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Chen ZW, Hua ZL. Characteristics of organic matter driven by Eichhornia crassipes during co-contamination with per(poly)fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and microplastics (MPs). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 953:176114. [PMID: 39255929 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Co-contamination with MPs and PFASs has been recorded, particularly in surface-water environments. Floating macrophyte microcosms are an important part of the surface water ecosystem, and dissolved organic matter (DOM) driven by floating macrophytes (FMDDOM) is critical for maintaining material circulation. However, knowledge gaps remain regarding the impact of MPs and PFASs co-pollution on FMDDOM. An greenhouse simulation experiment was conducted in this study to investigate the effects of four PFASs, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluoro-octane-sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluoro-2-methyl-3-oxahexanoic acid (Gen X), and potassium 9-chlorohexadecafluoro-3-oxanonane-1-sulfonate (F-53B), on FMDDOM sourced from Eichhornia crassipes (E. crassipes), a typical floating macrophyte, in the presence and absence of polystyrene (PS) MPs. Four PFASs increased FMDDOM release from E. crassipes, leading to a 32.52-77.49 % increase in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) levels. PS MPs further increased this, with results ranging from -21.28 % to 26.49 %. Based on the parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC), FMDDOM was classified into three types of fluorescent components: tryptophan-like, humic-like, and tyrosine-like compounds. Contaminants of MPs and PFASs modified the relative abundance of these three components. Protein secondary structure analysis showed that fluorocarbon bonds tended to accumulate on the α-helix of proteins in FMDDOM. The relative abundance of fluorescent and chromophorous FMDDOMs varied from 0.648 ± 0.044 to 0.964 ± 0.173, indicating that the photochemical structures of the FMDDOM were modified. FMDDOM exhibits decreased humification and increased aromaticity when contaminated with MPs and PFASs, which may be detrimental to the geochemical cycling of carbon. This study offers a theoretical basis for assessing the combined ecological risks of MPs and PFASs in floating macrophyte ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Wei Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Zu-Lin Hua
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Nanjing 210098, PR China.
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2
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Chen ZW, Hua ZL. Effect of Co-exposure to Additional Substances on the Bioconcentration of Per(poly)fluoroalkyl Substances: A Meta-Analysis Based on Hydroponic Experimental Evidence. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00244-024-01087-5. [PMID: 39367139 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-024-01087-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 10/06/2024]
Abstract
A consensus has yet to emerge regarding the bioconcentration responses of per(poly)fluoroalkyl substances under co-exposure with other additional substances in aqueous environments. This study employed a meta-analysis to systematically investigate the aforementioned issues on the basis of 1,085 published datasets of indoor hydroponic simulation experiments. A hierarchical meta-analysis model with an embedded variance covariance matrix was constructed to eliminate the non-independence and shared controls of the data. Overall, the co-exposure resulted in a notable reduction in PFAS bioaccumulation (cumulative effect size, CES = - 0.4287, p < 0.05) and bioconcentration factor (R2 = 0.9507, k < 1, b < 0) in hydroponics. In particular, the inhibition of PFAS bioconcentration induced by dissolved organic matter (percentage form of the effect size, ESP = - 48.98%) was more pronounced than that induced by metal ions (ESP = - 35.54%), particulate matter (ESP = - 24.70%) and persistent organic pollutants (ESP = - 18.66%). A lower AS concentration and a lower concentration ratio of ASs to PFASs significantly promote PFAS bioaccumulation (p < 0.05). The bioaccumulation of PFASs with long chains or high fluoride contents tended to be exacerbated in the presence of ASs. Furthermore, the effect on PFAS bioaccumulation was also significantly dependent on the duration of co-exposure (p < 0.05). The findings of this study provide novel insights into the fate and bioconcentration of PFAS in aquatic environments under co-exposure conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Wei Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China
| | - Zu-Lin Hua
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China.
- Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Ohoro CR, Amaku JF, Conradie J, Olisah C, Akpomie KG, Malloum A, Akpotu SO, Adegoke KA, Okeke ES, Omotola EO. Effect of physicochemical parameters on the occurrence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in aquatic environment. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 208:117040. [PMID: 39366060 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.117040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2024] [Revised: 09/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/21/2024] [Indexed: 10/06/2024]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and their distribution in aquatic environments have been studied extensively, but more information is needed to link these occurrences to their physicochemical characteristics. Understanding how these parameters influence PFAS can help predict their fate, mobility, and occurrences in water. This study reviewed the influence of physicochemical parameters on the occurrences of PFAS in aquatic environment using the relevant keywords to retrieve articles from databases spanning mostly between 2017 and 2024. The result suggests that high pH, turbidity, and dissolved oxygen, give high concentration of PFAS, while high electrical conductivity, temperature and salinity give low PFAS concentration in the water. Therefore, monitoring and safeguarding the aquatic bodies for human and environmental safety is imperative. Future studies should include the effects of the physicochemical properties on PFAS occurrences in the natural environment and focus on an organism's distinctive characteristics to comprehend the bioaccumulation and biomagnification of PFAS in them and environmental matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinemerem Ruth Ohoro
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, 11 Hoffman St, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
| | - James F Amaku
- Department of Chemistry, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria; Environmental Fate of Chemicals and Remediation Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Chemistry, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark 1911, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Jeanet Conradie
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Chijioke Olisah
- Institute for Coastal and Marine Research (CMR), Nelson Mandela University, P.O. Box 77000, Gqeberha 6031, South Africa; Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/753, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kovo G Akpomie
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Department of Pure & Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Alhadji Malloum
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, Maroua, Cameroon
| | - Samson O Akpotu
- Department of Biotechnology and Chemistry, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark 1911, South Africa
| | - Kayode A Adegoke
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, First Technical University, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel Sunday Okeke
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria; Natural Science Unit, School of General Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria; Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety, Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Elizabeth O Omotola
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tai Solarin University of Education, Ijebu Ode PMB 2118, Ogun State, Nigeria
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Blazer VS, Walsh HL, Smith CR, Gordon SE, Keplinger BJ, Wertz TA. Tissue distribution and temporal and spatial assessment of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) in the mid-Atlantic United States. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-35097-6. [PMID: 39348015 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-35097-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have become an environmental issue worldwide. A first step to assessing potential adverse effects on fish populations is to determine if concentrations of concern are present in a region and if so, in which watersheds. Hence, plasma from adult smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu collected at 10 sites within 4 river systems in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States, from 2014 to 2019, was analyzed for 13 PFAS. These analyses were directed at better understanding the presence and associations with land use attributes in an important sportfish. Four substances, PFOS, PFDA, PFUnA, and PFDoA, were detected in every plasma sample, with PFOS having the highest concentrations. Sites with mean plasma concentrations of PFOS below 100 ng/ml had the lowest percentage of developed landcover in the upstream catchments. Sites with moderate plasma concentrations (mean PFOS concentrations between 220 and 240 ng/ml) had low (< 7.0) percentages of developed land use but high (> 30) percentages of agricultural land use. Sites with mean plasma concentrations of PFOS > 350 ng/ml had the highest percentage of developed land use and the highest number PFAS facilities that included military installations and airports. Four of the sites were part of a long-term monitoring project, and PFAS concentrations of samples collected in spring 2017, 2018, and 2019 were compared. Significant annual differences in plasma concentrations were noted that may relate to sources and climatic factors. Samples were also collected at two sites for tissue (plasma, whole blood, liver, gonad, muscle) distribution analyses with an expanded analyte list of 28 PFAS. Relative tissue distributions were not consistent even within one species of similar ages. Although the long-chained legacy PFAS were generally detected more frequently and at higher concentrations, emerging compounds such as 6:2 FTS and GEN X were detected in a variety of tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicki S Blazer
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center - Leetown Research Laboratory, Kearneysville, WV, 25430, USA.
| | - Heather L Walsh
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center - Leetown Research Laboratory, Kearneysville, WV, 25430, USA
| | - Cheyenne R Smith
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center - Leetown Research Laboratory, Kearneysville, WV, 25430, USA
| | - Stephanie E Gordon
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center - Leetown Research Laboratory, Kearneysville, WV, 25430, USA
| | | | - Timothy A Wertz
- Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, Harrisburg, PA, 17101, USA
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5
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Groffen T, Buytaert J, Prinsen E, Bervoets L, Eens M. Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Accumulation, Reproductive Impairment, and Associations with Nestling Body Condition in Great ( Parus major)- and Blue Tits ( Cyanistes caeruleus) Living near a Hotspot in Belgium. TOXICS 2024; 12:636. [PMID: 39330564 PMCID: PMC11435652 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12090636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
Due to the limited number of field studies investigating associations between environmentally relevant per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) mixtures and reproductive impairment, there is uncertainty as to whether birds are affected by PFAS pollution, whether species differ in sensitivity to PFAS, and whether the observed reproductive impairment is caused by PFAS or rather due to other potential confounding variables. Therefore, we investigated PFAS concentrations in eggs and blood plasma of great tit (Parus major) and blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus) nestlings near a PFAS hotspot in Belgium, reproductive impairment, and associations between the accumulated levels and nestling body condition. In total, 29 eggs and 22 blood plasma samples of great tit clutches, and 10 egg and 10 blood plasma samples of blue tit clutches, were collected. Despite more types of PFAS being detected in eggs compared to plasma, only minor differences in profiles were observed between species. On the other hand, tissue-specific differences were more pronounced and likely reflect a combination of maternal transfer and dietary exposure post-hatching. Despite the high concentrations detected in both species, limited reproductive impairment was observed. Our results support previous findings that great tits and blue tits may not be very susceptible to PFAS pollution and provide evidence that other factors, including ecological stoichiometry, may be more important in explaining inter-species variation in PFAS accumulation and reproductive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thimo Groffen
- ECOSPHERE, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium; (J.B.); (L.B.)
- Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium;
| | - Jodie Buytaert
- ECOSPHERE, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium; (J.B.); (L.B.)
| | - Els Prinsen
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium;
| | - Lieven Bervoets
- ECOSPHERE, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium; (J.B.); (L.B.)
| | - Marcel Eens
- Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium;
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6
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Ricolfi L, Taylor MD, Yang Y, Lagisz M, Nakagawa S. Maternal transfer of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in wild birds: A systematic review and meta-analysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 361:142346. [PMID: 38759804 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are synthetic chemicals widely used in consumer products. PFAS can accumulate in animal tissues, resulting in biomagnification and adverse effects on wildlife, such as reproductive impairment. In bird species, PFAS are transferred from mothers to eggs along with essential nutrients and may affect embryo development. However, the extent of maternal PFAS transfer across different species and compounds remains poorly understood. Here, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantify maternal PFAS transfer in wild birds and investigate potential sources of variation. We tested the moderating effects of compounds' physicochemical properties and biological traits of studied birds. The dataset included 505 measurements of PFAS concentration and 371 effect sizes derived from 13 studies on 16 bird species and 25 compounds. Overall, across all studies and species, we found a 41% higher concentration of PFAS in offspring than in mothers. Specifically, contaminants were concentrated in the yolk, longer and heavier compounds showed preferential transfer, larger clutch size was associated with decreased PFAS transfer and a higher transfer rate was shown in species with piscivorous and opportunistic/diverse diets. A validation assessment showed good robustness of the overall meta-analytic result. Given the crucial role of birds in maintaining ecological balance, this research article has relevant implications for modelling the impacts of PFAS on wildlife, ecosystems, and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Ricolfi
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - Matthew D Taylor
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia; Port Stephens Fisheries Institute, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Nelson Bay, Australia; Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Yefeng Yang
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - Malgorzata Lagisz
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - Shinichi Nakagawa
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
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7
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Waldetoft H, Karlsson OM, Awad R. No evidence of an association between size and levels of four per- and polyfluorinated substances (PFAS) in perch (Perca fluviatilis). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 934:173124. [PMID: 38729367 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
It was assessed how the size of perch (Perca fluviatilis) is related to levels of four per- and polyfluorinated substances (PFAS) in its muscle tissue. These were PFOS, PFNA, PFOA, and PFHxS, for which the sum, denoted as ΣPFAS4, has a tolerable intake derived by the European Food Safety Authority. The results indicate that, in contrast to, e.g., mercury levels, ΣPFAS4 levels in perch muscle do not increase with increasing weight of the fish, which implies that consuming larger perch does not increase the risk of exceeding the TWI of ΣPFAS4, in relation to consuming smaller perch. Therefore, for risk assessment, analyzing samples of smaller perch is sufficient, demanding less effort to catch. The credibility of the results was strengthened by applying the same statistical model to mercury levels in the same samples. As expected, larger fish had generally higher levels than small fish for mercury.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Waldetoft
- IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, P.O Box 210 60, SE-100 31 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - O M Karlsson
- IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, P.O Box 210 60, SE-100 31 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - R Awad
- IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, P.O Box 210 60, SE-100 31 Stockholm, Sweden
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8
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Degitz SJ, Degoey PP, Haselman JT, Olker JH, Stacy EH, Blanksma C, Meyer S, Mattingly KZ, Blackwell B, Opseth AS, Hornung MW. Evaluating potential developmental toxicity of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances in Xenopus laevis embryos and larvae. J Appl Toxicol 2024; 44:1040-1049. [PMID: 38531109 PMCID: PMC11402019 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
As part of the US Environmental Protection Agency's perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) Action Plan, the agency is committed to increasing our understanding of the potential ecological effects of PFAS. The objective of these studies was to examine the developmental toxicity of PFAS using the laboratory model amphibian species Xenopus laevis. We had two primary aims: (1) to understand the developmental toxicity of a structurally diverse set of PFAS compounds in developing embryos and (2) to characterize the potential impacts of perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and hexafluoropropylene oxide-dimer acid (HFPO-DA a.k.a. GenX), on growth and thyroid hormone-controlled metamorphosis. We employed a combination of static renewal and flow-through exposure designs. Embryos were exposed to 17 structurally diverse PFAS starting at the midblastula stage through the completion of organogenesis (96 h). To investigate impacts on PFOS, PFOA, PFHxS, and HFPO-DA on development and metamorphosis, larvae were exposed from premetamorphosis (Nieuwkoop Faber stage 51 or 54) through pro metamorphosis. Of the PFAS tested in embryos, only 1H,1H,10H,10H-perfluorodecane-1,10-diol (FC10-diol) and perfluorohexanesulfonamide (FHxSA) exposure resulted in clear concentration-dependent developmental toxicity. For both of these PFAS, a significant increase in mortality was observed at 2.5 and 5 mg/L. For FC10-diol, 100% of the surviving embryos were malformed at 1.25 and 2.5 mg/L, while for FHxSA, a significant increase in malformations (100%) was observed at 2.5 and 5 mg/L. Developmental stage achieved was the most sensitive endpoint with significant effects observed at 1.25 and 0.625 mg/L for FC10-diol and FHxSA, respectively. In larval studies, we observed impacts on growth following exposure to PFHxS and PFOS at concentrations of 100 and 2.5 mg/L, respectively, while no impacts were observed in larvae when exposed to PFOA and HFPO-DA at concentration of 100 mg/L. Further, we did not observe impacts on thyroid endpoints in exposed larvae. These experiments have broadened our understanding of the impact of PFAS on anuran development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigmund J Degitz
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure (CCTE), Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division (GLTED), Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - Philip P Degoey
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure (CCTE), Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division (GLTED), Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jonathan T Haselman
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure (CCTE), Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division (GLTED), Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jennifer H Olker
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure (CCTE), Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division (GLTED), Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - Emma H Stacy
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure (CCTE), Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division (GLTED), Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - Chad Blanksma
- SpecPro Professional Services, c/o US EPA, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - Scott Meyer
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure (CCTE), Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division (GLTED), Duluth, Minnesota, USA
- California Department of Water Resources, West Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Kali Z Mattingly
- SpecPro Professional Services, c/o US EPA, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - Brett Blackwell
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure (CCTE), Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division (GLTED), Duluth, Minnesota, USA
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Group, Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
| | - Anne S Opseth
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure (CCTE), Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division (GLTED), Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - Michael W Hornung
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure (CCTE), Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division (GLTED), Duluth, Minnesota, USA
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9
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Soerensen AL, Benskin JP, Faxneld S. Four Decades of Spatiotemporal Variability of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in the Baltic Sea. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:10806-10816. [PMID: 38829301 PMCID: PMC11192033 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c03031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Temporal and spatial variability of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in herring, cod, eelpout, and guillemot covering four decades and more than 1000 km in the Baltic Sea was investigated to evaluate the effect of PFAS regulations and residence times of PFASs. Overall, PFAS concentrations responded rapidly to recent regulations but with some notable basin- and homologue-specific variability. The well-ventilated Kattegat and Bothnian Bay showed a faster log-linear decrease for most PFASs than the Baltic Proper, which lacks a significant loss mechanism. PFOS and FOSA, for example, have decreased with 0-7% y-1 in the Baltic Proper and 6-16% y-1 in other basins. PFNA and partly PFOA are exceptions and continue to show stagnant or increasing concentrations. Further, we found that Bothnian Bay herring contained the highest concentrations of >C12 perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs), likely from rivers with high loads of dissolved organic carbon. In the Kattegat, low PFAS concentrations, but a high FOSA fraction, could be due to influence from the North Sea inflow below the halocline and possibly a local source of FOSA and/or isomer-specific biotransformation. This study represents the most comprehensive spatial and temporal investigation of PFASs in Baltic wildlife while providing new insights into cycling of PFASs within the Baltic Sea ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne L. Soerensen
- Department
of Environmental Monitoring and Research, Swedish Museum of Natural History, 114 18 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonathan P. Benskin
- Department
of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Suzanne Faxneld
- Department
of Environmental Monitoring and Research, Swedish Museum of Natural History, 114 18 Stockholm, Sweden
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10
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Mehdi Q, Griffin EK, Esplugas J, Gelsleichter J, Galloway AS, Frazier BS, Timshina AS, Grubbs RD, Correia K, Camacho CG, Bowden JA. Species-specific profiles of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in small coastal sharks along the South Atlantic Bight of the United States. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:171758. [PMID: 38521272 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have gained widespread commercial use across the globe in various industrial and consumer products, such as textiles, firefighting foams, and surface coating materials. Studies have shown that PFAS exhibit a strong tendency to accumulate within aquatic food webs, primarily due to their high bioaccumulation potential and resistance to degradation. Despite such concerns, their impact on marine predators like sharks remains underexplored. This study aimed to investigate the presence of 34 PFAS in the plasma (n = 315) of four small coastal sharks inhabiting the South Atlantic Bight of the United States (U.S). Among the sharks studied, bonnetheads (Sphyrna tiburo) had the highest ∑PFAS concentration (3031 ± 1674 pg g - 1 plasma, n = 103), followed by the Atlantic sharpnose shark (Rhizoprionodon terraenovae, 2407 ± 969 pg g - 1, n = 101), blacknose shark (Carcharhinus acronotus, 1713 ± 662 pg g - 1, n = 83) and finetooth shark (Carcharhinus isodon, 1431 ± 891 pg g - 1, n = 28). Despite declines in the manufacturing of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), the long-chain (C8 - C13) perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) were frequently detected, with PFOS, perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), and perfluorotridecanoic acid (PFTrDA) present as the most dominant PFAS. Furthermore, males exhibited significantly higher ∑PFAS concentrations than females in bonnetheads (p < 0.01), suggesting possible sex-specific PFAS accumulation or maternal offloading in some species. The results of this study underscore the urgency for more extensive biomonitoring of PFAS in aquatic/marine environments to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the impact and fate of these emerging pollutants on marine fauna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qaim Mehdi
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Emily K Griffin
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Juliette Esplugas
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Jim Gelsleichter
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, 1 UNF Drive, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Ashley S Galloway
- South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, 217 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC 29412, USA
| | - Bryan S Frazier
- South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, 217 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC 29412, USA
| | - Alina S Timshina
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - R Dean Grubbs
- Coastal and Marine Laboratory, Florida State University 3618 Highway 98, St. Teresa, FL 32358, USA
| | - Keyla Correia
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Camden G Camacho
- Department of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - John A Bowden
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Department of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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11
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Marciano J, Crawford L, Mukhopadhyay L, Scott W, McElroy A, McDonough C. Per/Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in a Marine Apex Predator (White Shark, Carcharodon carcharias) in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean. ACS ENVIRONMENTAL AU 2024; 4:152-161. [PMID: 38765060 PMCID: PMC11100321 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.3c00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Per/polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are ubiquitous, highly persistent anthropogenic chemicals that bioaccumulate and biomagnify in aquatic food webs and are associated with adverse health effects, including liver and kidney diseases, cancers, and immunosuppression. We investigated the accumulation of PFASs in a marine apex predator, the white shark (Carcharodon carcharias). Muscle (N = 12) and blood plasma (N = 27) samples were collected from 27 sharks during 2018-2021 OCEARCH expeditions along the eastern coast of North America from Nova Scotia to Florida. Samples were analyzed for 47 (plasma) and 43 (muscle) targeted PFASs and screened for >2600 known and novel PFASs using liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Perfluoroalkyl carboxylates with carbon chain-length C11 to C14 were frequently detected above the method reporting limits in plasma samples, along with perfluorooctanesulfonate and perfluorodecanesulfonate. Perfluoropentadecanoate was also detected in 100% of plasma samples and concentrations were estimated semiquantitatively as no analytical standard was available. Total concentrations of frequently detected PFASs in plasma ranged from 0.56 to 2.9 ng mL-1 (median of 1.4 ng mL-1). In muscle tissue, nine targeted PFASs were frequently detected, with total concentration ranging from 0.20 to 0.84 ng g-1 ww. For all frequently detected PFASs, concentrations were greater in plasma than in muscle collected from the same organism. In both matrices, perfluorotridecanoic acid was the most abundant PFAS, consistent with several other studies. PFASs with similar chain-lengths correlated significantly among the plasma samples, suggesting similar sources. Total concentrations of PFASs in plasma were significantly greater in sharks sampled off of Nova Scotia than all sharks from other locations, potentially due to differences in diet. HRMS suspect screening tentatively identified 13 additional PFASs in plasma, though identification confidence was low, as no MS/MS fragmentation was collected due to low intensities. The widespread detection of long-chain PFASs in plasma and muscle of white sharks highlights the prevalence and potential biomagnification of these compounds in marine apex predators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Marciano
- Department
of Civil Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Lisa Crawford
- School
of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony
Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Leenia Mukhopadhyay
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Wesley Scott
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Anne McElroy
- School
of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony
Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Carrie McDonough
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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12
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Li X, Wang Q, Li Q, Wang Y, Tian Y, He A, Chen Y, Si S. Biological effects of perfluoroalkyl substances on running water ecosystems: A case study in Beiluo River, China. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 468:133808. [PMID: 38387177 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are emerging contaminants that pose a threat to the biodiversity of the Beiluo River, a polluted watercourse on the Loess Plateau impacted by diverse human activities. However, the occurrence, spatial distribution, and substitution characteristics of PFASs in this region remain unclear. This study aimed to unravel PFAS distribution patterns and their impact on the aquatic ecosystems of the Beiluo River Basin. The total PFAS concentration in the area ranged from 16.64-35.70 ng/L, with predominantly perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) and perfluorosulfonic acids (PFSAs), collectively contributing 94%. The Mantel test revealed threats to aquatic communities from both legacy long-chain (perfluorooctanoic acid and sodium perfluorooctane sulfonic acid) and emerging (6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid, 2-Perfluorohexyl ethanoic acid, and hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (Gen-X)) PFSAs. The canonical correspondence analysis ordination indicated that trace quantities of emerging PFASs, specifically 2-Perfluorohexyl ethanoic acid and hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (Gen-X), significantly influenced geographical variations in aquatic communities. In conclusion, this study underscores the importance of comprehensively exploring the ecological implications and potential risks associated with PFASs in the Beiluo River Basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Li
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Qi Li
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Yawei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yulu Tian
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Anen He
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Shaocheng Si
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Xi'an 710127, China.
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13
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Rico A, Crettaz-Minaglia M, García-Astillero A, Bizzotto E, Vighi M. Fate and effects of a new generation fluorosurfactant (cC 6O 4) in freshwater mesocosms. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 268:106866. [PMID: 38382184 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) have raised international concerns due to their widespread use, environmental persistence and potential bioaccumulative and ecotoxicological effects. Therefore, the chemical industry has been dedicated to develop new generation fluorosurfactants which are aimed to replace the most concerning PFAS. Here we investigated the fate and effects of cyclic C6O4 (cC6O4), a compound used as alternative to long-chain perfluorocarboxylic acids, in freshwater mesocosms located in the Mediterranean region (Spain) over a period of 90 days. cC6O4 was applied as ammonium salt once at the following nominal concentrations: 0 µg/L (control), 1 µg/L, 20 µg/L, 400 µg/L, and 8,000 µg/L. The study shows that cC6O4 is relatively persistent in water (dissipation: 34-37 % after 90 days), has very low sorption capacity to sediments (sediment-water partition coefficient: 0.18-0.32 L/kg) and very limited bioconcentration (BCF: 0.09-0.94), bioaccumulation (BAF: 0.09-4.06) and biomagnification (BMF: 0.05-0.28) potential. cC6O4 did not result in significant adverse effects on aquatic populations and communities of phytoplankton and zooplankton at the tested concentrations. As for the macroinvertebrate community, the ephemeropteran Cloeon sp. showed a population decline at the highest test concentration on day 60 onwards, and a significant effect on the macroinvertebrate community was identified on the last sampling day at the same exposure level. Therefore, the calculated NOEC for cC6O4 in freshwater mesocosms exposed over a period of 90 days was 400 µg/L, which corresponded to a time weighted average concentration of 611 µg/L, given the water evaporation in the test systems. This concentration is about an order of magnitude higher than the highest exposure concentration monitored in freshwater ecosystems. Therefore, it can be concluded that cC6O4 poses insignificant ecological risks for freshwater plankton and macroinvertebrate communities given the current environmental exposure levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreu Rico
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, 46980 Paterna, Spain; IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain.
| | - Melina Crettaz-Minaglia
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Ariadna García-Astillero
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Elisa Bizzotto
- Foundation Ca' Foscari University, Ca' Dolfin, Venice, Italy
| | - Marco Vighi
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
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14
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Albers J, Mylroie J, Kimble A, Steward C, Chapman K, Wilbanks M, Perkins E, Garcia-Reyero N. Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances: Impacts on Morphology, Behavior and Lipid Levels in Zebrafish Embryos. TOXICS 2024; 12:192. [PMID: 38535925 PMCID: PMC10975676 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12030192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
The presence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in aquatic environments is often persistent and widespread. Understanding the potential adverse effects from this group of chemicals on aquatic communities allows for better hazard characterization. This study examines impacts on zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo physiology, behavior, and lipid levels from exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), and heptadecafluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS). Embryos were exposed to lethal and sublethal levels of each chemical and monitored for alterations in physiological malformations, mortality, lipid levels, and behavior (only PFOA and PFHxS). The predicted 50% lethal concentrations for 120 hpf embryos were 528.6 ppm PFOA, 14.28 ppm PFHxS, and 2.14 ppm PFOS. Spine curvature and the inability of the 120 hpf embryos to maintain a dorsal-up orientation was significantly increased at 10.2 ppm PFHxS and 1.9 ppm PFOS exposure. All measured 120 hpf embryo behaviors were significantly altered starting at the lowest levels tested, 188 ppm PFOA and 6.4 ppm PFHxS. Lipid levels decreased at the highest PFAS levels tested (375 PFOA ppm, 14.4 PFHxS ppm, 2.42 ppm PFOS). In general, the PFAS chemicals, at the levels examined in this study, increased morphological deformities, embryo activity, and startle response time, as well as decreased lipid levels in 120 hpf zebrafish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice Albers
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Environmental Laboratory, US Army Engineer Research & Development Center, Vicksburg, MS 39180, USA
| | - John Mylroie
- Environmental Laboratory, US Army Engineer Research & Development Center, Vicksburg, MS 39180, USA (N.G.-R.)
| | - Ashley Kimble
- Environmental Laboratory, US Army Engineer Research & Development Center, Vicksburg, MS 39180, USA (N.G.-R.)
| | | | - Kacy Chapman
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Environmental Laboratory, US Army Engineer Research & Development Center, Vicksburg, MS 39180, USA
| | - Mitchell Wilbanks
- Environmental Laboratory, US Army Engineer Research & Development Center, Vicksburg, MS 39180, USA (N.G.-R.)
| | - Edward Perkins
- Environmental Laboratory, US Army Engineer Research & Development Center, Vicksburg, MS 39180, USA (N.G.-R.)
| | - Natàlia Garcia-Reyero
- Environmental Laboratory, US Army Engineer Research & Development Center, Vicksburg, MS 39180, USA (N.G.-R.)
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15
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Xie J, Tu S, Hayat K, Lan R, Chen C, Leng T, Zhang H, Lin T, Liu W. Trophodynamics of halogenated organic pollutants (HOPs) in aquatic food webs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 899:166426. [PMID: 37598971 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Halogenated organic pollutants (HOPs) represent hazardous and persistent compounds characterized by their capacity to accumulate within organisms and endure in the environment. These substances are frequently transmitted through aquatic food webs, engendering potential hazards to ecosystems and human well-being. The trophodynamics of HOPs in aquatic food webs has garnered worldwide attention within the scientific community. Despite comprehensive research endeavors, the prevailing trajectory of HOPs, whether inclined toward biomagnification or biodilution within global aquatic food webs, remains unresolved. Furthermore, while numerous studies have probed the variables influencing the trophic magnification factor (TMF), the paramount determinant remains elusive. Collating a compendium of pertinent literature encompassing TMFs from the Web of Science between 1994 and 2023, our analysis underscores the disparities in attention accorded to legacy HOPs compared to emerging counterparts. A discernible pattern of biomagnification characterizes the behavior of HOPs within aquatic food webs. Geographically, the northern hemisphere, including Asia, Europe, and North America, has demonstrated greater biomagnification than its southern hemisphere counterparts. Utilizing a boosted regression tree (BRT) approach, we reveal that the food web length and type emerge as pivotal determinants influencing TMFs. This review provides a valuable basis for gauging ecological and health risks, thereby facilitating the formulation of robust standards for managing aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqian Xie
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyi Tu
- College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kashif Hayat
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention, Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Ruo Lan
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuchu Chen
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiantian Leng
- College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanlin Zhang
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian Lin
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Weiping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention, Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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16
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Gerig BS, Chaloner DT, Rediske RR, Paterson G, Lamberti GA. Pacific salmon as vectors of environmental contaminants: An experimental test confirms synoptic surveys in natural streams. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 336:122355. [PMID: 37567402 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Pacific salmon transfer large quantities of material to tributaries during their spawning migrations, including carcass tissue and labile nutrients but also persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and heavy metals. We conducted a Before-After-Control-Intervention experiment by adding salmon carcasses and eggs to a Michigan (USA) stream that had never received inputs from non-native salmon to understand the bioaccumulation and persistence of biotransported contaminants. Our experimental outcomes were compared to previous studies using meta-analysis. Coincident with the introduction of salmon, the PCB and DDE burden of resident trout significantly increased. However, we did not observe changes in total mercury (Hg). Two years after the salmon addition experiment concluded, resident trout POP concentrations had returned to pre-addition levels, with no difference between the treatment and control reaches. Analysis of effect sizes suggested that the contaminant response observed in our experiment is consistent with field survey observations. Our study suggested that the consumption of salmon eggs drove the increase in POP burden of resident trout while Hg bioaccumulation was influenced by watershed sources. Critically, our study suggests that ecosystems are capable of quickly recovering from POP inputs from species migrations if contaminant sources are removed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon S Gerig
- Great Rivers Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit, National Park Service, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA.
| | - Dominic T Chaloner
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Richard R Rediske
- Annis Water Resource Institute, Grand Valley State University, Muskegon, MI, 49441, USA
| | - Gordon Paterson
- Great Lakes Research Center, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA
| | - Gary A Lamberti
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
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17
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Miranda DA, Zachritz AM, Whitehead HD, Cressman SR, Peaslee GF, Lamberti GA. Occurrence and biomagnification of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in Lake Michigan fishes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 895:164903. [PMID: 37355115 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
We measured perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in prey and predator fish from Lake Michigan (USA) to investigate the occurrence and biomagnification of these compounds in this important ecosystem. Twenty-one PFAS were analyzed in 117 prey fish obtained from sites across Lake Michigan and in 87 salmonids collected in four lake quadrants. The mean concentration of sum (∑) PFAS above the method detection limit was 12.7 ± 6.96 ng g-1 wet weight in predator fish (all of which were salmonids) and 10.7 ± 10.4 ng g-1 in prey fish, with outlier levels found in slimy sculpin, Cottus cognatus (187 ± 12.2 ng g-1 ww). Perfluorooctanoic sulfonic acid (PFOS) was the most frequently detected and most abundant compound of the 21 PFAS, occurring in 98 % of individuals with a mean concentration of 9.86 ± 6.36 ng g-1 ww without outliers. Perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCA) concentrations were higher in prey fish than in predators, with some compounds such as perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) being detected in higher frequency in prey fish. Besides PFOS, detection of several long-chain (C8-C12) PFCAs were observed in >80 % of the prey fish. Overall, the observed concentrations in Lake Michigan fish were lower than those reported in other Laurentian Great Lakes except for Lake Superior. Biomagnification factors (BMFs) for PFOS exceeded 1.0 (range, 1.80 to 5.12) in all predator-prey relationships analyzed, indicating biomagnification of these compounds, whereas BMFs of other long-chain PFCAs varied according to the fish species. PFAS were found in all fish species measured from Lake Michigan and commonly biomagnified from prey to predator fish, strongly suggesting a dietary connection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele A Miranda
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States; Environmental Change initiative, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States.
| | - Alison M Zachritz
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States
| | - Heather D Whitehead
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States
| | - Shannon R Cressman
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Green Bay Fish and Wildlife Conservation Office, New Franken, WI 54229, United States
| | - Graham F Peaslee
- Environmental Change initiative, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States
| | - Gary A Lamberti
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States; Environmental Change initiative, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States
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18
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Han Y, Cao X. Research Progress of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Edible Oil-A Review. Foods 2023; 12:2624. [PMID: 37444362 DOI: 10.3390/foods12132624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have been widely used in different types of consumer and industrial applications such as surfactants, household cleaning products, textiles, carpets, cosmetics, firefighting foams, and food packaging because of their good stability and special physicochemical properties of hydrophobicity, oleophobicity, high temperature resistance, etc. Meanwhile, PFASs are considered an emerging organic pollutant due to their persistence and potential toxicity to human health. PFASs occur in edible oil, an important component of the global diet, mainly in three ways: raw material contamination, process contamination, and migration from oil contact materials. Thus, the occurrence of PFAS in edible oils has drawn more and more attention in recent years. In this work, the pertinent literature of the last two decades from the Web of Science database was researched. This review systematically addressed the potential sources, the contamination levels, and the progress of the determination of PFASs in edible oil. It aims to provide a relatively whole profile of PFASs in edible oil, render assistance to minimise human exposure to PFASs, and standardise the detection methods of perfluoroalkyl substances in edible oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyi Han
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xueli Cao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
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19
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Hedgespeth ML, Taylor DL, Balint S, Schwartz M, Cantwell MG. Ecological characteristics impact PFAS concentrations in a U.S. North Atlantic food web. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 880:163302. [PMID: 37031936 PMCID: PMC10451026 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This is the first comprehensive study of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in a coastal food web of the U.S. North Atlantic, in which we characterize the presence and concentrations of 24 targeted PFAS across 18 marine species from Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, and surrounding waters. These species reflect the diversity of a typical North Atlantic Ocean food web with organisms from a variety of taxa, habitat types, and feeding guilds. Many of these organisms have no previously reported information on PFAS tissue concentrations. We found significant relationships of PFAS concentrations with respect to various ecological characteristics including species, body size, habitat, feeding guild, and location of collection. Based upon the 19 PFAS detected in the study (5 were not detected in samples), benthic omnivores (American lobsters = 10.5 ng/g ww, winter skates = 5.77 ng/g ww, Cancer crabs = 4.59 ng/g ww) and pelagic piscivores (striped bass = 8.50 ng/g ww, bluefish = 4.30 ng/g ww) demonstrated the greatest average ∑PFAS concentrations across all species sampled. Further, American lobsters had the highest concentrations detected in individuals (∑PFAS up to 21.1 ng/g ww, which consisted primarily of long-chain PFCAs). The calculation of field-based trophic magnification factors (TMFs) for the top 8 detected PFAS determined that perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), and perfluorooctane sulfonamide (FOSA) associated with the pelagic habitat biomagnified, whereas perfluorotetradecanoic acid (PFTeDA) associated with the benthic habitat demonstrated trophic dilution in this food web (calculated trophic levels ranged from 1.65 to 4.97). While PFAS exposure to these organisms may have adverse implications for ecological impacts via toxicological effects, many of these species are also key recreational and commercial fisheries resulting in potential for human exposure via dietary consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie L Hedgespeth
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA.
| | - David L Taylor
- Department of Marine Biology, Roger Williams University, One Old Ferry Road, Bristol, RI 02809, USA
| | - Sawyer Balint
- ORISE Research Participant at the US Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA
| | - Morgan Schwartz
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA
| | - Mark G Cantwell
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA
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20
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Wang Q, Ruan Y, Jin L, Tao LSR, Lai H, Li G, Yeung LWY, Leung KMY, Lam PKS. Legacy and Emerging Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in a Subtropical Marine Food Web: Suspect Screening, Isomer Profile, and Identification of Analytical Interference. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:8355-8364. [PMID: 37220884 PMCID: PMC10249352 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The ban/elimination of legacy per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) has led to a dramatic increase in the production and use of various emerging PFASs over the past decade. However, trophodynamics of many emerging PFASs in aquatic food webs remain poorly understood. In this study, samples of seawaters and marine organisms including 15 fish species, 21 crustacean species, and two cetacean species were collected from the northern South China Sea (SCS) to investigate the trophic biomagnification potential of legacy and emerging PFASs. Bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide was found in seawater via suspect screening (concentration up to 1.50 ng/L) but not in the biota, indicating its negligible bioaccumulation potential. A chlorinated perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) analytical interfering compound was identified with a predicted formula of C14H23O5SCl6- (most abundant at m/z = 514.9373). Significant trophic magnification was observed for 22 PFASs, and the trophic magnification factors of cis- and trans-perfluoroethylcyclohexane sulfonate isomers (1.92 and 2.25, respectively) were reported for the first time. Perfluorohexanoic acid was trophic-magnified, possibly attributed to the PFAS precursor degradation. The hazard index of PFOS was close to 1, implying a potential human health risk via dietary exposure to PFASs in seafood on the premise of continuous PFAS discharge to the SCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Southern
Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, China
- Research
Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Man-Technology-Environment
Research Centre (MTM), Örebro University, Örebro SE-70182, Sweden
| | - Yuefei Ruan
- State
Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Southern
Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, China
- Research
Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Linjie Jin
- State
Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Southern
Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, China
| | - Lily S. R. Tao
- State
Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Han Lai
- Southern
Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, China
| | - Guifeng Li
- Southern
Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, China
| | - Leo W. Y. Yeung
- Man-Technology-Environment
Research Centre (MTM), Örebro University, Örebro SE-70182, Sweden
| | - Kenneth M. Y. Leung
- State
Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Southern
Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, China
- Research
Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Paul K. S. Lam
- State
Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Southern
Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, China
- Research
Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Department
of Science, School of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Good Shepherd Street, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
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Zhang Y, Chen Y, Chen H, Zhang Y, Yang L, Zhong W, Zhu L. Direct evidence of the important role of proteins in bioconcentration and biomagnification of PFASs in benthic organisms based on comparison with OPEs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 863:161012. [PMID: 36549529 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite the wide acceptance that bioconcentration and biomagnification of per/polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) is related to proteins in organisms, few direct evidences are available. Here, bioconcentration and biomagnification of 9 organophosphate esters (OPEs) and 16 PFASs, which have similar range of log Kow (octanol-water partitioning coefficient) values, were compared in the benthic food chain of biofilm-snail in Taihu Lake, China. The ∑OPEs level in water (150-23,036 ng/L) was significantly higher than ∑PFASs (57.3-351 ng/L). Although the logarithm of bioconcentration factors of both OPEs and PFASs in biofilm positively correlated with their log Kow, the slope of PFASs was 4 times of that of OPEs, which might be due to the strong interactions of PFASs with biofilm extracellular proteins. Additionally, PFASs exhibited distinctly greater biomagnification factors from biofilm to snails (3.09-17.8) than OPEs (0.39-3.48). Significant correlations between the concentrations and protein contents in snails were observed for most long-chain PFASs, but not for any OPEs. Multiple receptor models identified polyurethane foam (77.9 %) and food packaging/metal plating (56.9 %) were the primary sources of OPEs and PFASs in Taihu Lake, respectively. We provided strong and direct evidences that proteins facilitated bioconcentration and biomagnification of PFASs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Ying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Huijuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Liping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Wenjue Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Lingyan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
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Labine LM, Oliveira Pereira EA, Kleywegt S, Jobst KJ, Simpson AJ, Simpson MJ. Sublethal Exposure of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances of Varying Chain Length and Polar Functionality Results in Distinct Metabolic Responses in Daphnia magna. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:242-256. [PMID: 36345965 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of persistent organic pollutants used in industrial applications because of their physicochemical properties, which results in their ubiquitous presence across environmental matrices. To date, legacy PFAS have been well studied; however, the concentration of alternative PFAS may exceed the concentration of legacy pollutants, and more information is needed regarding the sublethal toxicity at the molecular level of aquatic model organisms, such as Daphnia magna. Perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA), perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) are four widely detected PFAS alternatives of varying chain length and polar functionality that are quantified in aquatic environments. The present study examines the metabolic perturbations of PFAS with varying chemistries to D. magna using targeted mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. Daphnia were acutely exposed to sublethal concentrations of PFBA, PFHxA, PFHxS, and PFNA before the polar metabolite profile was extracted from single organisms. Multivariate analysis demonstrated significant separation between the sublethal concentrations of PFHxA, PFHxS, and PFNA relative to the controls; in sum, longer chain lengths demonstrated greater overall perturbations to the extracted metabolic profiles. Univariate statistics revealed significant perturbations in the concentrations of several amino acids, nucleotides/nucleosides, and neurotransmitters with exposure to PFAS. These metabolic perturbations are consistent with disruptions in energy metabolism (pantothenate and coenzyme A metabolism, histidine metabolism) and protein synthesis (aminoacyl-transfer RNA biosynthesis and amino acid metabolism), which were identified through biochemical pathway analysis. These results provide evidence that although PFAS chemistry (chain length and polar functional group) invokes unique metabolic responses, there is also an underlying toxic mode of action that is common with select PFAS exposure. Overall, the present study highlights the capabilities of environmental metabolomics to elucidate the molecular-level perturbations of pollutants within the same chemical class to model aquatic organisms, which can be used to prioritize risk assessment of substituted PFAS alternatives. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:242-256. © 2022 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Labine
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Erico A Oliveira Pereira
- Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sonya Kleywegt
- Technical Assessment and Standards Development Branch, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karl J Jobst
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - André J Simpson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Myrna J Simpson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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23
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Facciola N, Houde M, Muir DCG, Ferguson SH, McKinney MA. Feeding and contaminant patterns of sub-arctic and arctic ringed seals: Potential insight into climate change-contaminant interactions. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 313:120108. [PMID: 36084741 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To provide insight into how climate-driven diet shifts may impact contaminant exposures of Arctic species, we compared feeding ecology and contaminant concentrations in ringed seals (Pusa hispida) from two Canadian sub-Arctic (Nain at 56.5°N, Arviat at 61.1°N) and two Arctic sites (Sachs Harbour at 72.0 °N, Resolute Bay at 74.7 °N). In the sub-Arctic, empirical evidence of changing prey fish communities has been documented, while less community change has been reported in the Arctic to date, suggesting current sub-Arctic conditions may be a harbinger of future Arctic conditions. Here, Indigenous partners collected tissues from subsistence-harvested ringed seals in 2018. Blubber fatty acids (FAs) and muscle stable isotopes (δ15N, δ13C) indicated dietary patterns, while measured contaminants included heavy metals (e.g., total mercury (THg)), legacy persistent organic pollutants (e.g., dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs)), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and per-/polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). FA signatures are distinct between sub-Arctic and Resolute Bay seals, likely related to higher consumption of southern prey species including capelin (Mallotus villosus) in the sub-Arctic but on-going feeding on Arctic species in Resolute Bay. Sachs Harbour ringed seals show FA overlap with all locations, possibly consuming both southern and endemic Arctic species. Negative δ13C estimates for PFAS models suggest that more pelagic, sub-Arctic type prey (e.g., capelin) increases PFAS concentrations, whereas the reverse occurs for, e.g., THg, ΣPBDE, and ΣDDT. Inconsistent directionality of δ15N estimates in the models likely reflects baseline isotopic variation not trophic position differences. Adjusting for the influence of diet suggests that if Arctic ringed seal diets become more like sub-Arctic seals due to climate change, diet-driven increases may occur for newer contaminants like PFASs, but not for more legacy contaminants. Nonetheless, temporal trends studies are still needed, as are investigations into the potential confounding influence of baseline isotope variation in spatial studies of contaminants in Arctic biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Facciola
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Magali Houde
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Montreal, QC H2Y 2E5, Canada
| | - Derek C G Muir
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Steven H Ferguson
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Central and Arctic Region, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada
| | - Melissa A McKinney
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada.
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Jiang H, He J, Wang H, Zheng L, Wang X, Zhang H, Wu H, Shu Y. Gill Junction Injury and Microbial Disorders Induced by Microcystin-Leucine Arginine in Lithobates catesbeianus Tadpoles. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14070479. [PMID: 35878217 PMCID: PMC9322459 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14070479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is widely present in waters around the world, but its potential toxic effects and mechanisms on amphibian gills remain unknown. In the present study, tadpoles (Lithobates catesbeianus) were exposed to environmentally realistic concentrations of 0.5, 2 μg/L MC-LR, and 0 μg/L MC-LR (Control) for 30 days with the objective to unveil the impairment of gill health. The lysozyme was downregulated, while pattern recognition receptors and complement and adaptive immune processes were upregulated and the ability of gill supernatant to inhibit pathogenic bacteria decreased in the 0.5 and 2 μg/L MC-LR groups. The transcriptions of epithelial barrier components (e.g., CLDN1) were significantly decreased in MC-LR-exposed gills, while the gill content of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) endotoxins and the transcriptions of downstream responsive genes (e.g., TLR4 and NF-κB) were concurrently increased. In addition, the number of eosinophils and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-1β and TNF-α) were increased. These results imply that exposure of tadpoles to low environmentally concentrations of MC-LR leads to inflammation, increased permeability, and a reduced ability to inhibit pathogenic bacteria. The epithelial cells of inner gill filaments increased and transcriptions of hypoxic stress genes (e.g., HIF-1α, FLT1, and SERPINE1) were upregulated within the exposed group. As a consequence, exposure to MC-LR may lead to hypoxic stress. MC-LR exposure also drove gill microbiota to a dysbiosis. The relative abundance of Elizabethkingia was positively correlated with content of LPS and transcriptions of NF-κB and TNF-α. Overall, this study presents the first evidence about the pronounced impacts of MC-LR exposure on gills of amphibians, highlighting the susceptibility of early developing tadpoles to the environmental risks of MC-LR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Jiang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-Founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China; (H.J.); (J.H.); (H.W.); (L.Z.); (X.W.); (H.Z.)
| | - Jun He
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-Founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China; (H.J.); (J.H.); (H.W.); (L.Z.); (X.W.); (H.Z.)
| | - Hui Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-Founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China; (H.J.); (J.H.); (H.W.); (L.Z.); (X.W.); (H.Z.)
| | - Lingling Zheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-Founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China; (H.J.); (J.H.); (H.W.); (L.Z.); (X.W.); (H.Z.)
| | - Xiaoran Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-Founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China; (H.J.); (J.H.); (H.W.); (L.Z.); (X.W.); (H.Z.)
| | - Huijuan Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-Founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China; (H.J.); (J.H.); (H.W.); (L.Z.); (X.W.); (H.Z.)
| | - Hailong Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-Founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China; (H.J.); (J.H.); (H.W.); (L.Z.); (X.W.); (H.Z.)
- Correspondence: (H.W.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yilin Shu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-Founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China; (H.J.); (J.H.); (H.W.); (L.Z.); (X.W.); (H.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- Correspondence: (H.W.); (Y.S.)
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