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Ebrahimi P, Davoudi E, Sadeghian R, Zadeh AZ, Razmi E, Heidari R, Morowvat MH, Sadeghian I. In vivo and ex vivo gene therapy for neurodegenerative diseases: a promise for disease modification. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:7501-7530. [PMID: 38775852 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03141-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), including AD, PD, HD, and ALS, represent a growing public health concern linked to aging and lifestyle factors, characterized by progressive nervous system damage leading to motor and cognitive deficits. Current therapeutics offer only symptomatic management, highlighting the urgent need for disease-modifying treatments. Gene therapy has emerged as a promising approach, targeting the underlying pathology of diseases with diverse strategies including gene replacement, gene silencing, and gene editing. This innovative therapeutic approach involves introducing functional genetic material to combat disease mechanisms, potentially offering long-term efficacy and disease modification. With advancements in genomics, structural biology, and gene editing tools such as CRISPR/Cas9, gene therapy holds significant promise for addressing the root causes of NDDs. Significant progress in preclinical and clinical studies has demonstrated the potential of in vivo and ex vivo gene therapy to treat various NDDs, offering a versatile and precise approach in comparison to conventional treatments. The current review describes various gene therapy approaches employed in preclinical and clinical studies for the treatment of NDDs, including AD, PD, HD, and ALS, and addresses some of the key translational challenges in this therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouya Ebrahimi
- Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Elham Davoudi
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
| | | | - Amin Zaki Zadeh
- Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Emran Razmi
- Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Reza Heidari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Morowvat
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Issa Sadeghian
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Park S, Kim KH, Bae YH, Oh YT, Shin H, Kwon HJ, Kim CI, Kim SS, Choi HG, Park JB, Lee BD. Suppression of Glioblastoma Stem Cell Potency and Tumor Growth via LRRK2 Inhibition. Int J Stem Cells 2024; 17:319-329. [PMID: 38584542 PMCID: PMC11361845 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc24032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), a large GTP-regulated serine/threonine kinase, is well-known for its mutations causing late-onset Parkinson's disease. However, the role of LRRK2 in glioblastoma (GBM) carcinogenesis has not yet been fully elucidated. Here, we discovered that LRRK2 was overexpressed in 40% of GBM patients, according to tissue microarray analysis, and high LRRK2 expression correlated with poor prognosis in GBM patients. LRRK2 and stemness factors were highly expressed in various patient-derived GBM stem cells, which are responsible for GBM initiation. Canonical serum-induced differentiation decreased the expression of both LRRK2 and stemness factors. Given that LRRK2 is a key regulator of glioma stem cell (GSC) stemness, we developed DNK72, a novel LRRK2 kinase inhibitor that penetrates the blood-brain barrier. DNK72 binds to the phosphorylation sites of active LRRK2 and dramatically reduced cell proliferation and stemness factors expression in in vitro studies. Orthotopic patient-derived xenograft mouse models demonstrated that LRRK2 inhibition with DNK72 effectively reduced tumor growth and increased survival time. We propose that LRRK2 plays a significant role in regulating the stemness of GSCs and that suppression of LRRK2 kinase activity leads to reduced GBM malignancy and proliferation. In the near future, targeting LRRK2 in patients with high LRRK2-expressing GBM could offer a superior therapeutic strategy and potentially replace current clinical treatment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saewhan Park
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Kyung-Hee Kim
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
- Proteomics Core Facility, Research Core Center, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Yun-Hee Bae
- Department of Neuroscience, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Taek Oh
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Hyemi Shin
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Hyung Joon Kwon
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Chan Il Kim
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Sung Soo Kim
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Hwan-Geun Choi
- Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (KMEDIhub), Daegu, Korea
| | - Jong Bae Park
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
- Department of Clinical Research, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Byoung Dae Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Physiology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Naidoo D, de Lencastre A. Regulation of TIR-1/SARM-1 by miR-71 Protects Dopaminergic Neurons in a C. elegans Model of LRRK2-Induced Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8795. [PMID: 39201481 PMCID: PMC11354575 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by symptoms such as bradykinesia, resting tremor, and rigidity, primarily driven by the degradation of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra. A significant contributor to familial autosomal dominant PD cases is mutations in the LRRK2 gene, making it a primary therapeutic target. This study explores the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in regulating the proteomic stress responses associated with neurodegeneration in PD using C. elegans models. Our focus is on miR-71, a miRNA known to affect stress resistance and act as a pro-longevity factor in C. elegans. We investigated miR-71's function in C. elegans models of PD, where mutant LRRK2 expression correlates with dopaminergic neuronal death. Our findings reveal that miR-71 overexpression rescues motility defects and slows dopaminergic neurodegeneration in these models, suggesting its critical role in mitigating the proteotoxic effects of mutant LRRK2. Conversely, miR-71 knockout exacerbates neuronal death caused by mutant LRRK2. Additionally, our data indicate that miR-71's neuroprotective effect involves downregulating the toll receptor domain protein tir-1, implicating miR-71 repression of tir-1 as vital in the response to LRRK2-induced proteotoxicity. These insights into miR-71's role in C. elegans models of PD not only enhance our understanding of molecular mechanisms in neurodegeneration but also pave the way for potential research into human neurodegenerative diseases, leveraging the conservation of miRNAs and their targets across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin Naidoo
- Frank H. Netter MD School of Medicine, Quinnipiac University, North Haven, CT 06473, USA
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Pant C, Sukumar G, Alli VJ, Jadav SS, Pabbaraja S, Kalivendi SV. Allosteric Activation of SIRT1 by 2,4-Dihydroxy-azaflavanone Averts MPP +-Mediated Dysfunction in Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Bioenergetics: Implications for Parkinson's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:2870-2883. [PMID: 39074306 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder that affects dopamine neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), resulting in motor dysfunction. Among the pathways examined, mitochondria and α-synuclein were found to play a major role in the disease progression. Hence, several attempts are being made to restore mitochondrial bioenergetics or protein aggregation pathways as disease-modifying strategies. Our earlier studies reported the protective effect of 2,4-dihydroxy-azaflavanone (azaflavanone) in a transgenic Drosophila fly model of PD. In the present study, we found that azaflavanone acts as an allosteric activator of SIRT1 in both cell-free and cell-based systems and the effects were more pronounced as compared to resveratrol. Also, azaflavanone appears to interact selectively with SIRT1 as other SIRTs such as SIRT3 and SIRT6 did not exhibit any gross changes in cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA). Molecular docking studies depicted a higher docking score with azaflavanone than with resveratrol. Further, N27 cells treated with azaflavanone exhibited a dose-dependent increase in the mitotracker staining, mtDNA/nuclear DNA ratio, and also mitochondrial bioenergetics. The observed effects appear to be due to the activation of SIRT1, as evidenced by an increase in the expression of PGC-1α and TFAM, which are the downstream targets of SIRT1. Lastly, the Parkinsonian mimic MPP+-induced disturbance in the mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial bioenergetics, and biogenesis were ameliorated by azaflavanone. Overall, our findings indicate that azaflavanone, being an antioxidant and an allosteric activator of SIRT1, is a promising compound for ameliorating the pathophysiology of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitrakshi Pant
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Genji Sukumar
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Department of Chemistry, Adikavi Nannaya University, Rajamahendravaram, AP 533296, India
| | - Vidya Jyothi Alli
- Department of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Surender Singh Jadav
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Department of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Srihari Pabbaraja
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Shasi V Kalivendi
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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5
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Mishra T, Singh S, Singh TG. Therapeutic Implications and Regulations of Protein Post-translational Modifications in Parkinsons Disease. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2024; 44:53. [PMID: 38960968 PMCID: PMC11222187 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-024-01471-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Parkinsons disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by dopaminergic neuron loss and alpha-synuclein aggregation. This comprehensive review examines the intricate role of post-translational modifications (PTMs) in PD pathogenesis, focusing on DNA methylation, histone modifications, phosphorylation, SUMOylation, and ubiquitination. Targeted PTM modulation, particularly in key proteins like Parkin, DJ1, and PINK1, emerges as a promising therapeutic strategy for mitigating dopaminergic degeneration in PD. Dysregulated PTMs significantly contribute to the accumulation of toxic protein aggregates and dopaminergic neuronal dysfunction observed in PD. Targeting PTMs, including epigenetic strategies, addressing aberrant phosphorylation events, and modulating SUMOylation processes, provides potential avenues for intervention. The ubiquitin-proteasome system, governed by enzymes like Parkin and Nedd4, offers potential targets for clearing misfolded proteins and developing disease-modifying interventions. Compounds like ginkgolic acid, SUMO E1 enzyme inhibitors, and natural compounds like Indole-3-carbinol illustrate the feasibility of modulating PTMs for therapeutic purposes in PD. This review underscores the therapeutic potential of PTM-targeted interventions in modulating PD-related pathways, emphasizing the need for further research in this promising area of Parkinsons disease therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Twinkle Mishra
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, 140401, India
| | - Shareen Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, 140401, India
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6
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Xiang Y, Naik S, Zhao L, Shi J, Ke H. Emerging phosphodiesterase inhibitors for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:1404-1445. [PMID: 38279990 DOI: 10.1002/med.22017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) cause progressive loss of neuron structure and ultimately lead to neuronal cell death. Since the available drugs show only limited symptomatic relief, NDs are currently considered as incurable. This review will illustrate the principal roles of the signaling systems of cyclic adenosine and guanosine 3',5'-monophosphates (cAMP and cGMP) in the neuronal functions, and summarize expression/activity changes of the associated enzymes in the ND patients, including cyclases, protein kinases, and phosphodiesterases (PDEs). As the sole enzymes hydrolyzing cAMP and cGMP, PDEs are logical targets for modification of neurodegeneration. We will focus on PDE inhibitors and their potentials as disease-modifying therapeutics for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease. For the overlapped but distinct contributions of cAMP and cGMP to NDs, we hypothesize that dual PDE inhibitors, which simultaneously regulate both cAMP and cGMP signaling pathways, may have complementary and synergistic effects on modifying neurodegeneration and thus represent a new direction on the discovery of ND drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Swapna Naik
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale Cancer Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Liyun Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianyou Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hengming Ke
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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7
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Gathings A, Zaman V, Banik NL, Haque A. Insights into Calpain Activation and Rho-ROCK Signaling in Parkinson's Disease and Aging. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1074. [PMID: 38791036 PMCID: PMC11117523 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12051074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), a progressive neurodegenerative disease, has no cure, and current therapies are not effective at halting disease progression. The disease affects mid-brain dopaminergic neurons and, subsequently, the spinal cord, contributing to many debilitating symptoms associated with PD. The GTP-binding protein, Rho, plays a significant role in the cellular pathology of PD. The downstream effector of Rho, Rho-associated kinase (ROCK), plays multiple functions, including microglial activation and induction of inflammatory responses. Activated microglia have been implicated in the pathology of many neurodegenerative diseases, including PD, that initiate inflammatory responses, leading to neuron death. Calpain expression and activity is increased following glial activation, which triggers the Rho-ROCK pathway and induces inflammatory T cell activation and migration as well as mediates toxic α-synuclein (α-syn) aggregation and neuron death, indicating a pivotal role for calpain in the inflammatory and degenerative processes in PD. Increased calpain activity and Rho-ROCK activation may represent a new mechanism for increased oxidative damage in aging. This review will summarize calpain activation and the role of the Rho-ROCK pathway in oxidative stress and α-syn aggregation, their influence on the neurodegenerative process in PD and aging, and possible strategies and research directions for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Gathings
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (A.G.); (N.L.B.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
| | - Vandana Zaman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Administration Medical Center, 109 Bee Street, Charleston, SC 29401, USA
| | - Narendra L. Banik
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (A.G.); (N.L.B.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Administration Medical Center, 109 Bee Street, Charleston, SC 29401, USA
| | - Azizul Haque
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (A.G.); (N.L.B.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Administration Medical Center, 109 Bee Street, Charleston, SC 29401, USA
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Vilela C, Araújo B, Soares-Guedes C, Caridade-Silva R, Martins-Macedo J, Teixeira C, Gomes ED, Prudêncio C, Vieira M, Teixeira FG. From the Gut to the Brain: Is Microbiota a New Paradigm in Parkinson's Disease Treatment? Cells 2024; 13:770. [PMID: 38727306 PMCID: PMC11083070 DOI: 10.3390/cells13090770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is recognized as the second most prevalent primary chronic neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system. Clinically, PD is characterized as a movement disorder, exhibiting an incidence and mortality rate that is increasing faster than any other neurological condition. In recent years, there has been a growing interest concerning the role of the gut microbiota in the etiology and pathophysiology of PD. The establishment of a brain-gut microbiota axis is now real, with evidence denoting a bidirectional communication between the brain and the gut microbiota through metabolic, immune, neuronal, and endocrine mechanisms and pathways. Among these, the vagus nerve represents the most direct form of communication between the brain and the gut. Given the potential interactions between bacteria and drugs, it has been observed that the therapies for PD can have an impact on the composition of the microbiota. Therefore, in the scope of the present review, we will discuss the current understanding of gut microbiota on PD and whether this may be a new paradigm for treating this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Vilela
- Center for Translational Health and Medical Biotechnology Research (TBIO)/Health Research Network (RISE-Health), ESS, Polytechnic of Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (C.V.); (C.S.-G.); (E.D.G.); (C.P.); (M.V.)
| | - Bruna Araújo
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (B.A.); (J.M.-M.)
- ICVS/3B’s Associate Lab, PT Government Associated Lab, 4710-057/4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, R. Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (R.C.-S.); (C.T.)
| | - Carla Soares-Guedes
- Center for Translational Health and Medical Biotechnology Research (TBIO)/Health Research Network (RISE-Health), ESS, Polytechnic of Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (C.V.); (C.S.-G.); (E.D.G.); (C.P.); (M.V.)
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, R. Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (R.C.-S.); (C.T.)
| | - Rita Caridade-Silva
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, R. Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (R.C.-S.); (C.T.)
| | - Joana Martins-Macedo
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (B.A.); (J.M.-M.)
- ICVS/3B’s Associate Lab, PT Government Associated Lab, 4710-057/4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, R. Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (R.C.-S.); (C.T.)
| | - Catarina Teixeira
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, R. Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (R.C.-S.); (C.T.)
| | - Eduardo D. Gomes
- Center for Translational Health and Medical Biotechnology Research (TBIO)/Health Research Network (RISE-Health), ESS, Polytechnic of Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (C.V.); (C.S.-G.); (E.D.G.); (C.P.); (M.V.)
| | - Cristina Prudêncio
- Center for Translational Health and Medical Biotechnology Research (TBIO)/Health Research Network (RISE-Health), ESS, Polytechnic of Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (C.V.); (C.S.-G.); (E.D.G.); (C.P.); (M.V.)
| | - Mónica Vieira
- Center for Translational Health and Medical Biotechnology Research (TBIO)/Health Research Network (RISE-Health), ESS, Polytechnic of Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (C.V.); (C.S.-G.); (E.D.G.); (C.P.); (M.V.)
| | - Fábio G. Teixeira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (B.A.); (J.M.-M.)
- ICVS/3B’s Associate Lab, PT Government Associated Lab, 4710-057/4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, R. Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (R.C.-S.); (C.T.)
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Badawy MT, Salama AA, Salama M. Novel Variants Linked to the Prodromal Stage of Parkinson's Disease (PD) Patients. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:929. [PMID: 38732343 PMCID: PMC11083733 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14090929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The symptoms of most neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD), usually do not occur until substantial neuronal loss occurs. This makes the process of early diagnosis very challenging. Hence, this research used variant call format (VCF) analysis to detect variants and novel genes that could be used as prognostic indicators in the early diagnosis of prodromal PD. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data were obtained from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI), and we analyzed prodromal patients with gVCF data collected in the 2021 cohort. A total of 304 participants were included, including 100 healthy controls, 146 prodromal genetic individuals, 21 prodromal hyposmia individuals, and 37 prodromal individuals with RBD. A pipeline was developed to process the samples from gVCF to reach variant annotation and pathway and disease association analysis. RESULTS Novel variant percentages were detected in the analyzed prodromal subgroups. The prodromal subgroup analysis revealed novel variations of 1.0%, 1.2%, 0.6%, 0.3%, 0.5%, and 0.4% for the genetic male, genetic female, hyposmia male, hyposmia female, RBD male, and RBD female groups, respectively. Interestingly, 12 potentially novel loci (MTF2, PIK3CA, ADD1, SYBU, IRS2, USP8, PIGL, FASN, MYLK2, USP25, EP300, and PPP6R2) that were recently detected in PD patients were detected in the prodromal stage of PD. CONCLUSIONS Genetic biomarkers are crucial for the early detection of Parkinson's disease and its prodromal stage. The novel PD genes detected in prodromal patients could aid in the use of gene biomarkers for early diagnosis of the prodromal stage without relying only on phenotypic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa T. Badawy
- Biology Department, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt;
| | - Aya A. Salama
- Applied Science, Windows and Web Experience, Microsoft, Cairo 11561, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed Salama
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology (IGHHE), The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
- Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 X9W9 Dublin, Ireland
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10
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Miano-Burkhardt A, Alvarez Jerez P, Daida K, Bandres Ciga S, Billingsley KJ. The Role of Structural Variants in the Genetic Architecture of Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4801. [PMID: 38732020 PMCID: PMC11084710 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) significantly impacts millions of individuals worldwide. Although our understanding of the genetic foundations of PD has advanced, a substantial portion of the genetic variation contributing to disease risk remains unknown. Current PD genetic studies have primarily focused on one form of genetic variation, single nucleotide variants (SNVs), while other important forms of genetic variation, such as structural variants (SVs), are mostly ignored due to the complexity of detecting these variants with traditional sequencing methods. Yet, these forms of genetic variation play crucial roles in gene expression and regulation in the human brain and are causative of numerous neurological disorders, including forms of PD. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of our current understanding of the involvement of coding and noncoding SVs in the genetic architecture of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Miano-Burkhardt
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (A.M.-B.); (K.D.)
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (P.A.J.); (S.B.C.)
| | - Pilar Alvarez Jerez
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (P.A.J.); (S.B.C.)
| | - Kensuke Daida
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (A.M.-B.); (K.D.)
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (P.A.J.); (S.B.C.)
| | - Sara Bandres Ciga
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (P.A.J.); (S.B.C.)
| | - Kimberley J. Billingsley
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (A.M.-B.); (K.D.)
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (P.A.J.); (S.B.C.)
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11
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Kaushik A, Parashar S, Ambasta RK, Kumar P. Ubiquitin E3 ligases assisted technologies in protein degradation: Sharing pathways in neurodegenerative disorders and cancer. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 96:102279. [PMID: 38521359 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
E3 ligases, essential components of the ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated protein degradation system, play a critical role in cellular regulation. By covalently attaching ubiquitin (Ub) molecules to target proteins, these ligases mark them for degradation, influencing various bioprocesses. With over 600 E3 ligases identified, there is a growing realization of their potential as therapeutic candidates for addressing proteinopathies in cancer and neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs). Recent research has highlighted the need to delve deeper into the intricate roles of E3 ligases as nexus points in the pathogenesis of both cancer and NDDs. Their dysregulation is emerging as a common thread linking these seemingly disparate diseases, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of their molecular intricacies. Herein, we have discussed (i) the fundamental mechanisms through which different types of E3 ligases actively participate in selective protein degradation in cancer and NDDs, followed by an examination of common E3 ligases playing pivotal roles in both situations, emphasising common players. Moving to, (ii) the functional domains and motifs of E3 ligases involved in ubiquitination, we have explored their interactions with specific substrates in NDDs and cancer. Additionally, (iii) we have explored techniques like PROTAC, molecular glues, and other state-of-the-art methods for hijacking neurotoxic and oncoproteins. Lastly, (iv) we have provided insights into ongoing clinical trials, offering a glimpse into the evolving landscape of E3-based therapeutics for cancer and NDDs. Unravelling the intricate network of E3 ligase-mediated regulation holds the key to unlocking targeted therapies that address the specific molecular signatures of individual patients, heralding a new era in personalized medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aastha Kaushik
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi 110042, India
| | - Somya Parashar
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi 110042, India
| | - Rashmi K Ambasta
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, SRM University-Sonepat, Haryana, India
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi 110042, India.
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12
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Jiang H, Tang M, Xu Z, Wang Y, Li M, Zheng S, Zhu J, Lin Z, Zhang M. CRISPR/Cas9 system and its applications in nervous system diseases. Genes Dis 2024; 11:675-686. [PMID: 37692518 PMCID: PMC10491921 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) system is an acquired immune system of many bacteria and archaea, comprising CRISPR loci, Cas genes, and its associated proteins. This system can recognize exogenous DNA and utilize the Cas9 protein's nuclease activity to break DNA double-strand and to achieve base insertion or deletion by subsequent DNA repair. In recent years, multiple laboratory and clinical studies have revealed the therapeutic role of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in neurological diseases. This article reviews the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing technology and its potential for clinical application against neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Jiang
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Mengyan Tang
- The First School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Zidi Xu
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Mopu Li
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Shuyin Zheng
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Jianghu Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Disease, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Zhenlang Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Disease, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Disease, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
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13
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Kumar SB, Girish A, Sutar S, Premanand SA, Garg V, Yadav AK, Shukla R, Murthy TPK, Singh TR. A computational study on structural and functional consequences of nsSNPs in human dopa decarboxylase. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38193892 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2301517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The Dopa Decarboxylase (DDC) gene plays an important role in the synthesis of biogenic amines such as dopamine, serotonin, and histamine. Non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) in the DDC gene have been linked with various neurodegenerative disorders. In this study, a comprehensive in silico analysis of nsSNPs in the DDC gene was conducted to assess their potential functional consequences and associations with disease outcomes. Using publicly available databases, a complete list of nsSNPs in the DDC gene was obtained. 29 computational tools and algorithms were used to characterise the effects of these nsSNPs on protein structure, function, and stability. In addition, the population-based association studies were performed to investigate possible associations between specific nsSNPs and arthritis. Our research identified four novel DDC gene nsSNPs that have a major impact on the structure and function of proteins. Through molecular dynamics simulations (MDS), we observed changes in the stability of the DDC protein induced by specific nsSNPs. Furthermore, population-based association studies have revealed potential associations between certain DDC nsSNPs and various neurological disorders, including Parkinson's disease and dementia. The in silico approach used in this study offers insightful information about the functional effects of nsSNPs in the DDC gene. These discoveries provide insight into the cellular processes that underlie cognitive disorders. Furthermore, the detection of disease-associated nsSNPs in the DDC gene may facilitate the development of tailored and targeted therapy approaches.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Birendra Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, India
| | - Aishwarya Girish
- Department of Biotechnology, Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, India
| | - Samruddhi Sutar
- Department of Biotechnology, Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Vrinda Garg
- Department of Biotechnology, Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, India
| | - Arvind Kumar Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Solan, India
| | - Rohit Shukla
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Solan, India
| | - T P Krishna Murthy
- Department of Biotechnology, Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, India
| | - Tiratha Raj Singh
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Solan, India
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14
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Zamanian MY, Ivraghi MS, Gupta R, Prasad KDV, Alsaab HO, Hussien BM, Ahmed H, Ramadan MF, Golmohammadi M, Nikbakht N, Oz T, Kujawska M. miR-221 and Parkinson's disease: A biomarker with therapeutic potential. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:283-297. [PMID: 38043936 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, leading to various motor and non-motor symptoms. Several cellular and molecular mechanisms such as alpha-synuclein (α-syn) accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are involved in the pathogenesis of this disease. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in post-transcriptional gene regulation. They are typically about 21-25 nucleotides in length and are involved in the regulation of gene expression by binding to the messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules. miRNAs like miR-221 play important roles in various biological processes, including development, cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. miR-221 promotes neuronal survival against oxidative stress and neurite outgrowth and neuronal differentiation. Additionally, the role of miR-221 in PD has been investigated in several studies. According to the results of these studies, (1) miR-221 protects PC12 cells against oxidative stress induced by 6-hydroxydopamine; (2) miR-221 prevents Bax/caspase-3 signalling activation by stopping Bim; (3) miR-221 has moderate predictive power for PD; (4) miR-221 directly targets PTEN, and PTEN over-expression eliminates the protective action of miR-221 on p-AKT expression in PC12 cells; and (5) miRNA-221 controls cell viability and apoptosis by manipulating the Akt signalling pathway in PD. This review study suggested that miR-221 has the potential to be used as a clinical biomarker for PD diagnosis and stage assignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Yasin Zamanian
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | | | - Reena Gupta
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - K D V Prasad
- Symbiosis Institute of Business Management (SIBM), Hyderabad, India
- Symbiosis International (Deemed University) (SIU), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Hashem O Alsaab
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Beneen M Hussien
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Hazem Ahmed
- Medical Technical College, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | | | - Maryam Golmohammadi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nikta Nikbakht
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Tuba Oz
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kujawska
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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15
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Chandrababu K, Radhakrishnan V, Anjana AS, Rajan R, Sivan U, Krishnan S, Baby Chakrapani PS. Unravelling the Parkinson's puzzle, from medications and surgery to stem cells and genes: a comprehensive review of current and future management strategies. Exp Brain Res 2024; 242:1-23. [PMID: 38015243 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-023-06735-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, prevalent in the elderly population. Neuropathological hallmarks of PD include loss of dopaminergic cells in the nigro-striatal pathway and deposition of alpha-synuclein protein in the neurons and synaptic terminals, which lead to a complex presentation of motor and non-motor symptoms. This review focuses on various aspects of PD, from clinical diagnosis to currently accepted treatment options, such as pharmacological management through dopamine replacement and surgical techniques such as deep brain stimulation (DBS). The review discusses in detail the potential of emerging stem cell-based therapies and gene therapies to be adopted as a cure, in contrast to the present symptomatic treatment in PD. The potential sources of stem cells for autologous and allogeneic stem cell therapy have been discussed, along with the progress evaluation of pre-clinical and clinical trials. Even though recent techniques hold great potential to improve the lives of PD patients, we present the importance of addressing the safety, efficacy, ethical, cost, and regulatory concerns before scaling them to clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnapriya Chandrababu
- Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Biotechnology, Cochin University for Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala, 682 022, India
| | - Vineeth Radhakrishnan
- Comprehensive Care Centre for Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - A S Anjana
- Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Biotechnology, Cochin University for Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala, 682 022, India
| | - Rahul Rajan
- Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Biotechnology, Cochin University for Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala, 682 022, India
| | - Unnikrishnan Sivan
- Faculty of Fisheries Engineering, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Syam Krishnan
- Comprehensive Care Centre for Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - P S Baby Chakrapani
- Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Biotechnology, Cochin University for Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala, 682 022, India.
- Centre for Excellence in Neurodegeneration and Brain Health (CENBH), Kochi, Kerala, India.
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16
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Andrews T, Seravallic J, Powers R. The reversible low-temperature instability of human DJ-1 oxidative states. Biopolymers 2024; 115:e23534. [PMID: 36972340 PMCID: PMC10948107 DOI: 10.1002/bip.23534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
DJ-1 is a homodimeric protein that is centrally involved in various human diseases including Parkinson disease (PD). DJ-1 protects against oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction through a homeostatic control of reactive oxygen species (ROS). DJ-1 pathology results from a loss of function, where ROS readily oxidizes a highly conserved and functionally essential cysteine (C106). The over-oxidation of DJ-1 C106 leads to a dynamically destabilized and biologically inactivated protein. An analysis of the structural stability of DJ-1 as a function of oxidative state and temperature may provide further insights into the role the protein plays in PD progression. NMR spectroscopy, circular dichroism, analytical ultracentrifugation sedimentation equilibrium, and molecular dynamics simulations were utilized to investigate the structure and dynamics of the reduced, oxidized (C106-SO2 - ), and over-oxidized (C106-SO3 - ) forms of DJ-1 for temperatures ranging from 5°C to 37°C. The three oxidative states of DJ-1 exhibited distinct temperature-dependent structural changes. A cold-induced aggregation occurred for the three DJ-1 oxidative states by 5°C, where the over-oxidized state aggregated at significantly higher temperatures than both the oxidized and reduced forms. Only the oxidized and over-oxidized forms of DJ-1 exhibited a mix state containing both folded and partially denatured protein that likely preserved secondary structure content. The relative amount of this denatured form of DJ-1 increased as the temperature was lowered, consistent with a cold-denaturation. Notably, the cold-induced aggregation and denaturation for the DJ-1 oxidative states were completely reversible. The dramatic changes in the structural stability of DJ-1 as a function of oxidative state and temperature are relevant to its role in PD and its functional response to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Andrews
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln NE 68588-0304, USA
| | - Javier Seravallic
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln NE 68588-0664, USA
| | - Robert Powers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln NE 68588-0304, USA
- Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0664,USA
- Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln NE 68588-0304, USA
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17
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Corona-Trejo A, Gonsebatt ME, Trejo-Solis C, Campos-Peña V, Quintas-Granados LI, Villegas-Vázquez EY, Daniel Reyes-Hernández O, Hernández-Abad VJ, Figueroa-González G, Silva-Adaya D. Transsulfuration pathway: a targeting neuromodulator in Parkinson's disease. Rev Neurosci 2023; 34:915-932. [PMID: 37409540 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2023-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
The transsulfuration pathway (TSP) is a metabolic pathway involving sulfur transfer from homocysteine to cysteine. Transsulfuration pathway leads to many sulfur metabolites, principally glutathione, H2S, taurine, and cysteine. Key enzymes of the TSP, such as cystathionine β-synthase and cystathionine γ-lyase, are essential regulators at multiple levels in this pathway. TSP metabolites are implicated in many physiological processes in the central nervous system and other tissues. TSP is important in controlling sulfur balance and optimal cellular functions such as glutathione synthesis. Alterations in the TSP and related pathways (transmethylation and remethylation) are altered in several neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease, suggesting their participation in the pathophysiology and progression of these diseases. In Parkinson's disease many cellular processes are comprised mainly those that regulate redox homeostasis, inflammation, reticulum endoplasmic stress, mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, and sulfur content metabolites of TSP are involved in these damage processes. Current research on the transsulfuration pathway in Parkinson's disease has primarily focused on the synthesis and function of certain metabolites, particularly glutathione. However, our understanding of the regulation of other metabolites of the transsulfuration pathway, as well as their relationships with other metabolites, and their synthesis regulation in Parkinson´s disease remain limited. Thus, this paper highlights the importance of studying the molecular dynamics in different metabolites and enzymes that affect the transsulfuration in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Corona-Trejo
- Carrera de Biología, Laboratorio de Farmacogenética, Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Investigación Experimental Zaragoza, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 09230, Mexico
| | - María E Gonsebatt
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Cristina Trejo-Solis
- Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico, 14269, Mexico
| | - Victoria Campos-Peña
- Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico, 14269, Mexico
| | | | - Edgar Yebrán Villegas-Vázquez
- Laboratorio de Farmacogenética, Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Investigación Experimental Zaragoza, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 09230 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Octavio Daniel Reyes-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular del Cáncer, Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Investigación Experimental Zaragoza, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 09230, Mexico
| | - Vicente Jesús Hernández-Abad
- Laboratorio de Investigación Farmacéutica, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Batalla de 5 de mayo s/n, Col, Ejército de Oriente, 09230 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Figueroa-González
- Laboratorio de Farmacogenética, Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Investigación Experimental Zaragoza, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 09230 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Daniela Silva-Adaya
- Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico, 14269, Mexico
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18
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Subramaniyan S, Kuriakose BB, Mushfiq S, Prabhu NM, Muthusamy K. Gene Signals and SNPs Associated with Parkinson's Disease: A Nutrigenomics and Computational Prospective Insights. Neuroscience 2023; 533:77-95. [PMID: 37858629 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is the most prevalent chronic neurodegenerative disease. Neurological conditions for PD were influenced by a variety of epigenetic factors and SNPs in some of the coexisting genes that were expressed. This article focused on nutrigenomics of PD and the prospective highlighting of how these genes are regulated in terms of nutritive factors and the genetic basis of PD risk, onset, and progression. Multigenetic associations of the following genetic alterations in the genes of SNCA, LRRK2, UCHL1, PARK2,PINK1, DJ-1, and ATP13A2 have been reported with the familial and de novo genetic origins of PD. Over the past two decades, significant attempts have been made to understand the biological mechanisms that are potential causes for this disease, as well as to identify therapeutic substances for the prevention and management of PD. Nutrigenomics has sparked considerable interest due to its nutritional, safe, and therapeutic effects on a variety of chronic diseases. In this study, we summarise some of the nutritive supplements that have an impact on PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swetha Subramaniyan
- Department of Bioinformatics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Beena Briget Kuriakose
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Khamis Mushayt, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sakeena Mushfiq
- Department of Public Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Khamis Mushayt, Saudi Arabia
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19
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Coukos JS, Lee CW, Pillai KS, Shah H, Moellering RE. PARK7 Catalyzes Stereospecific Detoxification of Methylglyoxal Consistent with Glyoxalase and Not Deglycase Function. Biochemistry 2023; 62:3126-3133. [PMID: 37884446 PMCID: PMC10634309 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.3c00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The protein PARK7 (also known as DJ-1) has been implicated in several diseases, with the most notable being Parkinson's disease. While several molecular and cellular roles have been ascribed to DJ-1, there is no real consensus on what its true cellular functions are and how the loss of DJ-1 function may contribute to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Recent reports have implicated DJ-1 in the detoxification of several reactive metabolites that are produced during glycolytic metabolism, with the most notable being the α-oxoaldehyde species methylglyoxal. While it is generally agreed that DJ-1 is able to metabolize methylglyoxal to lactate, the mechanism by which it does so is hotly debated with potential implications for cellular function. In this work, we provide definitive evidence that recombinant DJ-1 produced in human cells prevents the stable glycation of other proteins through the conversion of methylglyoxal or a related alkynyl dicarbonyl probe to their corresponding α-hydroxy carboxylic acid products. This protective action of DJ-1 does not require a physical interaction with a target protein, providing direct evidence for a glutathione-free glyoxalase and not a deglycase mechanism of methylglyoxal detoxification. Stereospecific liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) measurements further uncovered the existence of nonenzymatic production of racemic lactate from MGO under physiological buffer conditions, whereas incubation with DJ-1 predominantly produces l-lactate. Collectively, these studies provide direct support for the stereospecific conversion of MGO to l-lactate by DJ-1 in solution with negligible or no contribution of direct protein deglycation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S. Coukos
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 929 E. 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Chris W. Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 929 E. 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Kavya S. Pillai
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 929 E. 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Hardik Shah
- University
of Chicago Medicine Comprehensive Cancer Center Metabolomics Platform, The University of Chicago, 900 E. 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Raymond E. Moellering
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 929 E. 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- University
of Chicago Medicine Comprehensive Cancer Center Metabolomics Platform, The University of Chicago, 900 E. 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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20
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Akhoond-Ali Z, Rahimi A, Ghorbani A, Forouzanfar F, Hosseinian S, Ghazavi H, Vafaee F. Silibinin effects on cognitive disorders: Hope or treatment? AVICENNA JOURNAL OF PHYTOMEDICINE 2023; 13:597-614. [PMID: 38106632 PMCID: PMC10719727 DOI: 10.22038/ajp.2023.21959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Objective Almost all diseases of the nervous system are related to neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, neuronal death, glia activation, and increased pro-inflammatory cytokines. Cognitive disorders are one of the common complications of nervous system diseases. The role of some plant compounds in reducing or preventing cognitive disorders has been determined. Silibinin is a plant bioflavonoid and exhibits various effects on cognitive functions. This article discusses the different mechanisms of the effect of silibinin on cognitive disorders in experimental studies. Materials and Methods Databases, including ISI, , Google Scholar, Scopus, Medline and PubMed, were investigated from 2000 to 2021, using related keywords to find required articles. Results Silibinin can improve cognitive disorders by different pathways such as reducing neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, activation of reactive oxygen species- Brain-derived neurotrophic factor- Tropomyosin receptor kinase B (ROS-BDNF-TrkB) pathway in the hippocampus, an increase of dendritic spines in the brain, inhibition of hyperphosphorylation of tau protein and increasing the expression of insulin receptor (IR) and insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 (IGF-1R), inhibiting inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in the hippocampus and amygdala, and decrease of Homovanillic acid/Dopamine (HVA/DA) ratio and 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid + Homovanillic acid/Dopamine (DOPAC+ HVA/DA) ratio in the prefrontal cortex and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid/5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HIAA/5-HT) ratio in the hippocampus. Conclusion These results suggest that silibinin can be considered a therapeutic agent for the symptom reduction of cognitive disorders, and it acts by affecting various mechanisms such as inflammation, programmed cell death, and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Akhoond-Ali
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Rahimi
- Material Science and Metallurgy Engineering, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Atiyeh Ghorbani
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Forouzanfar
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sara Hosseinian
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamed Ghazavi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Vafaee
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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21
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Alizadeh P, Terroba-Chambi C, Achen B, Bruno V. Pain in monogenic Parkinson's disease: a comprehensive review. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1248828. [PMID: 38020640 PMCID: PMC10643218 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1248828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pain, a challenging symptom experienced by individuals diagnosed with Parkinson's disease (PD), still lacks a comprehensive understanding of its underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. A systematic investigation of its prevalence and impact on the quality of life in patients affected by monogenic forms of PD has yet to be undertaken. This comprehensive review aims to provide an overview of the association between pain and monogenic forms of PD, specifically focusing on pathogenic variants in SNCA, PRKN, PINK1, PARK7, LRRK2, GBA1, VPS35, ATP13A2, DNAJC6, FBXO7, and SYNJ1. Sixty-three articles discussing pain associated with monogenic PD were identified and analyzed. The included studies exhibited significant heterogeneity in design, sample size, and pain outcome measures. Nonetheless, the findings of this review suggest that patients with monogenic PD may experience specific types of pain depending on the pathogenic variant present, distinguishing them from non-carriers. For instance, individuals with SNCA pathogenic variants have reported painful dystonia, lower extremity pain, dorsal pain, and upper back pain. However, these observations are primarily based on case reports with unclear prevalence. Painful lower limb dystonia and lower back pain are prominent symptoms in PRKN carriers. A continual correlation has been noted between LRRK2 mutations and the emergence of pain, though the conflicting research outcomes pose challenges in reaching definitive conclusions. Individuals with PINK1 mutation carriers also frequently report experiencing pain. Pain has been frequently reported as an initial symptom and the most troublesome one in GBA1-PD patients compared to those with idiopathic PD. The evidence regarding pain in ATP13A2, PARK7, VPS35, DNAJC6, FBXO7, and SYNJ1pathogenic variants is limited and insufficient. The potential linkage between genetic profiles and pain outcomes holds promising clinical implications, allowing for the potential stratification of patients in clinical trials and the development of personalized treatments for pain in monogenic PD. In conclusion, this review underscores the need for further research to unravel the intricate relationship between pain and monogenic forms of PD. Standardized methodologies, larger sample sizes, and longitudinal studies are essential to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and develop targeted therapeutic interventions for pain management in individuals with monogenic PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Alizadeh
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Beatrice Achen
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Veronica Bruno
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
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22
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Harrington JS, Ryter SW, Plataki M, Price DR, Choi AMK. Mitochondria in health, disease, and aging. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:2349-2422. [PMID: 37021870 PMCID: PMC10393386 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00058.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 129.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are well known as organelles responsible for the maintenance of cellular bioenergetics through the production of ATP. Although oxidative phosphorylation may be their most important function, mitochondria are also integral for the synthesis of metabolic precursors, calcium regulation, the production of reactive oxygen species, immune signaling, and apoptosis. Considering the breadth of their responsibilities, mitochondria are fundamental for cellular metabolism and homeostasis. Appreciating this significance, translational medicine has begun to investigate how mitochondrial dysfunction can represent a harbinger of disease. In this review, we provide a detailed overview of mitochondrial metabolism, cellular bioenergetics, mitochondrial dynamics, autophagy, mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns, mitochondria-mediated cell death pathways, and how mitochondrial dysfunction at any of these levels is associated with disease pathogenesis. Mitochondria-dependent pathways may thereby represent an attractive therapeutic target for ameliorating human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Harrington
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States
| | | | - Maria Plataki
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States
| | - David R Price
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States
| | - Augustine M K Choi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States
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23
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Vozdek R, Wang B, Li KH, Pramstaller PP, Hicks AA, Ma DK. Fluorescent reporter of Caenorhabditis elegans Parkin: Regulators of its abundance and role in autophagy-lysosomal dynamics. OPEN RESEARCH EUROPE 2023; 2:23. [PMID: 37811477 PMCID: PMC10556562 DOI: 10.12688/openreseurope.14235.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Background: Parkin, which when mutated leads to early-onset Parkinson's disease, acts as an E3 ubiquitin ligase. How Parkin is regulated for selective protein and organelle targeting is not well understood. Here, we used protein interactor and genetic screens in Caenorhabditis elegans ( C. elegans) to identify new regulators of Parkin abundance and showed their impact on autophagy-lysosomal dynamics and alpha-Synuclein processing. Methods: We generated a transgene encoding mCherry-tagged C. elegans Parkin - Parkinson's Disease Related 1 (PDR-1). We performed protein interactor screen using Co-immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry analysis to identify putative interacting partners of PDR-1. Ribonucleic acid interference (RNAi) screen and an unbiased mutagenesis screen were used to identify genes regulating PDR-1 abundance. Confocal microscopy was used for the identification of the subcellular localization of PDR-1 and alpha-Synuclein processing. Results: We show that the mCherry::pdr-1 transgene rescues the mitochondrial phenotype of pdr-1 mutants and that the expressed PDR-1 reporter is localized in the cytosol with enriched compartmentalization in the autophagy-lysosomal system. We determined that the transgenic overexpression of the PDR-1 reporter, due to inactivated small interfering RNA (siRNA) generation pathway, disrupts autophagy-lysosomal dynamics. From the RNAi screen of putative PDR-1 interactors we found that the inactivated Adenine Nucleotide Translocator ant-1.1/hANT, or hybrid ubiquitin genes ubq-2/h UBA52 and ubl-1/h RPS27A encoding a single copy of ubiquitin fused to the ribosomal proteins L40 and S27a, respectively, induced PDR-1 abundance and affected lysosomal dynamics. In addition, we demonstrate that the abundant PDR-1 plays a role in alpha-Synuclein processing. Conclusions: These data show that the abundant reporter of C. elegans Parkin affects the autophagy-lysosomal system together with alpha-Synuclein processing which can help in understanding the pathology in Parkin-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Vozdek
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, 39100, Italy
| | - Bingying Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Physiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Kathy H. Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Peter P. Pramstaller
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, 39100, Italy
| | - Andrew A. Hicks
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, 39100, Italy
| | - Dengke K. Ma
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Physiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
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24
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Bulagouda R, Hegde S, Hegde R, Hiremath A, Wali GM, Kadakol GS. Variation in Exon 29 of the NOS1 Gene Does Not Contribute to Parkinson's Disease in the North Karnataka Population. Cureus 2023; 15:e45347. [PMID: 37849584 PMCID: PMC10577605 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nitric oxide (NO) overproduction has been found to have neurotoxic effects on the brain. Moreover, in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) induced, the suppression of the NO-synthesizing enzymes, such as neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and inducible NOS (iNOS), has neuroprotective benefits in Parkinson's disease (PD). These findings imply that NOS may have a role in regulating the nigral dopaminergic neurons' tolerance to environmental stressors in PD. OBJECTIVE In the present study, we investigated variations in the NOS1 gene that may raise the likelihood of PD. METHODS PD patients who visited the neurology departments of several medical colleges and hospitals in North Karnataka, India, between 2009 and 2011 were included in the study. The detailed clinic pathological details were obtained from 100 PD patients. Genomic DNA was isolated using the kit method followed by the evaluation of the quality and quantity of isolated gDNA. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of exon 29 was performed, and sequencing was performed using the Applied Biosystems ABI 3500 Sanger sequencing platform. RESULTS The present study is comprised of 100 PD patients, which includes 65 males and 35 females. There were 64 sporadic, 34 idiopathic, and two familial PD cases. The majority (67.1%) of PD cases were from metropolitan areas. Community-based segregation showed that the maximum cases were from Hindu Lingayat. A proportion (90.8%) of the patients had tremors, 32.7% of them displayed slowness in their daily tasks, and 8.1% of them had dyskinesia. Molecular analysis showed two untranslated region (UTR) variations g.151787 del T (rs1434015950) and g.151745 C>T (rs2682826) in our study group. CONCLUSION The absence of mutations in the targeted NOS1 gene in the PD patients from North Karnataka shows the involvement of other genes in the molecular pathophysiology. Thus, it is crucial to screen other possible genes using cutting-edge technology to obtain a clear picture of the genetics of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudragouda Bulagouda
- Anatomy, BLDE (Deemed to be University) Shri B M Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Vijayapura, IND
| | - Smita Hegde
- Genetics, Karnataka Institute for DNA Research, Dharwad, IND
| | - Rajat Hegde
- Genetics, Karnataka Institute for DNA Research, Dharwad, IND
| | - Ashwini Hiremath
- Neurology, BLDE (Deemed to be University) Shri B M Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Vijayapura, IND
| | - G M Wali
- Neurology, Neurospecialist Centre, Belagavi, IND
| | - Gurushantappa S Kadakol
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, BLDE (Deemed to be University) Shri B M Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Vijayapura, IND
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25
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Karpenko MN, Muruzheva ZM, Ilyechova EY, Babich PS, Puchkova LV. Abnormalities in Copper Status Associated with an Elevated Risk of Parkinson's Phenotype Development. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1654. [PMID: 37759957 PMCID: PMC10525645 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last 15 years, among the many reasons given for the development of idiopathic forms of Parkinson's disease (PD), copper imbalance has been identified as a factor, and PD is often referred to as a copper-mediated disorder. More than 640 papers have been devoted to the relationship between PD and copper status in the blood, which include the following markers: total copper concentration, enzymatic ceruloplasmin (Cp) concentration, Cp protein level, and non-ceruloplasmin copper level. Most studies measure only one of these markers. Therefore, the existence of a correlation between copper status and the development of PD is still debated. Based on data from the published literature, meta-analysis, and our own research, it is clear that there is a connection between the development of PD symptoms and the number of copper atoms, which are weakly associated with the ceruloplasmin molecule. In this work, the link between the risk of developing PD and various inborn errors related to copper metabolism, leading to decreased levels of oxidase ceruloplasmin in the circulation and cerebrospinal fluid, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina N. Karpenko
- I.P. Pavlov Department of Physiology, Research Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia; (M.N.K.); (Z.M.M.)
- Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnology, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Zamira M. Muruzheva
- I.P. Pavlov Department of Physiology, Research Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia; (M.N.K.); (Z.M.M.)
- State Budgetary Institution of Health Care “Leningrad Regional Clinical Hospital”, 194291 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Yu. Ilyechova
- Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnology, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia;
- Research Center of Advanced Functional Materials and Laser Communication Systems, ADTS Institute, ITMO University, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Research Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Polina S. Babich
- Department of Zoology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, 191186 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Ludmila V. Puchkova
- Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnology, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia;
- Research Center of Advanced Functional Materials and Laser Communication Systems, ADTS Institute, ITMO University, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Research Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
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Mohamed W. Leveraging genetic diversity to understand monogenic Parkinson's disease's landscape in AfrAbia. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASE 2023; 12:108-122. [PMID: 37736165 PMCID: PMC10509492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease may be caused by a single highly deleterious and penetrant pathogenic variant in 5-10% of cases (monogenic). Research into these mutational disorders yields important pathophysiological insights. This article examines the phenotype, genotype, pathophysiology, and geographic and ethnic distribution of genetic forms of disease. Well established Parkinson's disease (PD) causal variants can follow an autosomal dominant (SNCA, LRRK2, and VPS35) and autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance (PRKN, PINK1, and DJ). Parkinson's disease is a worldwide condition, yet the AfrAbia population is understudied in this regard. No prevalence or incidence investigations have been conducted yet. Few studies on genetic risk factors for PD in AfrAbia communities have been reported which supported the notion that the prevalence and incidence rates of PD in AfrAbia are generally lower than those reported for European and North American populations. There have been only a handful of documented genetic studies of PD in AfrAbia and very limited cohort and case-control research studies on PD have been documented. In this article, we provide a summary of prior conducted research on monogenic PD in Africa and highlight data gaps and promising new research directions. We emphasize that monogenic Parkinson's disease is influenced by distinctions in ethnicity and geography, thereby reinforcing the need for global initiatives to aggregate large numbers of patients and identify novel candidate genes. The current article increases our knowledge of the genetics of Parkinson's disease (PD) and helps to further our knowledge on the genetic factors that contribute to PD, such as the lower penetrance and varying clinical expressivity of known genetic variants, particularly in AfrAbian PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael Mohamed
- Basic Medical Science Department, Kulliyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
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27
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Pauwels EKJ, Boer GJ. Parkinson's Disease: A Tale of Many Players. Med Princ Pract 2023; 32:155-165. [PMID: 37285828 PMCID: PMC10601631 DOI: 10.1159/000531422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2020, more than 9 million patients suffering from Parkinson's disease (PD) were reported worldwide, and studies predict that the burden of this disease will grow substantially in industrial countries. In the last decade, there has been a better understanding of this neurodegenerative disorder, clinically characterized by motor disturbances, impaired balance, coordination, memory difficulties, and behavioral changes. Various preclinical investigations and studies on human postmortem brains suggest that local oxidative stress and inflammation promote misfolding and aggregation of alpha-synuclein within Lewy bodies and cause nerve cell damage. Parallel to these investigations, the familial contribution to the disease became evident from studies on genome-wide association in which specific genetic defects were linked to neuritic alpha-synuclein pathology. As for treatment, currently available pharmacological and surgical interventions may improve the quality of life but do not stop the progress of neurodegeneration. However, numerous preclinical studies have provided insights into the pathogenesis of PD. Their results provide a solid base for clinical trials and further developments. In this review, we discuss the pathogenesis, the prospects, and challenges of synolytic therapy, CRISPR, gene editing, and gene- and cell-based therapy. We also throw light on the recent observation that targeted physiotherapy may help improve the gait and other motor impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gerard J. Boer
- Netherlands Institute for Brain Research, Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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28
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Seyedtaghia MR, Soudyab M, Shariati M, Esfehani RJ, Vafadar S, Shalaei N, Nouri V, Zech M, Winkelmann J, shoeibi A, Sadr-Nabavi A. Copy number analysis from whole-exome sequencing data revealed a novel homozygous deletion in PARK7 leads to severe early-onset Parkinson's disease. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15393. [PMID: 37095917 PMCID: PMC10122007 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), a neurodegenerative disease characterized by both motor neuron and non-motor neuron symptoms, is the most frequent neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease. Both genetic and environmental factors take part in disease etiology. Most cases are considered complex multifactorial diseases. About 15% of PD appear in the familial form, and about 5% of all cases arise from a single gene mutation. Among Mendelian causes of PD, PARK7 is one of the autosomal recessive forms due to loss-of-function mutations in both gene alleles. Both single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and copy number variations (CNVs) are observed in PARK7. This study presents an Iranian family with familial PD where some relatives had psychiatric disorders. A homozygous 1617 bp deletion in a female with early-onset PD was detected through copy-number analysis from whole-exome sequencing (WES) data in this consanguineous family. Further investigation by surveying microhomology revealed that the actual size of the deletion is 3,625 bp. This novel CNV that was in the PARK7gene is supposed to co-relation with early-onset PD and infertility in this family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Seyedtaghia
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Soudyab
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shariati
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR)-Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Shabnam Vafadar
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Neda Shalaei
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vahid Nouri
- Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR)-Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Michael Zech
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- Institut für Humangenetik, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Julianne Winkelmann
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- Institut für Humangenetik, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Lehrstuhl für Neurogenetik, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, SyNergy, Munich, Germany
| | - Ali shoeibi
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ariane Sadr-Nabavi
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR)-Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad, Iran
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- Institut für Humangenetik, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Corresponding author. Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Bai XL, Luo YJ, Fan WQ, Zhang YM, Liao X. Neuroprotective Effects of Lycium Barbarum Fruit Extract on Pink1 B9Drosophila Melanogaster Genetic Model of Parkinson's Disease. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 78:68-75. [PMID: 36322321 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-022-01016-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lycium barbarum (LB) is a famous traditional Chinese medicinal plant as well as food supplement possessing various pharmacological functions such as anti-aging and antioxidant effects. The Parkinson's disease (PD)-related kinase Pink1 plays vital role in maintaining the neuron cell homeostasis, having been recognized as a potential target for the development of anti-PD drugs. In this work, the neuroprotective effects of methanol extract of LB fruit (LBFE) were investigated using a Drosophila PD model (PINK1B9) and a human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line. We found that when LBFE was supplied to the PINK1B9 flies at 6, 12, and 18 days of age, it raised the ATP and dopamine levels at all ages, extended life span, improved motor behavior, and rescued olfactory deficits of the PINK1B9 flies. In addition, histopathological examinations indicated that muscle atrophy in thoraces of the mutant flies was significantly repaired. Finally, LBFE was able to rescue the SH-SY5Y cells against MPP+-induced neurotoxicity. This work reports for the first time the anti-PD potential of L. barbarum fruit extract in PINK1 mutant fruit flies, presenting a new viewpoint for studing the mechanism of action of LBFE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lin Bai
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Jie Luo
- University of Western Australia, 6000, Perth, Australia
| | - Wen-Qin Fan
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Mei Zhang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xun Liao
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041, Chengdu, China.
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30
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Khan MA, Haider N, Singh T, Bandopadhyay R, Ghoneim MM, Alshehri S, Taha M, Ahmad J, Mishra A. Promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the management of Parkinson's disease: recent advancements and contemporary research. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:873-919. [PMID: 36807081 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01180-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the progressive neurological diseases which affect around 10 million population worldwide. The clinical manifestation of motor symptoms in PD patients appears later when most dopaminergic neurons have degenerated. Thus, for better management of PD, the development of accurate biomarkers for the early prognosis of PD is imperative. The present work will discuss the potential biomarkers from various attributes covering biochemical, microRNA, and neuroimaging aspects (α-synuclein, DJ-1, UCH-L1, β-glucocerebrosidase, BDNF, etc.) for diagnosis, recent development in PD management, and major limitations with current and conventional anti-Parkinson therapy. This manuscript summarizes potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets, based on available preclinical and clinical evidence, for better management of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ahmed Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Nafis Haider
- Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dhahran, 34313, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tanveer Singh
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA
| | - Ritam Bandopadhyay
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Mohammed M Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah, 13713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Murtada Taha
- Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dhahran, 34313, Saudi Arabia
| | - Javed Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, 11001, Saudi Arabia
| | - Awanish Mishra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Guwahati, Sila Katamur (Halugurisuk), Kamrup, Changsari, Assam, 781101, India.
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A Proteome-Wide Effect of PHF8 Knockdown on Cortical Neurons Shows Downregulation of Parkinson's Disease-Associated Protein Alpha-Synuclein and Its Interactors. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020486. [PMID: 36831023 PMCID: PMC9953648 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptic dysfunction may underlie the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD), a presently incurable condition characterized by motor and cognitive symptoms. Here, we used quantitative proteomics to study the role of PHD Finger Protein 8 (PHF8), a histone demethylating enzyme found to be mutated in X-linked intellectual disability and identified as a genetic marker of PD, in regulating the expression of PD-related synaptic plasticity proteins. Amongst the list of proteins found to be affected by PHF8 knockdown were Parkinson's-disease-associated SNCA (alpha synuclein) and PD-linked genes DNAJC6 (auxilin), SYNJ1 (synaptojanin 1), and the PD risk gene SH3GL2 (endophilin A1). Findings in this study show that depletion of PHF8 in cortical neurons affects the activity-induced expression of proteins involved in synaptic plasticity, synaptic structure, vesicular release and membrane trafficking, spanning the spectrum of pre-synaptic and post-synaptic transmission. Given that the depletion of even a single chromatin-modifying enzyme can affect synaptic protein expression in such a concerted manner, more in-depth studies will be needed to show whether such a mechanism can be exploited as a potential disease-modifying therapeutic drug target in PD.
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Ünal İ, Cansız D, Sürmen MG, Sürmen S, Sezer Z, Beler M, Üstündağ ÜV, Güzel E, Alturfan AA, Emekli-Alturfan E. Identification of molecular network of gut-brain axis associated with neuroprotective effects of PPARδ-ligand erucic acid in rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease model in zebrafish. Eur J Neurosci 2023; 57:585-606. [PMID: 36564343 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of the gut-brain axis in Parkinson's disease (PD) may lead to motor symptoms and PD pathogenesis. Recently, the neuroprotective potential of different PPARδ-agonists has been shown. We aimed to reveal the effects of erucic acid, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs)-ligand in rotenone-induced PD model in zebrafish, focusing on the gut-brain axis. Adult zebrafish were exposed to rotenone and erucic acid for 30 days. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis was performed. Raw files were analysed by Proteome Discoverer 2.4 software; peptide lists were searched against Danio rerio proteins. STRING database was used for protein annotations or interactions. Lipid peroxidation (LPO), nitric oxide (No), alkaline phosphatase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase (GST), acetylcholinesterase and the expressions of PD-related genes were determined. Immunohistochemical tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) staining was performed. LC-MS/MS analyses allowed identification of over 2000 proteins in each sample. The 2502 and 2707 proteins overlapped for intestine and brain. The 196 and 243 significantly dysregulated proteins in the brain and intestines were found in rotenone groups. Erucic acid treatment corrected the changes in the expression of proteins associated with cytoskeletal organisation, transport and localisation and improved locomotor activity, expressions of TH, PD-related genes (lrrk2, park2, park7, pink1) and oxidant-damage in brain and intestines in the rotenone group as evidenced by decreased LPO, No and increased GST. Our results showed beneficial effects of erucic acid as a PPARδ-ligand in neurotoxin-induced PD model in zebrafish. We believe that our study will shed light on the mechanism of the effects of PPARδ agonists and ω9-fatty acids in the gut-brain axis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- İsmail Ünal
- Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Derya Cansız
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Gani Sürmen
- Hamidiye Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Saime Sürmen
- Hamidiye Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zehra Sezer
- Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merih Beler
- Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ünsal Veli Üstündağ
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Güzel
- Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - A Ata Alturfan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebru Emekli-Alturfan
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Kumar S, Mehan S, Narula AS. Therapeutic modulation of JAK-STAT, mTOR, and PPAR-γ signaling in neurological dysfunctions. J Mol Med (Berl) 2023; 101:9-49. [PMID: 36478124 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-022-02272-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The cytokine-activated Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) cascade is a pleiotropic pathway that involves receptor subunit multimerization. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a ubiquitously expressed serine-threonine kinase that perceives and integrates a variety of intracellular and environmental stimuli to regulate essential activities such as cell development and metabolism. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) is a prototypical metabolic nuclear receptor involved in neural differentiation and axon polarity. The JAK-STAT, mTOR, and PPARγ signaling pathways serve as a highly conserved signaling hub that coordinates neuronal activity and brain development. Additionally, overactivation of JAK/STAT, mTOR, and inhibition of PPARγ signaling have been linked to various neurocomplications, including neuroinflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. Emerging research suggests that even minor disruptions in these cellular and molecular processes can have significant consequences manifested as neurological and neuropsychiatric diseases. Of interest, target modulators have been proven to alleviate neuronal complications associated with acute and chronic neurological deficits. This research-based review explores the therapeutic role of JAK-STAT, mTOR, and PPARγ signaling modulators in preventing neuronal dysfunctions in preclinical and clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kumar
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Punjab, Moga, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Punjab, Moga, India.
| | - Acharan S Narula
- Narula Research, LLC, 107 Boulder Bluff, Chapel Hill, NC, 27516, USA
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Vishwas S, Kumar R, Khursheed R, Ramanunny AK, Kumar R, Awasthi A, Corrie L, Porwal O, Arshad MF, Alshammari MK, Alghitran AA, Qumayri AN, Alkhaldi SM, Alshammari AK, Chellappan DK, Gupta G, Collet T, Adams J, Dua K, Gulati M, Singh SK. Expanding Arsenal against Neurodegenerative Diseases Using Quercetin Based Nanoformulations: Breakthroughs and Bottlenecks. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:1558-1574. [PMID: 35950245 PMCID: PMC10472810 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220810105421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Quercetin (Qu), a dietary flavonoid, is obtained from many fruits and vegetables such as coriander, broccoli, capers, asparagus, onion, figs, radish leaves, cranberry, walnuts, and citrus fruits. It has proven its role as a nutraceutical owing to numerous pharmacological effects against various diseases in preclinical studies. Despite these facts, Qu and its nanoparticles are less explored in clinical research as a nutraceutical. The present review covers various neuroprotective actions of Qu against various neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. A literature search was conducted to systematically review the various mechanistic pathways through which Qu elicits its neuroprotective actions and the challenges associated with raw Qu that compromise therapeutic efficacy. The nanoformulations developed to enhance Qu's therapeutic efficacy are also covered. Various ongoing/completed clinical trials related to Qu in treating various diseases, including NDs, are also tabulated. Despite these many successes, the exploration of research on Qu-loaded nanoformulations is limited mostly to preclinical studies, probably due to poor drug loading and stability of the formulation, time-consuming steps involved in the formulation, and their poor scale-up capacity. Hence, future efforts are required in this area to reach Qu nanoformulations to the clinical level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukriti Vishwas
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411 Punjab, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411 Punjab, India
| | - Rubiya Khursheed
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411 Punjab, India
| | | | - Rajan Kumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411 Punjab, India
| | - Ankit Awasthi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411 Punjab, India
| | - Leander Corrie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411 Punjab, India
| | - Omji Porwal
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tishk International University, Erbil, 44001, KRG, Iraq
| | - Mohammed F. Arshad
- Department of Research and Scientific Communications, Isthmus Research and Publishing House, New Delhi, 110044, India
| | | | - Abdulrahman A. Alghitran
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, General Administration of Pharmaceutical Care, Ministry of Health, Riyadh 11176, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashwaq N. Qumayri
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, General Administration of Pharmaceutical Care, Ministry of Health, Riyadh 11176, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saif M. Alkhaldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care, King Khalid Hospital in Majmaah, Riyadh Region 76312, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Road, Jagatpura, Jaipur, India
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Trudi Collet
- Innovative Medicines Group, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, Queensland, 4059, Australia
| | - Jon Adams
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411 Punjab, India
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411 Punjab, India
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
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Panda SP, Prasanth D, Gorla US, Dewanjee S. Interlinked role of ASN, TDP-43 and Miro1 with parkinopathy: Focus on targeted approach against neuropathy in parkinsonism. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 83:101783. [PMID: 36371014 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Parkinsonism is a complex neurodegenerative disease that is difficult to differentiate because of its idiopathic and unknown origins. The hereditary parkinsonism known as autosomal recessive-juvenile parkinsonism (AR-JP) is marked by tremors, dyskinesias, dystonic characteristics, and manifestations that improve sleep but do not include dementia. This was caused by deletions and point mutations in PARK2 (chromosome 6q25.2-27). Diminished or unusual sensations (paresthesias), loss of neuron strength both in the CNS and peripheral nerves, and lack of motor coordination are the hallmarks of neuropathy in parkinsonism. The incidence of parkinsonism during oxidative stress and ageing is associated with parkinopathy. Parkinopathy is hypothesized to be triggered by mutation of the parkin (PRKN) gene and loss of normal physiological functions of PRKN proteins, which triggers their pathogenic aggregation due to conformational changes. Two important genes that control mitochondrial health are PRKN and phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1). Overexpression of TAR DNA-binding protein-43 (TDP-43) increases the aggregation of insoluble PRKN proteins in OMM. Foreign α-synuclein (ASN) promotes parkinopathy via S-nitrosylation and hence has a neurotoxic effect on dopaminergic nerves. Miro1 (Miro GTPase1), a member of the RAS superfamily, is expressed in nerve cells. Due to PINK1/PRKN and Miro1's functional relationship, an excess of mitochondrial calcium culminates in the destruction of dopaminergic neurons. An interlinked understanding of TDP-43, PINK1/PRKN, ASN, and Miro1 signalling in the communication among astrocytes, microglia, neurons, and immune cells within the brain explored the pathway of neuronal death and shed light on novel strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva Prasad Panda
- Pharmacology Research Division, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, India.
| | - Dsnbk Prasanth
- Department of Pharmacognosy, KVSR Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vijayawada, AP, India
| | - Uma Sankar Gorla
- College of Pharmacy, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Guntur, Andhrapradesh, India
| | - Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
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Bhosale A, Paul G, Mazahir F, Yadav A. Theoretical and applied concepts of nanocarriers for the treatment of Parkinson's diseases. OPENNANO 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.onano.2022.100111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Sevenich M, Honold D, Willuweit A, Kutzsche J, Mohrlüder J, Willbold D. Development of an α-synuclein fibril and oligomer specific tracer for diagnosis of Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies and multiple system atrophy. Neurochem Int 2022; 161:105422. [PMID: 36252819 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The development of specific disease-associated PET tracers is one of the major challenges, the realization of which in neurodegenerative diseases would enable not only the efficiency of diagnosis but also support the development of disease-modifying therapeutics. Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder and is characterized by neuronal fibrillary inclusions composed of aggregated α-synuclein (α-syn). However, these deposits are not only found in PD, but also in other related diseases such as multiple system atrophy (MSA) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), which are grouped under the term synucleinopathies. In this study, we used NGS-guided phage display selection to identify short peptides that bind aggregated α-syn. By surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based affinity screening, we identified the peptide SVLfib-5 that recognizes aggregated α-syn with high complex stability and sequence specificity. Further analysis SPR showed that SVLfib-5 is not only specific for aggregated α-syn, but in particular recognizes fibrillary and oligomeric structures. Moreover, fluorescence microscopy of human brain tissue sections from PD, MSA, and DLB patients with SVLfib-5 allowed specific recognition of α-syn and a clear discrimination between diseased and non-diseased samples. These findings provide the basis for the further development of an α-syn PET tracer for early diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression and therapy progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Sevenich
- Priavoid GmbH, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7), Forschungszsentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Dominik Honold
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7), Forschungszsentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Antje Willuweit
- Priavoid GmbH, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Janine Kutzsche
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7), Forschungszsentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Jeannine Mohrlüder
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7), Forschungszsentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Dieter Willbold
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7), Forschungszsentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; JuStruct, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
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Islam F, Islam MM, Khan Meem AF, Nafady MH, Islam MR, Akter A, Mitra S, Alhumaydhi FA, Emran TB, Khusro A, Simal-Gandara J, Eftekhari A, Karimi F, Baghayeri M. Multifaceted role of polyphenols in the treatment and management of neurodegenerative diseases. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:136020. [PMID: 35985383 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are conditions that cause neuron structure and/or function to deteriorate over time. Genetic alterations may be responsible for several NDDs. However, a multitude of physiological systems can trigger neurodegeneration. Several NDDs, such as Huntington's, Parkinson's, and Alzheimer's, are assigned to oxidative stress (OS). Low concentrations of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are crucial for maintaining normal brain activities, as their increasing concentrations can promote neural apoptosis. OS-mediated neurodegeneration has been linked to several factors, including notable dysfunction of mitochondria, excitotoxicity, and Ca2+ stress. However, synthetic drugs are commonly utilized to treat most NDDs, and these treatments have been known to have side effects during treatment. According to providing empirical evidence, studies have discovered many occurring natural components in plants used to treat NDDs. Polyphenols are often safer and have lesser side effects. As, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, resveratrol, curcumin, quercetin, celastrol, berberine, genistein, and luteolin have p-values less than 0.05, so they are typically considered to be statistically significant. These polyphenols could be a choice of interest as therapeutics for NDDs. This review highlighted to discusses the putative effectiveness of polyphenols against the most prevalent NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahadul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mohaimenul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Atkia Farzana Khan Meem
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Mohamed H Nafady
- Faculty of Applied Health Science Technology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza, 12568, Egypt
| | - Md Rezaul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Aklima Akter
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Saikat Mitra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Fahad A Alhumaydhi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh; Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, 4381, Bangladesh.
| | - Ameer Khusro
- Department of Biotechnology, Hindustan College of Arts & Science, Padur, OMR, Chennai, 603103, India; Centre for Research and Development, Department of Biotechnology, Hindustan College of Arts & Science, Padur, OMR, Chennai, 603103, India
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, E32004, Ourense, Spain.
| | - Aziz Eftekhari
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Karimi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Quchan University of Technology, Quchan, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Baghayeri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hakim Sabzevari University, PO. Box 397, Sabzevar, Iran.
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Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a complex, chronic, and progressive neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by irreversible dopaminergic neuronal loss in the substantia nigra. Alpha-synuclein is normally a synaptic protein that plays a key role in PD due to pathological accumulation as oligomers or fibrils. Clustered alpha-synuclein binds to the Toll-like receptors and activates the microglia, which initiates a process that continues with pro-inflammatory cytokine production and secretion. Pro-inflammatory cytokine overproduction and secretion induce cell death and accelerate PD progression. Microglia are found in a resting state in physiological conditions. Microglia became activated by stimulating Toll-like receptors on it under pathological conditions, such as alpha-synuclein aggregation, environmental toxins, or oxidative stress. The interaction between Toll-like receptors and its downstream pathway triggers an activation series, leads to nuclear factor-kappa B activation, initiates the inflammasome formation, and increases cytokine levels. This consecutive inflammatory process leads to dopaminergic cell damage and cell death. Microglia become overactive in response to chronic inflammation, which is observed in PD and causes excessive cytotoxic factor production, such as reactive oxidase, nitric oxide, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. This inflammatory process contributes to the exacerbation of pathology by triggering neuronal damage or death. Current treatments, such as dopaminergic agonists, anticholinergics, or monoamine oxidase inhibitors alleviate PD symptoms, but they can not stop the disease progression. Finding a radical treatment option or stopping the progression is essential when considering that PD is the second most reported neurodegenerative disorder. Many cytokines are released during inflammation, and they can start the phagocytic process, which caused the degradation of infected cells along with healthy ones. Therefore, targeting the pathological mechanisms, such as microglial activation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress, that should be involved in the treatment program is important. Neuroinflammation is one of the key factors involved in PD pathogenesis as well as alpha-synuclein accumulation, synaptic dysfunction, or dopaminergic neuronal loss, especially in the substantia nigra. Therefore, evaluating the therapeutic efficiency of the mechanisms is important, such as microglial activation and nuclear factor-kappa B pathway or inflammasome formation inhibition, and cytokine release interruption against neuroinflammation may create new treatment possibilities for PD. This study examined the pathological relation between PD and neuroinflammation, and targeting neuroinflammation as an opportunity for PD treatments, such as Toll-like receptor antagonists, NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing-3 inflammasome inhibitors, cytokine inhibitors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ agonists, reactive oxygen species inhibitors, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Boyd RJ, Avramopoulos D, Jantzie LL, McCallion AS. Neuroinflammation represents a common theme amongst genetic and environmental risk factors for Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:223. [PMID: 36076238 PMCID: PMC9452283 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02584-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Multifactorial diseases are characterized by inter-individual variation in etiology, age of onset, and penetrance. These diseases tend to be relatively common and arise from the combined action of genetic and environmental factors; however, parsing the convoluted mechanisms underlying these gene-by-environment interactions presents a significant challenge to their study and management. For neurodegenerative disorders, resolving this challenge is imperative, given the enormous health and societal burdens they impose. The mechanisms by which genetic and environmental effects may act in concert to destabilize homeostasis and elevate risk has become a major research focus in the study of common disease. Emphasis is further being placed on determining the extent to which a unifying biological principle may account for the progressively diminishing capacity of a system to buffer disease phenotypes, as risk for disease increases. Data emerging from studies of common, neurodegenerative diseases are providing insights to pragmatically connect mechanisms of genetic and environmental risk that previously seemed disparate. In this review, we discuss evidence positing inflammation as a unifying biological principle of homeostatic destabilization affecting the risk, onset, and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Specifically, we discuss how genetic variation associated with Alzheimer disease and Parkinson disease may contribute to pro-inflammatory responses, how such underlying predisposition may be exacerbated by environmental insults, and how this common theme is being leveraged in the ongoing search for effective therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel J Boyd
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Dimitri Avramopoulos
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Lauren L Jantzie
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Andrew S McCallion
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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Wood SA, Hains PG, Muller A, Hill M, Premarathne S, Murtaza M, Robinson PJ, Mellick GD, Sykes AM. Proteomic profiling of idiopathic Parkinson's disease primary patient cells by SWATH-MS. Proteomics Clin Appl 2022; 16:e2200015. [PMID: 35579911 PMCID: PMC9787017 DOI: 10.1002/prca.202200015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease. It is generally diagnosed clinically after the irreversible loss of dopaminergic neurons and no general biomarkers currently exist. To gain insight into the underlying cellular causes of PD we aimed to quantify the proteomic differences between healthy control and PD patient cells. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Sequential Window Acquisition of all THeoretical Mass Spectra was performed on primary cells from healthy controls and PD patients. RESULTS In total, 1948 proteins were quantified and 228 proteins were significantly differentially expressed in PD patient cells. In PD patient cells, we identified seven significantly increased proteins involved in the unfolded protein response (UPR) and focused on cells with high and low amounts of PDIA6 and HYOU1. We discovered that PD patients with high amounts of PDIA6 and HYOU1 proteins were more sensitive to endoplasmic reticulum stress, in particular to tunicamycin. Data is available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD030723. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE This data from primary patient cells has uncovered a critical role of the UPR in patients with PD and may provide insight to the underlying cellular dysfunctions in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A. Wood
- Griffith Institute for Drug DiscoveryGriffith UniversityNathanQueenslandAustralia
| | - Peter G. Hains
- Cell Signalling UnitChildren's Medical Research InstituteThe University of SydneyWestmeadNSWAustralia
| | | | - Melissa Hill
- Griffith Institute for Drug DiscoveryGriffith UniversityNathanQueenslandAustralia
| | - Susitha Premarathne
- Griffith Institute for Drug DiscoveryGriffith UniversityNathanQueenslandAustralia
| | - Mariyam Murtaza
- Griffith Institute for Drug DiscoveryGriffith UniversityNathanQueenslandAustralia
| | - Phillip J. Robinson
- Cell Signalling UnitChildren's Medical Research InstituteThe University of SydneyWestmeadNSWAustralia
| | - George D. Mellick
- Griffith Institute for Drug DiscoveryGriffith UniversityNathanQueenslandAustralia
| | - Alex M. Sykes
- Griffith Institute for Drug DiscoveryGriffith UniversityNathanQueenslandAustralia
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Stern S, Lau S, Manole A, Rosh I, Percia MM, Ben Ezer R, Shokhirev MN, Qiu F, Schafer S, Mansour AA, Mangan KP, Stern T, Ofer P, Stern Y, Diniz Mendes AP, Djamus J, Moore LR, Nayak R, Laufer SH, Aicher A, Rhee A, Wong TL, Nguyen T, Linker SB, Winner B, Freitas BC, Jones E, Sagi I, Bardy C, Brice A, Winkler J, Marchetto MC, Gage FH. Reduced synaptic activity and dysregulated extracellular matrix pathways in midbrain neurons from Parkinson's disease patients. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2022; 8:103. [PMID: 35948563 PMCID: PMC9365794 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-022-00366-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Several mutations that cause Parkinson's disease (PD) have been identified over the past decade. These account for 15-25% of PD cases; the rest of the cases are considered sporadic. Currently, it is accepted that PD is not a single monolithic disease but rather a constellation of diseases with some common phenotypes. While rodent models exist for some of the PD-causing mutations, research on the sporadic forms of PD is lagging due to a lack of cellular models. In our study, we differentiated PD patient-derived dopaminergic (DA) neurons from the induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) of several PD-causing mutations as well as from sporadic PD patients. Strikingly, we observed a common neurophysiological phenotype: neurons derived from PD patients had a severe reduction in the rate of synaptic currents compared to those derived from healthy controls. While the relationship between mutations in genes such as the SNCA and LRRK2 and a reduction in synaptic transmission has been investigated before, here we show evidence that the pathogenesis of the synapses in neurons is a general phenotype in PD. Analysis of RNA sequencing results displayed changes in gene expression in different synaptic mechanisms as well as other affected pathways such as extracellular matrix-related pathways. Some of these dysregulated pathways are common to all PD patients (monogenic or idiopathic). Our data, therefore, show changes that are central and convergent to PD and suggest a strong involvement of the tetra-partite synapse in PD pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shani Stern
- Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Shong Lau
- Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Andreea Manole
- Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Idan Rosh
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Menachem Mendel Percia
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ran Ben Ezer
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Maxim N Shokhirev
- Razavi Newman Integrative Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Fan Qiu
- Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Simon Schafer
- Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Abed AlFatah Mansour
- Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Kile P Mangan
- Fujifilm Cellular Dynamics, In, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
| | - Tchelet Stern
- Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Polina Ofer
- Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yam Stern
- Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Jose Djamus
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Lynne Randolph Moore
- Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ritu Nayak
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Sapir Havusha Laufer
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Aidan Aicher
- Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Amanda Rhee
- Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Thomas L Wong
- Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Thao Nguyen
- Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sara B Linker
- Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Beate Winner
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Eugenia Jones
- Fujifilm Cellular Dynamics, In, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
| | - Irit Sagi
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Cedric Bardy
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Laboratory for Human Neurophysiology and Genetics, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Flinders University, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Alexis Brice
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Juergen Winkler
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen- Nürnberg, Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Maria C Marchetto
- Department of Anthropology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Fred H Gage
- Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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De Plano LM, Calabrese G, Conoci S, Guglielmino SPP, Oddo S, Caccamo A. Applications of CRISPR-Cas9 in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158714. [PMID: 35955847 PMCID: PMC9368966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington’s disease represent some of the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders afflicting millions of people worldwide. Unfortunately, there is a lack of efficacious treatments to cure or stop the progression of these disorders. While the causes of such a lack of therapies can be attributed to various reasons, the disappointing results of recent clinical trials suggest the need for novel and innovative approaches. Since its discovery, there has been a growing excitement around the potential for CRISPR-Cas9 mediated gene editing to identify novel mechanistic insights into disease pathogenesis and to mediate accurate gene therapy. To this end, the literature is rich with experiments aimed at generating novel models of these disorders and offering proof-of-concept studies in preclinical animal models validating the great potential and versatility of this gene-editing system. In this review, we provide an overview of how the CRISPR-Cas9 systems have been used in these neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. De Plano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 31, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanna Calabrese
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 31, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Sabrina Conoci
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 31, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore P. P. Guglielmino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 31, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Oddo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 31, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonella Caccamo
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Dilliott AA, Zhang KK, Wang J, Abrahao A, Binns MA, Black SE, Borrie M, Dowlatshahi D, Finger E, Fischer CE, Frank A, Freedman M, Grimes D, Hassan A, Jog M, Kumar S, Lang AE, Mandzia J, Masellis M, Pasternak SH, Pollock BG, Rajji TK, Rogaeva E, Sahlas DJ, Saposnik G, Sato C, Seitz D, Shoesmith C, Steeves TDL, Swartz RH, Tan B, Tang‐Wai DF, Tartaglia MC, Turnbull J, Zinman L, Hegele RA. Targeted copy number variant identification across the neurodegenerative disease spectrum. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2022; 10:e1986. [PMID: 35666053 PMCID: PMC9356547 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although genetic factors are known to contribute to neurodegenerative disease susceptibility, there remains a large amount of heritability unaccounted for across the diagnoses. Copy number variants (CNVs) contribute to these phenotypes, but their presence and influence on disease state remains relatively understudied. METHODS Here, we applied a depth of coverage approach to detect CNVs in 80 genes previously associated with neurodegenerative disease within participants of the Ontario Neurodegenerative Disease Research Initiative (n = 519). RESULTS In total, we identified and validated four CNVs in the cohort, including: (1) a heterozygous deletion of exon 5 in OPTN in an Alzheimer's disease participant; (2) a duplication of exons 1-5 in PARK7 in an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis participant; (3) a duplication of >3 Mb, which encompassed ABCC6, in a cerebrovascular disease (CVD) participant; and (4) a duplication of exons 7-11 in SAMHD1 in a mild cognitive impairment participant. We also identified 43 additional CNVs that may be candidates for future replication studies. CONCLUSION The identification of the CNVs suggests a portion of the apparent missing heritability of the phenotypes may be due to these structural variants, and their assessment is imperative for a thorough understanding of the genetic spectrum of neurodegeneration.
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Frequency of Parkinson’s Disease Genes and Role of PARK2 in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: An NGS Study. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13081306. [PMID: 35893043 PMCID: PMC9332209 DOI: 10.3390/genes13081306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients show a higher prevalence of Lewy body disease than the general population. Additionally, parkinsonian features were found in about 30% of ALS patients. We aimed to explore the frequency of Parkinson’s disease (PD)-causative genes in ALS patients, compared to AD and healthy controls (HCs). We used next-generation sequencing multigene panels by analyzing SNCA, LRRK2, PINK1, PARK2, PARK7, SYNJ1, CHCHD2, PLA2G6, GCH1, ATP13A2, DNAJC6 and FBXO genes. GBA gene, a risk factor for PD, was also analyzed. In total, 130 ALS and 100 AD patients were investigated. PD-related genes were found to be altered in 26.2% of ALS, 20% of AD patients and 19.2% of HCs. Autosomal recessive genes were significantly more involved in ALS as compared to AD and HCs (p = 0.021). PARK2 variants were more frequent in ALS than in AD and HCs, although not significantly. However, the p.Arg402Cys variant was increased in ALS than in HCs (p = 0.025). This finding is consistent with current literature, as parkin levels were found to be decreased in ALS animal models and patients. Our results confirm the possible role of PD-related genes as risk modifier in ALS pathogenesis.
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Mamais A, Kaganovich A, Harvey K. Convergence of signalling pathways in innate immune responses and genetic forms of Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 169:105721. [PMID: 35405260 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years progress in molecular biology and genetics have advanced our understanding of neurological disorders and highlighted synergistic relationships with inflammatory and age-related processes. Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Increasing extensive evidence supports the contribution of genetic risk variants and inflammation in the pathobiology of this disease. Functional and genetic studies demonstrate an overlap between genes linked to increased risk for PD and autoimmune diseases. Variants identified in loci adjacent to LRRK2, GBA, and HLA establish a crosstalk between the pathobiologies of the two disease spectra. Furthermore, common signalling pathways associated with the pathogenesis of genetic PD are also relevant to inflammatory signaling include MAPK, NF-κB, Wnt and inflammasome signaling. Importantly, post-mortem analyses of brain and cerebrospinal fluid from PD patients show the accumulation of proinflammatory cytokines. In this review we will focus on the principal mechanisms of genetic, inflammatory and age-related risk that intersect in the pathogenesis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adamantios Mamais
- Department of Neurology, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Alice Kaganovich
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kirsten Harvey
- Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK..
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Chen Y, Zhou D, Yao Y, Sun Y, Yao F, Ma L. Monoubiquitination in Homeostasis and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115925. [PMID: 35682605 PMCID: PMC9180643 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoubiquitination is a post-translational modification (PTM), through which a single ubiquitin molecule is covalently conjugated to a lysine residue of the target protein. Monoubiquitination regulates the activity, subcellular localization, protein-protein interactions, or endocytosis of the substrate. In doing so, monoubiquitination is implicated in diverse cellular processes, including gene transcription, endocytosis, signal transduction, cell death, and DNA damage repair, which in turn regulate cell-cycle progression, survival, proliferation, and stress response. In this review, we summarize the functions of monoubiquitination and discuss how this PTM modulates homeostasis and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Chen
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.C.); (D.Z.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Dandan Zhou
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.C.); (D.Z.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yinan Yao
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.C.); (D.Z.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yutong Sun
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Fan Yao
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.C.); (D.Z.); (Y.Y.)
- Hubei Clinical Research Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Cancer, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
- Correspondence: (F.Y.); (L.M.)
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: (F.Y.); (L.M.)
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Padmakumar S, Kulkarni P, Ferris CF, Bleier BS, Amiji MM. Traumatic brain injury and the development of parkinsonism: Understanding pathophysiology, animal models, and therapeutic targets. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 149:112812. [PMID: 35290887 PMCID: PMC9050934 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical translation of therapeutic approaches to combat debilitating neurodegenerative conditions, such as Parkinson's disease (PD), remains as an urgent unmet challenge. The strong molecular association between the pathogenesis of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and the development of parkinsonism in humans has been well established. Therefore, a lot of ongoing research aims to investigate this pathology overlap in-depth, to exploit the common targets of TBI and PD for development of more effective and long-term treatment strategies. This review article intends to provide a detailed background on TBI pathophysiology and its established overlap with PD with an additional emphasis on the recent findings about their effect on perivascular clearance. Although, the traditional animal models of TBI and PD are still being considered, there is a huge focus on the development of combinatory hybrid animal models coupling concussion with the pre-established PD models for a better recapitulation of the human context of PD pathogenesis. Lastly, the therapeutic targets for TBI and PD, and the contemporary research involving exosomes, DNA vaccines, miRNA, gene therapy and gene editing for the development of potential candidates are discussed, along with the recent development of lesser invasive and promising central nervous system (CNS) drug delivery strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smrithi Padmakumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Praveen Kulkarni
- Center for Translational NeuroImaging, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Craig F Ferris
- Center for Translational NeuroImaging, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Benjamin S Bleier
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Mansoor M Amiji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States of America.
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Checler F, Alves da Costa C. Parkin as a Molecular Bridge Linking Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases? Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12040559. [PMID: 35454148 PMCID: PMC9026546 DOI: 10.3390/biom12040559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s (AD) and Parkinson’s (PD) diseases are two distinct age-related pathologies that are characterized by various common dysfunctions. They are referred to as proteinopathies characterized by ubiquitinated protein accumulation and aggregation. This accumulation is mainly due to altered lysosomal and proteasomal clearing processes and is generally accompanied by ER stress disturbance, autophagic and mitophagic defects, mitochondrial structure and function alterations and enhanced neuronal cell death. Genetic approaches aimed at identifying molecular triggers responsible for familial forms of AD or PD have helped to understand the etiology of their sporadic counterparts. It appears that several proteins thought to contribute to one of these pathologies are also likely to contribute to the other. One such protein is parkin (PK). Here, we will briefly describe anatomical lesions and genetic advances linked to AD and PD as well as the main cellular processes commonly affected in these pathologies. Further, we will focus on current studies suggesting that PK could well participate in AD and thereby act as a molecular bridge between these two pathologies. In particular, we will focus on the transcription factor function of PK and its newly described transcriptional targets that are directly related to AD- and PD-linked cellular defects.
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50
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Panda SP, Soni U. A review of dementia, focusing on the distinct roles of viral protein corona and MMP9 in dementia: Potential pharmacotherapeutic priorities. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 75:101560. [PMID: 35031512 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Dementia, in particular, is a defining feature of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Because of the combination of motor and cognitive impairments, Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD) has a greater impact on affected people than Alzheimer's disease dementia (ADD) and others. If one family member develops dementia, the other members will suffer greatly in terms of social and occupational functioning. Currently, no relevant treatment is available based on an examination of the absolute pathophysiology of dementia. As a result, our objective of current review encouraged to look for dementia pharmacotherapy based on their pathogenesis. We systematically searched electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and ESCI for information on the pathophysiology of demetia, as well as their treatment with allopathic and herbal medications. By modulating intermediate proteins, oxidative stress, viral protein corona, and MMP9 are etiological factors that cause dementia. The pathophysiology of ADD was described by two hypotheses: the amyloid cascade hypothesis and the tau and tangle hypothesis. ADD is caused by an increase in amyloid-beta (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles in the cerebrum. The viral protein corona (VPC) is more contagious and helps to form amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the cerebrum. Thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) inside the BBB encourages Aβ to become more engaged. PDD is caused by decreased or absent dopamine secretion from nerve cells in the substantia nigra, as well as PRKN gene deletion/duplication mutations, and shift in the PRKN-PACRG organisation, all of which are linked to ageing. This article discussed the pathophysiology of dementia, as well as a list of herbal medications that can easily cross the BBB and have a therapeutic effect on dementia.
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