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Kurzawa-Akanbi M, Tzoumas N, Corral-Serrano JC, Guarascio R, Steel DH, Cheetham ME, Armstrong L, Lako M. Pluripotent stem cell-derived models of retinal disease: Elucidating pathogenesis, evaluating novel treatments, and estimating toxicity. Prog Retin Eye Res 2024; 100:101248. [PMID: 38369182 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2024.101248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Blindness poses a growing global challenge, with approximately 26% of cases attributed to degenerative retinal diseases. While gene therapy, optogenetic tools, photosensitive switches, and retinal prostheses offer hope for vision restoration, these high-cost therapies will benefit few patients. Understanding retinal diseases is therefore key to advance effective treatments, requiring in vitro models replicating pathology and allowing quantitative assessments for drug discovery. Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) provide a unique solution given their limitless supply and ability to differentiate into light-responsive retinal tissues encompassing all cell types. This review focuses on the history and current state of photoreceptor and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell generation from PSCs. We explore the applications of this technology in disease modelling, experimental therapy testing, biomarker identification, and toxicity studies. We consider challenges in scalability, standardisation, and reproducibility, and stress the importance of incorporating vasculature and immune cells into retinal organoids. We advocate for high-throughput automation in data acquisition and analyses and underscore the value of advanced micro-physiological systems that fully capture the interactions between the neural retina, RPE, and choriocapillaris.
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Jayarajan RO, Chakraborty S, Raghu KG, Purushothaman J, Veleri S. Joubert syndrome causing mutation in C2 domain of CC2D2A affects structural integrity of cilia and cellular signaling molecules. Exp Brain Res 2024; 242:619-637. [PMID: 38231387 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-023-06762-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Cilia are organelles extend from cells to sense external signals for tuning intracellular signaling for optimal cellular functioning. They have evolved sensory and motor roles in various cells for tissue organization and homeostasis in development and post-development. More than a thousand genes are required for cilia function. Mutations in them cause multisystem disorders termed ciliopathies. The null mutations in CC2D2A result in Meckel syndrome (MKS), which is embryonic lethal, whereas patients who have missense mutations in the C2 domain of CC2D2A display Joubert syndrome (JBTS). They survive with blindness and mental retardation. How C2 domain defects cause disease conditions is not understood. To answer this question, C2 domain of Cc2d2a (mice gene) was knocked down (KD) in IMCD-3 cells by shRNA. This resulted in defective cilia morphology observed by immunofluorescence analysis. To further probe the cellular signaling alteration in affected cells, gene expression profiling was done by RNAseq and compared with the controls. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) have functions in cilia. Among the 61 cilia DEGs identified, 50 genes were downregulated and 11 genes were upregulated. These cilia genes are involved in cilium assembly, protein trafficking to the cilium, intraflagellar transport (IFT), cellular signaling like polarity patterning, and Hedgehog signaling pathway. This suggests that the C2 domain of CC2D2A plays a critical role in cilia assembly and molecular signaling hosted in cilia for cellular homeostasis. Taken together, the missense mutations in the C2 domain of CC2D2A seen in JBTS might have affected cilia-mediated signaling in neurons of the retina and brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roopasree O Jayarajan
- Agro-processing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695019, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Soura Chakraborty
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Kozhiparambil Gopalan Raghu
- Agro-processing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695019, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Jayamurthy Purushothaman
- Agro-processing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695019, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Shobi Veleri
- Drug Safety Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India, Hyderabad, 500007, India.
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Dubaic M, Peskova L, Hampl M, Weissova K, Celiker C, Shylo NA, Hruba E, Kavkova M, Zikmund T, Weatherbee SD, Kaiser J, Barta T, Buchtova M. Role of ciliopathy protein TMEM107 in eye development: insights from a mouse model and retinal organoid. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202302073. [PMID: 37863656 PMCID: PMC10589122 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are cellular surface projections enriched in receptors and signaling molecules, acting as signaling hubs that respond to stimuli. Malfunctions in primary cilia have been linked to human diseases, including retinopathies and ocular defects. Here, we focus on TMEM107, a protein localized to the transition zone of primary cilia. TMEM107 mutations were found in patients with Joubert and Meckel-Gruber syndromes. A mouse model lacking Tmem107 exhibited eye defects such as anophthalmia and microphthalmia, affecting retina differentiation. Tmem107 expression during prenatal mouse development correlated with phenotype occurrence, with enhanced expression in differentiating retina and optic stalk. TMEM107 deficiency in retinal organoids resulted in the loss of primary cilia, down-regulation of retina-specific genes, and cyst formation. Knocking out TMEM107 in human ARPE-19 cells prevented primary cilia formation and impaired response to Smoothened agonist treatment because of ectopic activation of the SHH pathway. Our data suggest TMEM107 plays a crucial role in early vertebrate eye development and ciliogenesis in the differentiating retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Dubaic
- Laboratory of Molecular Morphogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- https://ror.org/02j46qs45 Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Peskova
- https://ror.org/02j46qs45 Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Hampl
- Laboratory of Molecular Morphogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- https://ror.org/02j46qs45 Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kamila Weissova
- Laboratory of Molecular Morphogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- https://ror.org/02j46qs45 Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Canan Celiker
- https://ror.org/02j46qs45 Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Natalia A Shylo
- Department of Genetics, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Eva Hruba
- Laboratory of Molecular Morphogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Kavkova
- https://ror.org/03613d656 CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Zikmund
- https://ror.org/03613d656 CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Scott D Weatherbee
- Department of Genetics, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Biology Department, Fairfield University, Fairfield, CT, USA
| | - Jozef Kaiser
- https://ror.org/03613d656 CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Barta
- Laboratory of Molecular Morphogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- https://ror.org/02j46qs45 Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marcela Buchtova
- Laboratory of Molecular Morphogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- https://ror.org/02j46qs45 Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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Huang M, Lyu C, Liu N, Nembhard WN, Witte JS, Hobbs CA, Li M. A gene-based association test of interactions for maternal-fetal genotypes identifies genes associated with nonsyndromic congenital heart defects. Genet Epidemiol 2023; 47:475-495. [PMID: 37341229 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.22533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
The risk of congenital heart defects (CHDs) may be influenced by maternal genes, fetal genes, and their interactions. Existing methods commonly test the effects of maternal and fetal variants one-at-a-time and may have reduced statistical power to detect genetic variants with low minor allele frequencies. In this article, we propose a gene-based association test of interactions for maternal-fetal genotypes (GATI-MFG) using a case-mother and control-mother design. GATI-MFG can integrate the effects of multiple variants within a gene or genomic region and evaluate the joint effect of maternal and fetal genotypes while allowing for their interactions. In simulation studies, GATI-MFG had improved statistical power over alternative methods, such as the single-variant test and functional data analysis (FDA) under various disease scenarios. We further applied GATI-MFG to a two-phase genome-wide association study of CHDs for the testing of both common variants and rare variants using 947 CHD case mother-infant pairs and 1306 control mother-infant pairs from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS). After Bonferroni adjustment for 23,035 genes, two genes on chromosome 17, TMEM107 (p = 1.64e-06) and CTC1 (p = 2.0e-06), were identified for significant association with CHD in common variants analysis. Gene TMEM107 regulates ciliogenesis and ciliary protein composition and was found to be associated with heterotaxy. Gene CTC1 plays an essential role in protecting telomeres from degradation, which was suggested to be associated with cardiogenesis. Overall, GATI-MFG outperformed the single-variant test and FDA in the simulations, and the results of application to NBDPS samples are consistent with existing literature supporting the association of TMEM107 and CTC1 with CHDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manyan Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Chen Lyu
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Nianjun Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Wendy N Nembhard
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - John S Witte
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Charlotte A Hobbs
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
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Iturrate A, Rivera-Barahona A, Flores CL, Otaify GA, Elhossini R, Perez-Sanz ML, Nevado J, Tenorio-Castano J, Triviño JC, Garcia-Gonzalo FR, Piceci-Sparascio F, De Luca A, Martínez L, Kalaycı T, Lapunzina P, Altunoglu U, Aglan M, Abdalla E, Ruiz-Perez VL. Mutations in SCNM1 cause orofaciodigital syndrome due to minor intron splicing defects affecting primary cilia. Am J Hum Genet 2022; 109:1828-1849. [PMID: 36084634 PMCID: PMC9606384 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Orofaciodigital syndrome (OFD) is a genetically heterogeneous ciliopathy characterized by anomalies of the oral cavity, face, and digits. We describe individuals with OFD from three unrelated families having bi-allelic loss-of-function variants in SCNM1 as the cause of their condition. SCNM1 encodes a protein recently shown to be a component of the human minor spliceosome. However, so far the effect of loss of SCNM1 function on human cells had not been assessed. Using a comparative transcriptome analysis between fibroblasts derived from an OFD-affected individual harboring SCNM1 mutations and control fibroblasts, we identified a set of genes with defective minor intron (U12) processing in the fibroblasts of the affected subject. These results were reproduced in SCNM1 knockout hTERT RPE-1 (RPE-1) cells engineered by CRISPR-Cas9-mediated editing and in SCNM1 siRNA-treated RPE-1 cultures. Notably, expression of TMEM107 and FAM92A encoding primary cilia and basal body proteins, respectively, and that of DERL2, ZC3H8, and C17orf75, were severely reduced in SCNM1-deficient cells. Primary fibroblasts containing SCNM1 mutations, as well as SCNM1 knockout and SCNM1 knockdown RPE-1 cells, were also found with abnormally elongated cilia. Conversely, cilia length and expression of SCNM1-regulated genes were restored in SCNM1-deficient fibroblasts following reintroduction of SCNM1 via retroviral delivery. Additionally, functional analysis in SCNM1-retrotransduced fibroblasts showed that SCNM1 is a positive mediator of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling. Our findings demonstrate that defective U12 intron splicing can lead to a typical ciliopathy such as OFD and reveal that primary cilia length and Hh signaling are regulated by the minor spliceosome through SCNM1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asier Iturrate
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Rivera-Barahona
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain,CIBER de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen-Lisset Flores
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ghada A. Otaify
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics and Genome Research, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rasha Elhossini
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics and Genome Research, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marina L. Perez-Sanz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Julián Nevado
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain,Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM), Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, ITHACA-ERN, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jair Tenorio-Castano
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain,Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM), Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, ITHACA-ERN, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Francesc R. Garcia-Gonzalo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain,CIBER de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain,Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain,Área de Cáncer y Genética Molecular Humana, Instituto de Investigaciones del Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesca Piceci-Sparascio
- Medical Genetics Division, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy,Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro De Luca
- Medical Genetics Division, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Leopoldo Martínez
- Departamento de Cirugía Pediátrica. Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, ITHACA-ERN, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Tugba Kalaycı
- Medical Genetics Department, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34093, Turkey
| | - Pablo Lapunzina
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain,Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM), Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, ITHACA-ERN, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Umut Altunoglu
- Medical Genetics Department, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Mona Aglan
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics and Genome Research, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ebtesam Abdalla
- Department of Human Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt,Genetics Department, Armed Forces College of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Victor L. Ruiz-Perez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain,CIBER de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain,Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM), Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, ITHACA-ERN, 28046 Madrid, Spain,Corresponding author
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Additional findings of tibial dysplasia in a male with orofaciodigital syndrome type XVI. Hum Genome Var 2022; 9:9. [PMID: 35361766 PMCID: PMC8971417 DOI: 10.1038/s41439-022-00187-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe the case of a male patient with orofaciodigital (OFD) syndrome type XVI with a homozygous variant of TMEM107 (p.Phe106del) and the additional findings of tibial dysplasia, which is a pivotal finding of OFD syndrome type IV. His family history included two fetuses with anencephaly with or without cleft lip/palate and polydactyly with no genetic information. Careful attention should be given to the interpretation of this rare pattern.
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Gana S, Serpieri V, Valente EM. Genotype-phenotype correlates in Joubert syndrome: A review. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS. PART C, SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2022; 190:72-88. [PMID: 35238134 PMCID: PMC9314610 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Joubert syndrome (JS) is a genetically heterogeneous primary ciliopathy characterized by a pathognomonic cerebellar and brainstem malformation, the “molar tooth sign,” and variable organ involvement. Over 40 causative genes have been identified to date, explaining up to 94% of cases. To date, gene‐phenotype correlates have been delineated only for a handful of genes, directly translating into improved counseling and clinical care. For instance, JS individuals harboring pathogenic variants in TMEM67 have a significantly higher risk of liver fibrosis, while pathogenic variants in NPHP1, RPGRIP1L, and TMEM237 are frequently associated to JS with renal involvement, requiring a closer monitoring of liver parameters, or renal functioning. On the other hand, individuals with causal variants in the CEP290 or AHI1 need a closer surveillance for retinal dystrophy and, in case of CEP290, also for chronic kidney disease. These examples highlight how an accurate description of the range of clinical symptoms associated with defects in each causative gene, including the rare ones, would better address prognosis and help guiding a personalized management. This review proposes to address this issue by assessing the available literature, to confirm known, as well as to propose rare gene‐phenotype correlates in JS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Gana
- Neurogenetics Research Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Enza Maria Valente
- Neurogenetics Research Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Xu H, Dun S, Gao Y, Ming J, Hui L, Qiu X. TMEM107 inhibits EMT and invasion of NSCLC through regulating the Hedgehog pathway. Thorac Cancer 2020; 12:79-89. [PMID: 33124203 PMCID: PMC7779196 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Transmembrane protein 107 (TMEM107) is a key regulator of the cilium composition and Hedgehog signaling. Lower TMEM107 gene copies are correlated with poor prognosis in non‐small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). However, TMEM107 protein expression, localization, and function in NSCLC remain unclear. Methods We first evaluated TMEM107 expression in 12 newly diagnosed cases of NSCLC and paired adjacent healthy tissues by western blotting. We then used an immunohistochemical method to detect TMEM107 expression in 106 paraffin‐embedded NSCLC and corresponding normal samples and analyzed its relationship with clinicopathological parameters. Moreover, we determined the impact of TMEM107 upregulation and downregulation on invasion, EMT and Hedgehog pathway in NSCLC cells. Results Our results showed that TMEM107 is localized in the cytoplasm and that its expression was lower in NSCLC. TMEM107 expression was positively correlated with cell differentiation and negatively correlated with lymph node metastasis. In A549 and HCC460 cells, downregulation of TMEM107 facilitated cell invasion and upregulated the expression of the Hedgehog pathway target protein Gli1, invasion‐associated proteins N‐cadherin, vimentin, MMP2, and MMP9, and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), and inhibited the expression of E‐cadherin. Treatment with the Hedgehog pathway inhibitor GANT61 attenuated TMEM107‐knockdown–induced EMT and invasiveness. Conclusions These results indicate that TMEM107 inhibits EMT and invasion by negatively regulating Hedgehog signaling and that it is downregulated in NSCLC. Key points TMEM107 expression is lower in NSCLC tissues and correlates with poor prognosis TMEM107 inhibits invasion of NSCLC cells TMEM107 inhibits EMT of NSCLC cells Downregulation of TMEM107 activates the Hedgehog signaling pathway Downregulation of TMEM107 promotes EMT and migration in NSCLC by activating the Hedgehog signaling pathway
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Xu
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Pathology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Song Dun
- Health Team of PLA 96853, Shenyang, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Pathology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jian Ming
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Linping Hui
- Department of Pathology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xueshan Qiu
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Shylo NA, Emmanouil E, Ramrattan D, Weatherbee SD. Loss of ciliary transition zone protein TMEM107 leads to heterotaxy in mice. Dev Biol 2019; 460:187-199. [PMID: 31887266 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cilia in most vertebrate left-right organizers are involved in the original break in left-right (L-R) symmetry, however, less is known about their roles in subsequent steps of the cascade - relaying the signaling and maintaining the established asymmetry. Here we describe the L-R patterning cascades in two mutants of a ciliary transition zone protein TMEM107, revealing that near-complete loss of cilia in Tmem107null leads to left pulmonary isomerism due to the failure of the midline barrier. Contrary, partially retained cilia in the node and the midline of a hypomorphic Tmem107schlei mutant appear sufficient for the formation of the midline barrier and establishment and maintenance of the L-R asymmetry. Despite misregulation of Shh signaling in both mutants, the presence of normal Lefty1 expression and midline barrier formation in Tmem107schlei mutants, suggests a requirement for cilia, but not necessarily Shh signaling for Lefty1 expression and midline barrier formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia A Shylo
- Yale University, Genetics Department, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
| | - Elli Emmanouil
- Yale University, Genetics Department, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Dylan Ramrattan
- Yale University, Genetics Department, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Scott D Weatherbee
- Yale University, Genetics Department, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
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10
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Barba A, Urbina C, Maili L, Greives MR, Blackwell SJ, Mulliken JB, Chiquet B, Blanton SH, Hecht JT, Letra A. Association of IFT88 gene variants with nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate. Birth Defects Res 2019; 111:659-665. [PMID: 30953423 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCLP) is a common birth defect with multifactorial etiology. Genetic studies have identified numerous gene variants in association with NSCLP. IFT88 (intraflagellar transport 88) has been suggested to play a major role in craniofacial development, as Ift88 mutant mice exhibit cleft palate and mutations in IFT88 were identified in individuals with NSCLP. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of IFT88 single nucleotide gene variants (SNVs) with NSCLP in a large family data set consisting of non-Hispanic white (NHW) and Hispanic families. METHODS Nine SNVs in/nearby IFT88 were genotyped in 482 NHW families and 301 Hispanic NSCLP families. Genotyping was performed using TaqMan® chemistry. Single- and pairwise-SNV association analyses were performed for all families stratified by ethnicity and family history of NSCLP using the family-based association test (FBAT), and association in the presence of linkage (APL). Bonferroni correction was used to adjust for multiple testing and p values ≤.0055 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS Significant association was found between IFT88 rs9509311 and rs2497490 and NSCLP in NHW all families (p = .004 and .005, respectively), while nominal associations were found for rs7998361 and rs9509307 (p < .05). Pairwise association analyses also showed nominal associations between NSCLP in both NHW and Hispanic data sets (p < .05). No association was found between individual variants in IFT88 and NSCLP in Hispanics. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that variation in IFT88 may contribute to NSCLP risk, particularly in multiplex families from a non-Hispanic white population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Barba
- Center for Craniofacial Research, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Christian Urbina
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatrics Research Center, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Lorena Maili
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatrics Research Center, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Matthew R Greives
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Steven J Blackwell
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Shriners Hospital for Children, Houston, Texas
| | - John B Mulliken
- Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Brett Chiquet
- Center for Craniofacial Research, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas.,Department of Pediatrics, Pediatrics Research Center, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Susan H Blanton
- Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute of Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Jacqueline T Hecht
- Center for Craniofacial Research, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas.,Department of Pediatrics, Pediatrics Research Center, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Ariadne Letra
- Center for Craniofacial Research, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas.,Department of Pediatrics, Pediatrics Research Center, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas.,Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
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11
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Wang C, Li J, Takemaru KI, Jiang X, Xu G, Wang B. Centrosomal protein Dzip1l binds Cby, promotes ciliary bud formation, and acts redundantly with Bromi to regulate ciliogenesis in the mouse. Development 2018; 145:dev.164236. [PMID: 29487109 DOI: 10.1242/dev.164236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The primary cilium is a microtubule-based organelle required for Hedgehog (Hh) signaling and consists of a basal body, a ciliary axoneme and a compartment between the first two structures, called the transition zone (TZ). The TZ serves as a gatekeeper to control protein composition in cilia, but less is known about its role in ciliary bud formation. Here, we show that centrosomal protein Dzip1l is required for Hh signaling between Smoothened and Sufu. Dzip1l colocalizes with basal body appendage proteins and Rpgrip1l, a TZ protein. Loss of Dzip1l results in reduced ciliogenesis and dysmorphic cilia in vivo Dzip1l interacts with, and acts upstream of, Cby, an appendage protein, in ciliogenesis. Dzip1l also has overlapping functions with Bromi (Tbc1d32) in ciliogenesis, cilia morphogenesis and neural tube patterning. Loss of Dzip1l arrests ciliogenesis at the stage of ciliary bud formation from the TZ. Consistent with this, Dzip1l mutant cells fail to remove the capping protein Cp110 (Ccp110) from the distal end of mother centrioles and to recruit Rpgrip1l to the TZ. Therefore, Dzip1l promotes ciliary bud formation and is required for the integrity of the TZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengbing Wang
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, W404, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, W404, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ken-Ichi Takemaru
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Xiaogang Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Guoqiang Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Baolin Wang
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, W404, New York, NY 10065, USA .,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, W404, New York, NY 10065, USA
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12
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Seo S, Datta P. Photoreceptor outer segment as a sink for membrane proteins: hypothesis and implications in retinal ciliopathies. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:R75-R82. [PMID: 28453661 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The photoreceptor outer segment (OS) is a unique modification of the primary cilium, specialized for light perception. Being homologous organelles, the primary cilium and the OS share common building blocks and molecular machinery to construct and maintain them. The OS, however, has several unique structural features that are not seen in primary cilia. Although these unique features of the OS have been well documented, their implications in protein localization have been under-appreciated. In this review, we compare the structural properties of the primary cilium and the OS, and propose a hypothesis that the OS can act as a sink for membrane proteins. We further discuss the implications of this hypothesis in polarized protein localization in photoreceptors and mechanisms of photoreceptor degeneration in retinal ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongjin Seo
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Wynn Institute for Vision Research, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Poppy Datta
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Wynn Institute for Vision Research, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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13
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Cela P, Hampl M, Shylo NA, Christopher KJ, Kavkova M, Landova M, Zikmund T, Weatherbee SD, Kaiser J, Buchtova M. Ciliopathy Protein Tmem107 Plays Multiple Roles in Craniofacial Development. J Dent Res 2017; 97:108-117. [PMID: 28954202 DOI: 10.1177/0022034517732538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A broad spectrum of human diseases called ciliopathies is caused by defective primary cilia morphology or signal transduction. The primary cilium is a solitary organelle that responds to mechanical and chemical stimuli from extracellular and intracellular environments. Transmembrane protein 107 (TMEM107) is localized in the primary cilium and is enriched at the transition zone where it acts to regulate protein content of the cilium. Mutations in TMEM107 were previously connected with oral-facial-digital syndrome, Meckel-Gruber syndrome, and Joubert syndrome exhibiting a range of ciliopathic defects. Here, we analyze a role of Tmem107 in craniofacial development with special focus on palate formation, using mouse embryos with a complete knockout of Tmem107. Tmem107-/- mice were affected by a broad spectrum of craniofacial defects, including shorter snout, expansion of the facial midline, cleft lip, extensive exencephaly, and microphthalmia or anophthalmia. External abnormalities were accompanied by defects in skeletal structures, including ossification delay in several membranous bones and enlargement of the nasal septum or defects in vomeronasal cartilage. Alteration in palatal shelves growth resulted in clefting of the secondary palate. Palatal defects were caused by increased mesenchymal proliferation leading to early overgrowth of palatal shelves followed by defects in their horizontalization. Moreover, the expression of epithelial stemness marker SOX2 was altered in the palatal shelves of Tmem107-/- animals, and differences in mesenchymal SOX9 expression demonstrated the enhancement of neural crest migration. Detailed analysis of primary cilia revealed region-specific changes in ciliary morphology accompanied by alteration of acetylated tubulin and IFT88 expression. Moreover, Shh and Gli1 expression was increased in Tmem107-/- animals as shown by in situ hybridization. Thus, TMEM107 is essential for proper head development, and defective TMEM107 function leads to ciliary morphology disruptions in a region-specific manner, which may explain the complex mutant phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Cela
- 1 Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, CAS, Brno, Czech Republic.,2 Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - M Hampl
- 1 Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, CAS, Brno, Czech Republic.,3 Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - N A Shylo
- 4 Department of Genetics, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - K J Christopher
- 4 Department of Genetics, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - M Kavkova
- 5 CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - M Landova
- 1 Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, CAS, Brno, Czech Republic.,3 Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - T Zikmund
- 5 CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - S D Weatherbee
- 4 Department of Genetics, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - J Kaiser
- 5 CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - M Buchtova
- 1 Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, CAS, Brno, Czech Republic.,3 Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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14
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Bruel AL, Franco B, Duffourd Y, Thevenon J, Jego L, Lopez E, Deleuze JF, Doummar D, Giles RH, Johnson CA, Huynen MA, Chevrier V, Burglen L, Morleo M, Desguerres I, Pierquin G, Doray B, Gilbert-Dussardier B, Reversade B, Steichen-Gersdorf E, Baumann C, Panigrahi I, Fargeot-Espaliat A, Dieux A, David A, Goldenberg A, Bongers E, Gaillard D, Argente J, Aral B, Gigot N, St-Onge J, Birnbaum D, Phadke SR, Cormier-Daire V, Eguether T, Pazour GJ, Herranz-Pérez V, Lee JS, Pasquier L, Loget P, Saunier S, Mégarbané A, Rosnet O, Leroux MR, Wallingford JB, Blacque OE, Nachury MV, Attie-Bitach T, Rivière JB, Faivre L, Thauvin-Robinet C. Fifteen years of research on oral-facial-digital syndromes: from 1 to 16 causal genes. J Med Genet 2017; 54:371-380. [PMID: 28289185 PMCID: PMC5557276 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2016-104436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Oral-facial-digital syndromes (OFDS) gather rare genetic disorders characterised by facial, oral and digital abnormalities associated with a wide range of additional features (polycystic kidney disease, cerebral malformations and several others) to delineate a growing list of OFDS subtypes. The most frequent, OFD type I, is caused by a heterozygous mutation in the OFD1 gene encoding a centrosomal protein. The wide clinical heterogeneity of OFDS suggests the involvement of other ciliary genes. For 15 years, we have aimed to identify the molecular bases of OFDS. This effort has been greatly helped by the recent development of whole-exome sequencing (WES). Here, we present all our published and unpublished results for WES in 24 cases with OFDS. We identified causal variants in five new genes (C2CD3, TMEM107, INTU, KIAA0753 and IFT57) and related the clinical spectrum of four genes in other ciliopathies (C5orf42, TMEM138, TMEM231 and WDPCP) to OFDS. Mutations were also detected in two genes previously implicated in OFDS. Functional studies revealed the involvement of centriole elongation, transition zone and intraflagellar transport defects in OFDS, thus characterising three ciliary protein modules: the complex KIAA0753-FOPNL-OFD1, a regulator of centriole elongation; the Meckel-Gruber syndrome module, a major component of the transition zone; and the CPLANE complex necessary for IFT-A assembly. OFDS now appear to be a distinct subgroup of ciliopathies with wide heterogeneity, which makes the initial classification obsolete. A clinical classification restricted to the three frequent/well-delineated subtypes could be proposed, and for patients who do not fit one of these three main subtypes, a further classification could be based on the genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ange-Line Bruel
- FHU-TRANSLAD, Université de Bourgogne/CHU Dijon, France
- Équipe EA42271 GAD, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Brunella Franco
- Department of Translational Medicine, Medical Genetics Ferderico II University of Naples, Italy
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine-TIGEM, Naples, Italy
| | - Yannis Duffourd
- FHU-TRANSLAD, Université de Bourgogne/CHU Dijon, France
- Équipe EA42271 GAD, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Julien Thevenon
- FHU-TRANSLAD, Université de Bourgogne/CHU Dijon, France
- Équipe EA42271 GAD, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- Centre de Référence maladies rares « Anomalies du Développement et syndrome malformatifs » de l’Est et Centre de Génétique, Hôpital d’Enfants, CHU, Dijon, France
| | - Laurence Jego
- FHU-TRANSLAD, Université de Bourgogne/CHU Dijon, France
- Équipe EA42271 GAD, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Estelle Lopez
- Équipe EA42271 GAD, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | | | - Diane Doummar
- APHP, hôpital TROUSSEAU, Centre de référence des malformations et maladies congénitales du cervelet et département de génétique, Paris, France
| | - Rachel H. Giles
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Colin A. Johnson
- Section of Ophthalmology and Neurosciences, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Martijn A. Huynen
- Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Geert Grooteplein 26-28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Véronique Chevrier
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM UMR1068, F-13009 Marseille, France
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, F-13009 Marseille, France
- CNRS U7258, F-13009 Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, F-13007 Marseille, France
| | - Lydie Burglen
- APHP, hôpital TROUSSEAU, Centre de référence des malformations et maladies congénitales du cervelet et département de génétique, Paris, France
| | - Manuela Morleo
- Équipe EA42271 GAD, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- Department of Translational Medicine, Medical Genetics Ferderico II University of Naples, Italy
| | - Isabelle Desguerres
- Service de neurométabolisme, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, CHU, Paris, France
| | | | - Bérénice Doray
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital de Hautepierre, CHU, Strasbourg, France
| | - Brigitte Gilbert-Dussardier
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares « Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes malformatifs » de l’Ouest, Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU de Poitiers, EA 3808, Université de Poitiers, France
| | - Bruno Reversade
- Laboratory of Human Embryology and Genetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Singapore
| | | | - Clarisse Baumann
- Département de Génétique, Unité Fonctionelle de Génétique Clinique, Hôpital Robert Debré, CHU, Paris, France
| | - Inusha Panigrahi
- Genetic-Metabolic Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatric Centre, Pigmer, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Anne Dieux
- Centre de Référence CLAD NdF, Service de Génétique Clinique, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, CHRU, Lille, France
| | - Albert David
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Unité de Génétique Clinique, Hôpital Mère-Enfant, CHU, Nantes, France
| | - Alice Goldenberg
- Service de Génétique, CHU de Rouen, Centre Normand de Génomique Médicale et Médecine Personnalisée, Rouen, France
| | - Ernie Bongers
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jesús Argente
- Department of Pediatrics & Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús. Departement of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. CIBEROBN de fisiopatología de la obesidad y nutrición. Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Madrid, Spain
| | - Bernard Aral
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, PTB, CHU, Dijon, France
| | - Nadège Gigot
- FHU-TRANSLAD, Université de Bourgogne/CHU Dijon, France
- Équipe EA42271 GAD, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, PTB, CHU, Dijon, France
| | - Judith St-Onge
- FHU-TRANSLAD, Université de Bourgogne/CHU Dijon, France
- Équipe EA42271 GAD, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Daniel Birnbaum
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM UMR1068, F-13009 Marseille, France
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, F-13009 Marseille, France
- CNRS U7258, F-13009 Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, F-13007 Marseille, France
| | - Shubha R. Phadke
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Valérie Cormier-Daire
- Department of Translational Medicine, Medical Genetics Ferderico II University of Naples, Italy
- INSERM UMR1163, Université de Paris-Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut IMAGINE, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
- Service de génétique médicale, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Thibaut Eguether
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gregory J. Pazour
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vicente Herranz-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Comparada, Instituto Cavanilles, Universitat de València, CIBERNED, Spain
- Unidad mixta de Esclerosis múltiple y neurorregeneración, IIS Hospital La Fe-UVEG, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jaclyn S. Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Laurent Pasquier
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares « Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes malformatifs » de l’Ouest, Unité Fonctionnelle de Génétique Médicale, CHU Rennes, France
| | | | - Sophie Saunier
- INSERM U983, Institut IMAGINE, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
- Département de Génétique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | | | - Olivier Rosnet
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM UMR1068, F-13009 Marseille, France
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, F-13009 Marseille, France
- CNRS U7258, F-13009 Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, F-13007 Marseille, France
| | - Michel R. Leroux
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry and Centre for Cell Biology, Development and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - John B. Wallingford
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin
| | - Oliver E. Blacque
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Maxence V. Nachury
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tania Attie-Bitach
- INSERM UMR1163, Université de Paris-Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut IMAGINE, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
- Service de génétique médicale, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
- Département de Génétique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Rivière
- FHU-TRANSLAD, Université de Bourgogne/CHU Dijon, France
- Équipe EA42271 GAD, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, PTB, CHU, Dijon, France
| | - Laurence Faivre
- FHU-TRANSLAD, Université de Bourgogne/CHU Dijon, France
- Équipe EA42271 GAD, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- Centre de Référence maladies rares « Anomalies du Développement et syndrome malformatifs » de l’Est et Centre de Génétique, Hôpital d’Enfants, CHU, Dijon, France
| | - Christel Thauvin-Robinet
- FHU-TRANSLAD, Université de Bourgogne/CHU Dijon, France
- Équipe EA42271 GAD, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- Centre de Référence maladies rares « Anomalies du Développement et syndrome malformatifs » de l’Est et Centre de Génétique, Hôpital d’Enfants, CHU, Dijon, France
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15
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Gonçalves J, Pelletier L. The Ciliary Transition Zone: Finding the Pieces and Assembling the Gate. Mol Cells 2017; 40:243-253. [PMID: 28401750 PMCID: PMC5424270 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2017.0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cilia are organelles that project from the surface of cells to fulfill motility and sensory functions. In vertebrates, the functions of both motile and immotile cilia are critical for embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis. Importantly, a multitude of human diseases is caused by abnormal cilia biogenesis and functions which rely on the compartmentalization of the cilium and the maintenance of its protein composition. The transition zone (TZ) is a specialized ciliary domain present at the base of the cilium and is part of a gate that controls protein entry and exit from this organelle. The relevance of the TZ is highlighted by the fact that several of its components are coded by ciliopathy genes. Here we review recent developments in the study of TZ proteomes, the mapping of individual components to the TZ structure and the establishment of the TZ as a lipid gate.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Gonçalves
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5,
Canada
| | - Laurence Pelletier
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5,
Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8,
Canada
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16
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Abstract
Nephronophthisis-related ciliopathies (NPHP-RC) are a group of inherited diseases that affect genes encoding proteins that localize to primary cilia or centrosomes. With few exceptions, ciliopathies are inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, and affected individuals manifest early during childhood or adolescence. NPHP-RC are genetically very heterogeneous, and, currently, mutations in more than 90 genes have been described as single-gene causes. The phenotypes of NPHP-RC are very diverse, and include cystic-fibrotic kidney disease, brain developmental defects, retinal degeneration, skeletal deformities, facial dimorphism, and, in some cases, laterality defects, and congenital heart disease. Mutations in the same gene can give rise to diverse phenotypes depending on the mutated allele. At the same time, there is broad phenotypic overlap between different monogenic genes. The identification of monogenic causes of ciliopathies has furthered the understanding of molecular mechanism and cellular pathways involved in the pathogenesis.
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17
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Garcia-Gonzalo FR, Reiter JF. Open Sesame: How Transition Fibers and the Transition Zone Control Ciliary Composition. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2017; 9:cshperspect.a028134. [PMID: 27770015 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a028134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cilia are plasma membrane protrusions that act as cellular propellers or antennae. To perform these functions, cilia must maintain a composition distinct from those of the contiguous cytosol and plasma membrane. The specialized composition of the cilium depends on the ciliary gate, the region at the ciliary base separating the cilium from the rest of the cell. The ciliary gate's main structural features are electron dense struts connecting microtubules to the adjacent membrane. These structures include the transition fibers, which connect the distal basal body to the base of the ciliary membrane, and the Y-links, which connect the proximal axoneme and ciliary membrane within the transition zone. Both transition fibers and Y-links form early during ciliogenesis and play key roles in ciliary assembly and trafficking. Accordingly, many human ciliopathies are caused by mutations that perturb ciliary gate function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesc R Garcia-Gonzalo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jeremy F Reiter
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
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