1
|
Guedes RA, Grilo JH, Carvalho AN, Fernandes PMP, Ressurreição AS, Brito V, Santos AO, Silvestre S, Gallerani E, Gama MJ, Gavioli R, Salvador JAR, Guedes RC. New Scaffolds of Proteasome Inhibitors: Boosting Anticancer Potential by Exploiting the Synergy of In Silico and In Vitro Methodologies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1096. [PMID: 37631011 PMCID: PMC10458307 DOI: 10.3390/ph16081096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex multifactorial disease whose pathophysiology involves multiple metabolic pathways, including the ubiquitin-proteasome system, for which several proteasome inhibitors have already been approved for clinical use. However, the resistance to existing therapies and the occurrence of severe adverse effects is still a concern. The purpose of this study was the discovery of novel scaffolds of proteasome inhibitors with anticancer activity, aiming to overcome the limitations of the existing proteasome inhibitors. Thus, a structure-based virtual screening protocol was developed using the structure of the human 20S proteasome, and 246 compounds from virtual databases were selected for in vitro evaluation, namely proteasome inhibition assays and cell viability assays. Compound 4 (JHG58) was shortlisted as the best hit compound based on its potential in terms of proteasome inhibitory activity and its ability to induce cell death (both with IC50 values in the low micromolar range). Molecular docking studies revealed that compound 4 interacts with key residues, namely with the catalytic Thr1, Ala20, Thr21, Lys33, and Asp125 at the chymotrypsin-like catalytic active site. The hit compound is a good candidate for additional optimization through a hit-to-lead campaign.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romina A. Guedes
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal or (R.A.G.); (J.H.G.); (A.N.C.); (P.M.P.F.); (A.S.R.); (M.J.G.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jorge H. Grilo
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal or (R.A.G.); (J.H.G.); (A.N.C.); (P.M.P.F.); (A.S.R.); (M.J.G.)
| | - Andreia N. Carvalho
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal or (R.A.G.); (J.H.G.); (A.N.C.); (P.M.P.F.); (A.S.R.); (M.J.G.)
| | - Pedro M. P. Fernandes
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal or (R.A.G.); (J.H.G.); (A.N.C.); (P.M.P.F.); (A.S.R.); (M.J.G.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana S. Ressurreição
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal or (R.A.G.); (J.H.G.); (A.N.C.); (P.M.P.F.); (A.S.R.); (M.J.G.)
| | - Vanessa Brito
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (V.B.); (A.O.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Adriana O. Santos
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (V.B.); (A.O.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Samuel Silvestre
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (V.B.); (A.O.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Eleonora Gallerani
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Maria João Gama
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal or (R.A.G.); (J.H.G.); (A.N.C.); (P.M.P.F.); (A.S.R.); (M.J.G.)
| | - Riccardo Gavioli
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Jorge A. R. Salvador
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rita C. Guedes
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal or (R.A.G.); (J.H.G.); (A.N.C.); (P.M.P.F.); (A.S.R.); (M.J.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Alves C, Silva J, Afonso MB, Guedes RA, Guedes RC, Alvariño R, Pinteus S, Gaspar H, Goettert MI, Alfonso A, Rodrigues CMP, Alpoím MC, Botana L, Pedrosa R. Disclosing the antitumour potential of the marine bromoditerpene sphaerococcenol A on distinct cancer cellular models. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 149:112886. [PMID: 35378501 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nature has revealed to be a key source of innovative anticancer drugs. This study evaluated the antitumour potential of the marine bromoditerpene sphaerococcenol A on different cancer cellular models. Dose-response analyses (0.1-100 µM; 24 h) were accomplished in eight different tumour cell lines (A549, CACO-2, HCT-15, MCF-7, NCI-H226, PC-3, SH-SY5Y, SK-MEL-28). Deeper studies were conducted on MFC-7 cells, namely, determination of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels and evaluation of apoptosis biomarkers (phosphatidylserine membrane translocation, mitochondrial dysfunction, Caspase-9 activity, and DNA changes). The ability of the compound to induce genotoxicity was verified in L929 fibroblasts. Sphaerococcenol A capacity to impact colorectal-cancer stem cells (CSCs) tumourspheres (HT29, HCT116, SW620) was evaluated by determining tumourspheres viability, number, and area, as well as the proteasome inhibitory activity. Sphaerococcenol A hepatoxicity was studied in AML12 hepatocytes. The compound exhibited cytotoxicity in all malignant cell lines (IC50 ranging from 4.5 to 16.6 µM). MCF-7 cells viability loss was accompanied by H2O2 generation, mitochondrial dysfunction, Caspase-9 activation and DNA nuclear morphology changes. Furthermore, the compound displayed the lowest IC50 on HT29-derived tumourspheres (0.70 µM), followed by HCT116 (1.77 µM) and SW620 (2.74 µM), impacting the HT29 tumoursphere formation by reducing their number and area. Finally, the compound displayed low cytotoxicity on AML12 hepatocytes without genotoxicity. Overall, sphaerococcenol A exhibits broad cytotoxic effects on different tumour cells, increasing H2O2 production and apoptosis. It also affects colorectal CSCs-enriched tumoursphere development. These data highlight the relevance to include sphaerococcenol A in further pharmacological studies aiming cancer treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Celso Alves
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal.
| | - Joana Silva
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal
| | - Marta B Afonso
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa) Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Romina A Guedes
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa) Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rita C Guedes
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa) Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rebeca Alvariño
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Susete Pinteus
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal
| | - Helena Gaspar
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal; BioISI - Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute Faculty of Science, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Márcia I Goettert
- Cell Culture Laboratory, Postgraduate Programme in Biotechnology, University of Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, RS 95914-014, Brazil
| | - Amparo Alfonso
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Cecília M P Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa) Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria C Alpoím
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luis Botana
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Rui Pedrosa
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-614 Peniche, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ning L, Ko JMY, Yu VZ, Ng HY, Chan CKC, Tao L, Lam SY, Leong MML, Ngan RKC, Kwong DLW, Lee AWM, Ng WT, Cheng A, Tung S, Lee VHF, Lam KO, Kwan CK, Li WS, Yau S, Bei JX, Lung ML. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma MHC region deep sequencing identifies HLA and novel non-HLA TRIM31 and TRIM39 loci. Commun Biol 2020; 3:759. [PMID: 33311639 PMCID: PMC7733486 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01487-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite pronounced associations of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) regions with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), causal variants underlying NPC pathogenesis remain elusive. Our large-scale comprehensive MHC region deep sequencing study of 5689 Hong Kong Chinese identifies eight independent NPC-associated signals and provides mechanistic insight for disrupted transcription factor binding, altering target gene transcription. Two novel protective variants, rs2517664 (Trs2517664 = 4.6%, P = 6.38 × 10−21) and rs117495548 (Grs117495548 = 3.0%, P = 4.53 × 10−13), map near TRIM31 and TRIM39/TRIM39-RPP21; multiple independent protective signals map near HLA-B including a previously unreported variant, rs2523589 (P = 1.77 × 10−36). The rare HLA-B*07:05 allele (OR < 0.015, P = 5.83 × 10−21) is absent in NPC, but present in controls. The most prevalent haplotype lacks seven independent protective alleles (OR = 1.56) and the one with additional Asian-specific susceptibility rs9391681 allele (OR = 2.66) significantly increased NPC risk. Importantly, this study provides new evidence implicating two non-human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes, E3 ubiquitin ligases, TRIM31 and TRIM39, impacting innate immune responses, with NPC risk reduction, independent of classical HLA class I/II alleles. Here the authors report a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) association analysis for nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Chinese individuals from Hong Kong, finding 8 independent associated loci associated with lower risk for developing nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Two non-human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes are E3 ubiquitin ligases, TRIM31 and TRIM39, having a role in the innate immune response and implicating the importance of host Epstein-Barr virus interactions in this cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lvwen Ning
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China
| | - Josephine Mun-Yee Ko
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China.
| | - Valen Zhuoyou Yu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China
| | - Hoi Yan Ng
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China
| | - Candy King-Chi Chan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China
| | - Lihua Tao
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China
| | - Shiu-Yeung Lam
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China
| | - Merrin Man-Long Leong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China
| | - Roger Kai-Cheong Ngan
- Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China
| | - Dora Lai-Wan Kwong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China.,Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China
| | - Anne Wing-Mui Lee
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China.,Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China
| | - Wai-Tong Ng
- Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Oncology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China
| | - Ashley Cheng
- Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China
| | - Stewart Tung
- Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Oncology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China
| | - Victor Ho-Fun Lee
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China.,Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China
| | - Ka-On Lam
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China.,Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China
| | - Chung-Kong Kwan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China
| | - Wing-Sum Li
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China
| | - Stephen Yau
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Xin Bei
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, 510060, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Maria Li Lung
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China. .,Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Marastoni M, Trapella C, Scotti A, Fantinati A, Ferretti V, Marzola E, Eleonora G, Gavioli R, Preti D. Naphthoquinone amino acid derivatives, synthesis and biological activity as proteasome inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2017; 32:865-877. [PMID: 28657369 PMCID: PMC6445160 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2017.1334649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system has been largely investigated for its key role in protein degradation mechanisms that regulate both apoptosis and cell division. Because of their antitumour activity, different classes of proteasome inhibitors have been identified to date. Some of these compounds are currently employed in the clinical treatment of several types of cancer among which multiple myeloma. Here, we describe the design, chemistry, biological activity and modelling studies of a large series of amino acid derivatives linked to a naphthoquinone pharmacophoric group through variable spacers. Some analogues showed interesting inhibitory potency for the β1 and β5 subunits of the proteasome with IC50 values in the sub-µm range.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Marastoni
- a Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | - Claudio Trapella
- a Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | - Alessandra Scotti
- a Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | - Anna Fantinati
- a Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | - Valeria Ferretti
- a Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | - Erika Marzola
- a Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | - Gallerani Eleonora
- b Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology , University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | - Riccardo Gavioli
- b Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology , University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | - Delia Preti
- a Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Scotti A, Trapella C, Ferretti V, Gallerani E, Gavioli R, Marastoni M. Studies of C-terminal naphthoquinone dipeptides as 20S proteasome inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2015; 31:456-63. [PMID: 25942361 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2015.1037749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin proteasome pathway is crucial in regulating many processes in the cell. Modulation of proteasome activities has emerged as a powerful strategy for potential therapies against much important pathologies. In particular, specific inhibitors may represent a useful tool for the treatment of tumors. Here, we report studies of a new series of peptide-based analogues bearing a naphthoquinone pharmacophoric unit at the C-terminal position. Some derivatives showed inhibition in the µM range of the post-acidic-like and chymotrypsin-like active sites of the proteasome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eleonora Gallerani
- b Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology , University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | - Riccardo Gavioli
- b Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology , University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
Over the last century, the development of effective vaccine approaches to treat a number of viral infections has provided the impetus for the continual development of vaccine platforms for other viral infections, including Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). The clinical manifestations associated with EBV infection occur either following primary infection, such as infectious mononucleosis, or following an extended period of latency, primarily the EBV-associated malignancies and potentially including a number of autoimmune disorders, such as multiple sclerosis. As a consequence, two independent vaccine approaches are under development to prevent or control EBV-associated diseases. The first approach, which has been widely successful against other viral infections, is aimed at inducing a viral neutralisation antibody response to prevent primary infection. The second approach focuses upon the induction of cell-mediated immunity to control latent infected cells in persistently infected individuals. Early clinical studies have offered some insight into the potential efficacy of both of these approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corey Smith
- QIMR Centre for Immunotherapy and Vaccine Development and Department of Immunology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia
| | - Rajiv Khanna
- QIMR Centre for Immunotherapy and Vaccine Development and Department of Immunology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia. .,Tumour Immunology Laboratory, Department of Immunology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Rd, Brisbane, 4006, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sicurella M, Nicoli F, Gallerani E, Volpi I, Berto E, Finessi V, Destro F, Manservigi R, Cafaro A, Ensoli B, Caputo A, Gavioli R, Marconi PC. An attenuated herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1) encoding the HIV-1 Tat protein protects mice from a deadly mucosal HSV1 challenge. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100844. [PMID: 25033084 PMCID: PMC4102458 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV1 and HSV2) are common infectious agents in both industrialized and developing countries. They cause recurrent asymptomatic and/or symptomatic infections, and life-threatening diseases and death in newborns and immunocompromised patients. Current treatment for HSV relies on antiviral medications, which can halt the symptomatic diseases but cannot prevent the shedding that occurs in asymptomatic patients or, consequently, the spread of the viruses. Therefore, prevention rather than treatment of HSV infections has long been an area of intense research, but thus far effective anti-HSV vaccines still remain elusive. One of the key hurdles to overcome in anti-HSV vaccine development is the identification and effective use of strategies that promote the emergence of Th1-type immune responses against a wide range of epitopes involved in the control of viral replication. Since the HIV1 Tat protein has several immunomodulatory activities and increases CTL recognition of dominant and subdominant epitopes of heterologous antigens, we generated and assayed a recombinant attenuated replication-competent HSV1 vector containing the tat gene (HSV1-Tat). In this proof-of-concept study we show that immunization with this vector conferred protection in 100% of mice challenged intravaginally with a lethal dose of wild-type HSV1. We demonstrate that the presence of Tat within the recombinant virus increased and broadened Th1-like and CTL responses against HSV-derived T-cell epitopes and elicited in most immunized mice detectable IgG responses. In sharp contrast, a similarly attenuated HSV1 recombinant vector without Tat (HSV1-LacZ), induced low and different T cell responses, no measurable antibody responses and did not protect mice against the wild-type HSV1 challenge. These findings strongly suggest that recombinant HSV1 vectors expressing Tat merit further investigation for their potential to prevent and/or contain HSV1 infection and dissemination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariaconcetta Sicurella
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Applied Microbiology and Pathology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Nicoli
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Eleonora Gallerani
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ilaria Volpi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Applied Microbiology and Pathology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elena Berto
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Applied Microbiology and Pathology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Valentina Finessi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Federica Destro
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Roberto Manservigi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Applied Microbiology and Pathology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Aurelio Cafaro
- National AIDS Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Ensoli
- National AIDS Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Caputo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Riccardo Gavioli
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Peggy C. Marconi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Applied Microbiology and Pathology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Novel oleanolic vinyl boronates: Synthesis and antitumor activity. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 63:46-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
9
|
Franceschini C, Trapella C, Calia R, Scotti A, Sforza F, Gavioli R, Marastoni M. C-terminal trans,trans-muconic acid ethyl ester partial retro-inverso pseudopeptides as proteasome inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2012; 28:1034-9. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2012.709241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Franceschini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biotechnology Center, University of Ferrara,
Ferrara, Italy
| | - Claudio Trapella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biotechnology Center, University of Ferrara,
Ferrara, Italy
| | - Rosaria Calia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biotechnology Center, University of Ferrara,
Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandra Scotti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biotechnology Center, University of Ferrara,
Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fabio Sforza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ferrara,
Ferrara, Italy
| | - Riccardo Gavioli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ferrara,
Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mauro Marastoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biotechnology Center, University of Ferrara,
Ferrara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Franceschini C, Trapella C, Sforza F, Gavioli R, Marastoni M. Synthesis and biological properties of C-terminal vinyl ketone pseudotripeptides. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2012; 28:560-4. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2012.657189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Franceschini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biotechnology Center, University of Ferrara,
Ferrara, Italy
| | - Claudio Trapella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biotechnology Center, University of Ferrara,
Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fabio Sforza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ferrara,
Ferrara, Italy
| | - Riccardo Gavioli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ferrara,
Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mauro Marastoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biotechnology Center, University of Ferrara,
Ferrara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
van Endert P. Post-proteasomal and proteasome-independent generation of MHC class I ligands. Cell Mol Life Sci 2011; 68:1553-67. [PMID: 21390545 PMCID: PMC11115176 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0662-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Revised: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 02/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Peptide ligands presented by MHC class I molecules are produced by intracellular proteolysis, which often involves multiple steps. Initial antigen degradation seems to rely almost invariably on the proteasome, although tripeptidyl peptidase II (TPP II) and insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) may be able to substitute for the proteasome in rare cases. Recent evidence suggests that the net effect of cytosolic aminopeptidases is destruction of potential class I ligands, although a positive role in selected cases has been documented. This may apply particularly to the trimming of long precursors by TPP II. In contrast, trimming of ligand precursors in the endoplasmic reticulum is essential for the generation of suitable peptides and has a substantial impact on the repertoire of ligands presented. Trimming by the ER aminopeptidase (ERAP) enzymes most likely acts on free precursors and is adapted to the needs of class I molecules by way of a molecular ruler mechanism. Trimming by ERAP enzymes also occurs for cross-presented ligands, which can alternatively be processed in a special endosomal compartment by insulin-regulated aminopeptidase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter van Endert
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1013, Paris 75015, France.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Destro F, Sforza F, Sicurella M, Marescotti D, Gallerani E, Baldisserotto A, Marastoni M, Gavioli R. Proteasome inhibitors induce the presentation of an Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 1-derived cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitope in Burkitt's lymphoma cells. Immunology 2011; 133:105-14. [PMID: 21342184 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2011.03416.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) is generally expressed in all EBV-associated tumours and is therefore an interesting target for immunotherapy. However, evidence for the recognition and elimination of EBV-transformed and Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) cells by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) specific for endogenously presented EBNA1-derived epitopes remains elusive. We confirm here that CTLs specific for the HLA-B35/B53-presented EBNA1-derived HPVGEADYFEY (HPV) epitope are detectable in the majority of HLA-B35 individuals, and recognize EBV-transformed B lymphocytes, thereby demonstrating that the GAr domain does not fully inhibit the class I presentation of the HPV epitope. In contrast, BL cells are not recognized by HPV-specific CTLs, suggesting that other mechanisms contribute to providing a full protection from EBNA1-specific CTL-mediated lysis. One of the major differences between BL cells and lymphoplastoid cell lines (LCLs) is the proteasome; indeed, proteasomes from BL cells demonstrate far lower chymotryptic and tryptic-like activities compared with proteasomes from LCLs. Hence, inefficient proteasomal processing is likely to be the main reason for the poor presentation of this epitope in BL cells. Interestingly, we show that treatments with proteasome inhibitors partially restore the capacity of BL cells to present the HPV epitope. This indicates that proteasomes from BL cells, although less efficient in degrading reference substrates than proteasomes from LCLs, are able to destroy the HPV epitope, which can, however, be generated and presented after partial inhibition of the proteasome. These findings suggest the use of proteasome inhibitors, alone or in combination with other drugs, as a strategy for the treatment of EBNA1-carrying tumours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Destro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bazzaro M, Anchoori RK, Mudiam MKR, Issaenko O, Kumar S, Karanam B, Lin Z, Isaksson Vogel R, Gavioli R, Destro F, Ferretti V, Roden RBS, Khan SR. α,β-Unsaturated carbonyl system of chalcone-based derivatives is responsible for broad inhibition of proteasomal activity and preferential killing of human papilloma virus (HPV) positive cervical cancer cells. J Med Chem 2010; 54:449-56. [PMID: 21186794 DOI: 10.1021/jm100589p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Proteasome inhibitors have potential for the treatment of cervical cancer. We describe the synthesis and biological characterization of a new series of 1,3-diphenylpropen-1-one (chalcone) based derivatives lacking the boronic acid moieties of the previously reported chalcone-based proteasome inhibitor 3,5-bis(4-boronic acid benzylidene)-1-methylpiperidin-4-one and bearing a variety of amino acid substitutions on the amino group of the 4-piperidone. Our lead compound 2 (RA-1) inhibits proteasomal activity and has improved dose-dependent antiproliferative and proapoptotic properties in cervical cancer cells containing human papillomavirus. Further, it induces synergistic killing of cervical cancer cell lines when tested in combination with an FDA approved proteasome inhibitor. Exploration of the potential mechanism of proteasomal inhibition by our lead compound using in silico docking studies suggests that the carbonyl group of its oxopiperidine moiety is susceptible to nucleophilic attack by the γ-hydroxythreonine side chain within the catalytic sites of the proteasome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Bazzaro
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Heath, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
IFN-α boosts epitope cross-presentation by dendritic cells via modulation of proteasome activity. Immunobiology 2010; 216:537-47. [PMID: 21093097 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2010.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2010] [Revised: 10/13/2010] [Accepted: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the peculiar cross-presentation efficiency of human dendritic cells (DCs) differentiated from monocytes in the presence of Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) and Interferon (IFN)-α (IFN-DCs). To this end, we evaluated the capability of IFN-DCs to present and cross-present epitopes derived from Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) or human melanoma-associated antigens after exposure to cell lysates or apoptotic cells. In an autologous setting, IFN-DCs loaded with Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines (LCL) lysates or apoptotic LCL were highly efficient in expanding, respectively, EBV-specific class II- or class I-restricted memory T cell responses. Of note, IFN-DCs loaded with apoptotic LCL were more potent than fully mature DCs in triggering the cytotoxicity of CD8(+) T lymphocytes recognizing a subdominant HLA-A*0201-restricted epitope derived from EBV latent membrane protein 2 (LMP2). In addition, IFN-DCs loaded with apoptotic human melanoma cells were highly efficient in cross-presenting the MART-1(27-35) epitope to a specific CD8(+) cytotoxic T cell clone, and this functional activity was proteasome-dependent. These IFN-DC properties were associated with an enhanced expression of all the immunoproteasome subunits as well as of TAP-1, TAP-2 and tapasin, and, interestingly, to a higher proteasome proteolytic activity as compared to immature or mature DCs. Altogether, these results highlight new mechanisms by which IFN-α influences antigen processing and cross-presentation ability of monocyte-derived DCs, with potentially important implications for the development of DC-based therapeutic vaccines.
Collapse
|
15
|
Baldisserotto A, Ferretti V, Destro F, Franceschini C, Marastoni M, Gavioli R, Tomatis R. Alpha,beta-unsaturated N-acylpyrrole peptidyl derivatives: new proteasome inhibitors. J Med Chem 2010; 53:6511-5. [PMID: 20687609 DOI: 10.1021/jm100122e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Because of the encouraging results obtained using vinyl ester derivatives, we synthesized and tested a novel series of peptide-based proteasome inhibitors bearing a new pharmacophore unit at the C-terminal. N-Acylpyrrole moiety is a potential substrate for Michael addition by catalytic threonine. Several analogues have demonstrated a selective inhibition of the multicatalytic complex beta1 subunits, the capacity to permeate cellular membrane, and good pharmacokinetics properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Baldisserotto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biotechnology Center, University of Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Baldisserotto A, Franceschini C, Scalambra F, Trapella C, Marastoni M, Sforza F, Gavioli R, Tomatis R. Synthesis and proteasome inhibition of N-allyl vinyl ester-based peptides. J Pept Sci 2010; 16:659-63. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.1280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
17
|
A Study on The Mechanism of The Inhibition of Bel-7404 Hepatocarcinoma Cell Growth by MG132*. PROG BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2010. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1206.2009.00575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
18
|
Diekmann J, Adamopoulou E, Beck O, Rauser G, Lurati S, Tenzer S, Einsele H, Rammensee HG, Schild H, Topp MS. Processing of two latent membrane protein 1 MHC class I epitopes requires tripeptidyl peptidase II involvement. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 183:1587-97. [PMID: 19587004 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0803441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The EBV Ag latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) has been described as a potential target for T cell immunotherapy in EBV-related malignancies. However, only a few CD8(+) T cell epitopes are known, and the benefit of LMP1-specific T cell immunotherapy has not yet been proven. In this work, we studied the processing of the two LMP1 HLA-A02-restricted epitopes, YLLEMLRWL and YLQQNWWTL. We found that target cells endogenously expressing the native LMP1 are not recognized by CTLs specific for these epitopes because the N-terminal part of LMP1 limits the efficiency of epitope generation. We further observed that the proteasome is not required for the generation of both epitopes and that the YLLEMLRWL epitope seems to be destroyed by the proteasome, because blocking of proteasomal activities enhanced specific CTL activation. Activation of LMP1-specific CTLs could be significantly reduced after inhibition of the tripeptidyl peptidase II, suggesting a role for this peptidase in the processing of both epitopes. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the MHC class I-restricted LMP1 epitopes studied in this work are two of very few epitopes known to date to be processed proteasome independently by tripeptidyl peptidase II.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Diekmann
- Medical Clinic und Policlinic II, Julius-Maximilian University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
N-terminal-prolonged vinyl ester-based peptides as selective proteasome beta1 subunit inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:5535-40. [PMID: 19577931 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2009] [Revised: 06/08/2009] [Accepted: 06/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and biological properties of vinyl ester peptide-based molecules bearing linear N-terminal amino acids are reported. Compounds were tested in vitro for their capacity to inhibit the chymotryptic-, tryptic-like, and post-acidic activities of the proteasome. Some analogues showed selective inhibition of post-acidic (PGPH) activity, which is attributed to the beta1 subunit. Interestingly, active compounds demonstrated higher inhibitory activity toward 'standard' proteasomes than toward immunoproteasomes. The inhibitory potency was found to be related to the amino acidic sequence and to the length of the N-terminal residues. The new inhibitors demonstrated resistance to plasmatic proteases and a good capacity to permeate the cell membrane.
Collapse
|
20
|
Discerning regulation of cis- and trans-presentation of CD8+ T-cell epitopes by EBV-encoded oncogene LMP-1 through self-aggregation. Blood 2009; 113:6148-52. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-02-203687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractActivation of the nuclear factor–κB pathway by Epstein-Barr virus–encoded latent membrane protein-1 (LMP-1) leads to an up-regulation of the major histocompatibility complex class I antigen–processing pathway. Paradoxically, LMP-1 itself induces a subdominant CD8+ T-cell response and appears to have evolved to avoid immune recognition. Here we show that, although expression of LMP-1 in human cells dramatically enhanced the trans-presentation of CD8+ T-cell epitopes, cis-presentation of LMP-1–derived epitopes was severely impaired. Testing of a series of LMP-1 mutants revealed that deletion of the first transmembrane domain of LMP-1, which prevented self-aggregation, significantly enhanced cis-presentation of T-cell epitopes from this protein, whereas it lost its ability to up-regulate trans-presentation. Interestingly, we also found that cis-presentation of LMP-1 epitopes was rescued by blocking the proteasome function. Taken together, these results delineate a novel mechanism of immune evasion, which renders a virally encoded oncogene inaccessible to the conventional major histocompatibility complex class I pathway limiting its cis-presentation to effector cells.
Collapse
|
21
|
Baldisserotto A, Marastoni M, Gavioli R, Tomatis R. New cyclic peptide proteasome inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:1966-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2008] [Revised: 02/10/2009] [Accepted: 02/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
22
|
Theil DJ, Libbey JE, Rodriguez F, Whitton JL, Tsunoda I, Derfuss TJ, Fujinami RS. Targeting myelin proteolipid protein to the MHC class I pathway by ubiquitination modulates the course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neuroimmunol 2008; 204:92-100. [PMID: 18706703 PMCID: PMC2646907 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2008.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2008] [Revised: 07/07/2008] [Accepted: 07/09/2008] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Relapsing-remitting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a multiple sclerosis model, is induced in mice by injection of myelin proteolipid protein (PLP) encephalitogenic peptide, PLP139-151, in adjuvant. In this study, prior to EAE induction, mice were vaccinated with a bacterial plasmid encoding a PLP-ubiquitin fusion (pCMVUPLP). During the relapse phase of EAE, clinical signs, histopathologic changes, in vitro lymphoproliferation to PLP139-151 and interferon-gamma levels were reduced in pCMVUPLP-vaccinated mice, compared to mock-vaccinated mice (controls). Lymphocytes from pCMVUPLP-vaccinated mice produced interleukin-4, a cytokine lacking in controls. Thus, pCMVUPLP vaccination can modulate the relapse after EAE induction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diethilde J. Theil
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, 30 North 1900 East, RM 3R330, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132
| | - Jane E. Libbey
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, 30 North 1900 East, RM 3R330, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132
| | - Fernando Rodriguez
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - J. Lindsay Whitton
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Ikuo Tsunoda
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, 30 North 1900 East, RM 3R330, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132
| | - Tobias J. Derfuss
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, 30 North 1900 East, RM 3R330, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132
| | - Robert S. Fujinami
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, 30 North 1900 East, RM 3R330, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Preta G, Marescotti D, Fortini C, Carcoforo P, Castelli C, Masucci M, Gavioli R. Inhibition of serine-peptidase activity enhances the generation of a survivin-derived HLA-A2-presented CTL epitope in colon-carcinoma cells. Scand J Immunol 2008; 68:579-88. [PMID: 19000094 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2008.02175.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes eliminate tumor cells expressing antigenic peptides in the context of MHC-I molecules. Peptides are generated during protein degradation by the proteasome and resulting products, surviving cytosolic amino-peptidases activity, may be presented by MHC-I molecules. The MHC-I processing pathway is altered in a large number of malignancies and modulation of antigen generation is one strategy employed by cells to evade immune control. In this study we analyzed the generation and presentation of a survivin-derived CTL epitope in HLA-A2-positive colon-carcinoma cells. Although all cell lines expressed the anti-apoptotic protein survivin, some tumors were poorly recognized by ELTLGEFLKL (ELT)-specific CTL cultures. The expression of MHC-I or TAP molecules was similar in all cell lines suggesting that tumors not recognized by CTLs may present defects in the generation of the ELT-epitope which could be due either to lack of generation or to subsequent degradation of the epitope. The cells were analyzed for the expression and the activity of extra-proteasomal peptidases. A significant overexpression and higher activity of TPPII was observed in colon-carcinoma cells which are not killed by ELT-specific CTLs, suggesting a possible role of TPPII in the degradation of the ELT-epitope. To confirm the role of TPPII in the degradation of the ELT-peptide, we showed that treatment of colon-carcinoma cells with a TPPII inhibitor resulted in a dose-dependent increased sensitivity to ELT-specific CTLs. These results suggest that TPPII is involved in degradation of the ELT-peptide, and its overexpression may contribute to the immune escape of colon-carcinoma cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Preta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
C-terminal constrained phenylalanine as a pharmacophoric unit in peptide-based proteasome inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2008; 43:1403-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2007.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2007] [Revised: 10/01/2007] [Accepted: 10/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
25
|
Baldisserotto A, Marastoni M, Fiorini S, Pretto L, Ferretti V, Gavioli R, Tomatis R. Vinyl ester-based cyclic peptide proteasome inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:1849-54. [PMID: 18294845 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2008] [Revised: 02/06/2008] [Accepted: 02/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The 20S proteasome is a multicatalytic protease complex responsible for the degradation of many proteins in mammalian cells. Specific inhibition of proteasome enzymatic subunits represents a topic of great interest for the development of new drug therapies. Following our previous development of a new class of peptide-based inhibitors bearing a C-terminal vinyl ester residue as a pharmacophoric unit that are able to interact with the catalytic threonine, we report here the synthesis and biological properties of a new series of vinyl ester cyclopeptide analogues. Some of these derivatives were shown to inhibit the chymotrypsin-like activity of the proteasome at nanomolar concentration and their potency was found to depend on the size of the tetrapeptidic cyclic portion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Baldisserotto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biotechnology Center, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Baldisserotto A, Marastoni M, Trapella C, Gavioli R, Ferretti V, Pretto L, Tomatis R. Glutamine vinyl ester proteasome inhibitors selective for trypsin-like (β2) subunit. Eur J Med Chem 2007; 42:586-92. [PMID: 17291631 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2006.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2006] [Revised: 11/30/2006] [Accepted: 12/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Here we report the study of a new series of peptide-based proteasome inhibitors with a vinyl ester moiety at C-terminal. The presence of Tic, a rigid analogue of phenylalanine, in the central portion of some derivatives is not favourable for the activity. The best analogue of the series shows a potent and selective inhibition for the beta2 subunit and good enzymatic stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Baldisserotto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biotechnology Center, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Raja Gabaglia C, Diaz de Durana Y, Graham FL, Gauldie J, Sercarz EE, Braciak TA. Attenuation of the Glucocorticoid Response during Ad5IL-12 Adenovirus Vector Treatment Enhances Natural Killer Cell–Mediated Killing of MHC Class I–Negative LNCaP Prostate Tumors. Cancer Res 2007; 67:2290-7. [PMID: 17332360 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-3399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cells can evolve to evade immune responses by down-modulating surface MHC class I expression and become refractory to T cell-directed immunotherapy. We employed a strategy to bypass this escape mechanism using a recombinant adenovirus vector expressing interleukin-12 (Ad5IL-12) to target natural killer (NK) cell-mediated killing of human prostate tumors in NOD.scid mice. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis revealed that LNCaP tumor cells bear negligible levels of MHC class I molecules; yet, they express MICA/B molecules, ligands for the NKG2D receptors found on NK cells. Transduction of LNCaP cells with the Ad5IL-12 vector prevented tumor formation in NOD.scid mice, indicating that NK cells alone can conduct tumor immunosurveillance and mediate protection. Intratumor injection of the Ad5IL-12 vector to established LNCaP tumors in NOD.scid mice resulted in a significant delay of tumor growth mediated by NK cell killing activity. The dependency of NK cells in this protective response was shown by the complete loss of Ad5IL-12 therapeutic efficacy on LNCaP tumors established in NOD.Cg-Rag1(tm1Mom)Prf1(tm1Sdz) congenic mice, which are devoid of NK cell activity. More pronounced attenuation of tumor growth and enhanced NK killing activity was observed when pharmacologic adrenalectomy with mitotane was done in combination with Ad5IL-12 vector treatment. The Ad5IL-12 vector treatment also induced killing of MICA/B-negative MHC class I-positive PC3 tumors formed in NOD.scid mice. Together, these results indicate that a targeted NK cell response could provide a generic approach for cancer immunotherapy, and that enhancing the NK cell response via control of cortisol levels may provide an additional therapeutic avenue in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Raja Gabaglia
- Division of Immune Regulation, Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, 3550 General Atomics Court, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Marastoni M, Baldisserotto A, Trapella C, Gavioli R, Tomatis R. P3 and P4 position analysis of vinyl ester pseudopeptide proteasome inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:3125-30. [PMID: 16603348 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2006] [Revised: 03/20/2006] [Accepted: 03/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Two small libraries of tripeptidic-based vinyl ester derivative proteasome inhibitors were synthesized and tested, starting with the Hmb-Val-Gln-Leu-VE prototype. The P3 and P4 positions were investigated with a complete set of amino acid residues, some of which showed remarkable selective inhibition of the trypsin-like (beta2) subunit. In both positions, aromatic and hydrophobic residues were preferred.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Marastoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biotechnology Center, University of Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Marastoni M, Baldisserotto A, Trapella C, Gavioli R, Tomatis R. Synthesis and biological evaluation of new vinyl ester pseudotripeptide proteasome inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2006; 41:978-84. [PMID: 16713026 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2006.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/23/2006] [Accepted: 04/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Here we report the synthesis and biological activities of new tripeptidic-based vinyl ester derivative proteasome inhibitors. Starting from Hmb-Val-Ser-Leu-VE prototype, we investigated P2 position and N-terminal substitution. The more effective inhibitors of the series showed remarkable inhibition and selectivity for the trypsin-like (beta2) subunit and were revealed to be specific for the proteasome. In vitro metabolic stability studies of the new vinyl ester analogues are also reported here.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Marastoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biotechnology Center, University of Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Marastoni M, Baldisserotto A, Cellini S, Gavioli R, Tomatis R. Peptidyl vinyl ester derivatives: new class of selective inhibitors of proteasome trypsin-like activity. J Med Chem 2005; 48:5038-42. [PMID: 16033282 DOI: 10.1021/jm040905d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex which plays a central role in intracellular protein degradation. We report here the synthesis and biological activities of a new class of specific proteasome inhibitors selective for trypsin-like activity. These tripeptide-based compounds bearing a C-terminal vinyl ester are nontoxic, and do not affect cell proliferation, but are able to modulate the generation and presentation of immunogenic peptides presented by MHC class I molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Marastoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biotechnology Centre, University of Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Bollard CM, Straathof KCM, Huls MH, Leen A, Lacuesta K, Davis A, Gottschalk S, Brenner MK, Heslop HE, Rooney CM. The generation and characterization of LMP2-specific CTLs for use as adoptive transfer from patients with relapsed EBV-positive Hodgkin disease. J Immunother 2005; 27:317-27. [PMID: 15235393 DOI: 10.1097/00002371-200407000-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cellular adoptive immunotherapy for virus-associated malignant disease is an attractive strategy, since viral antigens provide targets for specific T lymphocytes. In Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive Hodgkin disease (HD), a limited number of EBV-encoded antigens such as the latent membrane antigens (LMP) 1 and 2 are expressed on the malignant Reed-Sternberg cells. The authors aimed to generate cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) from patients with relapsed HD by specifically targeting LMP2A. Patients with relapsed HD have highly immunosuppressive tumors and have been heavily pretreated with cytotoxic agents. As a result, monocytes and lymphocytes are numerically reduced and functionally impaired. Approaches using dendritic cells (DCs) as the sole antigen-presenting cell to expand LMP2-specific CTL lines in vitro have proved impractical. The authors now show how small amounts of patient peripheral blood can be used to produce DCs expressing LMP2 after Ad5F35 transduction, and how an initial reactivation of LMP2-specific CTLs can be followed by stimulation with lymphoblastoid cell lines overexpressing LMP2 from the same vector. Large numbers of LMP2-specific cytotoxic lymphocytes are produced that contain both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (favoring long-term persistence in vivo) and recognize multiple LMP2 epitopes (minimizing the risk of tumor antigen loss variants). This approach is being used in a current clinical trial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Bollard
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, The Methodist Hospital and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Marastoni M, McDonald J, Baldisserotto A, Canella A, De Risi C, Pollini GP, Tomatis R. Proteasome inhibitors; synthesis and activity of arecoline oxide tripeptide derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:1965-8. [PMID: 15050638 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.01.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2003] [Revised: 01/22/2004] [Accepted: 01/22/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We describe the synthesis and biological activities of a series of methyl 3,4-epoxypiperidine-3-carboxylate tripeptide derivatives that inhibit the chymotryptic and tryptic active sites of the 20S proteasome. Of the series, compound 2 which contains 3-hydroxy-2-methylbenzoyl group at its N-terminal position, displayed the greatest inhibitory potency (IC(50) <1 microM). All derivatives showed favourable pharmacokinetic properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Marastoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biotechnology Center, University of Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Lee SP, Brooks JM, Al-Jarrah H, Thomas WA, Haigh TA, Taylor GS, Humme S, Schepers A, Hammerschmidt W, Yates JL, Rickinson AB, Blake NW. CD8 T cell recognition of endogenously expressed epstein-barr virus nuclear antigen 1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 199:1409-20. [PMID: 15148339 PMCID: PMC2211813 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20040121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) nuclear antigen (EBNA)1 contains a glycine-alanine repeat (GAr) domain that appears to protect the antigen from proteasomal breakdown and, as measured in cytotoxicity assays, from major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I–restricted presentation to CD8+ T cells. This led to the concept of EBNA1 as an immunologically silent protein that although unique in being expressed in all EBV malignancies, could not be exploited as a CD8 target. Here, using CD8+ T cell clones to native EBNA1 epitopes upstream and downstream of the GAr domain and assaying recognition by interferon γ release, we show that the EBNA1 naturally expressed in EBV-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) is in fact presented to CD8+ T cells via a proteasome/peptide transporter–dependent pathway. Furthermore, LCL recognition by such CD8+ T cells, although slightly lower than seen with paired lines expressing a GAr-deleted EBNA1 protein, leads to strong and specific inhibition of LCL outgrowth in vitro. Endogenously expressed EBNA1 is therefore accessible to the MHC class I pathway despite GAr-mediated stabilization of the mature protein. We infer that EBNA1-specific CD8+ T cells do play a role in control of EBV infection in vivo and might be exploitable in the control of EBV+ malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven P Lee
- Institute for Cancer Studies, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Marastoni M, Baldisserotto A, Canella A, Gavioli R, Risi CD, Pollini GP, Tomatis R. Arecoline Tripeptide Inhibitors of Proteasome. J Med Chem 2004; 47:1587-90. [PMID: 14998343 DOI: 10.1021/jm0309102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The 26S proteasome is a multicatalytic protease complex that plays an essential role in intracellular protein degradation. We have synthesized and tested a series of arecoline peptide derivatives where the peptide portion derives from a screening of tripeptide sequences, and the arecoline moiety has been considered as a potential substrate for catalytic threonine. Derivatives 17-19 are the best compounds of the series, showing chymotryptic-like (beta5) inhibition (IC(50) congruent with 1 microM) and favorable pharmacokinetic properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Marastoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biotechnology Center, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Mishto M, Santoro A, Bellavista E, Bonafé M, Monti D, Franceschi C. Immunoproteasomes and immunosenescence. Ageing Res Rev 2003; 2:419-32. [PMID: 14522244 DOI: 10.1016/s1568-1637(03)00030-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a complex process which is accompanied with the decline and the reshaping of different functions of the body. In particular the immune system is characterized, during ageing (immunosenescence) by a remodeling of innate immunity (well preserved, up-regulated) and clonotypical immunity (severely altered) and by the occurrence of a chronic inflammatory process (inflammaging) which are, at least in part, genetically controlled. In this scenario, it can be anticipated that a crucial role is played by age-related structural and functional alterations and modifications of proteasomes and immunoproteasomes, the last being a key component of antigen processing and MHC class I antigen presentation. A variety of experimental data are available, suggesting that proteasomes are affected by age, and that in centenarians they are relatively preserved. On the contrary, few data are available on immunoproteasomes, likely as a consequence of the poverty of suitable cellular models. Lymphoblastoid cell lines from EBV immortalized B cells from old donors is envisaged as a possible model for the study of immunoproteasomes in humans and their changes with age. Thus, basic questions such as those related to possible consequences, for immune responses in infectious diseases and cancer, of age-related alterations of antigen processing and presenting, change with age of self-antigen repertoire, and the genetic basis of immunoproteasome activity and its change with age, remain largely unanswered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Mishto
- Department of Experimental Pathology, University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo, 12, Bologna IT-40126, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|