1
|
Binayke A, Zaheer A, Vishwakarma S, Singh S, Sharma P, Chandwaskar R, Gosain M, Raghavan S, Murugesan DR, Kshetrapal P, Thiruvengadam R, Bhatnagar S, Pandey AK, Garg PK, Awasthi A. A quest for universal anti-SARS-CoV-2 T cell assay: systematic review, meta-analysis, and experimental validation. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:3. [PMID: 38167915 PMCID: PMC10762233 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00794-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Measuring SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses is crucial to understanding an individual's immunity to COVID-19. However, high inter- and intra-assay variability make it difficult to define T cells as a correlate of protection against COVID-19. To address this, we performed systematic review and meta-analysis of 495 datasets from 94 original articles evaluating SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses using three assays - Activation Induced Marker (AIM), Intracellular Cytokine Staining (ICS), and Enzyme-Linked Immunospot (ELISPOT), and defined each assay's quantitative range. We validated these ranges using samples from 193 SARS-CoV-2-exposed individuals. Although IFNγ ELISPOT was the preferred assay, our experimental validation suggested that it under-represented the SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell repertoire. Our data indicate that a combination of AIM and ICS or FluoroSpot assay would better represent the frequency, polyfunctionality, and compartmentalization of the antigen-specific T cell responses. Taken together, our results contribute to defining the ranges of antigen-specific T cell assays and propose a choice of assay that can be employed to better understand the cellular immune response against viral diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Binayke
- Immunology Core Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
- Centre for Immunobiology and Immunotherapy, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
- Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Aymaan Zaheer
- Immunology Core Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | - Siddhesh Vishwakarma
- Immunology Core Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | - Savita Singh
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- Immunology Core Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | - Rucha Chandwaskar
- Department of Microbiology, AMITY University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Mudita Gosain
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | | | | | | | - Ramachandran Thiruvengadam
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
- Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry, India
| | | | | | - Pramod Kumar Garg
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Amit Awasthi
- Immunology Core Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India.
- Centre for Immunobiology and Immunotherapy, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hussain S, Naseer F, Kanani F, Aijaz J. Evaluating long-term antibody responses to booster doses of COVID-19 vaccines in the Pakistani population. Pak J Med Sci 2024; 40:S28-S34. [PMID: 38328653 PMCID: PMC10844906 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.40.2(icon).8951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background & Objective Nearly 80 million of the Pakistani population received two doses of the BBIBP-CorV vaccine, against SARS-CoV-2, and 2.6 million people received heterologous booster doses up to February 2022. Our objective was to measure the long-term change of antibody titers in persons vaccinated with Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 following two doses of BBIBP-CorV. Methods Serum specimens from forty-three participants were collected 4-8 weeks following two doses of BBIBP-CorV at the Indus Hospital & Health Network, Karachi. A second set of serum specimens were collected 2-12 months after Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 booster dose administration. Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay (CMIA, Abbott Alinity Quant), and the pseudotyped lentivirus antibody neutralization assay were performed on all specimens. The latter assay was reported as log half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50), calculated using a nonlinear regression algorithm (log [inhibitor] versus normalized response variable slope) in Graph Pad Prism 9. Paired sample t-test was used to ascertain the statistical significance of the difference in means of antibody titers obtained before and after the booster vaccine doses. Results Mean log10 values obtained with CMIA before and after the booster dose were 2.90 AU/mL and 3.87 AU/mL respectively, while the corresponding log10 IC50 values obtained through pseudotyped lentivirus antibody neutralization assay were 2.45 and 2.80. These differences were statistically significant with CMIA (p = <0.00001), but not with pseudotyped lentivirus antibody neutralization assay (p = 0.06318.). Conclusion A heterologous booster dose with Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine following two doses of BBIBP results in increased total antibody titers, though neutralizing antibody titers may start to wane a few months after the booster dose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shakir Hussain
- Shakir Hussain, Molecular Biology Section, Pathology Department, Indus Hospital & Health Network, Karachi 75190, Pakistan
| | - Fouzia Naseer
- Fouzia Naseer, Molecular Biology Section, Pathology Department, Indus Hospital & Health Network, Karachi 75190, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Kanani
- Fatima Kanani, Chemical Pathology Section, Pathology Department, Indus Hospital & Health Network, Karachi 75190, Pakistan
| | - Javeria Aijaz
- Javeria Aijaz, Molecular Biology Section, Pathology Department, Indus Hospital & Health Network, Karachi 75190, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sharif H, Ghani H, Ahmad L, Bagol S, Wong J, Tan CW, Zhu F, Wang LF, Naing L, Cunningham AC. Heterologous prime-boost with mRNA-1273 stimulates persistent neutralising antibodies in BBIBP-CorV-vaccinated individuals. Vaccine 2023; 41:6910-6913. [PMID: 37880070 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
BBIBP-CorV inactivated vaccine is one of the most prevalent vaccines globally, but immune responses are far less studied than novel COVID-19 vaccine platforms. Longitudinal studies on BBIBP-CorV with homologous and heterologous booster doses are limited. This study follows a subset of participants from a national study comparing the immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines and levels of SARS-CoV-2 neutralising antibody (NAb). Homologous and heterologous booster dose significantly increased NAb levels in BBIBP-CorV-vaccinated individuals. Similar NAb levels were observed 1 month following BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 booster. Interestingly, NAb persisted following mRNA-1273 booster (n = 95), but waned significantly at 6 and 9 months following BNT162b2 booster (n = 50; P > 0.001). The persistence of NAb was also observed following breakthrough infection. This study provides evidence that not all mRNA vaccines are equal in the longer term and should provide valuable information for policy makers planning booster programmes for BBIBP-CorV vaccinated populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanisah Sharif
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam.
| | - Hazim Ghani
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Liyana Ahmad
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Saifuddien Bagol
- Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health, Commonwealth Drive, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Justin Wong
- Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health, Commonwealth Drive, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Chee Wah Tan
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS (National University of Singapore) Medical School, Singapore
| | - Feng Zhu
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS (National University of Singapore) Medical School, Singapore
| | - Lin-Fa Wang
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS (National University of Singapore) Medical School, Singapore
| | - Lin Naing
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Anne C Cunningham
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Stoma I, Korsak K, Voropaev E, Osipkina O, Kovalev A. Comparative immunogenicity and safety of Gam-COVID-Vac and Sinopharm BBIBP-CorV vaccines: results of a pilot clinical study. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21877. [PMID: 38027828 PMCID: PMC10658338 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction There are few comparative studies on efficiency of broad range COVID19 vaccination strategy. This pilot aims to describe the effect of mixed COVID19 vaccination on vaccination adoption and subsequent total immunity, Conducted in Republic of Belarus, this pilot clinical study shows varying immunogenic responses to Sputnik V (Gam-COVID-Vac), Russian Federation (RF) and Sinopharm (BBIBP-CorV), People's Republic of China (PRC) vaccines. Objective To compare the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of Sputnik V (Gam-COVID-Vac) and Sinopharm (BBIBP-CorV) vaccines in vaccinated individuals.Materials and MethodsA total of 60 adults participated in the present study. The immune response after vaccination was assessed using enzyme immunoassay. IgG levels were measured in all participants at three time points: before vaccination, on the 42nd day after the first vaccine dose, and in 6 months after the first vaccine dose. Age, sex of participants, vaccine type, history of COVID-19/IgG seropositivity were included in the multivariate analysis. The results of the SARS-CoV-2 infection antibody test were quantified according to the WHO First International Standard (NIBSC code:20/136) and measured in international units (BAU/ml). Results The study participants (n = 60) were divided into two groups where 50 % (n = 30) were vaccinated with Sputnik V (Gam-COVID-Vac), and 50 % (n = 30) were vaccinated with Sinopharm (BBIBP-CorV). Women represented 63 % and 77 % of Sputnik V and Sinopharm groups, respectively. The IgG levels on day 42 after the first vaccine dose were: Sputnik V (Gam-COVID-Vac): Me = 650.4 (642.2-669.4); Sinopharm (BBIBP-CorV: Me = 376.5 (290.9-526.4) (UMann-Whitney = 164, p = 0.000024). The IgG levels in 6 months after the first vaccine dose were: Sputnik V (Gam-COVID-Vac)Me = 608.7 (574.6-647.1); Sinopharm (BBIBP-CorV) Me = 106.3 (78.21-332.4); (UMann-Whitney = 172.5, p-value = 0.000042)). In a multivariate model Sputnik V vaccine type and IgG seropositivity at the baseline were significantly associated with higher levels of IgG both at 42 days and 6 months post-vaccination. Reactions after vaccination appeared in 27 vaccinated people (45 %). Conclusion This pilot study demonstrated that Sputnik V (Gam-COVID-Vac) vaccine was more immunogenic than Sinopharm (BBIBP-CorV) vaccine. IgG levels in vaccinated individuals who previously recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection (hybrid immunity) were higher than in SARS-CoV-2 infection immune-naive people. Reactions after vaccines administration were mild to moderate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Stoma
- Gomel state medical university, Gomel, Belarus
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hasan Z, Masood KI, Qaiser S, Khan E, Hussain A, Ghous Z, Khan U, Yameen M, Hassan I, Nasir MI, Qazi MF, Memon HA, Ali S, Baloch S, Bhutta ZA, Veldhoen M, Pedro Simas J, Mahmood SF, Ghias K, Hussain R. Investigating the impact of prior COVID-19 on IgG antibody and interferon γ responses after BBIBP-CorV vaccination in a disease endemic population: A prospective observational study. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1521. [PMID: 37692793 PMCID: PMC10486204 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims COVID-19 vaccinations have reduced morbidity and mortality from the disease. Antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) have been associated with immune protection. Seroprevalence studies revealed high immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody levels to SARS-CoV-2 in the Pakistani population before vaccinations. We investigated the effect of BBIBP-CorV vaccination on circulating IgG antibodies and interferon (IFN)-γ from T cells measured in a cohort of healthy individuals, with respect to age, gender, and history of COVID-19. Methods The study was conducted between April and October 2021. BBIBP-CorV vaccinated participants were followed up to 24 weeks. Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein and its receptor-binding domain (RBD) were measured. IFNγ secreted by whole blood stimulation of Spike protein and extended genome antigens was determined. Results Study participants with a history of prior COVID-19 displayed a higher magnitude of IgG antibodies to Spike and RBD. IgG seropositivity was greater in those with prior COVID-19, aged 50 years or younger and in females. At 24 weeks after vaccination, 37.4% of participants showed IFN-γ responses to SARS-CoV-2 antigens. T cell IFN-γ release was higher in those with prior COVID-19 and those aged 50 years or less. Highest IFN-γ release was observed to extended genome antigens in individuals both with and without prior COVID-19. Conclusion We found that IgG seropositivity to both Spike and RBD was affected by prior COVID-19, age and gender. Importantly, seropositive responses persisted up to 24 weeks after vaccination. Persistence of vaccine induced IgG antibodies may be linked to the high seroprevalence observed earlier in unvaccinated individuals. Increased T cell reactivity to Spike and extended genome antigens reflects cellular activation induced by BBIBP-CorV. COVID-19 vaccination may have longer lasting immune responses in populations with a higher seroprevalence. These data inform on vaccination booster policies for high-risk groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Hasan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineAga Khan UniversityKarachiPakistan
| | - Kiran Iqbal Masood
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineAga Khan UniversityKarachiPakistan
| | - Shama Qaiser
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineAga Khan UniversityKarachiPakistan
| | - Erum Khan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineAga Khan UniversityKarachiPakistan
| | - Areeba Hussain
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineAga Khan UniversityKarachiPakistan
| | - Zara Ghous
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineAga Khan UniversityKarachiPakistan
| | - Unab Khan
- Department of Family MedicineAga Khan UniversityKarachiPakistan
| | - Maliha Yameen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineAga Khan UniversityKarachiPakistan
| | - Imran Hassan
- Department of Family MedicineAga Khan UniversityKarachiPakistan
| | | | | | - Haris Ali Memon
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineAga Khan UniversityKarachiPakistan
| | - Shiza Ali
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineAga Khan UniversityKarachiPakistan
| | - Sadaf Baloch
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineAga Khan UniversityKarachiPakistan
| | - Zulfiqar A. Bhutta
- Center of Excellence in Women and Child HealthAga Khan UniversityKarachiPakistan
- Center for Global Child HealthHospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoCanada
| | - Marc Veldhoen
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal
| | - J. Pedro Simas
- Católica Biomedical Research Center, Católica Medical SchoolUniversidade Católica PortuguesaLisboaPortugal
| | | | - Kulsoom Ghias
- Department of Biological and Biomedical SciencesAga Khan UniversityKarachiPakistan
| | - Rabia Hussain
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineAga Khan UniversityKarachiPakistan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zamani P, Mashreghi M, Rezazade Bazaz M, Zargari S, Alizadeh F, Dorrigiv M, Abdoli A, Aminianfar H, Hatamipour M, Zarqi J, Behboodifar S, Samsami Y, Khorshid Sokhangouy S, Sefidbakht Y, Uskoković V, Rezayat SM, Jaafari MR, Mozaffari-Jovin S. Characterization of stability, safety and immunogenicity of the mRNA lipid nanoparticle vaccine Iribovax® against COVID-19 in nonhuman primates. J Control Release 2023; 360:316-334. [PMID: 37355212 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
mRNA-lipid nanoparticle (mRNA-LNP) vaccines have proved their efficacy, versatility and unprecedented manufacturing speed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Here we report on the physicochemical properties, thermostability, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy of the nucleoside-modified mRNA-LNP vaccine candidate Iribovax® (also called SNEG2c). Injection of BALB/c mice, rabbits and nonhuman primates with two doses of SNEG2c induced production of high-titers of SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific and receptor-binding domain (RBD)-neutralizing antibodies in immunized animals. In addition to the strong humoral response, SNEG2c elicited substantial Th1-biased T-cell response. Sera from rhesus macaques immunized with a low dose of the vaccine showed robust spike-specific antibody titers 3-24× as high as those in convalescent sera from a panel of COVID-19 patients and 50% virus neutralization geometric mean titer of 1024 against SARS-CoV-2. Strikingly, immunization with SNEG2c completely cleared infectious SARS-CoV-2 from the upper and lower respiratory tracts of challenged macaques and protected them from viral-induced lung and trachea lesions. In contrast, the non-vaccinated macaques developed moderate to severe pulmonary pathology after the viral challenge. We present the results of repeat-dose and local tolerance toxicity and thermostability studies showing how the physicochemical properties of the mRNA-LNPs change over time and demonstrating that SNEG2 is safe, well tolerated and stable for long-term. These results support the planned human trials of SNEG2c.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Zamani
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mashreghi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahere Rezazade Bazaz
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Research Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Selma Zargari
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Alizadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahyar Dorrigiv
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Asghar Abdoli
- Pasteur Institute of Iran, Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Tehran, Iran; Amirabad Virology Laboratory, Vaccine Unit, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Aminianfar
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Hatamipour
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Javad Zarqi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saeed Behboodifar
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Yalda Samsami
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saeideh Khorshid Sokhangouy
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Yahya Sefidbakht
- Protein Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vuk Uskoković
- College of Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Seyed Mahdi Rezayat
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Sina Mozaffari-Jovin
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Soltani H, Taghizade S, Sadeghi A, Farahat A, Owlia MB. Pernicious Anemia Following COVID-19 Vaccination: A Report of Two Cases. Int J Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Res 2023; 17:220-223. [PMID: 37817969 PMCID: PMC10560650 DOI: 10.18502/ijhoscr.v17i3.13312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Since December 2019 and the global epidemic of COVID-19 different countries have focused on vaccines, and one of the inactivated produced vaccines was the Sinopharm COVID-19 vaccine. Some side effects of this vaccine were reported previously, including pain at the vaccination site, fatigue, lethargy, headache, and tenderness, which were more prevalent among individuals <49 years old. Herein, we reported two patients aged 45 and 51 years old. Both patients have different signs and symptoms after receiving the second dose of the vaccine. None had a history of chronic disease. On examination and following labs and other diagnostic investigations, we found megaloblastic anemia due to atrophic gastritis and low intrinsic factor. These cases showed an autoimmune side effect of the Sinopharm COVID-19 vaccine that was previously reported with an exact mechanism but other features called Covid Arm, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and thrombocytopenia. The mechanism of this reaction is unclear yet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Soltani
- Deparement of Rheumatology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Saeb Taghizade
- Department of Biology, Medical Biotechnology Research Center, Ashkezar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ashkezar, Yazd, Iran
| | - Abdolrahim Sadeghi
- Department of Radiology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Ali Farahat
- Department of Hematology and Oncology٫ Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences٫Yazd٫ Iran
| | - Mohammad Bagher Owlia
- Deparement of Rheumatology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Khan UI, Niaz M, Azam I, Hasan Z, Hassan I, Mahmood SF, Ali A. Effectiveness of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infections among healthcare personnel in Pakistan: a test-negative case-control study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e071789. [PMID: 37369396 PMCID: PMC10410856 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-071789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE During the COVID-19 pandemic, several vaccines that were efficacious in randomised controlled trials were authorised for mass vaccination. In developing countries, inactivated vaccines were widely administered. While inactivated vaccines have been deemed effective in reducing disease severity, for healthcare personnel (HCP), effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 infections is essential to reduce the risk to vulnerable patients and ensure a stable healthcare workforce. There are limited studies examining inactivated vaccines' effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) in real-world settings. We estimated the effectiveness of inactivated vaccines (BBIBP-CorV and CoronaVac) against reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR)-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections among HCP in the setting of emerging SARS-CoV-2 VOCs in Pakistan. DESIGN A retrospective matched, test-negative case-control analysis using existing data from an Employee Health database on HCP at a large, private healthcare system in Pakistan. PARTICIPANTS 4599 HCP were tested between 1 April and 30 September 2021. Each case (PCR positive) was matched to two to six controls (PCR negative) by the date of the RT-PCR test (±7 days) to reduce bias. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was vaccine effectiveness (VE) against SARS-CoV-2 infection. The secondary outcome was VE against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. Per cent VE was calculated using (1-OR)*100, with the OR of getting a PCR-confirmed SARS-COV-2 infection estimated using conditional logistic regression, after adjusting for age, gender, work area and history of SARS-CoV-2 infection. RESULTS Inactivated vaccines were ineffective against SARS-CoV-2 infections after receiving the first dose (VE 17%, 95% CI -10, 39; p=0.261). They showed modest effectiveness ≥14 days after the second dose against SARS-CoV-2 infections (VE 30%, 95% CI 7, 48; p=0.015) and symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections (VE 33%, 95% CI 6, 52; p=0.002). CONCLUSIONS Inactivated vaccines show modest effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 infections in the setting of emerging VOCs. This builds a strong case for boosters and/or additional vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahnoor Niaz
- Department of Family Medicine, Dean's Clinical Research Fellowship Program, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Iqbal Azam
- Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zahra Hasan
- Pathology, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Imran Hassan
- Family Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Asad Ali
- Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ulinici M, Suljič A, Poggianella M, Milan Bonotto R, Resman Rus K, Paraschiv A, Bonetti AM, Todiras M, Corlateanu A, Groppa S, Ceban E, Petrovec M, Marcello A. Characterisation of the Antibody Response in Sinopharm (BBIBP-CorV) Recipients and COVID-19 Convalescent Sera from the Republic of Moldova. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11030637. [PMID: 36992221 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The early availability of effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2, the aetiologic cause of COVID-19, has been at the cornerstone of the global recovery from the pandemic. This study aimed to assess the antispike RBD IgG antibody titres and neutralisation potential of COVID-19 convalescent plasma and the sera of Moldovan adults vaccinated with the Sinopharm BBIBP-CorV vaccine. An IgG ELISA with recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD and two pseudovirus-based neutralisation assays have been developed to evaluate neutralising antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in biosafety level 2 containment facilities. A significant moderate correlation was observed between IgG titres and the overall neutralising levels for each neutralisation assay (ρ = 0.64, p < 0.001; ρ = 0.52, p < 0.001). A separate analysis of convalescent and vaccinated individuals showed a higher correlation of neutralising and IgG titres in convalescent individuals (ρ = 0.68, p < 0.001, ρ = 0.45, p < 0.001) compared with vaccinated individuals (ρ = 0.58, p < 0.001; ρ = 0.53, p < 0.001). It can be concluded that individuals who recovered from infection developed higher levels of antispike RBD IgG antibodies. In comparison, the Sinopharm-vaccinated individuals produced higher levels of neutralising antibodies than convalescent plasma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Ulinici
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2004 Chisinau, Moldova
- Alfa Diagnostica Laboratory, 2021 Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Alen Suljič
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Monica Poggianella
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Rafaela Milan Bonotto
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Katarina Resman Rus
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Angela Paraschiv
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2004 Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Amedeo Marco Bonetti
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Mihail Todiras
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2004 Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Alexandru Corlateanu
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2004 Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Stanislav Groppa
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2004 Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Emil Ceban
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2004 Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Miroslav Petrovec
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alessandro Marcello
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), 34149 Trieste, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pushpakumara PD, Jeewandara C, Bary F, Madushanka D, Perera L, Aberathna IS, Nimasha T, Jayamali J, Ranasinghe T, Kuruppu H, Danasekara S, Wijewickrama A, Ogg GS, Malavige GN. Identification of differences in the magnitude and specificity of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antibody responses in naturally infected and vaccinated individuals. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.01.05.23284247. [PMID: 36656781 PMCID: PMC9844014 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.05.23284247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background As there are limited data on B cell epitopes for the nucleocapsid protein in SARS-CoV-2, we sought to identify the immunodominant regions within the N protein, recognized by patients with varying severity of natural infection with the Wuhan strain (WT), delta, omicron and in those who received the Sinopharm vaccines, which is an inactivated, whole virus vaccine. Methods Using overlapping peptides representing the N protein, with an in-house ELISA, we mapped the immunodominant regions within the N protein, in seronegative (n=30), WT infected (n=30), delta infected (n=30), omicron infected+vaccinated (n=20) and Sinopharm (BBIBP-CorV) vaccinees (n=30). We then investigated the sensitivity and specificity of these immunodominant regions and analysed their conservation with other SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, seasonal human coronaviruses and bat Sarbecoviruses. We then investigated the kinetics of responses to these regions in those with varying severity of acute COVID-19. Results We identified four immunodominant regions aa 29-52, aa 155-178, aa 274 to 297 and aa 365 to 388, were highly conserved within SARS-CoV-2 and the bat coronaviruses. The magnitude of responses to these regions varied based on the infecting SARS-CoV-2 variants, with WT infected individuals predominantly recognizing aa155 to 178 regions, delta infected individuals and vaccinated+omicron infected individuals predominantly recognizing regions aa 29 to 52 and aa 274 to 294 regions. Sinopharm vaccinees recognized all four regions, with the magnitude of responses significantly lower than other groups. >80% of individuals gave responses above the positive cut-off threshold to many of the four regions, with some differences with individuals who were infected with different VoCs. These regions were found to be 100% specific, as none of the seronegative individuals gave any responses. Conclusions N-protein specific responses appear to be detectable in over 90% of those who were naturally infected or vaccinated with a whole virus inactivated vaccine, with responses mainly directed against four regions of the protein, which were highly conserved. As these regions were highly specific with high sensitivity, they have a potential to be used to develop diagnostic assays and to be used in development of vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep D Pushpakumara
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Chandima Jeewandara
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Farha Bary
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Deshan Madushanka
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Lahiru Perera
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Inoka Sepali Aberathna
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Thashmi Nimasha
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Jeewantha Jayamali
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Thushali Ranasinghe
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Heshan Kuruppu
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Saubhagya Danasekara
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Graham S Ogg
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Gathsaurie Neelika Malavige
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
An Immunological Review of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Vaccine Serology: Innate and Adaptive Responses to mRNA, Adenovirus, Inactivated and Protein Subunit Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 11:vaccines11010051. [PMID: 36679897 PMCID: PMC9865970 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, which is defined by its positive-sense single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) structure. It is in the order Nidovirales, suborder Coronaviridae, genus Betacoronavirus, and sub-genus Sarbecovirus (lineage B), together with two bat-derived strains with a 96% genomic homology with other bat coronaviruses (BatCoVand RaTG13). Thus far, two Alphacoronavirus strains, HCoV-229E and HCoV-NL63, along with five Betacoronaviruses, HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-OC43, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2, have been recognized as human coronaviruses (HCoVs). SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in more than six million deaths worldwide since late 2019. The appearance of this novel virus is defined by its high and variable transmission rate (RT) and coexisting asymptomatic and symptomatic propagation within and across animal populations, which has a longer-lasting impact. Most current therapeutic methods aim to reduce the severity of COVID-19 hospitalization and virus symptoms, preventing the infection from progressing from acute to chronic in vulnerable populations. Now, pharmacological interventions including vaccines and others exist, with research ongoing. The only ethical approach to developing herd immunity is to develop and provide vaccines and therapeutics that can potentially improve on the innate and adaptive system responses at the same time. Therefore, several vaccines have been developed to provide acquired immunity to SARS-CoV-2 induced COVID-19-disease. The initial evaluations of the COVID-19 vaccines began in around 2020, followed by clinical trials carried out during the pandemic with ongoing population adverse effect monitoring by respective regulatory agencies. Therefore, durability and immunity provided by current vaccines requires further characterization with more extensive available data, as is presented in this paper. When utilized globally, these vaccines may create an unidentified pattern of antibody responses or memory B and T cell responses that need to be further researched, some of which can now be compared within laboratory and population studies here. Several COVID-19 vaccine immunogens have been presented in clinical trials to assess their safety and efficacy, inducing cellular antibody production through cellular B and T cell interactions that protect against infection. This response is defined by virus-specific antibodies (anti-N or anti-S antibodies), with B and T cell characterization undergoing extensive research. In this article, we review four types of contemporary COVID-19 vaccines, comparing their antibody profiles and cellular aspects involved in coronavirus immunology across several population studies.
Collapse
|
12
|
Abufares HI, Oyoun Alsoud L, Alqudah MAY, Shara M, Soares NC, Alzoubi KH, El-Huneidi W, Bustanji Y, Soliman SSM, Semreen MH. COVID-19 Vaccines, Effectiveness, and Immune Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:15415. [PMID: 36499742 PMCID: PMC9737588 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has captivated the globe's attention since its emergence in 2019. This highly infectious, spreadable, and dangerous pathogen has caused health, social, and economic crises. Therefore, a worldwide collaborative effort was made to find an efficient strategy to overcome and develop vaccines. The new vaccines provide an effective immune response that safeguards the community from the virus' severity. WHO has approved nine vaccines for emergency use based on safety and efficacy data collected from various conducted clinical trials. Herein, we review the safety and effectiveness of the WHO-approved COVID-19 vaccines and associated immune responses, and their impact on improving the public's health. Several immunological studies have demonstrated that vaccination dramatically enhances the immune response and reduces the likelihood of future infections in previously infected individuals. However, the type of vaccination and individual health status can significantly affect immune responses. Exposure of healthy individuals to adenovirus vectors or mRNA vaccines causes the early production of antibodies from B and T cells. On the other hand, unhealthy individuals were more likely to experience harmful events due to relapses in their existing conditions. Taken together, aligning with the proper vaccination to a patient's case can result in better outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haneen Imad Abufares
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Leen Oyoun Alsoud
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammad A. Y. Alqudah
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohd Shara
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nelson C. Soares
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Karem H. Alzoubi
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Waseem El-Huneidi
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yasser Bustanji
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sameh S. M. Soliman
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammad H. Semreen
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Puthanakit T, Nantanee R, Jaru-Ampornpan P, Chantasrisawad N, Sophonphan J, Meepuksom T, Jupimai T, Sodsai P, Anugulruengkitt S, Hirankarn N. Heterologous Prime-boost of SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine and mRNA BNT162b2 among Healthy Thai Adolescents. Vaccine X 2022; 12:100211. [PMID: 36059600 PMCID: PMC9422341 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2022.100211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterologous prime-boost vaccination with SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine and mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine was immunogenic. The longer 6-week interval between doses had a higher immune response than the standard 3-week interval. Boosters with BNT162b2 after CoronaVac and BNT162b2 vaccine primary series at 5-month interval provided high immunogenicity against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant.
Background Heterologous prime-boost SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is a widely accepted strategy during the COVID-19 pandemic, which generated a superior immune response than homologous vaccination strategy. Objective To describe immunogenicity of heterologous prime-boost vaccination with inactivated vaccine, CoronaVac, followed by BNT162b2 and 5-month booster dose with BNT162b2 in healthy Thai adolescents. Methods Adolescents aged 12–18 years were randomized 1:1:1:1 to receive CoronaVac (SV) followed by BNT162b2 (PZ) 30 or 20 µg at either 3- or 6-week interval (SV3w/PZ30µg, SV3w/PZ20µg, SV6w/PZ30µg or SV6w/PZ20µg). During the Omicron-predominant period, participants were offered a BNT162b2 booster dose 30, 15, or 10 µg. Immunogenicity was determined using IgG antibody against spike-receptor-binding domain of wild type(anti-S-RBD IgG) and surrogate virus neutralization test(sVNT) against Delta variant at 14 days and 5 months after the 2nd dose. Neutralization tests(sVNT and pseudovirus neutralization test; pVNT) against Omicron strain were tested pre- and 14 days post-booster dose. Results In October 2021, 76 adolescents with a median age of 14.3 years (IQR 12.7–16.0) were enrolled: 20 in SV3w/PZ30µg; 17 in SV3w/PZ20µg; 20 in SV6w/PZ30µg; 19 in SV6w/PZ20µg. At day 14, the geometric mean(GM) of anti-S-RBD IgG in SV3w/PZ30µg was 4713 (95 %CI 4127–5382) binding-antibody unit (BAU)/ml, while geometric mean ratio(GMR) was 1.28 (1.09–1.51) in SV6w/PZ30µg. The GMs of sVNT against Delta variants at day 14 among participants in SV3w/PZ30µg and SV6wk/PZ30µg arm were 95.3 % and 99.7 %inhibition, respectively. At 5 months, GMs of sVNT against Delta variants in SV3w/PZ30µg were significantly declined to 47.8 % but remained at 89.0 % inhibition among SV6w/PZ30µg arm. In April 2022, 52 adolescents received a BNT162b2 booster dose. Proportion of participants with sVNT against Omicron strain > 80 %inhibition was significantly increased from 3.8 % pre-booster to 67 % post-booster. Proportion of participants with pVNT ID50 > 185 was 42 % at 14 days post 2nd dose and 88 % post booster, respectively. Conclusions Heterologous prime-boost vaccination with CoronaVac followed by BNT162b2 induced high neutralizing titer against SARS-CoV-2 Delta strain. After 5-month interval, booster with BNT162b2 induced high neutralizing titer against Omicron strain. Thai Clinical Trials Registry (thaiclinicaltrials.org): TCTR20210923012.
Collapse
|
14
|
Lim JME, Hang SK, Hariharaputran S, Chia A, Tan N, Lee ES, Chng E, Lim PL, Young BE, Lye DC, Le Bert N, Bertoletti A, Tan AT. A comparative characterization of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells induced by mRNA or inactive virus COVID-19 vaccines. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100793. [PMID: 36257326 PMCID: PMC9534788 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Unlike mRNA vaccines based only on the spike protein, inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines should induce a diversified T cell response recognizing distinct structural proteins. Here, we perform a comparative analysis of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells in healthy individuals following vaccination with inactivated SARS-CoV-2 or mRNA vaccines. Relative to spike mRNA vaccination, inactivated vaccines elicit a lower magnitude of spike-specific T cells, but the combination of membrane, nucleoprotein, and spike-specific T cell response is quantitatively comparable with the sole spike T cell response induced by mRNA vaccine, and they efficiently tolerate the mutations characterizing the Omicron lineage. However, this multi-protein-specific T cell response is not mediated by a coordinated CD4 and CD8 T cell expansion but by selective priming of CD4 T cells. These findings can help in understanding the role of CD4 and CD8 T cells in the efficacy of the different vaccines to control severe COVID-19 after Omicron infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joey Ming Er Lim
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Shou Kit Hang
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Smrithi Hariharaputran
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Adeline Chia
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Nicole Tan
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Eng Sing Lee
- Clinical Research Unit, National Healthcare Group Polyclinics, Singapore 138543, Singapore,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Edwin Chng
- Parkway Shenton Pte Ltd, Singapore 048583, Singapore
| | - Poh Lian Lim
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore 308232, Singapore,National Center of Infectious Diseases, Singapore 308442, Singapore,Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Singapore
| | - Barnaby E. Young
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore 308232, Singapore,National Center of Infectious Diseases, Singapore 308442, Singapore,Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Singapore
| | - David Chien Lye
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore 308232, Singapore,National Center of Infectious Diseases, Singapore 308442, Singapore,Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Singapore,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Nina Le Bert
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Antonio Bertoletti
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore,Singapore Immunology Network, A∗STAR, Singapore 138648, Singapore,Corresponding author
| | - Anthony T. Tan
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore,Corresponding author
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Jeewandara C, Aberathna IS, Danasekara S, Gomes L, Fernando S, Guruge D, Ranasinghe T, Gunasekera B, Kamaladasa A, Kuruppu H, Somathilake G, Jayamali J, Jayathilaka D, Wijayatilake HDK, Pushpakumara PD, Harvie M, Nimasha T, de Silva SDG, Wijayamuni R, Schimanski L, Rijal P, Tan J, Townsend A, Ogg GS, Malavige GN. Comparison of the immunogenicity of five COVID-19 vaccines in Sri Lanka. Immunology 2022; 167:263-274. [PMID: 35751563 PMCID: PMC9349502 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the antibody responses elicited by different vaccines against SARS-CoV-2, we compared antibody responses in individuals 3 months post-vaccination in those who had received different vaccines in Sri Lanka. Abs to the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the ancestral (wild type) virus (WT) as well as to variants of concern (VoCs), and ACE2 blocking Abs, were assessed in individuals vaccinated with Moderna (n = 225), Sputnik V (n = 128) or Sputnik light (n = 184) and the results were compared with previously reported data on Sinopharm and AZD1222 vaccinees. A total of 99.5% of Moderna, >94% of AZD1222 or Sputnik V and >70% of Sputnik light, >60% of Sinopharm vaccine recipients, had a positive response to ACE2 blocking antibodies. The ACE2 blocking antibody levels were highest to lowest was Moderna > Sputnik V/AZD1222 (had equal levels) > Sputnik light > Sinopharm. All Moderna recipients had antibodies to the RBD of WT, alpha and beta, while positivity rates for delta variant was 80%. The positivity rates for Sputnik V vaccinees for the WT and VoCs were higher than for AZD1222 vaccinees while those who received Sinopharm had the lowest positivity rates (<16.7%). The total antibodies to the RBD were highest for the Sputnik V and AZD1222 vaccinees. The Moderna vaccine elicited the highest ACE2 blocking antibody levels followed by Sputnik V/AZD1222, while those who received Sinopharm had the lowest levels. These findings highlight the need for further studies to understand the effects on clinical outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chandima Jeewandara
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Inoka Sepali Aberathna
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Saubhagya Danasekara
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Laksiri Gomes
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | | | | | - Thushali Ranasinghe
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Banuri Gunasekera
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Achala Kamaladasa
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Heshan Kuruppu
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Gayasha Somathilake
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Jeewantha Jayamali
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Deshni Jayathilaka
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Pradeep Darshana Pushpakumara
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Michael Harvie
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Thashmi Nimasha
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | | | | | - Lisa Schimanski
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Centre for Translational Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Pramila Rijal
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Centre for Translational Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jack Tan
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Centre for Translational Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alain Townsend
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Centre for Translational Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Graham S Ogg
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Centre for Translational Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gathsaurie Neelika Malavige
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka.,Centre for Translational Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Li T, Luo KQ. Recipients of COVID-19 vaccines face challenges of SARS-CoV-2 variants. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:4642-4647. [PMID: 35874950 PMCID: PMC9305267 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.72424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has been rampant since 2019, severely affecting global public health, and causing 5.75 million deaths worldwide. So far, many vaccines have been developed to prevent the infection of SARS-CoV-2 virus. However, the emergence of new variants may threat vaccine recipients as they might evade immunological surveillance that depends on the using of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody to neutralize the viral particles. Recent studies have found that recipients who received two doses of vaccination plus an additional booster shoot were able to quickly elevate neutralization response and immune response against wild-type SARS-CoV-2 virus and some initially appeared viral variants. In this review, we assessed the real-world effectiveness of different COVID-19 vaccines by population studies and neutralization assays and compared neutralization responses of booster vaccines in vitro. Finally, as the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccine is expected to decline over time, continued vaccination should be considered to achieve a long-term immune protection against coronavirus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianhong Li
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Kathy Qian Luo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.,Ministry of Education-Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wu F, Luo S, Zhang Y, Hairui Wang Zhaofei Guo Chunting He Shuting Bai Penghui He Min Jiang Xiaoyan Chen Guangsheng Du Xun Sun YO. Single-shot AAV-vectored vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 with fast and long-lasting immunity. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 13:2219-2233. [PMID: 35846427 PMCID: PMC9273293 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the insufficient long-term protection and significant efficacy reduction to new variants of current COVID-19 vaccines, the epidemic prevention and control are still challenging. Here, we employ a capsid and antigen structure engineering (CASE) strategy to manufacture an adeno-associated viral serotype 6-based vaccine (S663V-RBD), which expresses trimeric receptor binding domain (RBD) of spike protein fused with a biological adjuvant RS09. Impressively, the engineered S663V-RBD could rapidly induce a satisfactory RBD-specific IgG titer within 2 weeks and maintain the titer for more than 4 months. Compared to the licensed BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm, China), a single-dose S663V-RBD induced more endurable and robust immune responses in mice and elicited superior neutralizing antibodies against three typical SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviruses including wild type, C.37 (Lambda) and B.1.617.2 (Delta). More interestingly, the intramuscular injection of S663V-RBD could overcome pre-existing immunity against the capsid. Given its effectiveness, the CASE-based S663V-RBD may provide a new solution for the current and next pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuhua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shuang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yongshun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Jeewandara C, Aberathna IS, Pushpakumara PD, Kamaladasa A, Guruge D, Wijesinghe A, Gunasekera B, Ramu ST, Kuruppu H, Ranasinghe T, Dayarathna S, Dissanayake O, Gamalath N, Ekanayake D, Jayamali J, Jayathilaka D, Dissanayake M, Jayadas TT, Mudunkotuwa A, Somathilake G, Harvie M, Nimasha T, Danasekara S, Wijayamuni R, Schimanski L, Rijal P, Tan TK, Dong T, Townsend A, Ogg GS, Malavige GN. Persistence of immune responses to the Sinopharm/BBIBP-CorV vaccine. Immun Inflamm Dis 2022; 10:e621. [PMID: 35634958 PMCID: PMC9091995 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine the kinetics and persistence of immune responses following the Sinopharm/BBIBP-CorV, we investigated immune responses in a cohort of Sri Lankan individuals. METHODS SARS-CoV-2 specific total antibodies were measured in 20-39 years (n = 61), 40-59 years (n = 120) and those >60 years of age (n = 22) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, 12 weeks after the second dose of the vaccine. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor blocking antibodies (ACE2R-Ab), antibodies to the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the ancestral virus (WT) and variants of concern, were measured in a sub cohort. T cell responses and memory B cell responses were assessed by ELISpot assays. RESULTS A total of 193/203 (95.07%) of individuals had detectable SARS-CoV-2 specific total antibodies, while 67/110 (60.9%) had ACE2R-Ab. A total of 14.3%-16.7% individuals in the 20-39 age groups had detectable antibodies to the RBD of the WT and variants of concern, while the positivity rates of those ≥60 years of age was <10%. A total of 14/49 (28.6%) had Interferon gamma ELISpot responses to overlapping peptides of the spike protein, while memory B cell responses were detected in 9/20 to the S1 recombinant protein. The total antibody levels and ACE2R-Ab declined from 2 to 12 weeks from the second dose, while ex vivo T cell responses remained unchanged. The decline in ACE2R-Ab levels was significant among the 40-59 (p = .0007) and ≥60 (p = .005) age groups. CONCLUSIONS Antibody responses declined in all age groups, especially in those ≥60 years, while T cell responses persisted. The effect of waning of immunity on hospitalization and severe disease should be assessed by long term efficacy studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chandima Jeewandara
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Inoka Sepali Aberathna
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Pradeep Darshana Pushpakumara
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Achala Kamaladasa
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Dinuka Guruge
- Public Health Department, Colombo Municipal Council, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Ayesha Wijesinghe
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Banuri Gunasekera
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Shyrar Tanussiya Ramu
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Heshan Kuruppu
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Thushali Ranasinghe
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Shashika Dayarathna
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Osanda Dissanayake
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Nayanathara Gamalath
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Dinithi Ekanayake
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Jeewantha Jayamali
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Deshni Jayathilaka
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Madushika Dissanayake
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Tibutius Thanesh Jayadas
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Anushika Mudunkotuwa
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Gayasha Somathilake
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Michael Harvie
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Thashmi Nimasha
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Saubhagya Danasekara
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Ruwan Wijayamuni
- Public Health Department, Colombo Municipal Council, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Lisa Schimanski
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Centre for Translational Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Pramila Rijal
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Centre for Translational Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tiong K Tan
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Centre for Translational Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tao Dong
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Centre for Translational Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alain Townsend
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Centre for Translational Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Graham S Ogg
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Centre for Translational Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gathsaurie Neelika Malavige
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka.,MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Jeewandara C, Aberathna IS, Dayarathna S, Nimasha T, Ranasinghe T, Jayamali J, Kamaladasa A, Karunanada M, Perera L, Ogg GS, Malavige GN. Comparison of the kinetics and magnitude of antibody responses to different SARS-CoV-2 proteins in Sinopharm/BBIBP-CorV vaccinees following the BNT162b2 booster or natural infection. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274845. [PMID: 36227884 PMCID: PMC9560485 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The kinetics and magnitude of antibody responses to different proteins of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in Sinopharm/BBIBP-CorV vaccinees has not been previously studied. Therefore, we investigated antibody responses to different SARS-CoV-2 proteins at 2 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months post-second dose in previously infected (n = 20) and uninfected (n = 20) Sinopharm/BBIBP-CorV vaccinees. The IgG antibodies to the S, S1 and S2 and N were several folds higher in those who had natural infection compared to uninfected individuals at all time points. We then compared the persistence of antibody responses and effect of natural omicron infection or BNT162b2 booster in Sinopharm/BBIBP-CorV vaccinees. We measured the total antibodies to the RBD, ACE2 blocking antibodies and antibody responses to different SARS-CoV-2 proteins in Sinopharm vaccinees at 7 months post second dose, including those who remained uninfected and not boosted (n = 21), or those who had previous infection and who did not obtain the booster (n = 17), those who were not infected, but who received a BNT162b2 booster (n = 30), or those who did not receive the booster but were infected with omicron (n = 29). At 7 months post second dose uninfected (no booster) had the lowest antibody levels to the RBD, while omicron infected vaccinees showed significantly higher anti-RBD antibody levels (p = 0.04) than vaccinees who received the booster. Only 3/21 cohort A (14.3%) had ACE2 blocking antibodies, while higher frequencies were observed in naturally infected individuals (100%), those who received the booster (18/21, 85.7%), and omicron infected individuals (100%). Pre-vaccination, naturally infected had the highest antibody levels to the N protein. These data suggest that those previously infected Sinopharm/BBIBP-CorV vaccinees have a robust antibody response, 7 months post vaccination, while vaccinees who were naturally infected with omicron had a similar immune response to those who received the booster. It will be important to investigate implications for subsequent clinical protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chandima Jeewandara
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Inoka Sepali Aberathna
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Shashika Dayarathna
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Thashmi Nimasha
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Thushali Ranasinghe
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Jeewantha Jayamali
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Achala Kamaladasa
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Maneshka Karunanada
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Lahiru Perera
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Graham S. Ogg
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Gathsaurie Neelika Malavige
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|