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Zhan S, Wang L, Wang W, Li R. Analysis of genes characterizing chronic thrombosis and associated pathways in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299912. [PMID: 38451963 PMCID: PMC10919650 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), fibrosis of thrombi in the lumen of blood vessels and obstruction of blood vessels are important factors in the progression of the disease. Therefore, it is important to explore the key genes that lead to chronic thrombosis in order to understand the development of CTEPH, and at the same time, it is beneficial to provide new directions for early identification, disease prevention, clinical diagnosis and treatment, and development of novel therapeutic agents. METHODS The GSE130391 dataset was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) public database, which includes the full gene expression profiles of patients with CTEPH and Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (IPAH). Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) of CTEPH and IPAH were screened, and then Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) functional enrichment analyses were performed on the DEGs; Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) to screen the key gene modules and take the intersection genes of DEGs and the key module genes in WGCNA; STRING database was used to construct the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network; and cytoHubba analysis was performed to identify the hub genes. RESULTS A total of 924 DEGs were screened, and the MEturquoise module with the strongest correlation was selected to take the intersection with DEGs A total of 757 intersecting genes were screened. The top ten hub genes were analyzed by cytoHubba: IL-1B, CXCL8, CCL22, CCL5, CCL20, TNF, IL-12B, JUN, EP300, and CCL4. CONCLUSION IL-1B, CXCL8, CCL22, CCL5, CCL20, TNF, IL-12B, JUN, EP300, and CCL4 have diagnostic and therapeutic value in CTEPH disease, especially playing a role in chronic thrombosis. The discovery of NF-κB, AP-1 transcription factors, and TNF signaling pathway through pivotal genes may be involved in the disease progression process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liu Wang
- Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | | | - Ruoran Li
- Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
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Voshagh Q, Anoshiravani A, Karimpour A, Goodarzi G, Tehrani SS, Tabatabaei‐Malazy O, Panahi G. Investigating the association between the tissue expression of miRNA-101, JAK2/STAT3 with TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-10 cytokines in the ulcerative colitis patients. Immun Inflamm Dis 2024; 12:e1224. [PMID: 38517042 PMCID: PMC10958669 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease caused by numerous factors, such as immune system dysfunction and genetic factors. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in UC pathogenesis, particularly via the JAK-STAT pathway. Our aim was to investigate the association between miRNA-101 and JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway with inflammatory cytokines in UC patients. METHODS We enrolled 35 UC patients and 35 healthy individuals as the control group, referred to Shariati Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Patients were diagnosed based on clinical, laboratory, histological, and colonoscopy criteria. RNA and protein extracted from tissue samples. Real-time PCR was used to assess the expression levels of miRNA-101, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IL-10 genes, while western blot was employed to measure levels of P-STAT3, total STAT3, and JAK2 proteins. RESULTS Expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 significantly increased, while the expression of IL-10 significantly decreased in the case group versus controls. Additionally, miRNA-101 expression was significantly higher in UC patients. A significant correlation between miRNA-101 and IL-6 expression was observed, indicating their relationship and possible impact on cell signaling pathways, JAK2-STAT3. No significant changes were observed in phosphorylated and total STAT3 and JAK2 protein expression. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence of increased miRNA-101 expression in UC tissue, suggesting a potential correlation between miRNA-101 and IL-6 expression and their involvement in the JAK2-STAT3 pathway. The study confirms alterations in UC patients' pro-inflammatory cytokines and anti-inflammatory IL-10. However, further investigations are needed to understand the exact role of miRNA-101 in UC pathogenesis fully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qazaleh Voshagh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of MedicineTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Amir Anoshiravani
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Digestive Disease Research InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Amin Karimpour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of MedicineTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Golnaz Goodarzi
- Department of Pathobiology and Laboratory Sciences, School of MedicineNorth Khorasan University of Medical SciencesBojnurdIran
| | - Sadra Samavarchi Tehrani
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and MetabolismIran University of Medical ScienceTehranIran
| | - Ozra Tabatabaei‐Malazy
- Non‐Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Ghodratollah Panahi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of MedicineTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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3
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Podolski M, Požgaj L, Faraho I, Petrinić Grba A, Belamarić D, Paravić Radičević A, Bosnar M, Crnčević Urek M, Čubranić A, Mustapić S, Mijandrušić-Sinčić B, Banić M, Eraković Haber V. Correlation of ex vivo cytokine secretion profiles with scoring indices in ulcerative colitis. Eur J Clin Invest 2023; 53:e14070. [PMID: 37547943 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In ulcerative colitis, the complexity of mucosal cytokine secretion profiles and how they correlate with endoscopic and clinical scores is still unclear. METHODS In this study, we collected fresh biopsies from UC patients to investigate which cytokines are produced in ex vivo culture conditions, a platform increasingly used for testing of novel drugs. Then, we correlated cytokine production with several scoring indices commonly used to assess the severity of the disease. RESULTS Increased levels of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, TNFα and IFNɣ were produced by biopsies of UC patients compared to non-IBD controls. Our results show a better correlation of cytokine levels with Mayo Endoscopic Subscore (MES) and Mayo score, than the more complex Ulcerative Colitis Endoscopic Index of Severity (UCEIS). Out of 10 measured cytokines, eight correlated with MES, six with Mayo score and only three with UCEIS, due to the partial increase in cytokine secretion observed in donors with UCEIS = 7-8. When we analysed individual subscores within the UCEIS, Vascular Network subscore showed a correlation similar to MES (7/10 cytokines), while Bleeding as well as Erosions and Ulcers subscores correlated with only 3/10 cytokines, similarly to the total UCEIS. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that choosing biopsies from donors with MES = 2-3 and UCEIS = 2-6 from areas with no bleeding and no superficial and/or deep ulcers could enable a deeper insight into the cytokine profile of the inflamed tissue and represent a better tool for studying potential therapeutic targets and evaluation of novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marija Crnčević Urek
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Clinical University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Aleksandar Čubranić
- University of Rijeka School of Medicine, Rijeka, Croatia
- Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | | | | | - Marko Banić
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Clinical University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
- University of Rijeka School of Medicine, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Vesna Eraković Haber
- Selvita Ltd, Zagreb, Croatia
- University of Rijeka School of Medicine, Rijeka, Croatia
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4
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Cignarella A, Vegeto E, Bolego C, Trabace L, Conti L, Ortona E. Sex-oriented perspectives in immunopharmacology. Pharmacol Res 2023; 197:106956. [PMID: 37820857 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Several immunopharmacological agents are effective in the treatment of cancer and immune-mediated conditions, with a favorable impact on life expectancy and clinical outcomes for a large number of patients. Nevertheless, response variation and undesirable effects of these drugs represent major issues, and overall efficacy remains unpredictable. Males and females show a distinct difference in immune system responses, with females generally mounting stronger responses to a variety of stimuli. Therefore, exploring sex differences in the efficacy and safety of immunopharmacological agents would strengthen the practice of precision medicine. As a pharmacological target highlight, programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) is the first functionally characterized ligand of the coinhibitory programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1). The PD-L1/PD-1 crosstalk plays an important role in the immune response and is relevant in cancer, infectious and autoimmune disease. Sex differences in the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors are well documented, with male patients responding better than female patients. Similarly, higher efficacy of and adherence to tumor necrosis factor inhibitors in chronic inflammatory conditions including rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease have been reported in male patients. The pharmacological basis of sex-specific responses to immune system modulating drugs is actively investigated in other settings such as stroke and type 1 diabetes. Advances in therapeutics targeting the endothelium could soon be wielded against autoimmunity and metabolic disorders. Based on the established sexual dimorphism in immune-related pathophysiology and disease presentation, sex-specific immunopharmacological protocols should be integrated into clinical guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elisabetta Vegeto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Bolego
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Luigia Trabace
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Lucia Conti
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Ortona
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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Uwada J, Nakazawa H, Muramatsu I, Masuoka T, Yazawa T. Role of Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Intestinal Epithelial Homeostasis: Insights for the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076508. [PMID: 37047478 PMCID: PMC10095461 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, is an intestinal disorder that causes prolonged inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Currently, the etiology of IBD is not fully understood and treatments are insufficient to completely cure the disease. In addition to absorbing essential nutrients, intestinal epithelial cells prevent the entry of foreign antigens (micro-organisms and undigested food) through mucus secretion and epithelial barrier formation. Disruption of the intestinal epithelial homeostasis exacerbates inflammation. Thus, the maintenance and reinforcement of epithelial function may have therapeutic benefits in the treatment of IBD. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) are G protein-coupled receptors for acetylcholine that are expressed in intestinal epithelial cells. Recent studies have revealed the role of mAChRs in the maintenance of intestinal epithelial homeostasis. The importance of non-neuronal acetylcholine in mAChR activation in epithelial cells has also been recognized. This review aimed to summarize recent advances in research on mAChRs for intestinal epithelial homeostasis and the involvement of non-neuronal acetylcholine systems, and highlight their potential as targets for IBD therapy.
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Protective Effect of Red Rice Extract Rich in Proanthocyanidins in a Murine Colitis Model. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020265. [PMID: 36830802 PMCID: PMC9953176 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has become a global concern. Proanthocyanidin-rich red rice extract (PRRE) has been shown to suppress the inflammatory response in cellular cultures. However, the anti-colitis effect of PRRE has never been investigated in animals. This study aimed to examine the protective effect of the PRRE against dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. Male mice were orally administrated with PRRE of 50, 250 and 500 mg/kg/day for 21 days. Acute colitis was subsequently induced by administrated 2.5% DSS in drinking water for the final seven days. Sulfasalazine-treated mice were the positive group. All doses of PRRE and sulfasalazine significantly ameliorated DSS-induced severity of colitis, as indicated by decreasing daily activity index and restoring colon shortening. Treatments with PRRE, but not sulfasalazine, significantly reduced the histopathological index and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Furthermore, the PRRE treatments effectively improved mucous in colonic goblet cells using PAS staining, and suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 induced by DSS, while sulfasalazine reduced only IL-1β and IL-6. This study suggested that PRRE had a greater anti-colitis effect than sulfasalazine. Thus, PRRE has a potential anti-colitis effect, and should be developed in a clinical trial as a natural active pharmaceutical ingredient for IBD.
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Zhang X, Zhang X, Song X, Xiang C, He C, Xie Y, Zhou Y, Wang N, Guo G, Zhang W, Li Y, Liu K, Zou Q, Guo H, Shi Y. Interleukin 17 B regulates colonic myeloid cell infiltration in a mouse model of DSS-induced colitis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1055256. [PMID: 36814913 PMCID: PMC9940313 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1055256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokines play vital roles in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. IL17B is protective in the development of colitis. However, how IL17B regulates intestinal inflammation and what cells are regulated by IL17B is still unknown. Here, we aimed to illustrate the IL17B dependent cellular and molecular changes in colon tissue in a mouse colitis model. The results showed that IL17B expression in colon tissues was elevated in inflamed tissues than non-inflamed tissues of IBD patients. Wild type (WT) and Il17b deficient (Il17b -/-) mice were given 2.5% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) water, and in some case, Il17b -/- mice were treated with recombinant mouse IL17B. IL17B deficiency resulted in severe DSS-induced colitis with exaggerated weight loss, shorter colon length, and elevated proinflammatory cytokines in colon. Reconstitution of Il17b -/- mice with recombinant IL17B alleviated the severity of DSS-induced colitis. Single cell transcriptional analyses of CD45+ immune cells in colonic lamina propria revealed that loss of IL17B resulted in an increased neutrophil infiltration and enhanced inflammatory cytokines in intestinal macrophages in colitis, which were confirmed by real-time PCR and flow cytometry. IL17B treatment also inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in bone marrow-derived macrophages and mice. IL17B inhibits colitis by regulating colonic myeloid cell response. It might represent a novel potential therapeutic approach to treat the colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Zhang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaokai Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaomei Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Chuanying Xiang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chunmei He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Xie
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yangyang Zhou
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Gang Guo
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Weijun Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kaiyun Liu
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Quanming Zou
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Yun Shi
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Fecal microbiota transplantation versus glucocorticoids for the induction of remission in mild to moderate ulcerative colitis. J Transl Med 2022; 20:354. [PMID: 35962454 PMCID: PMC9373544 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03569-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To compare efficacy and safety of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) with glucocorticoid as induction therapy in ulcerative colitis (UC). Methods The patients with active mild to moderate UC were recruited into the single-center, prospective cohort study. The patients were treated with either FMT (FMT group) or glucocorticoids (GCs group). Patients received FMT administration for 3 days. The primary outcome was clinical and endoscopic remission at week 12. Inflammatory parameters were assessed by routine blood tests. Safety was assessed by adverse events recorded. The serum levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10 IL-8, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-17A and IL-23 following FMT were measured by Luminex multiplex assay. Results Of the 122 patients, 62 patients were treated with FMT and 60 with glucocorticoids. 34 patients in FMT group (54.8%) and 29 in GCs group (48.3%) reached the primary outcome (p = 0.30). The incidence of adverse events in GCs group (35/60, 58.3%) was significantly higher than that in FMT group (14/62, 22.6%) and two serious adverse events were observed following GCs. Patients in FMT group were stratified into responders (RE) and non-responders (NR) groups. The level of TNF-α and IL-6 decreased significantly in RE group, while IL-10 decreased significantly in NR group. Conclusion FMT therapy was as effective as glucocorticoids to induce remission in active mild to moderate UC, accompanied by fewer adverse events. The modification of serum TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 might be related to the efficacy of FMT in UC. Trial registration This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02435160). Registered on 6 April, 2015. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?cond=&term=NCT02435160&cntry=&state=&city=&dist=
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Aghamohamadi E, Asri N, Odak A, Rostami-Nejad M, Chaleshi V, Hajinabi Y, Eslami M, Mohammadian Haftcheshmeh S, Gholam-Mostafaei FS, Asadzadeh-Aghdaei H, Masotti A, Zali MR. Gene expression analysis of intestinal IL-8, IL-17 A and IL-10 in patients with celiac and inflammatory bowel diseases. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:6085-6091. [PMID: 35526253 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07397-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Celiac disease (CeD) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are accompanied by impaired immune responses. To study the immune regulation of these diseases, we evaluated the expression levels of pro-inflammatory (IL-8 and IL-17 A) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines in intestinal biopsy specimens of CeD and IBD patients in comparison to healthy subjects. METHODS AND RESULTS Intestinal biopsies were collected from 33 patients with IBD, 47 patients with CeD, and 20 healthy individuals. Total RNA was extracted and mRNA expression levels of IL-8, IL-17 A and IL-10 were assessed by qPCR. P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The expression levels of IL-8 and IL-17 A were higher in biopsies of IBD (UC and CD) and CeD patients compared to the control group (P < 0.05). IBD patients (UC and CD) had higher IL-8 intestinal level than CeD patients (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.0007, respectively). The expression of IL-10 was significantly down-regulated in intestinal biopsies of CeD and IBD patients compared with controls (P < 0.001). In addition, the expression level of this cytokine was significantly lower in IBD patients (P < 0.001 for UC patients and P < 0.0001 for CD patients) than CeD group. CONCLUSIONS The three selected pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines showed a similar expression pattern in both IBD and CeD patients. As IBD and CeD are immune-mediated disorders and are accompanied by inflammatory events, the understanding of the similarities and differences among them can help researchers to find out useful candidate therapeutic protocols. We suggest that larger cohort studies be organized to achieve more insights into this regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Aghamohamadi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nastaran Asri
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aylin Odak
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rostami-Nejad
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Vahid Chaleshi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasaman Hajinabi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Eslami
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, 1949635881, Iran
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, 1949635881, Iran
| | | | - Fahimeh Sadat Gholam-Mostafaei
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh-Aghdaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Andrea Masotti
- Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-IRCCS, Research Laboratories, V.le San Paolo 15, 00146, Rome, Italy.
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Cui G, Florholmen J, Goll R. Could Mucosal TNF Transcript as a Biomarker Candidate Help Optimize Anti-TNF Biological Therapy in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis? Front Immunol 2022; 13:881112. [PMID: 35663996 PMCID: PMC9162116 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.881112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) biological therapy has generally been accepted as a standard therapeutic option in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patient who are refractory to steroids or immunomodulators. However, the primary and secondary nonresponse rates to anti-TNF bioagents in patients with IBD are high. To improve the response rate, anti-TNF bioagents must be offered to the appropriate IBD patients, and the withdrawal of anti-TNF bioagents needs to be done at the right time. In this context, reliable and reproducible biomarkers can provide important supportive information for clinicians to make correct decisions based on the patient’s individual situation. In this review, we summarized the current understanding of using mucosal TNF transcript (TNF) to improve the precision of anti-TNF biological therapy strategies in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Analysis of published literature showed that mucosal TNF could affect the precision of the early identification of candidates who will benefit from anti-TNF therapy prior to treatment, the assessment of response and mucosal healing, and the prediction of discontinuation of anti-TNF biological therapy and relapse after drug withdrawal. Challenges and limitations of using mucosal TNF as a biomarker in applying individualized anti-TNF biological therapy in patients with UC still remain and need to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglin Cui
- Research Group of Gastrointestinal Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Faculty of Health Science, Nord University, Campus Levanger, Levanger, Norway.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jon Florholmen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Rasmus Goll
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Liu HY, Gu F, Zhu C, Yuan L, Zhu C, Zhu M, Yao J, Hu P, Zhang Y, Dicksved J, Bao W, Cai D. Epithelial Heat Shock Proteins Mediate the Protective Effects of Limosilactobacillus reuteri in Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:865982. [PMID: 35320932 PMCID: PMC8934773 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.865982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects in gut barrier function are implicated in gastrointestinal (GI) disorders like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), as well as in systemic inflammation. With the increasing incidence of IBD worldwide, more attention should be paid to dietary interventions and therapeutics with the potential to boost the natural defense mechanisms of gut epithelial cells. The current study aimed to investigate the protective effects of Limosilactobacillus reuteri ATCC PTA 4659 in a colitis mouse model and delineate the mechanisms behind it. Wild-type mice were allocated to the control group; or given 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water for 7 days to induce colitis; or administered L. reuteri for 7 days as pretreatment; or for 14 days starting 7 days before subjecting to the DSS. Peroral treatment with L. reuteri improved colitis severity clinically and morphologically and reduced the colonic levels of Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (Tnf), Interleukin 1-β (Il1β), and nterferon-γ (Ifng), the crucial pro-inflammatory cytokines in colitis onset. It also prevented the CD11b+Ly6G+ neutrophil recruitment and the skewed immune responses in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) of CD11b+CD11c+ dendritic cell (DC) expansion and Foxp3+CD4+ T-cell reduction. Using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and RT-qPCR, we demonstrated a colitis-driven bacterial translocation to MLNs and gut microbiota dysbiosis that were in part counterbalanced by L. reuteri treatment. Moreover, the expression of barrier-preserving tight junction (TJ) proteins and cytoprotective heat shock protein (HSP) 70 and HSP25 was reduced by colitis but boosted by L. reuteri treatment. A shift in expression pattern was also observed with HSP70 in response to the pretreatment and with HSP25 in response to L. reuteri-DSS. In addition, the changes of HSPs were found to be correlated to bacterial load and epithelial cell proliferation. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that the human-derived L. reuteri strain 4659 confers protection in experimental colitis in young mice, while intestinal HSPs may mediate the probiotic effects by providing a supportive protein–protein network for the epithelium in health and colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Yu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Fang Gu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Cuipeng Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Long Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chuyang Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Miaonan Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jiacheng Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ping Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yunzeng Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Johan Dicksved
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Wenbin Bao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Demin Cai, ; Wenbin Bao,
| | - Demin Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Demin Cai, ; Wenbin Bao,
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12
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Gareb B, Beugeling M, Posthumus S, Otten AT, Dijkstra G, Kosterink JG, Frijlink HW. Infliximab formulation strategy for a stable ileo-colonic targeted oral dosage form intended for the topical treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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13
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Morrison JM, Betensky M, Kiskaddon AL, Goldenberg NA. Venous Thromboembolism among Noncritically Ill Hospitalized Children: Key Considerations for the Pediatric Hospital Medicine Specialist. Semin Thromb Hemost 2021; 48:434-445. [PMID: 33962474 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1729170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a leading cause of morbidity and preventable harm among noncritically ill hospitalized children. Several clinical factors relevant to the noncritically ill hospitalized child significantly increase the risk of VTE including the presence of central venous catheters, systemic inflammation, and prolonged immobilization. Although risk mitigation strategies have been described, the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of VTE require standardization of institutional practices combined with multidisciplinary collaboration among pediatric hospitalists, hematologists, and other care providers. In this narrative review, we summarize the epidemiology of VTE, risk models identifying high-risk conditions associated with VTE, and prevention and treatment strategies. We further describe successful quality improvement efforts implementing institutional VTE risk stratification and thromboprophylaxis procedures. Finally, we highlight unique challenges facing pediatric hospital medicine specialists in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic, including caring for adults admitted to pediatric hospital units, and describe future research opportunities for VTE in the noncritically ill hospitalized child.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Morrison
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Division of Pediatric Hospital Medicine, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, Florida
| | - Marisol Betensky
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Division of Pediatric Hematology, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, Florida
| | - Amy L Kiskaddon
- Department of Pharmacy, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, Florida
| | - Neil A Goldenberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Division of Pediatric Hematology, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, Florida
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14
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Tan AH, Hor JW, Chong CW, Lim S. Probiotics for Parkinson's disease: Current evidence and future directions. JGH Open 2021; 5:414-419. [PMID: 33860090 PMCID: PMC8035463 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The gut-brain axis is a hot topic in Parkinson's disease (PD). It has been postulated that gut pathogens and dysbiosis can contribute to peripheral inflammatory states or trigger downstream metabolic effects that exacerbate the neurodegenerative process in PD. Several preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated disrupted intestinal permeability, intestinal inflammation, altered gut microbiome, and reduced fecal short-chain fatty acids in PD. In this regard, microbial-directed therapies such as probiotics are emerging as potential therapeutic options. Probiotic supplementation is postulated to confer a variety of health benefits due to the diverse functions of these live microorganisms, including inhibition of pathogen colonization, modulation/"normalization" of the microbiome and/or its function, immunomodulatory effects (e.g. reducing inflammation), and improved host epithelial barrier function. Interestingly, several PD animal model studies have demonstrated the potential neuroprotective effects of probiotics in reducing dopaminergic neuronal degeneration. Notably, two randomized placebo-controlled trials have provided class I evidence for probiotics as a treatment for constipation in PD. However, the effects of probiotics on other PD aspects, such as motor disability and cognitive function, and its long-term efficacy (including effects on PD drug absorption in the gut) have not been investigated adequately. Further targeted animal and human studies are also warranted to understand the mechanisms of actions of probiotics in PD and to tailor probiotic therapy based on individual host profiles to improve patient outcomes in this disabling disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Huey Tan
- Division of Neurology and the Mah Pooi Soo and Tan Chin Nam Centre for Parkinson's and Related Disorders, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of MalayaKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Jia Wei Hor
- Division of Neurology and the Mah Pooi Soo and Tan Chin Nam Centre for Parkinson's and Related Disorders, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of MalayaKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Chun Wie Chong
- School of PharmacyMonash University MalaysiaSelangorMalaysia
| | - Shen‐Yang Lim
- Division of Neurology and the Mah Pooi Soo and Tan Chin Nam Centre for Parkinson's and Related Disorders, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of MalayaKuala LumpurMalaysia
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15
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Leccese G, Bibi A, Mazza S, Facciotti F, Caprioli F, Landini P, Paroni M. Probiotic Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium Strains Counteract Adherent-Invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) Virulence and Hamper IL-23/Th17 Axis in Ulcerative Colitis, but Not in Crohn's Disease. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081824. [PMID: 32752244 PMCID: PMC7464949 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypersecretion of proinflammatory cytokines and dysregulated activation of the IL-23/Th17 axis in response to intestinal microbiota dysbiosis are key factors in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). In this work, we studied how Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains affect AIEC-LF82 virulence mechanisms and the consequent inflammatory response linked to the CCR6–CCL20 and IL-23/Th17 axes in Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. All Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains significantly reduced the LF82 adhesion and persistence within HT29 intestinal epithelial cells, inhibiting IL-8 secretion while not affecting the CCR6–CCL20 axis. Moreover, they significantly reduced LF82 survival within macrophages and dendritic cells, reducing the secretion of polarizing cytokines related to the IL-23/Th17 axis, both in healthy donors (HD) and UC patients. In CD patients, however, only B. breve Bbr8 strain was able to slightly reduce the LF82 persistence within dendritic cells, thus hampering the IL-23/Th17 axis. In addition, probiotic strains were able to modulate the AIEC-induced inflammation in HD, reducing TNF-α and increasing IL-10 secretion by macrophages, but failed to do so in IBD patients. Interestingly, the probiotic strains studied in this work were all able to interfere with the IL-23/Th17 axis in UC patients, but not in CD patients. The different interaction mechanisms of probiotic strains with innate immune cells from UC and CD patients compared to HD suggest that testing on CD-derived immune cells may be pivotal for the identification of novel probiotic strains that could be effective also for CD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Leccese
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.L.); (A.B.); (P.L.)
| | - Alessia Bibi
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.L.); (A.B.); (P.L.)
| | - Stefano Mazza
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (S.M.); (F.C.)
| | - Federica Facciotti
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy;
| | - Flavio Caprioli
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (S.M.); (F.C.)
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20135 Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Landini
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.L.); (A.B.); (P.L.)
| | - Moira Paroni
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.L.); (A.B.); (P.L.)
- Correspondence:
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16
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Gareb B, Otten AT, Frijlink HW, Dijkstra G, Kosterink JGW. Review: Local Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Inhibition in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E539. [PMID: 32545207 PMCID: PMC7356880 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12060539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) characterized by intestinal inflammation. Increased intestinal levels of the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) are associated with disease activity and severity. Anti-TNF-α therapy is administered systemically and efficacious in the treatment of IBD. However, systemic exposure is associated with adverse events that may impede therapeutic treatment. Clinical studies show that the efficacy correlates with immunological effects localized in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) as opposed to systemic effects. These data suggest that site-specific TNF-α inhibition in IBD may be efficacious with fewer expected side effects related to systemic exposure. We therefore reviewed the available literature that investigated the efficacy or feasibility of local TNF-α inhibition in IBD. A literature search was performed on PubMed with given search terms and strategy. Of 8739 hits, 48 citations were included in this review. These studies ranged from animal studies to randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials. In these studies, local anti-TNF-α therapy was achieved with antibodies, antisense oligonucleotides (ASO), small interfering RNA (siRNA), microRNA (miRNA) and genetically modified organisms. This narrative review summarizes and discusses these approaches in view of the clinical relevance of local TNF-α inhibition in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahez Gareb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands;
- Martini Hospital Groningen, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Van Swietenplein 1, 9728 NT Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Antonius T. Otten
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (A.T.O.); (G.D.)
| | - Henderik W. Frijlink
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Gerard Dijkstra
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (A.T.O.); (G.D.)
| | - Jos G. W. Kosterink
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands;
- Department of PharmacoTherapy, -Epidemiology and -Economics, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
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Dietary Red Meat Adversely Affects Disease Severity in a Pig Model of DSS-Induced Colitis Despite Reduction in Colonic Pro-Inflammatory Gene Expression. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061728. [PMID: 32526985 PMCID: PMC7353045 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet plays a substantial role in the pathogenesis and management of ulcerative colitis (UC), and epidemiologic studies indicate an association between red meat intake and increased risk of UC development. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of a red meat diet on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in pigs. Weaned pigs (42 days old) were fed either a control diet or a diet substituted with 15% minced, cooked and dried beef from experimental day 0 to 14. From day 14 to 18, half of the pigs on each diet received a daily oral dose of DSS. Dietary red meat aggravated the severity of colitis based on clinical signs of disease (negative performance score) and histopathological parameters in the colon such as erosion/ulceration and the overall inflammation score but no negative effects were observed on systemic health or small intestinal permeability. Importantly, dietary meat also caused a potential beneficial reduction in the colonic expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-17A and IL-6, the pro-inflammatory enzyme PTGS2 and in the chemokine IL-8. The present study emphasizes the potential of diet to modulate mucosal inflammation and that a red meat diet might be a risk factor for the development of inflammatory bowel disease.
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18
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Development of a Gut-On-A-Chip Model for High Throughput Disease Modeling and Drug Discovery. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225661. [PMID: 31726729 PMCID: PMC6888156 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A common bottleneck in any drug development process is finding sufficiently accurate models that capture key aspects of disease development and progression. Conventional drug screening models often rely on simple 2D culture systems that fail to recapitulate the complexity of the organ situation. In this study, we show the application of a robust high throughput 3D gut-on-a-chip model for investigating hallmarks of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Using the OrganoPlate platform, we subjected enterocyte-like cells to an immune-relevant inflammatory trigger in order to recapitulate key events of IBD and to further investigate the suitability of this model for compound discovery and target validation activities. The induction of inflammatory conditions caused a loss of barrier function of the intestinal epithelium and its activation by increased cytokine production, two events observed in IBD physiopathology. More importantly, anti-inflammatory compound exposure prevented the loss of barrier function and the increased cytokine release. Furthermore, knockdown of key inflammatory regulators RELA and MYD88 through on-chip adenoviral shRNA transduction alleviated IBD phenotype by decreasing cytokine production. In summary, we demonstrate the routine use of a gut-on-a-chip platform for disease-specific aspects modeling. The approach can be used for larger scale disease modeling, target validation and drug discovery purposes.
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19
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Small heat shock protein CRYAB inhibits intestinal mucosal inflammatory responses and protects barrier integrity through suppressing IKKβ activity. Mucosal Immunol 2019; 12:1291-1303. [PMID: 31481750 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-019-0198-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alpha B-crystallin (CRYAB) is an important member of the small heat shock protein family, and plays a protective and therapeutic role in neurological inflammation. CRYAB expression was assessed in cultured HT29 and Caco-2 cells and inflamed mucosa of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colitis models in mice. Lentivirus-overexpressing and CRSIPR/Cas9 systems were used in different cells to upregulate and silence CRYAB expression, respectively. Cell permeable recombined fusion protein TAT-CRYAB was injected intraperitoneally into dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)- or 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in mice to assess its anti-inflammatory effects. CRYAB was found to be significantly decreased in the inflamed mucosa from IBD patients and DSS-induced colitis in mice, and negatively correlated with the levels of TNF-α and IL-6, respectively. Enforced expression of CRYAB suppressed expression of proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-8) via inhibiting the IKK complex formation, whereas lack of CRYAB expression markedly enhanced proinflammatory responses. Consistently, administration of TAT-CRYAB fusion protein significantly alleviated DSS- or TNBS-induced colitis in mice and protected intestinal barrier integrity. CRYAB regulates inflammatory response in intestinal mucosa by inhibiting IKKβ-mediated signaling and may serve as a novel therapeutic approach in the treatment of IBD.
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20
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Fukaura K, Iboshi Y, Ogino H, Ihara E, Nakamura K, Nishihara Y, Nishioka K, Chinen T, Iwasa T, Aso A, Goto A, Haraguchi K, Akiho H, Harada N, Ogawa Y. Mucosal Profiles of Immune Molecules Related to T Helper and Regulatory T Cells Predict Future Relapse in Patients With Quiescent Ulcerative Colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2019; 25:1019-1027. [PMID: 30668727 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izy395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND T helper (Th)- and regulatory T (Treg) cell-related immune molecules are implicated in ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the association between their mucosal expression during remission and the subsequent clinical course of UC is unknown. METHODS The expression of cytokines and transcription factors related to Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg in endoscopic mucosal biopsy specimens from 40 UC patients in clinical remission and 9 controls was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The relationship between their expression patterns, as stratified by Mayo Endoscopic Subscore (MES), and any future relapse was evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS Six of 40 patients (baseline MES 0/1/2, 22/14/4) experienced a relapse during the study period (median, 37 months). At baseline, even in the MES0 patients, the interleukin (IL)-17A of the patients was significantly upregulated in comparison with controls (P = 0.0351). Future relapse was associated with a higher baseline expression of IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-21 in MES0/1, and the upregulation of IL-17F and IL-21 remained statistically significant when limited to MES0 patients. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that as a single marker, a higher IL-21 level best grouped patients with an increased risk of relapse (P = 0.0042). Furthermore, a multivariate model that consisted of IL-21 and T-bet showed an even greater value (P = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS The profiles of Th/Treg-related gene expression in the colonic mucosa are altered, even during clinical and endoscopic remission of UC, with a detectable Th17-predominant profile predicting future relapse. This association might represent latent immune dysregulation during disease quiescence and has the potential to be utilized to improve patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Fukaura
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Iboshi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization, Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Haruei Ogino
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Eikichi Ihara
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Harasanshin Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Nishihara
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kei Nishioka
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Chinen
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Iwasa
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akira Aso
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ayako Goto
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Hirotada Akiho
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kitakyushu Municipal Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naohiko Harada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization, Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ogawa
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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21
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Diab J, Al-Mahdi R, Gouveia-Figueira S, Hansen T, Jensen E, Goll R, Moritz T, Florholmen J, Forsdahl G. A Quantitative Analysis of Colonic Mucosal Oxylipins and Endocannabinoids in Treatment-Naïve and Deep Remission Ulcerative Colitis Patients and the Potential Link With Cytokine Gene Expression. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2019; 25:490-497. [PMID: 30476077 PMCID: PMC6383859 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izy349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The bioactive metabolites of omega 3 and omega 6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 and ω-6) are known as oxylipins and endocannabinoids (eCBs). These lipid metabolites are involved in prompting and resolving the inflammatory response that leads to the onset of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study aims to quantify these bioactive lipids in the colonic mucosa and to evaluate the potential link to cytokine gene expression during inflammatory events in ulcerative colitis (UC). METHODS Colon biopsies were taken from 15 treatment-naïve UC patients, 5 deep remission UC patients, and 10 healthy controls. Thirty-five oxylipins and 11 eCBs were quantified by means of ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Levels of mRNA for 10 cytokines were measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Levels of ω-6-related oxylipins were significantly elevated in treatment-naïve patients with respect to controls, whereas the levels of ω-3 eCBs were lower. 15S-Hydroxy-eicosatrienoic acid (15S-HETrE) was significantly upregulated in UC deep remission patients compared with controls. All investigated cytokines had significantly higher mRNA levels in the inflamed mucosa of treatment-naïve UC patients. Cytokine gene expression was positively correlated with several ω-6 arachidonic acid-related oxylipins, whereas negative correlation was found with lipoxin, prostacyclin, and the eCBs. CONCLUSIONS Increased levels of ω-6-related oxylipins and decreased levels of ω-3-related eCBs are associated with the debut of UC. This highlights the altered balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory lipid mediators in IBD and suggests potential targets for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Diab
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Rania Al-Mahdi
- Research Group of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Terkel Hansen
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Einar Jensen
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Rasmus Goll
- Research Group of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Thomas Moritz
- Swedish Metabolomics Center, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jon Florholmen
- Research Group of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Guro Forsdahl
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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22
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Laganà B, Zullo A, Scribano ML, Chimenti MS, Migliore A, Picchianti Diamanti A, Lorenzetti R, Scolieri P, Ridola L, Ortona E, Pierdominici M, Bruzzese V. Sex Differences in Response to TNF-Inhibiting Drugs in Patients With Spondyloarthropathies or Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:47. [PMID: 30745872 PMCID: PMC6360251 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Spondyloarthritis (SpA) and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic inflammatory diseases characterized by an aberrant immune response and inflammation with a key role for TNF in their pathogenesis. Accordingly, TNF-inhibiting therapy (TNFi) has dramatically improved the management of these diseases. However, about 30% of patients discontinue TNFi for lack of response, loss of response, and side effects and/or adverse events. Thus, the possibility to identify in advance those patients who will have a good response to TNFi would be extremely beneficial. The aim of this study was to investigate differences between males and females with either SpA or IBD in response to TNFi molecules, i.e., infliximab (IFX) and adalimumab (ADA), considering the reasons for TNFi withdraw. Data of 594 patients, 349 with IBD (M/F: 194/155) and 245 with SpA (M/F: 123/122), previously unexposed to TNFi, were collected. In the IBD group, the rate of female patients discontinuing ADA was significantly higher than that of male patients (p = 0.03). No difference emerged according to the distribution of reason for discontinuation. Otherwise, a similar discontinuation rate between female and male patients receiving IFX therapy was observed. In the SpA group, the overall discontinuation rate was not different between males and females both for ADA and IFX. However, in patients treated with ADA, males interrupted therapy more frequently than females due to lack of response (p = 0.03). In conclusion, the assessment of sex differences in TNFi response could help physicians personalize the therapeutic approach in a sex-oriented perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Laganà
- Autoimmune Disease Unit, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Zullo
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Nuovo Regina Margherita Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Alberto Migliore
- Rheumatology Unit, San Pietro Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Lorenzetti
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Nuovo Regina Margherita Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Palma Scolieri
- Rheumatology Unit, Nuovo Regina Margherita Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Ridola
- Gastroenterology Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Polo Pontino, Latina, Italy
| | - Elena Ortona
- Center for Gender Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Pierdominici
- Center for Gender Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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Heidarian F, Alebouyeh M, Shahrokh S, Balaii H, Zali MR. Altered fecal bacterial composition correlates with disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease and the extent of IL8 induction. Curr Res Transl Med 2019; 67:41-50. [PMID: 30685379 DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY In this study we investigated the presence and relative abundance of important genera of the gut microbiota in IBD patients and their role in induction of IL8 in a cell culture model. PATIENTS AND METHODS Stool samples of IBD patients and healthy controls were collected and relative diversity of thirteen bacterial families was measured using quantitative real-time PCR assay. Moreover, filtrate of the stool samples was used for treatment of HT-29 cell line to analyze involvement of diversity of the fecal bacterial communities in the extent of IL8 induction. RESULTS Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Prevotella spp., and Methanobrevibacterium were significantly less abundant in IBD patients (UC, N = 22; CD, N = 7) compared with control group (N = 29). Increase in relative amounts of Haemophilus, Streptococcus spp., and H. pylori were detected in IBD patients, which was not statistically significant. Relative decrease in amount of Bacteroides spp., Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and Prevotella spp. were found in UC patients with disease activity score greater than 4; however, higher levels of Streptococcus and Haemophilus were detected in the patients who were at flares. A relationship between the reduction of Haemophilus spp. and higher BMI was shown in IBD patients. Expression of IL8 was significantly higher in the treated cells by the fecal inoculates of IBD patients. Increase in relative amounts of Enterobacteriacea showed a correlation with the higher level of IL8 induction in both groups. CONCLUSIONS These results showed that changes in the fecal microbiota composition could affect disease activity, BMI, and IL8 induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Heidarian
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Biology, School of Basic Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Alebouyeh
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Shabnam Shahrokh
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hedieh Balaii
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Tatiya-Aphiradee N, Chatuphonprasert W, Jarukamjorn K. Immune response and inflammatory pathway of ulcerative colitis. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 30:1-10. [PMID: 30063466 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2018-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an idiopathic relapsing inflammatory disease. Although the etiology of UC remains unclear, it could be characterized by inflammation of the intestinal mucosa, starting from the rectum and potentially involving the entire colon. The immune response and inflammatory pathway of UC have shown that tissue damage is driven by dynamic and complexes of cells and cytokines. Various types of cells, including antigen-presenting cells (dendritic cells and macrophages), T helper cells, regulatory T cells, and natural killer T cells, play a crucial role in UC pathogenesis by regulation, suppression, and maintenance of inflammation. Moreover, cytokine networks become an important part due to their signaling function, which is indispensable for cell communication. Pro-inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-9, IL-13, and IL-33] play significant roles in upregulation, while anti-inflammatory cytokines (transforming growth factor-β, IL-10, and IL-37) play significant roles in downregulation of disease progression. The pathogenesis of UC consists of immuno-inflammatory pathways related to the multiple components of the intestine, including the epithelial barrier, commensal microflora, antigen recognition, dysregulation of immunological responses, leukocyte recruitment, and genetic factors. The understanding of immuno-inflammatory pathways of UC might lead to the development of a specific therapy and/or a novel treatment that could be more efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitima Tatiya-Aphiradee
- Research Group for Pharmaceutical Activities of Natural Products Using Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (PANPB), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Waranya Chatuphonprasert
- Research Group for Pharmaceutical Activities of Natural Products Using Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (PANPB), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, Thailand
| | - Kanokwan Jarukamjorn
- Research Group for Pharmaceutical Activities of Natural Products Using Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (PANPB), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Gomes RG, Brito CAAD, Martinelli VF, Santos RND, Gomes FODS, Peixoto CA, Crispim JO, Diniz GTN, Donadi EA, Lucena-Silva N. HLA-G is expressed in intestinal samples of ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease patients and HLA-G5 expression is differentially correlated with TNF and IL-10 cytokine expression. Hum Immunol 2018; 79:477-484. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Branchford BR, Carpenter SL. The Role of Inflammation in Venous Thromboembolism. Front Pediatr 2018; 6:142. [PMID: 29876337 PMCID: PMC5974100 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2018.00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Venous thromboembolism (VTE), comprising deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and pulmonary embolism (PE), is becoming increasingly recognized as a cause of morbidity and mortality in pediatrics, particularly among hospitalized children. Furthermore, evidence is accumulating that suggests the inflammatory response may be a cause, as well as consequence, of VTE, but current anticoagulation treatment regimens are not designed to inhibit inflammation. In fact, many established clinical VTE risk factors such as surgery, obesity, cystic fibrosis, sepsis, systemic infection, cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, and lupus likely modulate thrombosis through inflammatory mediators. Unlike other traumatic mechanisms of thrombosis involving vascular transection and subsequent exposure of subendothelial collagen and other procoagulant extracellular matrix materials, inflammation of the vessel wall may initiate thrombosis on an intact vein. Activation of endothelial cells, platelets, and leukocytes with subsequent formation of microparticles can trigger the coagulation system through the induction of tissue factor (TF). Identification of biomarkers to evaluate VTE risk could be of great use to the clinician caring for a patient with inflammatory disease to guide decisions regarding the risk:benefit ratio of various types of potential thromboprophylaxis strategies, or suggest a role for anti-inflammatory therapy. Unfortunately, no such validated inflammatory scoring system yet exists, though research in this area is ongoing. Elevation of C-reactive protein, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha during a response to systemic inflammation have been associated with increased VTE risk. Consequent platelet activation enhances the prothrombotic state, leading to VTE development, particularly in patients with other risk factors, most notably central venous catheters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian R Branchford
- University of Colorado Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Pediatric Hematology, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Shannon L Carpenter
- Kansas City Regional Hemophilia Treatment Center, Pediatric Hematology, UMKC School of Medicine and Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas, CO, United States
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27
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Kordjazy N, Haj-Mirzaian A, Haj-Mirzaian A, Rohani MM, Gelfand EW, Rezaei N, Abdolghaffari AH. Role of toll-like receptors in inflammatory bowel disease. Pharmacol Res 2017; 129:204-215. [PMID: 29155256 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is the chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Recently, studies of the interplay between the adaptive and innate immune responses have provided a better understanding of the immunopathogenesis of inflammatory disorders such as IBD, as well as identification of novel targets for more potent interventions. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a class of proteins that play a significant role in the innate immune system and are involved in inflammatory processes. Activation of TLR signal transduction pathways lead to the induction of numerous genes that function in host defense, including those for inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and antigen presenting molecules. It was proposed that TLR mutations and dysregulation are major contributing factors to the predisposition and susceptibility to IBD. Thus, modulating TLRs represent an innovative immunotherapeutic approach in IBD therapy. This article outlines the role of TLRs in IBD, focusing on both animal and human studies; the role of TLR-targeted agonists or antagonists as potential therapeutic agents in the different stages of the disease is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastaran Kordjazy
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arvin Haj-Mirzaian
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Shahid Beheshti Universtity of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arya Haj-Mirzaian
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mojtaba Rohani
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Erwin W Gelfand
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Amir Hossein Abdolghaffari
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Gastrointestinal Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
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28
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Gawrońska B, Matowicka-Karna J, Kralisz M, Kemona H. Markers of inflammation and influence of nitric oxide on platelet activation in the course of ulcerative colitis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:68108-68114. [PMID: 28978100 PMCID: PMC5620240 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis is a non-specific inflammatory bowel disease of unknown etiology. We investigated whether severe form of ulcerative colitis may lead to increased number of platelets, changes in platelet parameters and their activation. To address our objectives, we measured concentrations of nitric oxide and markers of inflammation. We found increased number of low-volume platelets in a group of affected patients. However, their activity was not as high as expected. In addition to that we observed eight times higher concentration of nitric oxide in patients suffering from ulcerative colitis than in healthy individuals. Besides, severe form of the disease manifested itself with increased concentrations of interleukine 6, matrix metalloproteinase-9 and neopterin. Based on the results we propose that high amounts of nitric oxide inhibit platelet activation in severe form of ulcerative colitis. Moreover, our observations regarding interleukine 6, matrix metalloproteinase-9 and neopterin suggest that they may become useful markers of active form of ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Gawrońska
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Joanna Matowicka-Karna
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Maciej Kralisz
- Department of Internal Diseases and Gastroenterology, The Sniadecki Regional Hospital in Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Halina Kemona
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
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29
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López-Posadas R, Neurath MF, Atreya I. Molecular pathways driving disease-specific alterations of intestinal epithelial cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:803-826. [PMID: 27624395 PMCID: PMC11107577 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2363-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Due to the fact that chronic inflammation as well as tumorigenesis in the gut is crucially impacted by the fate of intestinal epithelial cells, our article provides a comprehensive overview of the composition, function, regulation and homeostasis of the gut epithelium. In particular, we focus on those aspects which were found to be altered in the context of inflammatory bowel diseases or colorectal cancer and also discuss potential molecular targets for a disease-specific therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío López-Posadas
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus F Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Imke Atreya
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
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30
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Iboshi Y, Nakamura K, Fukaura K, Iwasa T, Ogino H, Sumida Y, Ihara E, Akiho H, Harada N, Nakamuta M. Increased IL-17A/IL-17F expression ratio represents the key mucosal T helper/regulatory cell-related gene signature paralleling disease activity in ulcerative colitis. J Gastroenterol 2017; 52:315-326. [PMID: 27178567 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-016-1221-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND T helper (Th) and regulatory T (Treg) cell-related cytokines are implicated in inflammatory bowel diseases, including ulcerative colitis (UC). While these cytokines are generally upregulated in inflamed mucosae, the key cytokine profile explaining disease severity has not been determined. METHODS The Rachmilewitz endoscopic index (REI) was assessed in 61 UC patients undergoing colonoscopy. Biopsies obtained from inflamed (REI 3-12) and noninflamed (REI 0-2) areas were analyzed by quantitative PCR for expression of mRNAs encoding cytokines and transcription factors related to Th1 (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-12p35, IL-12p40, and T-bet), Th2 (IL-4, IL-13, IL-33, and GATA3), Th17 (IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23p19, IL-6, and RORC), Th9 (IL-9, IRF4, and PU.1), and Treg (TGF-β and Foxp3). Expression patterns associated with higher REI were determined by univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS Despite general upregulation, none of these mRNAs showed univariate correlation with REI in inflamed samples. Multiple regression analysis, however, found that joint expression of IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-21, RORC, and TGF-β was significantly predictive of REI (P < 0.0002, R2 = 0.380), with major individual contributions by IL-17A (P < 0.0001) and IL-17F (P < 0.0001), which were associated with increased and decreased REI, respectively. Partial correlation analysis, validating this model, indicated differences between IL-17A and IL-17F in correlating with other targets. The IL-17A/IL-17F ratio showed a significant correlation with REI (r = 0.5124, P < 0.0001), whereas no other mRNAs were essentially predictive of REI. CONCLUSIONS Mucosal IL-17A/IL-17F ratio significantly correlates with endoscopic score in UC patients, accompanied by their disparate interactions with other Th/Treg-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichiro Iboshi
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Kyushu Medical Center, Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakamura
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Keita Fukaura
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Iwasa
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Haruei Ogino
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kitakyushu Municipal Medical Center, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Yorinobu Sumida
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kyushu Medical Center, Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Eikichi Ihara
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hirotada Akiho
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kitakyushu Municipal Medical Center, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Naohiko Harada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kyushu Medical Center, Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Makoto Nakamuta
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kyushu Medical Center, Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization, Fukuoka, Japan
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Luo M, Yeruva S, Liu Y, Chodisetti G, Riederer B, Menon MB, Tachibana K, Doi T, Seidler UE. IL-1β-Induced Downregulation of the Multifunctional PDZ Adaptor PDZK1 Is Attenuated by ERK Inhibition, RXRα, or PPARα Stimulation in Enterocytes. Front Physiol 2017; 8:61. [PMID: 28223944 PMCID: PMC5293818 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The PDZ adaptor protein PDZK1 modulates the membrane expression and function of a variety of intestinal receptors and ion/nutrient transporters. Its expression is strongly decreased in inflamed intestinal mucosa of mice and IBD patients. Aim and Methods: We investigated whether the inflammation-associated PDZK1 downregulation is a direct consequence of proinflammatory cytokine release by treating intestinal Caco-2BBE cells with TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-1β, and analysing PDZK1 promotor activity, mRNA and protein expression. Results: IL-1β was found to significantly decrease PDZK1 promoter activity, mRNA and protein expression in Caco-2BBE cells. A distal region of the hPDZK1 promoter was identified to be important for basal expression and IL-1β-responsiveness. This region harbors the retinoid acid response element RARE as well as binding sites for transcription factors involved in IL-β downstream signaling. ERK1/2 inhibition by the specific MEK1/2 inhibitors PD98059/U0126 significantly attenuated the IL-1β mediated downregulation of PDZK1, while NF-κB, p38 MAPK, and JNK inhibition did not. Expression of the nuclear receptors RXRα and PPARα was decreased in inflamed colonic-mucosa of ulcerative colitis patients and in IL-1β-treated Caco2-BBE cells. Moreover, the RAR/RXR ligand 9-cis retinoic acid and the PPARα-agonist GW7647 stimulated PDZK1 mRNA and protein expression and attenuated IL-1β-mediated inhibition. Conclusions: The strong decrease in PDZK1 expression during intestinal inflammation may be in part a consequence of IL-1β-mediated RXRα and PPARα repression and can be attenuated by agonists for either nuclear receptor, or by ERK1/2 inhibition. The negative consequences of inflammation-induced PDZK1 downregulation on epithelial transport-function may thus be amenable to pharmacological therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical SchoolHannover, Germany; Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Sunil Yeruva
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School Hannover, Germany
| | - Yongjian Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical SchoolHannover, Germany; Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Giriprakash Chodisetti
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School Hannover, Germany
| | - Brigitte Riederer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School Hannover, Germany
| | - Manoj B Menon
- Department of Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School Hannover, Germany
| | - Keisuke Tachibana
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University Osaka, Japan
| | - Takefumi Doi
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University Osaka, Japan
| | - Ursula E Seidler
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School Hannover, Germany
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Yamamoto T, Tanaka T, Yokoyama T, Shimoyama T, Ikeuchi H, Uchino M, Watanabe T. Efficacy of granulocyte and monocyte apheresis for antibiotic-refractory pouchitis after proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis: an open-label, prospective, multicentre study. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2017; 10:199-206. [PMID: 28203278 PMCID: PMC5298477 DOI: 10.1177/1756283x16679348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Granulocyte and monocyte apheresis (GMA) has shown therapeutic efficacy in active ulcerative colitis (UC). We thought that in patients with pouchitis after proctocolectomy for UC, GMA might produce immunological effects in the intestinal mucosa, and improve clinical symptoms. This prospective study was to evaluate the efficacy of GMA for antibiotic-refractory pouchitis after proctocolectomy for UC. METHODS A total of 13 patients with pouchitis disease activity index (PDAI) > 7 unresponsive to 2 weeks of antibiotic therapy were included. All patients received 10 GMA sessions at 2 sessions/week over 5 consecutive weeks. The primary endpoints were response (a decrease of ⩾3 points in the PDAI) and remission (PDAI < 4). Secondary endpoints included reduction of white blood cells (WBCs), C-reactive protein (CRP), faecal markers (calprotectin and lactoferrin), reduction of the PDAI endoscopic subscore, and GMA safety. RESULTS The median PDAI score was significantly decreased from 11 (range, 9-15) at entry to 9 (range, 6-13) after the GMA therapy (p = 0.02). A total of six patients (46%) responded to the treatment, but none achieved remission. The median endoscopic subscore (maximum: 6) was 5 (range, 4-6) at entry and 5 (range, 1-6) after the treatment (p = 0.10). None of the laboratory markers (WBCs, CRP, faecal calprotectin and lactoferrin) significantly changed during the treatment. Transient adverse events (AEs) were observed in two patients (15%), dyspnoea in one and headache in one. The AEs were not serious, and all patients completed the 10 GMA sessions. CONCLUSIONS GMA has a good safety profile, but its efficacy appears to be limited in the management of chronic refractory pouchitis. However, a large controlled study should be conducted to evaluate the efficacy of GMA therapy in patients with pouchitis at an earlier clinical stage, before the disease has become refractory to conventional medical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Surgery & Inflammatory Bowel Disease Centre, Yokkaichi Hazu Medical Centre, Yokkaichi, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Tanaka
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Yokoyama
- Department of Surgery, Yokoyama Hospital for Gastroenterological Diseases (current affiliation: Yokoyama IBD Clinic), Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takahiro Shimoyama
- Department of Surgery & Inflammatory Bowel Disease Centre, Yokkaichi Hazu Medical Centre, Yokkaichi, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ikeuchi
- Department of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Motoi Uchino
- Department of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
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Abstract
The molecular mechanism of neuronal loss and synaptic damage in Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and Lewy body dementia (LBD) is poorly understood and could differ among different types of neurodegenerative processes. However, the presence of neuroinflammation is a common feature of dementia. In this setting, reactive microgliosis, oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction are associated with the pathogenesis of all types of neurodegenerative dementia. Moreover, an increased body of evidence suggests that microglia may play a central role in AD progression. In this paper, we review the scientific literature on neuroinflammation related to the most common neurodegenerative dementias (AD, PDD, FTD and LBD) focussing on the possible molecular mechanisms and the available clinical evidence. Furthermore, we discuss the neuroimaging techniques that are currently used for the study of neuroinflammation in human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Pasqualetti
- Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, 1st Floor B Block, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
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Allais L, Kumar S, Debusschere K, Verschuere S, Maes T, De Smet R, Conickx G, De Vos M, Laukens D, Joos GF, Brusselle GG, Elewaut D, Cuvelier CA, Bracke KR. The Effect of Cigarette Smoke Exposure on the Development of Inflammation in Lungs, Gut and Joints of TNFΔARE Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141570. [PMID: 26523550 PMCID: PMC4629889 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory cytokine TNF-α is a central mediator in many immune-mediated diseases, such as Crohn’s disease (CD), spondyloarthritis (SpA) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Epidemiologic studies have shown that cigarette smoking (CS) is a prominent common risk factor in these TNF-dependent diseases. We exposed TNFΔARE mice; in which a systemic TNF-α overexpression leads to the development of inflammation; to 2 or 4 weeks of air or CS. We investigated the effect of deregulated TNF expression on CS-induced pulmonary inflammation and the effect of CS exposure on the initiation and progression of gut and joint inflammation. Upon 2 weeks of CS exposure, inflammation in lungs of TNFΔARE mice was significantly aggravated. However, upon 4 weeks of CS-exposure, this aggravation was no longer observed. TNFΔARE mice have no increases in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and a diminished neutrophil response in the lungs after 4 weeks of CS exposure. In the gut and joints of TNFΔARE mice, 2 or 4 weeks of CS exposure did not modulate the development of inflammation. In conclusion, CS exposure does not modulate gut and joint inflammation in TNFΔARE mice. The lung responses towards CS in TNFΔARE mice however depend on the duration of CS exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liesbeth Allais
- Department of Medical and Forensic Pathology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- * E-mail: ;
| | - Smitha Kumar
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary diseases, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karlijn Debusschere
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Tania Maes
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary diseases, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rebecca De Smet
- Department of Medical and Forensic Pathology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Griet Conickx
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary diseases, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Martine De Vos
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Debby Laukens
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guy F. Joos
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary diseases, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guy G. Brusselle
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary diseases, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dirk Elewaut
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Claude A. Cuvelier
- Department of Medical and Forensic Pathology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ken R. Bracke
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary diseases, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- * E-mail: ;
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35
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Abstract
Genetic factors play a significant role in determining inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) susceptibility. Epidemiologic data support genetic contribution to the pathogenesis of IBD, which include familial aggregation, twin studies, and racial and ethnic differences in disease prevalence. Recently, several new genes have been identified to be involved in the genetic susceptibility to IBD. The characterization of novel genes potentially will lead to the identification of therapeutic agents and clinical assessment of phenotype and prognosis in patients with IBD. The development of genetic markers associated with clinical outcomes in patients with IBD will be very important in the future. The progress of molecular biology tools (microarrays, proteomics, and epigenetics) have progressed the field of the genetic markers discovery. The advances in bioinformatics coupled with cross-disciplinary collaborations have greatly enhanced our ability to retrieve, characterize, and analyze large amounts of data generated by the technological advances. The techniques available for markers development are genomics (single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping, pharmacogenetics, and gene expression analyses) and proteomics. This could be a potential great benefit in predicting the course of disease in individual patients and in guiding appropriate medical therapy.
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Pathak S, Grillo AR, Scarpa M, Brun P, D'Incà R, Nai L, Banerjee A, Cavallo D, Barzon L, Palù G, Sturniolo GC, Buda A, Castagliuolo I. MiR-155 modulates the inflammatory phenotype of intestinal myofibroblasts by targeting SOCS1 in ulcerative colitis. Exp Mol Med 2015; 47:e164. [PMID: 25998827 PMCID: PMC4454995 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2015.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal levels of microRNA (miR)-155, which regulate inflammation and immune responses, have been demonstrated in the colonic mucosa of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), although its role in disease pathophysiology is unknown. We investigated the role of miR-155 in the acquisition and maintenance of an activated phenotype by intestinal myofibroblasts (IMF), a key cell population contributing to mucosal damage in IBD. IMF were isolated from colonic biopsies of healthy controls, ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) patients. MiR-155 in IMF was quantified by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR in basal condition and following exposure to TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or TGF-β1. The effects of miR-155 mimic or inhibitor transfection on cytokine release and suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) expression were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blot, respectively. Regulation of the target gene SOCS1 expression by miR-155 was assessed using luciferase reporter construct. We found that miR-155 was significantly upregulated in UC as compared with control- and CD-derived IMF. Moreover, TNF-α and LPS, but not TGF-β1 and IL-1β, significantly increased miR-155 expression in IMF. Ectopic expression of miR-155 in control IMF augmented cytokines release, whereas it downregulated SOCS1 expression. MiR-155 knockdown in UC-IMF reduced cytokine production and enhanced SOCS1 expression. Luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that miR-155 directly targets SOCS1. Moreover, silencing of SOCS1 in control IMF significantly increased IL-6 and IL-8 release. In all, our data suggest that inflammatory mediators induce miR-155 expression in IMF of patients with UC. By downregulating the expression of SOCS1, miR-155 wires IMF inflammatory phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surajit Pathak
- 1] Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology DISCOG, University of Padova, Padova, Italy [2] Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessia Rosaria Grillo
- 1] Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology DISCOG, University of Padova, Padova, Italy [2] Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Melania Scarpa
- Oncological Surgery Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Paola Brun
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Renata D'Incà
- Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology DISCOG, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Nai
- 1] Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology DISCOG, University of Padova, Padova, Italy [2] Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Antara Banerjee
- Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology DISCOG, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Donatella Cavallo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Luisa Barzon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giorgio Palù
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giacomo Carlo Sturniolo
- Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology DISCOG, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Buda
- Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology DISCOG, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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37
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Côté M, Poirier AA, Aubé B, Jobin C, Lacroix S, Soulet D. Partial depletion of the proinflammatory monocyte population is neuroprotective in the myenteric plexus but not in the basal ganglia in a MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Brain Behav Immun 2015; 46:154-67. [PMID: 25637482 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) patients often suffer from gastrointestinal (GI) impairments that are associated with the alteration of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons in the myenteric nervous system. Growing evidence suggests that inflammation originating from the gut may have a major impact in both the initiation and progression of PD. Here, we investigated the role of the innate immune response in neurodegeneration occurring in central nervous system (CNS) and enteric nervous system (ENS) in response to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), a neurotoxin that produces Parkinsonism in both humans and animal models. We found a strong immune response in the gut of mice treated with MPTP, as demonstrated by the prominent presence of macrophages derived from CD115(+) CD11b(+) Ly6C(Hi) monocytes, known as M1 monocytes, and increased production of IL-1β and IL-6. Partial depletion of proinflammatory M1 monocytes through intravenous injections of clodronate-encapsulated liposome protects against MPTP-induced reduction of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression in the ENS. In contrast, loss of striatal TH expression in the CNS after MPTP intoxication occurs regardless of partial monocyte depletion. Examination of brain tissue revealed that microglial activation, comprising the majority of the immune response in the CNS after MPTP injections is unaffected by M1 depletion. In vitro experiments revealed that MPTP and MPP(+) act directly on monocytes to elicit a proinflammatory response that is, in part, dependent on the MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway resulting in nitrite and proinflammatory cytokine production. Taken together, our results demonstrate a critical role for proinflammatory M1 monocytes/macrophages in DAergic alterations occurring in the GI, but not in the brain, in the MPTP model of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Côté
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Neurosciences, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - A-A Poirier
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Neurosciences, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - B Aubé
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Neurosciences, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - C Jobin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Florida, FL, USA
| | - S Lacroix
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Neurosciences, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; Faculté de médecine, Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1K 0A6, Canada
| | - D Soulet
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Neurosciences, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; Faculté de médecine, Département de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1K 0A6, Canada.
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38
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Cinnamaldehyde is the main mediator of cinnamon extract in mast cell inhibition. Eur J Nutr 2014; 54:1297-309. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-014-0810-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Boland BS, Boyle DL, Sandborn WJ, Firestein GS, Levesque BG, Hillman J, Zhang B, Proudfoot J, Eckmann L, Ernst P, Rivera-Nieves J, Pola S, Copur-Dahi N, Chang JT. Validated gene expression biomarker analysis for biopsy-based clinical trials in ulcerative colitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2014; 40:477-85. [PMID: 25041724 PMCID: PMC4143528 DOI: 10.1111/apt.12862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate and reproducible measurement of expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in colonic biopsies from patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) is essential for proof-of-concept and mechanism-of-action studies. Few studies have rigorously established the number of biopsies required for accurate and reproducible biomarker measurements. AIM To validate methods for measuring changes in gene expression in colonic biopsy samples. METHODS Twelve colonic biopsies were obtained from each of six healthy controls, six patients with inactive UC and seven patients with active UC. Mayo endoscopic scores were used as a clinical reference standard. Quantitative PCR was used to assess mRNA expression of eight known inflammatory genes. The power to detect a reduction in gene expression in active vs. inactive UC was calculated using a linear mixed effect model. RESULTS mRNA analysis of colonic biopsies is a sensitive and feasible approach for measuring inflammatory gene expression in colonic biopsies. Inflammatory biomarkers correlate with Mayo endoscopic subscores for each colonic region. For most genes, three rectal biopsies from two to four patients are required to detect changes in gene expression corresponding to active vs. inactive UC to achieve a power of 80% with an alpha of 0.05. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that systematic measurement of inflammatory biomarkers at the mRNA level can be a valuable tool for hypothesis testing, and assessment of clinical activity and response to therapy in ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigid S. Boland
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California,UCSD Digestive Diseases Research Development Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - David L. Boyle
- Clinical Translational Research Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - William J. Sandborn
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California,UCSD Digestive Diseases Research Development Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Gary S. Firestein
- Clinical Translational Research Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Barrett G. Levesque
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California,UCSD Digestive Diseases Research Development Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Joshua Hillman
- Clinical Translational Research Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Bing Zhang
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - James Proudfoot
- Clinical Translational Research Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Lars Eckmann
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California,UCSD Digestive Diseases Research Development Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Peter Ernst
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California,UCSD Digestive Diseases Research Development Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California,Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Jesus Rivera-Nieves
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California,UCSD Digestive Diseases Research Development Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Suresh Pola
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Nedret Copur-Dahi
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - John T. Chang
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California,UCSD Digestive Diseases Research Development Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
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40
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Fritze D, Zhang W, Li JY, Chai B, Mulholland MW. TNFα causes thrombin-dependent vagal neuron apoptosis in inflammatory bowel disease. J Gastrointest Surg 2014; 18:1632-41. [PMID: 24961441 PMCID: PMC4703123 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-014-2573-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of peripheral tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is well established, but its central nervous system (CNS) effects are not understood. Thrombin, another mediator of inflammation in IBD, has been implicated in CNS vagal neuron apoptosis in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV). This study evaluates DMV TNFα exposure, characterizes effects of TNFα on DMV neurons, and identifies a relationship between DMV TNFα and thrombin in IBD. METHODS 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid was administered via enema to induce colonic inflammation in rats. TNFα in serum, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and DMV tissues were determined by ELISA and DMV TNFα expression by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). TNFα was administered into the fourth intracerebral ventricle (4 V) adjacent to the DMV, with and without blockade of TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) and the thrombin receptor proteinase-activated receptor 1 (PAR1). Immunofluorescence was used to evaluate microglial activation (Cd11b) and prothrombin presence in DMV sections. Apoptosis was examined using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling (TUNEL) and activated caspase-3 immunofluorescence. RESULTS IBD is associated with increased TNFα protein in serum, CSF, and DMV tissue; DMV TNFα transcription is also increased. TNFα (4 V) caused a 54 % increase in microglial activation, a 27 % increase in DMV prothrombin protein, and a 31 % increase in vagal neuron apoptosis by TUNEL. There was a 52 % increase in activated caspase-3 immunofluorescence in TNFα-treated animals (p < 0.05). All effects of 4 V TNFα were prevented by TNFR1 blockade. TNFα-induced apoptosis was prevented by PAR1 blockade. CONCLUSIONS IBD is associated with DMV exposure to TNFα, causing excess DMV prothrombin and vagal apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Fritze
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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41
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Stanisławowski M, Wiśniewski P, Guzek M, Wierzbicki PM, Adrych K, Smoczyński M, Sworczak K, Celiński K, Kmieć Z. Influence of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand, osteoprotegerin and interleukin-33 on bone metabolism in patients with long-standing ulcerative colitis. J Crohns Colitis 2014; 8:802-10. [PMID: 24439762 DOI: 10.1016/j.crohns.2013.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic disease with periods of remission and recurrences. Dysfunction of the local immune response leads to chronic inflammation within the large intestine which triggers morphological changes in the intestinal wall as well as induces the synthesis of numerous factors that have an adverse impact on the bone metabolism. The aim of the study was to determine the expression of RANKL, OPG and IL-33 in mucosal biopsies of UC patients with long disease duration as well as serum level of these cytokines in the context of bone density and bone metabolism. MATERIALS AND METHODS The UC group consisted of 56 patients with average disease duration of 16y. The control group comprised 37 healthy individuals. Local expression of cytokines was assessed in the biopsies of colonic mucosa by the real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC), and their serum concentration was measured by ELISA. RESULTS The increased bone resorption observed in patients with UC was reflected by low bone density and high serum level of C-terminal telopeptide (CTX). Mucosal RANKL expression and serum concentration were similar in UC group and healthy subjects, however, UC patients had higher local expression of OPG and serum OPG concentration. Increased IL-33 gene expression was observed only in UC at the mRNA level. We propose that bone resorption in UC patients despite OPG up-regulation could be caused by IL-33-induced mucosal synthesis of a potent proinflammatory cytokine, such as TNF-α, known as a possible inducer of osteoclastogenesis in the way independent of RANKL.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Stanisławowski
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - P Wiśniewski
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - M Guzek
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - P M Wierzbicki
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - K Adrych
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - M Smoczyński
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - K Sworczak
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - K Celiński
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Z Kmieć
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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42
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Ślebioda TJ, Kmieć Z. Tumour necrosis factor superfamily members in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:325129. [PMID: 25045210 PMCID: PMC4087264 DOI: 10.1155/2014/325129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract of unclear aetiology of which two major forms are Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). CD and UC are immunologically distinct, although they both result from hyperactivation of proinflammatory pathways in intestines and disruption of intestinal epithelial barrier. Members of the tumour necrosis factor superfamily (TNFSF) are molecules of broad spectrum of activity, including direct disruption of intestinal epithelial barrier integrity and costimulation of proinflammatory functions of lymphocytes. Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) has a well-established pathological role in IBD which also serves as a target in IBD treatment. In this review we discuss the role of TNF and other TNFSF members, notably, TL1A, FasL, LIGHT, TRAIL, and TWEAK, in the pathogenesis of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz J. Ślebioda
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Kmieć
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
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43
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Digital image analysis of inflammation markers in colorectal mucosa by using a spatial visualization method. Pathol Res Pract 2013; 210:147-54. [PMID: 24360569 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2013.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to apply the spatial visualization method of digital images to quantitative analysis of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α in various segments of large bowel excised because of colitis ulcerosa in relation with selected clinical symptoms. Our preliminary study included 17 patients having undergone restorative proctocolectomy. Immunohistochemistry was performed for IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α. The area fraction and intensity fraction of the cytokines studied were determined by digital image analysis. The results were then categorized using Alfred Immunohistochemistry Score. The expression of IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α was significantly higher in the rectum than in colonic segments (p<0.01), and was associated with the patients' clinical condition. The method of quantitative immunohistochemistry presented here allows for searching associations between the expression of biomarkers and clinical symptoms. Evaluation of inflammatory cytokines could be recommended in the active stage of the disease with present symptoms of bloody and mucus stools. A higher expression of IL-1, IL-6 and TNF in samples beyond large intestine correlates with an intensified clinical course of the disease. In patients without bleeding and mucus symptoms present in stools, no significant correlations were found. Therefore, the assessment of cytokines during remission or clinically silent stage might not be useful.
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44
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van Lierop PPE, Swagemakers SM, de Bie CI, Middendorp S, van Baarlen P, Samsom JN, van IJcken WFJ, Escher JC, van der Spek PJ, Nieuwenhuis EES. Gene expression analysis of peripheral cells for subclassification of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease in remission. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79549. [PMID: 24260248 PMCID: PMC3832619 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective In current clinical practice, optimal treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) aims at the induction and maintenance of clinical remission. Clinical remission is apparent when laboratory markers of inflammation are normal and clinical symptoms are absent. However, sub-clinical inflammation can still be present. A detailed analysis of the immune status during this inactive state of disease may provide a useful tool to categorize patients with clinical remission into subsets with variable states of immune activation. Design By using Affymetrix GeneChips, we analysed RNA gene expression profiles of peripheral blood leukocytes from pediatric IBD patients in clinical remission and controls. We performed (un)supervised clustering analysis of IBD-associated genes and applied Ingenuity® pathway software to identify specific molecular profiles between patients. Results Pediatric IBD patients with disease in clinical remission display heterogeneously distributed gene expression profiles that are significantly distinct from controls. We identified three clusters of IBD patients, each displaying specific expression profiles of IBD-associated genes. Conclusion The expression of immune- and IBD-associated genes in peripheral blood leukocytes from pediatric IBD patients in clinical remission was different from healthy controls, indicating that sub-clinical immune mechanisms are still active during remission. As such, RNA profiling of peripheral blood may allow for non-invasive patient subclassification and new perspectives in treatment regimes of IBD patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter P. E. van Lierop
- Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sigrid M. Swagemakers
- Department of Bioinformatics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Genomics Centre, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte I. de Bie
- Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine Middendorp
- Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Janneke N. Samsom
- Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Johanna C. Escher
- Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Edward E. S. Nieuwenhuis
- Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Tumor necrosis factor-neuropeptide Y cross talk regulates inflammation, epithelial barrier functions, and colonic motility. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2013; 19:2535-46. [PMID: 24108115 PMCID: PMC4180268 DOI: 10.1097/01.mib.0000437042.59208.9f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuro-immune interactions play a significant role in regulating the severity of inflammation. Our previous work demonstrated that neuropeptide Y (NPY) is upregulated in the enteric nervous system during murine colitis and that NPY knockout mice exhibit reduced inflammation. Here, we investigated if NPY expression during inflammation is induced by tumor necrosis factor (TNF), the main proinflammatory cytokine. METHODS Using primary enteric neurons and colon explant cultures from wild type and NPY knockout (NPY(-/-)) mice, we determined if NPY knockdown modulates TNF release and epithelial permeability. Further, we assessed if NPY expression is inducible by TNF in enteric neuronal cells and mouse model of experimental colitis, using the TNF inhibitors-etanercept (blocks transmembrane and soluble TNF) and XPro1595 (blocks soluble TNF only). RESULTS We found that enteric neurons express TNF receptors (TNFR1 and R2). Primary enteric neurons from NPY(-/-) mice produced less TNF compared with wild type. Further, TNF activated NPY promoter in enteric neurons through phospho-c-Jun. NPY(-/-) mice had decreased intestinal permeability. In vitro, NPY increased epithelial permeability through phosphatidyl inositol-3-kinase (PI3-K)-induced pore-forming claudin-2. TNF inhibitors attenuated NPY expression in vitro and in vivo. TNF inhibitor-treated colitic mice exhibited reduced NPY expression and inflammation, reduced oxidative stress, enhanced neuronal survival, and improved colonic motility. XPro1595 had more protective effects on neuronal survival and motility compared with etanercept. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate a novel TNF-NPY cross talk that modulates inflammation, barrier functions, and colonic motility during inflammation. It is also suggested that selective blocking of soluble TNF may be a better therapeutic option than using anti-TNF antibodies.
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Tamura Y, Ohta H, Torisu S, Yuki M, Yokoyama N, Murakami M, Lim SY, Osuga T, Morishita K, Nakamura K, Yamasaki M, Takiguchi M. Markedly increased expression of interleukin-8 in the colorectal mucosa of inflammatory colorectal polyps in miniature dachshunds. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2013; 156:32-42. [PMID: 24148828 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2013.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 09/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory colorectal polyps (ICRPs) in miniature dachshunds were recently recognized as a major cause of large bowel diarrhea in this dog breed in Japan. ICRPs are characterized by the formation of multiple small polyps and/or space-occupying large polyps in the colorectal area and are thought to be a novel form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). To explore key mediators in the pathogenesis of ICRPs, we analyzed several pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-8, IL-12p35, IL-12/23p40, and IL-23p19) mRNA expressions in colorectal polyps in ICRP dogs by quantitative PCR. Among these cytokines, IL-8 mRNA expression was markedly up-regulated in large polyps. To examine IL-8 protein expression, we analyzed IL-8 protein level and its location in colorectal mucosal specimens of ICRP dogs by ELISA and immunofluorescence microscopy. IL-8 protein was significantly increased in large polyps and serum in dogs with ICRPs compared to controls. By immunofluorescence microscopy, IL-8 was only localized in macrophages, but not in mucosal epithelial cells or neutrophils. IL-8-positive macrophages were significantly increased in large polyps compared to controls. These results suggest that IL-8 is produced mainly by macrophages and may induce neutrophil infiltration in the colorectal area of ICRP dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
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Hjertner B, Olofsson KM, Lindberg R, Fuxler L, Fossum C. Expression of reference genes and T helper 17 associated cytokine genes in the equine intestinal tract. Vet J 2013; 197:817-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Gologan S, Iacob R, Iancu D, Iacob S, Cotruta B, Vadan R, Catuneanu AM, Constantinescu I, Barbarii L, Gheorghe C, Diculescu M. Inflammatory gene expression profiles in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis: a comparative analysis using a reverse transcriptase multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification protocol. J Crohns Colitis 2013; 7:622-30. [PMID: 23014361 DOI: 10.1016/j.crohns.2012.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Revised: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cytokines and their receptors play a critical role in the pathogenesis of the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim of this study was to investigate the expression profiles of inflammatory genes in inflamed and non-inflamed colonic tissue samples in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), and to identify molecular signatures for different IBD phenotypes. METHODS Seventy-one patients diagnosed with IBD (38 CD, 33 UC) and 15 non-IBD controls have been included in the study. For each patient, biopsy samples were obtained during colonoscopy from inflamed (L) and healthy (N) mucosa. We investigated by commercially available reverse-transcriptase multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (RT-MLPA) kit the mRNA expression of a set of 40 genes involved in inflammation: cytokines, chemokines, receptors, signal transduction molecules and transcription factors. RESULTS In L biopsies from patients with CD, higher expression levels were found for IL-4 (p=0.009) and IL-12p35 (p=0.0005), whereas in L biopsy samples from patients with UC higher expression levels were found for IL-8 (p=0.03), chemokines SCYA3 (p=0.05), SCYA4 (p=0.01) and glutathione S-transferase P1 (p=0.01). In N biopsies of patients with CD higher expression levels were found for IL-1R (p=0.01) and IL-12p35 (p=0.007), whereas in N biopsies of patients with UC higher expression levels were found for IL-15 (p=0.009) and SCYA8 (p=0.001). The logistic regression analysis has indicated that low expression levels of IL-2 and IL-10, together with higher ASCA IgG titers were independently associated with penetrating/stricturing CD. CONCLUSIONS RT-MLPA is a sensitive and effective method for the evaluation of the profiles of inflammatory genes in IBD, with potential future applications for diagnosis, phenotypic stratification and targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serban Gologan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, Bucharest, Romania
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Bamias G, Dahman MI, Arseneau KO, Guanzon M, Gruska D, Pizarro TT, Cominelli F. Intestinal-specific TNFα overexpression induces Crohn's-like ileitis in mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72594. [PMID: 23977323 PMCID: PMC3748077 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Human and animal studies have clearly established tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α as an important mediator of Crohn's disease pathogenesis. However, whether systemic or only local TNFα overproduction is required for the development of chronic intestinal inflammation and Crohn's disease remains unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the contribution of intestinal epithelial-derived TNFα to the development of murine Crohn's-like ileitis. METHODS We adapted the well-established TNF(∆ARE/+) mouse model of Crohn's disease (which systemically overexpresses TNFα) to generate a homozygous mutant strain that overexpress TNFα only within the intestinal epithelium. Intestinal-specific TNF(i∆ARE/i∆ARE) mice were examined for histopathological signs of gut inflammation and extraintestinal manifestations of Crohn's disease. The mucosal immune phenotype was characterized, and the contribution of specific lymphocyte populations to the pathogenesis of TNF(i∆ARE/i∆ARE) ileitis was assessed. RESULTS TNF(i∆ARE/i∆ARE) mice had increased mucosal and systemic TNFα levels compared to wild-type controls (P<0.001), as well as severe chronic ileitis with increased neutrophil infiltration and villous distortion, but no extraintestinal manifestations (P<0.001 vs. wild-type controls). The gut mucosal lymphocytic compartment was also expanded in TNF(i∆ARE/i∆ARE) mice (P<0.05), consisting of activated CD69(+) and CD4(+)CD62L(-) lymphocytes (P<0.05). FasL expression was significantly elevated in the mesenteric lymph nodes of TNF(i∆ARE/i∆ARE) mice (P<0.05). Adoptive transfer of mucosal TNF(i∆ARE/i∆ARE) lymphocytes resulted in ileitis in immunologically naïve severe combined immunodeficiency recipients (P<0.05 vs. wild-type controls), indicating an effector phenotype that was associated with increased production of both Th1 (IFNγ) and Th2 (IL-5, IL-13) cytokines. CONCLUSION Intestinal epithelial-derived TNFα is sufficient for the induction of Crohn's-like ileitis, but not for the occurrence of extraintestinal manifestations, in TNF(i∆ARE/i∆ARE) mice. These effects were associated with generation of effector lymphocytes within the intestinal mucosa and dysregulated apoptosis. Thus, targeted intestinal blockade of TNFα may provide an effective means to neutralize gut-derived TNFα with reduced side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgos Bamias
- 1st Department of Gastroenterology, Ethnikon & Kapodistriakon University of Athens, Laikon Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Mohamed I. Dahman
- Department of Surgery, Mercy Health System, Fairfield, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Kristen O. Arseneau
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Digestive Health Research Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Mitchell Guanzon
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Digestive Health Research Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Dennis Gruska
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Digestive Health Research Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Theresa T. Pizarro
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Digestive Health Research Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Fabio Cominelli
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Digestive Health Research Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Cytokine mucosal expression in ulcerative colitis, the relationship between cytokine release and disease activity. J Crohns Colitis 2013; 7:481-9. [PMID: 22974822 DOI: 10.1016/j.crohns.2012.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2012] [Revised: 07/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/21/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease with conflicting evidence from studies on the roles of TNFα, IL-8, TGFβ and other cytokines and characterised by neutrophil infiltration and tissue destruction. AIM To compare cytokine profiles of inflamed and non-inflamed mucosa in patients with distal UC, and matched controls. METHODS Patients were prospectively recruited, mucosal biopsies at flexible sigmoidoscopy (FS) were taken from UC patients within macroscopically inflamed and non-inflamed proximal mucosa, and from age-sex matched controls undergoing FS. Endoscopic and histological inflammation was graded. Quantitative cytokine analysis for IL-4, TNFα, IL-17A, IL-8, IL-10, TGFβ and IFNγ was carried out on tissue homogenates. Statistical comparison was by Wilcoxon signed rank pair analysis, Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman's correlation. RESULTS 69 active UC patients (54 paired non-inflamed/inflamed mucosa) and 69 controls were compared. In inflamed mucosa, elevation in IL-8 and reduction in TGFβ was measured compared with non-inflamed mucosa (p<0.001; p<0.02) and control mucosa (p<0.001; p<0.001); IL-8 was positively correlated (rs=0.481, p<0.01) and TGFβ inversely correlated (rs=0.462; p<0.01) with grade of inflammation. TNFα concentration was not significantly different. Comparisons of inflamed with non-inflamed mucosa also demonstrate significant reduction in concentration of IFNγ (p<0.001), IL-4 (p<0.005) and IL-17A (p<0.002). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that IL-8 is elevated and TGFβ is reduced in distal colitis. Lower concentration of IFNγ, IL-4 and IL-17A were also noted. TNFα levels were unchanged. These findings suggest that the inflammatory response in UC may predominantly involve IL-8 mediated neutrophil infiltration and failure of TGFβ mediated tissue healing.
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