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Yu QX, Liu N, Zhen L, Lin XM, Wen YJ, Li DZ. Phenotypic and genotypic analysis of 11 fetal cases with Bardet-Biedl syndrome. Prenat Diagn 2024. [PMID: 38840299 DOI: 10.1002/pd.6619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To present the prenatal sonographic features and genomic spectrum of pregnancies with fetal Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS). METHODS This was a retrospective study of 11 cases with BBS diagnosed by prenatal ultrasound and confirmed by genetic testing. Clinical and laboratory data were collected and reviewed for these cases, including maternal demographics, prenatal sonographic findings, molecular testing sequencing results, and pregnancy outcomes. RESULTS All cases had unremarkable first-trimester ultrasound scans without reporting limb malformations. All had second-trimester abnormal ultrasounds: postaxial polydactyly in nine cases (9/11), renal abnormalities in seven (7/11), reduced amniotic fluid volume in two (2/11), central nervous system anomalies in two (2/11), and ascites in three (3/11). Ten fetuses presented with at least two-system anomalies, and one (Case 11) presented with only postaxial polydactyly. Variants were detected in five genes, including BBS2, ARL6/BBS3, BBS7, CEP290/BBS14 and IFT74/BBS22. Ten pregnancies were terminated in the second trimester, while one continued to term. CONCLUSION Enlarged hyperechogenic kidneys and postaxial polydactyly are the two most common sonographic features of fetal BBS. Prenatal diagnosis of BBS can be done with ultrasound and genetic testing although the diagnosis may be made in the second trimester.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Xia Yu
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Na Liu
- Obstetrics Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Zhen
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Lin
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yun-Jing Wen
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dong-Zhi Li
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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2
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Moya R, Angée C, Hanein S, Jabot-Hanin F, Kaplan J, Perrault I, Rozet JM, Fares Taie L. Four Unique Genetic Variants in Three Genes Account for 62.7% of Early-Onset Severe Retinal Dystrophy in Chile: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Consequences. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6151. [PMID: 38892339 PMCID: PMC11172861 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA)/early-onset severe retinal dystrophy (EOSRD) stand as primary causes of incurable childhood blindness. This study investigates the clinical and molecular architecture of syndromic and non-syndromic LCA/EOSRD within a Chilean cohort (67 patients/60 families). Leveraging panel sequencing, 95.5% detection was achieved, revealing 17 genes and 126 variants (32 unique). CRB1, LCA5, and RDH12 dominated (71.9%), with CRB1 being the most prevalent (43.8%). Notably, four unique variants (LCA5 p.Glu415*, CRB1 p.Ser1049Aspfs*40 and p.Cys948Tyr, RDH12 p.Leu99Ile) constituted 62.7% of all disease alleles, indicating their importance for targeted analysis in Chilean patients. This study underscores a high degree of inbreeding in Chilean families affected by pediatric retinal blindness, resulting in a limited mutation repertoire. Furthermore, it complements and reinforces earlier reports, indicating the involvement of ADAM9 and RP1 as uncommon causes of LCA/EOSRD. These data hold significant value for patient and family counseling, pharmaceutical industry endeavors in personalized medicine, and future enrolment in gene therapy-based treatments, particularly with ongoing trials (LCA5) or advancing preclinical developments (CRB1 and RDH12).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rene Moya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital del Salvador, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7500922, Chile;
| | - Clémentine Angée
- Laboratory of Genetics in Ophthalmology (LGO), INSERM UMR1163, Institute of Genetic Diseases, Imagine and Paris Descartes University, 75015 Paris, France (I.P.)
| | - Sylvain Hanein
- Bioinformatic Platform, INSERM UMR1163, Institute of Genetic Diseases, Imagine and Paris Descartes University, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Fabienne Jabot-Hanin
- Bioinformatic Platform, INSERM UMR1163, Institute of Genetic Diseases, Imagine and Paris Descartes University, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Josseline Kaplan
- Laboratory of Genetics in Ophthalmology (LGO), INSERM UMR1163, Institute of Genetic Diseases, Imagine and Paris Descartes University, 75015 Paris, France (I.P.)
| | - Isabelle Perrault
- Laboratory of Genetics in Ophthalmology (LGO), INSERM UMR1163, Institute of Genetic Diseases, Imagine and Paris Descartes University, 75015 Paris, France (I.P.)
| | - Jean-Michel Rozet
- Laboratory of Genetics in Ophthalmology (LGO), INSERM UMR1163, Institute of Genetic Diseases, Imagine and Paris Descartes University, 75015 Paris, France (I.P.)
| | - Lucas Fares Taie
- Laboratory of Genetics in Ophthalmology (LGO), INSERM UMR1163, Institute of Genetic Diseases, Imagine and Paris Descartes University, 75015 Paris, France (I.P.)
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Kurzawa-Akanbi M, Tzoumas N, Corral-Serrano JC, Guarascio R, Steel DH, Cheetham ME, Armstrong L, Lako M. Pluripotent stem cell-derived models of retinal disease: Elucidating pathogenesis, evaluating novel treatments, and estimating toxicity. Prog Retin Eye Res 2024; 100:101248. [PMID: 38369182 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2024.101248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Blindness poses a growing global challenge, with approximately 26% of cases attributed to degenerative retinal diseases. While gene therapy, optogenetic tools, photosensitive switches, and retinal prostheses offer hope for vision restoration, these high-cost therapies will benefit few patients. Understanding retinal diseases is therefore key to advance effective treatments, requiring in vitro models replicating pathology and allowing quantitative assessments for drug discovery. Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) provide a unique solution given their limitless supply and ability to differentiate into light-responsive retinal tissues encompassing all cell types. This review focuses on the history and current state of photoreceptor and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell generation from PSCs. We explore the applications of this technology in disease modelling, experimental therapy testing, biomarker identification, and toxicity studies. We consider challenges in scalability, standardisation, and reproducibility, and stress the importance of incorporating vasculature and immune cells into retinal organoids. We advocate for high-throughput automation in data acquisition and analyses and underscore the value of advanced micro-physiological systems that fully capture the interactions between the neural retina, RPE, and choriocapillaris.
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4
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Shoemaker A. Bardet-Biedl syndrome: A clinical overview focusing on diagnosis, outcomes and best-practice management. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26 Suppl 2:25-33. [PMID: 38383825 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a genetic disorder characterized by early-onset obesity, polydactyly, genital and kidney anomalies, developmental delay and vision loss due to rod-cone dystrophy. BBS is an autosomal recessive disorder with >20 implicated genes. The genotype-phenotype relationship in BBS is not clear, and there may be additional modifying factors. The underlying mechanism is dysfunction of primary cilia. In BBS, receptor trafficking in and out of the cilia is compromised, affecting multiple organ systems. Along with early-onset obesity, hyperphagia is a prominent symptom and contributes significantly to clinical morbidity and caregiver burden. While there is no cure for BBS, setmelanotide is a new pharmacotherapy approved for treatment of obesity in BBS. The differential diagnosis for BBS includes other ciliopathies, such as Alstrom syndrome, and other genetic obesity syndromes, such as Prader-Willi syndrome. Careful clinical history and genetic testing can help determine the diagnosis and a multidisciplinary team is necessary to guide clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Shoemaker
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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5
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Grlić S, Gregurović V, Martinić M, Davidović M, Kos I, Galić S, Fištrek Prlić M, Vuković Brinar I, Vrljičak K, Lamot L. Single-Center Experience of Pediatric Cystic Kidney Disease and Literature Review. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:392. [PMID: 38671609 PMCID: PMC11048964 DOI: 10.3390/children11040392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pediatric cystic kidney disease (CyKD) includes conditions characterized by renal cysts. Despite extensive research in this field, there are no reliable genetics or other biomarkers to estimate the phenotypic consequences. Therefore, CyKD in children heavily relies on clinical and diagnostic testing to predict the long-term outcomes. AIM A retrospective study aimed to provide a concise overview of this condition and analyze real-life data from a single-center pediatric CyKD cohort followed during a 12-year period. METHODS AND MATERIALS Medical records were reviewed for extensive clinical, laboratory, and radiological data, treatment approaches, and long-term outcomes. RESULTS During the study period, 112 patients received a diagnosis of pediatric CyKD. Male patients were more involved than female (1:0.93). Fifty-six patients had a multicystic dysplastic kidney; twenty-one of them had an autosomal dominant disorder; fifteen had an isolated renal cyst; ten had been diagnosed with autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease; three had the tuberous sclerosis complex; two patients each had Bardet-Biedl, Joubert syndrome, and nephronophthisis; and one had been diagnosed with the trisomy 13 condition. Genetic testing was performed in 17.9% of the patients, revealing disease-causing mutations in three-quarters (75.0%) of the tested patients. The most commonly presenting symptoms were abdominal distension (21.4%), abdominal pain (15.2%), and oligohydramnios (12.5%). Recurrent urinary tract infections (UTI) were documented in one-quarter of the patients, while 20.5% of them developed hypertension during the long-term follow-up. Antibiotic prophylaxis and antihypertensive treatment were the most employed therapeutic modalities. Seventeen patients progressed to chronic kidney disease (CKD), with thirteen of them eventually reaching end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The time from the initial detection of cysts on an ultrasound (US) to the onset of CKD across the entire cohort was 59.0 (7.0-31124.0) months, whereas the duration from the detection of cysts on an US to the onset of ESRD across the whole cohort was 127.0 (33.0-141.0) months. The median follow-up duration in the cohort was 3.0 (1.0-7.0) years. The patients who progressed to ESRD had clinical symptoms at the time of initial clinical presentation. CONCLUSION This study is the first large cohort of patients reported from Croatia. The most common CyKD was the multicystic dysplastic kidney disease. The most common clinical presentation was abdominal distention, abdominal pain, and oliguria. The most common long-term complications were recurrent UTIs, hypertension, CKD, and ESRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Grlić
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.G.); (I.V.B.); (L.L.)
| | - Viktorija Gregurović
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.G.); (I.V.B.); (L.L.)
| | - Mislav Martinić
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Center Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.M.); (M.D.); (I.K.); (S.G.); (K.V.)
| | - Maša Davidović
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Center Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.M.); (M.D.); (I.K.); (S.G.); (K.V.)
| | - Ivanka Kos
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Center Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.M.); (M.D.); (I.K.); (S.G.); (K.V.)
| | - Slobodan Galić
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Center Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.M.); (M.D.); (I.K.); (S.G.); (K.V.)
| | - Margareta Fištrek Prlić
- Department of Nephrology, Arterial Hypertension, Dialysis and Transplantation, University Hospital Center Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Ivana Vuković Brinar
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.G.); (I.V.B.); (L.L.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Kristina Vrljičak
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Center Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.M.); (M.D.); (I.K.); (S.G.); (K.V.)
| | - Lovro Lamot
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.G.); (I.V.B.); (L.L.)
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Center Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.M.); (M.D.); (I.K.); (S.G.); (K.V.)
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Baz-Redón N, Sánchez-Bellver L, Fernández-Cancio M, Rovira-Amigo S, Burgoyne T, Ranjit R, Aquino V, Toro-Barrios N, Carmona R, Polverino E, Cols M, Moreno-Galdó A, Camats-Tarruella N, Marfany G. Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia and Retinitis Pigmentosa: Novel RPGR Variant and Possible Modifier Gene. Cells 2024; 13:524. [PMID: 38534367 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
We report a novel RPGR missense variant co-segregated with a familial X-linked retinitis pigmentosa (XLRP) case. The brothers were hemizygous for this variant, but only the proband presented with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). Thus, we aimed to elucidate the role of the RPGR variant and other modifier genes in the phenotypic variability observed in the family and its impact on motile cilia. The pathogenicity of the variant on the RPGR protein was evaluated by in vitro studies transiently transfecting the mutated RPGR gene, and immunofluorescence analysis on nasal brushing samples. Whole-exome sequencing was conducted to identify potential modifier variants. In vitro studies showed that the mutated RPGR protein could not localise to the cilium and impaired cilium formation. Accordingly, RPGR was abnormally distributed in the siblings' nasal brushing samples. In addition, a missense variant in CEP290 was identified. The concurrent RPGR variant influenced ciliary mislocalisation of the protein. We provide a comprehensive characterisation of motile cilia in this XLRP family, with only the proband presenting PCD symptoms. The variant's pathogenicity was confirmed, although it alone does not explain the respiratory symptoms. Finally, the CEP290 gene may be a potential modifier for respiratory symptoms in patients with RPGR mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Baz-Redón
- Growth and Development Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Sánchez-Bellver
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mónica Fernández-Cancio
- Growth and Development Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Rovira-Amigo
- Growth and Development Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Paediatrics, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thomas Burgoyne
- Royal Brompton Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6NP, UK
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Rai Ranjit
- Royal Brompton Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Virginia Aquino
- Plataforma Andaluza de Medicina Computacional, Fundación Pública Andaluza Progreso y Salud, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Noemí Toro-Barrios
- Plataforma Andaluza de Medicina Computacional, Fundación Pública Andaluza Progreso y Salud, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rosario Carmona
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Plataforma Andaluza de Medicina Computacional, Fundación Pública Andaluza Progreso y Salud, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Eva Polverino
- Pneumology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Pneumology Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Cols
- Paediatric Pulmonology Department and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Antonio Moreno-Galdó
- Growth and Development Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Paediatrics, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Paediatrics, Obstetrics, Gynecology, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Núria Camats-Tarruella
- Growth and Development Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Marfany
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB-IRSJD), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Wu Z, Chen H, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Wang Q, Augière C, Hou Y, Fu Y, Peng Y, Durand B, Wei Q. Cep131-Cep162 and Cby-Fam92 complexes cooperatively maintain Cep290 at the basal body and contribute to ciliogenesis initiation. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002330. [PMID: 38442096 PMCID: PMC10914257 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Cilia play critical roles in cell signal transduction and organ development. Defects in cilia function result in a variety of genetic disorders. Cep290 is an evolutionarily conserved ciliopathy protein that bridges the ciliary membrane and axoneme at the basal body (BB) and plays critical roles in the initiation of ciliogenesis and TZ assembly. How Cep290 is maintained at BB and whether axonemal and ciliary membrane localized cues converge to determine the localization of Cep290 remain unknown. Here, we report that the Cep131-Cep162 module near the axoneme and the Cby-Fam92 module close to the membrane synergistically control the BB localization of Cep290 and the subsequent initiation of ciliogenesis in Drosophila. Concurrent deletion of any protein of the Cep131-Cep162 module and of the Cby-Fam92 module leads to a complete loss of Cep290 from BB and blocks ciliogenesis at its initiation stage. Our results reveal that the first step of ciliogenesis strictly depends on cooperative and retroactive interactions between Cep131-Cep162, Cby-Fam92 and Cep290, which may contribute to the complex pathogenesis of Cep290-related ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimao Wu
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, China
| | - Huicheng Chen
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, China
| | - Yaru Wang
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qiaoling Wang
- Institute of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Céline Augière
- University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, MeLiS—UCBL—CNRS UMR 5284—INSERM U1314, Lyon, France
| | - Yanan Hou
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuejun Fu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ying Peng
- Institute of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bénédicte Durand
- University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, MeLiS—UCBL—CNRS UMR 5284—INSERM U1314, Lyon, France
| | - Qing Wei
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Shenzhen, China
- School of Synthetic Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticides, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
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8
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Xie S, Naslavsky N, Caplan S. Emerging insights into CP110 removal during early steps of ciliogenesis. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs261579. [PMID: 38415788 PMCID: PMC10941660 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The primary cilium is an antenna-like projection from the plasma membrane that serves as a sensor of the extracellular environment and a crucial signaling hub. Primary cilia are generated in most mammalian cells, and their physiological significance is highlighted by the large number of severe developmental disorders or ciliopathies that occur when primary ciliogenesis is impaired. Primary ciliogenesis is a tightly regulated process, and a central early regulatory step is the removal of a key mother centriole capping protein, CP110 (also known as CCP110). This uncapping allows vesicles docked on the distal appendages of the mother centriole to fuse to form a ciliary vesicle, which is bent into a ciliary sheath as the microtubule-based axoneme grows and extends from the mother centriole. When the mother centriole migrates toward the plasma membrane, the ciliary sheath fuses with the plasma membrane to form the primary cilium. In this Review, we outline key early steps of primary ciliogenesis, focusing on several novel mechanisms for removal of CP110. We also highlight examples of ciliopathies caused by genetic variants that encode key proteins involved in the early steps of ciliogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwei Xie
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Naava Naslavsky
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Steve Caplan
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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9
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Binder A, Kohl S, Grasshoff U, Schäferhoff K, Stingl K. An early onset cone dystrophy due to CEP290 mutation: a case report. Doc Ophthalmol 2023; 147:203-209. [PMID: 37642804 PMCID: PMC10638109 DOI: 10.1007/s10633-023-09940-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Biallelic mutations in the CEP290 gene cause early onset retinal dystrophy or syndromic disease such as Senior-Loken or Joubert syndrome. Here, we present an unusual non-syndromic case of a juvenile retinal dystrophy caused by biallelic CEP290 mutations imitating initially the phenotype of achromatopsia or slowly progressing cone dystrophy. METHODS We present 13 years of follow-up of a female patient who presented first with symptoms and findings typical for achromatopsia. The patient underwent functional and morphologic examinations, including fundus autofluorescence imaging, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, electroretinography, color vision and visual field testing. RESULTS Diagnostic genetic testing via whole genome sequencing and virtual inherited retinal disease gene panel evaluation finally identified two compound heterozygous variants c.4452_4455del;p.(Lys1484Asnfs*4) and c.2414T > C;p.(Leu805Pro) in the CEP290 gene. CONCLUSIONS CEP290 mutation causes a wide variety of clinical phenotypes. The presented case shows a phenotype resembling achromatopsia or early onset slowly progressing cone dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susanne Kohl
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ute Grasshoff
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Karin Schäferhoff
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katarina Stingl
- University Eye Hospital Tübingen, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- Center for Rare Eye Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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10
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Kruczek K, Swaroop A. Patient stem cell-derived in vitro disease models for developing novel therapies of retinal ciliopathies. Curr Top Dev Biol 2023; 155:127-163. [PMID: 38043950 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2023.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Primary cilia are specialized organelles on the surface of almost all cells in vertebrate tissues and are primarily involved in the detection of extracellular stimuli. In retinal photoreceptors, cilia are uniquely modified to form outer segments containing components required for the detection of light in stacks of membrane discs. Not surprisingly, vision impairment is a frequent phenotype associated with ciliopathies, a heterogeneous class of conditions caused by mutations in proteins required for formation, maintenance and/or function of primary cilia. Traditionally, immortalized cell lines and model organisms have been used to provide insights into the biology of ciliopathies. The advent of methods for reprogramming human somatic cells into pluripotent stem cells has enabled the generation of in vitro disease models directly from patients suffering from ciliopathies. Such models help us in investigating pathological mechanisms specific to human physiology and in developing novel therapeutic approaches. In this article, we review current protocols to differentiate human pluripotent stem cells into retinal cell types, and discuss how these cellular and/or organoid models can be utilized to interrogate pathobiology of ciliopathies affecting the retina and for testing prospective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Kruczek
- Neurobiology, Neurodegeneration and Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
| | - Anand Swaroop
- Neurobiology, Neurodegeneration and Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
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11
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Larson DR, Kimber AJ, Meyer KJ, Anderson MG. Anterior chamber depth in mice is controlled by several quantitative trait loci. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286897. [PMID: 37624784 PMCID: PMC10456175 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Anterior chamber depth (ACD) is a quantitative trait associated with primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG). Although ACD is highly heritable, known genetic variations explain a small fraction of the phenotypic variability. The purpose of this study was to identify additional ACD-influencing loci using strains of mice. Cohorts of 86 N2 and 111 F2 mice were generated from crosses between recombinant inbred BXD24/TyJ and wild-derived CAST/EiJ mice. Using anterior chamber optical coherence tomography, mice were phenotyped at 10-12 weeks of age, genotyped based on 93 genome-wide SNPs, and subjected to quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis. In an analysis of ACD among all mice, six loci passed the significance threshold of p = 0.05 and persisted after multiple regression analysis. These were on chromosomes 6, 7, 11, 12, 15 and 17 (named Acdq6, Acdq7, Acdq11, Acdq12, Acdq15, and Acdq17, respectively). Our findings demonstrate a quantitative multi-genic pattern of ACD inheritance in mice and identify six previously unrecognized ACD-influencing loci. We have taken a unique approach to studying the anterior chamber depth phenotype by using mice as genetic tool to examine this continuously distributed trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demelza R. Larson
- Department of Biology, College of Saint Benedict & Saint John’s University, Collegeville, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Allysa J. Kimber
- Department of Biology, College of Saint Benedict & Saint John’s University, Collegeville, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Kacie J. Meyer
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Michael G. Anderson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
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12
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Tian X, Zhao H, Zhou J. Organization, functions, and mechanisms of the BBSome in development, ciliopathies, and beyond. eLife 2023; 12:e87623. [PMID: 37466224 DOI: 10.7554/elife.87623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The BBSome is an octameric protein complex that regulates ciliary transport and signaling. Mutations in BBSome subunits are closely associated with ciliary defects and lead to ciliopathies, notably Bardet-Biedl syndrome. Over the past few years, there has been significant progress in elucidating the molecular organization and functions of the BBSome complex. An improved understanding of BBSome-mediated biological events and molecular mechanisms is expected to help advance the development of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for BBSome-related diseases. Here, we review the current literature on the structural assembly, transport regulation, and molecular functions of the BBSome, emphasizing its roles in cilium-related processes. We also provide perspectives on the pathological role of the BBSome in ciliopathies as well as how these can be exploited for therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Tian
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Huijie Zhao
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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Corral-Serrano JC, Sladen PE, Ottaviani D, Rezek OF, Athanasiou D, Jovanovic K, van der Spuy J, Mansfield BC, Cheetham ME. Eupatilin Improves Cilia Defects in Human CEP290 Ciliopathy Models. Cells 2023; 12:1575. [PMID: 37371046 PMCID: PMC10297203 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The photoreceptor outer segment is a highly specialized primary cilium that is essential for phototransduction and vision. Biallelic pathogenic variants in the cilia-associated gene CEP290 cause non-syndromic Leber congenital amaurosis 10 (LCA10) and syndromic diseases, where the retina is also affected. While RNA antisense oligonucleotides and gene editing are potential treatment options for the common deep intronic variant c.2991+1655A>G in CEP290, there is a need for variant-independent approaches that could be applied to a broader spectrum of ciliopathies. Here, we generated several distinct human models of CEP290-related retinal disease and investigated the effects of the flavonoid eupatilin as a potential treatment. Eupatilin improved cilium formation and length in CEP290 LCA10 patient-derived fibroblasts, in gene-edited CEP290 knockout (CEP290 KO) RPE1 cells, and in both CEP290 LCA10 and CEP290 KO iPSCs-derived retinal organoids. Furthermore, eupatilin reduced rhodopsin retention in the outer nuclear layer of CEP290 LCA10 retinal organoids. Eupatilin altered gene transcription in retinal organoids by modulating the expression of rhodopsin and by targeting cilia and synaptic plasticity pathways. This work sheds light on the mechanism of action of eupatilin and supports its potential as a variant-independent approach for CEP290-associated ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul E. Sladen
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK; (P.E.S.); (D.O.)
| | - Daniele Ottaviani
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK; (P.E.S.); (D.O.)
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, 35122 Padova PD, Italy
| | - Olivia F. Rezek
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK; (P.E.S.); (D.O.)
| | - Dimitra Athanasiou
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK; (P.E.S.); (D.O.)
| | - Katarina Jovanovic
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK; (P.E.S.); (D.O.)
| | | | - Brian C. Mansfield
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6710B, Rockledge Drive, Montgomery County, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael E. Cheetham
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK; (P.E.S.); (D.O.)
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Grabinski SE, Parsana D, Perkins BD. Comparative analysis of transcriptional changes in zebrafish cep290 and bbs2 mutants by RNA-seq reveals upregulation of inflammatory and stress-related pathways. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1148840. [PMID: 37293546 PMCID: PMC10244513 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1148840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute injury to the adult zebrafish retina triggers the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors that stimulate multiple gene regulatory networks, which ultimately stimulate Müller glia to proliferate and regenerate neurons. In contrast, zebrafish carrying mutations in cep290 or bbs2 undergo progressive loss of cone photoreceptors and exhibit signs of microglia activation and inflammation, but the mutants fail to stimulate a regeneration response. To identify transcriptional changes that occur in zebrafish mutants undergoing progressive photoreceptor degeneration, RNA-seq transcriptional profiling was performed on cep290-/- and bbs2-/- retinas. The PANTHER Classification System was used to identify biological processes and signaling pathways that were differentially expressed between mutants and wild-type siblings during degeneration. As expected, genes associated with phototransduction were downregulated in cep290 and bbs2 mutants compared to wild-type siblings. Although both cep290 and bbs2 mutants undergo proliferation of rod precursors in response to retinal degeneration, the process of negatively regulating proliferation is enriched for upregulated genes, and this negative regulation may restrict proliferation of Müller glia and inhibit regeneration. A total of 815 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were shared by cep290 and bbs2 retinas. Genes in pathways associated with inflammation, apoptosis, stress response, and PDGF signaling were overrepresented. Identifying the genes and biological pathways that are common in zebrafish models of inherited retinal degeneration provides a foundation for future studies on the mechanisms that regulate cell death as well as processes that prohibit Müller cell reprogramming or proliferation in a model capable of retinal regeneration. The pathways will provide targets for future interventions that may promote successful regeneration of lost photoreceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Grabinski
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Dhwani Parsana
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Brian D. Perkins
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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Zobor D, Brühwiler B, Zrenner E, Weisschuh N, Kohl S. Genetic and Clinical Profile of Retinopathies Due to Disease-Causing Variants in Leber Congenital Amaurosis (LCA)-Associated Genes in a Large German Cohort. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108915. [PMID: 37240262 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
To report the spectrum of Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) associated genes in a large German cohort and to delineate their associated phenotype. Local databases were screened for patients with a clinical diagnosis of LCA and for patients with disease-causing variants in known LCA-associated genes independent of their clinical diagnosis. Patients with a mere clinical diagnosis were invited for genetic testing. Genomic DNA was either analyzed in a diagnostic-genetic or research setup using various capture panels for syndromic and non-syndromic IRD (inherited retinal dystrophy) genes. Clinical data was obtained mainly retrospectively. Patients with genetic and phenotypic information were eventually included. Descriptive statistical data analysis was performed. A total of 105 patients (53 female, 52 male, age 3-76 years at the time of data collection) with disease-causing variants in 16 LCA-associated genes were included. The genetic spectrum displayed variants in the following genes: CEP290 (21%), CRB1 (21%), RPE65 (14%), RDH12 (13%), AIPL1 (6%), TULP1 (6%), and IQCB1 (5%), and few cases harbored pathogenic variants in LRAT, CABP4, NMNAT1, RPGRIP1, SPATA7, CRX, IFT140, LCA5, and RD3 (altogether accounting for 14%). The most common clinical diagnosis was LCA (53%, 56/105) followed by retinitis pigmentosa (RP, 40%, 42/105), but also other IRDs were seen (cone-rod dystrophy, 5%; congenital stationary night blindness, 2%). Among LCA patients, 50% were caused by variants in CEP290 (29%) and RPE65 (21%), whereas variants in other genes were much less frequent (CRB1 11%, AIPL1 11%, IQCB1 9%, and RDH12 7%, and sporadically LRAT, NMNAT1, CRX, RD3, and RPGRIP1). In general, the patients showed a severe phenotype hallmarked by severely reduced visual acuity, concentric narrowing of the visual field, and extinguished electroretinograms. However, there were also exceptional cases with best corrected visual acuity as high as 0.8 (Snellen), well-preserved visual fields, and preserved photoreceptors in spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Phenotypic variability was seen between and within genetic subgroups. The study we are presenting pertains to a considerable LCA group, furnishing valuable comprehension of the genetic and phenotypic spectrum. This knowledge holds significance for impending gene therapeutic trials. In this German cohort, CEP290 and CRB1 are the most frequently mutated genes. However, LCA is genetically highly heterogeneous and exhibits clinical variability, showing overlap with other IRDs. For any therapeutic gene intervention, the disease-causing genotype is the primary criterion for treatment access, but the clinical diagnosis, state of the retina, number of to be treated target cells, and the time point of treatment will be crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ditta Zobor
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn Strasse 7, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Britta Brühwiler
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn Strasse 7, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Eberhart Zrenner
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn Strasse 7, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Werner Reichardt Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nicole Weisschuh
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn Strasse 7, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Susanne Kohl
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn Strasse 7, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Corral-Serrano JC, Sladen PE, Ottaviani D, Rezek FO, Jovanovic K, Athanasiou D, van der Spuy J, Mansfield BC, Cheetham ME. Eupatilin improves cilia defects in human CEP290 ciliopathy models. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.12.536565. [PMID: 37205323 PMCID: PMC10187159 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.12.536565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The photoreceptor outer segment is a highly specialized primary cilium essential for phototransduction and vision. Biallelic pathogenic variants in the cilia-associated gene CEP290 cause non-syndromic Leber congenital amaurosis 10 (LCA10) and syndromic diseases, where the retina is also affected. While RNA antisense oligonucleotides and gene editing are potential treatment options for the common deep intronic variant c.2991+1655A>G in CEP290 , there is a need for variant-independent approaches that could be applied to a broader spectrum of ciliopathies. Here, we generated several distinct human models of CEP290 -related retinal disease and investigated the effects of the flavonoid eupatilin as a potential treatment. Eupatilin improved cilium formation and length in CEP290 LCA10 patient-derived fibroblasts, in gene-edited CEP290 knockout (CEP290 KO) RPE1 cells, and in both CEP290 LCA10 and CEP290 KO iPSCs-derived retinal organoids. Furthermore, eupatilin reduced rhodopsin retention in the outer nuclear layer of CEP290 LCA10 retinal organoids. Eupatilin altered gene transcription in retinal organoids, by modulating the expression of rhodopsin, and by targeting cilia and synaptic plasticity pathways. This work sheds light into the mechanism of action of eupatilin, and supports its potential as a variant-independent approach for CEP290 -associated ciliopathies. Abstract Figure
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Affiliation(s)
- JC Corral-Serrano
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL UK
| | - PE Sladen
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL UK
| | - D Ottaviani
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL UK
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - FO Rezek
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL UK
| | - K Jovanovic
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL UK
| | - D Athanasiou
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL UK
| | - J van der Spuy
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL UK
| | - BC Mansfield
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - ME Cheetham
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL UK
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Zhu T, Shen Y, Sun Z, Han X, Wei X, Li W, Lu C, Cheng T, Zou X, Li H, Cao Z, Gao H, Ma X, Luo M, Sui R. Clinical and Molecular Features of a Chinese Cohort With Syndromic and Nonsyndromic Retinal Dystrophies Related to the CEP290 Gene. Am J Ophthalmol 2023; 248:96-106. [PMID: 36493848 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2022.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To reveal the clinical and genetic features of 54 Chinese pedigrees with syndromic or nonsyndromic retinal dystrophies related to CEP290 and to explore the genotype-phenotype correlation. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. METHODS Patients diagnosed with nonsyndromic inherited retinal dystrophy (IRD) or syndromic ciliopathy (SCP) were enrolled. We identified 61 patients from 54 families carrying biallelic pathogenic CEP290 variants using next-generation sequencing, Sanger sequencing, and co-segregation validation. Genotype-phenotype correlation was evaluated. RESULTS This study included 37 IRD patients from 32 families and 24 patients with SCP from 22 pedigrees. Four retinal dystrophy phenotypes were confirmed: Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA, 46/61), early-onset severe retinal dystrophy (EOSRD, 4/61), retinitis pigmentosa (RP, 10/61), and cone-rod dystrophy (CORD, 1/61). The SCP phenotypes included Joubert syndrome (JS) (23/24) and Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) (1/24). We detected 73 different CEP290 variants, of which 33 (45.2%) were not previously reported. Two novel copy number variations (CNVs) and 1 novel pathogenic synonymous change were identified. The most recurrent alterations in the IRD and SCP were p.Q123* (6/64, 9.4%) and p.I556Ffs*17 (10/44, 22.7%), respectively. IRD patients carried more stop-gain alleles (25/64, 39.1%), whereas SCP patients carried more frameshift alleles (23/44, 52.3%). CONCLUSIONS LCA was the most common retinal dystrophy phenotype, and JS was the most prevalent syndrome in CEP290 patients; RP/CORD and BBS may be present in early adulthood. The hot spot variants and distribution of genotypes were distinct between IRD and SCP. Our study expands the CEP290 variant spectrum and enhances the current knowledge of CEP290 heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Zhu
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (T.Z., Z.S., X.H., X.W., W.L., X.Z., H.L., R.S.)
| | - Yue Shen
- and National Human Genetic Resources Center, National Research Institute for Family Planning (Y.S., C.L., T.C., Z.C., H.G., X.M., M.L.), Beijing, China
| | - Zixi Sun
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (T.Z., Z.S., X.H., X.W., W.L., X.Z., H.L., R.S.)
| | - Xiaoxu Han
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (T.Z., Z.S., X.H., X.W., W.L., X.Z., H.L., R.S.)
| | - Xing Wei
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (T.Z., Z.S., X.H., X.W., W.L., X.Z., H.L., R.S.)
| | - Wuyi Li
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (T.Z., Z.S., X.H., X.W., W.L., X.Z., H.L., R.S.)
| | - Chao Lu
- and National Human Genetic Resources Center, National Research Institute for Family Planning (Y.S., C.L., T.C., Z.C., H.G., X.M., M.L.), Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Cheng
- and National Human Genetic Resources Center, National Research Institute for Family Planning (Y.S., C.L., T.C., Z.C., H.G., X.M., M.L.), Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Zou
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (T.Z., Z.S., X.H., X.W., W.L., X.Z., H.L., R.S.)
| | - Hui Li
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (T.Z., Z.S., X.H., X.W., W.L., X.Z., H.L., R.S.)
| | - Zongfu Cao
- and National Human Genetic Resources Center, National Research Institute for Family Planning (Y.S., C.L., T.C., Z.C., H.G., X.M., M.L.), Beijing, China
| | - Huafang Gao
- and National Human Genetic Resources Center, National Research Institute for Family Planning (Y.S., C.L., T.C., Z.C., H.G., X.M., M.L.), Beijing, China
| | - Xu Ma
- and National Human Genetic Resources Center, National Research Institute for Family Planning (Y.S., C.L., T.C., Z.C., H.G., X.M., M.L.), Beijing, China
| | - Minna Luo
- and National Human Genetic Resources Center, National Research Institute for Family Planning (Y.S., C.L., T.C., Z.C., H.G., X.M., M.L.), Beijing, China.
| | - Ruifang Sui
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (T.Z., Z.S., X.H., X.W., W.L., X.Z., H.L., R.S.).
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D’Antona L, Amato R, Brescia C, Rocca V, Colao E, Iuliano R, Blazer-Yost BL, Perrotti N. Kinase Inhibitors in Genetic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065276. [PMID: 36982349 PMCID: PMC10048847 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the years, several studies have shown that kinase-regulated signaling pathways are involved in the development of rare genetic diseases. The study of the mechanisms underlying the onset of these diseases has opened a possible way for the development of targeted therapies using particular kinase inhibitors. Some of these are currently used to treat other diseases, such as cancer. This review aims to describe the possibilities of using kinase inhibitors in genetic pathologies such as tuberous sclerosis, RASopathies, and ciliopathies, describing the various pathways involved and the possible targets already identified or currently under study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia D’Antona
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” at Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Medical Genetics Unit, University Hospital “Mater Domini” at Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rosario Amato
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” at Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Medical Genetics Unit, University Hospital “Mater Domini” at Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Carolina Brescia
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” at Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Valentina Rocca
- Medical Genetics Unit, University Hospital “Mater Domini” at Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University “Magna Graecia” at Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Emma Colao
- Medical Genetics Unit, University Hospital “Mater Domini” at Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Iuliano
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” at Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Medical Genetics Unit, University Hospital “Mater Domini” at Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Bonnie L. Blazer-Yost
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Nicola Perrotti
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” at Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Medical Genetics Unit, University Hospital “Mater Domini” at Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Correspondence:
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19
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Ben Yacoub T, Wohlschlegel J, Sahel JA, Zeitz C, Audo I. [CRISPR/Cas9: From research to therapeutic application]. J Fr Ophtalmol 2023; 46:398-407. [PMID: 36759244 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2022.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
For several decades, genome engineering has raised interest among many researchers and physicians in the study of genetic disorders and their treatments. Compared to its predecessors, zinc-finger nucleases (ZFN) and transcription activator-like effectors (TALEN), clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR/Cas9) is currently the most efficient molecular tool for genome editing. This system, originally identified as a bacterial adaptive immune system, is capable of cutting and modifying any gene of a large number of living organisms. Numerous trials using this technology are being developed to provide effective treatment for several diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular and ophthalmic disorders. In research, this technology is increasingly used for genetic disease modelling, providing meaningful models of relevant studies as well as a better understanding of underlying pathological mechanisms. Many molecular tools are now available to put this technique into practice in laboratories, and despite the technical and ethical issues raised by manipulation of the genome, CRIPSR/Cas9 offers a new breath of hope for therapeutic research around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ben Yacoub
- Sorbonne université, Inserm, CNRS, institut de la Vision, 75012 Paris, France.
| | - J Wohlschlegel
- Sorbonne université, Inserm, CNRS, institut de la Vision, 75012 Paris, France
| | - J-A Sahel
- Sorbonne université, Inserm, CNRS, institut de la Vision, 75012 Paris, France; CHNO des Quinze-Vingts, Inserm-DGOS CIC 1423, 75012 Paris, France; Department of ophthalmology, fondation ophtalmologique Adolphe De Rothschild, 75019 Paris, France; Department of ophthalmology, the university of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh PA 15213, United States; Académie des sciences, institut de France, 75006 Paris, France
| | - C Zeitz
- Sorbonne université, Inserm, CNRS, institut de la Vision, 75012 Paris, France
| | - I Audo
- Sorbonne université, Inserm, CNRS, institut de la Vision, 75012 Paris, France; CHNO des Quinze-Vingts, Inserm-DGOS CIC 1423, 75012 Paris, France; Institute of ophthalmology, university College of London, London EC1V 9EL, United Kingdom
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20
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Minella AL, Narfström Wiechel K, Petersen-Jones SM. Alternative splicing in CEP290 mutant cats results in a milder phenotype than LCA CEP290 patients. Vet Ophthalmol 2023; 26:4-11. [PMID: 36495011 PMCID: PMC10107307 DOI: 10.1111/vop.13052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The rdAc cat has an intronic mutation in the centrosomal 290 kDa (CEP290) gene resulting in a frameshift and a premature stop codon (c.6960 + 9 T > G, p.Ile2321AlafsTer3) predicted to truncate the protein by 157 amino acids. CEP290 mutations in human patients cause a range or phenotypes including syndromic conditions and severe childhood loss of vision while the rdAc cat has a milder phenotype. We sought to further characterize the effect of rdAc mutation on CEP290 expression. METHODS TaqMan quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assays were used to compare wildtype and truncated transcript levels. Relative protein abundance was analyzed by Western blot. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to detect CEP290 protein. RESULTS CEP290 mutant cats show low-level (17.4% of wildtype cats) use of the wildtype splice site and usage of the mutant splice site. Western analysis shows retina from cats homozygous for the mutation has CEP290 protein that likely comprises a combination of both wildtype and truncated protein. IHC detects CEP290 in affected and control retina labeling the region of the interconnecting cilium. CONCLUSIONS The comparably milder phenotype of CEP290 mutant cats is likely due to the retained production of some full-length CEP290 protein with possible functional contributions from presence of truncated protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L Minella
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Kristina Narfström Wiechel
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Mssouri, USA
| | - Simon M Petersen-Jones
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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21
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The challenge of dissecting gene function in model organisms: Tools to characterize genetic mutants and assess transcriptional adaptation in zebrafish. Methods Cell Biol 2023; 176:1-25. [PMID: 37164532 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2022.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Genome editing technologies including the CRISPR/Cas9 system have greatly improved our knowledge of gene function and biological processes, however, these approaches have also brought new challenges to determining genotype-phenotype correlations. In this chapter, we briefly review gene-editing technologies used in zebrafish and discuss the differences in phenotypes that can arise when gene expression is inhibited by anti-sense or by gene editing techniques. We outline possible explanations for why knockout phenotypes are milder, tissue-restricted, or even absent, compared with severe knockdown phenotypes. One proposed explanation is transcriptional adaptation, a form of genetic robustness that is induced by deleterious mutations but not gene knockdowns. Although much is unknown about what triggers this process, its relevance in shaping genome expression has been shown in multiple animal models. We recently explored if transcriptional adaptation could explain genotype-phenotype discrepancies seen between two zebrafish models of the centrosomal protein Cep290 deficiency. We compared cilia-related phenotypes in knockdown (anti-sense) and knockout (mutation) Cep290 models and showed that only cep290 gene mutation induces the upregulation of genes encoding the cilia-associated small GTPases Arl3, Arl13b, and Unc119b. Importantly, the ectopic expression of Arl3, Arl13b, and Unc119b in cep290 morphant zebrafish embryos rescued cilia defects. Here we provide protocols and experimental approaches that can be used to explore if transcriptional adaptation may be modulating gene expression in a zebrafish ciliary mutant model.
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22
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Vintschger E, Kraemer D, Joset P, Horn AHC, Rauch A, Sticht H, Bachmann-Gagescu R. Challenges for the implementation of next generation sequencing-based expanded carrier screening: Lessons learned from the ciliopathies. Eur J Hum Genet 2022:10.1038/s41431-022-01267-8. [PMID: 36550190 PMCID: PMC10400553 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-022-01267-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Next generation sequencing (NGS) can detect carrier status for rare recessive disorders, informing couples about their reproductive risk. The recent ACMG recommendations support offering NGS-based carrier screening (NGS-CS) in an ethnic and population-neutral manner for all genes that have a carrier frequency >1/200 (based on GnomAD). To evaluate current challenges for NGS-CS, we focused on the ciliopathies, a well-studied group of rare recessive disorders. We analyzed 118 ciliopathy genes by whole exome sequencing in ~400 healthy local individuals and ~1000 individuals from the UK1958-birth cohort. We found 20% of healthy individuals (1% of couples) to be carriers of reportable variants in a ciliopathy gene, while 50% (4% of couples) carry variants of uncertain significance (VUS). This large proportion of VUS is partly explained by the limited utility of the ACMG/AMP variant-interpretation criteria in healthy individuals, where phenotypic match or segregation criteria cannot be used. Most missense variants are thus classified as VUS and not reported, which reduces the negative predictive value of the screening test. We show how gene-specific variation patterns and structural protein information can help prioritize variants most likely to be disease-causing, for (future) functional assays. Even when considering only strictly pathogenic variants, the observed carrier frequency is substantially higher than expected based on estimated disease prevalence, challenging the 1/200 carrier frequency cut-off proposed for choice of genes to screen. Given the challenges linked to variant interpretation in healthy individuals and the uncertainties about true carrier frequencies, genetic counseling must clearly disclose these limitations of NGS-CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella Vintschger
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Dennis Kraemer
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Joset
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anselm H C Horn
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054, Erlangen, Germany.,Praeclare Clinical Research Priority Program of the Medical Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anita Rauch
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Praeclare Clinical Research Priority Program of the Medical Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Heinrich Sticht
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ruxandra Bachmann-Gagescu
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland. .,Praeclare Clinical Research Priority Program of the Medical Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
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23
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Srivastava S, Manisha R, Dwivedi A, Agarwal H, Saxena D, Agrawal V, Mandal K. Meckel Gruber and Joubert Syndrome Diagnosed Prenatally: Allelism between the Two Ciliopathies, Complexities of Mutation Types and Digenic Inheritance. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2022; 41:1041-1051. [PMID: 34821546 DOI: 10.1080/15513815.2021.2007434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: Antenatally detected occipital encephalocele and polycystic kidneys are a common presentation of ciliopathies like Joubert syndrome and Meckel Gruber syndrome which have considerable genetic and phenotypic overlap. Case reports: We describe 3 cases of antenatally diagnosed occipital encephalocele and enlarged kidneys with fetal autopsy, histopathology & exome sequencing results. A novel nonsense variant in the CEP290 gene was reported in first case (Meckel syndrome). The second case shows the importance of fetal exome where the parents were carriers for 2 ciliopathy genes (TMEM138 & SDCCAG8). Diagnosis in this case was confirmed by fetal exome sequencing (Joubert syndrome). Multiexon deletion in TMEM67 and KIF14 present in trans was identified in the third case (Meckel syndrome), likely resulting in digenic inheritance. Conclusion: We report 2 cases of Meckel syndrome with a novel variant and multiexon deletion, and 1 case of Joubert syndrome which depicts the limitations of preconceptional carrier screening in ciliopathies due to overlapping phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somya Srivastava
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Science, Lucknow, India
| | - Rani Manisha
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Science, Lucknow, India
| | - Aradhana Dwivedi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Science, Lucknow, India
| | - Harshita Agarwal
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Science, Lucknow, India
| | - Deepti Saxena
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Science, Lucknow, India
| | - Vinita Agrawal
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Science, Lucknow, India
| | - Kausik Mandal
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Science, Lucknow, India
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24
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Huang LX, Lu XG, Liu JX, Xu L, Shang N, Guo L, OuYang YC. Case report and a brief review: Analysis and challenges of prenatal imaging phenotypes and genotypes in Joubert syndrome. Front Genet 2022; 13:1038274. [DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1038274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal imaging phenotypes and genotypes were analyzed in 13 cases prenatally diagnosed with Joubert syndrome (JS), all of which underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound, and genetic testing. Prenatal MRI diagnosed 10 cases as JS with a typical molar tooth sign (MTS), while prenatal ultrasound diagnosed or suspiciously diagnosed 11 cases as JS with typical or mild MTS in 10 cases. Mutations in JS-related genes and other prenatal JS imaging phenotypes were identified in 10 cases, including OFD1 in two cases [cerebellar vermis (CV) absence, posterior fossa dilation, ventriculomegaly, polydactyly, malformations of cortical development (MCD), and persistent left superior vena cava], TMEM67 in two cases (CV absence, polydactyly, hyperechoic kidneys or polycystic kidneys, posterior fossa dilation, and ventriculomegaly), CC2D2A in two cases (CV absence, polydactyly, MCD, agenesis of the corpus callosum, encephalocele and hydrocephalus, ventriculomegaly, and posterior fossa dilation), RPGRIP1L in one case (CV absence), TCTN3 in one case (CV absence, polydactyly, MCD, and posterior fossa dilation), CEP290 in one case (CV absence and polycystic kidney), and NPHP1 in one case (CV absence). The prenatal diagnosis of JS presents a number of challenges, including the variants of unknown significance, the lack of functional assessment in prenatal imaging, unclear phenotype–genotype relationships in prenatal evaluation, and the incorrect identification of the JS hallmark, the MTS, in prenatal imaging, especially on ultrasound. Although combined MRI, ultrasound, and exome sequencing could help improve the prenatal diagnosis of JS, there still exist significant challenges.
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25
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Kruczek K, Qu Z, Welby E, Shimada H, Hiriyanna S, English MA, Zein WM, Brooks BP, Swaroop A. In vitro modeling and rescue of ciliopathy associated with IQCB1/NPHP5 mutations using patient-derived cells. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:2172-2186. [PMID: 36084637 PMCID: PMC9561628 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the IQ calmodulin-binding motif containing B1 (IQCB1)/NPHP5 gene encoding the ciliary protein nephrocystin 5 cause early-onset blinding disease Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA), together with kidney dysfunction in Senior-Løken syndrome. For in vitro disease modeling, we obtained dermal fibroblasts from patients with NPHP5-LCA that were reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and differentiated into retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and retinal organoids. Patient fibroblasts and RPE demonstrated aberrantly elongated ciliary axonemes. Organoids revealed impaired development of outer segment structures, which are modified primary cilia, and mislocalization of visual pigments to photoreceptor cell soma. All patient-derived cells showed reduced levels of CEP290 protein, a critical cilia transition zone component interacting with NPHP5, providing a plausible mechanism for aberrant ciliary gating and cargo transport. Disease phenotype in NPHP5-LCA retinal organoids could be rescued by adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated IQCB1/NPHP5 gene augmentation therapy. Our studies thus establish a human disease model and a path for treatment of NPHP5-LCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Kruczek
- Neurobiology, Neurodegeneration & Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, MSC0610, 6 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zepeng Qu
- Neurobiology, Neurodegeneration & Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, MSC0610, 6 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Emily Welby
- Neurobiology, Neurodegeneration & Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, MSC0610, 6 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hiroko Shimada
- Neurobiology, Neurodegeneration & Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, MSC0610, 6 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Suja Hiriyanna
- Ocular Gene Therapy Core, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Milton A English
- Neurobiology, Neurodegeneration & Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, MSC0610, 6 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Wadih M Zein
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Brian P Brooks
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Anand Swaroop
- Neurobiology, Neurodegeneration & Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, MSC0610, 6 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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26
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Di Nora A, De Costa G, Di Mari A, Montemagno M, Pavone V, Pavone P. A New 12q21 Deletion Syndrome: A Case Report and Literature Review. Glob Med Genet 2022; 9:214-218. [PMID: 35873668 PMCID: PMC9303074 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1748171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Diagnosis in children with physical and intellective anomalies is very challenging because of the wide spectrum of causes. Array-based comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) has acquired an important role in pediatric diagnostic work up. Interstitial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 12 are rare. To date, deletions including the 12q21 region were reported in only 13 patients. The main features are development delay, eyes and central nervous system anomalies, and heart and kidney defects. We describe a 3-year-old boy with a de novo 15 Mb deletion at 12q21.1q21.32, never reported in the last cases. By screening the critical region and reviewing the literature, we identified SYT1, PPP1R12A, and CEP290 such as pathogenetic genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Di Nora
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Greta De Costa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Alessia Di Mari
- Department of Radiology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Marco Montemagno
- Department of General Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, Section of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Policlinico-San Marco, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Vito Pavone
- Department of General Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, Section of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Policlinico-San Marco, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Piero Pavone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, Hospital “Policlinico G. Rodolico,” Catania, Italy
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27
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Uda D, Kondo H, Tanda K, Kizaki Z, Nishida M, Dai H, Itoh M. Two Siblings Showing a Mild Phenotype of Joubert Syndrome with a Specific CEP290 Variant. Neuropediatrics 2022; 54:217-221. [PMID: 35642300 DOI: 10.1055/a-1865-6890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Joubert syndrome (JS) is a genetic neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by lower brainstem dysplasia and cerebellar vermis agenesis termed molar tooth sign (MTS), psychomotor retardation, abnormal respiratory pattern in infancy, and oculomotor abnormalities. Arima syndrome (AS), which is a severe form of JS, is characterized by severe psychomotor retardation, congenital visual impairment, progressive renal dysfunction, and lower brainstem dysplasia from early infancy. Numerous patients with AS expire in early childhood. Recently, c.6012-12T> A in the CEP290 gene was reported as a specific variant of AS. Herein, we report the cases of two siblings showing a phenotype of JS with compound heterozygous mutations (c.6012-12T > A / c.5924delT) in the CEP290 gene. The older sister (aged 19 years) had hypotonia, hypertelorism, and anteverted nares since birth. As a neonate, she developed a transient abnormal respiratory pattern and nystagmus, and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed MTS. The younger sister (aged 13 years) exhibited mild hypotonia and pendular nystagmus as a neonate; MRI revealed MTS. Both sisters had psychomotor retardation, oculomotor dysfunction, and bilateral renal cysts with normal renal function. They can walk and have simple conversation. They do not meet the diagnostic criteria for AS, and their symptoms were milder than those of previously reported cases with this specific mutation. This report indicates the expanding spectrum of the CEP290 variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Uda
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Japanese Red Cross Kyoto Daiichi Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hidehito Kondo
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Japanese Red Cross Kyoto Daiichi Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koichi Tanda
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Japanese Red Cross Kyoto Daiichi Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Zenro Kizaki
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Japanese Red Cross Kyoto Daiichi Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masashi Nishida
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Japanese Red Cross Kyoto Daiichi Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hongmei Dai
- Department of Mental Retardation and Birth Defect Research, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Itoh
- Department of Mental Retardation and Birth Defect Research, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
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28
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Mytlis A, Kumar V, Qiu T, Deis R, Hart N, Levy K, Masek M, Shawahny A, Ahmad A, Eitan H, Nather F, Adar-Levor S, Birnbaum RY, Elia N, Bachmann-Gagescu R, Roy S, Elkouby YM. Control of meiotic chromosomal bouquet and germ cell morphogenesis by the zygotene cilium. Science 2022; 376:eabh3104. [PMID: 35549308 DOI: 10.1126/science.abh3104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A hallmark of meiosis is chromosomal pairing, which requires telomere tethering and rotation on the nuclear envelope via microtubules, driving chromosome homology searches. Telomere pulling toward the centrosome forms the "zygotene chromosomal bouquet". Here, we identified the "zygotene cilium" in oocytes. This cilium provides a cable system for the bouquet machinery, extending throughout the germline cyst. Using zebrafish mutants and live manipulations, we demonstrate that the cilium anchors the centrosome to counterbalance telomere pulling. The cilium is essential for bouquet and synaptonemal complex formation, oogenesis, ovarian development, and fertility. Thus, a cilium represents a conserved player in zebrafish and mouse meiosis, which sheds light on reproductive aspects in ciliopathies, and suggests that cilia can control chromosomal dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avishag Mytlis
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem Faculty of Medicine, Ein-Kerem Campus, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel.,Institute for Medical Research-Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Ein-Kerem Campus, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Vineet Kumar
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem Faculty of Medicine, Ein-Kerem Campus, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel.,Institute for Medical Research-Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Ein-Kerem Campus, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Tao Qiu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Proteos, 138673 Singapore
| | - Rachael Deis
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem Faculty of Medicine, Ein-Kerem Campus, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel.,Institute for Medical Research-Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Ein-Kerem Campus, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Neta Hart
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem Faculty of Medicine, Ein-Kerem Campus, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel.,Institute for Medical Research-Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Ein-Kerem Campus, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Karine Levy
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem Faculty of Medicine, Ein-Kerem Campus, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel.,Institute for Medical Research-Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Ein-Kerem Campus, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Markus Masek
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Amal Shawahny
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem Faculty of Medicine, Ein-Kerem Campus, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel.,Institute for Medical Research-Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Ein-Kerem Campus, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Adam Ahmad
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem Faculty of Medicine, Ein-Kerem Campus, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel.,Institute for Medical Research-Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Ein-Kerem Campus, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Hagai Eitan
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem Faculty of Medicine, Ein-Kerem Campus, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel.,Institute for Medical Research-Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Ein-Kerem Campus, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Farouq Nather
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem Faculty of Medicine, Ein-Kerem Campus, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel.,Institute for Medical Research-Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Ein-Kerem Campus, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Shai Adar-Levor
- Departments of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Shave 84105, Israel
| | - Ramon Y Birnbaum
- Departments of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Shave 84105, Israel
| | - Natalie Elia
- Departments of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Shave 84105, Israel
| | - Ruxandra Bachmann-Gagescu
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Sudipto Roy
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Proteos, 138673 Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117543 Singapore.,Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119288 Singapore
| | - Yaniv M Elkouby
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem Faculty of Medicine, Ein-Kerem Campus, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel.,Institute for Medical Research-Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Ein-Kerem Campus, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
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29
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Peng M, Han S, Sun J, He X, Lv Y, Yang L. Evaluation of novel compound variants of CEP290 in prenatally suspected case of Meckel syndrome through whole exome sequencing. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2022; 10:e1935. [PMID: 35352487 PMCID: PMC9034663 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Meckel syndrome (MKS) is a fatal disease characterized by multisystem fibrosis during the prenatal or perinatal period. It has an autosomal recessive genetic pattern and is characterized by meningo occipital encephalocele, polycystic kidney dysplasia, polydactyly, and hepatobiliary ductal plate malformation. Germline variations in CEP290 have been shown to cause MKS4. Methods In this study, a 23‐year‐old Chinese woman who was 18 weeks pregnant was examined. The pregnancy was terminated due to occipital meningocele and enlarged cystic dysplastic kidney revealed by ultrasonography. In addition, the patient had a history of adverse pregnancy whereby the fetus presented with double kidney enlargement. Karyotype analysis and chromosomal microarray examination (CMA) were carried out using amniotic fluid samples. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed using tissue specimens of the aborted fetus. Results Karyotype and CMA analyses showed normal results. However, compound heterozygous mutations of CEP290 c.3175dup and CEP290 c.1201dup were detected through WES. CEP290 c.1201dup is a novel heterozygous mutation of CEP290 that has not been reported previously. Conclusions The findings of this study provide information on the correlation between MKS phenotype and genotype in CEP290. In addition, these findings indicate that WES is an effective method for detecting genetic causes of multiple structural defects especially those showing normal karyotype and CMA results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilian Peng
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Han
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Juan Sun
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong He
- Cancer Center, Department of Radiology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Yaer Lv
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Liwei Yang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
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30
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Cappuccio G, Brillante S, Tammaro R, Pinelli M, De Bernardi ML, Gensini MG, Bijlsma EK, Koopmann TT, Hoffer MJV, McDonald K, Hendon LG, Douzgou S, Deshpande C, D'Arrigo S, Torella A, Nigro V, Franco B, Brunetti-Pierri N. Biallelic variants in CENPF causing a phenotype distinct from Strømme syndrome. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS. PART C, SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2022; 190:102-108. [PMID: 35488810 PMCID: PMC9322429 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Biallelic loss-of-function (LoF) variants in CENPF gene are responsible for Strømme syndrome, a condition presenting with intestinal atresia, anterior ocular chamber anomalies, and microcephaly. Through an international collaboration, four individuals (three males and one female) carrying CENPF biallelic variants, including two missense variants in homozygous state and four LoF variants, were identified by exome sequencing. All individuals had variable degree of developmental delay/intellectual disability and microcephaly (ranging from -2.9 SDS to -5.6 SDS) and a recognizable pattern of dysmorphic facial features including inverted-V shaped interrupted eyebrows, epicanthal fold, depressed nasal bridge, and pointed chin. Although one of the cases had duodenal atresia, all four individuals did not have the combination of internal organ malformations of Strømme syndrome (intestinal atresia and anterior eye segment abnormalities). Immunofluorescence analysis on skin fibroblasts on one of the four cases with the antibody for ARL13B that decorates primary cilia revealed shorter primary cilia that are consistent with a ciliary defect. This case-series of individuals with biallelic CENPF variants suggests the spectrum of clinical manifestations of the disorder that may be related to CENPF variants is broad and can include phenotypes lacking the cardinal features of Strømme syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerarda Cappuccio
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Pediatrics, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.,Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Michele Pinelli
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Pediatrics, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.,Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Maria Grazia Gensini
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Pediatrics, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Emilia K Bijlsma
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tamara T Koopmann
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mariette J V Hoffer
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kimberly McDonald
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Laura G Hendon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Sofia Douzgou
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Stefano D'Arrigo
- Department of Pediatric Neuroscience, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Annalaura Torella
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Naples, Italy.,Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Nigro
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Naples, Italy.,Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
| | - Brunella Franco
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Pediatrics, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.,Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Naples, Italy.,Scuola Superiore Meridionale, School for Advanced Studies, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Brunetti-Pierri
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Pediatrics, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.,Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Naples, Italy.,Scuola Superiore Meridionale, School for Advanced Studies, Naples, Italy
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31
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Gana S, Serpieri V, Valente EM. Genotype-phenotype correlates in Joubert syndrome: A review. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS. PART C, SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2022; 190:72-88. [PMID: 35238134 PMCID: PMC9314610 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Joubert syndrome (JS) is a genetically heterogeneous primary ciliopathy characterized by a pathognomonic cerebellar and brainstem malformation, the “molar tooth sign,” and variable organ involvement. Over 40 causative genes have been identified to date, explaining up to 94% of cases. To date, gene‐phenotype correlates have been delineated only for a handful of genes, directly translating into improved counseling and clinical care. For instance, JS individuals harboring pathogenic variants in TMEM67 have a significantly higher risk of liver fibrosis, while pathogenic variants in NPHP1, RPGRIP1L, and TMEM237 are frequently associated to JS with renal involvement, requiring a closer monitoring of liver parameters, or renal functioning. On the other hand, individuals with causal variants in the CEP290 or AHI1 need a closer surveillance for retinal dystrophy and, in case of CEP290, also for chronic kidney disease. These examples highlight how an accurate description of the range of clinical symptoms associated with defects in each causative gene, including the rare ones, would better address prognosis and help guiding a personalized management. This review proposes to address this issue by assessing the available literature, to confirm known, as well as to propose rare gene‐phenotype correlates in JS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Gana
- Neurogenetics Research Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Enza Maria Valente
- Neurogenetics Research Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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32
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Rocha C, Prinos P. Post-transcriptional and Post-translational Modifications of Primary Cilia: How to Fine Tune Your Neuronal Antenna. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:809917. [PMID: 35295905 PMCID: PMC8918543 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.809917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia direct cellular signaling events during brain development and neuronal differentiation. The primary cilium is a dynamic organelle formed in a multistep process termed ciliogenesis that is tightly coordinated with the cell cycle. Genetic alterations, such as ciliary gene mutations, and epigenetic alterations, such as post-translational modifications and RNA processing of cilia related factors, give rise to human neuronal disorders and brain tumors such as glioblastoma and medulloblastoma. This review discusses the important role of genetics/epigenetics, as well as RNA processing and post-translational modifications in primary cilia function during brain development and cancer formation. We summarize mouse and human studies of ciliogenesis and primary cilia activity in the brain, and detail how cilia maintain neuronal progenitor populations and coordinate neuronal differentiation during development, as well as how cilia control different signaling pathways such as WNT, Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) and PDGF that are critical for neurogenesis. Moreover, we describe how post-translational modifications alter cilia formation and activity during development and carcinogenesis, and the impact of missplicing of ciliary genes leading to ciliopathies and cell cycle alterations. Finally, cilia genetic and epigenetic studies bring to light cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie neurodevelopmental disorders and brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Rocha
- Early Drug Discovery Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Cecilia Rocha,
| | - Panagiotis Prinos
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Panagiotis Prinos,
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33
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Vázquez-Domínguez I, Garanto A. Considerations for Generating Humanized Mouse Models to Test Efficacy of Antisense Oligonucleotides. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2022; 2434:267-279. [PMID: 35213024 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2010-6_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decades, animal models have become increasingly important in therapeutic drug development and assessment. The use of these models, mainly mice and rats, allow evaluating drugs in the real-organism environment and context. However, several molecular therapeutic approaches are sequence-dependent, and therefore, the humanization of such models is required to assess the efficacy. The generation of genetically modified humanized mouse models is often an expensive and laborious process that may not always recapitulate the human molecular and/or physiological phenotype. In this chapter, we summarize basic aspects to consider before designing and generating humanized models, especially when they are aimed to test antisense-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Vázquez-Domínguez
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Alejandro Garanto
- Department of Pediatrics, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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34
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I DV. [Joubert syndrome type 5 caused by a new compound heterozygous mutation in CEP290]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2022; 122:148-150. [PMID: 36537646 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2022122121148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Joubert syndrome (JS) is a recessive neurodegenerative disease characterized by hypotonia, ataxia, psychomotor delay, oculomotor and visual impairments. JS shows clinically variability and genetic heterogeneity. In this article, we report a case of a 14-year-old female patient with JS 5 type associated with a new compound-heterozygous mutation c.2991+1655A>G + c.6604delA (p.Ile2202fs) in CEP290. Clinical and genetic data of JS 5 type can be useful in the diagnosis of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- D V I
- Khabarovsk Center for the Development of Psychology and Childhood «Psylogia», Khabarovsk, Russia
- Far-East State Medical University, Khabarovsk, Russia
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35
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Barroso‐Gil M, Olinger E, Ramsbottom SA, Molinari E, Miles CG, Sayer JA. Update of genetic variants in CEP120 and CC2D2A-With an emphasis on genotype-phenotype correlations, tissue specific transcripts and exploring mutation specific exon skipping therapies. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2021; 9:e1603. [PMID: 33486889 PMCID: PMC8683696 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in ciliary genes cause a spectrum of both overlapping and distinct clinical syndromes (ciliopathies). CEP120 and CC2D2A are paradigmatic examples for this genetic heterogeneity and pleiotropy as mutations in both cause Joubert syndrome but are also associated with skeletal ciliopathies and Meckel syndrome, respectively. The molecular basis for this phenotypical variability is not understood but basal exon skipping likely contributes to tolerance for deleterious mutations via tissue-specific preservation of the amount of expressed functional protein. METHODS We systematically reviewed and annotated genetic variants and clinical presentations reported in CEP120- and CC2D2A-associated disease and we combined in silico and ex vivo approaches to study tissue-specific transcripts and identify molecular targets for exon skipping. RESULTS We confirmed more severe clinical presentations associated with truncating CC2D2A mutations. We identified and confirmed basal exon skipping in the kidney, with possible relevance for organ-specific disease manifestations. Finally, we proposed a multimodal approach to classify exons amenable to exon skipping. By mapping reported variants, 14 truncating mutations in 7 CC2D2A exons were identified as potentially rescuable by targeted exon skipping, an approach that is already in clinical use for other inherited human diseases. CONCLUSION Genotype-phenotype correlations for CC2D2A support the deleteriousness of null alleles and CC2D2A, but not CEP120, offers potential for therapeutic exon skipping approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Barroso‐Gil
- Translational and Clinical Research InstituteFaculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle Upon TyneUK
| | - Eric Olinger
- Translational and Clinical Research InstituteFaculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle Upon TyneUK
| | - Simon A. Ramsbottom
- Translational and Clinical Research InstituteFaculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle Upon TyneUK
| | - Elisa Molinari
- Translational and Clinical Research InstituteFaculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle Upon TyneUK
| | - Colin G. Miles
- Translational and Clinical Research InstituteFaculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle Upon TyneUK
| | - John A. Sayer
- Translational and Clinical Research InstituteFaculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle Upon TyneUK
- Renal ServicesThe Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustNewcastle Upon TyneUK
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research CentreNewcastle UniversityNewcastle Upon TyneUK
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36
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Mansour F, Boivin FJ, Shaheed IB, Schueler M, Schmidt-Ott KM. The Role of Centrosome Distal Appendage Proteins (DAPs) in Nephronophthisis and Ciliogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212253. [PMID: 34830133 PMCID: PMC8621283 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary cilium is found in most mammalian cells and plays a functional role in tissue homeostasis and organ development by modulating key signaling pathways. Ciliopathies are a group of genetically heterogeneous disorders resulting from defects in cilia development and function. Patients with ciliopathic disorders exhibit a range of phenotypes that include nephronophthisis (NPHP), a progressive tubulointerstitial kidney disease that commonly results in end-stage renal disease (ESRD). In recent years, distal appendages (DAPs), which radially project from the distal end of the mother centriole, have been shown to play a vital role in primary ciliary vesicle docking and the initiation of ciliogenesis. Mutations in the genes encoding these proteins can result in either a complete loss of the primary cilium, abnormal ciliary formation, or defective ciliary signaling. DAPs deficiency in humans or mice commonly results in NPHP. In this review, we outline recent advances in our understanding of the molecular functions of DAPs and how they participate in nephronophthisis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Mansour
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (F.M.); (F.J.B.)
- Molecular and Translational Kidney Research, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12613 Giza, Egypt;
| | - Felix J. Boivin
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (F.M.); (F.J.B.)
- Molecular and Translational Kidney Research, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Iman B. Shaheed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12613 Giza, Egypt;
| | - Markus Schueler
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (F.M.); (F.J.B.)
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (K.M.S.-O.)
| | - Kai M. Schmidt-Ott
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (F.M.); (F.J.B.)
- Molecular and Translational Kidney Research, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (K.M.S.-O.)
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37
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Potter VL, Moye AR, Robichaux MA, Wensel TG. Super-resolution microscopy reveals photoreceptor-specific subciliary location and function of ciliopathy-associated protein CEP290. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e145256. [PMID: 34520396 PMCID: PMC8564900 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.145256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the cilium-associated protein CEP290 cause retinal degeneration as part of multiorgan ciliopathies or as retina-specific diseases. The precise location and the functional roles of CEP290 within cilia and, specifically, the connecting cilia (CC) of photoreceptors, remain unclear. We used super-resolution fluorescence microscopy and electron microscopy to localize CEP290 in the CC and in the primary cilia of cultured cells with subdiffraction resolution and to determine effects of CEP290 deficiency in 3 mutant models. Radially, CEP290 localizes in close proximity to the microtubule doublets in the region between the doublets and the ciliary membrane. Longitudinally, it is distributed throughout the length of the CC whereas it is confined to the very base of primary cilia in human retinal pigment epithelium-1 cells. We found Y-shaped links, ciliary substructures between microtubules and membrane, throughout the length of the CC. Severe CEP290 deficiencies in mouse models did not prevent assembly of cilia or cause obvious mislocalization of ciliary components in early stages of degeneration. There were fewer cilia and no normal outer segments in the mutants, but the Y-shaped links were clearly present. These results point to photoreceptor-specific functions of CEP290 essential for CC maturation and stability following the earliest stages of ciliogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valencia L Potter
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.,Program in Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, and.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Abigail R Moye
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | - Michael A Robichaux
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.,Departments of Ophthalmology and Biochemistry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Theodore G Wensel
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
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38
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A Homozygous AKNA Frameshift Variant Is Associated with Microcephaly in a Pakistani Family. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12101494. [PMID: 34680889 PMCID: PMC8535656 DOI: 10.3390/genes12101494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary microcephaly (MCPH) is a prenatal condition of small brain size with a varying degree of intellectual disability. It is a heterogeneous genetic disorder with 28 associated genes reported so far. Most of these genes encode centrosomal proteins. Recently, AKNA was recognized as a novel centrosomal protein that regulates neurogenesis via microtubule organization, making AKNA a likely candidate gene for MCPH. Using linkage analysis and whole-exome sequencing, we found a frameshift variant in exon 12 of AKNA (NM_030767.4: c.2737delG) that cosegregates with microcephaly, mild intellectual disability and speech impairment in a consanguineous family from Pakistan. This variant is predicted to result in a protein with a truncated C-terminus (p.(Glu913Argfs*42)), which has been shown to be indispensable to AKNA’s localization to the centrosome and a normal brain development. Moreover, the amino acid sequence is altered from the beginning of the second of the two PEST domains, which are rich in proline (P), glutamic acid (E), serine (S), and threonine (T) and common to rapidly degraded proteins. An impaired function of the PEST domains may affect the intracellular half-life of the protein. Our genetic findings compellingly substantiate the predicted candidacy, based on its newly ascribed functional features, of the multifaceted protein AKNA for association with MCPH.
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39
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Speight P, Rozycki M, Venugopal S, Szászi K, Kofler M, Kapus A. Myocardin-related transcription factor and serum response factor regulate cilium turnover by both transcriptional and local mechanisms. iScience 2021; 24:102739. [PMID: 34278253 PMCID: PMC8261663 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Turnover of the primary cilium (PC) is critical for proliferation and tissue homeostasis. Each key component of the PC resorption machinery, the HEF1/Aurora kinase A (AurA)/HDAC6 pathway harbors cis-elements potentially targeted by the transcriptional co-activator myocardin-related transcription factor (MRTF) and/or its partner serum response factor (SRF). Thus we investigated if MRTF and/or SRF regulate PC turnover. Here we show that (1) both MRTF and SRF are indispensable for serum-induced PC resorption, and (2) they act via both transcriptional and local mechanisms. Intriguingly, MRTF and SRF are present in the basal body and/or the PC, and serum facilitates ciliary MRTF recruitment. MRTF promotes the stability and ciliary accumulation of AurA and facilitates SRF phosphorylation. Ciliary SRF interacts with AurA and HDAC6. MRTF also inhibits ciliogenesis. It interacts with and is required for the correct localization of the ciliogenesis modulator CEP290. Thus, MRTF and SRF are critical regulators of PC assembly and/or disassembly, acting both as transcription factors and as PC constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pam Speight
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Room 621, 209 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Matthew Rozycki
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Room 621, 209 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Shruthi Venugopal
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Room 621, 209 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Katalin Szászi
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Room 621, 209 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Michael Kofler
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Room 621, 209 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - András Kapus
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Room 621, 209 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
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40
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Cardenas-Rodriguez M, Austin-Tse C, Bergboer JGM, Molinari E, Sugano Y, Bachmann-Gagescu R, Sayer JA, Drummond IA. Genetic compensation for cilia defects in cep290 mutants by upregulation of cilia-associated small GTPases. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs258568. [PMID: 34155518 PMCID: PMC8325957 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in CEP290 (also known as NPHP6), a large multidomain coiled coil protein, are associated with multiple cilia-associated syndromes. Over 130 CEP290 mutations have been linked to a wide spectrum of human ciliopathies, raising the question of how mutations in a single gene cause different disease syndromes. In zebrafish, the expressivity of cep290 deficiencies were linked to the type of genetic ablation: acute cep290 morpholino knockdown caused severe cilia-related phenotypes, whereas deficiencies in a CRISPR/Cas9 genetic mutant were restricted to photoreceptor defects. Here, we show that milder phenotypes in genetic mutants were associated with the upregulation of genes encoding the cilia-associated small GTPases arl3, arl13b and unc119b. Upregulation of UNC119b was also observed in urine-derived renal epithelial cells from human Joubert syndrome CEP290 patients. Ectopic expression of arl3, arl13b and unc119b in cep290 morphant zebrafish embryos rescued Kupffer's vesicle cilia and partially rescued photoreceptor outer segment defects. The results suggest that genetic compensation by upregulation of genes involved in a common subcellular process, lipidated protein trafficking to cilia, may be a conserved mechanism contributing to genotype-phenotype variations observed in CEP290 deficiencies. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Cardenas-Rodriguez
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Christina Austin-Tse
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | - Elisa Molinari
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Yuya Sugano
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - John A. Sayer
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, UK
- Renal Services, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Freeman Road, Newcastle NE7 7DN, UK
| | - Iain A. Drummond
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Davis Center for Regenerative Biology and Aging, Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Salisbury Cove, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
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Ciliopathy genes are required for apical secretion of Cochlin, an otolith crystallization factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2102562118. [PMID: 34244442 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2102562118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we report that important regulators of cilia formation and ciliary compartment-directed protein transport function in secretion polarity. Mutations in cilia genes cep290 and bbs2, involved in human ciliopathies, affect apical secretion of Cochlin, a major otolith component and a determinant of calcium carbonate crystallization form. We show that Cochlin, defective in human auditory and vestibular disorder, DFNA9, is secreted from small specialized regions of vestibular system epithelia. Cells of these regions secrete Cochlin both apically into the ear lumen and basally into the basal lamina. Basally secreted Cochlin diffuses along the basal surface of vestibular epithelia, while apically secreted Cochlin is incorporated into the otolith. Mutations in a subset of ciliopathy genes lead to defects in Cochlin apical secretion, causing abnormal otolith crystallization and behavioral defects. This study reveals a class of ciliary proteins that are important for the polarity of secretion and delineate a secretory pathway that regulates biomineralization.
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Kumar V, Umair Z, Kumar S, Goutam RS, Park S, Kim J. The regulatory roles of motile cilia in CSF circulation and hydrocephalus. Fluids Barriers CNS 2021; 18:31. [PMID: 34233705 PMCID: PMC8261947 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-021-00265-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is an ultra-filtrated colorless brain fluid that circulates within brain spaces like the ventricular cavities, subarachnoid space, and the spine. Its continuous flow serves many primary functions, including nourishment, brain protection, and waste removal. Main body The abnormal accumulation of CSF in brain cavities triggers severe hydrocephalus. Accumulating evidence had indicated that synchronized beats of motile cilia (cilia from multiciliated cells or the ependymal lining in brain ventricles) provide forceful pressure to generate and restrain CSF flow and maintain overall CSF circulation within brain spaces. In humans, the disorders caused by defective primary and/or motile cilia are generally referred to as ciliopathies. The key role of CSF circulation in brain development and its functioning has not been fully elucidated. Conclusions In this review, we briefly discuss the underlying role of motile cilia in CSF circulation and hydrocephalus. We have reviewed cilia and ciliated cells in the brain and the existing evidence for the regulatory role of functional cilia in CSF circulation in the brain. We further discuss the findings obtained for defective cilia and their potential involvement in hydrocephalus. Furthermore, this review will reinforce the idea of motile cilia as master regulators of CSF movements, brain development, and neuronal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Gangwon-Do, Chuncheon, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Zobia Umair
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Gangwon-Do, Chuncheon, 24252, Republic of Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Shiv Kumar
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St. Andrews, St. Mary's Quad, South Street. St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9JP, UK
| | - Ravi Shankar Goutam
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Gangwon-Do, Chuncheon, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Soochul Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaebong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Gangwon-Do, Chuncheon, 24252, Republic of Korea.
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43
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Marquez J, Mann N, Arana K, Deniz E, Ji W, Konstantino M, Mis EK, Deshpande C, Jeffries L, McGlynn J, Hugo H, Widmeier E, Konrad M, Tasic V, Morotti R, Baptista J, Ellard S, Lakhani SA, Hildebrandt F, Khokha MK. DLG5 variants are associated with multiple congenital anomalies including ciliopathy phenotypes. J Med Genet 2021; 58:453-464. [PMID: 32631816 PMCID: PMC7785698 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2019-106805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cilia are dynamic cellular extensions that generate and sense signals to orchestrate proper development and tissue homeostasis. They rely on the underlying polarisation of cells to participate in signalling. Cilia dysfunction is a well-known cause of several diseases that affect multiple organ systems including the kidneys, brain, heart, respiratory tract, skeleton and retina. METHODS Among individuals from four unrelated families, we identified variants in discs large 5 (DLG5) that manifested in a variety of pathologies. In our proband, we also examined patient tissues. We depleted dlg5 in Xenopus tropicalis frog embryos to generate a loss-of-function model. Finally, we tested the pathogenicity of DLG5 patient variants through rescue experiments in the frog model. RESULTS Patients with variants of DLG5 were found to have a variety of phenotypes including cystic kidneys, nephrotic syndrome, hydrocephalus, limb abnormalities, congenital heart disease and craniofacial malformations. We also observed a loss of cilia in cystic kidney tissue of our proband. Knockdown of dlg5 in Xenopus embryos recapitulated many of these phenotypes and resulted in a loss of cilia in multiple tissues. Unlike introduction of wildtype DLG5 in frog embryos depleted of dlg5, introduction of DLG5 patient variants was largely ineffective in restoring proper ciliation and tissue morphology in the kidney and brain suggesting that the variants were indeed detrimental to function. CONCLUSION These findings in both patient tissues and Xenopus shed light on how mutations in DLG5 may lead to tissue-specific manifestations of disease. DLG5 is essential for cilia and many of the patient phenotypes are in the ciliopathy spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Marquez
- Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Nina Mann
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kathya Arana
- Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Engin Deniz
- Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Weizhen Ji
- Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Monica Konstantino
- Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Emily K Mis
- Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Lauren Jeffries
- Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Julie McGlynn
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Hannah Hugo
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eugen Widmeier
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Martin Konrad
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Velibor Tasic
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, University Children's Hospital, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Raffaella Morotti
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Julia Baptista
- Exeter Genomics Laboratory, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
- Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Science, College of Medicine and Health, Exeter, UK
| | - Sian Ellard
- Exeter Genomics Laboratory, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
- Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Science, College of Medicine and Health, Exeter, UK
| | - Saquib Ali Lakhani
- Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Friedhelm Hildebrandt
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mustafa K Khokha
- Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Testa F, Sodi A, Signorini S, Di Iorio V, Murro V, Brunetti-Pierri R, Valente EM, Karali M, Melillo P, Banfi S, Simonelli F. Spectrum of Disease Severity in Nonsyndromic Patients With Mutations in the CEP290 Gene: A Multicentric Longitudinal Study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:1. [PMID: 34196655 PMCID: PMC8267213 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.9.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to perform a detailed longitudinal phenotyping and genetic characterization of 32 Italian patients with a nonsyndromic retinal dystrophy and mutations in the CEP290 gene. Methods We reviewed the clinical history and examinations of 32 patients with a nonsyndromic retinal dystrophy due to mutations in the CEP290 gene, followed up (mean follow-up: 5.9 years) at 3 Italian centers. The clinical examinations included: best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and full-field electroretinogram (ERG). Results Patients (mean age = 19.0 ± 3.4 years) had a mean BCVA of 1.73 ± 0.20 logMAR. Longitudinal analysis of BCVA showed a nonsignificant decline. Central retinal thickness (CRT) declined significantly with age at an exponential rate of 1.0%/year (P = 0.001). At disease onset, most patients (19/32; 49.4%) had nystagmus. The absence of nystagmus was significantly associated with better BCVA and more preserved CRT (P < 0.05). ERG showed undetectable responses in most patients (64.0%), whereas reduced scotopic and photopic responses were observed in four patients (16.0%) who had no nystagmus. We identified 35 different variants, among which 12 were novel. Our genotype-phenotype correlation analysis shows a significantly worse BCVA in patients harboring a loss-of-function mutation and the deep-intronic variant c.2991+1655A>G. Conclusions Our study highlights a mild phenotype of the disease, characterized by absence of nystagmus, good visual acuity, considerably preserved retinal morphology, and recordable ERG, confirming the wide spectrum of CEP290-related retinal dystrophies. Finally, in our cohort, the deep intronic variant c.2991+1655A>G was associated with a more severe phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Testa
- Eye Clinic, Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Sodi
- Eye Clinic, Neuromuscolar and Sense Organs Department, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Sabrina Signorini
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, IRCCS C. Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Valentina Di Iorio
- Eye Clinic, Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Vittoria Murro
- Eye Clinic, Neuromuscolar and Sense Organs Department, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Raffaella Brunetti-Pierri
- Eye Clinic, Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Enza Maria Valente
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Neurogenetics Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Marianthi Karali
- Eye Clinic, Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.,Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Paolo Melillo
- Eye Clinic, Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Sandro Banfi
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy.,Medical Genetics, Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Simonelli
- Eye Clinic, Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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Zhang J, He X, Wu H, Zhang X, Yang S, Liu C, Liu S, Hua R, Zhou S, Zhao S, Hu F, Zhang J, Liu W, Cheng H, Gao Y, Zhang F, Cao Y, Liu M. Loss of DRC1 function leads to multiple morphological abnormalities of the sperm flagella and male infertility in human and mouse. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:1996-2011. [PMID: 34169321 PMCID: PMC8522639 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Motile cilia and flagellar defects can result in primary ciliary dyskinesia, which is a
multisystemic genetic disorder that affects roughly 1:10 000 individuals. The nexin-dynein
regulatory complex (N-DRC) links neighboring doublet microtubules within flagella, serving
as a central regulatory hub for motility in Chlamydomonas. Herein, we identified two
homozygous DRC1 variants in human patients that were associated with
multiple morphological abnormalities of the sperm flagella (MMAF) and male infertility.
Drc1−/−, Drc1R554X/R554X and
Drc1W244X/W244X mice on the C57BL/6 background suffered from
pre-pubertal mortality. However, when the ICR background was introduced, some of these
mice were able to survive and recapitulate the MMAF phenotypes detected in human patients.
By analyzing these animals, we determined that DRC1 is an essential regulator of N-DRC
assembly in cilia and flagella. When DRC1 is absent, this results in the shortening of
cilia and consequent impairment of their motility. Damage associated with DRC1 deficiency
in sperm flagella was more pronounced than in cilia, as manifested by complete axoneme
structural disorder in addition to the loss of the DRC structure. Altogether, these
findings suggest that DRC1 is required for the structural stability of flagella but not
cilia, emphasizing the key role of this protein in mammalian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Xiaojin He
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), Hefei 230032, China
| | - Huan Wu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Shenmin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215002, China
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering at School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Siyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Rong Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Shushu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Shuqin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Animal Core Facility of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Fan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Junqiang Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), Hefei 230032, China.,Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Wangjie Liu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering at School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Huiru Cheng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), Hefei 230032, China.,Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), Hefei 230032, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering at School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yunxia Cao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), Hefei 230032, China.,Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Mingxi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
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Turkyilmaz A, Geckinli BB, Alavanda C, Arslan Ates E, Buyukbayrak EE, Eren SF, Arman A. Meckel-Gruber Syndrome: Clinical and Molecular Genetic Profiles in Two Fetuses and Review of the Current Literature. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2021; 25:445-451. [PMID: 34096792 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2020.0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Meckel-Gruber syndrome (MKS; OMIM No. 249000) is a rare, in utero lethal disease characterized by occipital encephalocele, polycystic kidneys, and polydactyly. Methodology and Results: In this study, two fetuses diagnosed as having MKS in the prenatal period were evaluated on the basis of ultrasonographic findings, postmortem autopsy findings, and molecular genetic analyses. Using exome sequencing analyses a novel homozygous frameshift variant (NM_015631: c.530delA, p.Lys177Argfs*47) was detected at exon 4 of TCTN3 gene in case 1, and a novel homozygous synonymous variant (NM_025114: c.180G>A, p Lys60Lys) was detected at exon 3 of CEP290 gene in case 2. Case 1 is the first reported case in the literature, which showed the typical MKS clinical feature with a novel frameshift variation in the TCTN3 gene. The variant in case 2 is the first reported synonymous variant of CEP290 gene in the literature, which has been shown to affect splicing in a functional study at the RNA level. Conclusion: TCTN3 gene variants that were rarely associated with the typical MKS phenotype and all cases with these variations have been discussed in the context of genotype-phenotype. The detection of the first synonymous variant of CEP290 gene and the demonstration of its effect on splicing by a functional study are likely to contribute to the molecular etiology of MKS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayberk Turkyilmaz
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Bilgen Bilge Geckinli
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ceren Alavanda
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esra Arslan Ates
- Department of Medical Genetics, Marmara University Pendik Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Sirin Funda Eren
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Arman
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Datta P, Cribbs JT, Seo S. Differential requirement of NPHP1 for compartmentalized protein localization during photoreceptor outer segment development and maintenance. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246358. [PMID: 33961633 PMCID: PMC8104407 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nephrocystin (NPHP1) is a ciliary transition zone protein and its ablation causes nephronophthisis (NPHP) with partially penetrant retinal dystrophy. However, the precise requirements of NPHP1 in photoreceptors are not well understood. Here, we characterize retinal degeneration in a mouse model of NPHP1 and show that NPHP1 is required to prevent infiltration of inner segment plasma membrane proteins into the outer segment during the photoreceptor maturation. We demonstrate that Nphp1 gene-trap mutant mice, which were previously described as null, are likely hypomorphs due to the production of a small quantity of functional mRNAs derived from nonsense-associated altered splicing and skipping of two exons including the one harboring the gene-trap. In homozygous mutant animals, inner segment plasma membrane proteins such as syntaxin-3 (STX3), synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (SNAP25), and interphotoreceptor matrix proteoglycan 2 (IMPG2) accumulate in the outer segment when outer segments are actively elongating. This phenotype, however, is spontaneously ameliorated after the outer segment elongation is completed. Consistent with this, some photoreceptor cell loss (~30%) occurs during the photoreceptor maturation period but it stops afterward. We further show that Nphp1 genetically interacts with Cep290, another NPHP gene, and that a reduction of Cep290 gene dose results in retinal degeneration that continues until adulthood in Nphp1 mutant mice. These findings demonstrate that NPHP1 is required for the confinement of inner segment plasma membrane proteins during the outer segment development, but its requirement diminishes as photoreceptors mature. Our study also suggests that additional mutations in other NPHP genes may influence the penetrance of retinopathy in human NPHP1 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poppy Datta
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
- Institute for Vision Research, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - J. Thomas Cribbs
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
- Institute for Vision Research, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Seongjin Seo
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
- Institute for Vision Research, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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48
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Clinical exome sequencing facilitates the understanding of genetic heterogeneity in Leber congenital amaurosis patients with variable phenotype in southern India. EYE AND VISION 2021; 8:20. [PMID: 33957996 PMCID: PMC8101128 DOI: 10.1186/s40662-021-00243-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA), primarily characterized by retinal degeneration is the most severe form of inherited retinal dystrophy (IRD) responsible for congenital blindness. The presence of phenotypic heterogeneity makes the diagnosis of LCA challenging, especially in the absence of pronounced disease pathognomonic, yet it can be well comprehended by employing molecular diagnosis. Therefore, the present study aimed to reveal the causative mutations in ten LCA patients with variable phenotypes using clinical exome sequencing (CES). Methods CES was performed in ten unrelated LCA patients. Ophthalmic information and family history of all patients were obtained to make a meaningful interpretation. The clinical exome data was analyzed and prioritized using a bioinformatics pipeline to identify mutations, which was further validated by Sanger sequencing. Segregation analysis was also performed on available family members. Results CES led to the identification of causative mutations in nine LCA patients. Seven patients harbored a mutation in six LCA candidate genes, including RPE65, LCA5 (n = 2), CRX, PRPH2, CEP290, and ALMS1, while two patients possess a mutation in IFT80 and RP1, known to cause other diseases. Three novel mutations in LCA5 (c.1823del), CRX (c.848del) and CEP290 (c.2483G > T) were identified. The current study reports for the first time, a mutation in PRPH2, CEP290, and ALMS1 from the Indian population. Additionally, we observed a novel association of LCA phenotype with IFT80 known to cause Jeune syndrome. Based on the genetic finding, the patient AS09, who harbored a mutation in the RP1 gene, was re-diagnosed with early-onset retinitis pigmentosa. Conclusion In conclusion, the results underline the importance of CES in clinically diagnosed LCA patients with variable phenotypes. The correlation between mutations in candidate genes and clinical phenotypes, helps to refine the clinical diagnosis. However, molecular evaluation with a larger cohort of LCA patients is needed for better understanding of the mutational spectrum in southern India. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40662-021-00243-5.
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49
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He X, Urip BA, Zhang Z, Ngan CC, Feng B. Evolving AAV-delivered therapeutics towards ultimate cures. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:593-617. [PMID: 33594520 PMCID: PMC7885987 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-02034-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy has entered a new era after decades-long efforts, where the recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) has stood out as the most potent vector for in vivo gene transfer and demonstrated excellent efficacy and safety profiles in numerous preclinical and clinical studies. Since the first AAV-derived therapeutics Glybera was approved by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) in 2012, there is an increasing number of AAV-based gene augmentation therapies that have been developed and tested for treating incurable genetic diseases. In the subsequent years, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved two additional AAV gene therapy products, Luxturna and Zolgensma, to be launched into the market. Recent breakthroughs in genome editing tools and the combined use with AAV vectors have introduced new therapeutic modalities using somatic gene editing strategies. The promising outcomes from preclinical studies have prompted the continuous evolution of AAV-delivered therapeutics and broadened the scope of treatment options for untreatable diseases. Here, we describe the clinical updates of AAV gene therapies and the latest development using AAV to deliver the CRISPR components as gene editing therapeutics. We also discuss the major challenges and safety concerns associated with AAV delivery and CRISPR therapeutics, and highlight the recent achievement and toxicity issues reported from clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjun He
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine; Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (iTERM), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Brian Anugerah Urip
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine; Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (iTERM), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhenjie Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine; Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (iTERM), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chun Christopher Ngan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine; Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (iTERM), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shatin N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bo Feng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine; Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (iTERM), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shatin N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510320, China.
- Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
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Vilaplana F, Ros A, Garcia B, Blanco I, Castellanos E, Edwards NJ, Valldeperas X, Ruiz-Bilbao S, Sabala A. Clinical characteristics, imaging findings, and genetic results of a patient with CEP290-related cone-rod dystrophy. Ophthalmic Genet 2021; 42:474-479. [PMID: 33886416 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2021.1916827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the clinical characteristics, the imaging findings, and the genetic results of a patient with cone-rod dystrophy (CORD) related to mutations in CEP290. METHODS A case report of atypical CEP290-related CORD. Ophthalmological examination was performed, including best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), fundus photography, fundus autofluorescence (FAF) imaging, optical coherence tomography (OCT), a visual field test, and electroretinography testing. The genetic test was performed by next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based panel test containing 336 genes. RESULTS A 57-year-old female who had reported a visual loss for 5 years. BCVA was 20/100 in both eyes. The fundus examination revealed a hypopigmented halo around the fovea, showing a paracentral hyperautofluorescent ring on FAF. OCT demonstrated the presence of atrophy in the outer retinal layers. The genetic test identified the probably pathogenic variants c.4028delA and c.5254C>T in compound heterozygosis in CEP290. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report to present the clinical characteristics, imaging findings, and genetic test results of a patient with CEP290-related CORD. Our case contributes to expanding the clinical involvement of CEP290 pathogenic variants. This study indicates that CEP290-related CORD may have a mild phenotype with late-onset dystrophy, making these patients interesting candidates for innovative treatments such as genetic therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferran Vilaplana
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Ros
- Genetic Counseling Unit, Genetics Service, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Belen Garcia
- Genetic Counseling Unit, Genetics Service, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Blanco
- Genetic Counseling Unit, Genetics Service, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Castellanos
- Clinical Genomics Unit, Genetics Service, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain.,Hereditary Cancer Group, Germans Trias Research Institute, IGTP, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Xavier Valldeperas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Ruiz-Bilbao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Sabala
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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