1
|
Ghosh S, Bhuniya T, Dey A, Koley M, Roy P, Bera A, Gol D, Chowdhury A, Chowdhury R, Sen S. An Updated Review on KRAS Mutation in Lung Cancer (NSCLC) and Its Effects on Human Health. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:4661-4678. [PMID: 37897621 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04748-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
The largest cause of cancer-related fatalities worldwide is lung cancer. In its early stages, lung cancer often exhibits no signs or symptoms. Its signs and symptoms often appear when the condition is advanced. The Kirsten rat sarcoma virus oncogene homolog is one of the most frequently mutated oncogenes found in non-small cell lung cancer. Patients who have these mutations may do worse than those who do not, in terms of survival. To understand the nuances in order to choose the best treatment options for each patient, including combination therapy and potential resistance mechanisms, given the quick development of pharmaceuticals, it is necessary to know the factors that might contribute to this disease. It has been observed that single nucleotide polymorphisms altering let-7 micro-RNA might impact cancer propensity. On the other hand, gefitinib fails to stop the oncogenic protein from directly interacting with phosphoinositide3-kinase, which may explain its resistance towards cancer cells. Additionally, Atorvastatin may be able to overpower gefitinib resistance in these cancer cells that have this mutation regardless of the presence of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha. De novo lipogenesis is also regulated by this virus. To overcome these effects, several targeted therapies have been proposed. One such therapy is to use inhibitors of focal adhesion kinases. When this is inhibited, viral oncogene mutant cancers are effectively stopped because it functions downstream of the virus. Mutant oncoproteins like epidermal growth factor receptor may depend on Heat Shock protein90 chaperones more frequently than they do on natural counterparts that make it more attractive therapeutic target for this virus. Inhibition of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway is frequent in lung cancer, and fabrication of inhibitors against this pathway can also be an effective therapeutic strategy. Blocking programmed cell death ligand1 is another therapy that may help T cells to recognize and eliminate cancerous cells. This homolog is a challenging therapeutic target due to its complex structural makeup and myriad biological characteristics. Thanks to the unrelenting efforts of medical research, with the use of some inhibitors, immunotherapy, and other combination methods, this problem is currently expected to be overcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subhrojyoti Ghosh
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, IIT Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600036, India.
| | - Tiyasa Bhuniya
- Department of Biotechnology, NIT Durgapur, Mahatma Gandhi Rd, A-Zone, Durgapur, West Bengal, 713209, India
| | - Anuvab Dey
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, North Guwahati, Assam, IIT Guwahati, Assam-781039, India
| | - Madhurima Koley
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, IIT(ISM), Dhanbad, 826004, India
| | - Preeti Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Mandi, India
| | - Aishi Bera
- Department of Biotechnology, Heritage, Institute of Technology, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700107, India
| | - Debarshi Gol
- Department of Biotechnology, Heritage, Institute of Technology, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700107, India
| | - Ankita Chowdhury
- Department of Biotechnology, Heritage, Institute of Technology, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700107, India
| | - Rajanyaa Chowdhury
- Department of Biotechnology, Heritage, Institute of Technology, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700107, India
| | - Shinjini Sen
- Department of Biotechnology, Heritage, Institute of Technology, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700107, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lucà S, Accardo M, Campione S, Franco R. Immunotherapy in thymic epithelial tumors: tissue predictive biomarkers for immune checkpoint inhibitors. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2024; 5:465-476. [PMID: 38966177 PMCID: PMC11220306 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2024.00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) are rare malignant neoplasms arising in the thymus gland. Nevertheless, TETs, including thymomas (TMs), thymic carcinomas (TCs), and thymic neuroendocrine neoplasms (TNENs), are the most common mediastinal malignancies overall. A multidisciplinary approach is required for the appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic management of TETs. To date, the main therapeutic strategies are largely depended on the stage of the tumor and they include surgery with or without neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy, represented by platinum-based chemotherapy, radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are ongoing under evaluation in the advanced or metastatic diseases despite the challenges related to the very low tumor mutation burden (TMB) and the high incidence of immune-related adverse events in TETs. In this regard, predictive impact of tissue biomarkers expression such as programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1), and other emerging biomarkers, as well as their optimal and shared interpretation are currently under evaluation in order to predict response rates to ICIs in TETs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Lucà
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Marina Accardo
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Severo Campione
- Department of Advanced Diagnostic-Therapeutic Technologies and Health Services Section of Anatomic Pathology, A. Cardarelli Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Renato Franco
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ben Haj Othmen H, Othman H, Khamessi O, Bettaieb I, Gara S, Kharrat M. Overexpression of WT1 in all molecular subtypes of breast cancer and its impact on survival: exploring oncogenic and tumor suppressor roles of distinct WT1 isoforms. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:544. [PMID: 38642153 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09450-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is a highly heterogeneous solid tumor, posing challenges in developing targeted therapies effective for all mammary carcinoma subtypes. WT1 emerges as a promising target for breast cancer therapy due to its potential oncogenic role in various cancer types. Previous works have yielded inconsistent results. Therefore, further studies are needed to clarify the behavior of this complex gene in breast cancer. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we examined WT1 expression in both Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded breast tumors (n = 41) and healthy adjacent tissues (n = 41) samples from newly diagnosed cases of ductal invasive breast cancer. The fold change in gene expression between the tumor and healthy tissue was determined by calculating 2-∆∆Ct. Disease-free survival analysis was computed using the Kaplan-Meier method. To identify the expression levels of different WT1 isoforms, we explored the ISOexpresso database. Relative quantification of the WT1 gene revealed an overexpression of WT1 in most cases. The percentage of patients surviving free of disease at 8 years of follow-up was lower in the group overexpressing WT1 compared to the group with down-regulated WT1. CONCLUSIONS Interestingly, this overexpression was observed in all molecular subtypes of invasive breast cancer, underscoring the significance of WT1 as a potential target in all these subtypes. The observed WT1 down-expression in a few cases of invasive breast cancer, associated with better survival outcomes, may correspond to the down-regulation of a particular WT1-KTS (-) isoform: the WT1 A isoform (EX5-/KTS-). The co-expression of this WT1 oncogenic isoform with a regulated WT1- tumor suppressor isoform, such as the major WT1 F isoform (EX5-/KTS +), could also explain such survival outcomes. Due to its capacity to adopt dual roles, it becomes imperative to conduct individual molecular expression profiling of the WT1 gene. Such an approach holds great promise in the development of personalized treatment strategies for breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hind Ben Haj Othmen
- Human Genetics Laboratory LR99ES10, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Houcemeddine Othman
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Biology of Human Reproduction, University Hospital Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Oussema Khamessi
- Biotechnology Institut of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Ariana BP-66, 2010, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Ilhem Bettaieb
- Laboratory of Immunohistocytology, Salah Azaiez Cancer Institute, 1006, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sonia Gara
- Human Genetics Laboratory LR99ES10, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Salah Azaiez Cancer Institute, 1006, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Maher Kharrat
- Human Genetics Laboratory LR99ES10, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mansoor A, Akhter A, Shabani-Rad MT, Deschenes J, Yilmaz A, Trpkov K, Stewart D. Primary testicular lymphoma demonstrates overexpression of the Wilms tumor 1 gene and different mRNA and miRNA expression profiles compared to nodal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Hematol Oncol 2023; 41:828-837. [PMID: 37291944 DOI: 10.1002/hon.3190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) shows a high degree of clinical and biological heterogeneity. Primary testicular lymphoma (PTL) is an extranodal variant of DLBCL associated with a higher risk of recurrence, including contralateral testicles and central nervous system sanctuary sites. Several molecular aberrations, including somatic mutation of MYD88, CD79B, and upregulation of NF-kB, PDL-1, and PDL-2, are thought to contribute to the pathogenesis and poor prognosis of PTL. However, additional biomarkers are needed that may improve the prognosis and help understand the PTL biology and lead to new therapeutic targets. RNA from diagnostic tissue biopsies of the PTL-ABC subtype and matched nodal DLBCL-ABC subtype patients was evaluated by mRNA and miRNA expression. Screening of 730 essential oncogenic genes was performed, and their epigenetic connections were examined using the nCounter PAN-cancer pathway, and Human miRNA assays with the nCounter System (NanoString Technologies). PTL and nodal DLBCL patients were comparable in age, gender, and putative cell of origin (p > 0.05). Wilms tumor 1 (WT1) expression in PTL exceeded that in nodal DLBCL (>6-fold; p = 0.01, FDR <0.01) and WT1 associated pathway genes THBS4, PTPN5, PLA2G2A, and IFNA17 were upregulated in PTL (>2.0-fold, p < 0.01, FDR <0.01). Additionally, miRNAs targeting WT1 (hsa15a-5p, hsa-miR-16-5p, has-miR-361-5p, has-miR-27b-3p, has-miR-199a-5p, has-miR-199b-5p, has-miR-132-3p, and hsa-miR-128-3p) showed higher expression in PTL compared to nodal DLBCL (≥2.0-fold; FDR 0.01). Lower expression of BMP7, LAMB3, GAS1, MMP7, and LAMC2 (>2.0-fold, p < 0.01) was observed in PTL compared to nodal DLBCL. This research revealed higher WT1 expression in PTL relative to nodal DLBCL, suggesting that a specific miRNA subset may target WT1 expression and impact the PI3k/Akt pathway in PTL. Further investigation is needed to explore WT1's biological role in PTL and its potential as a therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Mansoor
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary and Alberta Precision Laboratories (APL), Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ariz Akhter
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary and Alberta Precision Laboratories (APL), Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Meer-Taher Shabani-Rad
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary and Alberta Precision Laboratories (APL), Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jean Deschenes
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute and Alberta Precision Laboratories (APL), Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Asli Yilmaz
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary and Alberta Precision Laboratories (APL), Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kiril Trpkov
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary and Alberta Precision Laboratories (APL), Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Douglas Stewart
- Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li X, An W, Pan H, Fan Y, Huang H, Wang Y, Shen W, Zu L, Meng F, Zhou X. Wilms' tumour gene 1 (WT1) enhances non-small cell lung cancer malignancy and is inhibited by microRNA-498-5p. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:824. [PMID: 37667197 PMCID: PMC10476375 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11295-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wilms' tumour gene 1 (WT1) is clearly recognized as a tumour promoter in diversiform of human malignancies. Nevertheless, knowledge of its expression, functions and potential molecular mechanisms in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains elusive. METHODS Differential expression of WT1 mRNA and protein between NSCLC and normal tissues were assessed by analyzing RNA-seq data from Oncomine and protein data from Human Protein Atlas, respectively. Subsequently, prognosis significance and immune cell infiltration were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier plotter and CIBERSORT. 60 pairs of local NSCLC tissues were involved to validate WT1 expression by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and Western blot. Moreover, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), colony formation, transwell, dual luciferase reporter assays and in vivo xenograft tumour growth experiments were conducted to explore the function and mechanism of WT1 in NSCLC. RESULTS Our solid data indicated that WT1 was increased in NSCLC tissues and cell lines in comparison with their matched controls. In particular, its upregulation correlated with worse prognosis and immune infiltration of the patients. Functional assays demonstrated that knockdown of WT1 inhibited NSCLC malignancy, including inhibiting cell proliferation, survival and invasion. Further exploration discovered that microRNA-498-5p (miR-498-5p) was the upstream suppressor of WT1 by directly targeting the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of WT1 mRNA. Moreover, expression of miR-498-5p was notably decreased and inversely correlated with WT1 in NSCLC tissues. Finally, we proved that miR-498-5p was a potent tumour suppressor in NSCLC by suppressing cell proliferation, survival and invasion, while WT1 restoration could in turn disrupt this suppression both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION The abnormal increase in WT1 contributes to the malignant properties of NSCLC cells, and miR-498-5p is a natural inhibitor of WT1. Our findings might facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies against NSCLC in the future.
Collapse
Grants
- No. 81302002, No. 82273019 to Xuebing Li; No. 81502166, No. 81972354, No. 82172901 to Xuexia Zhou National Natural Science Foundation of China
- No. 81302002, No. 82273019 to Xuebing Li; No. 81502166, No. 81972354, No. 82172901 to Xuexia Zhou National Natural Science Foundation of China
- No. 18JCYBJC92100, to Xuebing Li; No. 21JCQNJC01440, to Xuexia Zhou; No. 17JCYBJC25400, to Yaguang Fan; No. 17JCQNJC11700, to Hongli Pan Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City
- No. 18JCYBJC92100, to Xuebing Li; No. 21JCQNJC01440, to Xuexia Zhou; No. 17JCYBJC25400, to Yaguang Fan; No. 17JCQNJC11700, to Hongli Pan Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City
- No. 18JCYBJC92100, to Xuebing Li; No. 21JCQNJC01440, to Xuexia Zhou; No. 17JCYBJC25400, to Yaguang Fan; No. 17JCQNJC11700, to Hongli Pan Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City
- No. 18JCYBJC92100, to Xuebing Li; No. 21JCQNJC01440, to Xuexia Zhou; No. 17JCYBJC25400, to Yaguang Fan; No. 17JCQNJC11700, to Hongli Pan Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City
- No. CFC2020kyxm003, to Xuebing Li; No. CFC2020kyxm002, to Yaguang Fan Key Project of Cancer Foundation of China
- No. CFC2020kyxm003, to Xuebing Li; No. CFC2020kyxm002, to Yaguang Fan Key Project of Cancer Foundation of China
- No. ZYYFY2019022, to Fanrong Meng Foundation of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuebing Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenzhe An
- Department of Neuropathology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of the Nervous System, Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System of Education Ministry, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongli Pan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yaguang Fan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hua Huang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yixuan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wang Shen
- West China Hospital, Sichuan Lung Cancer Institute, Sichuan Lung Cancer Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingling Zu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Fanrong Meng
- Tianjin Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuexia Zhou
- Department of Neuropathology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of the Nervous System, Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System of Education Ministry, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jiang W, Li Y, Li R, Chen W, Song M, Zhang Q, Chen S. The Prognostic Significance of FOXD1 Expression in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13030530. [PMID: 36983712 PMCID: PMC10053205 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13030530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that forkhead box D1 (FOXD1) plays an established role in human early embryonic development and is broadly involved in various malignancies. However, there is limited information regarding FOXD1 expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). This present study aimed to explore the clinical significance of FOXD1 in patients with HNSCC. Tissue microarrays of 334 primary HNSCC patients who underwent surgery between 2008 and 2010 at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center were investigated by immunohistochemistry regarding FOXD1 expression. χ2 test was used to estimate the relationship of FOXD1 expression with clinicopathologic characteristics. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify FOXD1 expression as an independent prognostic indicator of overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). FOXD1 expression is closely associated with postoperative recurrence. HNSCC patients with high FOXD1 expression have poorer prognoses than the low-expression group (p < 0.05). According to multivariate analysis, FOXD1 was an independent prognostic factor for OS and DFS. The results revealed that FOXD1 could be a prognostic factor for HNSCC and might serve as a potential target for novel therapies.
Collapse
|
7
|
Ng JKM, Li JJX, Lai BSW, Tsang JY, Chan AWS, Cheung CMT, Ip ECC, Tse GM. WT1 as a myoepithelial marker: a comparative study of breast, cutaneous, and salivary gland lesions. Hum Pathol 2023; 135:76-83. [PMID: 36739952 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
WT1 immunostain is expressed in various benign and malignant neoplasms, as well as normal myoepithelial cells. WT1 shows differential expression in non-neoplastic, benign, and malignant neoplastic myoepithelial cells of the salivary gland. In this study, WT1 immunostain and other myoepithelial markers were compared to investigate the value of WT1 as a myoepithelial marker, and to delineate the expression profile of WT1 in nonsalivary gland myoepithelial cells. WT1, p63, and calponin immunostains were performed on normal and lesional tissues from the breast (adenosis, sclerosing adenosis, lactating adenoma, nipple adenoma, tubular adenoma, adenomyoepithelioma, and adenoid cystic carcinoma [ACC]), skin (cutaneous mixed tumor, hidradenoma, spiradenoma, and ACC), and salivary gland (pleomorphic adenoma and ACC). The stained slides were digitized and orientated with H&E images and assessed simultaneously using QuPath. A total of 129, 58, and 56 breast, cutaneous, and salivary gland lesions, respectively, were included. There was poor agreement between WT1-p63 and WT1-calponin (κ < 0.1) in all organs, with absence of WT1 expression in normal salivary gland myoepithelium and most ACCs. There were no significant differences in WT1 expression in myoepithelial cells in normal breast tissue and benign breast neoplasms. Compared to pleomorphic adenomas, cutaneous mixed tumors showed lower WT1 expression (P < .001). WT1 is a less sensitive myoepithelial marker than calponin and p63. However, its unique pattern of expression in salivary gland primary for pleomorphic adenomas/cutaneous mixed tumor can favor a diagnosis of benign salivary gland tumors, particularly in small biopsy specimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna K M Ng
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Joshua J X Li
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Billy S W Lai
- Department of Pathology, North District Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Julia Y Tsang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Agnes W S Chan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Christina M T Cheung
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Edric C C Ip
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Gary M Tse
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Oji Y, Kagawa N, Arita H, Naka N, Hamada KI, Outani H, Shintani Y, Takeda Y, Morii E, Shimazu K, Suzuki M, Nishida S, Nakata J, Tsuboi A, Iwai M, Hayashi S, Imanishi R, Ikejima S, Kanegae M, Iwamoto M, Ikeda M, Yagi K, Shimokado H, Nakajima H, Hasegawa K, Morimoto S, Fujiki F, Nagahara A, Tanemura A, Ueda Y, Mizushima T, Ohmi M, Ishida T, Fujimoto M, Nonomura N, Kimura T, Inohara H, Okada S, Kishima H, Hosen N, Kumanogoh A, Oka Y, Sugiyama H. WT1 Trio Peptide-Based Cancer Vaccine for Rare Cancers Expressing Shared Target WT1. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15020393. [PMID: 36672344 PMCID: PMC9857088 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
No standard treatment has been established for most rare cancers. Here, we report a clinical trial of a biweekly WT1 tri-peptide-based vaccine for recurrent or advanced rare cancers. Due to the insufficient number of patients available for a traditional clinical trial, the trial was designed for rare cancers expressing shared target molecule WT1. The recruitment criteria included WT1-expressing tumors as well as HLA-A*24:02 or 02:01. The primary endpoints were immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody (Ab) production against the WT1-235 cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitope and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) skin reactions to targeted WT1 CTL epitopes. The secondary endpoints were safety and clinical efficacy. Forty-five patients received WT1 Trio, and 25 (55.6%) completed the 3-month protocol treatment. WT1-235 IgG Ab was positive in 88.0% of patients treated with WT1 Trio at 3 months, significantly higher than 62.5% of the weekly WT1-235 CTL peptide vaccine. The DTH positivity rate in WT1 Trio was 62.9%, which was not significantly different from 60.7% in the WT1-235 CTL peptide vaccine. The WT1 Trio safety was confirmed without severe treatment-related adverse events, except grade 3 myasthenia gravis-like symptoms observed in a patient with thymic cancer. Fifteen (33.3%) patients achieved stable disease after 3 months of treatment. In conclusion, the biweekly WT1 Trio vaccine containing the WT1-332 helper T lymphocyte peptide induced more robust immune responses targeting WT1 than the weekly WT1-235 CTL peptide vaccine. Therefore, WT1-targeted immunotherapy may be a potential therapeutic strategy for rare cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Oji
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Biomedical Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +81-6-6879-2597
| | - Naoki Kagawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Arita
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka 541-8567, Japan
| | - Norifumi Naka
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nachikatsuura Town Onsen Hospital, Nachikatsuura, Wakayama 649-5331, Japan
| | | | - Hidetatsu Outani
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasushi Shintani
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshito Takeda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Eiichi Morii
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kenzo Shimazu
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Suzuki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Sumiyuki Nishida
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Strategic Global Partnership & X-Innovation Initiative Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University & Osaka University Hospital, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jun Nakata
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Biomedical Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akihiro Tsuboi
- Department of Cancer Immunotherapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Miki Iwai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Biomedical Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Sae Hayashi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Biomedical Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Rin Imanishi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Biomedical Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Sayaka Ikejima
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Biomedical Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mizuki Kanegae
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Biomedical Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masahiro Iwamoto
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Biomedical Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mayu Ikeda
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Biomedical Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kento Yagi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Biomedical Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Haruka Shimokado
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Biomedical Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroko Nakajima
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kana Hasegawa
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunotherapy, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Soyoko Morimoto
- Department of Cancer Stem Cell biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Fujiki
- Department of Cancer Immunotherapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akira Nagahara
- Department of Urology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka 541-8567, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tanemura
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yutaka Ueda
- Department of Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | | | - Masato Ohmi
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ishida
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Manabu Fujimoto
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Norio Nonomura
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kimura
- Department of Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hidenori Inohara
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Seiji Okada
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Kishima
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naoki Hosen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kumanogoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Oka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Cancer Stem Cell biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Haruo Sugiyama
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wagner N, Wagner KD. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors and the Hallmarks of Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152432. [PMID: 35954274 PMCID: PMC9368267 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) function as nuclear transcription factors upon the binding of physiological or pharmacological ligands and heterodimerization with retinoic X receptors. Physiological ligands include fatty acids and fatty-acid-derived compounds with low specificity for the different PPAR subtypes (alpha, beta/delta, and gamma). For each of the PPAR subtypes, specific pharmacological agonists and antagonists, as well as pan-agonists, are available. In agreement with their natural ligands, PPARs are mainly focused on as targets for the treatment of metabolic syndrome and its associated complications. Nevertheless, many publications are available that implicate PPARs in malignancies. In several instances, they are controversial for very similar models. Thus, to better predict the potential use of PPAR modulators for personalized medicine in therapies against malignancies, it seems necessary and timely to review the three PPARs in relation to the didactic concept of cancer hallmark capabilities. We previously described the functions of PPAR beta/delta with respect to the cancer hallmarks and reviewed the implications of all PPARs in angiogenesis. Thus, the current review updates our knowledge on PPAR beta and the hallmarks of cancer and extends the concept to PPAR alpha and PPAR gamma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Wagner
- Correspondence: (N.W.); (K.-D.W.); Tel.: +33-489-153-713 (K.-D.W.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lee WC, Chiu CH, Chu TH, Chien YS. WT1: The Hinge Between Anemia Correction and Cancer Development in Chronic Kidney Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:876723. [PMID: 35465313 PMCID: PMC9019781 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.876723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor-prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors (HIF-PHIs) emerge as promising agents to treat anemia in chronic kidney disease (CKD) but the major concern is their correlated risk of cancer development and progression. The Wilms’ tumor gene, WT1, is transcriptionally regulated by HIF and is known to play a crucial role in tumorigenesis and invasiveness of certain types of cancers. From the mechanism of action of HIF–PHIs, to cancer hypoxia and the biological significance of WT1, this review will discuss the link between HIF, WT1, anemia correction, and cancer. We aimed to reveal the research gaps and offer a focused strategy to monitor the development and progression of specific types of cancer when using HIF–PHIs to treat anemia in CKD patients. In addition, to facilitate the long-term use of HIF–PHIs in anemic CKD patients, we will discuss the strategy of WT1 inhibition to reduce the development and progression of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chin Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hua Chiu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tian-Huei Chu
- Medical Laboratory, Medical Education and Research Center, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shu Chien
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Yu-Shu Chien,
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ito M, Oji Y, Adachi M, Imanishi R, Alzaaqi S, Hiwasa T, Oshima Y, Yajima S, Suzuki T, Nanami T, Sumazaki M, Shiratori F, Funahashi K, Sugiayama H, Shimada H. Serum WT1‑271 IgM antibody as a novel diagnostic marker for Gastric Cancer. Mol Clin Oncol 2022; 16:74. [PMID: 35251625 PMCID: PMC8848733 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2022.2507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wilms tumor 1 gene, WT1, is overexpressed in various types of cancer, including gastric cancer. The product of WT1 is highly immunogenic and is a promising target molecule for cancer immunotherapy. The current study aimed to examine the production of WT1-specific IgG and IgM autoantibodies to identify biomarkers of diagnostic value in patients with gastric cancer. IgG antibodies that bind to WT1-derived peptides were obtained, the serum levels of which correlate with those of IgG antibodies against the WT1 protein in patients with intestinal malignancies. The serum levels of IgG and IgM antibodies against the WT1-271 peptide (271-288 amino acids) were examined in 39 healthy individuals and 97 patients with gastric cancer. The positivity cutoff value was determined according to the receiver operating characteristic curve. The association between WT1-271 IgM and the clinicopathological factors and prognosis of patients was additionally analyzed. The results revealed that serum WT1-271 IgM antibody levels in patients with gastric cancer were significantly higher than those in healthy individuals. The sensitivity and specificity of this antibody for gastric cancer were 67.0 and 71.8%, respectively; this sensitivity was improved when compared with conventional tumor markers (P<0.001). There was no statistical difference in WT1-271 IgG antibody levels between patients with gastric cancer and healthy individuals. Serum WT1-271 IgM antibody levels were not significantly associated with clinicopathological factors but were associated with unfavorable prognosis. Serum WT1-271 IgM antibody levels could serve as a diagnostic biomarker in patients with gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Ito
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 143‑8541, Japan
| | - Yusuke Oji
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Biomedical Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Mayuko Adachi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Biomedical Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Rin Imanishi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Biomedical Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Shouq Alzaaqi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Biomedical Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Takaki Hiwasa
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 143‑8541, Japan
| | - Yoko Oshima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo 143‑8541, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yajima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo 143‑8541, Japan
| | - Takashi Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo 143‑8541, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Nanami
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo 143‑8541, Japan
| | - Makoto Sumazaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo 143‑8541, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Shiratori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo 143‑8541, Japan
| | - Kimihiko Funahashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo 143‑8541, Japan
| | - Haruo Sugiayama
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Hideaki Shimada
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 143‑8541, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jassim TS. Expression Levels of the CA9, WT1, and PRAME Genes and Genotyping-Associated Antigens for the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Colorectal Cancer. JOURNAL OF COLOPROCTOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1741323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent type of cancer worldwide, and is one of the major health problems in Asia, Africa, Europe, and America. The tumor antigens recently are of interesting indicators as diagnostic and prognostic tools. The aim of the present study is to detect the expression levels of carbonic anhydrase IX (CA9), the Wilms tumor gene (WT1), and the preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma (PRAME) in the peripheral blood of CRC patients in comparison with healthy controls.
Methods A prospective case-control study of CRC patients was conducted. We included 25 newly-diagnosed CRC eligible patients and obtained peripheral blood samples of them as well as 10 blood samples from the control group. All samples were then submitted to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction and a molecular study through real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Results The CRC group consisted of 15 (60%) female and 10 (40%) male patients with a mean age of 50.52 ± 9.8 years, while the control group included 4 (40%) female and 6 (60%) male patients with a mean age of 47.7 ± 7.9 years. The CRC group, 24 (96%) of patient samples were CA9-positive with strong statistically significant differences (p < 0.00001; sensitivity: 96%; specificity: 90%). Regarding the WT1 gene, there were 11 (44%) positive samples in the CRC group, with no statistically significant differences (p = 0.055; sensitivity: 44%; specificity: 90%). The PRAME gene was positive in 9 (36%) samples in the CRC group, with no statistically significant differences (p = 0.357; sensitivity: 36%; specificity: 80%. Among CA9 (24 patients; 96%) of patients with CRC expressed positive results, in WT1 11(91.6%) CRC patients expressed gene, and in PRAME gene, 9 patients with CRC (81.8%) expressed positive results.
Conclusion Overexpression of the CA9 gene in CRC of high sensitivity and specificity to be used as a tool to discriminate CRC from benign associate with high accuracy compare to WT1 and PRAME genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tabark S Jassim
- Prosthodontic Technology Department, Dijlah University College, Baghdad, Iraq
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Truncated WT1 Protein Isoform Expression Is Increased in MCF-7 Cells with Long-Term Estrogen Depletion. Int J Breast Cancer 2021; 2021:6282514. [PMID: 34845427 PMCID: PMC8627338 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6282514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The wt1 gene codes for a transcription factor that presents several protein isoforms with diverse biological properties, capable of positively and negatively regulating genes involved in proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. WT1 protein is overexpressed in more than 90% of breast cancer; however, its role during tumor progression is still unknown. Methodology. In this work, we analyzed the expression of WT1 isoforms in several breast cancer cells with different tumor marker statuses and an in vitro assay using MCF-7 cells cultured with long-term estrogen depletion (MCF-7 LTED cells) with the finality to mimic the process of switching from hormone-dependent to hormone-independent. Moreover, growth kinetics, sensitivity to tamoxifen, and relative expression analysis of ER and Her2/neu were performed. Results Initially, the expression of 52-54 kDa protein isoform of WT1 in the breast cancer cell line ER (+) was detected by western blot and was absent in ER (-), and the 36-38 kDa protein isoform of WT1 was detected in all cell lines analyzed. The analysis of alternative splicing by RT-PCR shows that the 17AA (+)/KTS (-) isoform of WT1 was the most frequent in the four cell lines analyzed. In vitro, the MCF-7 cells in the estrogen depletion assay show an increase in the expression of the 52-54 kDa isoform of WT1 in the first 48 hours, and this was maintained until week 13, and later, this expression was decreased, and the 36-38 kDa isoform of WT1 did not show change during the first 48 hours but from week 1 showed an increase of expression, and this remained until week 27. Growth kinetic analysis showed that MCF-7 LTED cells presented a 1.4-fold decrease in cellular proliferation compared to MCF-7 cells cultured under normal conditions. In addition, MCF-7 LTED cells showed a decrease in sensitivity to the antiproliferative effect of tamoxifen (p ≤ 0.05). Samples collected until week 57 analyzed by qRT-PCR showed an increase in the relative expression of the Her2/neu and ER. Conclusions Modulation of protein isoforms showed differential expression of WT1 isoforms dependent on estrogen receptor. The absence of 52-54 kDa and the presence of the 36-38 kDa protein isoform of WT1 were detected in ER-negative breast cancer cell lines classified as advanced stage cells. Long-term estrogen depletion assay in MCF-7 cells increased the expression of the 36-38 kDa isoform and reduced the 52-54 kDa isoform, and these cells show an increase in the expression of tumor markers of ER and Her2/neu. MCF-7 LTED cells showed low proliferation and insensitivity to tamoxifen compared to MCF-7 cells in normal conditions. These results support the theory about the relationship of the 36-38 kDa isoform of WT1 and the absence of ER function in advanced breast cancer.
Collapse
|
14
|
Fu S, Piccioni DE, Liu H, Lukas RV, Kesari S, Aregawi D, Hong DS, Yamaguchi K, Whicher K, Zhang Y, Chen YL, Poola N, Eddy J, Blum D. A phase I study of the WT2725 dosing emulsion in patients with advanced malignancies. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22355. [PMID: 34785698 PMCID: PMC8595891 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01707-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
WT2725 is a Wilms' tumor gene 1 (WT1)-derived-oligopeptide vaccine designed to induce WT1-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes against WT1+ tumors in human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A*0201+ and/or HLA-A*0206+ patients. Here, we report the results of a phase I study of WT2725. In this phase I, open-label, dose-escalation and expansion two-part study, the WT2725 dosing emulsion was administered as a monotherapy to patients with advanced malignancies known to overexpress WT1, including glioblastoma. In part 1, 44 patients were sequentially allocated to four doses: 0.3 mg (n = 5), 0.9 mg (n = 5), 3 mg (n = 6), and 9 mg (n = 28). In part 2, 18 patients were allocated to two doses: 18 mg (n = 9) and 27 mg (n = 9). No dose-limiting toxicities were observed, so the maximum tolerated dose was not reached. Median progression-free survival was 58 (95% confidence interval [CI] 56-81) days (~ 2 months) across all patients with solid tumors; median overall survival was 394 days (13.0 months) (95% CI 309-648). Overall immune-related response rate in solid tumor patients was 7.5% (95% CI 2.6-19.9); response was most prominent in the glioblastoma subgroup. Overall, 62.3% of patients were considered cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responders; the proportion increased with increasing WT2725 dosing emulsion dose. WT2725 dosing emulsion was well tolerated. Preliminary tumor response and biological marker data suggest that WT2725 dosing emulsion may exert antitumor activity in malignancies known to overexpress the WT1 protein, particularly glioblastoma, and provide a rationale for future clinical development.Trial registration: NCT01621542.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siqing Fu
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - David E. Piccioni
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242UCSD Moores Cancer Center, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Hongtao Liu
- grid.412578.d0000 0000 8736 9513University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Rimas V. Lukas
- grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Northwestern University, Chicago, IL USA ,Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Santosh Kesari
- Saint John’s Cancer Institute and Pacific Neuroscience Institute, Santa Monica, CA USA
| | - Dawit Aregawi
- grid.240473.60000 0004 0543 9901Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA USA
| | - David S. Hong
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Kenichiro Yamaguchi
- grid.417741.00000 0004 1797 168XSumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kate Whicher
- grid.419756.8Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc., Marlborough, MA USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- grid.419756.8Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc., Marlborough, MA USA
| | - Yu-Luan Chen
- grid.419756.8Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc., Marlborough, MA USA
| | - Nagaraju Poola
- grid.419756.8Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc., Marlborough, MA USA ,Present Address: Otsuka Pharmaceuticals, Princeton, NJ USA
| | - John Eddy
- grid.419756.8Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc., Marlborough, MA USA ,Present Address: Morphic Therapeutic, Waltham, MA USA
| | - David Blum
- grid.419756.8Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc., Marlborough, MA USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sharma B, Angurana S, Bhat A, Verma S, Bakshi D, Bhat GR, Jamwal RS, Amin A, Qadri RA, Shah R, Kumar R. Genetic analysis of colorectal carcinoma using high throughput single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping technique within the population of Jammu and Kashmir. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:5889-5895. [PMID: 34319543 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06583-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SNP genotyping has become increasingly more common place to understand the genetic basis of complex diseases like cancer. SNP-genotyping through MassARRAY™ is a cost-effective method to quantitatively analyse the variation of gene expression in multiple samples, making it a potential tool to identify the underlying causes of colorectal carcinogenesis. METHODS In the present study, SNP genotyping was carried out using Agena MassARRAY™, which is a cost-effective, robust, and sensitive method to analyse multiple SNPs simultaneously. We analysed 7 genes in 492 samples (100 cases and 392 controls) associated with CRC within the population of Jammu and Kashmir. These SNPs were selected based on their association with multiple cancers in literature. RESULTS This is the first study to explore these SNPs with colorectal cancer within the J&K population.7 SNPs with a call rate of 90% were selected for the study. Out of these, five SNPs rs2234593, rs1799966, rs2229080, rs8034191, rs1042522 were found to be significantly associated with the current study under the allelic model with an Odds Ratio OR = 2.981(1.731-5.136 at 95% CI); p value = 4.81E-05 for rs2234593,OR = 1.685(1.073-2.647 at 95% CI);; p value = 0.02292 for rs1799966, OR = 1.5 (1.1-2.3 at 95% CI), p value = 0.02 for rs2229080, OR = 1.699(1.035-2.791 at 95% CI); p value = 0.03521 for rs8034191, OR = 20.07 (11.26-35.75); p value = 1.84E-34 for rs1042522 respectively. CONCLUSION This is the first study to find the relation of Genetic variants with the colorectal cancer within the studied population using high throughput MassARRAY™ technology. It is further anticipated that the variants should be evaluated in other population groups that may aid in understanding the genetic complexity and bridge the missing heritability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhanu Sharma
- School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Jammu and Kashmir 182320, Katra, India
| | | | - Amrita Bhat
- School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Jammu and Kashmir 182320, Katra, India
| | - Sonali Verma
- School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Jammu and Kashmir 182320, Katra, India
| | - Divya Bakshi
- School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Jammu and Kashmir 182320, Katra, India
| | - Ghulam Rasool Bhat
- School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Jammu and Kashmir 182320, Katra, India
| | - Rajeshwer Singh Jamwal
- School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Jammu and Kashmir 182320, Katra, India
| | - Asif Amin
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India
| | - Raies Ahmed Qadri
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India
| | - Ruchi Shah
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India.
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Jammu and Kashmir 182320, Katra, India.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Spira A, Hansen AR, Harb WA, Curtis KK, Koga-Yamakawa E, Origuchi M, Li Z, Ertik B, Shaib WL. Multicenter, Open-Label, Phase I Study of DSP-7888 Dosing Emulsion in Patients with Advanced Malignancies. Target Oncol 2021; 16:461-469. [PMID: 33939067 PMCID: PMC8266707 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-021-00813-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wilms' tumor 1 (WT1) is overexpressed in various malignancies. DSP-7888 Dosing Emulsion, also known as ombipepimut-S (United States Adopted Name; International Nonproprietary Name: adegramotide/nelatimotide), is an investigational therapeutic cancer vaccine comprising two synthetic peptides derived from WT1 to promote both cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) and helper T-lymphocyte-mediated immune responses against WT1-expressing tumors. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to report the results from a phase I dose-escalation study (NCT02498665) that evaluated DSP-7888, administered either intradermally (ID) or subcutaneously (SC), in patients with recurrent or advanced malignancies associated with overexpression of WT1. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this phase I dose-escalation study, patients with recurrent or advanced malignancies associated with overexpression of WT1 who progressed on, were intolerant to, or not a candidate for standard therapy or who presented with a malignancy that had no definite standard therapy received escalating doses of ID or SC DSP-7888 in a rolling-six study design. DSP-7888 3.5, 10.5, or 17.5 (ID only) mg was administered until disease progression or other discontinuation event. Primary objectives were safety, tolerability, and identification of the recommended phase II dose (RP2D). Overall survival (OS) and WT1-specific CTL induction were included as secondary and exploratory objectives, respectively. RESULTS Twenty-four patients received either ID (3.5 mg, n = 4; 10.5 mg, n = 3; 17.5 mg, n = 3) or SC DSP-7888 (3.5 mg, n = 9; 10.5 mg, n = 5). No dose-limiting toxicity was observed. The most frequent treatment-emergent adverse event was injection site reactions (ID, 100% [10/10]; SC, 35.7% [5/14]); all were grade 1 or 2. Four patients (ID 17.5 mg, n = 1; SC 3.5 mg, n = 1; SC 10.5 mg, n = 2) had stable disease, 16 had progressive disease, and four were not evaluable. Median (95% confidence interval) OS duration was 180.0 (136.0-494.0) days. Among evaluable patients, WT1-specific CTL induction was observed in 66.7% (6/9) and 41.7% (5/12) of those administered ID and SC DSP-7888, respectively. CONCLUSIONS DSP-7888 Dosing Emulsion was well tolerated, with no dose-limiting toxicities, in patients with recurrent or advanced malignancies. Higher WT1-specific CTL induction activity was noted with ID compared with SC administration; because of this, the ID route was selected for further evaluation in the clinical program. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02498665.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Spira
- Virginia Cancer Specialists, 8503 Arlington Blvd., Suite 400, Fairfax, VA, 22031, USA.
- The US Oncology Network, The Woodlands, TX, USA.
| | - Aaron R Hansen
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Wael A Harb
- Horizon Oncology Research, LLC, Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Kelly K Curtis
- Medical Management and Scientific Services, Syneos Health, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | | | - Makoto Origuchi
- Clinical Development, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Oncology, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zhonggai Li
- Biostatistics, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Oncology, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bella Ertik
- Pharmcovigilance, Former Employee of Boston Biomedical, Inc. (Now Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Oncology, Inc.), Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Walid L Shaib
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Jain AG, Talati C, Pinilla-Ibarz J. Galinpepimut-S (GPS): an investigational agent for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2021; 30:595-601. [PMID: 34053383 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2021.1928635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a disorder wherein clonal expansion of undifferentiated myeloid precursors results in compromised hematopoiesis and bone marrow failure. Even though numerous AML patients respond to induction chemotherapy, relapse is common and hence new therapeutic approaches are needed. Wild-type Wilms tumor gene (WT1) is greatly expressed in numerous blood disorders and so this has led to development of galinpepimut-S, a WT1 vaccine as a modality to maintain remission in patients with AML.Areas covered: We summarize and examine the structure, key features, safety, and efficacy data of galinpepimut-S (GPS) for AML. GPS has been shown to be safe and tolerable in phase 1 and phase 2 studies and is now being evaluated in a phase 3 study.Expert opinion: Given the unmet need in the treatment of relapsed and refractory AML, especially among the elderly and patients with comorbidities who are not fit enough to undergo traditional salvage treatments, GPS could potentially fill the gap for this subset of patients. Future clinical trials utilizing GPS in second complete remission 2 (CR2) compared to best available therapy in AML and in combination with other immunotherapeutic agents (like pembrolizumab) for treatment for various malignancies are underway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chetasi Talati
- Malignant Hematology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Implications of the Wilms' Tumor Suppressor Wt1 in Cardiomyocyte Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094346. [PMID: 33919406 PMCID: PMC8122684 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wilms’ tumor suppressor Wt1 is involved in multiple developmental processes and adult tissue homeostasis. The first phenotypes recognized in Wt1 knockout mice were developmental cardiac and kidney defects. Wt1 expression in the heart has been described in epicardial, endothelial, smooth muscle cells, and fibroblasts. Expression of Wt1 in cardiomyocytes has been suggested but remained a controversial issue, as well as the role of Wt1 in cardiomyocyte development and regeneration after injury. We determined cardiac Wt1 expression during embryonic development, in the adult, and after cardiac injury by quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. As in vitro model, phenotypic cardiomyocyte differentiation, i.e., the appearance of rhythmically beating clones from mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) and associated changes in gene expression were analyzed. We detected Wt1 in cardiomyocytes from embryonic day (E10.5), the first time point investigated, until adult age. Cardiac Wt1 mRNA levels decreased during embryonic development. In the adult, Wt1 was reactivated in cardiomyocytes 48 h and 3 weeks following myocardial infarction. Wt1 mRNA levels were increased in differentiating mESCs. Overexpression of Wt1(-KTS) and Wt1(+KTS) isoforms in ES cells reduced the fraction of phenotypically cardiomyocyte differentiated clones, which was preceded by a temporary increase in c-kit expression in Wt1(-KTS) transfected ES cell clones and induction of some cardiomyocyte markers. Taken together, Wt1 shows a dynamic expression pattern during cardiomyocyte differentiation and overexpression in ES cells reduces their phenotypical cardiomyocyte differentiation.
Collapse
|
19
|
WT1 Expression Levels Combined with Flow Cytometry Blast Counts for Risk Stratification of Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndromes. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9040387. [PMID: 33917307 PMCID: PMC8067344 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Wilm's tumor 1 (WT1), a zinc-finger transcription factor and an epigenetic modifier, is frequently overexpressed in several hematologic disorders and solid tumors, and it has been proposed as diagnostic and prognostic marker of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). However, the exact role of WT1 in leukemogenesis and disease progression remains unclear. In this real-world evidence retrospective study, we investigated prognostic role of WT1-mRNA expression levels in AML and MDS patients and correlations with complete blood counts, flow cytometry counts, and molecular features. A total of 71 patients (AML, n = 46; and MDS, n = 25) were included in this study, and WT1 levels were assessed at diagnosis, during treatment and follow-up. We showed that WT1 expression levels were inversely correlated with normal hemopoiesis in both AML and MDS, and positively associated with blast counts. Flow cytometry was more sensitive and specific in distinguishing normal myeloid cells from neoplastic counterpart even just using linear parameters and CD45 expression. Moreover, we showed that a simple integrated approach combining blast counts by flow cytometry, FLT3 mutational status, and WT1 expression levels might be a useful tool for a better prognostic definition in both AML and MDS patients.
Collapse
|
20
|
Yoshitomi H, Lee KY, Yao K, Shin SH, Zhang T, Wang Q, Paul S, Roh E, Ryu J, Chen H, Aziz F, Chakraborty A, Bode AM, Dong Z. GSK3β-Mediated Expression of CUG-Translated WT1 Is Critical for Tumor Progression. Cancer Res 2020; 81:945-955. [PMID: 33184107 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-1880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Wilms' tumor 1 (WT1) gene is well known as a chameleon gene. It plays a role as a tumor suppressor in Wilms' tumor but also acts as an oncogene in other cancers. Previously, our group reported that a canonical AUG starting site for the WT1 protein (augWT1) acts as a tumor suppressor, whereas a CUG starting site for the WT1 protein (cugWT1) functions as an oncogene. In this study, we report an oncogenic role of cugWT1 in the AOM/DSS-induced colon cancer mouse model and in a urethane-induced lung cancer model in mice lacking cugWT1. Development of chemically-induced tumors was significantly depressed in cugWT1-deficient mice. Moreover, glycogen synthase kinase 3β promoted phosphorylation of cugWT1 at S64, resulting in ubiquitination and degradation of the cugWT1 associated with the F-box-/- WD repeat-containing protein 8. Overall, our findings suggest that inhibition of cugWT1 expression provides a potential candidate target for therapy. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings demonstrate that CUG-translated WT1 plays an oncogenic role in vivo, and GSK3β-mediated phosphorylation of cugWT1 induces its ubiquitination and degradation in concert with FBXW8.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hisae Yoshitomi
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota
| | - Kun Y Lee
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota
| | - Ke Yao
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota
| | - Seung Ho Shin
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota.,Department of Food and Nutrition, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tianshun Zhang
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota
| | - Qiushi Wang
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota
| | - Souren Paul
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota
| | - Eunmiri Roh
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota.,Department of Cosmetic Science, Gwangju Women's University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohyun Ryu
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota
| | - Hanyong Chen
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota
| | - Faisal Aziz
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota
| | | | - Ann M Bode
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota
| | - Zigang Dong
- College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hayashi S, Imanishi R, Adachi M, Ikejima S, Nakata J, Morimoto S, Fujiki F, Nishida S, Tsuboi A, Hosen N, Nakajima H, Hasegawa K, Oka Y, Sugiyama H, Oji Y. Reader-free ELISPOT assay for immuno-monitoring in peptide-based cancer vaccine immunotherapy. Biomed Rep 2020; 12:244-250. [PMID: 32257187 DOI: 10.3892/br.2020.1289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer vaccine immunotherapy is a therapy that induces cellular immune responses against a target molecule to elicit clinical anti-tumor effects. These cellular immune responses against the target molecule are monitored to evaluate whether the antigen-specific cellular immune responses are induced and maintained during the vaccination period. Enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay is widely performed to analyze not only the frequency of immune cells, but also their effector functions as determined by their cytokine production/secretion. The present study aimed to develop a reader-free ELISPOT assay using a handy membrane-punching device termed ELI 8. With the assistance of particle analysis by ImageJ software, the results of spot counting were reproducible with high inter-assay and inter-examiner concordance. Immune cells that produce and secrete Th1 cytokines without antigen-peptide stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were detected, and their frequencies in patients with cancer were significantly higher compared with those in healthy individuals. These frequencies varied between individuals, as well as between time points during the course of cancer vaccine immunotherapy in each patient. Due to the variability in spontaneous cytokine production/secretion by PBMCs, an antigen-specific immune response (IR) index is proposed, which is a ratio of the number of spot-forming cells (SFCs) subjected to antigen-stimulation to that of SFCs with spontaneous cytokine secretion without antigen-stimulation. This index may be used as a marker for antigen-specific cellular immune responses in patients treated with cancer immunotherapy. The IR index successfully detected the induction of Wilms' tumor 1-specific cellular immune responses in patients with cancer treated with cancer vaccine immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sae Hayashi
- Department of Functional Diagnostic Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Rin Imanishi
- Department of Functional Diagnostic Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mayuko Adachi
- Department of Functional Diagnostic Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Sayaka Ikejima
- Department of Functional Diagnostic Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jun Nakata
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Soyoko Morimoto
- Department of Cancer Immunotherapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Fujiki
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Sumiyuki Nishida
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akihiro Tsuboi
- Department of Cancer Immunotherapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naoki Hosen
- Department of Cancer Stem Cell Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroko Nakajima
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kana Hasegawa
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Oka
- Department of Cancer Stem Cell Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Haruo Sugiyama
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yusuke Oji
- Department of Functional Diagnostic Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Immunohistochemical Expression of Wilms’ Tumor 1 Protein in Human Tissues: From Ontogenesis to Neoplastic Tissues. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app10010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The human Wilms’ tumor gene (WT1) was originally isolated in a Wilms’ tumor of the kidney as a tumor suppressor gene. Numerous isoforms of WT1, by combination of alternative translational start sites, alternative RNA splicing and RNA editing, have been well documented. During human ontogenesis, according to the antibodies used, anti-C or N-terminus WT1 protein, nuclear expression can be frequently obtained in numerous tissues, including metanephric and mesonephric glomeruli, and mesothelial and sub-mesothelial cells, while cytoplasmic staining is usually found in developing smooth and skeletal cells, myocardium, glial cells, neuroblasts, adrenal cortical cells and the endothelial cells of blood vessels. WT1 has been originally described as a tumor suppressor gene in renal Wilms’ tumor, but more recent studies emphasized its potential oncogenic role in several neoplasia with a variable immunostaining pattern that can be exclusively nuclear, cytoplasmic or both, according to the antibodies used (anti-C or N-terminus WT1 protein). With the present review we focus on the immunohistochemical expression of WT1 in some tumors, emphasizing its potential diagnostic role and usefulness in differential diagnosis. In addition, we analyze the WT1 protein expression profile in human embryonal/fetal tissues in order to suggest a possible role in the development of organs and tissues and to establish whether expression in some tumors replicates that observed during the development of tissues from which these tumors arise.
Collapse
|
23
|
Aslan A, Erdem H, Celik MA, Sahin A, Cankaya S. Investigation of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1), P53, and Wilms' Tumor 1 (WT1) Expression Levels in the Colon Polyp Subtypes in Colon Cancer. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:5510-5517. [PMID: 31341157 PMCID: PMC6676992 DOI: 10.12659/msm.915335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is no study in the literature investigating the expression levels of WT1, p53, and IGF-1 in colon polyp subtypes. In this study, we aimed to investigate the expression levels of IGF-1, p53, and WT1 in colon polyp subtypes and to determine whether expression levels are correlated with each other. Material/Methods Tissue specimens were obtained from 105 patients (80 men, 25 women; age range, 30–91 years) who underwent surgical resection for colorectal cancer (CRC) at Ordu University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology between January 2015 and 2017. Parameters such as age, sex, region of origin, and pathological diagnosis type were determined. The preparations were immunohistochemically stained with corresponding markers. Results The results of the study showed that there was a statistically significant relationship between WT1 expression (negative – positive) in polyps and the place where the sample was taken (P=0.011). There is a positive relationship between P53 staining score (0–3) and positive frequency of IGF-1 (60.9–85.7%). There was a statistically significant change in P53 scores and location (P=0.006, p=0.015, respectively). As the P53 score of the polyps increased (0 to 3), the rate of adenomatous (34.8–78.4%) increased, so a positive relationship was found. WT1 and IGF-1 gene expression was associated with tumor location, p53 staining score, and sex. Conclusions WT1 and IGF-1 are appropriate markers for CRC, and WT1 expression in CRC primary tumors especially could be a novel independent marker for prognosis and tumor progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Aslan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Havva Erdem
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| | | | - Arzu Sahin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Usak University, Usak, Turkey
| | - Soner Cankaya
- Department of Sports Management, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zapata-Benavides P, Thompson-Armendariz FG, Arellano-Rodríguez M, Franco-Molina MA, Mendoza-Gamboa E, Saavedra-Alonso S, Zacarias-Hernández JL, Trejo-Avila LM, Rodríguez-Padilla C. shRNA-WT1 Potentiates Anticancer Effects of Gemcitabine and Cisplatin Against B16F10 Lung Metastases In Vitro and In Vivo. In Vivo 2019; 33:777-785. [PMID: 31028197 PMCID: PMC6559916 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM High expression level of Wilm's tumor gene (WT1) in several types of tumors appears to confer disruption of apoptosis and resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs, and correlate with poor outcome. The aim of this work was to determine if down-regulation of WT1 expression results in decreased cell proliferation and the increased action of different types of drugs, both in vitro in B16F10 cells, and in vivo in C57BL/6 mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Inhibition of cell proliferation by short hairpin RNA against WT1 (shRNA-WT1), cisplatin, and gemcitabine in B16F10 cells in vitro was determined by the MTT assay and analysis of clonogenic survival. The apoptosis rate was determined by flow cytometry for annexin-V- fluorescein isothiocyante and propidium iodide. RESULTS Compared to treatment with shRNA-WT1 alone, treatment with shRNA-WT1 in combination with drugs had a synergistic inhibitory effect on B16F10 cell proliferation, particularly for the combination of cisplatin and gemcitabine at their 25% cytotoxic concentrations in vitro. Furthermore, mice treated with shRNA-WT1 in combination with cisplatin and gemcitabine were protected in the same way as those treated with the drugs alone, but were in better physical condition. CONCLUSION Decreased WT1 expression induces cell death and potentiates the action of anticancer drugs by inducing synergistic effects both in vitro and in vivo, which may be an attractive strategy in lung cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Zapata-Benavides
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University Autonomous of Nuevo Leon (UANL), San Nicolas de los Garza, Mexico
| | | | - Mariela Arellano-Rodríguez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University Autonomous of Nuevo Leon (UANL), San Nicolas de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Moisés Armides Franco-Molina
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University Autonomous of Nuevo Leon (UANL), San Nicolas de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Edgar Mendoza-Gamboa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University Autonomous of Nuevo Leon (UANL), San Nicolas de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Santiago Saavedra-Alonso
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University Autonomous of Nuevo Leon (UANL), San Nicolas de los Garza, Mexico
| | - José Luis Zacarias-Hernández
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University Autonomous of Nuevo Leon (UANL), San Nicolas de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Laura María Trejo-Avila
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University Autonomous of Nuevo Leon (UANL), San Nicolas de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Padilla
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University Autonomous of Nuevo Leon (UANL), San Nicolas de los Garza, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Katsuda M, Miyazawa M, Ojima T, Katanuma A, Hakamada K, Sudo K, Asahara S, Endo I, Ueno M, Hara K, Yamada S, Fujii T, Satoi S, Ioka T, Ohira M, Akahori T, Kitano M, Nagano H, Furukawa M, Adachi T, Yamaue H. A double-blind randomized comparative clinical trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of dendritic cell vaccine loaded with WT1 peptides (TLP0-001) in combination with S-1 in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer refractory to standard chemotherapy. Trials 2019; 20:242. [PMID: 31029154 PMCID: PMC6486956 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-019-3332-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer is a refractory malignancy, and the development of a new effective treatment strategy is needed. We generated a dendritic cell vaccine by culturing monocytes obtained by apheresis of blood from each patient, inducing their differentiation into dendritic cells, and pulsing with tumor antigen peptides. However, the clinical efficacy of the vaccine has not been established. We therefore decided to conduct an exploratory clinical trial of dendritic cell vaccine loaded with Wilms' tumor gene 1 peptides (TLP0-001) as a potential new treatment for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer refractory to standard chemotherapy. METHODS This is an investigator-initiated, double-blind, comparative trial. The patients were allocated to two groups in a 1:1 ratio through a central registration by dynamic allocation. A total of 185 patients with inoperable or metastatic pancreatic cancer who were refractory or intolerant to standard primary chemotherapy with gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel will be allocated to secondary treatment either with placebo in combination with S-1 (the control group) or TLP0-001 in combination with S-1 (the investigational product group). The primary objective of this trial is to evaluate the safety and efficacy (as measured by overall survival) of the investigational product by comparing the two groups. This clinical trial will be performed in accordance with Japanese Good Clinical Practice guidelines. DISCUSSION Clinical trials of the standard regimen, including gemcitabine, for advanced pancreatic cancer are ongoing worldwide. However, a strategy for after the primary treatment has not been established. We therefore decided to conduct this study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of TLP0-001 as a secondary treatment for pancreatic cancer in anticipation of the approval of this new drug in Japan. This trial is conducted with full consideration of safety, as it is the first-in-human clinical trial of TLP0-001; thus, the trial will be conducted only at the Second Department of Surgery at Wakayama Medical University until the safety is confirmed by interim analysis. We plan to conduct a multicenter trial at 18 institutions in Japan after confirmation of the safety. TRIAL REGISTRATION University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry, UMIN000027179 . Registered on 9 April 2017.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Katsuda
- Second Department of Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, School of Medicine, 811-1, Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-8510, Japan
| | - Motoki Miyazawa
- Second Department of Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, School of Medicine, 811-1, Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-8510, Japan
| | - Toshiyasu Ojima
- Second Department of Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, School of Medicine, 811-1, Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-8510, Japan
| | - Akio Katanuma
- Center for Gastroenterology, Teine-Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Hakamada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University, Graduate School of Medicine, Aomori, Japan
| | - Kentaro Sudo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shingo Asahara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chiba Tokushukai Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Itaru Endo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Makoto Ueno
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Medical Oncology Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kazuo Hara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Suguru Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Fujii
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Sohei Satoi
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ioka
- Department of Cancer Survey and Gastrointestinal Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaichi Ohira
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Masayuki Kitano
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nagano
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University, Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Masayuki Furukawa
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatology, Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Adachi
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yamaue
- Second Department of Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, School of Medicine, 811-1, Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-8510, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Voigt EA, Haralambieva IH, Larrabee BL, Kennedy RB, Ovsyannikova IG, Schaid DJ, Poland GA. Polymorphisms in the Wilms Tumor Gene Are Associated With Interindividual Variations in Rubella Virus-Specific Cellular Immunity After Measles-Mumps-Rubella II Vaccination. J Infect Dis 2019; 217:560-566. [PMID: 29253144 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rubella vaccination induces widely variable immune responses in vaccine recipients. While rubella vaccination is effective at inducing immunity to rubella infection in most subjects, up to 5% of individuals do not achieve or maintain long-term protective immunity. To expand upon our previous work identifying genetic polymorphisms that are associated with these interindividual differences in humoral immunity to rubella virus, we performed a genome-wide association study in a large cohort of 1843 subjects to discover single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with rubella virus-specific cellular immune responses. We identified SNPs in the Wilms tumor protein gene (WT1) that were significantly associated (P < 5 × 10-8) with interindividual variations in rubella-specific interleukin 6 secretion from subjects' peripheral blood mononuclear cells postvaccination. No SNPs were found to be significantly associated with variations in rubella-specific interferon-γ secretion. Our findings demonstrate that genetic polymorphisms in the WT1 gene in subjects of European ancestry are associated with interindividual differences in rubella virus-specific cellular immunity after measles-mumps-rubella II vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Voigt
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester
| | | | - Beth L Larrabee
- Mayo Clinic Division of Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | | | - Daniel J Schaid
- Mayo Clinic Division of Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Inhibition of Heme Oxygenase-1 Activity Enhances Wilms Tumor-1-Specific T-Cell Responses in Cancer Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030482. [PMID: 30678050 PMCID: PMC6387130 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Wilms tumor protein-1 (WT1) is an attractive target for adoptive T-cell therapy due to its expression in solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. However, T cells recognizing WT1 occur in low frequencies in the peripheral blood of healthy donors, limiting potential therapeutic possibilities. Tin mesoporphyrin (SnMP) is known to inhibit heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which has been shown to boost the activation and proliferation of human virus-specific T cells. We analyzed the influence of this effect on the generation of WT1-specific T cells and developed strategies for generating quantities of these cells from healthy donors, sufficient for adoptive T-cell therapies. HO-1 inhibition with SnMP increased WT1-specific T-cell frequencies in 13 (26%) of 50 healthy donors. To assess clinical applicability, we measured the enrichment efficiency of SnMP-treated WT1-specific T cells in response to a WT1-specific peptide pool and a HLA-A*02:01-restricted WT1 peptide by cytokine secretion assay. SnMP treatment resulted in a 28-fold higher enrichment efficacy with equal functionality. In conclusion, pharmacological inhibition of HO-1 activity with SnMP results in more efficient generation of functionally active WT1-specific T cells. This study demonstrates the therapeutic potentials of inhibiting HO-1 with SnMP to enhance antigen-specific T-cell responses in the treatment of cancer patients with WT1-positive disease.
Collapse
|
28
|
Rahmani B, Hamedi Asl D, Naserpour Farivar T, Azad M, Sahmani M, Gheibi N. Omega-3 PUFA Alters the Expression Level but Not the Methylation Pattern of the WIF1 Gene Promoter in a Pancreatic Cancer Cell Line (MIA PaCa-2). Biochem Genet 2019; 57:477-486. [PMID: 30649640 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-018-9895-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of death in both males and females, with a 5-year relative survival rate of 8%. The Wnt signaling pathway has a significant role in the pathogenesis of many tumors, including those of pancreatic cancer. Hypermethylation of the Wnt inhibitory Factor-1 (WIF1) gene promoter have been detected in different types of cancer. In contrast, the anticancer effects of long-chain omega-3 PUFA (ALA) have been reported. Regarding its anticancer effects, in this study, we investigated the effects of various concentrations of omega-3 PUFA on expression level and promoter methylation of the WIF1 gene in MIA PaCa-2 cells in 24, 48, and 72 h after treatment. MIA PaCa-2 cells were treated with different concentrations of omega-3 PUFA (25, 50, 100, 250, 500, and 1000 μM). Cell viability assay was carried out followed by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and methylation-specific PCR (MSP). This investigation suggested that dietary consumption of omega-3 PUFAs (250-1000 μM) has a significant effect on the proliferation and WIF1 gene expression of the MIA PaCa-2 cancer cell line but no effect on the promoter methylation of this gene. Changes in promoter methylation were not observed in any of the treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Babak Rahmani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Dariush Hamedi Asl
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Azad
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mehdi Sahmani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Genetic, Faculty of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
| | - Nematollah Gheibi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Gray JE, Chiappori A, Williams CC, Tanvetyanon T, Haura EB, Creelan BC, Kim J, Boyle TA, Pinder-Schenck M, Khalil F, Altiok S, Devane R, Noyes D, Mediavilla-Varela M, Smilee R, Hopewell EL, Kelley L, Antonia SJ. A phase I/randomized phase II study of GM.CD40L vaccine in combination with CCL21 in patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2018; 67:1853-1862. [PMID: 30209589 PMCID: PMC6244998 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-018-2236-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The GM.CD40L vaccine, which recruits and activates dendritic cells, migrates to lymph nodes, activating T cells and leading to systemic tumor cell killing. When combined with the CCL21 chemokine, which recruits T cells and enhances T-cell responses, additive effects have been demonstrated in non-small cell lung cancer mouse models. Here, we compared GM.CD40L versus GM.CD40L plus CCL21 (GM.CD40L.CCL21) in lung adenocarcinoma patients with ≥ 1 line of treatment. In this phase I/II randomized trial (NCT01433172), patients received intradermal vaccines every 14 days (3 doses) and then monthly (3 doses). A two-stage minimax design was used. During phase I, no dose-limiting toxicities were shown in three patients who received GM.CD40L.CCL21. During phase II, of evaluable patients, 5/33 patients (15.2%) randomized for GM.DCD40L (p = .023) and 3/32 patients (9.4%) randomized for GM.DCD40L.CCL21 (p = .20) showed 6-month progression-free survival. Median overall survival was 9.3 versus 9.5 months with GM.DCD40L versus GM.DCD40L.CCL21 (95% CI 0.70–2.25; p = .44). For GM.CD40L versus GM.CD40L.CCL21, the most common treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were grade 1/2 injection site reaction (51.4% versus 61.1%) and grade 1/2 fatigue (35.1% versus 47.2%). Grade 1 immune-mediated TRAEs were isolated to skin. No patients showed evidence of pseudo-progression or immune-related TRAEs of grade 1 or greater of pneumonitis, endocrinopathy, or colitis, and none discontinued treatment due to toxicity. Although we found no significant associations between vaccine immunogenicity and outcomes, in limited biopsies, one patient treated with GMCD40L.CCL21 displayed abundant tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. This possible effectiveness warrants further investigation of GM.CD40L in combination approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jhanelle E Gray
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, FOB1, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
| | - Alberto Chiappori
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, FOB1, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Charlie C Williams
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, FOB1, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Tawee Tanvetyanon
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, FOB1, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Eric B Haura
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, FOB1, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Ben C Creelan
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, FOB1, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Jongphil Kim
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Theresa A Boyle
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Farah Khalil
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Soner Altiok
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Rebecca Devane
- Clinical Trials Office, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - David Noyes
- Clinical Science Lab (Antonia Lab), H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Melanie Mediavilla-Varela
- Clinical Science Lab (Antonia Lab), H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Renee Smilee
- Cell Therapy Core, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Emily L Hopewell
- Cell Therapy Core, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Linda Kelley
- Cell Therapy Core, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Scott J Antonia
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, FOB1, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Karim ME, Tha KK, Othman I, Borhan Uddin M, Chowdhury EH. Therapeutic Potency of Nanoformulations of siRNAs and shRNAs in Animal Models of Cancers. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:E65. [PMID: 29861465 PMCID: PMC6026921 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10020065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA Interference (RNAi) has brought revolutionary transformations in cancer management in the past two decades. RNAi-based therapeutics including siRNA and shRNA have immense scope to silence the expression of mutant cancer genes specifically in a therapeutic context. Although tremendous progress has been made to establish catalytic RNA as a new class of biologics for cancer management, a lot of extracellular and intracellular barriers still pose a long-lasting challenge on the way to clinical approval. A series of chemically suitable, safe and effective viral and non-viral carriers have emerged to overcome physiological barriers and ensure targeted delivery of RNAi. The newly invented carriers, delivery techniques and gene editing technology made current treatment protocols stronger to fight cancer. This review has provided a platform about the chronicle of siRNA development and challenges of RNAi therapeutics for laboratory to bedside translation focusing on recent advancement in siRNA delivery vehicles with their limitations. Furthermore, an overview of several animal model studies of siRNA- or shRNA-based cancer gene therapy over the past 15 years has been presented, highlighting the roles of genes in multiple cancers, pharmacokinetic parameters and critical evaluation. The review concludes with a future direction for the development of catalytic RNA vehicles and design strategies to make RNAi-based cancer gene therapy more promising to surmount cancer gene delivery challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Emranul Karim
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Kyi Kyi Tha
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Iekhsan Othman
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Mohammad Borhan Uddin
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Ezharul Hoque Chowdhury
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hakata S, Terashima J, Shimoyama Y, Okada K, Fujioka S, Ito E, Habano W, Ozawa S. Differential sensitization of two human colon cancer cell lines to the antitumor effects of irinotecan combined with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine. Oncol Lett 2018. [PMID: 29541236 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.7883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Irinotecan (CPT-11) is a key therapeutic drug used in the treatment of colorectal cancer, although acquired or constitutive resistance to CPT-11 (and its activated metabolite SN-38) can lead to tumor progression. Since the acquisition of drug resistance can result from DNA hypermethylation, the antitumor activity of CPT-11 and SN-38 was assessed in combination with a known DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, also known as decitabine (DAC). DAC potentiated the antitumor activity of CPT-11 additively, and that of SN-38 synergistically, as measured by colony formation in the human colorectal cancer HCT116 cell line. No DAC potentiation of these antitumor effects was observed with another human colorectal cancer HT29 cell line. Anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) protein expression was reduced to 50-67% of the control following a single treatment with CPT-11, SN-38, or DAC, and was markedly reduced to 7-8% following the combination of CPT-11/SN-38 with DAC. By contrast, Bcl-2 protein expression was barely detected in HT29. Wilms' tumor protein (WT1), which has been shown to be a positive regulator of Bcl-2 in HCT116 cells through WT1-kncokdown experiments, was downregulated in HCT116 and HT29 cells when treated with CPT-11/SN-38 combined with DAC, with decreases greater than any single administration of CPT-11, SN-38, or DAC. The extent of CPT-11/SN-38 potentiation by DAC may depend on Bcl-2 expression levels in human colorectal cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuko Hakata
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Genetics, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba-cho, Iwate 028-3694, Japan
| | - Jun Terashima
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Genetics, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba-cho, Iwate 028-3694, Japan
| | - Yu Shimoyama
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba-cho, Iwate 028-3694, Japan
| | - Kouji Okada
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Genetics, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba-cho, Iwate 028-3694, Japan.,Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai-shi, Miyagi 983-8512, Japan
| | - Shiho Fujioka
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Genetics, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba-cho, Iwate 028-3694, Japan
| | - Erika Ito
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Genetics, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba-cho, Iwate 028-3694, Japan
| | - Wataru Habano
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Genetics, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba-cho, Iwate 028-3694, Japan
| | - Shogo Ozawa
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Genetics, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba-cho, Iwate 028-3694, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
A regulatory circuitry between miR-193a/miR-600 and WT1 enhances leukemogenesis in acute myeloid leukemia. Exp Hematol 2018; 61:59-68.e5. [PMID: 29452230 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The aberrant overexpression of Wilms tumor-1 (WT1) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) plays an important role in blast cell survival by enhancing proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis. However, the mechanism underlying the overexpression of WT1 remains unclear. Here, we identified miR-193a (miR-193a-5p) and miR-600 targeting and degrading WT1. MiR-193a and miR-600 synergistically reduced WT1 expression and suppressed the activity of a luciferase reporter by binding coding sequence and the 3'-untranslated region of WT1 mRNA, respectively. Furthermore, the expression of miR-193a and miR-600 was decreased in AML patients compared with normal controls. DNA hypermethylation in pre-miR-193a promoter, but not pre-miR-600 promoter, caused the downregulation of miR-193a. Most intriguingly, ectopic expression of WT1 inhibited miR-600 expression, in turn, by binding the putative pre-miR-600 promoter, leading to the downregulation of miR-600 in AML blasts. Ectopic expression of miR-193a and miR-600 synergistically inhibited cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, and decreased colony formation in leukemia cells. Finally, overexpression of miR-193a and miR-600 decreased the growth of K562-inoculated tumor xenografts and extended survival time in THP1-transplanted leukemia mice. In conclusion, these data reveal an important role of miRNAs-WT1 circuitry in leukemia cells and the therapeutic promise of restoring miR-193a and miR-600 expression in AML patients.
Collapse
|
33
|
Oji Y, Inoue M, Takeda Y, Hosen N, Shintani Y, Kawakami M, Harada T, Murakami Y, Iwai M, Fukuda M, Nishida S, Nakata J, Nakae Y, Takashima S, Shirakata T, Nakajima H, Hasegawa K, Kida H, Kijima T, Morimoto S, Fujiki F, Tsuboi A, Morii E, Morita S, Sakamoto J, Kumanogoh A, Oka Y, Okumura M, Sugiyama H. WT1 peptide-based immunotherapy for advanced thymic epithelial malignancies. Int J Cancer 2018; 142:2375-2382. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Oji
- Department of Functional Diagnostic Science; Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine; Osaka Prefecture Japan
| | - Masayoshi Inoue
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery; Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine; Kyoto Prefecture Japan
| | - Yoshito Takeda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology; Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine; Osaka Prefecture Japan
| | - Naoki Hosen
- Department of Cancer Stem Cell Biology; Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine; Osaka Prefecture Japan
| | - Yasushi Shintani
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery; Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine; Osaka Prefecture Japan
| | | | - Takuya Harada
- Department of Functional Diagnostic Science; Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine; Osaka Prefecture Japan
| | - Yui Murakami
- Department of Functional Diagnostic Science; Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine; Osaka Prefecture Japan
| | - Miki Iwai
- Department of Functional Diagnostic Science; Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine; Osaka Prefecture Japan
| | - Mari Fukuda
- Department of Cancer Immunology; Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine; Osaka Prefecture Japan
| | - Sumiyuki Nishida
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology; Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine; Osaka Prefecture Japan
| | - Jun Nakata
- Department of Cancer Immunotherapy; Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine; Osaka Prefecture Japan
| | - Yoshiki Nakae
- Internal Medicine, Nissay Hospital; Osaka Prefecture Japan
| | - Satoshi Takashima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology; Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine; Osaka Prefecture Japan
| | - Toshiaki Shirakata
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology; Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine; Osaka Prefecture Japan
| | - Hiroko Nakajima
- Department of Cancer Immunology; Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine; Osaka Prefecture Japan
| | - Kana Hasegawa
- Department of Cancer Immunology; Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine; Osaka Prefecture Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kida
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology; Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine; Osaka Prefecture Japan
| | - Takashi Kijima
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine; Hyogo College of Medicine; Hyōgo Prefecture Japan
| | - Soyoko Morimoto
- Department of Cancer Immunotherapy; Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine; Osaka Prefecture Japan
| | - Fumihiro Fujiki
- Department of Cancer Immunology; Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine; Osaka Prefecture Japan
| | - Akihiro Tsuboi
- Department of Cancer Immunotherapy; Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine; Osaka Prefecture Japan
| | - Eiichi Morii
- Department of Pathology; Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine; Osaka Prefecture Japan
| | - Satoshi Morita
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Bioinformatics; Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine; Kyoto Prefecture Japan
| | | | - Atsushi Kumanogoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology; Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine; Osaka Prefecture Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Oka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology; Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine; Osaka Prefecture Japan
- Department of Cancer Stem Cell Biology; Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine; Osaka Prefecture Japan
| | - Meinoshin Okumura
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery; Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine; Osaka Prefecture Japan
| | - Haruo Sugiyama
- Department of Cancer Immunology; Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine; Osaka Prefecture Japan
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Graziano ACE, Cardile V, Avola R, Vicario N, Parenti C, Salvatorelli L, Magro G, Parenti R. Wilms' tumor gene 1 silencing inhibits proliferation of human osteosarcoma MG-63 cell line by cell cycle arrest and apoptosis activation. Oncotarget 2017; 8:13917-13931. [PMID: 28107196 PMCID: PMC5355150 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wilms’ tumor gene 1 (WT1) plays complex roles in tumorigenesis, acting as tumor suppressor gene or an oncogene depending on the cellular context. A high WT1 expression level was described in various types of human bone and soft-tissue sarcomas, including osteosarcoma (OS), but its function in carcinogenesis is not yet well understood. This study investigated WT1 both in human OS tissues and in human OS MG-63 cell line in which WT1 gene is up-regulated. The results demonstrated that WT1 is expressed in 50% of human OS cases. WT1-silenced MG-63 cells showed deregulation of proteins of cell cycle and down-regulation of PI3K/AKT pathway. Induction of apoptotic programme was also established by activation of caspase-3 and increase of Bax/Bcl2 ratio and p53 protein. This study provided new findings on role of WT1 and indicated an association between WT1 expression, cell cycle and apoptotic machinery. In conclusion, WT1 acts as a tumour promoter in osteosarcoma and it could be a potential therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Venera Cardile
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Physiology Section, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Rosanna Avola
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Physiology Section, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Nunzio Vicario
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Physiology Section, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Carmela Parenti
- Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Lucia Salvatorelli
- Department G.F. Ingrassia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria ''Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele'' Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Gaetano Magro
- Department G.F. Ingrassia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria ''Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele'' Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Rosalba Parenti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Physiology Section, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
WT1 Alternative Splicing: Role of Its Isoforms in Neuroblastoma. J Mol Neurosci 2017; 62:131-141. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-017-0930-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
36
|
Plönes T, Fischer M, Höhne K, Sato H, Müller-Quernheim J, Zissel G. Turning back the Wheel: Inducing Mesenchymal to Epithelial Transition via Wilms Tumor 1 Knockdown in Human Mesothelioma Cell Lines to Influence Proliferation, Invasiveness, and Chemotaxis. Pathol Oncol Res 2017; 23:723-730. [PMID: 28054314 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-016-0181-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a highly aggressive tumor that arises from the surface of the pleura and is associated with a history of asbestos exposure. The tumor is characterized by a strong local invasiveness and a poor response to any single modality therapy. Therefore clinical outcome of patients with MPM is poor and median survival time of untreated patients with MPM is 7 months from initial diagnosis. The Wilms Tumor Protein 1 (WT1) is a transcription factor which is highly expressed by MPM and is involved in cellular development and survival. We evaluated the role of WT1 in two human MPM cell lines (MSTO and H2052) expressing high levels of WT1. We performed a knockdown of WT1 using siRNA. Knockdown of WT1 was confirmed by Westernblotting. After knockdown of WT1 we investigated the effect on proliferation, chemoresistance, chemotaxis and migration. We could demonstrate that knockdown of WT1 suppresses chemoresistance in both cell lines compared with control (scrambled siRNA). Additionally, WT1 knockdown reduces proliferation, chemotaxis and invasiveness of mesothelioma cell lines. WT1 reduces malignancy of malignant mesothelioma cell lines and might be a new molecular target in mesothelioma therapy. Further investigations are needed to discover the mechanisms of chemoresistance depending on WT1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Till Plönes
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Thoracic Endoscopy, Ruhrlandklinik, West German Lung Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
- Department of Pneumology, Center for Medicine, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Mitja Fischer
- Department of Pneumology, Center for Medicine, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Höhne
- Department of Pneumology, Center for Medicine, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hiromi Sato
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Pharmacology & Pharmacometrics, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Joachim Müller-Quernheim
- Department of Pneumology, Center for Medicine, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gernot Zissel
- Department of Pneumology, Center for Medicine, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Maki T, Ikeda H, Kuroda A, Kyogoku N, Yamamura Y, Tabata Y, Abiko T, Tsuchikawa T, Hida Y, Shichinohe T, Tanaka E, Kaga K, Hatanaka K, Matsuno Y, Imai N, Hirano S. Differential detection of cytoplasmic Wilms tumor 1 expression by immunohistochemistry, western blotting and mRNA quantification. Int J Oncol 2016; 50:129-140. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
38
|
Chen J, Gao S, Wang C, Wang Z, Zhang H, Huang K, Zhou B, Li H, Yu Z, Wu J, Chen C. Pathologically decreased expression of miR-193a contributes to metastasis by targeting WT1-E-cadherin axis in non-small cell lung cancers. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2016; 35:173. [PMID: 27821145 PMCID: PMC5100283 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-016-0450-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background The metastatic cascade is a complex and multistep process with many potential barriers. Recently, miR-193a has been reported to be a suppressive miRNA in multiple types of cancers, but its underlying anti-oncogenic activity in non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) is not fully elucidated. Methods The expressions of miR-193a (miR-193a-5p) in human lung cancer tissues and cell lines were detected by real-time PCR. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to identify the direct target of miR-193a. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis were assessed by CCK-8, flow cytometry, and Transwell assay, respectively. Results The expression of miR-193a in lung cancer tissues was decreased comparing to adjacent non-tumor tissues due to DNA hypermethylation in lung cancer tissues. Ectopic expression of miR-193a inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion in A549 and H1299 cells. Moreover, overexpression of miR-193a partially reversed tumor growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in NSCLC cells. Mechanistically, miR-193a reduced the expression of WT1, which negatively regulated the protein level of E-cadherin, suggesting that miR-193a might prevent EMT via modulating WT1-E-cadherin axis. Importantly, knockdown of WT1 resembled the anti-cancer activity by miR-193a and overexpression of WT1 partially reversed miR-193a-induced anti-cancer activity, indicating that WT1 plays an important role in miR-193a-induced anti-cancer activity. Finally, overexpression of miR-193a decreased the growth of tumor xenografts in mice. Conclusion Collectively, our results have revealed an important role of miR-193a-WT1-E-cadherin axis in metastasis, demonstrated an important molecular cue for EMT, and suggested a therapeutic strategy of restoring miR-193a expression in NSCLC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13046-016-0450-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Chen
- Department of Respiration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shenmeng Gao
- Laboratory of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chunjing Wang
- School of Laboratory Medicine & School of Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhonggai Wang
- School of Laboratory Medicine & School of Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Huxiang Zhang
- Pathology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Kate Huang
- Pathology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Laboratory of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Haiying Li
- Laboratory of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhijie Yu
- Laboratory of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jianbo Wu
- Laboratory of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Chengshui Chen
- Department of Respiration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Saavedra-Alonso S, Zapata-Benavides P, Chavez-Escamilla AK, Manilla-Muñoz E, Zamora-Avila DE, Franco-Molina MA, Rodriguez-Padilla C. WT1 shRNA delivery using transferrin-conjugated PEG liposomes in an in vivo model of melanoma. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:3778-3784. [PMID: 28105110 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The global incidence of melanoma is increasing. Mortality from melanoma is influenced primarily by metastasis in advanced stages of the disease. Current treatments are largely ineffective; thus, novel gene delivery approaches that target tumor-specific markers may be useful for the treatment of melanoma. Systemic administration of encapsulated RNA-interference plasmids targeted against tumor cells is a potential alternative therapy for cancer. Formulations of transferrin (Tf)-conjugated polyethylene glycol (PEG) liposomes loaded with short hairpin RNA (shRNA) against WT1 (Lip + RNAi + Tf), PEG liposomes loaded with shRNA against WT1 (Lip + RNAi), Tf-conjugated PEG liposomes loaded with pEGFP-N3 (Lip + GFP + Tf) and saline solution as negative control (untreated) were administered systemically to C57BL/6 mice implanted subcutaneously with a melanoma cell line. Tumor volume, body weight, tumor weight, survival and relative expression of WT1 were evaluated. No significant differences in net body weight were identified between groups. The tumor volume decreased from 7,871 mm3 (SD±2,087) in the untreated group to 5,981 mm3 (SD±2,099) in the Lip + RNAi + Tf group. The tumor weight was reduced, from 8.8 g (SD±0.30) in the untreated group to 5.5 g (SD±0.87) in the Lip + RNAi + Tf group. An increase of 37% in survival was also observed in the group treated with Lip + RNAi + Tf in comparison to the untreated group. Tumors treated with Lip + RNAi + Tf also showed a decrease in the mean relative expression of WT1 of 0.21 (SD±0.28) folds compared with 1.8 (SD±2.49) folds in untreated group, 1.34 (SD±0.43) folds in Lip + RNAi group and of 1.89 (SD±0.69) folds in Lip + GFP + Tf group. Systemic administration of transferrin-conjugated PEG liposomes loaded with shRNA against WT1 reduced WT1 expression and tumor size and increased survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Saavedra-Alonso
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo León (UANL), San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México
| | - Pablo Zapata-Benavides
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo León (UANL), San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México
| | - Ana Karina Chavez-Escamilla
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo León (UANL), San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México
| | - Edgar Manilla-Muñoz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo León (UANL), San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México
| | - Diana Elisa Zamora-Avila
- Department of Genetics, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Autonomous University of Nuevo León (UANL), Escobedo, Nuevo León, México
| | - Moisés Armides Franco-Molina
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo León (UANL), San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México
| | - Cristina Rodriguez-Padilla
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo León (UANL), San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Takahashi H, Shimodaira S, Ogasawara M, Ota S, Kobayashi M, Abe H, Morita Y, Nagai K, Tsujitani S, Okamoto M, Suzuki Y, Nakanishi Y, Yonemitsu Y. Lung adenocarcinoma may be a more susceptive subtype to a dendritic cell-based cancer vaccine than other subtypes of non-small cell lung cancers: a multicenter retrospective analysis. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2016; 65:1099-111. [PMID: 27448677 PMCID: PMC11029687 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-016-1872-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The J-SICT DC Vaccine Study Group provides dendritic cell (DC) vaccines for compassionate use under unified cell production and patient treatment regimens. We previously reported beneficial effects of DC vaccines on the overall survival of 62 patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in a single-center analysis. Here, we extended analysis to 260 patients with NSCLC who were treated at six centers. METHODS Of the 337 patients who met the inclusion criteria, we analyzed 260 patients who received ≥5 peptide-pulsed DC vaccinations once every 2 weeks. RESULTS The mean survival time (MST) from diagnosis was 33.0 months (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 27.9-39.2), and that from time of first vaccination was 13.8 months (95 % CI 11.4-16.8). An erythema reaction at the injection site that was ≥30 mm in diameter was correlated most strongly with overall survival from the first vaccine (≥30 vs. < 30 mm: MST 20.4 vs. 8.8 months, P < 0.001). We reported a similar finding in our previous analysis of patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Interestingly, although such findings were common between patients with adenocarcinoma and those with other subtypes, the former group experienced significantly prolonged overall survival and a higher response rate for erythema (56.3 vs. 37.3 %, respectively, P = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS This is the first multicenter study that suggests a possible clinical benefit of DC vaccines for patients with advanced NSCLC, especially those with adenocarcinoma. These findings suggest a specific potential responder population for DC vaccines and warrant further investigation in well-controlled prospective randomized trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Takahashi
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
- R&D Laboratory for Innovative Biotherapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
- Seren Clinic Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 810-0001, Japan
| | - Shigetaka Shimodaira
- Cell Processing Center, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ogasawara
- Department of Hematology, Sapporo Hokuyu Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 003-0006, Japan
| | - Shuichi Ota
- Department of Hematology, Sapporo Hokuyu Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 003-0006, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Kazuhiro Nagai
- Transfusion and Cell Therapy Unit, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Shunichi Tsujitani
- Tottori University Hospital Cancer Center, Tottori, Yonago, 683-8504, Japan
| | - Masato Okamoto
- Department of Advanced Immunotherapeutics, Kitasato University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Yukio Suzuki
- Division of Clinical Medicine, Research and Education Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Kitasato University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Yoichi Nakanishi
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Yonemitsu
- R&D Laboratory for Innovative Biotherapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Oji Y, Hashimoto N, Tsuboi A, Murakami Y, Iwai M, Kagawa N, Chiba Y, Izumoto S, Elisseeva O, Ichinohasama R, Sakamoto J, Morita S, Nakajima H, Takashima S, Nakae Y, Nakata J, Kawakami M, Nishida S, Hosen N, Fujiki F, Morimoto S, Adachi M, Iwamoto M, Oka Y, Yoshimine T, Sugiyama H. Association of WT1 IgG antibody against WT1 peptide with prolonged survival in glioblastoma multiforme patients vaccinated with WT1 peptide. Int J Cancer 2016; 139:1391-401. [PMID: 27170523 PMCID: PMC5089562 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We previously evaluated Wilms’ tumor gene 1 (WT1) peptide vaccination in a large number of patients with leukemia or solid tumors and have reported that HLA‐A*24:02 restricted, 9‐mer WT1‐235 peptide (CYTWNQMNL) vaccine induces cellular immune responses and elicits WT1‐235‐specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). However, whether this vaccine induces humoral immune responses to produce WT1 antibody remains unknown. Thus, we measured IgG antibody levels against the WT1‐235 peptide (WT1‐235 IgG antibody) in patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) receiving the WT1 peptide vaccine. The WT1‐235 IgG antibody, which was undetectable before vaccination, became detectable in 30 (50.8%) of a total of 59 patients during 3 months of WT1 peptide vaccination. The dominant WT1‐235 IgG antibody subclass was Th1‐type, IgG1 and IgG3. WT1‐235 IgG antibody production was significantly and positively correlated with both progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Importantly, the combination of WT1‐235 IgG antibody production and positive delayed type‐hypersensitivity (DTH) to the WT1‐235 peptide was a better prognostic marker for long‐term OS than either parameter alone. These results suggested that WT1‐235 peptide vaccination induces not only WT1‐235‐specific CTLs as previously described but also WT1‐235‐specific humoral immune responses associated with antitumor cellular immune response. Our results indicate that the WT1 IgG antibody against the WT1 peptide may be a useful predictive marker, with better predictive performance in combination with DTH to WT1 peptide, and provide a new insight into the antitumor immune response induction in WT1 peptide vaccine‐treated patients. What's new? The Wilms' tumor gene 1 (WT1) antigen is a promising target for immunotherapeutic strategies against glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a brain tumor with poor survival rates. The present study shows that vaccination with WT1‐235 peptide can induce WT1‐235‐specific humoral immune responses in GBM patients. WT1‐235 IgG antibody production was significantly associated with prolonged progression‐free survival and overall survival. Survival times were significantly longer in GBM patients with positive delayed‐type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses to WT1 peptide. Thus, in WT1 vaccine‐treated GBM patients, especially those exhibiting positive DTH responses, WT1‐235 IgG antibody production can predict long‐term survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Oji
- Department of Cancer Stem Cell Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoya Hashimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akihiro Tsuboi
- Department of Cancer Immunotherapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yui Murakami
- Department of Cancer Stem Cell Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Miki Iwai
- Department of Cancer Stem Cell Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoki Kagawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuyoshi Chiba
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Olga Elisseeva
- Cell Signal Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Okinawa, Japan
| | | | | | - Satoshi Morita
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroko Nakajima
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takashima
- Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Rheumatic Disease, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Nakae
- Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Rheumatic Disease, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Nakata
- Department of Cancer Immunotherapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Manabu Kawakami
- Department of Cancer Immunotherapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sumiyuki Nishida
- Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Rheumatic Disease, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoki Hosen
- Department of Cancer Stem Cell Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Fujiki
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Soyoko Morimoto
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mayuko Adachi
- Department of Cancer Stem Cell Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Iwamoto
- Department of Cancer Stem Cell Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Oka
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Rheumatic Disease, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Immunopathology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (World Premier International Research Center), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshiki Yoshimine
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Haruo Sugiyama
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Lee SH, Danishmalik SN, Sin JI. DNA vaccines, electroporation and their applications in cancer treatment. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 11:1889-900. [PMID: 25984993 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1035502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous animal studies and recent clinical studies have shown that electroporation-delivered DNA vaccines can elicit robust Ag-specific CTL responses and reduce disease severity. However, cancer antigens are generally poorly immunogenic, requiring special conditions for immune response induction. To date, many different approaches have been used to elicit Ag-specific CTL and anti-neoplastic responses to DNA vaccines against cancer. In vivo electroporation is one example, whereas others include DNA manipulation, xenogeneic antigen use, immune stimulatory molecule and immune response regulator application, DNA prime-boost immunization strategy use and different DNA delivery methods. These strategies likely increase the immunogenicity of cancer DNA vaccines, thereby contributing to cancer eradication. However, cancer cells are heterogeneous and might become CTL-resistant. Thus, understanding the CTL resistance mechanism(s) employed by cancer cells is critical to develop counter-measures for this immune escape. In this review, the use of electroporation as a DNA delivery method, the strategies used to enhance the immune responses, the cancer antigens that have been tested, and the escape mechanism(s) used by tumor cells are discussed, with a focus on the progress of clinical trials using cancer DNA vaccines.
Collapse
Key Words
- AFP, α-fetoprotein
- APCs, antigen presenting cells
- CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen
- CTLA-4, cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4
- DCs, dendritic cells
- DNA vaccine
- EP, electroporation
- GITR, glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor family-related gene
- HPV, human papillomavirus
- HSP, heat shock protein
- HSV, herpes simplex virus
- ID, intradermal
- IM, intramuscular
- MAGE, melanoma-associated antigen
- MART, melanoma antigen recognized by T cells
- PAP, prostatic acid phosphatase
- PD, programmed death
- PRAME, preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma
- PSA, prostate-specific antigen
- PSMA, prostate-specific membrane antigen
- WT1, Wilm's tumor
- anti-tumor immunity
- cancer
- hTERT, human telomerase reverse transcriptase
- tumor immune evasion
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si-Hyeong Lee
- a BK21 Plus Graduate Program; Department of Microbiology ; School of Medicine; Kangwon National University ; Chuncheon , Gangwon-do , Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Codony-Servat J, Rosell R. Cancer stem cells and immunoresistance: clinical implications and solutions. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2016; 4:689-703. [PMID: 26798578 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2218-6751.2015.12.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Tumor cells can be contained, but not eliminated, by traditional cancer therapies. A cell minor subpopulation is able to evade attack from therapies and may have cancer stem cell (CSC) characteristics, including self-renewal, multiple differentiation and tumor initiation (tumor initiating cells, or TICs). Thus, CSCs/TICs, aided by the microenvironment, produce more differentiated, metastatic cancer cells which the immune system detects and interacts with. There are three phases to this process: elimination, equilibrium and escape. In the elimination phase the immune system recognizes and destroys most of the tumor cells. Then the latency phase begins, consisting of equilibrium between immunological elimination and tumor cell growth. Finally, a minor attack-resistant subpopulation escapes and forms a clinically detectable tumor mass. Herein we review current knowledge of immunological characterization of CSCs/TICs. Due to the correlation between CTCs/TICs and drug resistance and metastasis, we also comment on the crucial role of key molecules involved in controlling CSCs/TICs properties; such molecules are essential to detect and destroy CSCs/TICs. Monoclonal antibodies, antibody constructs and vaccines have been designed to act against CSCs/TICs, with demonstrated efficacy in human cancer xenografts and some antitumor activity in human clinical studies. Therefore, therapeutic strategies that selectively target CSCs/TICs warrant further investigation. Better understanding of the interaction between CSCs and tumor immunology may help to identify strategies to eradicate the minor subpopulation that escapes conventional therapy attack, thus providing a solution to the problem of drug resistance and metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Codony-Servat
- 1 Pangaea Biotech S.L., Quirón-Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain ; 2 Cancer Biology and Precision Medicine Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain ; 3 Instituto Oncológico Dr Rosell, Quirón-Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain ; 4 Fundación Molecular Oncology Research, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Rosell
- 1 Pangaea Biotech S.L., Quirón-Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain ; 2 Cancer Biology and Precision Medicine Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain ; 3 Instituto Oncológico Dr Rosell, Quirón-Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain ; 4 Fundación Molecular Oncology Research, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Prognostic Impact of WT-1 Gene Expression in Egyptian Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 2016; 8:e2016008. [PMID: 26740869 PMCID: PMC4696468 DOI: 10.4084/mjhid.2016.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common childhood cancer representing 23% of pediatric cancers. Wilms’ tumor -1 gene is a novel prognostic factor, minimal residual disease marker and therapeutic target in acute leukemia. Aim of the work The aim of this work was to study the impact of WT-1 gene expression in the prognosis of ALL. Patients and methods This study was conducted on 40 Egyptian children with newly diagnosed ALL who were subjected to full history taking, thorough clinical examination and laboratory investigations including; complete blood count, LDH, BM aspiration, cytochemistry, immunophenotyping, FISH technique for detection of t(12;21) and t(9;22) and assessment of WT-1 Gene by real-time PCR in BM samples at time of diagnosis. Results Positive WT-1 gene expression was found in 22 cases (55%) and negative expression in 18 cases (45%). Positive WT-1 gene expression group (n=22) includes 14 males and 8 females with mean age at presentation of 5.261 ± 0.811 while negative WT-1 gene expression group (n=18) includes 12 males and 6 females with mean age at diagnosis of 9.669 ± 3.731 with significantly older age in negative WT-1 gene expression group but no significant differences between positive and negative WT-1 gene expression groups regarding sex and clinical presentations. There were no significant differences in platelets and WBCs counts, hemoglobin and LDH levels and the number of peripheral blood and BM blast cells at diagnosis between positive and negative WT-1 gene expression groups but after induction therapy there were significantly lower BM blast cells in positive WT-1 gene expression group. There were no statistically significant differences between positive and negative WT-1 gene expression groups regarding immunophenotyping and chromosomal translocations including t(12;21) and t(9;22). There were a significantly higher relapse and death rate and a lower rate of CR, DFS, and OAS in negative WT-1 gene expression group. MRD at end of induction therapy was found in 14 cases out of 40 patients. There were significantly higher number of patients with MRD+ in negative WT-1 gene expression group (After the therapy 20 out of 22 (89%) patients with positive WT-1 gene expression attained a negative MRD, while only 6 out of 18 (33%) with negative WT-1 attained a negative MRD) (p-value = 0.006). Conclusions and Recommendation WT-1 gene expression is an important prognostic factor in patients with ALL, being able to prognosticate a negative MRD. Therefore, we can recommend its incorporation into novel risk-adapted therapeutic strategies in patients with ALL.
Collapse
|
45
|
Hojo N, Tatsumi N, Moriguchi N, Matsumura A, Morimoto S, Nakata J, Fujiki F, Nishida S, Nakajima H, Tsuboi A, Oka Y, Hosen N, Hayashi S, Sugiyama H, Oji Y. A Zbtb7a proto-oncogene as a novel target for miR-125a. Mol Carcinog 2015; 55:2001-2009. [PMID: 26713860 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In our previous study, we showed that miR-125a directly targeted a WT1 oncogene, which was overexpressed in leukemia and various kinds of solid tumors including lung, breast, gastric, and colon cancers, and brain tumors and was deeply involved in leukemogenesis and tumorigenesis and that miR-125a knockout mice overexpressed WT1 and developed myeloproliferative disease. It had been also reported that miR-125a is downregulated in leukemia and various types of solid tumors such as lung cancers, suggesting its tumor suppressor function. Therefore, it is important to elucidate what is target(s) of miR-125a for understandings of such functions although few target genes for it are known. In the present study, Zbtb7a oncogene was identified as a potential target for miR-125a by gene expression profiling in miR-125a knockout mice combined with bioinformatics target prediction. EGFP-3'UTR reporter assay showed that miR-125a suppressed Zbtb7a expression through its direct binding to the Zbtb7a-3'UTR. Zbtb7a knockdown by siRNA suppressed cell proliferation and induced G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in lung cancer cells. Furthermore, miR-125a expression showed a negative correlation with Zbtb7a expression in non-small cell lung cancer tissues. The present study showed for the first time that Zbtb7a was a direct target for miR-125a and was involved in cell cycle progression and apoptosis of lung cancer cells. These results also demonstrated that deregulation of miR-125a-Zbtb7a signaling was associated with the development and progression of lung cancer. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi Hojo
- Department of Functional Diagnostic Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoya Tatsumi
- Department of Functional Diagnostic Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nahoko Moriguchi
- Department of Functional Diagnostic Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akihide Matsumura
- Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization, Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Soyoko Morimoto
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Nakata
- Department of Cancer Immunotherapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Fujiki
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sumiyuki Nishida
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatic Disease, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroko Nakajima
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akihiro Tsuboi
- Department of Cancer Immunotherapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Oka
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoki Hosen
- Department of Cancer Stem Cell Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Seiji Hayashi
- National Hospital Organization, Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Haruo Sugiyama
- Department of Functional Diagnostic Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Oji
- Department of Cancer Stem Cell Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Association of Wilms' tumor 1 gene single-nucleotide polymorphism rs16754 with colorectal cancer. Mol Clin Oncol 2015; 3:1401-1405. [PMID: 26807256 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2015.647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Our recent study demonstrated that the expression of Wilms' tumor 1 gene (WT1) is associated with surgical outcome in CRC patients. The present study aimed to investigate the genetic association of the single-nucleotide polymorphism rs16754 in the WT1 gene with the occurrence of CRC, using an age-matched case-control study design. In addition, the correlation between genotype and WT1 expression was investigated. Genomic DNA samples from 104 CRC cases, aged 15-65 years, and 208 healthy controls, were genotyped for rs16754 using the TaqMan genotyping method. The genotype distribution conformed to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P=0.80). The overall minor allele frequency (MAF) of rs16754 (allele A) was 0.33. The MAF among CRC cases was significantly higher compared with that in controls (0.39 vs. 0.31, respectively; P=0.03). The AA genotype was significantly associated with the disease (odds ratio = 2.51, 95% confidence interval: 1.24-5.07, P=0.01). Cases with the AA genotype exhibited a significantly poorer 3-year overall survival (60%), compared with those with the GG or GA genotypes (80%) (log-rank test, P<0.01). Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated that the expression of WT1 in tumor tissues was higher compared with that in normal tissue; however, there were no significant differences in its expression among different genotypes. Therefore, rs16754 was found to be associated with the occurrence and prognosis of CRC in our subjects.
Collapse
|
47
|
Batra H, Antony VB. Pleural mesothelial cells in pleural and lung diseases. J Thorac Dis 2015; 7:964-80. [PMID: 26150910 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2015.02.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During development, the mesoderm maintains a complex relationship with the developing endoderm giving rise to the mature lung. Pleural mesothelial cells (PMCs) derived from the mesoderm play a key role during the development of the lung. The pleural mesothelium differentiates to give rise to the endothelium and smooth muscle cells via epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). An aberrant recapitulation of such developmental pathways can play an important role in the pathogenesis of disease processes such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The PMC is the central component of the immune responses of the pleura. When exposed to noxious stimuli, it demonstrates innate immune responses such as Toll-like receptor (TLR) recognition of pathogen associated molecular patterns as well as causes the release of several cytokines to activate adaptive immune responses. Development of pleural effusions occurs due to an imbalance in the dynamic interaction between junctional proteins, n-cadherin and β-catenin, and phosphorylation of adherens junctions between PMCs, which is caused in part by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) released by PMCs. PMCs play an important role in defense mechanisms against bacterial and mycobacterial pleural infections, and in pathogenesis of malignant pleural effusion, asbestos related pleural disease and malignant pleural mesothelioma. PMCs also play a key role in the resolution of inflammation, which can occur with or without fibrosis. Fibrosis occurs as a result of disordered fibrin turnover and due to the effects of cytokines such as transforming growth factor-β, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and basic fibroblast growth factor; which are released by PMCs. Recent studies have demonstrated a role for PMCs in the pathogenesis of IPF suggesting their potential as a cellular biomarker of disease activity and as a possible therapeutic target. Pleural-based therapies targeting PMCs for treatment of IPF and other lung diseases need further exploration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hitesh Batra
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Veena B Antony
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, AL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Identification of a Novel C-Terminal Truncated WT1 Isoform with Antagonistic Effects against Major WT1 Isoforms. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130578. [PMID: 26090994 PMCID: PMC4474557 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The Wilms’ tumor gene WT1 consists of 10 exons and encodes a zinc finger transcription factor. There are four major WT1 isoforms resulting from alternative splicing at two sites, exon 5 (17AA) and exon 9 (KTS). All major WT1 isoforms are overexpressed in leukemia and solid tumors and play oncogenic roles such as inhibition of apoptosis, and promotion of cell proliferation, migration and invasion. In the present study, a novel alternatively spliced WT1 isoform that had an extended exon 4 (designated as exon 4a) with an additional 153 bp (designated as 4a sequence) at the 3’ end was identified and designated as an Ex4a(+)WT1 isoform. The insertion of exon 4a resulted in the introduction of premature translational stop codons in the reading frame in exon 4a and production of C-terminal truncated WT1 proteins lacking zinc finger DNA-binding domain. Overexpression of the truncated Ex4a(+)WT1 isoform inhibited the major WT1-mediated transcriptional activation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-xL gene promoter and induced mitochondrial damage and apoptosis. Conversely, suppression of the Ex4a(+)WT1 isoform by Ex4a-specific siRNA attenuated apoptosis. These results indicated that the Ex4a(+)WT1 isoform exerted dominant negative effects on anti-apoptotic function of major WT1 isoforms. Ex4a(+)WT1 isoform was endogenously expressed as a minor isoform in myeloid leukemia and solid tumor cells and increased regardless of decrease in major WT1 isoforms during apoptosis, suggesting the dominant negative effects on anti-apoptotic function of major WT1 isoforms. These results indicated that Ex4a(+)WT1 isoform had an important physiological function that regulated oncogenic function of major WT1 isoforms.
Collapse
|
49
|
Deficiency in WT1-targeting microRNA-125a leads to myeloid malignancies and urogenital abnormalities. Oncogene 2015; 35:1003-14. [PMID: 25961914 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The Wilms' tumor gene WT1 is overexpressed in leukemia and solid tumors and has an oncogenic role in leukemogenesis and tumorigenesis. However, precise regulatory mechanisms of WT1 overexpression remain undetermined. In the present study, microRNA-125a (miR-125a) was identified as a miRNA that suppressed WT1 expression via binding to the WT1-3'UTR. MiR-125a knockout mice overexpressed WT1, developed myeloproliferative disorder (MPD) characterized by expansion of myeloid cells in bone marrow (BM), spleen and peripheral blood, and displayed urogenital abnormalities. Silencing of WT1 expression in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells of miR-125a knockout MPD mice by short-hairpin RNA inhibited myeloid colony formation in vitro. Furthermore, the incidence and severity of MPD were lower in miR-125a (-/-) mice than in miR-125a (+/-) mice, indicating the operation of compensatory mechanisms for the complete loss of miR-125a. To elucidate the compensatory mechanisms, miRNA array was performed. MiR-486 was occasionally induced in compete loss of miR-125a and inhibited WT1 expression instead of miR-125a, resulting in the cancellation of MPD occurrence. These results showed for the first time the post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of WT1 by both miR-125a and miR-486 and should contribute to the elucidation of mechanisms of normal hematopoiesis and kidney development.
Collapse
|
50
|
Li X, Ottosson S, Wang S, Jernberg E, Boldrup L, Gu X, Nylander K, Li A. Wilms' tumor gene 1 regulates p63 and promotes cell proliferation in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:342. [PMID: 25929687 PMCID: PMC4421988 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1356-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Wilms’ tumor gene 1 (WT1) can act as a suppressor or activator of tumourigenesis in different types of human malignancies. The role of WT1 in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) is not clear. Overexpression of WT1 has been reported in SCCHN, suggesting a possible oncogenic role for WT1. In the present study we aimed at investigating the function of WT1 and its previously identified protein partners p63 and p53 in the SCCHN cell line FaDu. Methods Silencing RNA (siRNA) technology was applied to knockdown of WT1, p63 and p53 in FaDu cells. Cell proliferation was detected using MTT assay. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)/PCR analysis was performed to confirm the effect of WT1 on the p63 promoter. Protein co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) was used to find protein interaction between WT1 and p53/p63. Microarray analysis was used to identify changes of gene expression in response to knockdown of either WT1 or p63. WT1 RNA level was detected using real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) in patients with SCCHN. Results We found that WT1 and p63 promoted cell proliferation, while mutant p53 (R248L) possessed the ability to suppress cell proliferation. We reported a novel positive correlation between WT1 and p63 expression. Subsequently, p63 was identified as a WT1 target gene. Furthermore, expression of 18 genes involved in cell proliferation, cell cycle regulation and DNA replication was significantly altered by downregulation of WT1 and p63 expression. Several known WT1 and p63 target genes were affected by WT1 knockdown. Protein interaction was demonstrated between WT1 and p53 but not between WT1 and p63. Additionally, high WT1 mRNA levels were detected in SCCHN patient samples. Conclusions Our findings suggest that WT1 and p63 act as oncogenes in SCCHN, affecting multiple genes involved in cancer cell growth. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1356-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingru Li
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Clinical Chemistry, Umeå University, By 6 M, 2nd floor, Umeå, 90185, Sweden.
| | - Sofia Ottosson
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Clinical Chemistry, Umeå University, By 6 M, 2nd floor, Umeå, 90185, Sweden.
| | - Sihan Wang
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Clinical Chemistry, Umeå University, By 6 M, 2nd floor, Umeå, 90185, Sweden.
| | - Emma Jernberg
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, By 6 M, 2nd floor, Umeå, 90185, Sweden.
| | - Linda Boldrup
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, By 6 M, 2nd floor, Umeå, 90185, Sweden.
| | - Xiaolian Gu
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, By 6 M, 2nd floor, Umeå, 90185, Sweden.
| | - Karin Nylander
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, By 6 M, 2nd floor, Umeå, 90185, Sweden.
| | - Aihong Li
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Clinical Chemistry, Umeå University, By 6 M, 2nd floor, Umeå, 90185, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|