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De Tollenaere M, Chapuis E, Martinez J, Paulus C, Dupont J, Don Simoni E, Robe P, Sennelier-Portet B, Auriol D, Scandolera A, Reynaud R. Gardenia jasminoides Extract, with a Melatonin-like Activity, Protects against Digital Stress and Reverses Signs of Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054948. [PMID: 36902379 PMCID: PMC10003113 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Digital stress is a newly identified cosmetic stress that is mainly characterized by blue light exposure. The effects of this stress have become increasingly important with the emergence of personal digital devices, and its deleterious effects on the body are now well-known. Blue light has been observed to cause perturbation of the natural melatonin cycle and skin damage similar to that from UVA exposure, thus leading to premature aging. "A melatonin-like ingredient" was discovered in the extract of Gardenia jasminoides, which acts as a filter against blue light and as a melatonin-like ingredient to prevent and stop premature aging. The extract showed significant protective effects on the mitochondrial network of primary fibroblasts, a significant decrease of -86% in oxidized proteins on skin explants, and preservation of the natural melatonin cycle in the co-cultures of sensory neurons and keratinocytes. Upon analysis using in silico methods, only the crocetin form, released through skin microbiota activation, was found to act as a melatonin-like molecule by interacting with the MT1-receptor, thus confirming its melatonin-like properties. Finally, clinical studies revealed a significant decrease in wrinkle number of -21% in comparison to the placebo. The extract showed strong protection against blue light damage and the prevention of premature aging through its melatonin-like properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane De Tollenaere
- R&D Department, Givaudan France SAS, Route de Bazancourt, 51110 Pomacle, France
- Correspondence: (M.D.T.); (A.S.)
| | - Emilie Chapuis
- R&D Department, Givaudan France SAS, Route de Bazancourt, 51110 Pomacle, France
| | - Jessy Martinez
- R&D Department, Naturex France Avignon (Givaudan), 250 Rue Pierre Bayle, 84140 Avignon, France
| | - Chantal Paulus
- R&D Department, Givaudan France SAS, Bâtiment Canal Biotech 1, 3 Rue des Satellites, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Joran Dupont
- R&D Department, Givaudan France SAS, Bâtiment Canal Biotech 1, 3 Rue des Satellites, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Eglantine Don Simoni
- R&D Department, Givaudan France SAS, Bâtiment Canal Biotech 1, 3 Rue des Satellites, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Patrick Robe
- R&D Department, Givaudan France SAS, Bâtiment Canal Biotech 1, 3 Rue des Satellites, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | | | - Daniel Auriol
- R&D Department, Givaudan France SAS, Bâtiment Canal Biotech 1, 3 Rue des Satellites, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Amandine Scandolera
- R&D Department, Givaudan France SAS, Route de Bazancourt, 51110 Pomacle, France
- Correspondence: (M.D.T.); (A.S.)
| | - Romain Reynaud
- R&D Department, Givaudan France SAS, Bâtiment Canal Biotech 1, 3 Rue des Satellites, 31400 Toulouse, France
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Rahaman A, Kumari A, Farooq MA, Zeng XA, Hassan S, Khalifa I, Aadil RM, Jahangir Chughtai MF, Khaliq A, Ahmad N, Wajid MA. Novel Extraction Techniques: An Effective Way to Retrieve the Bioactive Compounds from Saffron (Crocus Sativus). FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.1967377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Rahaman
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Centre for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Centre), Guangzhou, China
| | - Ankita Kumari
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Adil Farooq
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Khwaja Fareed University Engineering and Information Technology, Rahimyar, Pakistan
| | - Xin-An Zeng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Centre for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Centre), Guangzhou, China
| | - Sadia Hassan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ibrahim Khalifa
- Food Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Egypt
| | - Rana Muhammad Aadil
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farhan Jahangir Chughtai
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Khwaja Fareed University Engineering and Information Technology, Rahimyar, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Khaliq
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Khwaja Fareed University Engineering and Information Technology, Rahimyar, Pakistan
| | - Nabeel Ahmad
- School of Biotechnology, Iftm University, Moradabad, India
| | - Mohd Anas Wajid
- Department of Computer Science, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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Solubilization of Congo red into non-ionic bolaform sugar based surfactant: A multi spectroscopic approach. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2021.101257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Enhancement of neuroprotection, antioxidant capacity, and water-solubility of crocins by transglucosylation using dextransucrase under high hydrostatic pressure. Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 140:109630. [PMID: 32912690 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2020.109630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Crocin, one of the major carotenoid pigments of Crocus sativus (saffron), is responsible for antioxidant activity, neuroprotection, and the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation. In order to improve the functionality of crocin, α-glucosyl-(1→6)-trans-crocins (C-Gs) were synthesized using sucrose and dextransucrase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides. High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) technique was applied to the synthesis process of C-Gs in order to improve its transglucosylation yield. A 100 MPa HHP condition enhanced the production yield of C-Gs by 1.95 times compared to that of 0.1 MPa atmospheric pressure. Novel C-Gs were purified by HPLC, and their chemical structures were determined using NMR analysis. Novel C-Gs increased water solubility 4.6-5.7 times and antioxidant activity 1.5-2.6 times, respectively, compared to crocin, and their neuroprotections (cell viability 92.5-100.4 %) on HT22 mouse hippocampal neuronal cells were significantly higher than that of crocin (cell viability 84.6 %). This advanced neuroprotection of novel C-Gs could be highly associated with their enhanced antioxidant activity. Thus, the enhanced water solubility and functionality of novel C-Gs can induce better clinical efficacy of neuroprotection than trans-crocin.
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Wani FA, Ahmad R, Patel R. Synthesis and Interfacial Properties of Novel Benzimidazolium Based Gemini Surfactants and Their Binding with Crocin. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c02824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Farooq Ahmad Wani
- Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi-110025, India
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi-110025, India
| | - Rabia Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi-110025, India
| | - Rajan Patel
- Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi-110025, India
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Moratalla-López N, Parizad S, Habibi MK, Winter S, Kalantari S, Bera S, Lorenzo C, García-Rodríguez MV, Dizadji A, Alonso GL. Impact of two different dehydration methods on saffron quality, concerning the prevalence of Saffron latent virus (SaLV) in Iran. Food Chem 2020; 337:127786. [PMID: 32795861 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The dehydration process is a prerequisite to preserve saffron for a long time. According to this process, saffron shows differences in the main compounds responsible for its quality (colour, taste, aroma, and flavonol content). At present, the freeze-drying method obtains dried products with the highest quality. Viruses can modify the physiology and metabolism of plants, being able to affect the activities of several enzymes. For this reason, the main compounds of saffron have been analyzed under two different dehydrating processes, freeze-drying and dark-drying, considering their infection status with the Saffron latent virus (SaLV). Results showed that the picrocrocin and safranal content enables to differ dark-dried samples from freeze-dried ones. Besides, the kaempferol-3-O-sophoroside-7-O-glucoside content allows differentiating between SaLV-infected (SaLV+) and uninfected (SaLV-) saffron samples. Moreover, our data suggest that the freeze-drying would decrease crocins content, and dark-drying can nullify the adverse effect of SaLV on crocins content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Moratalla-López
- Cátedra de Química Agrícola, ETSI Agrónomos y Montes, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, 02071 Albacete, Spain.
| | - Shirin Parizad
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, 31587-77871 Karaj, Iran.
| | - Mina Koohi Habibi
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, 31587-77871 Karaj, Iran.
| | - Stephan Winter
- German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Siamak Kalantari
- Department of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, 31587-77871 Karaj, Iran.
| | - Sayanta Bera
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant-Microbe Biology and Plant Pathology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Candida Lorenzo
- Cátedra de Química Agrícola, ETSI Agrónomos y Montes, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, 02071 Albacete, Spain.
| | - M Valle García-Rodríguez
- Cátedra de Química Agrícola, ETSI Agrónomos y Montes, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, 02071 Albacete, Spain.
| | - Akbar Dizadji
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, 31587-77871 Karaj, Iran.
| | - Gonzalo L Alonso
- Cátedra de Química Agrícola, ETSI Agrónomos y Montes, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, 02071 Albacete, Spain.
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Hoseini M, Sharifi S, Sazgarnia A. The Influence of Anionic, Cationic Surfactant and AOT/Water/Heptane Reverse Micelle on Photophysical Properties of Crocin: Compare with RPMI Effect. J Fluoresc 2020; 30:665-677. [PMID: 32338327 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-020-02525-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Encapsulation of crocin (CN), having large nonlinear optical (NLO) properties, can be utilized in studies of photodynamic therapy (PDT). For this purpose, photo-physical and NLO properties of CN encapsulation with and without cell culture medium (CCM) were investigated. As well, nonlinear absorption (NLA) coefficient and nonlinear refractive (NLR) indices were found to be 10-7 (cm W-1) and 10-12 (cm2 W-1); respectively. The results revealed that NLO properties of CN had changed through its dipole moment. Reflecting on the theory of Bilot and Kawski, it was evidenced that the dipole moment of CN could change with a nano-droplet size. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that RPMI-1640 as a growth medium had failed to change NLO properties of CN encapsulated in nano-droplet. Accordingly, the encapsulated CN in nano-droplet in the form of a photosensitizer (PS) was suggested as a good candidate to examine PDT under in-vitro conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Hoseini
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Medical Physics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Soheil Sharifi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ameneh Sazgarnia
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Physics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Chen X, Xuan B, Xu D, Wang Q, Cheng M, Jin Y. Crocin supplementation during oocyte maturation enhances antioxidant defence and subsequent cleavage rate. Reprod Domest Anim 2018; 54:300-308. [PMID: 30325531 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to assess the effect of crocin supplementation during oocyte maturation on the antioxidant defence and anti-apoptotic ability and subsequent developmental competence of porcine oocytes. Oocytes were cultured in media containing 0, 300, 400 or 500 µg/ml of crocin. Upon maturation, the maturation rates, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH) levels, mRNA expression of genes (SOD, CAT, GPx, Bcl-2, BAX and Caspase3), expression of cleaved caspase3 and subsequent embryo cleavage rates were measured. Results indicated that the maturation rate of the 400 µg/ml group was 86.80% (p < 0.01). The ROS concentration of the 500 µg/ml group was the lowest (p < 0.01). The GSH concentration of the 400 µg/ml group was the highest (p < 0.01). The SOD, CAT and GPx mRNA expression levels were the highest in the 300, 400 and 500 µg/ml groups, respectively, with the expression levels of all genes being significantly higher than that of the control group (p < 0.01). The Bcl-2/BAX mRNA expression ratio in 400 and 500 µg/ml groups significantly higher than other groups and significantly decreased caspase3 expression level (p < 0.01). The expression level of cleaved caspase3 in the 500 µg/ml treatment group was the lowest, significantly lower than that of the control group (p < 0.01). The cleavage rate of the 400 µg/ml group was 62.50% (p < 0.01). These experimental results show that the supplementation of in vitro culture medium with 400 µg/ml of crocin significantly enhanced the antioxidant defence and anti-apoptotic ability and subsequent cleavage rate of porcine embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Chen
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Biao Xuan
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Da Xu
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Qiuyue Wang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Mimi Cheng
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Yi Jin
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
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Khan Z, Al-Thabaiti SA. Micellization and aggregation behavior of crocin with bovine serum albumin: A biophysical study. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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José Bagur M, Alonso Salinas GL, Jiménez-Monreal AM, Chaouqi S, Llorens S, Martínez-Tomé M, Alonso GL. Saffron: An Old Medicinal Plant and a Potential Novel Functional Food. Molecules 2017; 23:E30. [PMID: 29295497 PMCID: PMC5943931 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The spice saffron is made from the dried stigmas of the plant Crocus sativus L. The main use of saffron is in cooking, due to its ability to impart colour, flavour and aroma to foods and beverages. However, from time immemorial it has also been considered a medicinal plant because it possesses therapeutic properties, as illustrated in paintings found on the island of Santorini, dated 1627 BC. It is included in Catalogues of Medicinal Plants and in the European Pharmacopoeias, being part of a great number of compounded formulas from the 16th to the 20th centuries. The medicinal and pharmaceutical uses of this plant largely disappeared with the advent of synthetic chemistry-produced drugs. However, in recent years there has been growing interest in demonstrating saffron's already known bioactivity, which is attributed to the main components-crocetin and its glycosidic esters, called crocins, and safranal-and to the synergy between the compounds present in the spice. The objective of this work was to provide an updated and critical review of the research on the therapeutic properties of saffron, including activity on the nervous and cardiovascular systems, in the liver, its antidepressant, anxiolytic and antineoplastic properties, as well as its potential use as a functional food or nutraceutical.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Bagur
- Cátedra de Química Agrícola, E.T.S.I. Agrónomos y de Montes, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, 02071 Albacete, Spain; (M.J.B.); (S.C.)
- Department of Food Science, Universidad de Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence, Campus International de Excelencia Regional “Campus Mare Nostrum”, CIBERobn, ISCIII, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (A.M.J.-M.); (M.M.-T.)
| | | | - Antonia M. Jiménez-Monreal
- Department of Food Science, Universidad de Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence, Campus International de Excelencia Regional “Campus Mare Nostrum”, CIBERobn, ISCIII, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (A.M.J.-M.); (M.M.-T.)
| | - Soukaina Chaouqi
- Cátedra de Química Agrícola, E.T.S.I. Agrónomos y de Montes, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, 02071 Albacete, Spain; (M.J.B.); (S.C.)
- Laboratory of Materials, Environment and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ibn Tofaïl University, P.O. Box 242, 14000 Kénitra, Morocco
| | - Silvia Llorens
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine and Regional Centre for Biomedical Research (CRIB), University of Castilla-La Mancha, 02008 Albacete, Spain;
| | - Magdalena Martínez-Tomé
- Department of Food Science, Universidad de Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence, Campus International de Excelencia Regional “Campus Mare Nostrum”, CIBERobn, ISCIII, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (A.M.J.-M.); (M.M.-T.)
| | - Gonzalo L. Alonso
- Cátedra de Química Agrícola, E.T.S.I. Agrónomos y de Montes, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, 02071 Albacete, Spain; (M.J.B.); (S.C.)
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Hoshyar R, Mollaei H. A comprehensive review on anticancer mechanisms of the main carotenoid of saffron, crocin. J Pharm Pharmacol 2017; 69:1419-1427. [PMID: 28675431 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Crocin is derived from dried stigmas of Crocus sativus L. (saffron). It has long been used to prevent and treat various diseases. Although crocin is suggested as one of the most effective cancer therapeutic constituents of saffron stigma, its exact molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, we reviewed anticancer effects of crocin and its underlying molecular mechanisms. KEY FINDINGS While several mechanisms may account for the antitumour activity of crocin, alteration of expression/activity of the genes and also epigenetic changes may be considered as necessary phenomena. These alternations may lead to inhibition of cancer cells' proliferation or/and induction of apoptosis through various mechanism including inhibition of synthesis of DNA and RNA, interaction with cellular topoisomerase, suppression of the telomerase activity and active STAT3, and targeting of microtubules. Moreover, this carotenoid could reverse the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and inhibit metastasis. CONCLUSIONS Knowing molecular mechanisms of antitumoral agents could guide us to choose the best chemotherapeutic compound especially for targeted therapy and also provide insights about possible side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyhane Hoshyar
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Homa Mollaei
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.,Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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Khan Z, Al-Thabaiti SA, Malik MA. Biocompatible natural sugar-based surfactant assisted oxidation of citric acid by MnO4− in absence and presence of SDS. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra04242b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Crocin, a natural carotenoid with antioxidant properties, was used in the present investigation as a surfactant in the citric acid–MnO4− redox system for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaheer Khan
- Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Science
- King Abdulaziz University
- Jeddah 21589
- Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Maqsood Ahmad Malik
- Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Science
- King Abdulaziz University
- Jeddah 21589
- Saudi Arabia
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Hydrophilic carotenoids: recent progress. Molecules 2012; 17:5003-12. [PMID: 22547321 PMCID: PMC6268248 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17055003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are substantially hydrophobic antioxidants. Hydrophobicity is this context is rather a disadvantage, because their utilization in medicine as antioxidants or in food chemistry as colorants would require some water dispersibility for their effective uptake or use in many other ways. In the past 15 years several attempts were made to synthetize partially hydrophilic carotenoids. This review compiles the recently synthetized hydrophilic carotenoid derivatives.
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Deslauriers AM, Afkhami-Goli A, Paul AM, Bhat RK, Acharjee S, Ellestad KK, Noorbakhsh F, Michalak M, Power C. Neuroinflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress are coregulated by crocin to prevent demyelination and neurodegeneration. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:4788-99. [PMID: 21964030 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1004111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a homeostatic mechanism, which is used by cells to adapt to intercellular and intracellular changes. Moreover, ER stress is closely linked to inflammatory pathways. We hypothesized that ER stress is an integral component of neuroinflammation and contributes to the development of neurological diseases. In autopsied brain specimens from multiple sclerosis (MS) and non-MS patients, XBP-1 spliced variant (XBP-1/s) was increased in MS brains (p < 0.05) and was correlated with the expression of the human endogenous retrovirus-W envelope transcript, which encodes the glycoprotein, Syncytin-1 (p < 0.05). In primary human fetal astrocytes transfected with a Syncytin-1-expressing plasmid, XBP-1/s, BiP, and NOS2 were induced, which was suppressed by crocin treatment (p < 0.05). Crocin also protected oligodendrocytes exposed to cytotoxic supernatants derived from Syncytin-1-expressing astrocytes (p < 0.05) and NO-mediated oligodendrocytotoxicity (p < 0.05). During experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the transcript levels of the ER stress genes XBP-1/s, BiP, PERK, and CHOP were increased in diseased spinal cords compared with healthy littermates (p < 0.05), although CHOP expression was not involved in the EAE disease phenotype. Daily treatment with crocin starting on day 7 post-EAE induction suppressed ER stress and inflammatory gene expression in spinal cords (p < 0.05), which was accompanied by preserved myelination and axonal density, together with reduced T cell infiltration and macrophage activation. EAE-associated neurobehavioral deficits were also ameliorated by crocin treatment (p < 0.05). These findings underscored the convergent roles of pathogenic ER stress and immune pathways in neuroinflammatory disease and point to potential therapeutic applications for crocin.
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Affiliation(s)
- André M Deslauriers
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2S2, Canada
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Øpstad CL, Sliwka HR, Partali V. Facile Electron Uptake by Carotenoids Under Mild, Non-Radiative Conditions: Formation of Carotenoid Anions. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201000481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Chábera P, Fuciman M, Razi Naqvi K, Polívka T. Ultrafast dynamics of hydrophilic carbonyl carotenoids – Relation between structure and excited-state properties in polar solvents. Chem Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2010.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Willibald J, Rennebaum S, Breukers S, Abdel Hafez SH, Patel A, Øpstad CL, Schmid R, Naess SN, Sliwka HR, Partali V. Hydrophilic carotenoids: facile syntheses of carotenoid oxime hydrochlorides as long-chain, highly unsaturated cationic (bola)amphiphiles. Chem Phys Lipids 2009; 161:32-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2009.06.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2009] [Revised: 06/25/2009] [Accepted: 06/26/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Breukers S, Øpstad C, Sliwka HR, Partali V. Hydrophilic Carotenoids: Surface Properties and Aggregation Behavior of the Potassium Salt of the Highly Unsaturated Diacid Norbixin. Helv Chim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.200900042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Naqvi KR, Melø TB, Jávorfi T, González-Pérez S, Arellano JB. Facile method for spectroscopic examination of radical ions of hydrophilic carotenoids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:6401-5. [DOI: 10.1039/b905454e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Sliwka HR, Melø TB, Foss BJ, Abdel-Hafez SH, Partali V, Nadolski G, Jackson H, Lockwood SF. Electron- and energy-transfer properties of hydrophilic carotenoids. Chemistry 2007; 13:4458-66. [PMID: 17340673 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200601527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The antioxidant activities-expressed as the electron-donating properties-of five hydrophilic carotenoids (carotenoid surfactants) and three related hydrophobic carotenoids were investigated by flash photolysis. The electron-transfer rates of the carotenoids to the triplet state of the sensitizer 2-nitronaphthalene and the energy transfer rates of triplet 2-nitronaphthalene to the carotenoids were determined. The results demonstrate that the electron-donating effects of the hydrophilic and hydrophobic carotenoids were comparable when evaluated in acetonitrile. In the presence of water, however, electron transfer (i.e., antioxidant efficiency) was enhanced by a factor of four for the hydrophilic carotenoids. The increased hydrophilicity of carotenoids, therefore, could expand their antioxidant properties, thus facilitating their use as aqueous-phase radical scavengers. At the same time, it was shown that supramolecular assembly ("aggregation") of the amphiphilic carotenoids prevented electron transfer, thus deactivating the antioxidant function. Modulation of the biophysical properties of carotenoids through synthetic modification is capable of increasing the biological and medical utility of this natural class of predominantly hydrophobic antioxidant compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Richard Sliwka
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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Naess SN, Sliwka HR, Partali V, Melø TB, Razi Naqvi K, Jackson HL, Lockwood SF. Hydrophilic carotenoids: surface properties and aggregation of an astaxanthin-lysine conjugate, a rigid, long-chain, highly unsaturated and highly water-soluble tetracationic bolaamphiphile. Chem Phys Lipids 2007; 148:63-9. [PMID: 17531964 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2007.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2006] [Revised: 03/02/2007] [Accepted: 04/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The surface and aggregation properties of a synthetic, highly water-soluble carotenoid, the tetracationic astaxanthin-lysine conjugate (Asly), have been examined through measurements of surface tension, optical absorption and dynamic light scattering. The following parameters were determined: critical aggregation concentration c(M), surface concentration Gamma, molecular area a(m), free energy of adsorption and aggregation (DeltaG(ad) degrees and DeltaG(M) degrees , respectively), and the aggregate size r(H). The compound forms true monomolecular solutions in water below c(M); aggregates emerge only at rather high concentrations (> or =2.18 mM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine Nalum Naess
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
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