO could alleviate the epilepsy-like behavior through the action of the Notch/NMDAR/GABA pathway.
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Ye Y, Wang J, Che X. Concurrent TMS-EEG to Reveal the Neuroplastic Changes in the Prefrontal and Insular Cortices in the Analgesic Effects of DLPFC-rTMS. Cereb Cortex 2022; 32:4436-4446. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is an important target for repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to reduce pain. However, the analgesic efficacy of DLPFC-rTMS needs to be optimized, in which the mechanisms of action remain unclear. Concurrent TMS and electroencephalogram (TMS-EEG) is able to evaluate neuroplastic changes beyond the motor cortex. Using TMS-EEG, this study was designed to investigate the local and distributed neuroplastic changes associated with DLPFC analgesia. Thirty-four healthy adults received DLPFC or sham stimulation in a randomized, crossover design. In each session, participants underwent cold pain and TMS-EEG assessment both before and after 10-Hz rTMS. We provide novel findings that DLPFC analgesia is associated with a smaller N120 amplitude in the contralateral prefrontal cortex as well as with a larger N120 peak in the ipsilateral insular cortex. Furthermore, there was a strong negative correlation between N120 changes of these two regions whereby the amplitude changes of this dyad were associated with increased pain threshold. In addition, DLPFC stimulation enhanced coherence between the prefrontal and somatosensory cortices oscillating in the gamma frequency. Overall, our data present novel evidence on local and distributed neuroplastic changes associated with DLPFC analgesia.
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Isla AG, Balleza-Tapia H, Fisahn A. Efficacy of preclinical pharmacological interventions against alterations of neuronal network oscillations in Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review. Exp Neurol 2021; 343:113743. [PMID: 34000250 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Despite the development of multiple pharmacological approaches over the years aimed at treating Alzheimer's Disease (AD) only very few have been approved for clinical use in patients. To date there still exists no disease-modifying treatment that could prevent or rescue the cognitive impairment, particularly of memory aquisition, that is characteristic of AD. One of the possibilities for this state of affairs might be that the majority of drug discovery efforts focuses on outcome measures of decreased neuropathological biomarkers characteristic of AD, without taking into acount neuronal processes essential to the generation and maintenance of memory processes. Particularly, the capacity of the brain to generate theta (θ) and gamma (γ) oscillatory activity has been strongly correlated to memory performance. Using a systematic review approach, we synthesize the existing evidence in the literature on pharmacological interventions that enhance neuronal theta (θ) and/or gamma (γ) oscillations in non-pathological animal models and in AD animal models. Additionally, we synthesize the main outcomes and neurochemical systems targeted. We propose that functional biomarkers such as cognition-relevant neuronal network oscillations should be used as outcome measures during the process of research and development of novel drugs against cognitive impairment in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo G Isla
- Neuronal Oscillations Laboratory, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Akademiska Stråket 1, J10:30, 17164 Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hugo Balleza-Tapia
- Neuronal Oscillations Laboratory, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Akademiska Stråket 1, J10:30, 17164 Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - André Fisahn
- Neuronal Oscillations Laboratory, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Akademiska Stråket 1, J10:30, 17164 Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Xu X, Xiang S, Zhang Q, Yin T, Kong W, Zhang T. rTMS alleviates cognitive and neural oscillatory deficits induced by hindlimb unloading in mice via maintaining balance between glutamatergic and GABAergic systems. Brain Res Bull 2021; 172:98-107. [PMID: 33895272 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Microgravity, as a part of the stress of space flight, has several negative effects on cognitive functions. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), as a novel non-invasive technique, could be an effective approach to alleviated cognitive decline, applied in both preclinical and clinical studies. Neural oscillations and their interactions are involved in cognitive functions and support the communication of neural information. The neural oscillation could be a window from which we may understand what happens in the brain. The current study aimed to explore if 15 Hz rTMS plays a neural modulation role in a mouse model of hindlimb unloading. We hypothezed that rTMS can improve the cognitive and neural oscillatory deficits induced by hindlimb unloading via maintaining the balance between glutamatergic and GABAergic systems. Our data show that rTMS can significantly alleviate behavior deficits, modulate theta oscillation, improve the disturbed power distribution of theta oscillation and the decreased strength of Cross-Frequency Coupling in the dentate gyrus region, and effectively mitigated the blocked communication of neural information in the perforant pathway (PP)-dentate gyrus (DG) neural pathway in Hu mice. Furthermore, biochemical analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography and Western blot assay confirmed that rTMS increases the low expression of glutamate (Glu) and N-Methyl d-Aspartate receptor subtype 2B (NR2B) and decreases the high expression of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), 67 KDa isoform of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD67), and GABA type A receptor subunit alpha1 (GABAARα1) in the hippocampus of Hu mice. Taken together, the results suggest that rTMS plays a significant neural modulation role in the hippocampal neural activity disorders induced by Hu, which possibly depends on rTMS maintaining the balance of glutamatergic and gamma-aminobutyric acidergic (GABAergic) systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Xu
- College of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Shitong Xiang
- College of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Qiyue Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Tao Yin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, PR China
| | - Wanzeng Kong
- Key Laboratory of Brain Machine Collaborative Intelligence of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Dianzi University, 310018, Hangzhou, PR China.
| | - Tao Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, PR China.
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Xiang S, Zhang Y, Jiang T, Ke Z, Shang Y, Ning W, Yang Z, Zhang T. Knockdown of Follistatin-like 1 disrupts synaptic transmission in hippocampus and leads to cognitive impairments. Exp Neurol 2020; 333:113412. [PMID: 32721453 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1), also named transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-inducible gene, is a secreted extracellular glycoprotein expressing widely in nervous system. Several recent studies have revealed that FSTL1 plays an essential role in neurological diseases including neuropathic pain and ischemic stroke. It proves that FSTL1 suppresses synaptic transmission by activating Na/K-ATPase in DRG neurons and inhibits neuronal apoptosis by phosphorylation AKT signaling. However, it is not clear whether FSTL1 can play a role in other type of neuron or neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we found that the mice with Fstl1 genetic knockdown showed not only the impairments of learning and memory abilities, but also abnormal neural oscillations and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus. Subsequently, we identified broad transcriptional changes including 55 up-regulated and 184 down-regulated genes in Fstl1 knockdown mice by RNA-Seq analysis, as well as neurotransmitter transport, synaptic transmission and disease-related genes. The expression changes of some DEGs were further validated via quantitative Realtime PCR (qRT-PCR). Further patch-clamp whole cell recording showed that Fstl1+/- mice displayed a significant decrease in glutamatergic synaptic transmission and increase in GABAergic synaptic transmission, which were consistent with the RNA-Seq analysis. Taken together, our results provide an evidence and a possibly underlying mechanism for the critical role of FSTL1 in the hippocampus on learning and memory and normal neural oscillations, suggesting that FSTL1 may plays an important role in neurodegenerative diseases related to cognitive impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shitong Xiang
- School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China; College of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Yuying Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Tianyue Jiang
- School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Ziying Ke
- College of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Yingchun Shang
- College of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Wen Ning
- College of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
| | - Zhuo Yang
- School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
| | - Tao Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
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Shang Y, Yan Y, Chen B, Zhang J, Zhang T. Over-expressed MST1 impaired spatial memory via disturbing neural oscillation patterns in mice. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2020; 19:e12678. [PMID: 32468668 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The activated mammalian Ste20-like serine/threonine kinases 1 (MST1) was found in the central nervous system diseases, such as cerebral ischemia, stroke and ALS, which were related with cognitions. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of elevated MST1 on memory functions in C57BL/6J mice. We also explored the underlying mechanism about the pattern alteration of neural oscillations, closely associated with cognitive dysfunctions, at different physiological rhythms, which were related to a wide range of basic and higher-level cognitive activities. A mouse model of the adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated overexpression of MST1 was established. The behavioral experiments showed that spatial memory was significantly damaged in MST1 mice. The distribution of either theta or gamma power was clearly disturbed in MST1 animals. Moreover, the synchronization in both theta and gamma rhythms, and theta-gamma cross-frequency coupling were significantly weakened in MST1 mice. In addition, the expressions of GABAA receptor, GAD67 and parvalbumin (PV) were obviously increased in MST1 mice. Meanwhile, blocking MST1 activity could inhibit the activation of FOXO3a and YAP. The above data suggest that MST1-overexpression may induce memory impairments via disturbing the patterns of neural activities, which is possibly associated with the abnormal GABAergic expression level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchun Shang
- College of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuxing Yan
- College of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Chen
- College of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianhai Zhang
- School of Computer Science & Technology, and Key Laboratory of Brain Machine Collaborative Intelligence of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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Mohammed HS, Aboul Ezz HS, Zedan A, Ali MA. Electrophysiological and Neurochemical Assessment of Selenium Alone or Combined with Carbamazepine in an Animal Model of Epilepsy. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 195:579-590. [PMID: 31444771 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01872-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The present study aims to evaluate the efficacy of selenium (Se) alone or combined with carbamazepine (CBZ) against the adverse effects induced by the chemoconvulsant pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) in the cortex of adult male rats. Electrocorticogram (ECoG) and oxidative stress markers were implemented to evaluate the differences between treated and untreated animals. Animals were divided into five groups: control group that received i.p. saline injection, PTZ-treated group that received a single i.p. injection of PTZ (60 mg/kg) for induction of seizures followed by a daily i.p. injection of saline, Se-treated group that received an i.p. injection of sodium selenite (0.3 mg/kg/day) after PTZ administration, CBZ-treated group that received orally CBZ (80 mg/kg/day) after PTZ administration, and combination (Se plus CBZ)-treated group that received an oral administration of CBZ (80 mg/kg/day) followed by an i.p. injection of sodium selenite (0.3 mg/kg/day) after PTZ administration. Quantitative analyses of the ECoG indices and the neurochemical parameters revealed that Se and CBZ have mitigated the adverse effects induced by PTZ. The main results were decrease in the number of epileptic spikes, restoring the normal distribution of slow and fast ECoG frequencies and attenuation of most of the oxidative stress markers. However, there was an increase in lipid perioxidation marker in combined treatment of CBZ and Se. The electrophysiological and neurochemical data proved the potential of these techniques in evaluating the treatment's efficiency and suggest that supplementation of Se with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) may be beneficial in ameliorating most of the alterations induced in the brain as a result of seizure insults and could be recommended as an adjunct therapy with AEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitham S Mohammed
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Heba S Aboul Ezz
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Zedan
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Maha A Ali
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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12
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Booker SA, Harada H, Elgueta C, Bank J, Bartos M, Kulik A, Vida I. Presynaptic GABA B receptors functionally uncouple somatostatin interneurons from the active hippocampal network. eLife 2020; 9:51156. [PMID: 32073397 PMCID: PMC7060044 DOI: 10.7554/elife.51156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Information processing in cortical neuronal networks relies on properly balanced excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission. A ubiquitous motif for maintaining this balance is the somatostatin interneuron (SOM-IN) feedback microcircuit. Here, we investigated the modulation of this microcircuit by presynaptic GABAB receptors (GABABRs) in the rodent hippocampus. Whole-cell recordings from SOM-INs revealed that both excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs are strongly inhibited by GABABRs, while optogenetic activation of the interneurons shows that their inhibitory output is also strongly suppressed. Electron microscopic analysis of immunogold-labelled freeze-fracture replicas confirms that GABABRs are highly expressed presynaptically at both input and output synapses of SOM-INs. Activation of GABABRs selectively suppresses the recruitment of SOM-INs during gamma oscillations induced in vitro. Thus, axonal GABABRs are positioned to efficiently control the input and output synapses of SOM-INs and can functionally uncouple them from local network with implications for rhythmogenesis and the balance of entorhinal versus intrahippocampal afferents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam A Booker
- Institute for Integrative Neuroanatomy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Harumi Harada
- Institute for Physiology II, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Claudio Elgueta
- Institute for Physiology I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julia Bank
- Institute for Physiology II, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marlene Bartos
- Institute for Physiology I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Akos Kulik
- Institute for Physiology II, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Imre Vida
- Institute for Integrative Neuroanatomy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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13
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Rennó-Costa C, Teixeira DG, Soltesz I. Regulation of gamma-frequency oscillation by feedforward inhibition: A computational modeling study. Hippocampus 2019; 29:957-970. [PMID: 30990954 PMCID: PMC6744957 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Throughout the brain, reciprocally connected excitatory and inhibitory neurons interact to produce gamma-frequency oscillations. The emergent gamma rhythm synchronizes local neural activity and helps to select which cells should fire in each cycle. We previously found that such excitation-inhibition microcircuits, however, have a potentially significant caveat: the frequency of the gamma oscillation and the level of selection (i.e., the percentage of cells that are allowed to fire) vary with the magnitude of the input signal. In networks with varying levels of brain activity, such a feature may produce undesirable instability on the time and spatial structure of the neural signal with a potential for adversely impacting important neural processing mechanisms. Here we propose that feedforward inhibition solves the latter instability problem of the excitation-inhibition microcircuit. Using computer simulations, we show that the feedforward inhibitory signal reduces the dependence of both the frequency of population oscillation and the level of selection on the magnitude of the input excitation. Such a mechanism can produce stable gamma oscillations with its frequency determined only by the properties of the feedforward network, as observed in the hippocampus. As feedforward and feedback inhibition motifs commonly appear together in the brain, we hypothesize that their interaction underlies a robust implementation of general computational principles of neural processing involved in several cognitive tasks, including the formation of cell assemblies and the routing of information between brain areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Rennó-Costa
- Bioinformatics Multidisciplinary Environment (BioME), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Digital Metropolis Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Daniel Garcia Teixeira
- Bioinformatics Multidisciplinary Environment (BioME), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Digital Metropolis Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
- Federal Institute of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Ivan Soltesz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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14
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Kumari E, Shang Y, Cheng Z, Zhang T. U1 snRNA over-expression affects neural oscillations and short-term memory deficits in mice. Cogn Neurodyn 2019; 13:313-323. [PMID: 31354878 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-019-09528-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) and other RNA spliceosomal components are involved in neurological and psychiatric disorders. U1 snRNA has recently been demonstrated to be altered in pathology in some neurodegenerative diseases, but whether it has a causative role is not clear. Here we have studied this by overexpressing U1 snRNA in mice and measured their hippocampal oscillatory patterns and brain functions. Novel object recognition test showed that the recognition index was significantly decreased in the U1 snRNA over-expression mice compared to that in the C57BL mice. U1 snRNA over-expression regulated not only the pattern of neural oscillations but also the expression of neuron excitatory and inhibitory proteins. Here we show that U1 snRNA over-expression contains the shrinkage distribution of theta-power, theta-phase lock synchronization, and theta and low-gamma cross-frequency coupling in the hippocampus. The alternations of neuron receptors by the U1 snRNA overexpression also modulated the decreasing of recognition index, the energy distribution of theta power spectrum with the reductions of theta phase synchronization and phase-amplitude coupling between theta and low-gamma. Linking these all together, our results suggest that U1 snRNA overexpression particularly causes a deficit in short-term memory. These findings make a bedrock of our research that U1 snRNA bridges the gap about the mechanism behind short-term memory based on the molecular and mesoscopic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta Kumari
- 1College of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, No. 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071 People's Republic of China
| | - Yingchun Shang
- 1College of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, No. 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Cheng
- 1College of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, No. 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071 People's Republic of China.,2State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071 People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhang
- 1College of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, No. 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071 People's Republic of China
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15
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Ruddy K, Balsters J, Mantini D, Liu Q, Kassraian-Fard P, Enz N, Mihelj E, Subhash Chander B, Soekadar SR, Wenderoth N. Neural activity related to volitional regulation of cortical excitability. eLife 2018; 7:e40843. [PMID: 30489255 PMCID: PMC6294548 DOI: 10.7554/elife.40843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To date there exists no reliable method to non-invasively upregulate or downregulate the state of the resting human motor system over a large dynamic range. Here we show that an operant conditioning paradigm which provides neurofeedback of the size of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) in response to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), enables participants to self-modulate their own brain state. Following training, participants were able to robustly increase (by 83.8%) and decrease (by 30.6%) their MEP amplitudes. This volitional up-versus down-regulation of corticomotor excitability caused an increase of late-cortical disinhibition (LCD), a TMS derived read-out of presynaptic GABAB disinhibition, which was accompanied by an increase of gamma and a decrease of alpha oscillations in the trained hemisphere. This approach paves the way for future investigations into how altered brain state influences motor neurophysiology and recovery of function in a neurorehabilitation context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy Ruddy
- Neural Control of Movement LabETH ZürichZürichSwitzerland
- Institute of NeuroscienceTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Joshua Balsters
- Neural Control of Movement LabETH ZürichZürichSwitzerland
- Department of PsychologyRoyal Holloway University of LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Dante Mantini
- Neural Control of Movement LabETH ZürichZürichSwitzerland
- Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research GroupKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Quanying Liu
- Neural Control of Movement LabETH ZürichZürichSwitzerland
- Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research GroupKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | | | - Nadja Enz
- Neural Control of Movement LabETH ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Ernest Mihelj
- Neural Control of Movement LabETH ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | | | - Surjo R Soekadar
- Applied Neurotechnology LaboratoryUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
- Clinical Neurotechnology Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Center (NWFZ), Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyCharité – University Medicine BerlinBerlinGermany
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16
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Leung LS, Ma J. Medial septum modulates hippocampal gamma activity and prepulse inhibition in an N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist model of schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2018; 198:36-44. [PMID: 28801194 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We reviewed the participation of the septohippocampal system in an animal model of schizophrenia that was acutely induced by systemic injection of an N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist such as phencyclidine, MK-801 and ketamine. The NMDA receptor antagonist-induced model of schizophrenia is characterized by behavioral and electrophysiological disruptions, including a decrease in prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle response (PPI), hyperlocomotion, decrease in gating of hippocampal auditory evoked potentials and robust increase in hippocampal gamma (30-100Hz) oscillations. Similar disruptions were also induced by a single electrographic seizure in the hippocampus. The behavioral and electrophysiological disruptions induced by an NMDA receptor antagonist can be reduced by inactivation or lesion of GABAergic neurons in the medial septum, deep brain stimulation of the medial septum or nucleus accumbens, or positive modulation of GABAB receptors. Our results suggest a close association between high-amplitude hippocampal gamma oscillations and psychosis-relevant behaviors including PPI loss, behavioral hyperactivity and loss in auditory gating. Abnormal electrophysiology suggests a disruption of somatic and apical dendritic inhibition in the hippocampus, resulting in distorted sensory integration, and impaired cognitive and memory processing. The hippocampus is suggested to be a hub in a brain network that participates in psychosis-relevant behaviors, through its direct projection to the nucleus accumbens, or through indirect connections via the entorhinal, cingulate and prefrontal cortices.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Stan Leung
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London N6A 5C1, Canada.
| | - Jingyi Ma
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London N6A 5C1, Canada
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17
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Li Q, Zhang X, Cheng N, Yang C, Zhang T. Notch1 knockdown disturbed neural oscillations in the hippocampus of C57BL mice. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 84:63-70. [PMID: 29410010 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Neural oscillations and their interactions are associated with the coordination of neural groups, which provide a mechanism underlying information processing of brain functions. Notch1 receptor is involved in the neurological and psychiatric disorders, such as neurodevelopmental deficits, cerebral ischemia, Alzheimer's disease and depression. Here, we investigated the dynamics of neural oscillations in hippocampus of Notch1+/- mice in urethane-anesthetized state. Notch1 knockdown altered the distribution of power in the hippocampal DG areas, reduced theta (3-8 Hz) power and enhanced low gamma (LG, 30-50 Hz) and high gamma (HG, 50-100 Hz) power. Moreover, theta-gamma phase-amplitude coupling in the hippocampal DG area was markedly impaired in the Notch1+/- mice. The data further showed that the expression of NR2B was decreased, and the expressions of GABAARα1, GAD67 and parvalbumin were considerably increased after Notch1 knockdown. Taken together, our results suggest that Notch1 genetic deficiency significantly impaired the corss-frequency coupling of neural oscillations, and their interactions in the hippocampal DG region by means of disrupting the balance of excitatory and inhibitory receptors, which could be an underlying mechanism of cognitive impairment in neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Li
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, PR China
| | - Xiaochen Zhang
- School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, PR China
| | - Ning Cheng
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, PR China
| | - Chunxiao Yang
- School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, PR China
| | - Tao Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, PR China.
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18
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Ma J, Stan Leung L. Effects of GABA-B receptor positive modulator on ketamine-induced psychosis-relevant behaviors and hippocampal electrical activity in freely moving rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2017; 234:3129-3142. [PMID: 28756462 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-017-4705-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Decreased GABAB receptor function is proposed to mediate some symptoms of schizophrenia. OBJECTIVES In this study, we tested the effect of CGP7930, a GABAB receptor positive allosteric modulator, on ketamine-induced psychosis-relevant behaviors and hippocampal electrical activity in behaving rats. METHODS Electrodes were bilaterally implanted into the hippocampus, and cannulae were placed into the lateral ventricles of Long-Evans rats. CGP7930 or vehicle was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) or intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.), alone or 15 min prior to ketamine (3 mg/kg, subcutaneous) injection. Paired click auditory evoked potentials in the hippocampus (AEP), prepulse inhibition (PPI), and locomotor activity were recorded before and after drug injection. RESULTS CGP7930 at doses of 1 mg/kg (i.p.) prevented ketamine-induced deficit of PPI. CGP7930 (1 mg/kg i.p.) also prevented the decrease in gating of hippocampal AEP and the increase in hippocampal gamma (65-100 Hz) waves induced by ketamine. Unilateral i.c.v. infusion of CGP7930 (0.3 mM/1 μL) also prevented the decrease in gating of hippocampal AEP induced by ketamine. Ketamine-induced behavioral hyperlocomotion was suppressed by 5 mg/kg i.p. CGP7930. CGP7930 alone, without ketamine, did not significantly affect integrated PPI, locomotion, gating of hippocampal AEP, or gamma waves. CGP7930 (1 mg/kg i.p.) increased heterosynaptically mediated paired pulse depression in the hippocampus, a measure of GABAB receptor function in vivo. CONCLUSIONS CGP7930 reduces the behavioral and electrophysiological disruptions induced by ketamine in animals, and the hippocampus may be one of the neural targets where CGP7930 exerts its actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Ma
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, Medical Sciences Building, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada.
| | - L Stan Leung
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, Medical Sciences Building, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, The University of Western Ontario, London, N6A 5C1, Canada
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19
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GABA B receptor modulation — to B or not to be B a pro-cognitive medicine? Curr Opin Pharmacol 2017; 35:125-132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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20
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von Rotz R, Kometer M, Dornbierer D, Gertsch J, Salomé Gachet M, Vollenweider FX, Seifritz E, Bosch OG, Quednow BB. Neuronal oscillations and synchronicity associated with gamma-hydroxybutyrate during resting-state in healthy male volunteers. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2017; 234:1957-1968. [PMID: 28429067 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-017-4603-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is a putative neurotransmitter, a drug of abuse, an anesthetic agent, and a treatment for neuropsychiatric disorders. In previous electroencephalography (EEG) studies, GHB was shown to induce an electrophysiological pattern of "paradoxical EEG-behavioral dissociation" characterized by increased delta and theta oscillations usually associated with sleep during awake states. However, no detailed source localization of these alterations and no connectivity analyses have been performed yet. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS We tested the effects of GHB (20 and 35 mg/kg, p.o.) on current source density (CSD), lagged phase synchronization (LPS), and global omega complexity (GOC) of neuronal oscillations in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, balanced cross-over study in 19 healthy, male participants using exact low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (eLORETA) of resting-state high-density EEG recordings. RESULTS Compared to placebo, GHB increased CSD of theta oscillations (5-7 Hz) in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and alpha1 (8-10 Hz) oscillations in the anterior cingulate cortex. Higher blood plasma values were associated with higher LPS values of delta (2-4 Hz) oscillations between the PCC and the right inferior parietal lobulus. Additionally, GHB decreased GOC of alpha1 oscillations. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that alterations in neuronal oscillations in the PCC mediate the psychotropic effects of GHB. Theta oscillations emerging from the PCC in combination with stability of functional connectivity within the default mode network might explain the GHB-related "paradoxical EEG-behavioral dissociation." Our findings related to GOC suggest a reduced number of relatively independent neuronal processes, an effect that has also been demonstrated for other anesthetic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin von Rotz
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Lenggstrasse 31, CH-8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Kometer
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Brain Imaging Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, Lenggstrasse 31, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dario Dornbierer
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Lenggstrasse 31, CH-8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jürg Gertsch
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - M Salomé Gachet
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Franz X Vollenweider
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Brain Imaging Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, Lenggstrasse 31, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Erich Seifritz
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Lenggstrasse 31, CH-8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Oliver G Bosch
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Lenggstrasse 31, CH-8032, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Boris B Quednow
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Lenggstrasse 31, CH-8032, Zurich, Switzerland.
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21
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Chong BWX, Stinear CM. Modulation of motor cortex inhibition during motor imagery. J Neurophysiol 2017; 117:1776-1784. [PMID: 28123007 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00549.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor imagery (MI) is similar to overt movement, engaging common neural substrates and facilitating the corticomotor pathway; however, it does not result in excitatory descending motor output. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can be used to assess inhibitory networks in the primary motor cortex via measures of 1-ms short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI), long-interval intracortical inhibition (LICI), and late cortical disinhibition (LCD). These measures are thought to reflect extrasynaptic GABAA tonic inhibition, postsynaptic GABAB inhibition, and presynaptic GABAB disinhibition, respectively. The behavior of 1-ms SICI, LICI, and LCD during MI has not yet been explored. This study aimed to investigate how 1-ms SICI, LICI, and LCD are modulated during MI and voluntary relaxation (VR) of a target muscle. Twenty-five healthy young adults participated. TMS was used to assess nonconditioned motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitude, 1-ms SICI, 100- (LICI100) and 150-ms LICI, and LCD in the right abductor pollicis brevis (APB) and right abductor digiti minimi during rest, MI, and VR of the hand. Compared with rest, MEP amplitudes were facilitated in APB during MI. SICI was not affected by task or muscle. LICI100 decreased in both muscles during VR but not MI, whereas LCD was recruited in both muscles during both tasks. This indicates that VR modulates postsynaptic GABAB inhibition, whereas both tasks modulate presynaptic GABAB inhibition in a non-muscle-specific way. This study highlights further neurophysiological parallels between actual and imagined movement, which may extend to voluntary relaxation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study to investigate how 1-ms short-interval intracortical inhibition, long-interval intracortical inhibition, and late cortical disinhibition are modulated during motor imagery and voluntary muscle relaxation. We present novel findings of decreased 100-ms long-interval intracortical inhibition during voluntary muscle relaxation and increased late cortical disinhibition during both motor imagery and voluntary muscle relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cathy M Stinear
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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22
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Perea G, Gómez R, Mederos S, Covelo A, Ballesteros JJ, Schlosser L, Hernández-Vivanco A, Martín-Fernández M, Quintana R, Rayan A, Díez A, Fuenzalida M, Agarwal A, Bergles DE, Bettler B, Manahan-Vaughan D, Martín ED, Kirchhoff F, Araque A. Activity-dependent switch of GABAergic inhibition into glutamatergic excitation in astrocyte-neuron networks. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 28012274 PMCID: PMC5231406 DOI: 10.7554/elife.20362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Interneurons are critical for proper neural network function and can activate Ca2+ signaling in astrocytes. However, the impact of the interneuron-astrocyte signaling into neuronal network operation remains unknown. Using the simplest hippocampal Astrocyte-Neuron network, i.e., GABAergic interneuron, pyramidal neuron, single CA3-CA1 glutamatergic synapse, and astrocytes, we found that interneuron-astrocyte signaling dynamically affected excitatory neurotransmission in an activity- and time-dependent manner, and determined the sign (inhibition vs potentiation) of the GABA-mediated effects. While synaptic inhibition was mediated by GABAA receptors, potentiation involved astrocyte GABAB receptors, astrocytic glutamate release, and presynaptic metabotropic glutamate receptors. Using conditional astrocyte-specific GABAB receptor (Gabbr1) knockout mice, we confirmed the glial source of the interneuron-induced potentiation, and demonstrated the involvement of astrocytes in hippocampal theta and gamma oscillations in vivo. Therefore, astrocytes decode interneuron activity and transform inhibitory into excitatory signals, contributing to the emergence of novel network properties resulting from the interneuron-astrocyte interplay. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.20362.001
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Affiliation(s)
- Gertrudis Perea
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Instituto Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Gómez
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Instituto Cajal, Madrid, Spain.,Cellular and Systems Neurobiology, Systems Biology Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Mederos
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Instituto Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Covelo
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States
| | - Jesús J Ballesteros
- Albacete Science and Technology Park, Institute for Research in Neurological Disabilities, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain.,Department of Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Laura Schlosser
- Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Ruth Quintana
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States
| | - Abdelrahman Rayan
- Department of Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Adolfo Díez
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States
| | - Marco Fuenzalida
- Center of Neurobiology and Brain Plasticity, Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Amit Agarwal
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Dwight E Bergles
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Bernhard Bettler
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Denise Manahan-Vaughan
- Department of Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Eduardo D Martín
- Albacete Science and Technology Park, Institute for Research in Neurological Disabilities, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Alfonso Araque
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States
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Role of GABA(B) receptors in learning and memory and neurological disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 63:1-28. [PMID: 26814961 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Although it is evident from the literature that altered GABAB receptor function does affect behavior, these results often do not correspond well. These differences could be due to the task protocol, animal strain, ligand concentration, or timing of administration utilized. Because several clinical populations exhibit learning and memory deficits in addition to altered markers of GABA and the GABAB receptor, it is important to determine whether altered GABAB receptor function is capable of contributing to the deficits. The aim of this review is to examine the effect of altered GABAB receptor function on synaptic plasticity as demonstrated by in vitro data, as well as the effects on performance in learning and memory tasks. Finally, data regarding altered GABA and GABAB receptor markers within clinical populations will be reviewed. Together, the data agree that proper functioning of GABAB receptors is crucial for numerous learning and memory tasks and that targeting this system via pharmaceuticals may benefit several clinical populations.
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Sun Y, Giacobbe P, Tang CW, Barr MS, Rajji T, Kennedy SH, Fitzgerald PB, Lozano AM, Wong W, Daskalakis ZJ. Deep Brain Stimulation Modulates Gamma Oscillations and Theta-Gamma Coupling in Treatment Resistant Depression. Brain Stimul 2015. [PMID: 26195320 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2015.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the subcallosal cingulate gyrus (SCG) is becoming an effective therapeutic option for treatment resistant depression (TRD). OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS Identifying the neurophysiological mechanisms altered by DBS may lead to more tailored treatment parameters and enhanced efficacy. METHODS Twenty TRD patients with implanted DBS in the SCG were recruited. Patients participated in three EEG recording sessions, one with DBS ON, one with DBS randomized to ON or OFF, and one with DBS OFF. During each session, subjects performed N-back working memory tasks, namely the 0-back and 3-back. Fourteen subjects with valid EEG were included in the analysis. Changes in frontal gamma oscillations (30-50 Hz) and coupling between theta (4-7 Hz) and gamma oscillations as a result of DBS stimulation were quantified and correlated with depressive symptoms. RESULTS DBS stimulation resulted in suppression of frontal oscillations in the ON state relative to the OFF state during the N-back tasks. Greatest suppression was demonstrated in beta and gamma oscillations and most pronounced during the 3-back. Suppression of gamma oscillations in the 3-back correlated with a reduction in depressive symptoms. DBS ON relative to OFF in the 3-back also resulted in an increase in theta-gamma coupling that correlated with a reduction in depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION Suppression of gamma oscillations and increased theta-gamma coupling through DBS is likely mediated by both SCG activation of inhibitory circuits and an enhancement of plasticity in the frontal cortex. Activation of both pathways may explain the therapeutic properties of DBS in TRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinming Sun
- Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, 1001 Queen Street West, Unit 4-1, Toronto, Ontario M6J 1H4, Canada
| | - Peter Giacobbe
- Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Chris W Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Mera S Barr
- Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, 1001 Queen Street West, Unit 4-1, Toronto, Ontario M6J 1H4, Canada
| | - Tarek Rajji
- Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, 1001 Queen Street West, Unit 4-1, Toronto, Ontario M6J 1H4, Canada
| | - Sidney H Kennedy
- Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Paul B Fitzgerald
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Alfred and Monash University Central Clinical School, Victoria, 3004, Australia
| | - Andres M Lozano
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Willy Wong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Zafiris J Daskalakis
- Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, 1001 Queen Street West, Unit 4-1, Toronto, Ontario M6J 1H4, Canada.
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Kanamori K. Disinhibition reduces extracellular glutamine and elevates extracellular glutamate in rat hippocampus in vivo. Epilepsy Res 2015; 114:32-46. [PMID: 26088883 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Disinhibition was induced in the hippocampal CA1/CA3 region of normal adult rats by unilateral perfusion of the GABA(A)R antagonist, 4-[6-imino-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)pyridazin-1-yl] butanoic acid hydrobromide (gabazine), or a GABA(B)R antagonist, p-(3-aminopropyl)-p-diethoxymethyl-phosphinic acid (CGP 35348), through a microdialysis probe. Effects of disinhibition on EEG recordings and the concentrations of extracellular glutamate (GLU(ECF)), the major excitatory neurotransmitter, and of extracellular glutamine (GLN(ECF)), its precursor, were examined bilaterally in freely behaving rats. Unilateral perfusion of 10 μM gabazine in artificial CSF of normal electrolyte composition for 34 min induced epileptiform discharges which represent synchronized glutamatergic population bursts, not only in the gabazine-perfused ipsilateral hippocampus, but also in the aCSF-perfused contralateral hippocampus. The concentration of GLU(ECF) remained unchanged, but the concentration of its precursor, GLN(ECF), decreased to 73 ± 4% (n = 5) of the baseline during frequent epileptiform discharges, not only in the ipsilateral, but also in the contralateral hippocampus, where the change can be attributed to recurrent epileptiform discharges per se, with recovery to 95% of baseline when epileptiform discharges diminished. The blockade of GABA(B)R, by CGP 35348 perfusion in the ipsilateral hippocampus for 30 min, induced bilateral Na(+) spikes in extracellular recording. These can reasonably be attributed to somatic and dendritic action potentials and are indicative of synchronized excitatory activity. This disinhibition induced, in both hippocampi, (a) transient 1.6-2.4-fold elevation of GLU(ECF) which correlated with the number of Na(+) spike cluster events and (b) concomitant reduction of GLN(ECF) to ∼ 70%. Intracellular GLN concentration was measured in the hippocampal CA1/CA3 region sampled by microdialysis in separate groups of rats by snap-freezing the brain after 25 min of gabazine perfusion or 20 min of CGP perfusion when extracellular GLN (GLN(ECF)) was 60-70% of the pre-perfusion level. These intracellular GLN concentrations in the disinhibited hippocampi showed no statistically significant difference from the untreated control. This result strongly suggests that the observed decrease of GLN(ECF) is not due to reduced glutamine synthesis or decrease in the rate of efflux of GLN to ECF. This strengthens the likelihood that reduced GLN(ECF) reflects increased GLN uptake into neurons to sustain enhanced GLU flux during excitatory population bursts in disinhibited hippocampus. The results are consistent with the emerging concept that neuronal uptake of GLN(ECF) plays a major role in sustaining epileptiform activities in the kainate-induced model of temporal-lobe epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Kanamori
- Huntington Medical Research Institutes, 660 South Fair Oaks Avenue, Pasadena, CA 91105, USA.
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Radhu N, Garcia Dominguez L, Farzan F, Richter MA, Semeralul MO, Chen R, Fitzgerald PB, Daskalakis ZJ. Evidence for inhibitory deficits in the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia. Brain 2014; 138:483-97. [PMID: 25524710 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awu360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal gamma-aminobutyric acid inhibitory neurotransmission is a key pathophysiological mechanism underlying schizophrenia. Transcranial magnetic stimulation can be combined with electroencephalography to index long-interval cortical inhibition, a measure of GABAergic receptor-mediated inhibitory neurotransmission from the frontal and motor cortex. In previous studies we have reported that schizophrenia is associated with inhibitory deficits in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex compared to healthy subjects and patients with bipolar disorder. The main objective of the current study was to replicate and extend these initial findings by evaluating long-interval cortical inhibition from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in patients with schizophrenia compared to patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. A total of 111 participants were assessed: 38 patients with schizophrenia (average age: 35.71 years, 25 males, 13 females), 27 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (average age: 36.15 years, 11 males, 16 females) and 46 healthy subjects (average age: 33.63 years, 23 females, 23 males). Long-interval cortical inhibition was measured from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and motor cortex through combined transcranial magnetic stimulation and electroencephalography. In the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, long-interval cortical inhibition was significantly reduced in patients with schizophrenia compared to healthy subjects (P = 0.004) and not significantly different between patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and healthy subjects (P = 0.5445). Long-interval cortical inhibition deficits in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex were also significantly greater in patients with schizophrenia compared to patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (P = 0.0465). There were no significant differences in long-interval cortical inhibition across all three groups in the motor cortex. These results demonstrate that long-interval cortical inhibition deficits in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex are specific to patients with schizophrenia and are not a generalized deficit that is shared by disorders of severe psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Radhu
- 1 Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Luis Garcia Dominguez
- 1 Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Faranak Farzan
- 1 Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Margaret A Richter
- 2 Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mawahib O Semeralul
- 1 Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert Chen
- 3 Division of Neurology, Toronto Western Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul B Fitzgerald
- 4 Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, The Alfred and Monash University Central Clinical School, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zafiris J Daskalakis
- 1 Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Vega-Flores G, Gruart A, Delgado-García JM. Involvement of the GABAergic septo-hippocampal pathway in brain stimulation reward. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113787. [PMID: 25415445 PMCID: PMC4263242 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus is a structure related to several cognitive processes, but not very much is known about its putative involvement in positive reinforcement. In its turn, the septum has been related to instrumental brain stimulation reward (BSR) by its electrical stimulation with trains of pulses. Although the anatomical relationships of the septo-hippocampal pathway are well established, the functional relationship between these structures during rewarding behaviors remains poorly understood. To explore hippocampal mechanisms involved in BSR, CA3-evoked field excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs, fIPSPs) were recorded in the CA1 area during BSR in alert behaving mice. The synaptic efficiency was determined from changes in fEPSP and fIPSP amplitudes across the learning of a BSR task. The successive BSR sessions evoked a progressive increase of the performance in inverse relationship with a decrease in the amplitude of fEPSPs, but not of fIPSPs. Additionally, we evaluated CA1 local field potentials (LFPs) during a preference task, comparing 8-, 20-, and 100-Hz trains of septal BSR. We corroborate a clear preference for BSR at 100 Hz (in comparison with BSR at 20 Hz or 8 Hz), in parallel with an increase in the spectral power of the low theta band, and a decrease in the gamma. These results were replicated by intrahippocampal injections of a GABAB antagonist. Thus, the GABAergic septo-hippocampal pathway seems to carry information involved in the encoding of reward properties, where GABAB receptors seem to play a key role. With regard to the dorsal hippocampus, fEPSPs evoked at the CA3-CA1 synapse seem to reflect the BSR learning process, while hippocampal rhythmic activities are more related to reward properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agnès Gruart
- Division of Neurosciences, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain
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Age-related differences in working memory evoked gamma oscillations. Brain Res 2014; 1576:43-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Lang M, Moradi-Chameh H, Zahid T, Gane J, Wu C, Valiante T, Zhang L. Regulating hippocampal hyperexcitability through GABAB Receptors. Physiol Rep 2014. [PMID: 24771688 PMCID: PMC4001873 DOI: 10.1002/phy2.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Disturbances of GABAergic inhibition are a major cause of epileptic seizures. GABA exerts its actions via ionotropic GABAA receptors and metabotropic G protein‐coupled GABAB receptors. Malfunction of GABAA inhibition has long been recognized in seizure genesis but the role of GABAB receptors in controlling seizure activity is still not well understood. Here, we examined the anticonvulsive, or inhibitory effects, of GABAB receptors in a mouse model of hippocampal kindling as well as mouse hippocampal slices through the use of GS 39783, a positive allosteric GABAB receptor modulator, and CGP 55845, a selective GABAB receptor antagonist. When administered via intraperitoneal injections in kindled mice, GS 39783 (5 mg/kg) did not attenuate hippocampal EEG discharges, but did reduce aberrant hippocampal spikes, whereas CGP 55845 (10 mg/kg) prolonged hippocampal discharges and increased spike incidences. When examined in hippocampal slices, neither GS 39783 at 5 μmol/L nor the GABAB receptor agonist baclofen at 0.1 μmol/L alone significantly altered repetitive excitatory field potentials, but GS 39783 and baclofen together reversibly abolished these field potentials. In contrast, CGP 55845 at 1 μmol/L facilitated induction and incidence of these field potentials. In addition, CGP 55845 attenuated the paired pulse depression of CA3 population spikes and increased the frequency of EPSCs in individual CA3 pyramidal neurons. Collectively, these data suggest that GABABB receptors regulate hippocampal hyperexcitability by inhibiting CA3 glutamatergic synapses. We postulate that positive allosteric modulation of GABAB receptors may be effective in reducing seizure‐related hyperexcitability. GABAB positive modulator GS 39783 attenuated, whereas GABAB antagonist CGP55845 facilitated hippocampal EEG spikes in kindled mice and excitatory field potentials in hippocampal slices. We postulate that GABAB receptors may inhibit CA3 glutamate synapses and hence regulate hippocampal hyperexcitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Lang
- Toronto Western Research Institute; University Health Network; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Homeira Moradi-Chameh
- Toronto Western Research Institute; University Health Network; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Physiology; University of Tarbiat Modares; Tehran Iran
| | - Tariq Zahid
- Toronto Western Research Institute; University Health Network; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Jonathan Gane
- Toronto Western Research Institute; University Health Network; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Chiping Wu
- Toronto Western Research Institute; University Health Network; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Taufik Valiante
- Department of Surgery (Division of Neurosurgery); University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Liang Zhang
- Toronto Western Research Institute; University Health Network; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Medicine (Division of Neurology); University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
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Abstract
Abstract
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Tikka SK, Goyal N, Umesh S, Nizamie SH. Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy: Clinical characteristics, standard and quantitative electroencephalography analyses. J Pediatr Neurosci 2013; 8:97-103. [PMID: 24082923 PMCID: PMC3783741 DOI: 10.4103/1817-1745.117835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Most studies comparing inter-ictal background quantitative electroencephalography (EEG) measures in generalized epilepsies with normal controls do not specifically determine patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) as a separate group. The study aims at comparing absolute spectral power and global field coherence in various frequency bands between patients diagnosed exclusively with JME and 10 healthy controls, and correlating significantly different quantitative EEG measures with various clinical characteristics and standard EEG abnormalities. MATERIALS AND METHODS Clinical and EEG data were collected from 10 patients with JME and 10 healthy controls. Spectral power and global field spectral coherence were calculated using Welch's averaged periodogram method. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, Fisher's exact test and t-test. RESULTS Statistically significant (or trend level) higher power (global α and θ, frontal α and θ, left temporal θ, right occipital α, δ and γ1, and central δ, θ, α, β, and γ2) and coherence (global α and γ1) was found in JME patients when compared to controls. Significant correlation of left frontal and central θ-power with presence of absence seizures (negative), central δ-, and θ-power with the presence of psychiatric comorbidity and central θ-power with frequency of myoclonic seizures was found. CONCLUSION Findings on global-frontal and temporal-occipital power support mild diffuse epileptogenic state and θ-activity as an endophenotype concepts in JME patients, respectively; findings suggest future studies on JME to include psychiatric comorbidity while selecting the sample; some spectral measures (e.g., central θ-power) do relate to progression of JME while some do not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Krishna Tikka
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Cognitive Neurosciences, Central Institute of Psychiatry, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
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Hoeller AA, Duzzioni M, Duarte FS, Leme LR, Costa APR, Santos ECDS, de Pieri CH, dos Santos AA, Naime AA, Farina M, de Lima TCM. GABA-A receptor modulators alter emotionality and hippocampal theta rhythm in an animal model of long-lasting anxiety. Brain Res 2013; 1532:21-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ahmadlou M, Ahmadi K, Rezazade M, Azad-Marzabadi E. Global organization of functional brain connectivity in methamphetamine abusers. Clin Neurophysiol 2013; 124:1122-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2012.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2012] [Revised: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Farzan F, Barr MS, Sun Y, Fitzgerald PB, Daskalakis ZJ. Transcranial magnetic stimulation on the modulation of gamma oscillations in schizophrenia. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2012; 1265:25-35. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06543.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Barr MS, Farzan F, Davis KD, Fitzgerald PB, Daskalakis ZJ. Measuring GABAergic inhibitory activity with TMS-EEG and its potential clinical application for chronic pain. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2012; 8:535-46. [PMID: 22744222 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-012-9383-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pain is debilitating disorder in which the underlying pathophysiology is still unknown. Impaired cortical inhibition is one mechanism that is associated with chronic pain. Cortical inhibition refers to a neurophysiological process in which gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) inhibitory interneurons selectively attenuate the activity of pyramidal neurons in the cortex. Previous studies have capitalized on the ability of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to index cortical inhibition by stimulating the motor cortex and measuring the resulting peripheral motor evoked potentials with electromyography. Chronic pain has been shown to induce changes in cortical inhibition within the motor cortex using TMS. Electroencephalography (EEG) studies also demonstrate that gamma (30-50 Hz) oscillations in the prefrontal and somatosensory cortex are associated with the experience of pain. As gamma oscillations are mediated by GABA, the combination of TMS with EEG allows for the examination of the relationship between cortical inhibition, gamma and chronic pain. In this paper, we summarize the evidence of impaired GABAergic and gamma oscillations in chronic pain patients. We then demonstrate TMS-EEG as a reliable method in which to record cortical inhibition directly from the prefrontal cortex to examine the modulatory effect of GABAB receptor inhibition on cortical oscillations. Finally, the modulation of GABA and gamma oscillations with repetitive TMS will be suggested as the possible mechanism through which rTMS exerts its therapeutic effects in the treatment of pain. The aim of this paper, therefore, is to present the TMS-EEG as a potential method through which to better classify, diagnose and treat chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mera S Barr
- Schizophrenia Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8.
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Long-lasting auditory gating deficit accompanied by GABAB receptor dysfunction in the hippocampus after early-life limbic seizures in rats. Physiol Behav 2012; 106:534-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2012.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Revised: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Daskalakis ZJ, Farzan F, Radhu N, Fitzgerald PB. Combined transcranial magnetic stimulation and electroencephalography: Its past, present and future. Brain Res 2012; 1463:93-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Revised: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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GABA(B) receptor blockade in the hippocampus affects sensory and sensorimotor gating in Long-Evans rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2011; 217:167-76. [PMID: 21484240 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-011-2274-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2010] [Accepted: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Sensory and sensorimotor gating deficits are observed in schizophrenia. GABA(B) receptor deficiency is also detected in the hippocampus of schizophrenic patients. OBJECTIVES The present study tested the hypothesis that GABA(B) receptors in the hippocampus contribute to paired-pulse gating of hippocampal auditory-evoked potentials (AEP) and auditory prepulse inhibition (PPI) in Long-Evans rats. METHODS Gating of hippocampal AEP, or PPI, was examined before and after administration of GABA(B) receptor antagonist, CGP56999A or CGP35348, or saline was administered either systemically (intra-peritoneally (i.p.)) or infused bilaterally into the hippocampus 15 min before gating measurements. RESULTS Systemic injection of CGP56999A, at a dose of 0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg i.p. resulted in reduced gating of hippocampal AEP in a dose-dependent manner. Reduced gating was found at conditioning-test interpulse intervals of 300-500 ms, but not 100-200 ms. Reduced gating of hippocampal AEP also followed bilateral infusion of CGP56999A into the hippocampus (0.1 μg/μL/side). Gating loss was attributed to a decreased conditioning response and an increased test response after systemic or local injection of CGP56999A. Robust PPI was found at prepulse-pulse intervals of 30-100 ms, and this PPI was reduced by hippocampal infusion of CGP56999A in a dose-dependent manner, as compared with saline infusion. CONCLUSIONS Blockade of hippocampal GABA(B) receptors led to deficits in sensory and sensorimotor gating, which are symptoms of schizophrenia.
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Sun Y, Farzan F, Barr MS, Kirihara K, Fitzgerald PB, Light GA, Daskalakis ZJ. Gamma oscillations in schizophrenia: Mechanisms and clinical significance. Brain Res 2011; 1413:98-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2011] [Revised: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Tai SK, Ma J, Ossenkopp KP, Leung LS. Activation of immobility-related hippocampal theta by cholinergic septohippocampal neurons during vestibular stimulation. Hippocampus 2011; 22:914-25. [PMID: 21542057 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.20955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The vestibular system has been suggested to participate in spatial navigation, a function ascribed to the hippocampus. Vestibular stimulation during spatial navigation activates a hippocampal theta rhythm (4-10 Hz), which may enhance spatial processing and motor response. We hypothesize that a cholinergic, atropine-sensitive theta is generated during passive whole-body rotation in freely behaving rats. Hippocampal EEGs were recorded by implanted electrodes in CA1 while rats were rotated on a vertical axis, for a minute or longer, at different angular velocities. Rotation induced a continuous hippocampal theta rhythm while the rat was immobile, in both light and dark conditions. Theta peak frequency showed a significant increase during high (50-70 rpm) as compared with a lower (20-49 rpm) rotational velocity. Rotation-induced theta was abolished by muscarinic receptor antagonist atropine sulfate (50 mg/kg i.p.) but not by atropine methyl nitrate (50 mg/kg i.p.), which did not pass the blood-brain barrier. Theta was attenuated in rats in which cholinergic neurons in the medial septum (MS) were lesioned with 192 IgG-saporin (0.14 μg in 0.4 μl), as confirmed by depletion of MS cells immunoreactive to choline acetyltransferase and an absence of acetylcholinesterase staining in the hippocampus. Bilateral lesion of the vestibular receptors by sodium arsanilate (30 mg in 0.1 ml, intratympanically) also attenuated the rotation-induced theta rhythm. In intact rats, field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) in CA1 evoked by commissural stimulation were smaller during walking or rotation as compared with during immobility. Modulation of fEPSP was absent following atropine sulfate in intact rats and in 192 IgG-saporin lesion rats. In summary, this is the first report of a continuous atropine-sensitive hippocampal theta in the rat induced by vestibular stimulation during rotation, and accompanied by cholinergic modulation of hippocampal synaptic transmission. Vestibular-activated septohippocampal cholinergic activity could be an important component in sensorimotor processing and spatial memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siew Kian Tai
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada N6A 5C1
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Abstract
The expectancy of a rewarding outcome following actions and cues is coded by a network of brain structures including the orbitofrontal cortex. Thus far, predicted reward was considered to be coded by time-averaged spike rates of neurons. However, besides firing rate, the precise timing of action potentials in relation to ongoing oscillations in local field potentials is thought to be of importance for effective communication between brain areas. We performed multineuron and field potential recordings in orbitofrontal cortex of rats performing olfactory discrimination learning to study the temporal structure of coding predictive of outcome. After associative learning, field potentials were marked by theta oscillations, both in advance and during delivery of reward. Orbitofrontal neurons, especially those coding information about upcoming reward with their firing rate, phase locked to these oscillations in anticipation of reward. When established associations were reversed, phase locking collapsed in the anticipatory task phase, but returned when reward became predictable again after relearning. Behaviorally, the outcome anticipation phase was marked by licking responses, but the frequency of lick responses was dissociated from the strength of theta-band phase locking. The strength of theta-band phase locking by orbitofrontal neurons robustly follows the dynamics of associative learning as measured by behavior and correlates with the rat's current outcome expectancy. Theta-band phase locking may facilitate communication of outcome-related information between reward-related brain areas and offers a novel mechanism for coding value signals during reinforcement learning.
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Farzan F, Barr MS, Levinson AJ, Chen R, Wong W, Fitzgerald PB, Daskalakis ZJ. Evidence for gamma inhibition deficits in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of patients with schizophrenia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 133:1505-14. [PMID: 20350936 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awq046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder have deficits in cortical inhibition. Through the combination of interleaved transcranial magnetic stimulation and electroencephalography, we have recently reported on methods in which cortical inhibition can be measured from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, a cortical region that is more closely associated with the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Furthermore, it is possible to index cortical inhibition of specific oscillatory frequencies including the gamma band (30-50 Hz) whose modulation has been related to higher order cortical processing. In this study, we show that patients with schizophrenia have significant deficits of cortical inhibition of gamma oscillations in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex compared to healthy subjects and patients with bipolar disorder, while no deficits are demonstrated in the motor cortex. These results suggest that the lack of inhibition of gamma oscillations in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex may represent an important frontal neurophysiological deficit, which may be responsible for the spectrum of deficits commonly found in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faranak Farzan
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada
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Froestl W. Chemistry and Pharmacology of GABAB Receptor Ligands. GABABRECEPTOR PHARMACOLOGY - A TRIBUTE TO NORMAN BOWERY 2010; 58:19-62. [DOI: 10.1016/s1054-3589(10)58002-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Cryan JF, Slattery DA. GABAB Receptors and Depression: Current Status. GABABRECEPTOR PHARMACOLOGY - A TRIBUTE TO NORMAN BOWERY 2010; 58:427-51. [DOI: 10.1016/s1054-3589(10)58016-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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The Roles of GABAB Receptors in Cortical Network Activity. GABABRECEPTOR PHARMACOLOGY - A TRIBUTE TO NORMAN BOWERY 2010; 58:205-29. [DOI: 10.1016/s1054-3589(10)58009-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Kantrowitz J, Citrome L, Javitt D. GABA(B) receptors, schizophrenia and sleep dysfunction: a review of the relationship and its potential clinical and therapeutic implications. CNS Drugs 2009; 23:681-91. [PMID: 19594197 PMCID: PMC4988234 DOI: 10.2165/00023210-200923080-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Evidence for an intrinsic relationship between sleep, cognition and the symptomatic manifestations of schizophrenia is accumulating. This review presents evidence for the possible utility of GABA(B) receptor agonists for the treatment of subjective and objective sleep abnormalities related to schizophrenia. At the phenotypic level, sleep disturbance occurs in 16-30% of patients with schizophrenia and is related to reduced quality of life and poor coping skills. On the neurophysiological level, studies suggest that sleep deficits reflect a core component of schizophrenia. Specifically, slow-wave sleep deficits, which are inversely correlated with cognition scores, are seen. Moreover, sleep plays an increasingly well documented role in memory consolidation in schizophrenia. Correlations of slow-wave sleep deficits with impaired reaction time and declarative memory have also been reported. Thus, both behavioural insomnia and sleep architecture are critical therapeutic targets in patients with schizophrenia. However, long-term treatment with antipsychotics often results in residual sleep dysfunction and does not improve slow-wave sleep, and adjunctive GABA(A) receptor modulators, such as benzodiazepines and zolpidem, can impair sleep architecture and cognition in schizophrenia. GABA(B) receptor agonists have therapeutic potential in schizophrenia. These agents have minimal effect on rapid eye movement sleep while increasing slow-wave sleep. Preclinical associations with increased expression of genes related to slow-wave sleep production and circadian rhythm function have also been reported. GABA(B) receptor deficits result in a sustained hyperdopaminergic state and can be reversed by a GABA(B) receptor agonist. Genetic, postmortem and electrophysiological studies also associate GABA(B) receptors with schizophrenia. While studies thus far have not shown significant effects, prior focus on the use of GABA(B) receptor agonists has been on the positive symptoms of schizophrenia, with minimal investigation of GABA(B) receptor agonists such as baclofen or gamma-hydroxybutyric acid and their effects on sleep architecture, cognition and negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. Further study is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Kantrowitz
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York, USA
| | - Leslie Citrome
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York, USA,Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Daniel Javitt
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York, USA,Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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Pavlova IV. Differences in the spike activity of hippocampus and neocortex neurons in active and passive rabbits in emotionally negative situations. NEUROSCIENCE AND BEHAVIORAL PHYSIOLOGY 2009; 39:655-62. [PMID: 19621269 DOI: 10.1007/s11055-009-9183-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Autocorrelation histograms were used to compare the spike activity of neurons in the hippocampus (field CA1) and parietal-temporal areas of the neocortex in groups of active and passive rabbits during exposure to emotionally significant stimuli. The mean spike frequencies of single hippocampal neurons were greater in active rabbits than in passive rabbits, and also showed more frequent discharge grouping and periodicity, and frequencies in the theta-1 range (6.9-19.0 Hz) were more often seen in discharge periodicity (in baseline conditions and during active motor reactions to stimuli), while theta-2 frequencies (4.0-6.0 Hz), conversely, were less common (on freezing). Hippocampal neuron spike activity during exposure to stimuli showed more marked changes in active rabbits than in passive rabbits. Intergroup differences in neuron spike activity were smaller in the neocortex than in the hippocampus. These results lead to the conclusion that individual-typological differences in the behavior of animals in emotionally negative situations are reflected in neuron activity in hippocampal field CA1 and the parietal-temporal areas of the neocortex. It is suggested that active and passive rabbits have different levels of activation of the septohippocampal system and functional differences in the afferent inputs to hippocampal field CA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- I V Pavlova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 5A Butlerov Street, 117485, Moscow, Russia.
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Suppression of gamma-oscillations in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex following long interval cortical inhibition: a TMS-EEG study. Neuropsychopharmacology 2009; 34:1543-51. [PMID: 19037204 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2008.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Gamma (gamma)-oscillations (30-50 Hz) represent important electrophysiological measures, which are generated through the execution of higher order cognitive tasks (eg, working memory) in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). By contrast, cortical inhibition (CI) refers to a neurophysiological process in which GABAergic inhibitory interneurons selectively suppress the activation of other neurons in the cortex. Recently, abnormalities in both CI and gamma-oscillations have been associated with various neuropsychiatric disorders including schizophrenia. Animal research suggests that suppression of gamma-oscillations is, in part, mediated through GABAergic inhibitory neurotransmission. However, no such evidence has been demonstrated in human, largely because of technological limitations. Recently, we reported on novel methods permitting the recording of CI from the DLPFC through transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) combined with electroencephalography (EEG). The aim of this study was to examine the effects of GABAergic inhibitory neurotransmission on gamma-oscillations by combining TMS with EEG. Long interval cortical inhibition (LICI), a paired TMS paradigm, was used to index GABA(B) receptor mediated inhibitory neurotransmission in the motor cortex and DLPFC of healthy individuals. Gamma-oscillations were significantly inhibited by LICI (38.1+/-26.5%; p< or =0.013) in the DLPFC but not in the motor cortex. These results provide neurophysiological evidence to demonstrate gamma-oscillations are inhibited by LICI in the DLPFC but not in the motor cortex. Such specificity suggests that the modulation of gamma-oscillations may represent an important neurophysiological process that may, in part, be responsible for optimal DLPFC functioning in healthy human subjects.
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Uhlhaas PJ, Haenschel C, Nikolić D, Singer W. The role of oscillations and synchrony in cortical networks and their putative relevance for the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2008; 34:927-43. [PMID: 18562344 PMCID: PMC2632472 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbn062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 401] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Neural oscillations and their synchronization may represent a versatile signal to realize flexible communication within and between cortical areas. By now, there is extensive evidence to suggest that cognitive functions depending on coordination of distributed neural responses, such as perceptual grouping, attention-dependent stimulus selection, subsystem integration, working memory, and consciousness, are associated with synchronized oscillatory activity in the theta-, alpha-, beta-, and gamma-band, suggesting a functional mechanism of neural oscillations in cortical networks. In addition to their role in normal brain functioning, there is increasing evidence that altered oscillatory activity may be associated with certain neuropsychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia, that involve dysfunctional cognition and behavior. In the following article, we aim to summarize the evidence on the role of neural oscillations during normal brain functioning and their relationship to cognitive processes. In the second part, we review research that has examined oscillatory activity during cognitive and behavioral tasks in schizophrenia. These studies suggest that schizophrenia involves abnormal oscillations and synchrony that are related to cognitive dysfunctions and some of the symptoms of the disorder. Perspectives for future research will be discussed in relationship to methodological issues, the utility of neural oscillations as a biomarker, and the neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Uhlhaas
- Department of Neurophysiology, Max-Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Tsai ML, Shen B, Leung LS. Seizures induced by GABAB-receptor blockade in early-life induced long-term GABAB receptor hypofunction and kindling facilitation. Epilepsy Res 2008; 79:187-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2008.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2007] [Revised: 01/25/2008] [Accepted: 02/11/2008] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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