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Fu F, Li R, Dang X, Yu Q, Xu K, Gu W, Wang D, Yang X, Pan M, Zhen L, Zhang Y, Li F, Jing X, Li F, Li D, Liao C. Prenatal diagnosis of 21 fetuses with balanced chromosomal abnormalities (BCAs) using whole-genome sequencing. Front Genet 2022; 13:951829. [PMID: 36186435 PMCID: PMC9520355 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.951829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Balanced chromosomal abnormalities (BCAs) are the most common chromosomal abnormalities and the frequency of congenital abnormalities is approximately twice as high in newborns with a de novo BCA, but a prenatal diagnosis based on BCAs is subject to evaluation. To detect translocation breakpoints and conduct a prenatal diagnosis, we performed whole-genome sequencing (WGS) in 21 subjects who were found BCAs, 19 balanced chromosome translocations and two inversions, in prenatal screening. In 16 BCAs on non-N-masked regions (non-NMRs), WGS detected 13 (81.2%, 13/16) BCAs, including all the inversions. All the breakpoints of 12 (12/14) cases of sufficient DNA were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. In 13 interrupted genes, CACNA1E (in case 12) and STARD7 (in case 17) are known causative and PDCL was found in subject (case 11) with situs inversus for the first time. Case 12 with abnormal ultrasound reached a definitive genetic diagnosis of CACNA1E-disease, while STARD7 exon deletion has never been found causative in patients. WGS provides the possibility of prenatal diagnosis in fetuses with BCAs, and its clinical significance also lies in providing data for postnatal diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Fu
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Fang Fu, ; Can Liao,
| | - Ru Li
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Dang
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuxia Yu
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Chigene (Beijing) Translational Medical Research Center Co,. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Weiyue Gu
- Chigene (Beijing) Translational Medical Research Center Co,. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Pan
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhen
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongling Zhang
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fatao Li
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Fucheng Li
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongzhi Li
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Can Liao
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Fang Fu, ; Can Liao,
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Ma X, Yan W, Xu P, Ma L, Zan Y, Huang L, Wang G, Liu L, Hui W. LncRNA-p21 suppresses cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in gastric cancer by sponging miR-514b-3p and up-regulating ARHGEF9 expression. Biol Chem 2022; 403:945-958. [PMID: 35947460 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2022-0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The long non-coding RNA p21 (lncRNA-p21) was a tumor suppressor gene in most cancer types including gastric cancer (GC). We aimed to identify a specific lncRNA-p21-involved pathway in regulating the proliferation and apoptosis of GC cells. A lower lncRNA-p21 expression in tumors was associated with advanced disease stage and predicted worse survival of GC patients. LncRNA-p21 overexpression in GC cell line somatic gastric cancer (SGC)-7901 and human gastric cancer (HGC)-27 suppressed cell proliferation and enhanced apoptosis, while lncRNA-p21 knockdown caused the opposite effects. Through bioinformatics analysis and luciferase-based reporter assays, we identified miR-514b-3p as a sponge target of lncRNA-p21. Cdc42 guanine nucleotide exchange factor 9 (ARHGEF9), functioned as a tumor suppress factor in GC, was found as the downstream target of miR-514-3p, and their expressions were negatively correlated in GC tumor tissues. In addition, like lncRNA-p21 overexpression alone, miR-514-3p inactivation alone also led to decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis in SGC-7901 and HGC-27 cells, which were markedly attenuated by additional ARHGEF9 knockdown. Xenograft SGC-7901 cells with more lncRNA-p21 or ARHGEF9 expressions or with less miR-514-3p expression exhibited obviously slower in vivo growth than the control SGC-7901 cells in nude mice. Our study reveals a novel lncRNA-p21/miR-514b-3p/ARHGEF9 pathway that can be targeted for GC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Ma
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenyu Yan
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ying Zan
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lanxuan Huang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guanying Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lili Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wentao Hui
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, China
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Yang H, Liao H, Gan S, Xiao T, Wu L. ARHGEF9 gene variant leads to developmental and epileptic encephalopathy: Genotypic phenotype analysis and treatment exploration. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2022; 10:e1967. [PMID: 35638461 PMCID: PMC9266599 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The ARHGEF9 gene variants have phenotypic heterogeneity, the number of reported clinical cases are limited and the genotype–phenotype relationship is still unpredictable. Methods Clinical data of the patients and their family members were gathered in a retrospective study. The exome sequencing that was performed on peripheral blood samples was applied for genetic analysis. We used the ARHGEF9 gene as a key word to search the PubMed database for cases of ARHGEF9 gene variants that have previously been reported and summarized the reported ARHGEF9 gene variant sites, their corresponding clinical phenotypes, and effective treatment. Results We described five patients with developmental and epileptic encephalopathy caused by ARHGEF9 gene variants. Among them, the antiepileptic treatment of valproic acid and levetiracetam was effective in two cases individually. The exome sequencing results showed five children with point mutations in the ARHGEF9 gene: p.R365H, p.M388V, p.D213E, and p.R63H. So far, a total of 40 children with ARHGEF9 gene variants have been reported. Their main clinical phenotypes include developmental delay, epilepsy, epileptic encephalopathy, and autism spectrum disorders. The variants reported in the literature, including 22 de novo variants, nine maternal variants, and one unknown variant. There were 20 variants associated with epileptic phenotypes, of which six variants are effective for valproic acid treatment. Conclusion The genotypes and phenotypes of ARHGEF9 gene variants represent a wide spectrum, and the clinical phenotype of epilepsy is often refractory and the prognosis is poor. The p.R365H, p.M388V, p.D213E, and p.R63H variants have not been reported in the current literature, and our study has expanded the genotype spectrum of ARHGEF9 gene. Our findings indicate that levetiracetam and valproic acid can effectively control seizures in children with epileptic phenotype caused by ARGHEF9 gene variations. These findings will help clinicians improve the level of diagnosis and treatment of the genetic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Hongmei Liao
- Department of Neurology, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Siyi Gan
- Department of Neurology, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Ting Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Liwen Wu
- Department of Neurology, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, P.R. China
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Abstract
Neurexin-3 is primarily localized in the presynaptic membrane and forms complexes with various ligands located in the postsynaptic membrane. Neurexin-3 has important roles in synapse development and synapse functions. Neurexin-3 mediates excitatory presynaptic differentiation by interacting with leucine-rich-repeat transmembrane neuronal proteins. Meanwhile, neurexin-3 modulates the expression of presynaptic α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptors and γ-aminobutyric acid A receptors by interacting with neuroligins at excitatory and inhibitory synapses. Numerous studies have documented the potential contribution of neurexin-3 to neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, addiction behaviors, and other diseases, which raises hopes that understanding the mechanisms of neurexin-3 may hold the key to developing new strategies for related illnesses. This review comprehensively covers the literature to provide current knowledge of the structure, function, and clinical role of neurexin-3.
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Hines DJ, Contreras A, Garcia B, Barker JS, Boren AJ, Moufawad El Achkar C, Moss SJ, Hines RM. Human ARHGEF9 intellectual disability syndrome is phenocopied by a mutation that disrupts collybistin binding to the GABA A receptor α2 subunit. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:1729-1741. [PMID: 35169261 PMCID: PMC9095487 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01468-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Intellectual disability (ID) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder that can arise from genetic mutations ranging from trisomy to single nucleotide polymorphism. Mutations in a growing number of single genes have been identified as causative in ID, including ARHGEF9. Evaluation of 41 ARHGEF9 patient reports shows ubiquitous inclusion of ID, along with other frequently reported symptoms of epilepsy, abnormal baseline EEG activity, behavioral symptoms, and sleep disturbances. ARHGEF9 codes for the Cdc42 Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor 9 collybistin (Cb), a known regulator of inhibitory synapse function via direct interaction with the adhesion molecule neuroligin-2 and the α2 subunit of GABAA receptors. We mutate the Cb binding motif within the large intracellular loop of α2 replacing it with the binding motif for gephyrin from the α1 subunit (Gabra2-1). The Gabra2-1 mutation causes a strong downregulation of Cb expression, particularly at cholecystokinin basket cell inhibitory synapses. Gabra2-1 mice have deficits in working and recognition memory, as well as hyperactivity, anxiety, and reduced social preference, recapitulating the frequently reported features of ARHGEF9 patients. Gabra2-1 mice also have spontaneous seizures during postnatal development which can lead to mortality, and baseline abnormalities in low-frequency wavelengths of the EEG. EEG abnormalities are vigilance state-specific and manifest as sleep disturbance including increased time in wake and a loss of free-running rhythmicity in the absence of light as zeitgeber. Gabra2-1 mice phenocopy multiple features of human ARHGEF9 mutation, and reveal α2 subunit-containing GABAA receptors as a druggable target for treatment of this complex ID syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin J Hines
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - April Contreras
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Betsua Garcia
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Barker
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Austin J Boren
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | | | - Stephen J Moss
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rochelle M Hines
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA.
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Keegan NP, Wilton SD, Fletcher S. Analysis of Pathogenic Pseudoexons Reveals Novel Mechanisms Driving Cryptic Splicing. Front Genet 2022; 12:806946. [PMID: 35140743 PMCID: PMC8819188 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.806946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding pre-mRNA splicing is crucial to accurately diagnosing and treating genetic diseases. However, mutations that alter splicing can exert highly diverse effects. Of all the known types of splicing mutations, perhaps the rarest and most difficult to predict are those that activate pseudoexons, sometimes also called cryptic exons. Unlike other splicing mutations that either destroy or redirect existing splice events, pseudoexon mutations appear to create entirely new exons within introns. Since exon definition in vertebrates requires coordinated arrangements of numerous RNA motifs, one might expect that pseudoexons would only arise when rearrangements of intronic DNA create novel exons by chance. Surprisingly, although such mutations do occur, a far more common cause of pseudoexons is deep-intronic single nucleotide variants, raising the question of why these latent exon-like tracts near the mutation sites have not already been purged from the genome by the evolutionary advantage of more efficient splicing. Possible answers may lie in deep intronic splicing processes such as recursive splicing or poison exon splicing. Because these processes utilize intronic motifs that benignly engage with the spliceosome, the regions involved may be more susceptible to exonization than other intronic regions would be. We speculated that a comprehensive study of reported pseudoexons might detect alignments with known deep intronic splice sites and could also permit the characterisation of novel pseudoexon categories. In this report, we present and analyse a catalogue of over 400 published pseudoexon splice events. In addition to confirming prior observations of the most common pseudoexon mutation types, the size of this catalogue also enabled us to suggest new categories for some of the rarer types of pseudoexon mutation. By comparing our catalogue against published datasets of non-canonical splice events, we also found that 15.7% of pseudoexons exhibit some splicing activity at one or both of their splice sites in non-mutant cells. Importantly, this included seven examples of experimentally confirmed recursive splice sites, confirming for the first time a long-suspected link between these two splicing phenomena. These findings have the potential to improve the fidelity of genetic diagnostics and reveal new targets for splice-modulating therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niall P. Keegan
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Steve D. Wilton
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Sue Fletcher
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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Qiu T, Dai Q, Wang Q. A novel de novo hemizygous ARHGEF9 mutation associated with severe intellectual disability and epilepsy: a case report. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:3000605211058372. [PMID: 34851771 PMCID: PMC8647271 DOI: 10.1177/03000605211058372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
ARHGEF9 encodes collybistin, a brain-specific guanosine diphosphate-guanosine-5′-triphosphate exchange factor that plays an important role in clustering of gephyrin and γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors in the postsynaptic membrane. Overwhelming evidence suggests that defects in this protein can cause X-linked intellectual disability, which comprises a series of clinical phenotypes, including autism spectrum disorder, behavior disorder, intellectual disability, and febrile seizures. Here, we report a boy with clinical symptoms of severe intellectual disability, epilepsy, and developmental delay and regression. Trio exome sequencing (trio-clinical exome sequencing) identified a novel hemizygous deletion, c.656_c.669delACTTCTTTGAGGCC (p. His219Leu fs*9), in exon 5 of ARHGEF9. This variant was not reported in either the Genome Aggregation Database or our database of 309 patients with neurodevelopmental disorders. Oxcarbazepine and levetiracetam reduced the frequency of the patient’s epileptic seizures to a certain extent, but psychomotor developmental delay and developmental regression became more obvious with age. This case study seeks to report a de novo loss-of-function mutation of ARHGEF9, aiming to emphasize the genetic diagnosis of X-linked intellectual disability and further improve knowledge of the ethnic distribution of ARHGEF9 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Qiu
- Division of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Dai
- Division of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiu Wang
- Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Selective Overexpression of Collybistin in Mouse Hippocampal Pyramidal Cells Enhances GABAergic Neurotransmission and Protects against PTZ-Induced Seizures. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0561-20.2021. [PMID: 34083383 PMCID: PMC8281261 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0561-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Collybistin (CB) is a rho guanine exchange factor found at GABAergic and glycinergic postsynapses that interacts with the inhibitory scaffold protein, gephyrin, and induces accumulation of gephyrin and GABA type-A receptors (GABAARs) to the postsynapse. We have previously reported that the isoform without the src homology 3 (SH3) domain, CBSH3-, is particularly active in enhancing the GABAergic postsynapse in both cultured hippocampal neurons as well as in cortical pyramidal neurons after chronic in vivo expression in in utero electroporated (IUE) rats. Deficiency of CB in knock-out (KO) mice results in absence of gephyrin and gephyrin-dependent GABAARs at postsynaptic sites in several brain regions, including hippocampus. In the present study, we have generated an adeno-associated virus (AAV) that expresses CBSH3- in a cre-dependent manner. Using male and female VGLUT1-IRES-cre or VGAT-IRES-cre mice, we explore the effect of overexpression of CBSH3- in hippocampal pyramidal cells or hippocampal interneurons. The results show that: (1) the accumulation of gephyrin and GABAARs at inhibitory postsynapses in hippocampal pyramidal neurons or interneurons can be enhanced by CBSH3- overexpression; (2) overexpression of CBSH3- in hippocampal pyramidal cells can enhance the strength of inhibitory neurotransmission; and (3) these enhanced inhibitory synapses provide protection against pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures. The results indicate that this AAV vector carrying CBSH3- can be used for in vivo enhancement of GABAergic synaptic transmission in selected target neurons in the brain.
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Maltsev DV, Spasov AA, Miroshnikov MV, Skripka MO. Current Approaches to the Search of Anxiolytic Drugs. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162021030122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Wagner S, Lee C, Rojas L, Specht CG, Rhee J, Brose N, Papadopoulos T. The α3 subunit of GABA A receptors promotes formation of inhibitory synapses in the absence of collybistin. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100709. [PMID: 33901490 PMCID: PMC8141935 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Signaling at nerve cell synapses is a key determinant of proper brain function, and synaptic defects—or synaptopathies—are at the basis of many neurological and psychiatric disorders. Collybistin (CB), a brain-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor, is essential for the formation of γ-aminobutyric acidergic (GABAergic) postsynapses in defined regions of the mammalian forebrain, including the hippocampus and basolateral amygdala. This process depends on a direct interaction of CB with the scaffolding protein gephyrin, which leads to the redistribution of gephyrin into submembranous clusters at nascent inhibitory synapses. Strikingly, synaptic clustering of gephyrin and GABAA type A receptors (GABAARs) in several brain regions, including the cerebral cortex and certain thalamic areas, is unperturbed in CB-deficient mice, indicating that the formation of a substantial subset of inhibitory postsynapses must be controlled by gephyrin-interacting proteins other than CB. Previous studies indicated that the α3 subunit of GABAARs (GABAAR-α3) binds directly and with high affinity to gephyrin. Here, we provide evidence (i) that a homooligomeric GABAAR-α3A343W mutant induces the formation of submembranous gephyrin clusters independently of CB in COS-7 cells, (ii) that gephyrin clustering is unaltered in the neuronal subpopulations endogenously expressing the GABAAR-α3 in CB-deficient brains, and (iii) that exogenous expression of GABAAR-α3 partially rescues impaired gephyrin clustering in CB-deficient hippocampal neurons. Our results identify an important role of GABAAR-α3 in promoting gephyrin-mediated and CB-independent formation of inhibitory postsynapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Wagner
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - ChoongKu Lee
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lucia Rojas
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian G Specht
- Diseases and Hormones of the Nervous System (DHNS), Inserm U1195, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - JeongSeop Rhee
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nils Brose
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
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Ghesh L, Besnard T, Nizon M, Trochu E, Landeau-Trottier G, Breheret F, Thauvin-Robinet C, Bruel AL, Kuentz P, Coubes C, Cuisset L, Mignot C, Keren B, Bézieau S, Cogné B. Loss-of-function variants in ARHGEF9 are associated with an X-linked intellectual disability dominant disorder. Hum Mutat 2021; 42:498-505. [PMID: 33600053 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
ARHGEF9 defects lead to an X-linked intellectual disability disorder related to inhibitory synaptic dysfunction. This condition is more frequent in males, with a few affected females reported. Up to now, sequence variants and gross deletions have been identified in males, while only chromosomal aberrations have been reported in affected females who showed a skewed pattern of X-chromosome inactivation (XCI), suggesting an X-linked recessive (XLR) disorder. We report three novel loss-of-function (LoF) variants in ARHGEF9: A de novo synonymous variant affecting splicing (NM_015185.2: c.1056G>A, p.(Lys352=)) in one female; a nonsense variant in another female (c.865C>T, p.(Arg289*)), that is, also present as a somatically mosaic variant in her father, and a de novo nonsense variant in a boy (c.899G>A; p.(Trp300*)). Both females showed a random XCI. Thus, we suggest that missense variants are responsible for an XLR disorder affecting males and that LoF variants, mainly occurring de novo, may be responsible for an X-linked dominant disorder affecting males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leïla Ghesh
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Thomas Besnard
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Nantes, France
- l'institut du thorax, Université de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, Nantes, France
| | - Mathilde Nizon
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Nantes, France
- l'institut du thorax, Université de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, Nantes, France
| | - Eva Trochu
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | - Flora Breheret
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Christel Thauvin-Robinet
- FHU TRANSLAD, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon-Bourgogne et Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
- Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Inserm UMR 1231, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- Centre de Génétique et Centre de Référence Déficience Intellectuelle de causes rares, Hôpital d'Enfants, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon-Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- UF Innovation en diagnostic génomique des maladies rares, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Ange-Line Bruel
- FHU TRANSLAD, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon-Bourgogne et Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
- Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Inserm UMR 1231, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- UF Innovation en diagnostic génomique des maladies rares, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Paul Kuentz
- FHU TRANSLAD, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon-Bourgogne et Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
- Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Inserm UMR 1231, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Christine Coubes
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Maladies Rares et Médecine Personnalisée, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurence Cuisset
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Biologie Moléculaires, Département Médico-Universitaire BioPhyGen, Hôpital Cochin, APHP, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Cyril Mignot
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, INSERM, U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Paris, France
- Service de Génétique clinique et Médicale, CHU Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Boris Keren
- Service de Génétique clinique et Médicale, CHU Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Bézieau
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Nantes, France
- l'institut du thorax, Université de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, Nantes, France
| | - Benjamin Cogné
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Nantes, France
- l'institut du thorax, Université de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, Nantes, France
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12
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George S, Chiou TT, Kanamalla K, De Blas AL. Recruitment of Plasma Membrane GABA-A Receptors by Submembranous Gephyrin/Collybistin Clusters. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 42:1585-1604. [PMID: 33547626 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01050-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown that subunit composition is the main determinant of the synaptic or extrasynaptic localization of GABAA receptors (GABAARs). Synaptic and extrasynaptic GABAARs are involved in phasic and tonic inhibition, respectively. It has been proposed that synaptic GABAARs bind to the postsynaptic gephyrin/collybistin (Geph/CB) lattice, but not the typically extrasynaptic GABAARs. Nevertheless, there are no studies of the direct binding of various types of GABAARs with the submembranous Geph/CB lattice in the absence of other synaptic proteins, some of which are known to interact with GABAARs. We have reconstituted GABAARs of various subunit compositions, together with the Geph/CB scaffold, in HEK293 cells, and have investigated the recruitment of surface GABAARs by submembranous Geph/CB clusters. Results show that the typically synaptic α1β3γ2 GABAARs were trapped by submembranous Geph/CB clusters. The α5β3γ2 GABAARs, which are both synaptic and extrasynaptic, were also trapped by Geph/CB clusters. Extrasynaptic α4β3δ GABAARs consistently showed little or no trapping by the Geph/CB clusters. However, the extrasynaptic α6β3δ, α1β3, α6β3 (and less α4β3) GABAARs were highly trapped by the Geph/CB clusters. AMPA and NMDA glutamate receptors were not trapped. The results suggest: (I) in the absence of other synaptic molecules, the Geph/CB lattice has the capacity to trap not only synaptic but also several typically extrasynaptic GABAARs; (II) the Geph/CB lattice is important but does not play a decisive role in the synaptic localization of GABAARs; and (III) in neurons there must be mechanisms preventing the trapping of several typically extrasynaptic GABAARs by the postsynaptic Geph/CB lattice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanu George
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, 75 North Eagleville Road, U-3156, Storrs, CT, 06269-3156, USA
| | - Tzu-Ting Chiou
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, 75 North Eagleville Road, U-3156, Storrs, CT, 06269-3156, USA
| | - Karthik Kanamalla
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, 75 North Eagleville Road, U-3156, Storrs, CT, 06269-3156, USA
| | - Angel L De Blas
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, 75 North Eagleville Road, U-3156, Storrs, CT, 06269-3156, USA.
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13
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George S, Bear J, Taylor MJ, Kanamalla K, Fekete CD, Chiou TT, Miralles CP, Papadopoulos T, De Blas AL. Collybistin SH3-protein isoforms are expressed in the rat brain promoting gephyrin and GABA-A receptor clustering at GABAergic synapses. J Neurochem 2021; 157:1032-1051. [PMID: 33316079 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Collybistin (CB) is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) selectively localized at GABAergic and glycinergic postsynapses. Analysis of mRNA shows that several isoforms of collybistin are expressed in the brain. Some of the isoforms have a SH3 domain (CBSH3+) and some have no SH3 domain (CBSH3-). The CBSH3+ mRNAs are predominantly expressed over CBSH3-. However, in an immunoblot study of mouse brain homogenates, only CBSH3+ protein isoforms were detected, proposing that CBSH3- protein might not be expressed in the brain. The expression or lack of expression of CBSH3- protein is an important issue because CBSH3- has a strong effect in promoting the postsynaptic clustering of gephyrin and GABA-A receptors (GABAA Rs). Moreover CBSH3- is constitutively active; therefore lower expression of CBSH3- protein might play a relatively stronger functional role than the more abundant but self-inhibited CBSH3+ isoforms, which need to be activated. We are now showing that: (a) CBSH3- protein is expressed in the brain; (b) parvalbumin positive (PV+) interneurons show higher expression of CBSH3- protein than other neurons; (c) CBSH3- is associated with GABAergic synapses in various regions of the brain and (d) knocking down CBSH3- in hippocampal neurons decreases the synaptic clustering of gephyrin and GABAA Rs. The results show that CBSH3- protein is expressed in the brain and that it plays a significant role in the size regulation of the GABAergic postsynapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanu George
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - John Bear
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Michael J Taylor
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Karthik Kanamalla
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Christopher D Fekete
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Tzu-Ting Chiou
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Celia P Miralles
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | | | - Angel L De Blas
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
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14
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Schäfer J, Förster L, Mey I, Papadopoulos T, Brose N, Steinem C. Neuroligin-2 dependent conformational activation of collybistin reconstituted in supported hybrid membranes. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:18604-18613. [PMID: 33127642 PMCID: PMC7939476 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The assembly of the postsynaptic transmitter sensing machinery at inhibitory nerve cell synapses requires the intimate interplay between cell adhesion proteins, scaffold and adaptor proteins, and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) or glycine receptors. We developed an in vitro membrane system to reconstitute this process, to identify the essential protein components, and to define their mechanism of action, with a specific focus on the mechanism by which the cytosolic C terminus of the synaptic cell adhesion protein Neuroligin-2 alters the conformation of the adaptor protein Collybistin-2 and thereby controls Collybistin-2-interactions with phosphoinositides (PtdInsPs) in the plasma membrane. Supported hybrid membranes doped with different PtdInsPs and 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-{[N-(5-amino-1-carboxypentyl)iminodiacetic acid]succinyl} nickel salt (DGS-NTA(Ni)) to allow for the specific adsorption of the His6-tagged intracellular domain of Neuroligin-2 (His-cytNL2) were prepared on hydrophobically functionalized silicon dioxide substrates via vesicle spreading. Two different collybistin variants, the WT protein (CB2SH3) and a mutant that adopts an intrinsically 'open' and activated conformation (CB2SH3/W24A-E262A), were bound to supported membranes in the absence or presence of His-cytNL2. The corresponding binding data, obtained by reflectometric interference spectroscopy, show that the interaction of the C terminus of Neuroligin-2 with Collybistin-2 induces a conformational change in Collybistin-2 that promotes its interaction with distinct membrane PtdInsPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Schäfer
- Institute for Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lucas Förster
- Institute for Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ingo Mey
- Institute for Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Nils Brose
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Claudia Steinem
- Institute for Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen, Germany.
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15
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Scala M, Zonneveld-Huijssoon E, Brienza M, Mecarelli O, van der Hout AH, Zambrelli E, Turner K, Zara F, Peron A, Vignoli A, Striano P. De novo ARHGEF9 missense variants associated with neurodevelopmental disorder in females: expanding the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of ARHGEF9 disease in females. Neurogenetics 2020; 22:87-94. [PMID: 32939676 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-020-00622-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Individuals harboring pathogenic variants in ARHGEF9, encoding an essential submembrane protein for gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic synapses named collybistin, show intellectual disability (ID), facial dysmorphism, behavioral disorders, and epilepsy. Only few affected females carrying large chromosomal rearrangements involving ARHGEF9 have been reported so far. Through next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based panels, we identified two single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in ARHGEF9 in two females with neurodevelopmental features. Sanger sequencing revealed that these variants were de novo. The X-inactivation pattern in peripheral blood cells was random. We report the first affected females harboring de novo SNVs in ARHGEF9, expanding the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of ARHGEF9-related neurodevelopmental disorder in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Scala
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy. .,Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Evelien Zonneveld-Huijssoon
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marianna Brienza
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Oriano Mecarelli
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Annemarie H van der Hout
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Elena Zambrelli
- Epilepsy Center - Sleep Medicine Center, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Katherine Turner
- Epilepsy Center - Sleep Medicine Center, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Zara
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Unit of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Angela Peron
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit - Epilepsy Center, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Aglaia Vignoli
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit - Epilepsy Center, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Pasquale Striano
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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16
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Nathanson AJ, Zhang Y, Smalley JL, Ollerhead TA, Rodriguez Santos MA, Andrews PM, Wobst HJ, Moore YE, Brandon NJ, Hines RM, Davies PA, Moss SJ. Identification of a Core Amino Acid Motif within the α Subunit of GABA ARs that Promotes Inhibitory Synaptogenesis and Resilience to Seizures. Cell Rep 2020; 28:670-681.e8. [PMID: 31315046 PMCID: PMC8283774 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY The fidelity of inhibitory neurotransmission is dependent on the accumulation of γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors (GABAARs) at the appropriate synaptic sites. Synaptic GABAARs are constructed from α(1–3), β(1–3), and γ2 subunits, and neurons can target these subtypes to specific synapses. Here, we identify a 15-amino acid inhibitory synapse targeting motif (ISTM) within the α2 subunit that promotes the association between GABAARs and the inhibitory scaffold proteins collybistin and gephyrin. Using mice in which the ISTM has been introduced into the α1 subunit (Gabra1–2 mice), we show that the ISTM is critical for axo-axonic synapse formation, the efficacy of GABAergic neurotransmission, and seizure sensitivity. The Gabra1–2 mutation rescues seizure-induced lethality in Gabra2–1 mice, which lack axo-axonic synapses due to the deletion of the ISTM from the α2 subunit. Taken together, our data demonstrate that the ISTM plays a critical role in promoting inhibitory synapse formation, both in the axonic and somatodendritic compartments. In Brief Molecular mechanisms regulating specific synaptic GABAAR accumulation are critical for the fidelity of inhibitory neurotransmission. Nathanson et al. show that strengthening the interaction between α1-GABAARs and collybistin via genetic manipulation results in augmented synaptic targeting of these receptors, enhanced inhibitory neurotransmission, and seizure resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna J Nathanson
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Yihui Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Joshua L Smalley
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Thomas A Ollerhead
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | | | - Peter M Andrews
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Heike J Wobst
- AstraZeneca Neuroscience, IMED Biotech Unit, R&D, Boston, MA 02451, USA
| | - Yvonne E Moore
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Nicholas J Brandon
- AstraZeneca Tufts Laboratory for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Boston, MA 02111, USA; AstraZeneca Neuroscience, IMED Biotech Unit, R&D, Boston, MA 02451, USA
| | - Rochelle M Hines
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Paul A Davies
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Stephen J Moss
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA; AstraZeneca Tufts Laboratory for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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17
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Rho GTPases in the Amygdala-A Switch for Fears? Cells 2020; 9:cells9091972. [PMID: 32858950 PMCID: PMC7563696 DOI: 10.3390/cells9091972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Fear is a fundamental evolutionary process for survival. However, excess or irrational fear hampers normal activity and leads to phobia. The amygdala is the primary brain region associated with fear learning and conditioning. There, Rho GTPases are molecular switches that act as signaling molecules for further downstream processes that modulate, among others, dendritic spine morphogenesis and thereby play a role in fear conditioning. The three main Rho GTPases—RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42, together with their modulators, are known to be involved in many psychiatric disorders that affect the amygdala′s fear conditioning mechanism. Rich2, a RhoGAP mainly for Rac1 and Cdc42, has been studied extensively in such regard. Here, we will discuss these effectors, along with Rich2, as a molecular switch for fears, especially in the amygdala. Understanding the role of Rho GTPases in fear controlling could be beneficial for the development of therapeutic strategies targeting conditions with abnormal fear/anxiety-like behaviors.
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18
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Kilisch M, Mayer S, Mitkovski M, Roehse H, Hentrich J, Schwappach B, Papadopoulos T. A GTPase-induced switch in phospholipid affinity of collybistin contributes to synaptic gephyrin clustering. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs.232835. [PMID: 31932505 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.232835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic transmission between neurons relies on the exact spatial organization of postsynaptic transmitter receptors, which are recruited and positioned by dedicated scaffolding and regulatory proteins. At GABAergic synapses, the regulatory protein collybistin (Cb, also known as ARHGEF9) interacts with small GTPases, cell adhesion proteins and phosphoinositides to recruit the scaffolding protein gephyrin and GABAA receptors to nascent synapses. We dissected the interaction of Cb with the small Rho-like GTPase TC10 (also known as RhoQ) and phospholipids. Our data define a protein-lipid interaction network that controls the clustering of gephyrin at synapses. Within this network, TC10 and monophosphorylated phosphoinositides, particulary phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI3P), provide a coincidence detection platform that allows the accumulation and activation of Cb in endomembranes. Upon activation, TC10 induces a phospholipid affinity switch in Cb, which allows Cb to specifically interact with phosphoinositide species present at the plasma membrane. We propose that this GTPase-based regulatory switch mechanism represents an important step in the process of tethering of Cb-dependent scaffolds and receptors at nascent postsynapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Kilisch
- Department of Molecular Biology, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, Göttingen 37073, Germany
| | - Simone Mayer
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein Str. 3, Göttingen 37075, Germany
| | - Miso Mitkovski
- MPI-EM Light Microscopy Facility, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein Str. 3, Göttingen 37075, Germany
| | - Heiko Roehse
- MPI-EM Light Microscopy Facility, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein Str. 3, Göttingen 37075, Germany
| | - Jennifer Hentrich
- Department of Molecular Biology, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, Göttingen 37073, Germany
| | - Blanche Schwappach
- Department of Molecular Biology, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, Göttingen 37073, Germany
| | - Theofilos Papadopoulos
- Department of Molecular Biology, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, Göttingen 37073, Germany
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19
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Yao R, Zhang Y, Liu J, Wang J, Xu Y, Li N, Wang J, Yu T. Clinical and Molecular Characterization of Three Novel ARHGEF9 Mutations in Patients with Developmental Delay and Epilepsy. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 70:908-915. [PMID: 31942680 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01465-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 9 gene (ARHGEF9) are present in patients with heterogeneous phenotypes including psychomotor developmental delay and variable degrees of epilepsy. Malfunction of collybistin (CB) encoded by ARHGEF9 leading to impaired clustering of gephyrin-dependent glycine receptors and γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAα) receptors is a crucial pathogenic mechanism. Here, we report on three patients with epilepsy and mental retardation. We studied three male patients with epilepsy and mild to moderate mental retardation. We conducted targeted panel sequencing of genes known to cause inherited disorders. In vitro studies and transcriptional experiments were performed to evaluate the functional and splicing effects of these variants on CB. Two novel missense variants (p.I294T and p.R357I) and one novel splicing variant (c.381+3A>G) in ARHGEF9 were identified in the three patients, respectively. In vitro studies confirmed that the two missense variants disrupted CB-mediated accumulation of gephyrin in submembrane microclusters. Transcriptional experiments of the splicing variant revealed the presence of aberrant transcripts leading to truncated protein product. Significance: Our cases and functional studies enrich our understanding of the phenotypic and genotypic spectrum of ARHGEF9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruen Yao
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1678 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1678 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiwen Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufei Xu
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1678 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Niu Li
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1678 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1678 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tingting Yu
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1678 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Contreras A, Hines DJ, Hines RM. Molecular Specialization of GABAergic Synapses on the Soma and Axon in Cortical and Hippocampal Circuit Function and Dysfunction. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:154. [PMID: 31297048 PMCID: PMC6607995 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The diversity of inhibitory interneurons allows for the coordination and modulation of excitatory principal cell firing. Interneurons that release GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) onto the soma and axon exert powerful control by virtue of proximity to the site of action potential generation at the axon initial segment (AIS). Here, we review and examine the cellular and molecular regulation of soma and axon targeting GABAergic synapses in the cortex and hippocampus. We also describe their role in controlling network activity in normal and pathological states. Recent studies have demonstrated a specific role for postsynaptic dystroglycan in the formation and maintenance of cholecystokinin positive basket cell terminals contacting the soma, and postsynaptic collybistin in parvalbumin positive chandelier cell contacts onto the AIS. Unique presynaptic molecular contributors, LGI2 and FGF13, expressed in parvalbumin positive basket cells and chandelier cells, respectively, have also recently been identified. Mutations in the genes encoding proteins critical for somatic and AIS inhibitory synapses have been associated with human disorders of the nervous system. Dystroglycan dysfunction in some congenital muscular dystrophies is associated with developmental brain malformations, intellectual disability, and rare epilepsy. Collybistin dysfunction has been linked to hyperekplexia, epilepsy, intellectual disability, and developmental disorders. Both LGI2 and FGF13 mutations are implicated in syndromes with epilepsy as a component. Advancing our understanding of the powerful roles of somatic and axonic GABAergic contacts in controlling activity patterns in the cortex and hippocampus will provide insight into the pathogenesis of epilepsy and other nervous system disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- April Contreras
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
| | - Dustin J Hines
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
| | - Rochelle M Hines
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
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21
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Aarabi M, Kessler E, Madan-Khetarpal S, Surti U, Bellissimo D, Rajkovic A, Yatsenko SA. Autism spectrum disorder in females with ARHGEF9 alterations and a random pattern of X chromosome inactivation. Eur J Med Genet 2019; 62:239-242. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2018.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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22
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Niftullayev S, Lamarche-Vane N. Regulators of Rho GTPases in the Nervous System: Molecular Implication in Axon Guidance and Neurological Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1497. [PMID: 30934641 PMCID: PMC6471118 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the fundamental steps during development of the nervous system is the formation of proper connections between neurons and their target cells-a process called neural wiring, failure of which causes neurological disorders ranging from autism to Down's syndrome. Axons navigate through the complex environment of a developing embryo toward their targets, which can be far away from their cell bodies. Successful implementation of neuronal wiring, which is crucial for fulfillment of all behavioral functions, is achieved through an intimate interplay between axon guidance and neural activity. In this review, our focus will be on axon pathfinding and the implication of some of its downstream molecular components in neurological disorders. More precisely, we will talk about axon guidance and the molecules implicated in this process. After, we will briefly review the Rho family of small GTPases, their regulators, and their involvement in downstream signaling pathways of the axon guidance cues/receptor complexes. We will then proceed to the final and main part of this review, where we will thoroughly comment on the implication of the regulators for Rho GTPases-GEFs (Guanine nucleotide Exchange Factors) and GAPs (GTPase-activating Proteins)-in neurological diseases and disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadig Niftullayev
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the MUHC, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B2, Canada.
| | - Nathalie Lamarche-Vane
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the MUHC, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B2, Canada.
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Chiou TT, Long P, Schumann-Gillett A, Kanamarlapudi V, Haas SA, Harvey K, O'Mara ML, De Blas AL, Kalscheuer VM, Harvey RJ. Mutation p.R356Q in the Collybistin Phosphoinositide Binding Site Is Associated With Mild Intellectual Disability. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:60. [PMID: 30914922 PMCID: PMC6422930 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The recruitment of inhibitory GABAA receptors to neuronal synapses requires a complex interplay between receptors, neuroligins, the scaffolding protein gephyrin and the GDP-GTP exchange factor collybistin (CB). Collybistin is regulated by protein-protein interactions at the N-terminal SH3 domain, which can bind neuroligins 2/4 and the GABAAR α2 subunit. Collybistin also harbors a RhoGEF domain which mediates interactions with gephyrin and catalyzes GDP-GTP exchange on Cdc42. Lastly, collybistin has a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, which binds phosphoinositides, such as phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI3P/PtdIns3P) and phosphatidylinositol 4-monophosphate (PI4P/PtdIns4P). PI3P located in early/sorting endosomes has recently been shown to regulate the postsynaptic clustering of gephyrin and GABAA receptors and consequently the strength of inhibitory synapses in cultured hippocampal neurons. This process is disrupted by mutations in the collybistin gene (ARHGEF9), which cause X-linked intellectual disability (XLID) by a variety of mechanisms converging on disrupted gephyrin and GABAA receptor clustering at central synapses. Here we report a novel missense mutation (chrX:62875607C>T, p.R356Q) in ARHGEF9 that affects one of the two paired arginine residues in the PH domain that were predicted to be vital for binding phosphoinositides. Functional assays revealed that recombinant collybistin CB3SH3- R356Q was deficient in PI3P binding and was not able to translocate EGFP-gephyrin to submembrane microaggregates in an in vitro clustering assay. Expression of the PI3P-binding mutants CB3SH3- R356Q and CB3SH3- R356N/R357N in cultured hippocampal neurones revealed that the mutant proteins did not accumulate at inhibitory synapses, but instead resulted in a clear decrease in the overall number of synaptic gephyrin clusters compared to controls. Molecular dynamics simulations suggest that the p.R356Q substitution influences PI3P binding by altering the range of structural conformations adopted by collybistin. Taken together, these results suggest that the p.R356Q mutation in ARHGEF9 is the underlying cause of XLID in the probands, disrupting gephyrin clustering at inhibitory GABAergic synapses via loss of collybistin PH domain phosphoinositide binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Ting Chiou
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Philip Long
- Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Stefan A Haas
- Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kirsten Harvey
- Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, United Kingdom
| | - Megan L O'Mara
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Angel L De Blas
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Vera M Kalscheuer
- Group Development and Disease, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert J Harvey
- School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia.,Sunshine Coast Health Institute, Birtinya, QLD, Australia
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Shoubridge C, Harvey RJ, Dudding-Byth T. IQSEC2mutation update and review of the female-specific phenotype spectrum including intellectual disability and epilepsy. Hum Mutat 2018; 40:5-24. [DOI: 10.1002/humu.23670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Shoubridge
- Department of Paediatrics; University of Adelaide; Adelaide South Australia 5005 Australia
- Robinson Research Institute; University of Adelaide; Adelaide South Australia 5005 Australia
| | - Robert J. Harvey
- School of Health and Sport Sciences; University of the Sunshine Coast; Maroochydore DC Queensland 4558 Australia
- Sunshine Coast Health Institute; Birtinya Queensland 4575 Australia
| | - Tracy Dudding-Byth
- NSW Genetics of Learning Disability Service; Hunter New England Health Service; New South Wales 2298 Australia
- Grow-Up-Well Priority Research Centre; University of Newcastle; Newcastle New South Wales 2308 Australia
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25
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Tzschach A. X-chromosomale Intelligenzminderung. MED GENET-BERLIN 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11825-018-0207-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung
X-chromosomale Intelligenzminderung („X-linked intellectual disability“, XLID) ist eine heterogene Krankheitsgruppe; inzwischen sind mehr als 100 XLID-Gene identifiziert worden. Das Fragile-X-Syndrom mit CGG-Repeatexpansion in der 5’-UTR des FMR1-Gens ist die häufigste monogene Ursache für Intelligenzminderung. Weitere X‑chromosomale Gene mit vergleichsweise hohen Mutationsprävalenzen sind ATRX, RPS6KA3, GPC3, SLC16A2, SLC6A8 und ARX. Die Ursachen für XLID verteilen sich zu ca. 90 % auf molekulargenetisch nachweisbare Mutationen und zu ca. 10 % auf chromosomale Kopienzahlvarianten („copy-number variants“, CNVs). Häufige CNVs sind Duplikationen in Xq28 unter Einschluss von MECP2 sowie das Xp11.22-Duplikations-Syndrom mit Überexpression von HUWE1. Mit den aktuellen Untersuchungsmethoden kann bei ca. 10 % der männlichen Patienten mit Intelligenzminderung eine X‑chromosomale Ursache nachgewiesen werden. Neue Erkenntnisse zu XLID sind für die nächsten Jahre am ehesten in den nicht kodierenden Regionen zu erwarten, wo wahrscheinlich ein weiterer Teil der Ursachen für das bislang nicht vollständig erklärte Überwiegen männlicher Patienten zu suchen ist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Tzschach
- Aff1 0000 0001 2111 7257 grid.4488.0 Institut für Klinische Genetik Technische Universität Dresden Fetscherstr. 74 01307 Dresden Deutschland
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26
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Groeneweg FL, Trattnig C, Kuhse J, Nawrotzki RA, Kirsch J. Gephyrin: a key regulatory protein of inhibitory synapses and beyond. Histochem Cell Biol 2018; 150:489-508. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-018-1725-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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27
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Hines RM, Maric HM, Hines DJ, Modgil A, Panzanelli P, Nakamura Y, Nathanson AJ, Cross A, Deeb T, Brandon NJ, Davies P, Fritschy JM, Schindelin H, Moss SJ. Developmental seizures and mortality result from reducing GABA A receptor α2-subunit interaction with collybistin. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3130. [PMID: 30087324 PMCID: PMC6081406 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05481-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fast inhibitory synaptic transmission is mediated by γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors (GABAARs) that are enriched at functionally diverse synapses via mechanisms that remain unclear. Using isothermal titration calorimetry and complementary methods we demonstrate an exclusive low micromolar binding of collybistin to the α2-subunit of GABAARs. To explore the biological relevance of collybistin-α2-subunit selectivity, we generate mice with a mutation in the α2-subunit-collybistin binding region (Gabra2-1). The mutation results in loss of a distinct subset of inhibitory synapses and decreased amplitude of inhibitory synaptic currents. Gabra2-1 mice have a striking phenotype characterized by increased susceptibility to seizures and early mortality. Surviving Gabra2-1 mice show anxiety and elevations in electroencephalogram δ power, which are ameliorated by treatment with the α2/α3-selective positive modulator, AZD7325. Taken together, our results demonstrate an α2-subunit selective binding of collybistin, which plays a key role in patterned brain activity, particularly during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rochelle M Hines
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, 02111, MA, USA.
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, 89154, Ne, USA.
| | - Hans Michael Maric
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, D-97080, Germany
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, D-97080, Germany
| | - Dustin J Hines
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, 02111, MA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, 89154, Ne, USA
| | - Amit Modgil
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, 02111, MA, USA
| | - Patrizia Panzanelli
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini, University of Turin, Turin, 10126, Italy
| | - Yasuko Nakamura
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, 02111, MA, USA
| | - Anna J Nathanson
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, 02111, MA, USA
| | - Alan Cross
- AstraZeneca Neuroscience iMED, Biotech Unit, Boston, 02451, MA, USA
| | - Tarek Deeb
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, 02111, MA, USA
- AstraZeneca Tufts Laboratory for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Boston, 02111, MA, USA
| | - Nicholas J Brandon
- AstraZeneca Neuroscience iMED, Biotech Unit, Boston, 02451, MA, USA
- AstraZeneca Tufts Laboratory for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Boston, 02111, MA, USA
| | - Paul Davies
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, 02111, MA, USA
| | - Jean-Marc Fritschy
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
- Center for Neuroscience Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
| | - Hermann Schindelin
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, D-97080, Germany
| | - Stephen J Moss
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, 02111, MA, USA.
- AstraZeneca Tufts Laboratory for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Boston, 02111, MA, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
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28
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Ibaraki K, Mizuno M, Aoki H, Niwa A, Iwamoto I, Hara A, Tabata H, Ito H, Nagata KI. Biochemical and Morphological Characterization of a Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor ARHGEF9 in Mouse Tissues. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2018; 51:119-128. [PMID: 30083020 PMCID: PMC6066644 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.18009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
ARHGEF9, also known as Collybistin, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rho family GTPases, is thought to play an essential role in the mammalian brain. In this study, we prepared a specific polyclonal antibody against ARHGEF9, anti-ARHGEF9, and carried out expression analyses with mouse tissues especially brain. Western blotting analyses demonstrated tissue-dependent expression profiles of ARHGEF9 in the young adult mouse, and strongly suggested a role during brain development. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed developmental stage-dependent expression profiles of ARHGEF9 in cerebral cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum. ARHGEF9 exhibited partial localization at dendritic spines in cultured hippocampal neurons. From the obtained results, anti-ARHGEF9 was found to be a useful tool for biochemical and cell biological analyses of ARHGEF9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Ibaraki
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center
| | - Makoto Mizuno
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center
| | - Hitomi Aoki
- Department of Tissue and Organ Development, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Ayumi Niwa
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Ikuko Iwamoto
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center
| | - Akira Hara
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hidenori Tabata
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center
| | - Hidenori Ito
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center
| | - Koh-ichi Nagata
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center
- Department of Neurochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
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29
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Rho GTPases in Intellectual Disability: From Genetics to Therapeutic Opportunities. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061821. [PMID: 29925821 PMCID: PMC6032284 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho-class small GTPases are implicated in basic cellular processes at nearly all brain developmental steps, from neurogenesis and migration to axon guidance and synaptic plasticity. GTPases are key signal transducing enzymes that link extracellular cues to the neuronal responses required for the construction of neuronal networks, as well as for synaptic function and plasticity. Rho GTPases are highly regulated by a complex set of activating (GEFs) and inactivating (GAPs) partners, via protein:protein interactions (PPI). Misregulated RhoA, Rac1/Rac3 and cdc42 activity has been linked with intellectual disability (ID) and other neurodevelopmental conditions that comprise ID. All genetic evidences indicate that in these disorders the RhoA pathway is hyperactive while the Rac1 and cdc42 pathways are consistently hypoactive. Adopting cultured neurons for in vitro testing and specific animal models of ID for in vivo examination, the endophenotypes associated with these conditions are emerging and include altered neuronal networking, unbalanced excitation/inhibition and altered synaptic activity and plasticity. As we approach a clearer definition of these phenotype(s) and the role of hyper- and hypo-active GTPases in the construction of neuronal networks, there is an increasing possibility that selective inhibitors and activators might be designed via PPI, or identified by screening, that counteract the misregulation of small GTPases and result in alleviation of the cognitive condition. Here we review all knowledge in support of this possibility.
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30
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Joensuu M, Lanoue V, Hotulainen P. Dendritic spine actin cytoskeleton in autism spectrum disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 84:362-381. [PMID: 28870634 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic spines are small actin-rich protrusions from neuronal dendrites that form the postsynaptic part of most excitatory synapses. Changes in the shape and size of dendritic spines correlate with the functional changes in excitatory synapses and are heavily dependent on the remodeling of the underlying actin cytoskeleton. Recent evidence implicates synapses at dendritic spines as important substrates of pathogenesis in neuropsychiatric disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Although synaptic perturbations are not the only alterations relevant for these diseases, understanding the molecular underpinnings of the spine and synapse pathology may provide insight into their etiologies and could reveal new drug targets. In this review, we will discuss recent findings of defective actin regulation in dendritic spines associated with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merja Joensuu
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Vanessa Lanoue
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Pirta Hotulainen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.
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31
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Boyer MG, Kheloufi F, Denis J, Micallef J, Milh M. Urinary retention associated with aripiprazole: Report of a new case and review of the literature. Therapie 2018; 73:287-289. [DOI: 10.1016/j.therap.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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32
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Ali Rodriguez R, Joya C, Hines RM. Common Ribs of Inhibitory Synaptic Dysfunction in the Umbrella of Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:132. [PMID: 29740280 PMCID: PMC5928253 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The term neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) is an umbrella term used to group together a heterogeneous class of disorders characterized by disruption in cognition, emotion, and behavior, early in the developmental timescale. These disorders are heterogeneous, yet they share common behavioral symptomatology as well as overlapping genetic contributors, including proteins involved in the formation, specialization, and function of synaptic connections. Advances may arise from bridging the current knowledge on synapse related factors indicated from both human studies in NDD populations, and in animal models. Mounting evidence has shown a link to inhibitory synapse formation, specialization, and function among Autism, Angelman, Rett and Dravet syndromes. Inhibitory signaling is diverse, with numerous subtypes of inhibitory interneurons, phasic and tonic modes of inhibition, and the molecular and subcellular diversity of GABAA receptors. We discuss common ribs of inhibitory synapse dysfunction in the umbrella of NDD, highlighting alterations in the developmental switch to inhibitory GABA, dysregulation of neuronal activity patterns by parvalbumin-positive interneurons, and impaired tonic inhibition. Increasing our basic understanding of inhibitory synapses, and their role in NDDs is likely to produce significant therapeutic advances in behavioral symptom alleviation for interrelated NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Ali Rodriguez
- Neuroscience Emphasis, Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
| | - Christina Joya
- Neuroscience Emphasis, Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
| | - Rochelle M Hines
- Neuroscience Emphasis, Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
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33
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Babaev O, Piletti Chatain C, Krueger-Burg D. Inhibition in the amygdala anxiety circuitry. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:1-16. [PMID: 29628509 PMCID: PMC5938054 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-018-0063-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitory neurotransmission plays a key role in anxiety disorders, as evidenced by the anxiolytic effect of the benzodiazepine class of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor agonists and the recent discovery of anxiety-associated variants in the molecular components of inhibitory synapses. Accordingly, substantial interest has focused on understanding how inhibitory neurons and synapses contribute to the circuitry underlying adaptive and pathological anxiety behaviors. A key element of the anxiety circuitry is the amygdala, which integrates information from cortical and thalamic sensory inputs to generate fear and anxiety-related behavioral outputs. Information processing within the amygdala is heavily dependent on inhibitory control, although the specific mechanisms by which amygdala GABAergic neurons and synapses regulate anxiety-related behaviors are only beginning to be uncovered. Here, we summarize the current state of knowledge and highlight open questions regarding the role of inhibition in the amygdala anxiety circuitry. We discuss the inhibitory neuron subtypes that contribute to the processing of anxiety information in the basolateral and central amygdala, as well as the molecular determinants, such as GABA receptors and synapse organizer proteins, that shape inhibitory synaptic transmission within the anxiety circuitry. Finally, we conclude with an overview of current and future approaches for converting this knowledge into successful treatment strategies for anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Babaev
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Str. 3, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Carolina Piletti Chatain
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Str. 3, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dilja Krueger-Burg
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Str. 3, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
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34
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Synaptic Plasticity and Excitation-Inhibition Balance in the Dentate Gyrus: Insights from In Vivo Recordings in Neuroligin-1, Neuroligin-2, and Collybistin Knockouts. Neural Plast 2018; 2018:6015753. [PMID: 29670649 PMCID: PMC5835277 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6015753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The hippocampal dentate gyrus plays a role in spatial learning and memory and is thought to encode differences between similar environments. The integrity of excitatory and inhibitory transmission and a fine balance between them is essential for efficient processing of information. Therefore, identification and functional characterization of crucial molecular players at excitatory and inhibitory inputs is critical for understanding the dentate gyrus function. In this minireview, we discuss recent studies unraveling molecular mechanisms of excitatory/inhibitory synaptic transmission, long-term synaptic plasticity, and dentate granule cell excitability in the hippocampus of live animals. We focus on the role of three major postsynaptic proteins localized at excitatory (neuroligin-1) and inhibitory synapses (neuroligin-2 and collybistin). In vivo recordings of field potentials have the advantage of characterizing the effects of the loss of these proteins on the input-output function of granule cells embedded in a network with intact connectivity. The lack of neuroligin-1 leads to deficient synaptic plasticity and reduced excitation but normal granule cell output, suggesting unaltered excitation-inhibition ratio. In contrast, the lack of neuroligin-2 and collybistin reduces inhibition resulting in a shift towards excitation of the dentate circuitry.
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35
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Gonzalez TL, Sun T, Koeppel AF, Lee B, Wang ET, Farber CR, Rich SS, Sundheimer LW, Buttle RA, Chen YDI, Rotter JI, Turner SD, Williams J, Goodarzi MO, Pisarska MD. Sex differences in the late first trimester human placenta transcriptome. Biol Sex Differ 2018; 9:4. [PMID: 29335024 PMCID: PMC5769539 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-018-0165-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Development of the placenta during the late first trimester is critical to ensure normal growth and development of the fetus. Developmental differences in this window such as sex-specific variation are implicated in later placental disease states, yet gene expression at this time is poorly understood. Methods RNA-sequencing was performed to characterize the transcriptome of 39 first trimester human placentas using chorionic villi following genetic testing (17 females, 22 males). Gene enrichment analysis was performed to find enriched canonical pathways and gene ontologies in the first trimester. DESeq2 was used to find sexually dimorphic gene expression. Patient demographics were analyzed for sex differences in fetal weight at time of chorionic villus sampling and birth. Results RNA-sequencing analyses detected 14,250 expressed genes, with chromosome 19 contributing the greatest proportion (973/2852, 34.1% of chromosome 19 genes) and Y chromosome contributing the least (16/568, 2.8%). Several placenta-enriched genes as well as histone-coding genes were identified to be unique to the first trimester and common to both sexes. Further, we identified 58 genes with significantly different expression between males and females: 25 X-linked, 15 Y-linked, and 18 autosomal genes. Genes that escape X inactivation were highly represented (59.1%) among X-linked genes upregulated in females. Many genes differentially expressed by sex consisted of X/Y gene pairs, suggesting that dosage compensation plays a role in sex differences. These X/Y pairs had roles in parallel, ancient canonical pathways important for eukaryotic cell growth and survival: chromatin modification, transcription, splicing, and translation. Conclusions This study is the first characterization of the late first trimester placenta transcriptome, highlighting similarities and differences among the sexes in ongoing human pregnancies resulting in live births. Sexual dimorphism may contribute to pregnancy outcomes, including fetal growth and birth weight, which was seen in our cohort, with males significantly heavier than females at birth. This transcriptome provides a basis for development of early diagnostic tests of placental function that can indicate overall pregnancy heath, fetal-maternal health, and long-term adult health. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13293-018-0165-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania L Gonzalez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tianyanxin Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alexander F Koeppel
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Bora Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Erica T Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Charles R Farber
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Lauren W Sundheimer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rae A Buttle
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Stephen D Turner
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - John Williams
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mark O Goodarzi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Margareta D Pisarska
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Wang JY, Zhou P, Wang J, Tang B, Su T, Liu XR, Li BM, Meng H, Shi YW, Yi YH, He N, Liao WP. ARHGEF9 mutations in epileptic encephalopathy/intellectual disability: toward understanding the mechanism underlying phenotypic variation. Neurogenetics 2017; 19:9-16. [PMID: 29130122 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-017-0528-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
ARHGEF9 resides on Xq11.1 and encodes collybistin, which is crucial in gephyrin clustering and GABAA receptor localization. ARHGEF9 mutations have been identified in patients with heterogeneous phenotypes, including epilepsy of variable severity and intellectual disability. However, the mechanism underlying phenotype variation is unknown. Using next-generation sequencing, we identified a novel mutation, c.868C > T/p.R290C, which co-segregated with epileptic encephalopathy, and validated its association with epileptic encephalopathy. Further analysis revealed that all ARHGEF9 mutations were associated with intellectual disability, suggesting its critical role in psychomotor development. Three missense mutations in the PH domain were not associated with epilepsy, suggesting that the co-occurrence of epilepsy depends on the affected functional domains. Missense mutations with severe molecular alteration in the DH domain, or located in the DH-gephyrin binding region, or adjacent to the SH3-NL2 binding site were associated with severe epilepsy, implying that the clinical severity was potentially determined by alteration of molecular structure and location of mutations. Male patients with ARHGEF9 mutations presented more severe phenotypes than female patients, which suggests a gene-dose effect and supports the pathogenic role of ARHGEF9 mutations. This study highlights the role of molecular alteration in phenotype expression and facilitates evaluation of the pathogenicity of ARHGEF9 mutations in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yang Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Please check if the affiliations are presented correctly.The affiliations are presented correctly., Chang-Gang-Dong Road 250, Guangzhou, 510260, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Please check if the affiliations are presented correctly.The affiliations are presented correctly., Chang-Gang-Dong Road 250, Guangzhou, 510260, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Please check if the affiliations are presented correctly.The affiliations are presented correctly., Chang-Gang-Dong Road 250, Guangzhou, 510260, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Bin Tang
- Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Please check if the affiliations are presented correctly.The affiliations are presented correctly., Chang-Gang-Dong Road 250, Guangzhou, 510260, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Tao Su
- Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Please check if the affiliations are presented correctly.The affiliations are presented correctly., Chang-Gang-Dong Road 250, Guangzhou, 510260, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Xiao-Rong Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Please check if the affiliations are presented correctly.The affiliations are presented correctly., Chang-Gang-Dong Road 250, Guangzhou, 510260, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Bing-Mei Li
- Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Please check if the affiliations are presented correctly.The affiliations are presented correctly., Chang-Gang-Dong Road 250, Guangzhou, 510260, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Heng Meng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangdong, 510630, China
- Clinical Neuroscience Institute of Jinan University, Guangdong, 510630, China
| | - Yi-Wu Shi
- Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Please check if the affiliations are presented correctly.The affiliations are presented correctly., Chang-Gang-Dong Road 250, Guangzhou, 510260, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Yong-Hong Yi
- Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Please check if the affiliations are presented correctly.The affiliations are presented correctly., Chang-Gang-Dong Road 250, Guangzhou, 510260, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Na He
- Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Please check if the affiliations are presented correctly.The affiliations are presented correctly., Chang-Gang-Dong Road 250, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
| | - Wei-Ping Liao
- Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Please check if the affiliations are presented correctly.The affiliations are presented correctly., Chang-Gang-Dong Road 250, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
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de Groot C, Floriou-Servou A, Tsai YC, Früh S, Kohler M, Parkin G, Schwerdel C, Bosshard G, Kaila K, Fritschy JM, Tyagarajan SK. RhoGEF9 splice isoforms influence neuronal maturation and synapse formation downstream of α2 GABAA receptors. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1007073. [PMID: 29069083 PMCID: PMC5673238 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In developing brain neuronal migration, dendrite outgrowth and dendritic spine outgrowth are controlled by Cdc42, a small GTPase of the Rho family, and its activators. Cdc42 function in promoting actin polymerization is crucial for glutamatergic synapse regulation. Here, we focus on GABAergic synapse-specific activator of Cdc42, collybistin (CB) and examine functional differences between its splice isoforms CB1 and CB2. We report that CB1 and CB2 differentially regulate GABAergic synapse formation in vitro along proximal-distal axis and adult-born neuron maturation in vivo. The functional specialization between CB1 and CB2 isoforms arises from their differential protein half-life, in turn regulated by ubiquitin conjugation of the unique CB1 C-terminus. We report that CB1 and CB2 negatively regulate Cdc42; however, Cdc42 activation is dependent on CB interaction with gephyrin. During hippocampal adult neurogenesis CB1 regulates neuronal migration, while CB2 is essential for dendrite outgrowth. Finally, using mice lacking Gabra2 subunit, we show that CB1 function is downstream of GABAARs, and we can rescue adult neurogenesis deficit observed in Gabra2 KO. Overall, our results uncover previously unexpected role for CB isoforms downstream of α2-containing GABAARs during neuron maturation in a Cdc42 dependent mechanism. GABAergic inhibition regulates distinct stages of brain development; however, cellular mechanisms downstream of GABAA receptors (GABAARs) that influence neuronal migration, maturation and synaptogenesis are less clear. ArfGEF9 encodes for RhoGEF with Cdc42 and TC10 GTPase as its substrates. Interestingly, ArhGEF9 is the only known RhoGEF essential for GABAergic synapse formation and maintenance. We report that during brain development ArfGEF9 mRNA splicing regulation generates different ratios of CB1 and CB2 splice isoforms. CB1 mRNA splicing is enhanced during early brain developmental, while CB2 levels remains constant throughout brain development. We also show that CB1 protein has shorter half-life and ubiquitin proteasome system restricts CB1 abundance within developing neuron to modulate neuron migration and distributing GABAergic synapse along the proximal-distal axis. On the other hand, CB2 isoform although expressed abundantly throughout brain development is essential for neuron dendrite maturation. Together, our data identifies specific post-transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms downstream of GABAARs influencing ArhGEF9 function to regulate distinct aspects of neuronal maturation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire de Groot
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Center for Neuroscience Zurich (ZNZ), Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Yuan-Chen Tsai
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Center for Neuroscience Zurich (ZNZ), Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Simon Früh
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Center for Neuroscience Zurich (ZNZ), Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Manuela Kohler
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Georgia Parkin
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Cornelia Schwerdel
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Giovanna Bosshard
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kai Kaila
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jean-Marc Fritschy
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Center for Neuroscience Zurich (ZNZ), Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Shiva K. Tyagarajan
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Center for Neuroscience Zurich (ZNZ), Zürich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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Krueger-Burg D, Papadopoulos T, Brose N. Organizers of inhibitory synapses come of age. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2017; 45:66-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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39
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The phenotypic spectrum of ARHGEF9 includes intellectual disability, focal epilepsy and febrile seizures. J Neurol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00415-017-8539-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Alber M, Kalscheuer VM, Marco E, Sherr E, Lesca G, Till M, Gradek G, Wiesener A, Korenke C, Mercier S, Becker F, Yamamoto T, Scherer SW, Marshall CR, Walker S, Dutta UR, Dalal AB, Suckow V, Jamali P, Kahrizi K, Najmabadi H, Minassian BA. ARHGEF9 disease: Phenotype clarification and genotype-phenotype correlation. NEUROLOGY-GENETICS 2017; 3:e148. [PMID: 28589176 PMCID: PMC5446782 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to generate a review and description of the phenotypic and genotypic spectra of ARHGEF9 mutations. METHODS Patients with mutations or chromosomal disruptions affecting ARHGEF9 were identified through our clinics and review of the literature. Detailed medical history and examination findings were obtained via a standardized questionnaire, or if this was not possible by reviewing the published phenotypic features. RESULTS A total of 18 patients (including 5 females) were identified. Six had de novo, 5 had maternally inherited mutations, and 7 had chromosomal disruptions. All females had strongly skewed X-inactivation in favor of the abnormal X-chromosome. Symptoms presented in early childhood with delayed motor development alone or in combination with seizures. Intellectual disability was severe in most and moderate in patients with milder mutations. Males with severe intellectual disability had severe, often intractable, epilepsy and exhibited a particular facial dysmorphism. Patients with mutations in exon 9 affecting the protein's PH domain did not develop epilepsy. CONCLUSIONS ARHGEF9 encodes a crucial neuronal synaptic protein; loss of function of which results in severe intellectual disability, epilepsy, and a particular facial dysmorphism. Loss of only the protein's PH domain function is associated with the absence of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Alber
- Department of Paediatrics (Neurology) (M.A., B.A.M.), Program in Genetics and Genome Biology (S.W.S., C.R.M., S.W., B.A.M.), The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Canada; Research Group Development and Disease (V.M.K., V.S.), Max Plank Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.M., E.S.), University of California, San Francisco; Service de Cytogenetique Constitutionnelle (G.L., M.T.), Hospice Civils de Lyon, France; Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine (G.G.), Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Humangenetisches Institut (A.W.), Universitaetsklinikum Erlangen, Germany; Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin (C.K.), Elisabeth Kinderkrankenhaus, Oldenburg, Germany; Service de Genetique Medicale (S.M.), CHU Hotel Dieu, Nantes, France; Neurologische Universitätsklinik (F.B.), Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Medical Genetics (T.Y.), Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan; Diagnostics Division (U.R.D., A.B.D.), Center for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Telangana, India; Shahrood Welfare Organization (P.J.), Shahrood, Iran; and Genetics Research Center (K.K., H.N.), University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vera M Kalscheuer
- Department of Paediatrics (Neurology) (M.A., B.A.M.), Program in Genetics and Genome Biology (S.W.S., C.R.M., S.W., B.A.M.), The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Canada; Research Group Development and Disease (V.M.K., V.S.), Max Plank Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.M., E.S.), University of California, San Francisco; Service de Cytogenetique Constitutionnelle (G.L., M.T.), Hospice Civils de Lyon, France; Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine (G.G.), Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Humangenetisches Institut (A.W.), Universitaetsklinikum Erlangen, Germany; Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin (C.K.), Elisabeth Kinderkrankenhaus, Oldenburg, Germany; Service de Genetique Medicale (S.M.), CHU Hotel Dieu, Nantes, France; Neurologische Universitätsklinik (F.B.), Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Medical Genetics (T.Y.), Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan; Diagnostics Division (U.R.D., A.B.D.), Center for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Telangana, India; Shahrood Welfare Organization (P.J.), Shahrood, Iran; and Genetics Research Center (K.K., H.N.), University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elysa Marco
- Department of Paediatrics (Neurology) (M.A., B.A.M.), Program in Genetics and Genome Biology (S.W.S., C.R.M., S.W., B.A.M.), The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Canada; Research Group Development and Disease (V.M.K., V.S.), Max Plank Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.M., E.S.), University of California, San Francisco; Service de Cytogenetique Constitutionnelle (G.L., M.T.), Hospice Civils de Lyon, France; Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine (G.G.), Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Humangenetisches Institut (A.W.), Universitaetsklinikum Erlangen, Germany; Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin (C.K.), Elisabeth Kinderkrankenhaus, Oldenburg, Germany; Service de Genetique Medicale (S.M.), CHU Hotel Dieu, Nantes, France; Neurologische Universitätsklinik (F.B.), Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Medical Genetics (T.Y.), Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan; Diagnostics Division (U.R.D., A.B.D.), Center for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Telangana, India; Shahrood Welfare Organization (P.J.), Shahrood, Iran; and Genetics Research Center (K.K., H.N.), University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elliott Sherr
- Department of Paediatrics (Neurology) (M.A., B.A.M.), Program in Genetics and Genome Biology (S.W.S., C.R.M., S.W., B.A.M.), The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Canada; Research Group Development and Disease (V.M.K., V.S.), Max Plank Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.M., E.S.), University of California, San Francisco; Service de Cytogenetique Constitutionnelle (G.L., M.T.), Hospice Civils de Lyon, France; Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine (G.G.), Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Humangenetisches Institut (A.W.), Universitaetsklinikum Erlangen, Germany; Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin (C.K.), Elisabeth Kinderkrankenhaus, Oldenburg, Germany; Service de Genetique Medicale (S.M.), CHU Hotel Dieu, Nantes, France; Neurologische Universitätsklinik (F.B.), Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Medical Genetics (T.Y.), Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan; Diagnostics Division (U.R.D., A.B.D.), Center for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Telangana, India; Shahrood Welfare Organization (P.J.), Shahrood, Iran; and Genetics Research Center (K.K., H.N.), University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gaetan Lesca
- Department of Paediatrics (Neurology) (M.A., B.A.M.), Program in Genetics and Genome Biology (S.W.S., C.R.M., S.W., B.A.M.), The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Canada; Research Group Development and Disease (V.M.K., V.S.), Max Plank Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.M., E.S.), University of California, San Francisco; Service de Cytogenetique Constitutionnelle (G.L., M.T.), Hospice Civils de Lyon, France; Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine (G.G.), Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Humangenetisches Institut (A.W.), Universitaetsklinikum Erlangen, Germany; Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin (C.K.), Elisabeth Kinderkrankenhaus, Oldenburg, Germany; Service de Genetique Medicale (S.M.), CHU Hotel Dieu, Nantes, France; Neurologische Universitätsklinik (F.B.), Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Medical Genetics (T.Y.), Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan; Diagnostics Division (U.R.D., A.B.D.), Center for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Telangana, India; Shahrood Welfare Organization (P.J.), Shahrood, Iran; and Genetics Research Center (K.K., H.N.), University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marianne Till
- Department of Paediatrics (Neurology) (M.A., B.A.M.), Program in Genetics and Genome Biology (S.W.S., C.R.M., S.W., B.A.M.), The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Canada; Research Group Development and Disease (V.M.K., V.S.), Max Plank Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.M., E.S.), University of California, San Francisco; Service de Cytogenetique Constitutionnelle (G.L., M.T.), Hospice Civils de Lyon, France; Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine (G.G.), Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Humangenetisches Institut (A.W.), Universitaetsklinikum Erlangen, Germany; Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin (C.K.), Elisabeth Kinderkrankenhaus, Oldenburg, Germany; Service de Genetique Medicale (S.M.), CHU Hotel Dieu, Nantes, France; Neurologische Universitätsklinik (F.B.), Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Medical Genetics (T.Y.), Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan; Diagnostics Division (U.R.D., A.B.D.), Center for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Telangana, India; Shahrood Welfare Organization (P.J.), Shahrood, Iran; and Genetics Research Center (K.K., H.N.), University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gyri Gradek
- Department of Paediatrics (Neurology) (M.A., B.A.M.), Program in Genetics and Genome Biology (S.W.S., C.R.M., S.W., B.A.M.), The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Canada; Research Group Development and Disease (V.M.K., V.S.), Max Plank Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.M., E.S.), University of California, San Francisco; Service de Cytogenetique Constitutionnelle (G.L., M.T.), Hospice Civils de Lyon, France; Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine (G.G.), Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Humangenetisches Institut (A.W.), Universitaetsklinikum Erlangen, Germany; Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin (C.K.), Elisabeth Kinderkrankenhaus, Oldenburg, Germany; Service de Genetique Medicale (S.M.), CHU Hotel Dieu, Nantes, France; Neurologische Universitätsklinik (F.B.), Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Medical Genetics (T.Y.), Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan; Diagnostics Division (U.R.D., A.B.D.), Center for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Telangana, India; Shahrood Welfare Organization (P.J.), Shahrood, Iran; and Genetics Research Center (K.K., H.N.), University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Antje Wiesener
- Department of Paediatrics (Neurology) (M.A., B.A.M.), Program in Genetics and Genome Biology (S.W.S., C.R.M., S.W., B.A.M.), The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Canada; Research Group Development and Disease (V.M.K., V.S.), Max Plank Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.M., E.S.), University of California, San Francisco; Service de Cytogenetique Constitutionnelle (G.L., M.T.), Hospice Civils de Lyon, France; Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine (G.G.), Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Humangenetisches Institut (A.W.), Universitaetsklinikum Erlangen, Germany; Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin (C.K.), Elisabeth Kinderkrankenhaus, Oldenburg, Germany; Service de Genetique Medicale (S.M.), CHU Hotel Dieu, Nantes, France; Neurologische Universitätsklinik (F.B.), Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Medical Genetics (T.Y.), Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan; Diagnostics Division (U.R.D., A.B.D.), Center for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Telangana, India; Shahrood Welfare Organization (P.J.), Shahrood, Iran; and Genetics Research Center (K.K., H.N.), University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Christoph Korenke
- Department of Paediatrics (Neurology) (M.A., B.A.M.), Program in Genetics and Genome Biology (S.W.S., C.R.M., S.W., B.A.M.), The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Canada; Research Group Development and Disease (V.M.K., V.S.), Max Plank Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.M., E.S.), University of California, San Francisco; Service de Cytogenetique Constitutionnelle (G.L., M.T.), Hospice Civils de Lyon, France; Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine (G.G.), Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Humangenetisches Institut (A.W.), Universitaetsklinikum Erlangen, Germany; Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin (C.K.), Elisabeth Kinderkrankenhaus, Oldenburg, Germany; Service de Genetique Medicale (S.M.), CHU Hotel Dieu, Nantes, France; Neurologische Universitätsklinik (F.B.), Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Medical Genetics (T.Y.), Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan; Diagnostics Division (U.R.D., A.B.D.), Center for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Telangana, India; Shahrood Welfare Organization (P.J.), Shahrood, Iran; and Genetics Research Center (K.K., H.N.), University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sandra Mercier
- Department of Paediatrics (Neurology) (M.A., B.A.M.), Program in Genetics and Genome Biology (S.W.S., C.R.M., S.W., B.A.M.), The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Canada; Research Group Development and Disease (V.M.K., V.S.), Max Plank Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.M., E.S.), University of California, San Francisco; Service de Cytogenetique Constitutionnelle (G.L., M.T.), Hospice Civils de Lyon, France; Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine (G.G.), Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Humangenetisches Institut (A.W.), Universitaetsklinikum Erlangen, Germany; Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin (C.K.), Elisabeth Kinderkrankenhaus, Oldenburg, Germany; Service de Genetique Medicale (S.M.), CHU Hotel Dieu, Nantes, France; Neurologische Universitätsklinik (F.B.), Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Medical Genetics (T.Y.), Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan; Diagnostics Division (U.R.D., A.B.D.), Center for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Telangana, India; Shahrood Welfare Organization (P.J.), Shahrood, Iran; and Genetics Research Center (K.K., H.N.), University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Felicitas Becker
- Department of Paediatrics (Neurology) (M.A., B.A.M.), Program in Genetics and Genome Biology (S.W.S., C.R.M., S.W., B.A.M.), The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Canada; Research Group Development and Disease (V.M.K., V.S.), Max Plank Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.M., E.S.), University of California, San Francisco; Service de Cytogenetique Constitutionnelle (G.L., M.T.), Hospice Civils de Lyon, France; Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine (G.G.), Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Humangenetisches Institut (A.W.), Universitaetsklinikum Erlangen, Germany; Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin (C.K.), Elisabeth Kinderkrankenhaus, Oldenburg, Germany; Service de Genetique Medicale (S.M.), CHU Hotel Dieu, Nantes, France; Neurologische Universitätsklinik (F.B.), Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Medical Genetics (T.Y.), Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan; Diagnostics Division (U.R.D., A.B.D.), Center for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Telangana, India; Shahrood Welfare Organization (P.J.), Shahrood, Iran; and Genetics Research Center (K.K., H.N.), University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Toshiyuki Yamamoto
- Department of Paediatrics (Neurology) (M.A., B.A.M.), Program in Genetics and Genome Biology (S.W.S., C.R.M., S.W., B.A.M.), The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Canada; Research Group Development and Disease (V.M.K., V.S.), Max Plank Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.M., E.S.), University of California, San Francisco; Service de Cytogenetique Constitutionnelle (G.L., M.T.), Hospice Civils de Lyon, France; Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine (G.G.), Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Humangenetisches Institut (A.W.), Universitaetsklinikum Erlangen, Germany; Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin (C.K.), Elisabeth Kinderkrankenhaus, Oldenburg, Germany; Service de Genetique Medicale (S.M.), CHU Hotel Dieu, Nantes, France; Neurologische Universitätsklinik (F.B.), Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Medical Genetics (T.Y.), Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan; Diagnostics Division (U.R.D., A.B.D.), Center for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Telangana, India; Shahrood Welfare Organization (P.J.), Shahrood, Iran; and Genetics Research Center (K.K., H.N.), University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Stephen W Scherer
- Department of Paediatrics (Neurology) (M.A., B.A.M.), Program in Genetics and Genome Biology (S.W.S., C.R.M., S.W., B.A.M.), The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Canada; Research Group Development and Disease (V.M.K., V.S.), Max Plank Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.M., E.S.), University of California, San Francisco; Service de Cytogenetique Constitutionnelle (G.L., M.T.), Hospice Civils de Lyon, France; Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine (G.G.), Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Humangenetisches Institut (A.W.), Universitaetsklinikum Erlangen, Germany; Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin (C.K.), Elisabeth Kinderkrankenhaus, Oldenburg, Germany; Service de Genetique Medicale (S.M.), CHU Hotel Dieu, Nantes, France; Neurologische Universitätsklinik (F.B.), Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Medical Genetics (T.Y.), Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan; Diagnostics Division (U.R.D., A.B.D.), Center for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Telangana, India; Shahrood Welfare Organization (P.J.), Shahrood, Iran; and Genetics Research Center (K.K., H.N.), University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Christian R Marshall
- Department of Paediatrics (Neurology) (M.A., B.A.M.), Program in Genetics and Genome Biology (S.W.S., C.R.M., S.W., B.A.M.), The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Canada; Research Group Development and Disease (V.M.K., V.S.), Max Plank Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.M., E.S.), University of California, San Francisco; Service de Cytogenetique Constitutionnelle (G.L., M.T.), Hospice Civils de Lyon, France; Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine (G.G.), Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Humangenetisches Institut (A.W.), Universitaetsklinikum Erlangen, Germany; Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin (C.K.), Elisabeth Kinderkrankenhaus, Oldenburg, Germany; Service de Genetique Medicale (S.M.), CHU Hotel Dieu, Nantes, France; Neurologische Universitätsklinik (F.B.), Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Medical Genetics (T.Y.), Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan; Diagnostics Division (U.R.D., A.B.D.), Center for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Telangana, India; Shahrood Welfare Organization (P.J.), Shahrood, Iran; and Genetics Research Center (K.K., H.N.), University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Susan Walker
- Department of Paediatrics (Neurology) (M.A., B.A.M.), Program in Genetics and Genome Biology (S.W.S., C.R.M., S.W., B.A.M.), The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Canada; Research Group Development and Disease (V.M.K., V.S.), Max Plank Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.M., E.S.), University of California, San Francisco; Service de Cytogenetique Constitutionnelle (G.L., M.T.), Hospice Civils de Lyon, France; Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine (G.G.), Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Humangenetisches Institut (A.W.), Universitaetsklinikum Erlangen, Germany; Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin (C.K.), Elisabeth Kinderkrankenhaus, Oldenburg, Germany; Service de Genetique Medicale (S.M.), CHU Hotel Dieu, Nantes, France; Neurologische Universitätsklinik (F.B.), Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Medical Genetics (T.Y.), Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan; Diagnostics Division (U.R.D., A.B.D.), Center for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Telangana, India; Shahrood Welfare Organization (P.J.), Shahrood, Iran; and Genetics Research Center (K.K., H.N.), University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Usha R Dutta
- Department of Paediatrics (Neurology) (M.A., B.A.M.), Program in Genetics and Genome Biology (S.W.S., C.R.M., S.W., B.A.M.), The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Canada; Research Group Development and Disease (V.M.K., V.S.), Max Plank Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.M., E.S.), University of California, San Francisco; Service de Cytogenetique Constitutionnelle (G.L., M.T.), Hospice Civils de Lyon, France; Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine (G.G.), Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Humangenetisches Institut (A.W.), Universitaetsklinikum Erlangen, Germany; Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin (C.K.), Elisabeth Kinderkrankenhaus, Oldenburg, Germany; Service de Genetique Medicale (S.M.), CHU Hotel Dieu, Nantes, France; Neurologische Universitätsklinik (F.B.), Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Medical Genetics (T.Y.), Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan; Diagnostics Division (U.R.D., A.B.D.), Center for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Telangana, India; Shahrood Welfare Organization (P.J.), Shahrood, Iran; and Genetics Research Center (K.K., H.N.), University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashwin B Dalal
- Department of Paediatrics (Neurology) (M.A., B.A.M.), Program in Genetics and Genome Biology (S.W.S., C.R.M., S.W., B.A.M.), The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Canada; Research Group Development and Disease (V.M.K., V.S.), Max Plank Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.M., E.S.), University of California, San Francisco; Service de Cytogenetique Constitutionnelle (G.L., M.T.), Hospice Civils de Lyon, France; Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine (G.G.), Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Humangenetisches Institut (A.W.), Universitaetsklinikum Erlangen, Germany; Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin (C.K.), Elisabeth Kinderkrankenhaus, Oldenburg, Germany; Service de Genetique Medicale (S.M.), CHU Hotel Dieu, Nantes, France; Neurologische Universitätsklinik (F.B.), Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Medical Genetics (T.Y.), Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan; Diagnostics Division (U.R.D., A.B.D.), Center for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Telangana, India; Shahrood Welfare Organization (P.J.), Shahrood, Iran; and Genetics Research Center (K.K., H.N.), University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vanessa Suckow
- Department of Paediatrics (Neurology) (M.A., B.A.M.), Program in Genetics and Genome Biology (S.W.S., C.R.M., S.W., B.A.M.), The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Canada; Research Group Development and Disease (V.M.K., V.S.), Max Plank Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.M., E.S.), University of California, San Francisco; Service de Cytogenetique Constitutionnelle (G.L., M.T.), Hospice Civils de Lyon, France; Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine (G.G.), Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Humangenetisches Institut (A.W.), Universitaetsklinikum Erlangen, Germany; Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin (C.K.), Elisabeth Kinderkrankenhaus, Oldenburg, Germany; Service de Genetique Medicale (S.M.), CHU Hotel Dieu, Nantes, France; Neurologische Universitätsklinik (F.B.), Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Medical Genetics (T.Y.), Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan; Diagnostics Division (U.R.D., A.B.D.), Center for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Telangana, India; Shahrood Welfare Organization (P.J.), Shahrood, Iran; and Genetics Research Center (K.K., H.N.), University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Payman Jamali
- Department of Paediatrics (Neurology) (M.A., B.A.M.), Program in Genetics and Genome Biology (S.W.S., C.R.M., S.W., B.A.M.), The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Canada; Research Group Development and Disease (V.M.K., V.S.), Max Plank Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.M., E.S.), University of California, San Francisco; Service de Cytogenetique Constitutionnelle (G.L., M.T.), Hospice Civils de Lyon, France; Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine (G.G.), Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Humangenetisches Institut (A.W.), Universitaetsklinikum Erlangen, Germany; Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin (C.K.), Elisabeth Kinderkrankenhaus, Oldenburg, Germany; Service de Genetique Medicale (S.M.), CHU Hotel Dieu, Nantes, France; Neurologische Universitätsklinik (F.B.), Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Medical Genetics (T.Y.), Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan; Diagnostics Division (U.R.D., A.B.D.), Center for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Telangana, India; Shahrood Welfare Organization (P.J.), Shahrood, Iran; and Genetics Research Center (K.K., H.N.), University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kimia Kahrizi
- Department of Paediatrics (Neurology) (M.A., B.A.M.), Program in Genetics and Genome Biology (S.W.S., C.R.M., S.W., B.A.M.), The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Canada; Research Group Development and Disease (V.M.K., V.S.), Max Plank Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.M., E.S.), University of California, San Francisco; Service de Cytogenetique Constitutionnelle (G.L., M.T.), Hospice Civils de Lyon, France; Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine (G.G.), Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Humangenetisches Institut (A.W.), Universitaetsklinikum Erlangen, Germany; Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin (C.K.), Elisabeth Kinderkrankenhaus, Oldenburg, Germany; Service de Genetique Medicale (S.M.), CHU Hotel Dieu, Nantes, France; Neurologische Universitätsklinik (F.B.), Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Medical Genetics (T.Y.), Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan; Diagnostics Division (U.R.D., A.B.D.), Center for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Telangana, India; Shahrood Welfare Organization (P.J.), Shahrood, Iran; and Genetics Research Center (K.K., H.N.), University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Najmabadi
- Department of Paediatrics (Neurology) (M.A., B.A.M.), Program in Genetics and Genome Biology (S.W.S., C.R.M., S.W., B.A.M.), The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Canada; Research Group Development and Disease (V.M.K., V.S.), Max Plank Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.M., E.S.), University of California, San Francisco; Service de Cytogenetique Constitutionnelle (G.L., M.T.), Hospice Civils de Lyon, France; Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine (G.G.), Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Humangenetisches Institut (A.W.), Universitaetsklinikum Erlangen, Germany; Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin (C.K.), Elisabeth Kinderkrankenhaus, Oldenburg, Germany; Service de Genetique Medicale (S.M.), CHU Hotel Dieu, Nantes, France; Neurologische Universitätsklinik (F.B.), Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Medical Genetics (T.Y.), Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan; Diagnostics Division (U.R.D., A.B.D.), Center for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Telangana, India; Shahrood Welfare Organization (P.J.), Shahrood, Iran; and Genetics Research Center (K.K., H.N.), University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Berge A Minassian
- Department of Paediatrics (Neurology) (M.A., B.A.M.), Program in Genetics and Genome Biology (S.W.S., C.R.M., S.W., B.A.M.), The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Canada; Research Group Development and Disease (V.M.K., V.S.), Max Plank Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.M., E.S.), University of California, San Francisco; Service de Cytogenetique Constitutionnelle (G.L., M.T.), Hospice Civils de Lyon, France; Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine (G.G.), Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Humangenetisches Institut (A.W.), Universitaetsklinikum Erlangen, Germany; Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin (C.K.), Elisabeth Kinderkrankenhaus, Oldenburg, Germany; Service de Genetique Medicale (S.M.), CHU Hotel Dieu, Nantes, France; Neurologische Universitätsklinik (F.B.), Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Medical Genetics (T.Y.), Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan; Diagnostics Division (U.R.D., A.B.D.), Center for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Telangana, India; Shahrood Welfare Organization (P.J.), Shahrood, Iran; and Genetics Research Center (K.K., H.N.), University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Striano P, Zara F. ARHGEF9 mutations cause a specific recognizable X-linked intellectual disability syndrome. NEUROLOGY-GENETICS 2017; 3:e159. [PMID: 28589177 PMCID: PMC5446781 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Striano
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics (P.S.), Istituto "Giannina Gaslini," Genova, Italy; and Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit (F.Z.), Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, "G. Gaslini" Institute, Italy
| | - Federico Zara
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics (P.S.), Istituto "Giannina Gaslini," Genova, Italy; and Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit (F.Z.), Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, "G. Gaslini" Institute, Italy
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Porseryd T, Volkova K, Reyhanian Caspillo N, Källman T, Dinnetz P, Porsh Hällström I. Persistent Effects of Developmental Exposure to 17α-Ethinylestradiol on the Zebrafish ( Danio rerio) Brain Transcriptome and Behavior. Front Behav Neurosci 2017; 11:69. [PMID: 28473760 PMCID: PMC5397488 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthetic estrogen 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) is an endocrine disrupting compound of concern due to its persistence and widespread presence in the aquatic environment. Effects of developmental exposure to low concentrations of EE2 in fish on reproduction and behavior not only persisted to adulthood, but have also been observed to be transmitted to several generations of unexposed progeny. To investigate the possible biological mechanisms of the persistent anxiogenic phenotype, we exposed zebrafish embryos for 80 days post fertilization to 0, 3, and 10 ng/L EE2 (measured concentrations 2.14 and 7.34 ng/L). After discontinued exposure, the animals were allowed to recover for 120 days in clean water. Adult males and females were later tested for changes in stress response and shoal cohesion, and whole-brain gene expression was analyzed with RNA sequencing. The results show increased anxiety in the novel tank and scototaxis tests, and increased shoal cohesion in fish exposed during development to EE2. RNA sequencing revealed 34 coding genes differentially expressed in male brains and 62 in female brains as a result of EE2 exposure. Several differences were observed between males and females in differential gene expression, with only one gene, sv2b, coding for a synaptic vesicle protein, that was affected by EE2 in both sexes. Functional analyses showed that in female brains, EE2 had significant effects on pathways connected to the circadian rhythm, cytoskeleton and motor proteins and synaptic proteins. A large number of non-coding sequences including 19 novel miRNAs were also differentially expressed in the female brain. The largest treatment effect in male brains was observed in pathways related to cholesterol biosynthesis and synaptic proteins. Circadian rhythm and cholesterol biosynthesis, previously implicated in anxiety behavior, might represent possible candidate pathways connecting the transcriptome changes to the alterations to behavior. Further the observed alteration in expression of genes involved in synaptogenesis and synaptic function may be important for the developmental modulations resulting in an anxiety phenotype. This study represents an initial survey of the fish brain transcriptome by RNA sequencing after long-term recovery from developmental exposure to an estrogenic compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tove Porseryd
- School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Södertörn UniversityHuddinge, Sweden
| | - Kristina Volkova
- School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Södertörn UniversityHuddinge, Sweden.,Örebro Life Science Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro UniversityÖrebro, Sweden
| | - Nasim Reyhanian Caspillo
- School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Södertörn UniversityHuddinge, Sweden.,Örebro Life Science Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro UniversityÖrebro, Sweden
| | - Thomas Källman
- National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Uppsala UniversityUppsala, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory and Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala UniversityUppsala, Sweden
| | - Patrik Dinnetz
- School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Södertörn UniversityHuddinge, Sweden
| | - Inger Porsh Hällström
- School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Södertörn UniversityHuddinge, Sweden
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Papadopoulos T, Rhee HJ, Subramanian D, Paraskevopoulou F, Mueller R, Schultz C, Brose N, Rhee JS, Betz H. Endosomal Phosphatidylinositol 3-Phosphate Promotes Gephyrin Clustering and GABAergic Neurotransmission at Inhibitory Postsynapses. J Biol Chem 2016; 292:1160-1177. [PMID: 27941024 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.771592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of neuronal synapses and the dynamic regulation of their efficacy depend on the proper assembly of the postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor apparatus. Receptor recruitment to inhibitory GABAergic postsynapses requires the scaffold protein gephyrin and the guanine nucleotide exchange factor collybistin (Cb). In vitro, the pleckstrin homology domain of Cb binds phosphoinositides, specifically phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI3P). However, whether PI3P is required for inhibitory postsynapse formation is currently unknown. Here, we investigated the role of PI3P at developing GABAergic postsynapses by using a membrane-permeant PI3P derivative, time-lapse confocal imaging, electrophysiology, as well as knockdown and overexpression of PI3P-metabolizing enzymes. Our results provide the first in cellula evidence that PI3P located at early/sorting endosomes regulates the postsynaptic clustering of gephyrin and GABAA receptors and the strength of inhibitory, but not excitatory, postsynapses in cultured hippocampal neurons. In human embryonic kidney 293 cells, stimulation of gephyrin cluster formation by PI3P depends on Cb. We therefore conclude that the endosomal pool of PI3P, generated by the class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, is important for the Cb-mediated recruitment of gephyrin and GABAA receptors to developing inhibitory postsynapses and thus the formation of postsynaptic membrane specializations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theofilos Papadopoulos
- From the Department of Molecular Biology, Center of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany,
| | - Hong Jun Rhee
- the Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Strasse 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Devaraj Subramanian
- the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Foteini Paraskevopoulou
- From the Department of Molecular Biology, Center of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rainer Mueller
- the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carsten Schultz
- the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.,the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239-3098
| | - Nils Brose
- the Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Strasse 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jeong-Seop Rhee
- the Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Strasse 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Heinrich Betz
- the Department of Neurochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Deutschordenstrasse 46, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany, and.,the Max Planck Institute of Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Fekete CD, Goz RU, Dinallo S, Miralles CP, Chiou TT, Bear J, Fiondella CG, LoTurco JJ, De Blas AL. In vivo transgenic expression of collybistin in neurons of the rat cerebral cortex. J Comp Neurol 2016; 525:1291-1311. [PMID: 27804142 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Collybistin (CB) is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor selectively localized to γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic and glycinergic postsynapses. Active CB interacts with gephyrin, inducing the submembranous clustering and the postsynaptic accumulation of gephyrin, which is a scaffold protein that recruits GABAA receptors (GABAA Rs) at the postsynapse. CB is expressed with or without a src homology 3 (SH3) domain. We have previously reported the effects on GABAergic synapses of the acute overexpression of CBSH3- or CBSH3+ in cultured hippocampal (HP) neurons. In the present communication, we are studying the effects on GABAergic synapses after chronic in vivo transgenic expression of CB2SH3- or CB2SH3+ in neurons of the adult rat cerebral cortex. The embryonic precursors of these cortical neurons were in utero electroporated with CBSH3- or CBSH3+ DNAs, migrated to the appropriate cortical layer, and became integrated in cortical circuits. The results show that: 1) the strength of inhibitory synapses in vivo can be enhanced by increasing the expression of CB in neurons; and 2) there are significant differences in the results between in vivo and in culture studies. J. Comp. Neurol. 525:1291-1311, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Fekete
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, 06269
| | - Roman U Goz
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, 06269
| | - Sean Dinallo
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, 06269
| | - Celia P Miralles
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, 06269
| | - Tzu-Ting Chiou
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, 06269
| | - John Bear
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, 06269
| | - Christopher G Fiondella
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, 06269
| | - Joseph J LoTurco
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, 06269
| | - Angel L De Blas
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, 06269
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Bhat G, LaGrave D, Millson A, Herriges J, Lamb AN, Matalon R. Xq11.1-11.2 deletion involving ARHGEF9 in a girl with autism spectrum disorder. Eur J Med Genet 2016; 59:470-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2016.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Regulation of GABAergic synapse development by postsynaptic membrane proteins. Brain Res Bull 2016; 129:30-42. [PMID: 27453545 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the adult mammalian brain, GABAergic neurotransmission provides the majority of synaptic inhibition that balances glutamatergic excitatory drive and thereby controls neuronal output. It is generally accepted that synaptogenesis is initiated through highly specific protein-protein interactions mediated by membrane proteins expressed in developing presynaptic terminals and postsynaptic membranes. Accumulating studies have uncovered a number of membrane proteins that regulate different aspects of GABAergic synapse development. In this review, we summarize recent advances in understanding of GABAergic synapse development with a focus on postsynaptic membrane molecules, including receptors, synaptogenic cell adhesion molecules and immunoglobulin superfamily proteins.
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Dejanovic B, Djémié T, Grünewald N, Suls A, Kress V, Hetsch F, Craiu D, Zemel M, Gormley P, Lal D, Myers CT, Mefford HC, Palotie A, Helbig I, Meier JC, De Jonghe P, Weckhuysen S, Schwarz G. Simultaneous impairment of neuronal and metabolic function of mutated gephyrin in a patient with epileptic encephalopathy. EMBO Mol Med 2016; 7:1580-94. [PMID: 26613940 PMCID: PMC4693503 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201505323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic inhibition is essential for shaping the dynamics of neuronal networks, and aberrant inhibition plays an important role in neurological disorders. Gephyrin is a central player at inhibitory postsynapses, directly binds and organizes GABAA and glycine receptors (GABAARs and GlyRs), and is thereby indispensable for normal inhibitory neurotransmission. Additionally, gephyrin catalyzes the synthesis of the molybdenum cofactor (MoCo) in peripheral tissue. We identified a de novo missense mutation (G375D) in the gephyrin gene (GPHN) in a patient with epileptic encephalopathy resembling Dravet syndrome. Although stably expressed and correctly folded, gephyrin‐G375D was non‐synaptically localized in neurons and acted dominant‐negatively on the clustering of wild‐type gephyrin leading to a marked decrease in GABAAR surface expression and GABAergic signaling. We identified a decreased binding affinity between gephyrin‐G375D and the receptors, suggesting that Gly375 is essential for gephyrin–receptor complex formation. Surprisingly, gephyrin‐G375D was also unable to synthesize MoCo and activate MoCo‐dependent enzymes. Thus, we describe a missense mutation that affects both functions of gephyrin and suggest that the identified defect at GABAergic synapses is the mechanism underlying the patient's severe phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borislav Dejanovic
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tania Djémié
- Neurogenetics Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Nora Grünewald
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Arvid Suls
- Neurogenetics Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium GENOMED, Center for Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Vanessa Kress
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Florian Hetsch
- Division Cell Physiology, Zoological Institute Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dana Craiu
- Pediatric Neurology Clinic, Al Obregia Hospital, Bucharest, Romania Department of Neurology, Pediatric Neurology, Psychiatry, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, and Neurosurgery, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Matthew Zemel
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Padhraig Gormley
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany Psychiatric & Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dennis Lal
- Cologne Center for Genomics, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany Department of Neuropediatrics, University Medical Faculty Giessen and Marburg, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Candace T Myers
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Heather C Mefford
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK Psychiatric & Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ingo Helbig
- Department of Neuropediatrics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany Division of Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jochen C Meier
- Division Cell Physiology, Zoological Institute Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Peter De Jonghe
- Neurogenetics Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium Division of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sarah Weckhuysen
- Neurogenetics Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium Inserm U 1127 CNRS UMR 7225 Sorbonne Universités UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127 Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France Centre de reference épilepsies rares, Epilepsy unit, AP-HP Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Guenter Schwarz
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Long P, May MM, James VM, Grannò S, Johnson JP, Tarpey P, Stevenson RE, Harvey K, Schwartz CE, Harvey RJ. Missense Mutation R338W in ARHGEF9 in a Family with X-linked Intellectual Disability with Variable Macrocephaly and Macro-Orchidism. Front Mol Neurosci 2016; 8:83. [PMID: 26834553 PMCID: PMC4719118 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2015.00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-syndromal X-linked intellectual disability (NS-XLID) represents a broad group of clinical disorders in which ID is the only clinically consistent manifestation. Although in many cases either chromosomal linkage data or knowledge of the >100 existing XLID genes has assisted mutation discovery, the underlying cause of disease remains unresolved in many families. We report the resolution of a large family (K8010) with NS-XLID, with variable macrocephaly and macro-orchidism. Although a previous linkage study had mapped the locus to Xq12-q21, this region contained too many candidate genes to be analyzed using conventional approaches. However, X-chromosome exome sequencing, bioinformatics analysis and segregation analysis revealed a novel missense mutation (c.1012C>T; p.R338W) in ARHGEF9. This gene encodes collybistin (CB), a neuronal GDP-GTP exchange factor previously implicated in several cases of XLID, as well as clustering of gephyrin and GABAA receptors at inhibitory synapses. Molecular modeling of the CB R338W substitution revealed that this change results in the substitution of a long electropositive side-chain with a large non-charged hydrophobic side-chain. The R338W change is predicted to result in clashes with adjacent amino acids (K363 and N335) and disruption of electrostatic potential and local folding of the PH domain, which is known to bind phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PI3P/PtdIns-3-P). Consistent with this finding, functional assays revealed that recombinant CB CB2SH3- (R338W) was deficient in PI3P binding and was not able to translocate EGFP-gephyrin to submembrane microaggregates in an in vitro clustering assay. Taken together, these results suggest that the R338W mutation in ARHGEF9 is the underlying cause of NS-XLID in this family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Long
- Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy London, UK
| | - Melanie M May
- JC Self Research Institute, Greenwood Genetic Center Greenwood, SC, USA
| | | | - Simone Grannò
- Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy London, UK
| | - John P Johnson
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shodair Children's Hospital Helena, MT, USA
| | - Patrick Tarpey
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus Hinxton, UK
| | - Roger E Stevenson
- JC Self Research Institute, Greenwood Genetic Center Greenwood, SC, USA
| | - Kirsten Harvey
- Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy London, UK
| | | | - Robert J Harvey
- Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy London, UK
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Ko J, Choii G, Um JW. The balancing act of GABAergic synapse organizers. Trends Mol Med 2016; 21:256-68. [PMID: 25824541 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) is the main neurotransmitter at inhibitory synapses in the mammalian brain. It is essential for maintaining the excitation and inhibition (E/I) ratio, whose imbalance underlies various brain diseases. Emerging information about inhibitory synapse organizers provides a novel molecular framework for understanding E/I balance at the synapse, circuit, and systems levels. This review highlights recent advances in deciphering these components of the inhibitory synapse and their roles in the development, transmission, and circuit properties of inhibitory synapses. We also discuss how their dysfunction may lead to a variety of brain disorders, suggesting new therapeutic strategies based on balancing the E/I ratio.
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Ludolphs M, Schneeberger D, Soykan T, Schäfer J, Papadopoulos T, Brose N, Schindelin H, Steinem C. Specificity of Collybistin-Phosphoinositide Interactions: IMPACT OF THE INDIVIDUAL PROTEIN DOMAINS. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:244-54. [PMID: 26546675 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.673400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulatory protein collybistin (CB) recruits the receptor-scaffolding protein gephyrin to mammalian inhibitory glycinergic and GABAergic postsynaptic membranes in nerve cells. CB is tethered to the membrane via phosphoinositides. We developed an in vitro assay based on solid-supported 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine membranes doped with different phosphoinositides on silicon/silicon dioxide substrates to quantify the binding of various CB2 constructs using reflectometric interference spectroscopy. Based on adsorption isotherms, we obtained dissociation constants and binding capacities of the membranes. Our results show that full-length CB2 harboring the N-terminal Src homology 3 (SH3) domain (CB2SH3+) adopts a closed and autoinhibited conformation that largely prevents membrane binding. This autoinhibition is relieved upon introduction of the W24A/E262A mutation, which conformationally "opens" CB2SH3+ and allows the pleckstrin homology domain to properly bind lipids depending on the phosphoinositide species with a preference for phosphatidylinositol 3-monophosphate and phosphatidylinositol 4-monophosphate. This type of membrane tethering under the control of the release of the SH3 domain of CB is essential for regulating gephyrin clustering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Ludolphs
- From the Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Daniela Schneeberger
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tolga Soykan
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Strasse 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany, and
| | - Jonas Schäfer
- From the Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Theofilos Papadopoulos
- Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Department of Molecular Biology, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nils Brose
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Strasse 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany, and
| | - Hermann Schindelin
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Steinem
- From the Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany,
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