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Yan S, Yin L, Dong R. Inhibition of IEC-6 Cell Proliferation and the Mechanism of Ulcerative Colitis in C57BL/6 Mice by Dandelion Root Polysaccharides. Foods 2023; 12:3800. [PMID: 37893693 PMCID: PMC10606498 DOI: 10.3390/foods12203800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
An exploration was conducted on the potential therapeutic properties of dandelion polysaccharide (DP) in addressing 3% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) in murine models. Subsequent assessments focused on DP's influence on inflammation, oxidative stress, and ferroptosis in IEC-6 cells damaged by H2O2. Results highlighted the efficacy of DP in mitigating weight loss, improving disease activity index scores, normalizing colon length, and alleviating histological abnormalities in the affected mice. DP repaired colonic mitochondrial damage by enhancing iron transport and inhibited iron death in colonic cells. Moreover, DP played a pivotal role in enhancing the antioxidant potential. This was evident from the increased expression levels of Nrf2, HO-1, NQO-1, and GSH, coupled with a decrease in MDA and 4-HNE markers in the UC-afflicted mice. Concurrently, DP manifested inhibitory effects on MPO activation and transcription levels of inflammatory mediators such as IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and iNOS. An upsurge in the expression of occludin and ZO-1 was also observed. Restoration of intestinal tightness resulted in decreased serum LPS and LDH levels. Thereafter, administration of DP by gavage increased fecal flora diversity and relative abundance of probiotics in UC mice. Analysis of metabolites indicated that DP counteracted metabolic disturbances and augmented the levels of short-chain fatty acids in ulcerative colitis-affected mice. In vitro studies underscored the role of DP in triggering Nrf2 activation, which in turn exhibited anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-ferroptotic properties. Summarily, DP's capacity to activate Nrf2 contributes to the suppression of ferroptotic processes in intestinal epithelial cells of UC-affected mice, enhancing the intestinal barrier's integrity. Beyond that, DP possesses the ability to modulate the gut microbiome, rectify metabolic imbalances, rejuvenate short-chain fatty acid levels, and bolster the intestinal barrier as a therapeutic approach to UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengkun Yan
- School of Food Science and Nutrition Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Agricultural Mechanization Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
| | - Lijun Yin
- School of Food Science and Nutrition Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Rong Dong
- Agricultural Mechanization Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
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2
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Fu C, Fu X, Li F, Li Z, Wang A, Jiang S, Liu C, Wang H. Integrated microRNA-mRNA analysis reveals a possible molecular mechanism of enteritis susceptibility in Litopenaeus vannamei. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 136:108699. [PMID: 36935044 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Enteritis is one of the main diseases affecting Pacific whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in recent years, and it has resulted in huge losses to the aquaculture industry. Prior to this study, the molecular mechanism underlying enteritis in L. vannamei was unclear, and comprehensive multi-omics analysis had not been conducted. In this study, 1209 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified from the hepatopancreas of L. vannamei with and without enteritis. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis showed that genes were significantly enriched in immune, metabolic, and endocrine regulatory pathways. Forty-eight significantly different microRNAs (miRNAs) were identified in the miRNA-Seq analysis. Further functional annotation analysis showed that the regulatory pathway of target gene enrichment of differentially expressed miRNAs was consistent with DEGs. Through miRNA-mRNA integration analysis, 47 meaningful miRNA-mRNA pairs were obtained, of which melanogenesis and pancreatic secretion were considered key pathways. Subsequent miRNA-mRNA interaction network analysis revealed that mja-miR-6493-3p, Mja-miR-6494, novel-198, novel-272, novel-261, novel-200, novel-183, novel-184, novel-237, and novel-192 may be key miRNAs involved in the regulation of these two signaling pathways. Finally, the RAS signaling pathway was found to inhibit the translation level of proteins in the hepatopancreas. These results suggest that target gene integration analysis of mRNA-miRNA can reveal the molecular mechanism underlying enteritis in L. vannamei and also provide valuable new insights for resisting enteritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunpeng Fu
- Shandong Peninsula Engineering Research Center of Comprehensive Brine Utilization, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Shouguang, 262700, China.
| | - Xiaopeng Fu
- Marine and Fishery Supervision Detachment of Rizhao City, Rizhao, 276800, China
| | - Fajun Li
- Shandong Peninsula Engineering Research Center of Comprehensive Brine Utilization, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Shouguang, 262700, China
| | - Zongzhen Li
- Shandong Peninsula Engineering Research Center of Comprehensive Brine Utilization, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Shouguang, 262700, China
| | - Aili Wang
- Shandong Peninsula Engineering Research Center of Comprehensive Brine Utilization, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Shouguang, 262700, China
| | - ShanShan Jiang
- Shandong Peninsula Engineering Research Center of Comprehensive Brine Utilization, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Shouguang, 262700, China
| | - Chunqiao Liu
- Shandong Peninsula Engineering Research Center of Comprehensive Brine Utilization, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Shouguang, 262700, China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
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3
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Yarani R, Palasca O, Doncheva NT, Anthon C, Pilecki B, Svane CAS, Mirza AH, Litman T, Holmskov U, Bang-Berthelsen CH, Vilien M, Jensen LJ, Gorodkin J, Pociot F. Cross-species high-resolution transcriptome profiling suggests biomarkers and therapeutic targets for ulcerative colitis. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 9:1081176. [PMID: 36685283 PMCID: PMC9850088 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1081176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a disorder with unknown etiology, and animal models play an essential role in studying its molecular pathophysiology. Here, we aim to identify common conserved pathological UC-related gene expression signatures between humans and mice that can be used as treatment targets and/or biomarker candidates. Methods: To identify differentially regulated protein-coding genes and non-coding RNAs, we sequenced total RNA from the colon and blood of the most widely used dextran sodium sulfate Ulcerative colitis mouse. By combining this with public human Ulcerative colitis data, we investigated conserved gene expression signatures and pathways/biological processes through which these genes may contribute to disease development/progression. Results: Cross-species integration of human and mouse Ulcerative colitis data resulted in the identification of 1442 genes that were significantly differentially regulated in the same direction in the colon and 157 in blood. Of these, 51 genes showed consistent differential regulation in the colon and blood. Less known genes with importance in disease pathogenesis, including SPI1, FPR2, TYROBP, CKAP4, MCEMP1, ADGRG3, SLC11A1, and SELPLG, were identified through network centrality ranking and validated in independent human and mouse cohorts. Conclusion: The identified Ulcerative colitis conserved transcriptional signatures aid in the disease phenotyping and future treatment decisions, drug discovery, and clinical trial design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Yarani
- Translational Type 1 Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark,*Correspondence: Reza Yarani, ; Flemming Pociot,
| | - Oana Palasca
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,Center for non-coding RNA in Technology and Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nadezhda T. Doncheva
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,Center for non-coding RNA in Technology and Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Anthon
- Center for non-coding RNA in Technology and Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bartosz Pilecki
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Cecilie A. S. Svane
- Translational Type 1 Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Aashiq H. Mirza
- Center for non-coding RNA in Technology and Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Thomas Litman
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Uffe Holmskov
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Claus H. Bang-Berthelsen
- Research Group for Microbial Biotechnology and Biorefining, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark,Department of Gastroenterology, North Zealand Hillerød Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark
| | - Mogens Vilien
- Department of Surgery, North Zealand Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark
| | - Lars J. Jensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,Center for non-coding RNA in Technology and Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jan Gorodkin
- Center for non-coding RNA in Technology and Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Flemming Pociot
- Translational Type 1 Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark,Center for non-coding RNA in Technology and Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,Copenhagen Diabetes Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,*Correspondence: Reza Yarani, ; Flemming Pociot,
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Suman S, Moon BH, Datta K, Kallakury BVS, Fornace AJ. Heavy-ion radiation-induced colitis and colorectal carcinogenesis in Il10-/- mice display co-activation of β-catenin and NF-κB signaling. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0279771. [PMID: 36584137 PMCID: PMC9803147 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Space radiation-induced gastrointestinal (GI) cancer risk models for future interplanetary astronauts are being developed that primarily rely on quantitative animal model studies to assess radiation-quality effects of heavy-ion space radiation exposure in relation to γ-rays. While current GI-cancer risk estimation efforts are focused on sporadic GI-cancer mouse models, emerging in-vivo data on heavy-ion radiation-induced long-term GI-inflammation are indicative of a higher but undetermined risk of GI-inflammation associated cancers, such as colitis-associated cancer (CAC). Therefore, we aimed to assess radiation quality effects on colonic inflammation, colon cancer incidence, and associated signaling events using an in-vivo CAC model i.e., Il10-/- mice. Male Il10-/- mice (8-10 weeks, n = 12/group) were irradiated with either sham, γ-rays or heavy-ions (28Si or 56Fe), and histopathological assessments for colitis and CAC were conducted at 2.5 months post-exposure. qPCR analysis for inflammation associated gene transcripts (Ptges and Tgfb1), and in-situ staining for markers of cell-proliferation (phospho-histone H3), oncogenesis (active-β-catenin, and cyclin D1), and inflammation (phospho-p65NF-κB, iNOS, and COX2) were performed. Significantly higher colitis and CAC frequency were noted after heavy-ion exposure, relative to γ and control mice. Higher CAC incidence after heavy-ion exposure was associated with greater activation of β-catenin and NF-κB signaling marked by induced expression of common downstream inflammatory (iNOS and COX2) and pro-proliferative (Cyclin D1) targets. In summary, IR-induced colitis and CAC incidence in Il10-/- mice depends on radiation quality and display co-activation of β-catenin and NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhankar Suman
- Department of Oncology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Bo-Hyun Moon
- Department of Oncology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Kamal Datta
- Department of Oncology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Bhaskar V. S. Kallakury
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Albert J. Fornace
- Department of Oncology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
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5
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Fonseca S, Carvalho AL, Miquel-Clopés A, Jones EJ, Juodeikis R, Stentz R, Carding SR. Extracellular vesicles produced by the human gut commensal bacterium Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron elicit anti-inflammatory responses from innate immune cells. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1050271. [PMID: 36439842 PMCID: PMC9684339 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1050271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) produced by gut commensal bacteria have been proposed to play an important role in maintaining host homeostasis via interactions with the immune system. Details of the mediators and pathways of BEV-immune cell interactions are however incomplete. In this study, we provide evidence for the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties of extracellular vesicles produced by the prominent human gut commensal bacterium Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (Bt BEVs) and identify the molecular mechanisms underlying their interaction with innate immune cells. Administration of Bt BEVs to mice treated with colitis-inducing dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) ameliorates the symptoms of intestinal inflammation, improving survival rate and reducing weight loss and disease activity index scores, in association with upregulation of IL-10 production in colonic tissue and in splenocytes. Pre-treatment (conditioning) of murine bone marrow derived monocytes (BMDM) with Bt BEVs resulted in higher ratio of IL-10/TNFα production after an LPS challenge when compared to LPS pre-conditioned or non-conditioned BMDM. Using the THP-1 monocytic cell line the interactions between Bt BEVs and monocytes/macrophages were shown to be mediated primarily by TLR2. Histone (H3K4me1) methylation analysis showed that Bt BEVs induced epigenetic reprogramming which persisted after infectious challenge, as revealed by increased levels of H3K4me1 in Bt BEV-conditioned LPS-challenged BMDM. Collectively, our findings highlight the important role of Bt BEVs in maintaining host immune homeostasis and raise the promising possibility of considering their use in immune therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Fonseca
- Gut Microbes and Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Ana L. Carvalho
- Gut Microbes and Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - Emily J. Jones
- Gut Microbes and Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Rokas Juodeikis
- Gut Microbes and Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Régis Stentz
- Gut Microbes and Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Simon R. Carding
- Gut Microbes and Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
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6
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Exploration of the Potential Link, Hub Genes, and Potential Drugs for Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Lung Cancer Based on Bioinformatics Analysis. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:8124673. [PMID: 36199786 PMCID: PMC9529395 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8124673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has a huge influence on global public health and the economy. Lung cancer is one of the high-risk factors of COVID-19, but the molecular mechanism of lung cancer and COVID-19 is still unclear, and further research is needed. Therefore, we used the transcriptome information of the public database and adopted bioinformatics methods to identify the common pathways and molecular biomarkers of lung cancer and COVID-19 to further understand the connection between them. The two RNA-seq data sets in this study—GSE147507 (COVID-19) and GSE33532 (lung cancer)—were both derived from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for lung cancer and COVID-19 patients. We conducted Gene Ontology (GO) functions and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways enrichment analysis and found some common features between lung cancer and COVID-19. We also performed TFs-gene, miRNAs-gene, and gene-drug analyses. In total, 32 DEGs were found. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed by DEGs, and 10 hub genes were screened. Finally, the identified drugs may be helpful for COVID-19 treatment.
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MTA1 aggravates experimental colitis in mice by promoting transcription factor HIF1A and up-regulating AQP4 expression. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:298. [PMID: 35764613 PMCID: PMC9240051 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01052-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Experimental colitis can persist as a chronic disease, accompanied with an underlying risk of development into colorectal cancer. Metastasis-associated protein 1 (MTA1), as a chromatin modifier, exerts notable association with multiple diseases, including colitis. The current study aims to investigate the mechanism of MTA1/HIF1A/AQP4 axis in experimental colitis in mice. First, experimental colitis mouse models were established using dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) and in vitro colonic epithelial cells FHC inflammation models were with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for determination of MTA1 and HIF1A expressions. It was found that MTA1 and HIF1A were both highly-expressed in experimental colitis samples. Results of dual-luciferase reporter gene assay and ChIP assay further revealed that MTA1 activated HIF1A, and subsequently induced AQP4 transcription to up-regulate AQP4 in experimental colitis. Following loss- and gain-function, the effects of MTA1/HIF1A/AQP4 axis on apoptosis and viability of colon epithelial cells were detected by a combination of TUNEL staining and flow cytometry, and CCK-8 assay. It was observed that silencing of MAT1 in the FHC and NCM460 cells reduced IL-1β and TNF-α expressions induced by LPS. Meanwhile, AQP4 promoted LPS-induced inflammation, and exacerbated apoptosis of colon epithelial cells and augmented experimental colitis development in mice. In vivo experiments further verified that TGN-020 treatment effectively alleviated DSS-induced experimental colitis in mice and diminished apoptosis of colon epithelial cells. Altogether, MTA1 may promote AQP4 transcription by activating HIF1A, thus exacerbating DSS-induced experimental colitis in mice, which provides a novel direction for the treatment of experimental colitis.
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8
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Fu C, Li F, Xu C, Wang L, Tian M, Chang Y, Xin Y, Lin R. Transcriptome analysis of the potential molecular mechanism of enteritis in intestine and hepatopancreas of Litopenaeus vannamei. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2022; 42:100964. [PMID: 35092874 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2022.100964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The prawn, Litopenaeus vannamei (L. vannamei), is the most widely farmed species in the world but the incidence of enteritis in L. vannamei has increased in recent years. However, the pathogenesis of enteritis remains unclear. In this study, high-throughput sequencing was used to analyze the hepatopancreatic and intestinal transcriptome of healthy and enteritis-affected individuals from the same pond. In total, 1209 and 1608 differently-expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in the hepatopancreatic and intestinal transcriptomes, respectively. Significantly changed genes were enriched in the intestinal immune network for IgA Production, Lysosomes, Sphingolipid Metabolism and the Peroxisome Signaling Pathway. Expression of the integrin α4β7 gene was significantly increased in the intestine of L. vannamei with enteritis, while expression of 38 DEGs associated with the lysosome was significantly down-regulated. Furthermore, the expression of sphingolipid metabolism-related enzymes and superoxide dismutase (SOD) genes was also significantly decreased, indicating that abnormal autoimmune function, weak intestinal resistance to external pathogenic microbial invasion, and self-healing ability were important factors associated with enteritis in L. vannamei. In addition, the expression of trypsin and pancreatic lipase was decreased in the hepatopancreas of L. vannamei with enteritis. This study provided new insights into the possible molecular pathogenesis of enteritis in L. vannamei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunpeng Fu
- Shandong Peninsula Engineering Research Center of Comprehensive Brine Utilization, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Shouguang 262700, China.
| | - Fajun Li
- Shandong Peninsula Engineering Research Center of Comprehensive Brine Utilization, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Shouguang 262700, China
| | - Chengjiang Xu
- Shandong Peninsula Engineering Research Center of Comprehensive Brine Utilization, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Shouguang 262700, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Shandong Peninsula Engineering Research Center of Comprehensive Brine Utilization, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Shouguang 262700, China
| | - Mengyu Tian
- Shandong Peninsula Engineering Research Center of Comprehensive Brine Utilization, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Shouguang 262700, China
| | - Yuqing Chang
- Shandong Peninsula Engineering Research Center of Comprehensive Brine Utilization, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Shouguang 262700, China
| | - Yu Xin
- Shandong Peninsula Engineering Research Center of Comprehensive Brine Utilization, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Shouguang 262700, China
| | - Ruiqing Lin
- Shandong Peninsula Engineering Research Center of Comprehensive Brine Utilization, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Shouguang 262700, China
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Yang J, Germano PM, Oh S, Wang S, Wang J, Lee R, Paige H, Yang S, Henning SM, Zhong J, Jacobs JP, Li Z. Pomegranate Extract Improves Colitis in IL-10 Knockout Mice Fed a High Fat High Sucrose Diet. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2100730. [PMID: 34932869 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The study tests the hypothesis that dietary pomegranate extract (PomX) supplementation attenuates colitis in a Western diet feed IL-10 deficient (IL-10-/-) murine model. METHODS AND RESULTS Four-week-old male IL-10-/- mice are randomly assigned to a high fat high sucrose (HFHS) diet or a HFHS diet supplement with 0.25% PomX for 8 weeks. PomX supplementation lead to significantly lower histological score for colitis (2.6 ± 0.5 vs 3.9 ± 1.0), lower spleen weight (0.11 ± 0.01 vs 0.15 ± 0.02), and lower circulating Interleukin 6(IL-6) levels (15.8±2.2 vs 29.5±5.5) compared with HFHS fed controls. RNAseq analysis of colonic tissues showed 483 downregulated and 263 upregulated genes with PomX supplementation, which are mainly associated with inflammatory responses, defenses, and neutrophil degranulation. In addition, PomX treatment affects the cecal microbiome with increased alpha diversity, altered microbial composition, and increased levels of the tryptophan-related microbial metabolite indole propionate. CONCLUSION The data demonstrate that dietary PomX supplementation ameliorated colitis and lowered inflammatory markers in HFHS fed IL-10-/- mice. These data support the anti-inflammatory effects of dietary PomX supplementation for IBD and a potential mediating role of gut microbiome, suggesting the need for future clinical studies to explore the use of PomX dietary supplementation in IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieping Yang
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Patrizia Maria Germano
- Department of Medicine at the David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Research Service Department, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Suwan Oh
- Research Service Department, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Sijia Wang
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Rupo Lee
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Hayden Paige
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Scarlet Yang
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Susanne M Henning
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jin Zhong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jonathan P Jacobs
- Department of Medicine at the David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Zhaoping Li
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Medicine at the David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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10
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Dutta A, Das M. Deciphering the Role of Aquaporins in Metabolic Diseases: A Mini Review. Am J Med Sci 2022; 364:148-162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2021.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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11
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Haq S, Grondin JA, Khan WI. Tryptophan-derived serotonin-kynurenine balance in immune activation and intestinal inflammation. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21888. [PMID: 34473368 PMCID: PMC9292703 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100702r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous tryptophan metabolism pathways lead to the production of serotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine; 5‐HT), kynurenine, and several downstream metabolites which are involved in a multitude of immunological functions in both health and disease states. Ingested tryptophan is largely shunted to the kynurenine pathway (95%) while only minor portions (1%–2%) are sequestered for 5‐HT production. Though often associated with the functioning of the central nervous system, significant production of 5‐HT, kynurenine and their downstream metabolites takes place within the gut. Accumulating evidence suggests that these metabolites have essential roles in regulating immune cell function, intestinal inflammation, as well as in altering the production and suppression of inflammatory cytokines. In addition, both 5‐HT and kynurenine have a considerable influence on gut microbiota suggesting that these metabolites impact host physiology both directly and indirectly via compositional changes. It is also now evident that complex interactions exist between the two pathways to maintain gut homeostasis. Alterations in 5‐HT and kynurenine are implicated in the pathogenesis of many gastrointestinal dysfunctions, including inflammatory bowel disease. Thus, these pathways present numerous potential therapeutic targets, manipulation of which may aid those suffering from gastrointestinal disorders. This review aims to update both the role of 5‐HT and kynurenine in immune regulation and intestinal inflammation, and analyze the current knowledge of the relationship and interactions between 5‐HT and kynurenine pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabah Haq
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jensine A Grondin
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Waliul I Khan
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Laboratory Medicine, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Evaluation of the Effects of Different Bacteroides vulgatus Strains against DSS-Induced Colitis. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:9117805. [PMID: 34195297 PMCID: PMC8181088 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9117805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the strain-dependent effects of Bacteroides vulgatus on alleviating intestinal inflammatory diseases have been demonstrated, the literature has rarely focused on the underlying causes of this effect. In this study, we selected four B. vulgatus strains (FTJS5K1, FTJS7K1, FSDTA11B14, and FSDLZ51K1) with different genomic characteristics and evaluated their protective roles against dextran sulfate sodium- (DSS-) induced colitis. Compared to the other three tested strains, B. vulgatus 7K1 more strongly ameliorated the DSS-induced weight loss, shortening of the colon length, increased disease activity index scores, colonic tissue injury, and immunomodulatory disorder. In contrast, B. vulgatus 51K1 significantly worsened the DSS-induced alterations in the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) concentration and colonic histopathology. A comparative genomic analysis of B. vulgatus 7K1 and 51K1 showed that the beneficial effects of B. vulgatus 7K1 may be associated with some of its specific genes involved in the production of short-chain fatty acids or capsular polysaccharides and enhancement of its survivability in the gut. In conclusion, these findings indicate that the supplementation of B. vulgatus 7K1 is a potentially efficacious intervention for alleviating colitis and provides scientific support for the screening of probiotics with anticolitis effect.
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13
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da Silva IV, Soveral G. Aquaporins in Immune Cells and Inflammation: New Targets for Drug Development. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041845. [PMID: 33673336 PMCID: PMC7917738 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian immune system senses foreign antigens by mechanisms that involve the interplay of various kinds of immune cells, culminating in inflammation resolution and tissue clearance. The ability of the immune cells to communicate (via chemokines) and to shift shape for migration, phagocytosis or antigen uptake is mainly supported by critical proteins such as aquaporins (AQPs) that regulate water fluid homeostasis and volume changes. AQPs are protein channels that facilitate water and small uncharged molecules’ (such as glycerol or hydrogen peroxide) diffusion through membranes. A number of AQP isoforms were found upregulated in inflammatory conditions and are considered essential for the migration and survival of immune cells. The present review updates information on AQPs’ involvement in immunity and inflammatory processes, highlighting their role as crucial players and promising targets for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês V. da Silva
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Graça Soveral
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-217946461
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14
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Schmitt H, Ulmschneider J, Billmeier U, Vieth M, Scarozza P, Sonnewald S, Reid S, Atreya I, Rath T, Zundler S, Langheinrich M, Schüttler J, Hartmann A, Winkler T, Admyre C, Knittel T, Dieterich Johansson C, Zargari A, Neurath MF, Atreya R. The TLR9 Agonist Cobitolimod Induces IL10-Producing Wound Healing Macrophages and Regulatory T Cells in Ulcerative Colitis. J Crohns Colitis 2020; 14:508-524. [PMID: 31630153 PMCID: PMC7242005 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjz170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The topically applied Toll-like receptor 9 [TLR9] agonist cobitolimod is a first-in-class DNA-based oligonucleotide with demonstrated therapeutic efficacy in clinical trials with ulcerative colitis [UC] patients. We here characterized its anti-inflammatory mechanism in UC. METHODS Luminal cobitolimod administration was evaluated in an experimental dextran sodium sulfate [DSS]-induced colitis model. Cultured blood and mucosal cells from UC patients were treated with cobitolimod and analysed via microarray, quantitative real-time PCR, ELISA and flow cytometry. Intestinal slides of cobitolimod-treated UC patients were analysed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Cobitolimod administration markedly suppressed experimental colitis activity, and microarray analyses demonstrated mucosal IL10 upregulation and suppression of IL17 signalling pathways. Cobitolimod treatment was associated with significant induction of mucosal IL10+Tr1 and Treg cells and suppression of Th17 cells. TLR9 knockout mice indicated that cobitolimod requires TLR9 signalling for IL10 induction. In UC patients, mucosal TLR9 levels correlated with severity of inflammation. Cobitolimod inhibited IL17A and IL17F, but increased IL10 and FoxP3 expression in cultured intestinal UC T cells. Cobitolimod-mediated suppression of intestinal IL17+T cells was abrogated by IL10 blockade. Furthermore, cobitolimod led to heightened IL10 production by wound healing macrophages. Immunohistochemistry in intestinal biopsies of cobitolimod-treated UC patients indicated increased presence of IL10+mononuclear and regulatory T cells, as well as reduction of IL17+cells. CONCLUSION Activation of TLR9 via cobitolimod might represent a novel therapeutic approach in UC, as it suppresses Th17 cells and induces anti-inflammatory IL10+macrophages and regulatory T cells, thereby modifying the dysregulated intestinal cytokine balance. PODCAST This article has an associated podcast which can be accessed at https://academic.oup.com/ecco-jcc/pages/podcast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Schmitt
- First Department of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julia Ulmschneider
- First Department of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Billmeier
- First Department of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Vieth
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Patrizio Scarozza
- First Department of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany,Internal Medicine Department, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Sophia Sonnewald
- Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephen Reid
- Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Imke Atreya
- First Department of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Timo Rath
- First Department of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Zundler
- First Department of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Melanie Langheinrich
- Department of Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schüttler
- Department for Anesthesiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Department of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Winkler
- Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Markus F Neurath
- First Department of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Raja Atreya
- First Department of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany,Corresponding author: Prof. Raja Atreya, MD, First Department of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany. Tel: 49 9131 85 35115; Fax: 49 9131 85 35116;
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15
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Integrated omics profiling of dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitic mice supplemented with Wolfberry ( Lycium barbarum). NPJ Sci Food 2020; 4:5. [PMID: 32258419 PMCID: PMC7109062 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-020-0065-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We used a multi-omics profiling approach to investigate the suppressive effects of 2% Wolfberry (WOL)-enriched diets on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. It was observed that in mice fed the WOL diet, the disease activity index, colon shortening, plasma concentrations of matrix metalloproteinase-3 and relative mesenteric fat weight were significantly improved as compared to the DSS group. Results from colon transcriptome and proteome profiles showed that WOL supplementation significantly ameliorated the expression of genes and proteins associated with the integrity of the colonic mucosal wall and colonic inflammation. Based on the hepatic transcriptome, proteome and metabolome data, genes involved in fatty acid metabolism, proteins involved in inflammation and metabolites related to glycolysis were downregulated in WOL mice, leading to lowered inflammation and changes in these molecules may have led to improvement in body weight loss. The integrated nutrigenomic approach thus revealed the molecular mechanisms underlying the ameliorative effect of whole WOL fruit consumption on inflammatory bowel disease.
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16
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Epithelial RABGEF1 deficiency promotes intestinal inflammation by dysregulating intrinsic MYD88-dependent innate signaling. Mucosal Immunol 2020; 13:96-109. [PMID: 31628426 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-019-0211-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) contribute to the regulation of intestinal homeostasis and inflammation through their interactions with the environment and host immune responses. Yet our understanding of IEC-intrinsic regulatory pathways remains incomplete. Here, we identify the guanine nucleotide exchange factor RABGEF1 as a regulator of intestinal homeostasis and innate pathways dependent on IECs. Mice with IEC-specific Rabgef1 deletion (called Rabgef1IEC-KO mice) developed a delayed spontaneous colitis associated with the local upregulation of IEC chemokine expression. In mouse models of colitis based on Interleukin-10 deficiency or dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) exposure, we found that IEC-intrinsic RABGEF1 deficiency exacerbated development of intestinal pathology and dysregulated IEC innate pathways and chemokine expression. Mechanistically, we showed that RABGEF1 deficiency in mouse IECs in vitro was associated with an impairment of early endocytic events, an increased activation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-dependent pathway, and increased chemokine secretion. Moreover, we provided evidence that the development of spontaneous colitis was dependent on microbiota-derived signals and intrinsic MYD88-dependent pathways in vivo. Our study identifies mouse RABGEF1 as an important regulator of intestinal inflammation, MYD88-dependent IEC-intrinsic signaling, and chemokine production. This suggests that RABGEF1-dependent pathways represent interesting therapeutic targets for inflammatory conditions in the gut.
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17
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Kathrani A, Lezcano V, Hall EJ, Jergens AE, Seo YJ, Mochel JP, Atherly T, Allenspach K. Indoleamine-pyrrole 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO-1) mRNA is over-expressed in the duodenal mucosa and is negatively correlated with serum tryptophan concentrations in dogs with protein-losing enteropathy. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218218. [PMID: 31181125 PMCID: PMC6557522 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dogs with protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) have decreased serum tryptophan concentrations, which may contribute to disease pathogenesis. Indoleamine-pyrrole 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO-1) expression is associated with low serum tryptophan concentrations and is increased in the gastrointestinal tract of humans with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Therefore, the objective of our study was to determine if the mRNA expression of IDO-1 is increased in the duodenal mucosa of dogs with PLE as compared to dogs with chronic enteropathy (CE) and healthy dogs, and whether this expression is correlated with changes in serum tryptophan concentration. METHODS Our study was a retrospective study using archived paraffin-embedded duodenal biopsy specimens from 8 healthy Beagle dogs from the Iowa State University Canine Service Colony and 18 and 6 client-owned dogs diagnosed with CE and PLE, respectively at the Bristol Veterinary School. A novel RNA in situ hybridization (ISH) technology, RNAscope, was used to identify IDO-1 mRNA mucosal expression in duodenal tissues. An IDO-1 specific probe was hybridized onto 10 duodenal biopsy sections from each dog whereby RNAscope signal (mRNA expression) was quantified by a single operator using light microscopy. RESULTS Dogs with PLE had significantly higher mRNA expression of IDO-1 in the duodenal mucosa compared to healthy dogs (mucosal percentage IDO-1 positive: P = 0.0093, (mean ± S.D) control: 19.36 ± 7.08, PLE: 34.12 ± 5.98, average fold difference: 1.76 and mucosal IDO-1 H-score: P = 0.0356, (mean ± S.D) control: 45.26 ± 19.33, PLE: 84.37 ± 19.86, average fold difference: 1.86). The duodenal mucosal mRNA expression of IDO-1 was negatively correlated with serum tryptophan concentrations in dogs with PLE (mucosal IDO-1 H-score: Spearman's rank correlation coefficient = -0.94, P = 0.0048). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our study suggests that decreased serum tryptophan concentrations in dogs with PLE is associated with increased intestinal IDO-1 expression. Further studies are needed to determine potential inflammatory pathways responsible for increased expression of IDO-1 in the intestinal tract of dogs with PLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Kathrani
- Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Victor Lezcano
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Edward J. Hall
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Langford, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Albert E. Jergens
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Yeon-Jung Seo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Jonathan P. Mochel
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Todd Atherly
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Karin Allenspach
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
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18
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Couch DG, Cook H, Ortori C, Barrett D, Lund JN, O'Sullivan SE. Palmitoylethanolamide and Cannabidiol Prevent Inflammation-induced Hyperpermeability of the Human Gut In Vitro and In Vivo-A Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Double-blind Controlled Trial. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2019; 25:1006-1018. [PMID: 31054246 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izz017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS We aimed to examine, for the first time, the effect of cannabidiol (CBD) and palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) on the permeability of the human gastrointestinal tract in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo. METHODS Flux measurements of fluorescein-labeled dextrans 10 (FD10) and fluorescein-labeled dextrans 4 (FD4) dextran across Caco-2 cultures treated for 24 hours with interferon gamma (IFNγ) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) (10 ng·mL-1) were measured, with or without the presence of CBD and PEA. Mechanisms were investigated using cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1), cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2), transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), and proliferator activated receptors (PPAR) antagonists and protein kinase A (PKA), nitric oxide synthase, phosphoinositide 3-kinases, extracellular signal-regulated kinases (MEK/ERK), adenylyl cyclase, and protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors. Human colonic mucosal samples collected from bowel resections were treated as previously stated. The receptors TRPV1, PPARα, PPARδ, PPARγ, CB1, CB2, G-coupled protein receptor 55 (GPR55), G-coupled protein receptor 119 (GPR119), and claudins-1, -2, -3, -4, -5, -7, and -8 mRNA were measured using multiplex. Aquaporin 3 and 4 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A randomized, double-blind, controlled-trial assessed the effect of PEA or CBD on the absorption of lactulose and mannitol in humans taking 600 mg of aspirin. Urinary concentrations of these sugars were measured using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. RESULTS In vitro, PEA, and CBD decreased the inflammation-induced flux of dextrans (P < 0.0001), sensitive to PPARα and CB1 antagonism, respectively. Both PEA and CBD were prevented by PKA, MEK/ERK, and adenylyl cyclase inhibition (P < 0.001). In human mucosa, inflammation decreased claudin-5 mRNA, which was prevented by CBD (P < 0.05). Palmitoylethanolamide and cannabidiol prevented an inflammation-induced fall in TRPV1 and increase in PPARα transcription (P < 0.0001). In vivo, aspirin caused an increase in the absorption of lactulose and mannitol, which were reduced by PEA or CBD (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Cannabidiol and palmitoylethanolamide reduce permeability in the human colon. These findings have implications in disorders associated with increased gut permeability, such as inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Couch
- Division of Medical Sciences and Graduate Entry Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Hollie Cook
- Division of Medical Sciences and Graduate Entry Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Ortori
- Faculty of Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Dave Barrett
- Faculty of Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan N Lund
- Division of Medical Sciences and Graduate Entry Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Saoirse E O'Sullivan
- Division of Medical Sciences and Graduate Entry Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom
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19
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Fan TJ, Tchaptchet SY, Arsene D, Mishima Y, Liu B, Sartor RB, Carroll IM, Miao EA, Fodor AA, Hansen JJ. Environmental Factors Modify the Severity of Acute DSS Colitis in Caspase-11-Deficient Mice. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2018; 24:2394-2403. [PMID: 30312415 PMCID: PMC6185382 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izy244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human and mouse studies implicate the inflammasome in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases, though the effects in mice are variable. The noncanonical inflammasome activator caspase-11 (Casp11) reportedly attenuates acute dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis in mice. However, the effects of Casp11 on chronic experimental colitis and factors that influence the impact of Casp11 on acute DSS colitis are unknown. METHODS We studied the role of Casp11 in Il10-/- mice and acute and chronic DSS colitis mouse models. We quantified colonic Casp11 mRNA using quantative polymerase chain reaction and colitis using weight loss, blinded histological scoring, IL-12/23p40 secretion by colonic explants, and fecal lipocalin-2. We determined fecal microbial composition using 16S amplicon sequencing. RESULTS We detected increased colonic Casp11 mRNA in Il10-/- mice with chronic colitis, but not in mice with DSS colitis. The presence of Casp11 did not alter the severity of chronic colitis in DSS-treated or Il10-/- mice. Contrary to prior reports, we initially observed that Casp11 exacerbates acute DSS colitis. Subsequent experiments in the same animal facility revealed no effect of Casp11 on acute DSS colitis. There were pronounced stochastic changes in the fecal microbiome over this time. The majority of bacterial taxa that changed over time in wild-type vs Casp11-/- mice belong to the Clostridiales. CONCLUSIONS Casp11 does not impact chronic experimental colitis, and its effects on acute DSS colitis vary with environmental factors including the microbiota, particularly Clostridiales. Stochastic drifts in intestinal microbiota composition, even in mice in the same housing facility, should be considered when interpreting studies of acute DSS colitis models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Jia Fan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina,Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Sandrine Y Tchaptchet
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Diana Arsene
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Yoshiyuki Mishima
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina,Department of Internal Medicine II, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - Bo Liu
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - R Balfour Sartor
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina,Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Ian M Carroll
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Edward A Miao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Anthony A Fodor
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Jonathan J Hansen
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina,Address correspondence to: Jonathan J. Hansen, MD, PhD, Internal Medicine, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 7341 MBRB, CB 7032, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7032 ()
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20
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Rankin CR, Theodorou E, Man Law IK, Rowe L, Kokkotou E, Pekow J, Wang J, Martín MG, Pothoulakis C, Padua D. Identification of novel mRNAs and lncRNAs associated with mouse experimental colitis and human inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2018; 315:G722-G733. [PMID: 29953254 PMCID: PMC6293253 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00077.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a complex disorder that is associated with significant morbidity. While many recent advances have been made with new diagnostic and therapeutic tools, a deeper understanding of its basic pathophysiology is needed to continue this trend toward improving treatments. By utilizing an unbiased, high-throughput transcriptomic analysis of two well-established mouse models of colitis, we set out to uncover novel coding and noncoding RNAs that are differentially expressed in the setting of colonic inflammation. RNA-seq analysis was performed using colonic tissue from two mouse models of colitis, a dextran sodium sulfate-induced model and a genetic-induced model in mice lacking IL-10. We identified 81 coding RNAs that were commonly altered in both experimental models. Of these coding RNAs, 12 of the human orthologs were differentially expressed in a transcriptomic analysis of IBD patients. Interestingly, 5 of the 12 of human differentially expressed genes have not been previously identified as IBD-associated genes, including ubiquitin D. Our analysis also identified 15 noncoding RNAs that were differentially expressed in either mouse model. Surprisingly, only three noncoding RNAs were commonly dysregulated in both of these models. The discovery of these new coding and noncoding RNAs expands our transcriptional knowledge of mouse models of IBD and offers additional targets to deepen our understanding of the pathophysiology of IBD. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Much of the genome is transcribed as non-protein-coding RNAs; however, their role in inflammatory bowel disease is largely unknown. This study represents the first of its kind to analyze the expression of long noncoding RNAs in two mouse models of inflammatory bowel disease and correlate them to human clinical samples. Using high-throughput RNA-seq analysis, we identified new coding and noncoding RNAs that were differentially expressed such as ubiquitin D and 5730437C11Rik.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Robert Rankin
- 1Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Evangelos Theodorou
- 2Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ivy Ka Man Law
- 1Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lorraine Rowe
- 1Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Efi Kokkotou
- 2Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joel Pekow
- 3Division of Gastroenterology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jiafang Wang
- 4Division of Pediatrics, Department of Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Martín G. Martín
- 4Division of Pediatrics, Department of Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Charalabos Pothoulakis
- 1Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - David Padua
- 1Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California,5Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
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Tomusiak-Plebanek A, Heczko P, Skowron B, Baranowska A, Okoń K, Thor PJ, Strus M. Lactobacilli with superoxide dismutase-like or catalase activity are more effective in alleviating inflammation in an inflammatory bowel disease mouse model. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2018; 12:3221-3233. [PMID: 30319243 PMCID: PMC6167993 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s164559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Some lactobacilli, which possess superoxide dismutase-like activity and catalase activity naturally, have strong antioxidative properties. The aim of this study was to identify such strains and check which of them play a crucial role in alleviating intestinal inflammation. Methods We selected two Lactobacillus strains for use in animal studies: L. plantarum 30B (which has the highest catalase activity) and L. acidophilus 900 (which has the highest dismutase-like activity). Forty mice (C57B1/6J) were divided into four experimental groups with ten mice in each group. Group I (control group) was not supplemented with Lactobacillus, group II (catalase group) was orally supplemented with L. plantarum 30B, group III (dismutase-like group) was supplemented with L. acidophilus 900, and group IV (mixed group) was supplemented with both Lactobacillus strains. For 23 days, the temperature and body mass of each mouse were recorded and fecal samples for microbiological examination were collected. On day 23, the animals were sacrificed, and their intestines were removed for microbiological and histopathological studies. Results Compared to the control group, the highest drop in the body temperature was observed in groups II (P<0.05) and IV (P<0.05). Similarly, groups II (P<0.05) and IV (P<0.05) had the highest drop in body mass. Moreover, histopathological evaluation of colon fragments showed intracryptic abscesses in these groups. Group III mice showed most limited degree of inflammation. Conclusion Lactobacillus strains with dismutase-like activity are more effective in alleviating intestinal inflammation than strains producing catalase, suggesting that superoxide anion radical decomposition is crucial in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Piotr Heczko
- Department of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Poland,
| | - Beata Skowron
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Poland
| | | | - Krzysztof Okoń
- Department of Pathomorphology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Poland
| | - Piotr J Thor
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Poland
| | - Magdalena Strus
- Department of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Poland,
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Meli R, Pirozzi C, Pelagalli A. New Perspectives on the Potential Role of Aquaporins (AQPs) in the Physiology of Inflammation. Front Physiol 2018; 9:101. [PMID: 29503618 PMCID: PMC5820367 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are emerging, in the last few decades, as critical proteins regulating water fluid homeostasis in cells involved in inflammation. AQPs represent a family of ubiquitous membrane channels that regulate osmotically water flux in various tissues and sometimes the transport of small solutes, including glycerol. Extensive data indicate that AQPs, working as water channel proteins, regulate not only cell migration, but also common events essential for inflammatory response. The involvement of AQPs in several inflammatory processes, as demonstrated by their dysregulation both in human and animal diseases, identifies their new role in protection and response to different noxious stimuli, including bacterial infection. This contribution could represent a new key to clarify the dilemma of host-pathogen communications, and opens up new scenarios regarding the investigation of the modulation of specific AQPs, as target for new pharmacological therapies. This review provides updated information on the underlying mechanisms of AQPs in the regulation of inflammatory responses in mammals and discusses the broad spectrum of options that can be tailored for different diseases and their pharmacological treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Meli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Pirozzi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pelagalli
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
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Intergenerational transfer of antibiotic-perturbed microbiota enhances colitis in susceptible mice. Nat Microbiol 2017; 3:234-242. [PMID: 29180726 PMCID: PMC5780248 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-017-0075-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic exposure in children has been associated with the risk of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). Since antibiotic use in children or in their pregnant mother can affect how the intestinal microbiome develops, we asked whether the transfer of an antibiotic-perturbed microbiota from mothers to their children could affect their risk of developing IBD. Here we demonstrate that germ-free adult pregnant mice inoculated with a gut microbial community shaped by antibiotic exposure transmitted their perturbed microbiota to their offspring with high fidelity. Without any direct or continued exposure to antibiotics, this dysbiotic microbiota in the offspring remained distinct from controls for at least 21 weeks. By using both IL-10-deficient and wild type mothers, we showed that both inoculum and genotype shape the microbiota populations in the offspring. Since IL10−/− mice are genetically susceptible to colitis, we could assess the risk due to maternal transmission of an antibiotic-perturbed microbiota. We found that the IL10−/− offspring that had received the perturbed gut microbiota developed markedly increased colitis. Taken together, our findings indicate that antibiotic exposure shaping the maternal gut microbiota has effects that extend to their offspring with both ecological and long-term disease consequences.
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24
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Colgan SP, Campbell EL, Kominsky DJ. Hypoxia and Mucosal Inflammation. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2017; 11:77-100. [PMID: 27193451 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-012615-044231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sites of inflammation are defined by significant changes in metabolic activity. Recent studies have suggested that O2 metabolism and hypoxia play a prominent role in inflammation so-called "inflammatory hypoxia," which results from a combination of recruited inflammatory cells (e.g., neutrophils and monocytes), the local proliferation of multiple cell types, and the activation of multiple O2-consuming enzymes during inflammation. These shifts in energy supply and demand result in localized regions of hypoxia and have revealed the important function off the transcription factor HIF (hypoxia-inducible factor) in the regulation of key target genes that promote inflammatory resolution. Analysis of these pathways has provided multiple opportunities for understanding basic mechanisms of inflammation and has defined new targets for intervention. Here, we review recent work addressing tissue hypoxia and metabolic control of inflammation and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean P Colgan
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045; .,Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Eric L Campbell
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045; .,Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Douglas J Kominsky
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717
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25
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Incorporation of a bi-functional protein FimH enhances the immunoprotection of chitosan-pVP1 vaccine against coxsackievirus B3-induced myocarditis. Antiviral Res 2017; 140:121-132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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26
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Karwad MA, Macpherson T, Wang B, Theophilidou E, Sarmad S, Barrett DA, Larvin M, Wright KL, Lund JN, O'Sullivan SE. Oleoylethanolamine and palmitoylethanolamine modulate intestinal permeability in vitro via TRPV1 and PPARα. FASEB J 2016; 31:469-481. [PMID: 27623929 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201500132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cannabinoids modulate intestinal permeability through cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1). The endocannabinoid-like compounds oleoylethanolamine (OEA) and palmitoylethanolamine (PEA) play an important role in digestive regulation, and we hypothesized they would also modulate intestinal permeability. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) was measured in human Caco-2 cells to assess permeability after application of OEA and PEA and relevant antagonists. Cells treated with OEA and PEA were stained for cytoskeletal F-actin changes and lysed for immunoassay. OEA and PEA were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. OEA (applied apically, logEC50 -5.4) and PEA (basolaterally, logEC50 -4.9; apically logEC50 -5.3) increased Caco-2 resistance by 20-30% via transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV)-1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α. Preventing their degradation (by inhibiting fatty acid amide hydrolase) enhanced the effects of OEA and PEA. OEA and PEA induced cytoskeletal changes and activated focal adhesion kinase and ERKs 1/2, and decreased Src kinases and aquaporins 3 and 4. In Caco-2 cells treated with IFNγ and TNFα, OEA (via TRPV1) and PEA (via PPARα) prevented or reversed the cytokine-induced increased permeability compared to vehicle (0.1% ethanol). PEA (basolateral) also reversed increased permeability when added 48 or 72 h after cytokines (P < 0.001, via PPARα). Cellular and secreted levels of OEA and PEA (P < 0.001-0.001) were increased in response to inflammatory mediators. OEA and PEA have endogenous roles and potential therapeutic applications in conditions of intestinal hyperpermeability and inflammation.-Karwad, M. A., Macpherson, T., Wang, B., Theophilidou, E., Sarmad, S., Barrett, D. A., Larvin, M., Wright, K. L., Lund, J. N., O'Sullivan, S. E. Oleoylethanolamine and palmitoylethanolamine modulate intestinal permeability in vitro via TRPV1 and PPARα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa A Karwad
- School of Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Tara Macpherson
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Bo Wang
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Theophilidou
- School of Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sarir Sarmad
- Centre for Analytical Bioscience, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; and
| | - David A Barrett
- Centre for Analytical Bioscience, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; and
| | - Michael Larvin
- Graduate Entry Medical School, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.,Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Karen L Wright
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan N Lund
- School of Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Saoirse E O'Sullivan
- School of Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom;
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27
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Immunohistochemical localization of aquaporin 4 (AQP4) in the porcine gastrointestinal tract. ACTA VET BRNO 2015. [DOI: 10.2754/avb201584040321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The water channel aquaporin-4 (AQP4) is a protein widely expressed on plasma membrane of a variety of epithelial cells. In this study we investigated the expression of AQP4 in the gastrointestinal tract of the pig using immunohistochemical staining. We found no presence of AQP4 in the different regions of the pig stomach. In the porcine small intestine moderate immunoreactivity to AQP4 was detected in enterocytes (along the villi and in the bottom of the crypts), duodenal Brunner’s glands and in enteric ganglia in cells lying in close vicinity to myenteric as well as submucous neurons. In superficial epithelial cells of the colonic mucosa as well as of caecal and colonic glands a very strong immunoreactivity to AQP4 was found. Both in the myenteric and submucous ganglia of the large intestine AQP4-positive cells surrounding enteric neurons were observed. We concluded that AQP4 expression in the porcine gastrointestinal tract showed some species-dependent differences in relation to other species. Based on the presented distribution pattern of AQP4, it is likely that the aquaporin plays a role in mucous (but not acid) secretion and intestinal absorptive processes in the pig.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Current understanding of the onset of inflammatory bowel diseases relies heavily on data derived from animal models of colitis. However, the omission of information concerning the method used makes the interpretation of studies difficult or impossible. We assessed the current quality of methods reporting in 4 animal models of colitis that are used to inform clinical research into inflammatory bowel disease: dextran sulfate sodium, interleukin-10, CD45RB T cell transfer, and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). METHODS We performed a systematic review based on PRISMA guidelines, using a PubMed search (2000-2014) to obtain publications that used a microarray to describe gene expression in colitic tissue. Methods reporting quality was scored against a checklist of essential and desirable criteria. RESULTS Fifty-eight articles were identified and included in this review (29 dextran sulfate sodium, 15 interleukin-10, 5 T cell transfer, and 16 TNBS; some articles use more than 1 colitis model). A mean of 81.7% (SD = ±7.038) of criteria were reported across all models. Only 1 of the 58 articles reported all essential criteria on our checklist. Animal age, gender, housing conditions, and mortality/morbidity were all poorly reported. CONCLUSIONS Failure to include all essential criteria is a cause for concern; this failure can have large impact on the quality and replicability of published colitis experiments. We recommend adoption of our checklist as a requirement for publication to improve the quality, comparability, and standardization of colitis studies and will make interpretation and translation of data to human disease more reliable.
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Nakagawa T, Katsuno T, Noguchi Y, Mandai Y, Yoshihama S, Saito K, Maruoka D, Matsumura T, Arai M, Yokosuka O. Irsogladine Maleate Prevents Colitis in Interleukin-10 Gene-Deficient Mice by Reducing Interleukin-12 and -23 Production. Biol Pharm Bull 2015; 38:1681-8. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b15-00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoo Nakagawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology (K1), Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University
| | - Tatsuro Katsuno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology (K1), Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University
| | - Yoshiko Noguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology (K1), Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University
| | - Yasushi Mandai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology (K1), Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University
| | - Sayuri Yoshihama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology (K1), Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University
| | - Keiko Saito
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology (K1), Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University
| | - Daisuke Maruoka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology (K1), Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University
| | - Tomoaki Matsumura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology (K1), Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University
| | - Makoto Arai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology (K1), Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University
| | - Osamu Yokosuka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology (K1), Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University
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30
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Murphy SF, Rhee L, Grimm WA, Weber CR, Messer JS, Lodolce JP, Chang JE, Bartulis SJ, Nero T, Kukla RA, MacDougall G, Binghay C, Kolodziej LE, Boone DL. Intestinal epithelial expression of TNFAIP3 results in microbial invasion of the inner mucus layer and induces colitis in IL-10-deficient mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2014; 307:G871-82. [PMID: 25234043 PMCID: PMC4216993 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00020.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3; also known as A20) negatively regulates NF-κB and MAPK signals to control inflammatory responses. TNFAIP3 also protects against TNF-induced cell death. Intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) expression of TNFAIP3 improves barrier function and tight junction integrity and prevents dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced IEC death and colitis. We therefore investigated the effects of TNFAIP3 expression in IEC on immune homeostasis in the intestines of immune-compromised mice. Villin-TNFAIP3 (v-TNFAIP3) transgenic mice were interbred with IL-10(-/-) mice (v-TNFAIP3 × IL-10(-/-)) and incidence, onset, and severity of colitis was assessed. v-TNFAIP3 × IL-10(-/-) mice displayed severe, early onset, and highly penetrant colitis that was not observed in IL-10(-/-) or v-TNFAIP3 mice. V-TNFAIP3 mice displayed altered expression of mucosal cytokines, increased numbers of mucosal regulatory T cells, and altered expression of mucosal antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Microbial colonization of the inner mucus layer of v-TNFAIP3 mice was observed, along with alterations in the microbiome, but this was not sufficient to induce colitis in v-TNFAIP3 mice. The relative sterility of the inner mucus layer observed in wild-type and IL-10(-/-) mice was lost in v-TNFAIP3 × IL-10(-/-) mice. Thus IEC-derived factors, induced by signals that are inhibited by TNFAIP3, suppress the onset of inflammatory bowel disease in IL-10(-/-) mice. Our results indicate that IEC expression of TNFAIP3 alters AMP expression and allows microbial colonization of the inner mucus layer, which activates an IL-10-dependent anti-inflammatory process that is necessary to prevent colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lesley Rhee
- 1Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois;
| | - Wesley A. Grimm
- 1Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois;
| | | | | | - James P. Lodolce
- 1Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois;
| | | | | | - Thomas Nero
- 1Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois;
| | - Renata A. Kukla
- 1Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois;
| | | | | | | | - David L. Boone
- 3Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, Indiana
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Cheluvappa R, Eri R, Luo AS, Grimm MC. Modulation of interferon activity-associated soluble molecules by appendicitis and appendectomy limits colitis-identification of novel anti-colitic targets. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2014; 35:108-15. [PMID: 25243802 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2014.0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic efficacy of interferons (IFNs) in ulcerative colitis is minimal. However, IFN activity-associated molecules have been inadequately investigated. Appendicitis and appendectomy (AA), when done while young, protect against colitis development later. Our novel murine AA model protects against colitis. This therapeutic target-identifying study enumerates IFN activity-associated molecules involved in this protection. Mice with 2 laparotomies were controls (sham-sham/SS). Distal colons were harvested (4 AA-group colons and 4 SS-group colons). Microarray-analysis/reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction-validation was done from RNA from each (3-days/28-days-post-AA). Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) software was used to analyze distal colonic gene sets associated with 46 IFN activity-related genes. More AA-upregulated gene sets were associated with IFIT1, IFIT2, IFIT3, IRF7, IFI35, and IFI44 (False Discovery Rate-FDR <5% and P<0.001), although only IFIT1, IFIT2, IFIT3, and IFI44 showed individual gene upregulation (P<0.05). More AA-downregulated gene sets were associated with IRF1, IRF2, IRF4, IRF8, IRF9, IRF2BP1, IFRD1, IFRD2, and IFIH1 (FDR <5%/P<0.001); although only IRF2BP1 showed individual gene downregulation (P<0.05). There was significant upregulation (P<0.05) of IFNZ; and downregulation of IRF2BP2 and IFI30, despite no major associated GSEA differences. IFIT1, IFIT2, IFIT3, and IFI44, with profound AA-induced individual/GSEA upregulation, and their immunomodulatory/ antiproliferative activity, are the best molecules to investigate therapeutic potential. IRF4, IRF8, IRF2BP1, IFRD1, and IFRD2, owing to their profound AA-induced gene set downregulation, and because of their diverse lymphocytic activity, are good targets to competitively inhibit or to treat with exogenous products in knockout animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajkumar Cheluvappa
- 1 Department of Medicine, St. George Clinical School, University of New South Wales , Sydney, Australia
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Monocolonization of germ-free mice with Bacteroides fragilis protects against dextran sulfate sodium-induced acute colitis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:675786. [PMID: 24971344 PMCID: PMC4058166 DOI: 10.1155/2014/675786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis is inflammatory conditions of the colon caused by interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Previous studies indicated that the gut microflora may be involved in the colonic inflammation. Bacteroides fragilis (BF) is a Gram-negative anaerobe belonging to the colonic symbiotic. We aimed to investigate the protective role of BF in a colitis model induced in germ-free (GF) mice by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). GF C57BL/6JNarl mice were colonized with BF for 28 days before acute colitis was induced by DSS. BF colonization significantly increased animal survival by 40%, with less reduction in colon length, and decreased infiltration of inflammatory cells (macrophages and neutrophils) in colon mucosa following challenge with DSS. In addition, BF could enhance the mRNA expression of anti-inflammatory-related cytokine such as interleukin 10 (IL-10) with polymorphism cytokine IL-17 and diminish that of proinflammatory-related tumor necrosis factor α with inducible nitric oxide synthase in the ulcerated colon. Myeloperoxidase activity was also decreased in BF-DSS mice. Taking these together, the BF colonization significantly ameliorated DSS-induced colitis by suppressing the activity of inflammatory-related molecules and inducing the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines. BF may play an important role in maintaining intestinal immune system homeostasis and regulate inflammatory responses.
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Guo X, Jiang X, Xiao Y, Zhou T, Guo Y, Wang R, Zhao Z, Xiao H, Hou C, Ma L, Lin Y, Lang X, Feng J, Chen G, Shen B, Han G, Li Y. IL-17A signaling in colonic epithelial cells inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokine production by enhancing the activity of ERK and PI3K. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89714. [PMID: 24586980 PMCID: PMC3934915 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous data suggested that IL-17A contributes to the inhibition of Th1 cell function in the gut. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here we demonstrate that IL-17A signaling in colonic epithelial cells (CECs) increases TNF-α-induced PI3K-AKT and ERK phosphorylation and inhibits TNF-α induced expression of IL-12P35 and of a Th1 cell chemokine, CXCL11 at mRNA level. In a co-culture system using HT-29 cells and PBMCs, IL-17A inhibited TNF-α-induced IL-12P35 expression by HT-29 cells and led to decreased expression of IFN-γ and T-bet by PBMCs. Finally, adoptive transfer of CECs from mice with Crohn's Disease (CD) led to an enhanced Th1 cell response and exacerbated colitis in CD mouse recipients. The pathogenic effect of CECs derived from CD mice was reversed by co-administration of recombinant IL-17A. Our data demonstrate a new IL-17A-mediated regulatory mechanism in CD. A better understanding of this pathway might shed new light on the pathogenesis of CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Guo
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Immunology, Logistics College of Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Xingwei Jiang
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Xiao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yueling Guo
- Department of Medical Engineering, Military General Hospital of Beijing PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Renxi Wang
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Zhao
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - He Xiao
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunmei Hou
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lingyun Ma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhua Lin
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoling Lang
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiannan Feng
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guojiang Chen
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Beifen Shen
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gencheng Han
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Attenuation of intestinal inflammation in interleukin-10-deficient mice infected with Citrobacter rodentium. Infect Immun 2014; 82:1949-58. [PMID: 24566625 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00066-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-10 (IL-10) curtails immune responses to microbial infection and autoantigens and contributes to intestinal immune homeostasis, yet administration of IL-10 has not been effective at attenuating chronic intestinal inflammatory conditions, suggesting that its immune functions may be context dependent. To gain a broader understanding of the importance of IL-10 in controlling mucosal immune responses to infectious challenges, we employed the murine attaching and effacing pathogen Citrobacter rodentium, which colonizes primarily the surfaces of the cecum and colon and causes transient mucosal inflammation driven by Th17 and Th1 T helper cells. Infection induced macrophage and dendritic cell production of IL-10, which diminished antibacterial host defenses, because IL-10-deficient mice cleared infection faster than wild-type controls. In parallel, the mice had less acute infection-associated colitis and resolved it more rapidly than controls. Importantly, transient C. rodentium infection protected IL-10-deficient mice against the later development of spontaneous colitis that normally occurs with aging in these mice. Genome-wide expression studies revealed that IL-10 deficiency was associated with downregulation of proinflammatory pathways but increased expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-27 in response to infection. IL-27 was found to suppress in vitro Th17 and, to a lesser degree, Th1 differentiation independent of IL-10. Furthermore, neutralization of IL-27 resulted in more severe colitis in infected IL-10-deficient mice. Together, these findings indicate that IL-10 is dispensable for resolving C. rodentium-associated colitis and further suggest that IL-27 may be a critical factor for controlling intestinal inflammation and Th17 and Th1 development by IL-10-independent mechanisms.
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Thaker AI, Rao MS, Bishnupuri KS, Kerr TA, Foster L, Marinshaw JM, Newberry RD, Stenson WF, Ciorba MA. IDO1 metabolites activate β-catenin signaling to promote cancer cell proliferation and colon tumorigenesis in mice. Gastroenterology 2013; 145:416-25.e1-4. [PMID: 23669411 PMCID: PMC3722304 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase-1 (IDO1) catabolizes tryptophan along the kynurenine pathway. Although IDO1 is expressed in inflamed and neoplastic epithelial cells of the colon, its role in colon tumorigenesis is not well understood. We used genetic and pharmacologic approaches to manipulate IDO1 activity in mice with colitis-associated cancer and human colon cancer cell lines. METHODS C57Bl6 wild-type (control), IDO1-/-, Rag1-/-, and Rag1/IDO1 double-knockout mice were exposed to azoxymethane and dextran sodium sulfate to induce colitis and tumorigenesis. Colitis severity was assessed by measurements of disease activity, cytokine levels, and histologic analysis. In vitro experiments were conducted using HCT 116 and HT-29 human colon cancer cells. 1-methyl tryptophan and small interfering RNA were used to inhibit IDO1. Kynurenine pathway metabolites were used to simulate IDO1 activity. RESULTS C57Bl6 mice given pharmacologic inhibitors of IDO1 and IDO1-/- mice had lower tumor burdens and reduced proliferation in the neoplastic epithelium after administration of dextran sodium sulfate and azoxymethane than control mice. These reductions also were observed in Rag1/IDO1 double-knockout mice compared with Rag1-/- mice (which lack mature adaptive immunity). In human colon cancer cells, blockade of IDO1 activity reduced nuclear and activated β-catenin, transcription of its target genes (cyclin D1 and Axin2), and, ultimately, proliferation. Exogenous administration of IDO1 pathway metabolites kynurenine and quinolinic acid led to activation of β-catenin and proliferation of human colon cancer cells, and increased tumor growth in mice. CONCLUSIONS IDO1, which catabolizes tryptophan, promotes colitis-associated tumorigenesis in mice, independent of its ability to limit T-cell-mediated immune surveillance. The epithelial cell-autonomous survival advantage provided by IDO1 to colon epithelial cells indicate its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Maharshak N, Packey CD, Ellermann M, Manick S, Siddle JP, Huh EY, Plevy S, Sartor RB, Carroll IM. Altered enteric microbiota ecology in interleukin 10-deficient mice during development and progression of intestinal inflammation. Gut Microbes 2013; 4:316-24. [PMID: 23822920 PMCID: PMC3744516 DOI: 10.4161/gmic.25486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) result from dysregulated immune responses toward microbial and perhaps other luminal antigens in a genetically susceptible host, and are associated with altered composition and diversity of the intestinal microbiota. The interleukin 10-deficient (IL-10 (-/-) ) mouse has been widely used to model human IBD; however the specific alterations that occur in the intestinal microbiota of this mouse model during the onset of colonic inflammation have not yet been defined. The aim of our study was to define the changes in diversity and composition that occur in the intestinal microbiota of IL-10 (-/-) mice during the onset and progression of colonic inflammation. We used high throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene to characterize the diversity and composition of formerly germ-free, wild-type and IL-10 (-/-) mice associated with the same intestinal microbiota over time. Following two weeks of colonization with a specific pathogen-free (SPF) microbiota we observed a significant increase in the diversity and richness of the intestinal microbiota of wild-type mice. In contrast, a progressive decrease in diversity and richness was observed at three and four weeks in IL-10 (-/-) mice. This decrease in diversity and richness was mirrored by an increase in Proteobacteria and Escherichia coli in IL-10 (-/-) mice. An increase in E. coli was also observed in conventionally raised IL-10 (-/-) mice at the point of colonic inflammation. Our data reports the sequential changes in diversity and composition of the intestinal microbiota in an immune-mediated mouse model that may help provide insights into the primary vs. secondary role of dysbiosis in human IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitsan Maharshak
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill, NC USA,Department of Gastroenterology and Liver diseases; Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center; Sackler School of Medicine; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Christopher D. Packey
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill, NC USA,Department of Microbiology and Immunology; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Melissa Ellermann
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill, NC USA,Department of Microbiology and Immunology; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Sayeed Manick
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Jennica P. Siddle
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Eun Young Huh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Scott Plevy
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill, NC USA,Department of Microbiology and Immunology; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - R. Balfour Sartor
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill, NC USA,Department of Microbiology and Immunology; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Ian M. Carroll
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill, NC USA,Correspondence to: Ian M. Carroll,
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Russ AE, Peters JS, McNabb WC, Barnett MPG, Anderson RC, Park Z, Zhu S, Maclean P, Young W, Reynolds GW, Roy NC. Gene expression changes in the colon epithelium are similar to those of intact colon during late inflammation in interleukin-10 gene deficient mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63251. [PMID: 23700416 PMCID: PMC3659096 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to their role in absorption and secretion, epithelial cells play an important role in the protection of the colon mucosa from the resident microbiota and are important for the maintenance of homeostasis. Microarray analysis of intact colon samples is widely used to gain an overview of the cellular pathways and processes that are active in the colon during inflammation. Laser microdissection of colon epithelial cells allows a more targeted analysis of molecular pathways in the mucosa, preceding and during inflammation, with potentially increased sensitivity to changes in specific cell populations. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular changes that occur in early and late inflammation stages in colon epithelium of a mouse model of inflammatory bowel diseases. Microarray analysis of intact colon samples and microdissected colon epithelial cell samples from interleukin-10 gene deficient and control mice at 6 and 12 weeks of age was undertaken. Results of gene set enrichment analysis showed that more immune-related pathways were identified between interleukin-10 gene deficient and control mice at 6 weeks of age in epithelial cells than intact colon. This suggests that targeting epithelial cells could increase sensitivity for detecting immune changes that occur early in the inflammatory process. However, in the later stages of inflammation, microarray analyses of intact colon and epithelium both provide a similar overview of gene expression changes in the colon mucosa at the pathway level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E. Russ
- Food Nutrition & Health Team, Food & Bio-based Products Group, AgResearch Grasslands, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Jason S. Peters
- Food Nutrition & Health Team, Food & Bio-based Products Group, AgResearch Grasslands, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Warren C. McNabb
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- AgResearch Grasslands, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Matthew P. G. Barnett
- Food Nutrition & Health Team, Food & Bio-based Products Group, AgResearch Grasslands, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Rachel C. Anderson
- Food Nutrition & Health Team, Food & Bio-based Products Group, AgResearch Grasslands, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Zaneta Park
- Bioinformatics & Statistics, AgResearch, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Shuotun Zhu
- Discipline of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Paul Maclean
- Bioinformatics & Statistics, AgResearch, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Wayne Young
- Food Nutrition & Health Team, Food & Bio-based Products Group, AgResearch Grasslands, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Gordon W. Reynolds
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Nicole C. Roy
- Food Nutrition & Health Team, Food & Bio-based Products Group, AgResearch Grasslands, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Several gastrointestinal diseases including the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) and malignancy are associated with elevated expression of indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase-1 (IDO1). IDO1 initiates tryptophan catabolism along a pathway that generates several bioactive kynurenine-based metabolites. Promotion of T-cell-mediated tolerance and antimicrobial effects are among the variety of functions attributed to IDO1 activity. Recent advances addressing the diverse implications of gut-associated IDO1 expression are herein reviewed. RECENT FINDINGS In active IBD, IDO1 is highly expressed both in the cells of the lamina propria and epithelium. Experimental models demonstrate that IDO1 promotes gut immune homeostasis by limiting inflammatory responses and protecting the epithelium. In human colon cancer, high expression of IDO1 by the neoplastic epithelium correlates with poor prognosis. The serum kynurenine : tryptophan ratio is elevated in both active Crohn's disease and in colon cancer, suggesting this measurement may prove useful as a disease biomarker. IDO1 inhibitors have moved to clinical trials providing new hope as immunotherapy for advanced malignancy. SUMMARY IDO1 activity significantly shapes gastrointestinal disease pathophysiology and severity. Measures of IDO1 activity may be useful as a disease biomarker. Manipulation of IDO1 activity has great potential as a treatment for both inflammatory and malignancy associated gastrointestinal disease.
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Wilke VL, Nettleton D, Wymore MJ, Gallup JM, Demirkale CY, Ackermann MR, Tuggle CK, Ramer-Tait AE, Wannemuehler MJ, Jergens AE. Gene expression in intestinal mucosal biopsy specimens obtained from dogs with chronic enteropathy. Am J Vet Res 2012; 73:1219-29. [PMID: 22849683 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.73.8.1219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize mucosal gene expression in dogs with chronic enteropathy (CE). ANIMALS 18 dogs with CE and 6 healthy control dogs. PROCEDURES Small intestinal mucosal biopsy specimens were endoscopically obtained from dogs. Disease severity in dogs with CE was determined via inflammatory bowel index scores and histologic grading of biopsy specimens. Total RNA was extracted from biopsy specimens and microchip array analysis (approx 43,000 probe sets) and quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR assays were performed. RESULTS 1,875 genes were differentially expressed between dogs with CE and healthy control dogs; 1,582 (85%) genes were downregulated in dogs with CE, including neurotensin, fatty acid-binding protein 6, fatty acid synthase, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member B1, metallothionein, and claudin 8, whereas few genes were upregulated in dogs with CE, including genes encoding products involved in extracellular matrix degradation (matrix metallopeptidases 1, 3, and 13), inflammation (tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-8, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, and S100 calcium-binding protein G), iron transport (solute carrier family 40 member 1), and immunity (CD96 and carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule [CEACAM] 18). Dogs with CE and protein-losing enteropathy had the greatest number of differentially expressed genes. Results of quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR assay for select genes were similar to those for microchip array analysis. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Expression of genes encoding products regulating mucosal inflammation was altered in dogs with CE and varied with disease severity. Impact for Human Medicine-Molecular pathogenesis of CE in dogs may be similar to that in humans with inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicki L Wilke
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
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Kobayashi T, Matsuoka K, Sheikh SZ, Russo SM, Mishima Y, Collins C, deZoeten EF, Karp CL, Ting JPY, Sartor RB, Plevy SE. IL-10 regulates Il12b expression via histone deacetylation: implications for intestinal macrophage homeostasis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 189:1792-9. [PMID: 22786766 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1200042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To prevent excessive inflammatory responses to commensal microbes, intestinal macrophages, unlike their systemic counterparts, do not produce inflammatory cytokines in response to enteric bacteria. Consequently, loss of macrophage tolerance to the enteric microbiota plays a central role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases. Therefore, we examined whether the hyporesponsive phenotype of intestinal macrophages is programmed by prior exposure to the microbiota. IL-10, but not in vivo exposure to the microbiota, programs intestinal macrophage tolerance, because wild-type (WT) colonic macrophages from germ-free and specific pathogen-free (SPF)-derived mice produce IL-10, but not IL-12 p40, when activated with enteric bacteria. Basal and activated IL-10 expression is mediated through a MyD88-dependent pathway. Conversely, colonic macrophages from germ-free and SPF-derived colitis-prone Il10(-/-) mice demonstrated robust production of IL-12 p40. Next, mechanisms through which IL-10 inhibits Il12b expression were investigated. Although Il12b mRNA was transiently induced in LPS-activated WT bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), expression persisted in Il10(-/-) BMDMs. There were no differences in nucleosome remodeling, mRNA stability, NF-κB activation, or MAPK signaling to explain prolonged transcription of Il12b in Il10(-/-) BMDMs. However, acetylated histone H4 transiently associated with the Il12b promoter in WT BMDMs, whereas association of these factors was prolonged in Il10(-/-) BMDMs. Experiments using histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors and HDAC3 short hairpin RNA indicate that HDAC3 is involved in histone deacetylation of the Il12b promoter by IL-10. These results suggest that histone deacetylation on the Il12b promoter by HDAC3 mediates homeostatic effects of IL-10 in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Kobayashi
- Department of Medicine, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Diseases, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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De Preter V, Arijs I, Windey K, Vanhove W, Vermeire S, Schuit F, Rutgeerts P, Verbeke K. Impaired butyrate oxidation in ulcerative colitis is due to decreased butyrate uptake and a defect in the oxidation pathway. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2012; 18:1127-36. [PMID: 21987487 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.21894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In ulcerative colitis (UC) butyrate metabolism is impaired due to a defect in the butyrate oxidation pathway and/or transport. In the present study we correlated butyrate uptake and oxidation to the gene expression of the butyrate transporter SLC16A1 and the enzymes involved in butyrate oxidation (ACSM3, ACADS, ECHS1, HSD17B10, and ACAT2) in UC and controls. METHODS Colonic mucosal biopsies were collected during endoscopy of 88 UC patients and 20 controls with normal colonoscopy. Butyrate uptake and oxidation was measured by incubating biopsies with (14) C-labeled Na-butyrate. To assess gene expression, total RNA from biopsies was used for quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). In 20 UC patients, gene expression was reassessed after treatment with infliximab. RESULTS Butyrate uptake and oxidation were significantly decreased in UC versus controls (P < 0.001 for both). Butyrate oxidation remained significantly reduced in UC after correction for butyrate uptake (P < 0.001), suggesting that the butyrate oxidation pathway itself is also affected. Also, the mucosal gene expression of SLC16A1, ACSM3, ACADS, ECHS1, HSD17B10, and ACAT2 was significantly decreased in UC as compared with controls (P < 0.001 for all). In a subgroup of patients (n = 20), the gene expression was reassessed after infliximab therapy. In responders to therapy, a significant increase in gene expression was observed. Nevertheless, only ACSM3 mRNA levels returned to control values after therapy in the responders groups. CONCLUSIONS The deficiency in the colonic butyrate metabolism in UC is initiated at the gene expression level and is the result of a decreased expression of SLC16A1 and enzymes in the β-oxidation pathway of butyrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicky De Preter
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID) and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), University Hospital Gasthuisberg, K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Iskandar HN, Ciorba MA. Biomarkers in inflammatory bowel disease: current practices and recent advances. Transl Res 2012; 159:313-25. [PMID: 22424434 PMCID: PMC3308116 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2012.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Revised: 12/30/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis represent the two main forms of the idiopathic chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Currently available blood and stool based biomarkers provide reproducible, quantitative tools that can complement clinical assessment to aid clinicians in IBD diagnosis and management. C-reactive protein and fecal based leukocyte markers can help the clinician distinguish IBD from noninflammatory diarrhea and assess disease activity. The ability to differentiate between forms of IBD and predict risk for disease complications is specific to serologic tests including antibodies against Saccharomyces cerevisiae and perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic proteins. Advances in genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic array based technologies are facilitating the development of new biomarkers for IBD. The discovery of novel biomarkers, which can correlate with mucosal healing or predict long-term disease course has the potential to significantly improve patient care. This article reviews the uses and limitations of currently available biomarkers and highlights recent advances in IBD biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba N Iskandar
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
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Ryan SO, Cobb BA. Roles for major histocompatibility complex glycosylation in immune function. Semin Immunopathol 2012; 34:425-41. [PMID: 22461020 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-012-0309-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) glycoprotein family, also referred to as human leukocyte antigens, present endogenous and exogenous antigens to T lymphocytes for recognition and response. These molecules play a central role in enabling the immune system to distinguish self from non-self, which is the basis for protective immunity against pathogenic infections and disease while at the same time representing a serious obstacle for tissue transplantation. All known MHC family members, like the majority of secreted, cell surface, and other immune-related molecules, carry asparagine (N)-linked glycans. The immune system has evolved increasing complexity in higher-order organisms along with a more complex pattern of protein glycosylation, a relationship that may contribute to immune function beyond the early protein quality control events in the endoplasmic reticulum that are commonly known. The broad MHC family maintains peptide sequence motifs for glycosylation at sites that are highly conserved across evolution, suggesting importance, yet functional roles for these glycans remain largely elusive. In this review, we will summarize what is known about MHC glycosylation and provide new insight for additional functional roles for this glycoprotein modification in mediating immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean O Ryan
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Clinicopathological significance of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 expression in colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 2011; 106:141-7. [PMID: 22108515 PMCID: PMC3251860 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2011.513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is a tryptophan-catabolising enzyme that induces immune tolerance by modulating T-cell responses. Carcinomas may create an immunosuppressive state via IDO1 expression. Here we examined a possible contribution of IDO1 on this phenomenon and investigated whether IDO1 has prognostic value in colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS IDO1 expression was investigated by quantitative PCR and western blotting in three colon cancer cell lines, in basal state and after interferon (IFN)-γ stimulation. Semi-quantitative immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate IDO1 expression in 265 pT1-4N0-2Mx-staged CRCs. Results were related to clinical variables and correlated with amounts of CD3(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes, which were quantitatively evaluated using image analysis. RESULTS In vitro expression of IDO1 depended on IFN-γ stimulation. Higher IDO1 expression at the tumour invasion front was an independent adverse prognostic factor in pT1-4N1Mx-staged CRC. It was associated with overall survival (P=0.001) and with metachronous metastases (P=0.018). IDO1 expression was not associated with the presence of CD3(+) or CD8(+) T lymphocytes. CONCLUSION Higher IDO1 expression at the tumour invasion front is involved in CRC progression and correlates with impaired clinical outcome, suggesting that IDO1 is an independent prognostic indicator for CRC.
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Pils MC, Bleich A, Prinz I, Fasnacht N, Bollati-Fogolin M, Schippers A, Rozell B, Müller W. Commensal gut flora reduces susceptibility to experimentally induced colitis via T-cell-derived interleukin-10. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2011; 17:2038-46. [PMID: 21182023 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.21587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Accepted: 10/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regulatory cytokines are well known to modify experimental colitis in mice. The aim of this study was to elucidate the effect of interleukin (IL)-10 derived from different cellular sources and the effect of commensal gut flora in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. METHODS Wildtype (WT) and IL-10 deficient (IL-10(-/-) ) mice either harboring a characterized specific pathogen-free (SPF) gut flora or germfree were exposed to 2% DSS. Moreover, cell type-specific IL-10, IL-4, and IL-12 knockout mice and animals combining the T-cell-specific IL-10 knockout with a deficiency in IL-12 or IL-4 were exposed to DSS. RESULTS SPF IL-10(-/-) mice showed an increased susceptibility to DSS-induced colitis compared to WT mice determined by histopathology and proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine responses. Under germfree conditions, both WT and IL-10(-/-) mice were highly susceptible to DSS. IL-10 mRNA was increased upon DSS exposure in WT SPF but not in germfree mice. Mice carrying a specific deletion of IL-10 in T-cells exhibited a tendency towards an enhanced susceptibility to DSS. The lack of T-cell-derived IL-10 in combination with the lack of IL-4 increased the susceptibility to DSS colitis, as did the lack of IL-12 alone. CONCLUSIONS IL-10 is a crucial factor inhibiting the innate proinflammatory immune response induced by DSS. Intestinal bacteria are necessary for the induction of protective IL-10, which is mainly T-cell-derived. T-cell-derived IL-10 can only mediate its protective effect in a Th1-dominated milieu. If the balance is shifted towards a Th2 response, IL-10 is not protective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina C Pils
- Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.
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Vedantam G, Viswanathan VK. Unlocking the gates to inflammatory bowel disease: the role of Enterococcus faecalis gelatinase. Gastroenterology 2011; 141:795-8. [PMID: 21791208 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2011.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Larmonier CB, Laubitz D, Thurston RD, Bucknam AL, Hill FM, Midura-Kiela M, Ramalingam R, Kiela PR, Ghishan FK. NHE3 modulates the severity of colitis in IL-10-deficient mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2011; 300:G998-G1009. [PMID: 21415416 PMCID: PMC3119112 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00073.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
NHE3, the major intestinal Na(+)/H(+) exchanger, was shown to be downregulated and/or inhibited in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a phenomenon believed to contribute to inflammation-associated diarrhea. NHE3(-/-) mice spontaneously develop colitis and demonstrate high susceptibility to dextran sulfate-induced mucosal injury. We investigated the effects of NHE3 deficiency on the development of chronic colitis in an IL-10 knockout (KO) mouse model of Crohn's disease. NHE3(-/-) mice were first backcrossed to 129/SvEv mice for >10 generations, with no apparent changes in their survival or phenotype. These mice were crossed with IL-10(-/-) mice on the same genetic background, and the phenotypes of 10-wk-old wild-type (WT), IL-10(-/-), NHE3(-/-), and IL-10(-/-)/NHE3(-/-) (double-KO) mice were studied. Histological and immunohistochemical examination of the colon established important architectural alterations, including increased neutrophilic and mononuclear cell infiltration in double- compared with single-KO mice. Double-KO mice demonstrated increased colonic expression of neutrophil collagenase matrix metalloproteinase-8 and the chemokines macrophage inflammatory protein-2, CXCL1, CXCL10, and CXCL11. Colonic IFNγ, IL-17, and IL-12/23 p40 protein secretion was significantly increased in double- compared with single-KO mice. IL-10(-/-)/NHE3(-/-) mouse colonic epithelium exhibited increased hallmarks of apoptosis, including a significantly increased number of cleaved caspase-3-positive surface epithelial cells. These results highlight the importance of NHE3 in the maintenance of intestinal barrier integrity and in modulating the inflammatory process in IL-10-deficient mice. Chronic NHE3 inhibition or underexpression observed in IBD may therefore contribute to the pathogenesis of IBD by influencing the extent of the epithelial barrier defect and affect the ultimate degree of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. B. Larmonier
- 1Department of Pediatrics, Steele Children's Research Center,
| | - D. Laubitz
- 1Department of Pediatrics, Steele Children's Research Center, ,3Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - R. D. Thurston
- 1Department of Pediatrics, Steele Children's Research Center,
| | - A. L. Bucknam
- 2Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson, Arizona; and
| | - F. M. Hill
- 1Department of Pediatrics, Steele Children's Research Center,
| | - M. Midura-Kiela
- 1Department of Pediatrics, Steele Children's Research Center,
| | - R. Ramalingam
- 1Department of Pediatrics, Steele Children's Research Center,
| | - P. R. Kiela
- 1Department of Pediatrics, Steele Children's Research Center, ,2Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson, Arizona; and
| | - F. K. Ghishan
- 1Department of Pediatrics, Steele Children's Research Center,
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Zhang Z, Cui X, Jeske DR, Li X, Braun J, Borneman J. Clustering Scatter Plots Using Data Depth Measures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; Suppl 5:001. [PMID: 24883225 PMCID: PMC4038101 DOI: 10.4172/2155-6180.s5-001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Clustering is rapidly becoming a powerful data mining technique, and has been broadly applied to many domains such as bioinformatics and text mining. However, the existing methods can only deal with a data matrix of scalars. In this paper, we introduce a hierarchical clustering procedure that can handle a data matrix of scatter plots. To more accurately reflect the nature of data, we introduce a dissimilarity statistic based on “data depth” to measure the discrepancy between two bivariate distributions without oversimplifying the nature of the underlying pattern. We then combine hypothesis testing with hierarchical clustering to simultaneously cluster the rows and columns of the data matrix of scatter plots. We also propose novel painting metrics and construct heat maps to allow visualization of the clusters. We demonstrate the utility and power of our new clustering method through simulation studies and application to a microbe-host-interaction study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanpan Zhang
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Xinping Cui
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Daniel R Jeske
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Xiaoxiao Li
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan Braun
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA ; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - James Borneman
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
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Levison SE, McLaughlin JT, Zeef LAH, Fisher P, Grencis RK, Pennock JL. Colonic transcriptional profiling in resistance and susceptibility to trichuriasis: phenotyping a chronic colitis and lessons for iatrogenic helminthosis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2010; 16:2065-79. [PMID: 20687192 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.21326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helminth therapy is advocated to restore and maintain control of inflammatory responses, particularly chronic colitis. However, helminths can induce chronic colitis in susceptible individuals. Susceptibility has an immunogenetic basis: defining this is essential if nematode therapy is to be successfully and safely targeted in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). To validate a preclinical mouse model we phenotyped the response to Trichuris muris in mice. We determined colonic transcriptional activity in naïve and infected mice and linked differential gene expression to mechanistic pathways. METHODS T. muris-infected resistant (BALB/c) and susceptible (AKR) mice were studied to a chronic colitic timepoint (day 35). Colonic genome-wide expression was performed by microarray. Significant transcriptional changes were analyzed by cluster and gene ontology filtering and KEGG pathway mapping. RESULTS Day 35 infected AKR displayed chronic diarrhea, weight loss, and transmural colonic inflammation; BALB/c remained asymptomatic, cleared the infection, and demonstrated normal histology. Compared to BALB/c mice, infected AKR upregulated gene expression clusters were overrepresented by immune response, chemotaxis, and apoptosis pathways. Cellular/tissue homeostasis and tight junction pathways dominated downregulated AKR expression clusters. Infected AKR T-helper cell development/polarization markers demonstrated predominant T(H) 1/T(H) 17 transcriptional activity. Colitic AKR data mirrored established murine models and human colitis. CONCLUSIONS T. muris infection in the mouse shows striking phenotypic and transcriptional similarities to widely used models of IBD and human IBD. This preclinical mouse model presents a platform to examine biological commonalities among chronic colitides. However, these data urge caution in untargeted therapeutic helminth use until risk/benefit in susceptible individuals is more fully understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Levison
- School of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Manchester, UK.
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50
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Claes IJJ, Lebeer S, Shen C, Verhoeven TLA, Dilissen E, De Hertogh G, Bullens DMA, Ceuppens JL, Van Assche G, Vermeire S, Rutgeerts P, Vanderleyden J, De Keersmaecker SCJ. Impact of lipoteichoic acid modification on the performance of the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in experimental colitis. Clin Exp Immunol 2010; 162:306-14. [PMID: 20731672 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2010.04228.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
While some probiotic strains might have adjuvant effects in the therapy for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), these effects remain controversial and cannot be generalized. In this study, a dltD mutant of the model probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG), having a drastic modification in its lipoteichoic acid (LTA) molecules, was analysed for its effects in an experimental colitis model. Dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) was used to induce either moderate to severe or mild chronic colitis in mice. Mice received either phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), LGG wild-type or the dltD mutant via the drinking water. Macroscopic parameters, histological abnormalities, cytokine and Toll-like receptor (TLR) expression were analysed to assess disease activity. LGG wild-type did not show efficacy in the different experimental colitis set-ups. This wild-type strain even seemed to exacerbate the severity of colitic parameters in the moderate to severe colitis model compared to untreated mice. In contrast, mice treated with the dltD mutant showed an improvement of some colitic parameters compared to LGG wild-type-treated mice in both experimental models. In addition, treatment with the dltD mutant correlated with a significant down-regulation of Toll-like receptor-2 expression and of downstream proinflammatory cytokine expression in the colitic mice. These results show that molecular cell surface characteristics of probiotics are crucial when probiotics are considered for use as supporting therapy in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- I J J Claes
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, University Hospital, K. U. Leuven, Belgium
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