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Aydın N, Ketani MA, Sağsöz H. The expression of intermediate filaments in the abomasum of ruminants: A comparative study. Anat Histol Embryol 2024; 53:e13088. [PMID: 38979752 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.13088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Intermediate filaments (IFs) are key molecular factors of the cell and have been reported to play an important role in maintaining the structural integrity and functionality of the abomasum. This study was designed to determine the regional distribution, cellular localization and expression of several IFs, including CK8, CK18, CK19, vimentin, desmin, peripherin and nestin, as well as the connective tissue component laminin, in the bovine, ovine and caprine abomasa. Immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated varying levels of expression of CK8, CK18, CK19, vimentin, desmin, nestin, peripherin and laminin in the bovine, ovine and caprine abomasa. CK8 immunoreactions were particularly evident in the luminal and glandular epithelia of the glands found in the abomasal cardia, fundus and pylorus in all three species. In the bovine abomasum, CK18 immunoreactions were stronger in the parietal cells, compared to the chief cells. In the abomasum of all three species, the smooth muscle as well as the smooth muscle cells of the vascular media in the cardiac, fundic and pyloric regions showed strong immunoreactivity. In all three species, the cardiac, fundic and pyloric regions of the abomasum showed strong peripherin and nestin immunoreactions in the luminal and glandular epithelial cells, stromal and smooth muscle cells, nervous plexuses and blood vessels. The expression patterns of IFs and laminin in the ruminant abomasum suggest that these proteins play a structural role in the cytoskeleton and are effective in maintaining abomasal tissue integrity and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurşin Aydın
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - M Aydın Ketani
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Hakan Sağsöz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey
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2
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Abubaker M, Greaney A, Newport D, Mulvihill JJE. Characterization of primary human leptomeningeal cells in 2D culture. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26744. [PMID: 38434413 PMCID: PMC10906397 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Maintaining the integrity of brain barriers is critical for a healthy central nervous system. While extensive research has focused on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) of the brain vasculature and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) of the choroid plexus, the barriers formed by the meninges have not received as much attention. These membranes create a barrier between the brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), as well as between CSF and blood. Recent studies have revealed that this barrier has been implicated in the development of neurological and immunological disorders. In order to gain a deeper comprehension of the functioning and significance of the meningeal barriers, sophisticated models of these barriers, need to be created. The aim of this paper is to investigate the characteristics of commercially available primary leptomeningeal cells (LMCs) that form the meningeal barriers, in a cultured environment, including their morphology, proteomics, and barrier properties, and to determine whether passaging of these cells affects their behaviour in comparison to their in vivo state. The results indicate that higher passage numbers significantly alter the morphology and protein localisation and expression of the LMCs. Furthermore, the primary cell culture co-stained for S100A6 and E-cadherin suggesting it is a co-culture of both pial and arachnoid cells. Additionally, cultured LMCs showed an increase in vimentin and cytokeratin expression and a lack of junctional proteins localisation on the cell membrane, which could suggest loss of epithelial properties due to culture, preventing barrier formation. This study shows that the LMCs may be a co-culture of pial and arachnoid cells, that the optimal LMC passage range is between passages two and five for experimentation and that the primary human LMCs form a weak barrier when in culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mannthalah Abubaker
- Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Castletroy, Limerick, Ireland
- School of Engineering, University of Limerick, Castletroy, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Aisling Greaney
- Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Castletroy, Limerick, Ireland
- School of Engineering, University of Limerick, Castletroy, Limerick, Ireland
| | - David Newport
- Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Castletroy, Limerick, Ireland
- School of Engineering, University of Limerick, Castletroy, Limerick, Ireland
| | - John J E Mulvihill
- Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Castletroy, Limerick, Ireland
- School of Engineering, University of Limerick, Castletroy, Limerick, Ireland
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Çelenk F, Saruhan BG, Sağsöz H. Differential distribution of intermediate filament proteins in the bovine and ovine tongues. Anat Histol Embryol 2024; 53:e13013. [PMID: 38230836 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.13013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Intermediate filaments constitute the most heterogeneous class among the major classes of cytoskeletal proteins of mammalian cells. The 40 or more intermediate filament proteins have been classified into five types which show very specific rules of expression in specialized cell types. This study aimed to investigate the immunohistochemical distribution of cytokeratins (CKs) 8, 18, and 19 as well as the intermediate filaments vimentin, laminin, and desmin in bovine and ovine tongues. Immunohistochemical staining was performed for CKs 8, 18, 19, vimentin, laminin, and desmin. Our results revealed similar immunostaining intensity and distribution among various CKs, contrasting with distinct patterns for vimentin, laminin, and desmin. Immunoreactions were primarily localized in serous acini and ductal epithelium for cytokeratins, while vimentin and laminin were evident in connective tissue, endothelium, serous acini, and desmin in striated and smooth muscles. This study highlighted the absence of CKs 8, 18, 19, vimentin, and desmin in the lingual epithelium of bovine and ovine tongues. These findings enabled the classification of epithelial cells based on their specific cytokeratin patterns. Furthermore, vimentin was identified in mesodermal tissues and organs, desmin in muscle tissue, and laminin played crucial roles in basement membrane formation, nerve tissue regeneration, innervation of epithelial taste buds, and tissue separation and connection. Our findings provide essential insights into intermediate filament dynamics at the cellular and tissue levels. They serve as a foundation for future studies using systematic molecular biological techniques in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Çelenk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Berna Güney Saruhan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Hakan Sağsöz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey
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Mundhe D, Mishra R, Basu S, Dalal S, Kumar S, Teni T. ΔNp63 overexpression promotes oral cancer cell migration through hyperactivated Activin A signaling. Exp Cell Res 2023; 431:113739. [PMID: 37567436 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Oral cancer is a common malignant tumor of the oral cavity that affects many countries with a prevalent distribution in the Indian subcontinent, with poor prognosis rate on account of locoregional metastases. Gain-of-function mutations in p53 and overexpression of its related transcription factor, p63 are both widely reported events in oral cancers. However, targeting these alterations remains a far-achieved aim due to lack of knowledge on their downstream signaling pathways. In the present study, we characterize the isoforms of p63 and using knockdown strategy, decipher the functions and oncogenic signaling of p63 in oral cancers. Using Microarray and Chromatin Immunoprecipitation experiments, we decipher a novel transcriptional regulatory axis between p63 and Activin A and establish its functional significance in migration of oral cancer cells. Using an orally bioavailable inhibitor of the Activin A pathway to attenuate oral cancer cell migration and invasion, we further demonstrate the targetability of this signaling axis. Our study highlights the oncogenic role of ΔNp63 - Activin A - SMAD2/3 signaling and provides a basis for targeting this oncogenic pathway in oral cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanashree Mundhe
- Teni Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Plot No. 1 & 2, Sector 22, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, Maharashtra, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, 2nd Floor, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rupa Mishra
- Teni Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Plot No. 1 & 2, Sector 22, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, Maharashtra, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, 2nd Floor, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, Maharashtra, India
| | - Srikanta Basu
- Cell and Tumor Biology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Plot No. 1 & 2, Sector 22, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, Maharashtra, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, 2nd Floor, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sorab Dalal
- Cell and Tumor Biology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Plot No. 1 & 2, Sector 22, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, Maharashtra, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, 2nd Floor, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- BioCOS Life Sciences Private Limited, AECS Layout, B-Block, Singasandra, Hosur Road, 851/A, Bengaluru, 560068, Karnataka, India; Department of AIML- Computer Science, School of Engineering, Dayananda Sagar University, Bengaluru, 560068, Karnataka, India
| | - Tanuja Teni
- Teni Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Plot No. 1 & 2, Sector 22, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, Maharashtra, India; Cell and Tumor Biology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Plot No. 1 & 2, Sector 22, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, Maharashtra, India.
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Utility of Keratins as Biomarkers for Human Oral Precancer and Cancer. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12030343. [PMID: 35330094 PMCID: PMC8950203 DOI: 10.3390/life12030343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human oral cancer is the single largest group of malignancies in the Indian subcontinent and the sixth largest group of malignancies worldwide. Squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) are the most common epithelial malignancy of the oral cavity, constituting over 90% of oral cancers. About 90% of OSCCs arise from pre-existing, potentially malignant lesions. According to WHO, OSCC has a 5-year survival rate of 45–60%. Late diagnosis, recurrence, and regional or lymph nodal metastases could be the main causes of the high mortality rates. Biomarkers may help categorize and predict premalignant lesions as high risk of developing malignancy, local recurrence, and lymph nodal metastasis. However, at present, there is a dearth of such markers, and this is an area of ongoing research. Keratins (K) or cytokeratins are a group of intermediate filament proteins that show paired and differentiation dependent expression. Our laboratory and others have shown consistent alterations in the expression patterns of keratins in both oral precancerous lesions and tumors. The correlation of these changes with clinicopathological parameters has also been demonstrated. Furthermore, the functional significance of aberrant keratins 8/18 expression in the malignant transformation and progression of oral tumors has also been documented. This article reviews the literature that emphasizes the value of keratins as biomarkers for the prognostication of human oral precancers and cancers.
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Tiwari R, Ganguli N, Alam H, Sahu I, Vadivel CK, Sinha S, Patel S, Jamghare SN, Bane S, Thorat R, Majumdar SS, Vaidya MM. Generation of a tissue-specific transgenic model for K8 phosphomutants: A tool to investigate the role of K8 phosphorylation during skin carcinogenesis in vivo. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:1720-1732. [PMID: 33847415 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Keratin 8/18, the predominant keratin pair of simple epithelia, is known to be aberrantly expressed in several squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), where its expression is often correlated with increased invasion, neoplastic progression, and poor prognosis. The majority of keratin 8/18 structural and regulatory functions are governed by posttranslational modifications, particularly phosphorylation. Apart from filament reorganization, cellular processes including cell cycle, cell growth, cellular stress, and apoptosis are known to be orchestrated by K8 phosphorylation at specific residues in the head and tail domains. Even though deregulation of K8 phosphorylation at two significant sites (Serine73 /Serine431 ) has been implicated in neoplastic progression of SCCs by various in vitro studies, including ours, it is reported to be highly context-dependent. Therefore, to delineate the precise role of Kereatin 8 phosphorylation in cancer initiation and progression, we have developed the tissue-specific transgenic mouse model expressing Keratin 8 wild type and phosphodead mutants under Keratin 14 promoter. Subjecting these mice to 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene/12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-mediated skin carcinogenesis revealed that Keratin 8 phosphorylation may lead to an early onset of tumors compared to Keratin 8 wild-type expressing mice. Conclusively, the transgenic mouse model developed in the present study ascertained a positive impact of Keratin 8 phosphorylation on the neoplastic transformation of skin-squamous cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Tiwari
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research, and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Hunain Alam
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research, and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Indrajit Sahu
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research, and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, India
| | | | - Shruti Sinha
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research, and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Shweta Patel
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research, and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Sayli Nitin Jamghare
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research, and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Sanjay Bane
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research, and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, India
| | | | | | - Milind M Vaidya
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research, and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
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7
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Yang Y, Zhou J, He P, Wu H. The Role of Keratin-8 and Keratin-18 Polymorphisms and Protein Levels in the Occurrence and Progression of Vocal Leukoplakia. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 2021; 83:65-74. [PMID: 33472210 DOI: 10.1159/000511447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the association between the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and tissue protein level of keratin-8/18 and the occurrence and progression of vocal leukoplakia. METHODS The case-control study enrolled 158 patients with vocal leukoplakia, 326 patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), and 268 healthy controls, which were tested for genotype analysis with keratin-8 and keratin-18 gene polymorphisms using pyrosequencing. The tissue protein expression levels of keratin-8 and keratin-18 were evaluated using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The keratin-8 SNP RS1907671 showed an obvious increased risk for vocal leukoplakia (OR 1.56, p = 0.002), while the other SNPs (RS2035875, RS2035878, RS4300473) were tested as protective factors for vocal leukoplakia and LSCC (OR <1, p < 0.05). In keratin-18 SNP test, both RS2070876 and RS2638526 polymorphisms demonstrated decreased risks for vocal leukoplakia and LSCC (OR <1, p < 0.05). The protein levels of keratin-8 and keratin-18 in vocal leukoplakia group were significantly higher than those of the LSCC group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Keratin-8 and keratin-18 polymorphisms and protein levels are associated with the occurrence and progression of vocal leukoplakia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Clinical Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Clinical Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peijie He
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Clinical Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haitao Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, .,Shanghai Key Clinical Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,
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8
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Mundhe D, Waghole R, Pawar S, Mishra R, Shetty A, Gera P, Kannan S, Teni T. Concomitant overexpression of Activin A and p63 is associated with poor outcome in oral cancer patients. J Oral Pathol Med 2020; 49:876-885. [DOI: 10.1111/jop.13049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dhanashree Mundhe
- Teni Laboratory Tata Memorial Centre Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC) Navi Mumbai India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute Mumbai India
| | - Rohit Waghole
- Teni Laboratory Tata Memorial Centre Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC) Navi Mumbai India
| | - Sagar Pawar
- Teni Laboratory Tata Memorial Centre Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC) Navi Mumbai India
| | - Rupa Mishra
- Teni Laboratory Tata Memorial Centre Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC) Navi Mumbai India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute Mumbai India
| | - Arusha Shetty
- Teni Laboratory Tata Memorial Centre Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC) Navi Mumbai India
| | - Poonam Gera
- Biorepository Tata Memorial Centre Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC) Navi Mumbai India
| | - Sadhana Kannan
- Epidemiology and Clinical Trial Unit Tata Memorial Centre Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC) Navi Mumbai India
| | - Tanuja Teni
- Teni Laboratory Tata Memorial Centre Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC) Navi Mumbai India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute Mumbai India
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Abstract
This protocol was developed to assess communication in tumor cells and to provide a dependable and standardized assay for the in vitro determination of gap junction function. The method is noninvasive; in this method, the cell population under study is divided such that 1 fraction is loaded with a lipophilic cell plasma membrane permeable dye, calcein acetoxymethyl ester, that is hydrolyzed upon cellular uptake by cytoplasmic esterases to yield calcein, a fluorescent and membrane-impermeable molecule. The other fraction is loaded with 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3' tetramethylindodicarbocyanine perchlorate (DiD)/1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate [Dil; DilC18(3)], which is a lipophilic membrane dye that diffuses laterally to stain the entire cell membrane, is impermeable, and attains an orange-red fluorescence upon incorporation into membranes. The 2 fractions are mixed and incubated under coculture conditions. Calcein with MW 890 kD is transferred to the DiD/DiI-stained cells through gap junctions. The assessment of this uptake is made with confocal imaging and quantitated using flow cytometry. Cell lines representing cancer of the breast as well as a nontransformed cell line developed from the buccal mucosa were analyzed for gap junction competency. Confocal imaging with acquisition at specific time points during the in vitro treatment and flow cytometry gave a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the passage of molecules through the gap junctions. Here, the method has been combined to obtain images as well as quantitation and is a simple and effective approach in assessing the functional competency of gap junction in epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujjwala M Warawdekar
- Cancer Research Institute (CRI) Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai 410210, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400085, India
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10
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Pandian J, Panneerpandian P, Devanandan HJ, Sekar BT, Balakrishnan K, Selvarasu K, Muthupandi K, Ganesan K. Identification of the targeted therapeutic potential of doxycycline for a subset of gastric cancer patients. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2020; 1467:94-111. [PMID: 31944316 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The identification of new drugs for the targeted therapy of gastric cancer remains an important need. The RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK/ELK1 signaling cascade is activated in many cancers, including gastric cancer. To identify the targetable inhibitors of the ERK/MAPK pathway, we performed a repurposing screening of a panel of antimicrobial agents in gastric cancer cells using an ERK/MAPK-driven firefly luciferase reporter assay. Multiple antibiotics were identified to inhibit ERK-mediated transcriptional activity. Among them, doxycycline showed high inhibition of ERK/MAPK-regulated transcriptional activity and the levels of ERK proteins. Doxycycline was further identified to inhibit the proliferation and the colony- and spheroid-forming potential of gastric cancer cells. By in vitro signaling pathway and genome-wide expression profiling analyses, doxycycline was identified to inhibit signaling pathways and transcriptional activities regulated by ER, Myc, E2F1, Wnt, SMAD2/3/4, Notch, and OCT4. Doxycycline was also found to activate p53-, ATF6-, NRF1/2-, and MTF1-mediated transcription and inhibit the transcription of histones, proteasomal genes, fibroblast growth factor, and other oncogenic factors. These observations show the multitargeting and targeted therapeutic features of doxycycline for a subset of gastric tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaishree Pandian
- Unit of Excellence in Cancer Genetics, Department of Genetics, Centre for Excellence in Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India
| | - Ponmathi Panneerpandian
- Unit of Excellence in Cancer Genetics, Department of Genetics, Centre for Excellence in Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India
| | - Helen Jemimah Devanandan
- Unit of Excellence in Cancer Genetics, Department of Genetics, Centre for Excellence in Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India
| | - Balaji T Sekar
- Unit of Excellence in Cancer Genetics, Department of Genetics, Centre for Excellence in Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India
| | - Karthik Balakrishnan
- Unit of Excellence in Cancer Genetics, Department of Genetics, Centre for Excellence in Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India
| | - Karthikeyan Selvarasu
- Unit of Excellence in Cancer Genetics, Department of Genetics, Centre for Excellence in Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India
| | - Karthikeyan Muthupandi
- Unit of Excellence in Cancer Genetics, Department of Genetics, Centre for Excellence in Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India
| | - Kumaresan Ganesan
- Unit of Excellence in Cancer Genetics, Department of Genetics, Centre for Excellence in Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India
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11
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Aberrant expression of vimentin predisposes oral premalignant lesion derived cells towards transformation. Exp Mol Pathol 2018; 105:243-251. [PMID: 30189187 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We have previously reported the aberrant expression of vimentin in human oral premalignant lesions and a 4-Nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO) model of rat lingual carcinogenesis. Hence, we wanted to understand whether the expression of vimentin in early stage contributes to the process of transformation. STUDY DESIGN Vimentin was stably expressed in oral premalignant lesion derived cells (vimentin negative) and various transformation related phenotypic assays were performed. Since vimentin alone failed to transform the cells, an additional carcinogenic stimulus benzo[a]pyrene (BP) was used. Concomitantly, immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed on oral leukoplakia and tumor tissues for studying the expression of vimentin and E-cadherin. RESULTS Exogenous expression of vimentin led to the appearance of EMT and stemness-related signatures. Further, upon BP treatment, vimentin expressing clones showed an increase in vitro and in vivo transformation efficiency. Importantly, high vimentin-low E-cadherin expression significantly correlated with the grade of dysplasia, as also with the lymph node metastasis in oral tumors. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that the expression of vimentin in early stages may be beneficial, although not sufficient to achieve transformation. Further, high vimentin-low E-cadherin expression, if validated in more number of early oral lesions, may prove useful in the identification of high risk human premalignant lesions.
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Basu S, Chaudhary N, Shah S, Braggs C, Sawant A, Vaz S, Thorat R, Gupta S, Dalal SN. Plakophilin3 loss leads to an increase in lipocalin2 expression, which is required for tumour formation. Exp Cell Res 2018; 369:251-265. [PMID: 29803740 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
An increase in tumour formation and metastasis are observed upon plakophilin3 (PKP3) loss. To identify pathways downstream of PKP3 loss that are required for increased tumour formation, a gene expression analysis was performed, which demonstrated that the expression of lipocalin2 (LCN2) was elevated upon PKP3 loss and this is consistent with expression data from human tumour samples suggesting that PKP3 loss correlates with an increase in LCN2 expression. PKP3 loss leads to an increase in invasion, tumour formation and metastasis and these phenotypes were dependent on the increase in LCN2 expression. The increased LCN2 expression was due to an increase in the activation of p38 MAPK in the HCT116 derived PKP3 knockdown clones as LCN2 expression decreased upon inhibition of p38 MAPK. The phosphorylated active form of p38 MAPK is translocated to the nucleus upon PKP3 loss and is dependent on complex formation between p38 MAPK and PKP3. WT PKP3 inhibits LCN2 reporter activity in PKP3 knockdown cells but a PKP3 mutant that fails to form a complex with p38 MAPK cannot suppress LCN2 promoter activity. Further, LCN2 expression is decreased upon loss of p38β, but not p38α, in the PKP3 knockdown cells. These results suggest that PKP3 loss leads to an increase in the nuclear translocation of p38 MAPK and p38β MAPK is required for the increase in LCN2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikanta Basu
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar Node, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Nazia Chaudhary
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar Node, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Sanket Shah
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Biology Group, Gupta Lab, Cancer Research Institute, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Carol Braggs
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar Node, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Aakanksha Sawant
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar Node, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Simone Vaz
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar Node, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rahul Thorat
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar Node, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Biology Group, Gupta Lab, Cancer Research Institute, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Sorab N Dalal
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar Node, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400085, India.
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13
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Elango T, Sun J, Zhu C, Zhou F, Zhang Y, Sun L, Yang S, Zhang X. Mutational analysis of epidermal and hyperproliferative type I keratins in mild and moderate psoriasis vulgaris patients: a possible role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis along with disease severity. Hum Genomics 2018; 12:27. [PMID: 29784039 PMCID: PMC5963134 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-018-0158-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mutations in keratin proteins have been vastly associated with a wide array of genodermatoses; however, mutations of keratins in psoriasis have not been fully investigated. The main aim of the current research was to identify the mutation in K14, K10, K16, and K17 genes in two stages of psoriasis patients. Methods Ninety-six psoriatic skin biopsies were collected. mRNA transcript of K14, K10, K16, and K17 was prepared, amplified, and sequenced. Sanger sequences of all keratins were further validated for mutational analysis using Mutation Surveyor and Alamut Visual. Then, in silico analysis of protein stability and protein and gene expression of all keratins was performed and validated. Results Out of 44 mutations, about 75% of keratins are highly pathogenic and deleterious. Remaining 25% mutations are less pathogenic and tolerated in nature. In these 33 deleterious mutations were immensely found to decrease keratin protein stability. We also found a correlation between keratin and Psoriasis Area and Severity Index score which added that alteration in keratin gene in skin causes severity of psoriasis. Conclusions We strongly concluded that acanthosis and abnormal terminal differentiation was mainly due to the mutation in epidermal keratins. In turn, disease severity and relapsing of psoriasis are mainly due to the mutation of hyperproliferative keratins. These novel keratin mutations in psoriatic epidermis might be one of the causative factors for psoriasis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40246-018-0158-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamilselvi Elango
- Institute and Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China. .,Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Jingying Sun
- Institute and Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Caihong Zhu
- Institute and Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fusheng Zhou
- Institute and Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yaohua Zhang
- Institute of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangdan Sun
- Institute and Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Complex and Severe Dermatosis, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Sen Yang
- Institute and Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Complex and Severe Dermatosis, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xuejun Zhang
- Institute and Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China. .,Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Complex and Severe Dermatosis, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China. .,Institute of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.
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14
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Tiwari R, Sahu I, Soni BL, Sathe GJ, Thapa P, Patel P, Sinha S, Vadivel CK, Patel S, Jamghare SN, Oak S, Thorat R, Gowda H, Vaidya MM. Depletion of keratin 8/18 modulates oncogenic potential by governing multiple signaling pathways. FEBS J 2018; 285:1251-1276. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.14401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Richa Tiwari
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer Navi Mumbai India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute Mumbai India
| | - Indrajit Sahu
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer Navi Mumbai India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute Mumbai India
- Department of Biology Technion – Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel
| | - Bihari Lal Soni
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer Navi Mumbai India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute Mumbai India
| | | | - Pankaj Thapa
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer Navi Mumbai India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute Mumbai India
| | - Pavan Patel
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer Navi Mumbai India
| | - Shruti Sinha
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer Navi Mumbai India
| | | | - Shweta Patel
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer Navi Mumbai India
| | - Sayli Nitin Jamghare
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer Navi Mumbai India
| | - Swapnil Oak
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer Navi Mumbai India
| | - Rahul Thorat
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer Navi Mumbai India
| | | | - Milind M. Vaidya
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer Navi Mumbai India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute Mumbai India
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15
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Chaudhari PR, Charles SE, D'Souza ZC, Vaidya MM. Hemidesmosomal linker proteins regulate cell motility, invasion and tumorigenicity in oral squamous cell carcinoma derived cells. Exp Cell Res 2017; 360:125-137. [PMID: 28867478 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BPAG1e and Plectin are hemidesmosomal linker proteins which anchor intermediate filament proteins to the cell surface through β4 integrin. Recent reports indicate that these proteins play a role in various cellular processes apart from their known anchoring function. However, the available literature is inconsistent. Further, the previous study from our laboratory suggested that Keratin8/18 pair promotes cell motility and tumor progression by deregulating β4 integrin signaling in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) derived cells. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that linker proteins may have a role in neoplastic progression of OSCC. Downregulation of hemidesmosomal linker proteins in OSCC derived cells resulted in reduced cell migration accompanied by alterations in actin organization. Further, decreased MMP9 activity led to reduced cell invasion in linker proteins knockdown cells. Moreover, loss of these proteins resulted in reduced tumorigenic potential. SWATH analysis demonstrated upregulation of N-Myc downstream regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) in linker proteins downregulated cells as compared to vector control cells. Further, the defects in phenotype upon linker proteins ablation were rescued upon loss of NDRG1 in linker proteins knockdown background. These data together indicate that hemidesmosomal linker proteins regulate cell motility, invasion and tumorigenicity possibly through NDRG1 in OSCC derived cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Rajeev Chaudhari
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Silvania Emlit Charles
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Zinia Charlotte D'Souza
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Milind Murlidhar Vaidya
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400085, India.
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16
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Man S, Li J, Qiu P, Liu J, Liu Z, Ma L, Gao W. Inhibition of lung cancer in diethylnitrosamine-induced mice byRhizomaparidis saponins. Mol Carcinog 2017; 56:1405-1413. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.22601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuli Man
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering, Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, College of Biotechnology; Tianjin University of Science and Technology; Tianjin China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering, Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, College of Biotechnology; Tianjin University of Science and Technology; Tianjin China
| | - Peiyu Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering, Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, College of Biotechnology; Tianjin University of Science and Technology; Tianjin China
| | - Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering, Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, College of Biotechnology; Tianjin University of Science and Technology; Tianjin China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering, Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, College of Biotechnology; Tianjin University of Science and Technology; Tianjin China
| | - Long Ma
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering, Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, College of Biotechnology; Tianjin University of Science and Technology; Tianjin China
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin China
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17
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Snail-Modulated MicroRNA 493 Forms a Negative Feedback Loop with the Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Receptor Pathway and Blocks Tumorigenesis. Mol Cell Biol 2017; 37:MCB.00510-16. [PMID: 27956702 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00510-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we have identified one microRNA, microRNA 493 (miR-493), which could simultaneously and directly regulate multiple genes downstream of the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) pathway, including IGF1R, by binding with complementary sequences in the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of mRNAs of IGF1R, insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1), and mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1), thereby potentiating their inhibitory function at multiple levels in development and progression of cancers. This binding was further confirmed by pulldown of miR with AGO-2 antibody. Further, results from head and neck samples showed that miR-493 levels were significantly downregulated in tumors, with a concomitant increase in the expression of IGF1R and key downstream effectors. Functional studies from miR-493 overexpression cells and nude-mouse models revealed the tumor suppressor functions of miR-493. Regulation studies revealed that Snail binds to the miR-493 promoter and represses it. We found the existence of a dynamic negative feedback loop in the regulation of IGF1R and miR-493 mediated via Snail. Our study showed that nicotine treatment significantly decreases the levels of miR-493-with a concomitant increase in the levels of Snail-an indication of progression of cells toward tumorigenesis, reestablishing the role of tobacco as a major risk factor for head and neck cancers and elucidating the mechanism behind nicotine-mediated tumorigenesis.
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18
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Dmello C, Sawant S, Alam H, Gangadaran P, Mogre S, Tiwari R, D’Souza Z, Narkar M, Thorat R, Patil K, Chaukar D, Kane S, Vaidya M. Vimentin regulates differentiation switch via modulation of keratin 14 levels and their expression together correlates with poor prognosis in oral cancer patients. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172559. [PMID: 28225793 PMCID: PMC5321444 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vimentin is an intermediate filament protein, predominantly expressed in cells of mesenchymal origin, although its aberrant expression is seen in many carcinomas during epithelial mesenchymal transition. In cancer, vimentin expression is associated with the transition from a more differentiated epithelial phenotype to a dedifferentiated state. In view of the perceived role of keratins (Ks) as regulators of differentiation in epithelia, it was important to understand whether vimentin modulates differentiation through the reprogramming of keratins, in transformed cells. To address this, vimentin was stably downregulated in oral cancer derived cells. Further, global keratin profiling was performed after high salt keratin extraction. K5/K14 pair was found to be significantly downregulated, both at protein and mRNA levels upon vimentin downregulation. The previous study from our laboratory has shown a role of the K5/K14 pair in proliferation and differentiation of squamous epithelial cells. Vimentin depleted cells showed an increase in the differentiation state, marked by an increase in the levels of differentiation specific markers K1, involucrin, filaggrin and loricrin while its proliferation status remained unchanged. Rescue experiments with the K5/K14 pair overexpressed in vimentin knockdown background resulted in decreased differentiation state. ΔNp63 emerged as one of the indirect targets of vimentin, through which it modulates the expression levels of K5/K14. Further, immunohistochemistry showed a significant correlation between high vimentin-K14 expression and recurrence/poor survival in oral cancer patients. Thus, in conclusion, vimentin regulates the differentiation switch via modulation of K5/K14 expression. Moreover, vimentin-K14 together may prove to be the novel markers for the prognostication of human oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crismita Dmello
- Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training school complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India
| | - Sharada Sawant
- Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training school complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India
| | - Hunain Alam
- Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Prakash Gangadaran
- Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Saie Mogre
- Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Richa Tiwari
- Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training school complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India
| | - Zinia D’Souza
- Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Manish Narkar
- Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Rahul Thorat
- Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Komal Patil
- Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Devendra Chaukar
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training school complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India
- Surgical Oncology, Head and Neck Unit, Tata Memorial Hospital (TMH), Parel, Mumbai, India
| | - Shubhada Kane
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training school complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India
- Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Hospital (TMH), Parel, Mumbai, India
| | - Milind Vaidya
- Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training school complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India
- * E-mail:
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19
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Consequences of Keratin Phosphorylation for Cytoskeletal Organization and Epithelial Functions. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 330:171-225. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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20
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Voiculescu V, Calenic B, Ghita M, Lupu M, Caruntu A, Moraru L, Voiculescu S, Ion A, Greabu M, Ishkitiev N, Caruntu C. From Normal Skin to Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Quest for Novel Biomarkers. DISEASE MARKERS 2016; 2016:4517492. [PMID: 27642215 PMCID: PMC5011506 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4517492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Squamous cells carcinoma (SCC) is the second most frequent of the keratinocyte-derived malignancies after basal cell carcinoma and is associated with a significant psychosocial and economic burden for both the patient himself and society. Reported risk factors for the malignant transformation of keratinocytes and development of SCC include ultraviolet light exposure, followed by chronic scarring and inflammation, exposure to chemical compounds (arsenic, insecticides, and pesticides), and immune-suppression. Despite various available treatment methods and recent advances in noninvasive or minimal invasive diagnostic techniques, the risk recurrence and metastasis are far from being negligible, even in patients with negative histological margins and lymph nodes. Analyzing normal, dysplastic, and malignant keratinocyte proteome holds special promise for novel biomarker discovery in SCC that could be used in the future for early detection, risk assessment, tumor monitoring, and development of targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlad Voiculescu
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Elias Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bogdan Calenic
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Ghita
- Dermatology Research Laboratory, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihai Lupu
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Elias Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana Caruntu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, “Carol Davila” Central Military Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Liliana Moraru
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, “Carol Davila” Central Military Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Suzana Voiculescu
- Department of Physiology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandra Ion
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Elias Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Maria Greabu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Nikolay Ishkitiev
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Constantin Caruntu
- Dermatology Research Laboratory, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Physiology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
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Sawant S, Dongre H, Singh AK, Joshi S, Costea DE, Mahadik S, Ahire C, Makani V, Dange P, Sharma S, Chaukar D, Vaidya M. Establishment of 3D Co-Culture Models from Different Stages of Human Tongue Tumorigenesis: Utility in Understanding Neoplastic Progression. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160615. [PMID: 27501241 PMCID: PMC4976883 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To study multistep tumorigenesis process, there is a need of in-vitro 3D model simulating in-vivo tissue. Present study aimed to reconstitute in-vitro tissue models comprising various stages of neoplastic progression of tongue tumorigenesis and to evaluate the utility of these models to investigate the role of stromal fibroblasts in maintenance of desmosomal anchoring junctions using transmission electron microscopy. We reconstituted in-vitro models representing normal, dysplastic, and malignant tissues by seeding primary keratinocytes on either fibroblast embedded in collagen matrix or plain collagen matrix in growth factor-free medium. The findings of histomorphometry, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy analyses of the three types of 3D cultures showed that the stratified growth, cell proliferation, and differentiation were comparable between co-cultures and their respective native tissues; however, they largely differed in cultures grown without fibroblasts. The immunostaining intensity of proteins, viz., desmoplakin, desmoglein, and plakoglobin, was reduced as the disease stage increased in all co-cultures as observed in respective native tissues. Desmosome-like structures were identified using immunogold labeling in these cultures. Moreover, electron microscopic observations revealed that the desmosome number and their length were significantly reduced and intercellular spaces were increased in cultures grown without fibroblasts when compared with their co-culture counterparts. Our results showed that the major steps of tongue tumorigenesis can be reproduced in-vitro. Stromal fibroblasts play a role in regulation of epithelial thickness, cell proliferation, differentiation, and maintenance of desmosomalanchoring junctions in in-vitro grown tissues. The reconstituted co-culture models could help to answer various biological questions especially related to tongue tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharada Sawant
- Vaidya Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- * E-mail:
| | - Harsh Dongre
- Vaidya Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Archana Kumari Singh
- Vaidya Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shriya Joshi
- Vaidya Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Daniela Elena Costea
- Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, and Center for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Snehal Mahadik
- Vaidya Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Chetan Ahire
- Vaidya Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vidhi Makani
- Nups and Sumo Biology Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Education and Research, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Prerana Dange
- Vaidya Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shilpi Sharma
- Oral Surgery, Head and Neck Unit, Tata Memorial Hospital (TMH), Parel, Mumbai, India
| | - Devendra Chaukar
- Oral Surgery, Head and Neck Unit, Tata Memorial Hospital (TMH), Parel, Mumbai, India
| | - Milind Vaidya
- Vaidya Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Frohwitter G, Buerger H, VAN Diest PJ, Korsching E, Kleinheinz J, Fillies T. Cytokeratin and protein expression patterns in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity provide evidence for two distinct pathogenetic pathways. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:107-113. [PMID: 27347109 PMCID: PMC4906805 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral cavity is a morphological heterogeneous disease. Various cytokeratin (CK) expression patterns with different prognostic values have been described, but little is known concerning the underlying biological cell mechanisms. Therefore, the present study investigated 193 cases of oral SCCs using immunohistochemistry for α/β/γ-catenin, glucose transporter 1, caspase-3, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein, hypoxia inducible factor-1α, carbonic anhydrase 9, heat shock protein (hsp) 70, mast/stem cell growth factor receptor, p21, p27, p16, p53, B-cell lymphoma 6, epidermal growth factor receptor, cyclin D1 and CK1, 5/6, 8/18, 10, 14 and 19. Expression patterns were analyzed with biomathematical permutation analysis. The present results revealed a significant association between the expression of low-molecular weight CK8/18 and 19 and a high-tumor grade, β and γ-catenin expression, deregulated cell cycle proteins and a predominant localization of the tumor on the floor of the mouth. By contrast, expression of high-molecular weight CK1, 5/6, 10 and 14 was significantly associated with the expression of p21 and hsp70. In conclusion, the current study presents evidence for the existence of two parallel pathogenetic pathways in oral SCCs, characterized by the expression of low- and high-molecular weight CKs. Additional studies are required to demonstrate the extent that these results may be used to improve therapeutic regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Horst Buerger
- Institute of Pathology, D-33098 Paderborn, Germany; Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul J VAN Diest
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Eberhard Korsching
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Johannes Kleinheinz
- Department of Cranio and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Fillies
- Department of Cranio and Maxillofacial Surgery, Marienhospital Stuttgart, D-70199 Stuttgart, Germany
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Collision Tumour of Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Malignant Melanoma in the Oral Cavity of a Dog. J Comp Pathol 2016; 154:314-8. [PMID: 27147111 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A 7-year-old, male cocker spaniel was presented with a gingival proliferative lesion in the rostral maxilla and enlargement of the regional lymph node. Morphological and immunohistochemical analysis revealed a collision tumour composed of two malignant populations, epithelial and melanocytic, with metastasis of the neoplastic melanocytes to the regional lymph node. The epithelial component consisted of trabeculae and islands of well-differentiated squamous epithelium immunoreactive to cytokeratins. The melanocytic component had a varying degree of pigmentation of polygonal and spindle-shaped cells, growing in nests or densely packed aggregates and immunolabelled with S100, melanoma-associated antigen (melan A), neuron-specific enolase and vimentin antibodies. Protein markers involved in tumorigenesis or cell proliferation (i.e. COX-2, p53, c-kit and Ki67), were overexpressed by the neoplastic cells. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first description of an oral collision tumour involving malignant melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma in the dog.
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Kakade PS, Budnar S, Kalraiya RD, Vaidya MM. Functional Implications of O-GlcNAcylation-dependent Phosphorylation at a Proximal Site on Keratin 18. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:12003-13. [PMID: 27059955 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.728717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Keratins 8/18 (K8/18) are phosphoglycoproteins and form the major intermediate filament network of simple epithelia. The three O-GlcNAcylation (Ser(29), Ser(30), and Ser(48)) and two phosphorylation (Ser(33) and Ser(52)) serine sites on K18 are well characterized. Both of these modifications have been reported to increase K18 solubility and regulate its filament organization. In this report, we investigated the site-specific interplay between these two modifications in regulating the functional properties of K18, like solubility, stability, and filament organization. An immortalized hepatocyte cell line (HHL-17) stably expressing site-specific single, double, and triple O-GlcNAc and phosphomutants of K18 were used to identify the site(s) critical for regulating these functions. Keratin 18 mutants where O-GlcNAcylation at Ser(30) was abolished (K18-S30A) exhibited reduced phosphorylation induced solubility, increased stability, defective filament architecture, and slower migration. Interestingly, K18-S30A mutants also showed loss of phosphorylation at Ser(33), a modification known to regulate the solubility of K18. Further to this, the K18 phosphomutant (K18-S33A) mimicked K18-S30A in its stability, filament organization, and cell migration. These results indicate that O-GlcNAcylation at Ser(30) promotes phosphorylation at Ser(33) to regulate the functional properties of K18 and also impact cellular processes like migration. O-GlcNAcylation and phosphorylation on the same or adjacent sites on most proteins antagonize each other in regulating protein functions. Here we report a novel, positive interplay between O-GlcNAcylation and phosphorylation at adjacent sites on K18 to regulate its fundamental properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam S Kakade
- From the Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Sector 22, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Srikanth Budnar
- From the Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Sector 22, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Rajiv D Kalraiya
- From the Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Sector 22, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Milind M Vaidya
- From the Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Sector 22, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
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25
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Dmello C, Sawant S, Alam H, Gangadaran P, Tiwari R, Dongre H, Rana N, Barve S, Costea DE, Chaukar D, Kane S, Pant H, Vaidya M. Vimentin-mediated regulation of cell motility through modulation of beta4 integrin protein levels in oral tumor derived cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 70:161-72. [PMID: 26646105 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Vimentin expression correlates well with migratory and invasive potential of the carcinoma cells. The molecular mechanism by which vimentin regulates cell motility is not yet clear. Here, we addressed this issue by depleting vimentin in oral squamous cell carcinoma derived cell line. Vimentin knockdown cells showed enhanced adhesion and spreading to laminin-5. However, we found that they were less invasive as compared to the vector control cells. In addition, signaling associated with adhesion behavior of the cell was increased in vimentin knockdown clones. These findings suggest that the normal function of β4 integrin as mechanical adhesive device is enhanced upon vimentin downregulation. As a proof of principle, the compromised invasive potential of vimentin depleted cells could be rescued upon blocking with β4 integrin adhesion-blocking (ASC-8) antibody or downregulation of β4 integrin in vimentin knockdown background. Interestingly, plectin which associates with α6β4 integrin in the hemidesmosomes, was also found to be upregulated in vimentin knockdown clones. Furthermore, experiments on lysosome and proteasome inhibition revealed that perhaps vimentin regulates the turnover of β4 integrin and plectin. Moreover, an inverse association was observed between vimentin expression and β4 integrin in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Collectively, our results show a novel role of vimentin in modulating cell motility by destabilizing β4 integrin-mediated adhesive interactions. Further, vimentin-β4 integrin together may prove to be useful markers for prognostication of human oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crismita Dmello
- Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Sharada Sawant
- Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Hunain Alam
- Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Prakash Gangadaran
- Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Richa Tiwari
- Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Harsh Dongre
- Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Neha Rana
- Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Sai Barve
- Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Daniela Elena Costea
- Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway; Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Davendra Chaukar
- Surgical Oncology, Head and Neck Unit, Tata Memorial Hospital (TMH), Parel, Mumbai, India
| | - Shubhada Kane
- Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Hospital (TMH), Parel, Mumbai, India
| | - Harish Pant
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Milind Vaidya
- Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India.
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Palve V, Mallick S, Ghaisas G, Kannan S, Teni T. Overexpression of Mcl-1L splice variant is associated with poor prognosis and chemoresistance in oral cancers. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111927. [PMID: 25409302 PMCID: PMC4237324 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Altered expression of Mcl-1, an anti-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family, has been linked to the progression and outcome of a variety of malignancies. We have previously reported the overexpression of Mcl-1 protein in human oral cancers. The present study aimed to evaluate the clinicopathological significance of the expression of three known Mcl-1 isoforms in oral tumors and the effect of targeting Mcl-1L isoform on chemosensitivity of oral cancer cells. Methods The expression of Mcl-1 isoforms- Mcl-1L, Mcl-1S & Mcl-1ES was analyzed in 130 paired oral tumors and 9 oral cell lines using quantitative real-time PCR & protein by western blotting. The Mcl-1 mRNA levels were correlated with clinicopathological parameters and outcome of oral cancer patients. The effect of Mcl-1L shRNA or Obatoclax (a small molecule Mcl-1 inhibitor), in combination with Cisplatin on chemosensitivity of oral cancer cells was also assessed. Results Anti-apoptotic Mcl-1L was predominantly expressed, over low or undetectable pro-apoptotic Mcl-1S and Mcl-1ES isoforms. The Mcl-1L transcripts were significantly overexpressed in all cancer cell lines and in 64% oral tumors versus adjacent normals (P<0.02). In oral cancer patients, high Mcl-1L expression was significantly associated with node positivity (P = 0.021), advanced tumor size (P = 0.013) and poor overall survival (P = 0.002). Multivariate analysis indicated Mcl-1L to be an independent prognostic factor for oral cancers (P = 0.037). Mcl-1L shRNA knockdown or its inhibition by Obatoclax in combination with Cisplatin synergistically reduced viability and growth of oral cancer cells than either treatment alone. Conclusion Our studies suggest that overexpression of Mcl-1L is associated with poor prognosis and chemoresistance in oral cancers. Mcl-1L is an independent prognostic factor and a potential therapeutic target in oral cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinayak Palve
- Teni Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai-410210, India
| | - Sanchita Mallick
- Teni Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai-410210, India
| | - Gauri Ghaisas
- Teni Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai-410210, India
| | - Sadhana Kannan
- Epidemiology and Clinical Trial Unit (ECTU), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai-410210, India
| | - Tanuja Teni
- Teni Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai-410210, India
- * E-mail:
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Kero D, Kalibovic Govorko D, Vukojevic K, Cubela M, Soljic V, Saraga-Babic M. Expression of cytokeratin 8, vimentin, syndecan-1 and Ki-67 during human tooth development. J Mol Histol 2014; 45:627-40. [PMID: 25120060 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-014-9592-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Spatio-temporal immunolocalizations of cytokeratin 8 (CK8), vimentin, syndecan-1 and Ki-67 were analyzed in ten human incisors and canine tooth germs between the 7th and 20th developmental weeks. CK8 expression was mild to moderate in the epithelial tooth parts, while it shifted from absent or mild in its mesenchymal parts, but few cells, sparsely distributed throughout the tooth germ, strongly expressed CK8. As development progressed, CK8 expression increased to strong in preameloblasts, while expression of vimentin increased to moderate in the epithelial and mesenchymal tooth parts, particularly in the dental papilla and sac. Co-expression of CK8 and vimentin was observed in some parts of the tooth germ, and was increasing in the differentiating preameloblasts and preodontoblasts. Syndecan-1 showed characteristic shift of expression from epithelial to mesenchymal tooth parts, being particularly strong in dental papilla, sac and cervical loops, while co-expression of Ki-67/syndecan-1 was strong in the dental papilla. Our study demonstrated spatio-temporal expression and restricted co-expression of the investigated markers, indicating participation of CK8 and vimentin in cell proliferation and migration, and differentiation of preodontoblasts and preameloblasts. Our data also suggest involvement of syndecan-1 in morphogenesis of the developing tooth crown and cervical loops, and together with CK8 and vimentin in differentiation of preameloblasts and preodontoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kero
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Split, Soltanska 2, 21000, Split, Croatia
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28
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Chung BM, Rotty JD, Coulombe PA. Networking galore: intermediate filaments and cell migration. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2013; 25:600-12. [PMID: 23886476 PMCID: PMC3780586 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2013.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Intermediate filaments (IFs) are assembled from a diverse group of evolutionarily conserved proteins and are specified in a tissue-dependent, cell type-dependent, and context-dependent fashion in the body. IFs are involved in multiple cellular processes that are crucial for the maintenance of cell and tissue integrity and the response and adaptation to various stresses, as conveyed by the broad array of crippling clinical disorders caused by inherited mutations in IF coding sequences. Accordingly, the expression, assembly, and organization of IFs are tightly regulated. Migration is a fitting example of a cell-based phenomenon in which IFs participate as both effectors and regulators. With a particular focus on vimentin and keratin, we here review how the contributions of IFs to the cell's mechanical properties, to cytoarchitecture and adhesion, and to regulatory pathways collectively exert a significant impact on cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Min Chung
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeremy D. Rotty
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pierre A. Coulombe
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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29
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Downregulation of keratin 76 expression during oral carcinogenesis of human, hamster and mouse. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70688. [PMID: 23936238 PMCID: PMC3728316 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Keratins are structural marker proteins with tissue specific expression; however, recent reports indicate their involvement in cancer progression. Previous study from our lab revealed deregulation of many genes related to structural molecular integrity including KRT76. Here we evaluate the role of KRT76 downregulation in oral precancer and cancer development. Methods We evaluated KRT76 expression by qRT-PCR in normal and tumor tissues of the oral cavity. We also analyzed K76 expression by immunohistochemistry in normal, oral precancerous lesion (OPL), oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and in hamster model of oral carcinogenesis. Further, functional implication of KRT76 loss was confirmed using KRT76-knockout (KO) mice. Results We observed a strong association of reduced K76 expression with increased risk of OPL and OSCC development. The buccal epithelium of DMBA treated hamsters showed a similar trend. Oral cavity of KRT76-KO mice showed preneoplastic changes in the gingivobuccal epithelium while no pathological changes were observed in KRT76 negative tissues such as tongue. Conclusion The present study demonstrates loss of KRT76 in oral carcinogenesis. The KRT76-KO mice data underlines the potential of KRT76 being an early event although this loss is not sufficient to drive the development of oral cancers. Thus, future studies to investigate the contributing role of KRT76 in light of other tumor driving events are warranted.
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30
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Sawant SS, Vaidya MM, Chaukar DA, Alam H, Dmello C, Gangadaran P, Kannan S, Kane S, Dange PP, Dey N, Ranganathan K, D'Cruz AK. Clinical significance of aberrant vimentin expression in oral premalignant lesions and carcinomas. Oral Dis 2013; 20:453-65. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- SS Sawant
- Tata Memorial Centre Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC) Kharghar Navi Mumbai India
| | - MM Vaidya
- Tata Memorial Centre Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC) Kharghar Navi Mumbai India
| | - DA Chaukar
- Oral Surgery, Head and Neck Unit Tata Memorial Hospital (TMH) Parel Mumbai India
| | - H Alam
- Tata Memorial Centre Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC) Kharghar Navi Mumbai India
| | - C Dmello
- Tata Memorial Centre Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC) Kharghar Navi Mumbai India
| | - P Gangadaran
- Tata Memorial Centre Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC) Kharghar Navi Mumbai India
| | - S Kannan
- Tata Memorial Centre Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC) Kharghar Navi Mumbai India
| | - S Kane
- Pathology Department Tata Memorial Hospital (TMH) Parel Mumbai India
| | - PP Dange
- Tata Memorial Centre Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC) Kharghar Navi Mumbai India
| | - N Dey
- Tata Memorial Centre Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC) Kharghar Navi Mumbai India
| | - K Ranganathan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Ragas Dental College and Hospital Chennai India
| | - AK D'Cruz
- Oral Surgery, Head and Neck Unit Tata Memorial Hospital (TMH) Parel Mumbai India
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31
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Iyer SV, Dange PP, Alam H, Sawant SS, Ingle AD, Borges AM, Shirsat NV, Dalal SN, Vaidya MM. Understanding the role of keratins 8 and 18 in neoplastic potential of breast cancer derived cell lines. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53532. [PMID: 23341946 PMCID: PMC3546083 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is a complex disease which cannot be defined merely by clinical parameters like lymph node involvement and histological grade, or by routinely used biomarkers like estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PGR) and epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in diagnosis and prognosis. Breast cancer originates from the epithelial cells. Keratins (K) are cytoplasmic intermediate filament proteins of epithelial cells and changes in the expression pattern of keratins have been seen during malignant transformation in the breast. Expression of the K8/18 pair is seen in the luminal cells of the breast epithelium, and its role in prognostication of breast cancer is not well understood. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study, we have modulated K8 expression to understand the role of the K8/18 pair in three different breast epithelium derived cell lines: non-transformed MCF10A, transformed but poorly invasive MDA MB 468 and highly invasive MDA MB 435. The up-regulation of K8 in the invasive MDA MB 435 cell line resulted in a significant decrease in proliferation, motility, in-vitro invasion, tumor volume and lung metastasis. The down-regulation of K8 in MDA MB 468 resulted in a significant increase in transformation potential, motility and invasion in-vitro, while MCF10A did not show any changes in cell transformation assays. Conclusions/Significance These results indicate the role of K8/18 in modulating invasion in breast cancer -its presence correlating with less invasive phenotype and absence correlating with highly invasive, dedifferentiated phenotype. These data may have important implications for prognostication of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna V. Iyer
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Prerana P. Dange
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Hunain Alam
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Sharada S. Sawant
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Arvind D. Ingle
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Anita M. Borges
- Department of Histopathology, Asian Institute of Oncology, S.L. Raheja Hospital, Mahim, Mumbai, India
| | - Neelam V. Shirsat
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Sorab N. Dalal
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Milind M. Vaidya
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
- * E-mail:
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32
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Iyer SV, Dange PP, Alam H, Sawant SS, Ingle AD, Borges AM, Shirsat NV, Dalal SN, Vaidya MM. Understanding the role of keratins 8 and 18 in neoplastic potential of breast cancer derived cell lines. PLoS One 2013. [PMID: 23341946 DOI: 10.137/journal.pone.0053532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is a complex disease which cannot be defined merely by clinical parameters like lymph node involvement and histological grade, or by routinely used biomarkers like estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PGR) and epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in diagnosis and prognosis. Breast cancer originates from the epithelial cells. Keratins (K) are cytoplasmic intermediate filament proteins of epithelial cells and changes in the expression pattern of keratins have been seen during malignant transformation in the breast. Expression of the K8/18 pair is seen in the luminal cells of the breast epithelium, and its role in prognostication of breast cancer is not well understood. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study, we have modulated K8 expression to understand the role of the K8/18 pair in three different breast epithelium derived cell lines: non-transformed MCF10A, transformed but poorly invasive MDA MB 468 and highly invasive MDA MB 435. The up-regulation of K8 in the invasive MDA MB 435 cell line resulted in a significant decrease in proliferation, motility, in-vitro invasion, tumor volume and lung metastasis. The down-regulation of K8 in MDA MB 468 resulted in a significant increase in transformation potential, motility and invasion in-vitro, while MCF10A did not show any changes in cell transformation assays. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE These results indicate the role of K8/18 in modulating invasion in breast cancer -its presence correlating with less invasive phenotype and absence correlating with highly invasive, dedifferentiated phenotype. These data may have important implications for prognostication of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna V Iyer
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
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Kanojia D, Sawant SS, Borges AM, Ingle AD, Vaidya MM. Alterations in keratins and associated proteins during 4- Nitroquinoline-1-oxide induced rat oral carcinogenesis. J Carcinog 2012; 11:14. [PMID: 23233820 PMCID: PMC3516248 DOI: 10.4103/1477-3163.100861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the sixth largest group of malignancies globally and the single largest group of malignancies in the Indian subcontinent. Despite the advances in treatment and therapeutic modalities the five year survival rate of OSCC has not changed in the last few decades, and remains less than 40%. Several studies have focused on defining molecular markers that can either detect cancer at an early stage or can predict patient's outcome. However, such markers are still undefined. Keratins (K) are epithelia predominant intermediate filament proteins which are expressed in a differentiation dependent and site specific manner. Keratins are being used as biomarkers in different epithelial disorders including cancer. They are associated with desmoplakin and α6β4 integrin which are components of desmosomes and hemidesmosomes respectively. Materials and Methods: 4-Nitroquinoline 1-Oxide (4NQO) was used as a carcinogen for the development of various stages of oral carcinogenesis in rat lingual mucosa. Two-Dimentional gel electrophoresis was performed for the separation of Keratins followed by western blotting for their specific identification. Western blotting and RT PCR was carried out for desmoplakin and α6β4 integrin respectively to understand their levels. Immunohistochemical analysis was carried out to further study the localization of desmoplakin and α6 integrin. Results: In this study we have analysed the alterations in Keratins and associated proteins during sequential stages of 4NQO induced rat oral carcinogenesis. Our results showed that the alterations primarily begin after the dysplastic changes in the lingual epithelium like the elevation of Keratins 5/6a, ectopic expression of Keratin 8, increase in suprabasal expression of α6 integrin and increase in desmoplakin levels. Most of these alterations persisted till the development of SCC except desmoplakin, the levels of which were downregulated in papillomatous lesions and SCC. Many of these alterations have also been documented in human oral carcinogensis. Conclusion: Thus, 4NQO model of rat lingual carcinogenesis reproduces majority of the changes that are seen in human oral carcinogenesis and it can be exploited for the development of biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kanojia
- Department of Biological Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
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Kale AD, Mane DR, Babji D, Gupta K. Establishment of field change by expression of cytokeratins 8/18, 19, and MMP-9 in an apparently normal oral mucosa adjacent to squamous cell carcinoma: A immunohistochemical study. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2012; 16:10-5. [PMID: 22438638 PMCID: PMC3303499 DOI: 10.4103/0973-029x.92966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Squamous cell carcinoma is the most frequent malignancy of the oral cavity. The survival rate of this malignancy has not improved from past two decades. The major factors responsible for this could be due to loco regional and distant metastatic spread. However, the other important prognostic factor is concomitant occurrence and recurrence of multiple primary carcinomas in the head and neck region, which is explained as the concept of field cancerization. The evidence to support the field change in normal mucosa of Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) through biological markers using immunohistochemistry has always been challenging. Aim: Hence, the aim of the present research is to identify changes in the expression of CK 8/18, 19, and MMP-9 to visualize field changes in the clinically normal mucosa adjacent to OSCC and compare with non neoplastic normal oral mucosa. Materials and Methods: 20 cases of OSCC with radical resection specimens were included in the study. Lesional tissue and adjacent normal looking mucosa were taken during grossing. Ten cases of non-neoplastic normal oral mucosa are also included in the study. Markers such as CK 8/18, CK 19, and MMP-9 are used by the immunohistochemical method in this present study. Result and Conclusion: The enhance expression of CK 8/18 (80%), CK 19 (70%), and MMP 9 (90%) in ANM was noted and furthermore in six ANM showing severe dysplasia with enhance expression of CK 8/18, CK 19, and MMP 9 in the apparently normal oral mucosa can suggest a field cancerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka D Kale
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, KLE VK Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Belgaum, Karnataka, India
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Palve VC, Teni TR. Association of anti-apoptotic Mcl-1L isoform expression with radioresistance of oral squamous carcinoma cells. Radiat Oncol 2012; 7:135. [PMID: 22873792 PMCID: PMC3487741 DOI: 10.1186/1748-717x-7-135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oral cancer is a common cancer and a major health problem in the Indian subcontinent. At our laboratory Mcl-1, an anti-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family has been demonstrated to be overexpressed in oral cancers and to predict outcome in oral cancer patients treated with definitive radiotherapy. To study the role of Mcl-1 isoforms in radiation response of oral squamous carcinoma cells (OSCC), we investigated in the present study, the association of Mcl-1 isoform expression with radiosensitivity of OSCC, using siRNA strategy. Methods The time course expression of Mcl-1 splice variants (Mcl-1L, Mcl-1S & Mcl-1ES) was studied by RT-PCR, western blotting & immunofluorescence, post-irradiation in oral cell lines [immortalized FBM (radiosensitive) and tongue cancer AW8507 & AW13516 (radioresistant)]of relatively differing radiosensitivities. The effect of Mcl-1L knockdown alone or in combination with ionizing radiation (IR) on cell proliferation, apoptosis & clonogenic survival, was investigated in AW8507 & AW13516 cells. Further the expression of Mcl-1L protein was assessed in radioresistant sublines generated by fractionated ionizing radiation (FIR). Results Three to six fold higher expression of anti-apoptotic Mcl-1L versus pro-apoptotic Mcl-1S was observed at mRNA & protein levels in all cell lines, post-irradiation. Sustained high levels of Mcl-1L, downregulation of pro-apoptotic Bax & Bak and a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in apoptosis was observed in the more radioresistant AW8507, AW13516 versus FBM cells, post-IR. The ratios of anti to pro-apoptotic proteins were high in AW8507 as compared to FBM. Treatment with Mcl-1L siRNA alone or in combination with IR significantly (P < 0.01) increased apoptosis viz. 17.3% (IR), 25.3% (siRNA) and 46.3% (IR plus siRNA) and upregulated pro-apoptotic Bax levels in AW8507 cells. Combination of siRNA & IR treatment significantly (P < 0.05) reduced cell proliferation and clonogenic survival of radioresistant AW8507 & AW13516 cells, suggesting a synergistic effect of the Mcl-1L siRNA with IR on radiosensitivity. Interestingly, during the development of radioresistant sublines using FIR, high expression of Mcl-1L was observed. Conclusion Our studies suggest that Mcl-1L isoform has an important role in the survival and radioresistance of OSCC and may be a promising therapeutic target in oral cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinayak C Palve
- Teni Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India
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Khapare N, Kundu ST, Sehgal L, Sawant M, Priya R, Gosavi P, Gupta N, Alam H, Karkhanis M, Naik N, Vaidya MM, Dalal SN. Plakophilin3 loss leads to an increase in PRL3 levels promoting K8 dephosphorylation, which is required for transformation and metastasis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38561. [PMID: 22701666 PMCID: PMC3368841 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The desmosome anchors keratin filaments in epithelial cells leading to the formation of a tissue wide IF network. Loss of the desmosomal plaque protein plakophilin3 (PKP3) in HCT116 cells, leads to an increase in neoplastic progression and metastasis, which was accompanied by an increase in K8 levels. The increase in levels was due to an increase in the protein levels of the Phosphatase of Regenerating Liver 3 (PRL3), which results in a decrease in phosphorylation on K8. The increase in PRL3 and K8 protein levels could be reversed by introduction of an shRNA resistant PKP3 cDNA. Inhibition of K8 expression in the PKP3 knockdown clone S10, led to a decrease in cell migration and lamellipodia formation. Further, the K8 PKP3 double knockdown clones showed a decrease in colony formation in soft agar and decreased tumorigenesis and metastasis in nude mice. These results suggest that a stabilisation of K8 filaments leading to an increase in migration and transformation may be one mechanism by which PKP3 loss leads to tumor progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nileema Khapare
- KS215, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar Node, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Samrat T. Kundu
- KS215, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar Node, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Lalit Sehgal
- KS215, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar Node, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mugdha Sawant
- KS215, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar Node, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rashmi Priya
- KS215, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar Node, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prajakta Gosavi
- KS215, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar Node, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Neha Gupta
- KS215, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar Node, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Hunain Alam
- KS215, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar Node, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Madhura Karkhanis
- Pharmacology Department, Piramal Life Sciences Ltd., Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nishigandha Naik
- Pharmacology Department, Piramal Life Sciences Ltd., Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Milind M. Vaidya
- KS215, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar Node, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sorab N. Dalal
- KS215, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar Node, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Fulzele A, Malgundkar SA, Govekar RB, D'Cruz AK, Chaturvedi P, Patil A, Kane SV, Zingde SM. Keratins in oral cancer: necessity of mass spectrometry for validation of antibody based identifications. J Proteomics 2012; 75:2404-16. [PMID: 22387131 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Revised: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Keratins are intermediate filament family proteins which are predominantly expressed in the epithelial cells. Most of the studies which evaluate the status of keratins in clinical samples of the oral cavity are based on the identification of their presence and localization by immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies. It is very well known that many monoclonal/polyclonal antibodies show cross-reactivity with the other closely related or non-related proteins. This cross-reactivity might be the result of epitope similarity, but it is not always necessary. Therefore studies done with only antibody based techniques can mislead interpretation unless they are validated with additional techniques like mass-spectrometry. In this investigation we have evaluated the status of keratin 18 in cancer of buccal mucosa using 1DE, 2DE and western blotting with monoclonal antibody to keratin 18. The patterns emerging showed aberrant as well as differential expression of K18 in adjacent normal versus tumor tissue samples of buccal mucosa. Mass spectrometry analysis of the immunodetected spots however revealed that it is keratin 13. Thus this study emphasizes the necessity of validation of antibody based findings when dealing with proteins of a large family having similarity/homology in amino acid sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Fulzele
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Kharghar, Navi-Mumbai, 410210, India
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Prostate Cancer Cell Surface-Associated Keratin 8 and Its Implications for Enhanced Plasmin Activity. Protein J 2012; 31:195-205. [DOI: 10.1007/s10930-011-9388-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Arentz G, Chataway T, Condina MR, Price TJ, Hoffmann P, Hardingham JE. Increased Phospho-Keratin 8 Isoforms in Colorectal Tumors Associated with EGFR Pathway Activation and Reduced Apoptosis. ISRN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 2012:706545. [PMID: 27398237 PMCID: PMC4908239 DOI: 10.5402/2012/706545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hyperphosphorylated keratin (K) 8 acts as a phosphate “sponge” for stress-activated protein kinases thereby inhibiting pro-apoptotic molecules and thus apoptosis. MAP kinase/ERK1 has increased activity in colorectal cancer (CRC) and is known to phosphorylate K8. The aims were to identify the K8 isoforms abundantly present in colon tumors, using 2D difference gel electrophoresis (DIGE), to identify the modifications using mass spectrometry, and to validate the differential abundance of these isoforms in tumors relative to matched normal mucosae. 2D DIGE showed 3 isoforms of K8 significantly increased in tumor ≥2-fold in 6/8 pairs. Metal oxide affinity chromatography mass spectrometry and bioinformatics were used to identify phosphorylated serine residues. Levels of PS24, PS432, and PS74 by western blotting were found to be significantly increased in tumor versus matched normal. Blocking of EGFR signaling in Caco2 cells showed a significant decrease (P < 0.0001) in K8 PS74 and PS432 levels by 59% and 66%, respectively, resulting in increased apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Arentz
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, SA 5011, Australia; Physiology Department, School of Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Tim Chataway
- Flinders Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Human Physiology, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Mark R Condina
- Adelaide Proteomics Centre, School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Timothy J Price
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, SA 5011, Australia
| | - Peter Hoffmann
- Adelaide Proteomics Centre, School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Jennifer E Hardingham
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, SA 5011, Australia; Physiology Department, School of Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
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Alam H, Bhate AV, Gangadaran P, Sawant SS, Salot S, Sehgal L, Dange PP, Chaukar DA, D'cruz AK, Kannanl S, Gude R, Kane S, Dalal SN, Vaidya MM. Fascin overexpression promotes neoplastic progression in oral squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:32. [PMID: 22264292 PMCID: PMC3329405 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fascin is a globular actin cross-linking protein, which plays a major role in forming parallel actin bundles in cell protrusions and is found to be associated with tumor cell invasion and metastasis in various type of cancers including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Previously, we have demonstrated that fascin regulates actin polymerization and thereby promotes cell motility in K8-depleted OSCC cells. In the present study we have investigated the role of fascin in tumor progression of OSCC. Methods To understand the role of fascin in OSCC development and/or progression, fascin was overexpressed along with vector control in OSCC derived cells AW13516. The phenotype was studied using wound healing, Boyden chamber, cell adhesion, Hanging drop, soft agar and tumorigenicity assays. Further, fascin expression was examined in human OSCC samples (N = 131) using immunohistochemistry and level of its expression was correlated with clinico-pathological parameters of the patients. Results Fascin overexpression in OSCC derived cells led to significant increase in cell migration, cell invasion and MMP-2 activity. In addition these cells demonstrated increased levels of phosphorylated AKT, ERK1/2 and JNK1/2. Our in vitro results were consistent with correlative studies of fascin expression with the clinico-pathological parameters of the OSCC patients. Fascin expression in OSCC showed statistically significant correlation with increased tumor stage (P = 0.041), increased lymph node metastasis (P = 0.001), less differentiation (P = 0.005), increased recurrence (P = 0.038) and shorter survival (P = 0.004) of the patients. Conclusion In conclusion, our results indicate that fascin promotes tumor progression and activates AKT and MAPK pathways in OSCC-derived cells. Further, our correlative studies of fascin expression in OSCC with clinico-pathological parameters of the patients indicate that fascin may prove to be useful in prognostication and treatment of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunain Alam
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer Tata Memorial Centre (ACTREC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
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Alam H, Gangadaran P, Bhate AV, Chaukar DA, Sawant SS, Tiwari R, Bobade J, Kannan S, D'cruz AK, Kane S, Vaidya MM. Loss of keratin 8 phosphorylation leads to increased tumor progression and correlates with clinico-pathological parameters of OSCC patients. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27767. [PMID: 22114688 PMCID: PMC3219681 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Keratins are cytoplasmic intermediate filament proteins expressed in tissue specific and differentiation dependent manner. Keratins 8 and 18 (K8 and K18) are predominantly expressed in simple epithelial tissues and perform both mechanical and regulatory functions. Aberrant expression of K8 and K18 is associated with neoplastic progression, invasion and poor prognosis in human oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs). K8 and K18 undergo several post-translational modifications including phosphorylation, which are known to regulate their functions in various cellular processes. Although, K8 and K18 phosphorylation is known to regulate cell cycle, cell growth and apoptosis, its significance in cell migration and/or neoplastic progression is largely unknown. In the present study we have investigated the role of K8 phosphorylation in cell migration and/or neoplastic progression in OSCC. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS To understand the role of K8 phosphorylation in neoplastic progression of OSCC, shRNA-resistant K8 phospho-mutants of Ser73 and Ser431 were overexpressed in K8-knockdown human AW13516 cells (derived from SCC of tongue; generated previously). Wound healing assays and tumor growth in NOD-SCID mice were performed to analyze the cell motility and tumorigenicity respectively in overexpressed clones. The overexpressed K8 phospho-mutants clones showed significant increase in cell migration and tumorigenicity as compared with K8 wild type clones. Furthermore, loss of K8 Ser73 and Ser431 phosphorylation was also observed in human OSCC tissues analyzed by immunohistochemistry, where their dephosphorylation significantly correlated with size, lymph node metastasis and stage of the tumor. CONCLUSION AND SIGNIFICANCE Our results provide first evidence of a potential role of K8 phosphorylation in cell migration and/or tumorigenicity in OSCC. Moreover, correlation studies of K8 dephosphorylation with clinico-pathological parameters of OSCC patients also suggest its possible use in prognostication of human OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunain Alam
- Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Prakash Gangadaran
- Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Amruta V. Bhate
- Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Devendra A. Chaukar
- Surgical Oncology, Head and Neck Unit, Tata Memorial Hospital (TMH), Parel, Mumbai, India
| | - Sharada S. Sawant
- Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
- Surgical Oncology, Head and Neck Unit, Tata Memorial Hospital (TMH), Parel, Mumbai, India
- Epidemiology and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Research Centre (CRC), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
- Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Hospital (TMH), Parel, Mumbai, India
| | - Richa Tiwari
- Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Jyoti Bobade
- Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Sadhana Kannan
- Epidemiology and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Research Centre (CRC), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Anil K. D'cruz
- Surgical Oncology, Head and Neck Unit, Tata Memorial Hospital (TMH), Parel, Mumbai, India
| | - Shubhada Kane
- Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Hospital (TMH), Parel, Mumbai, India
| | - Milind M. Vaidya
- Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
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Yoon HJ, Jo BC, Shin WJ, Cho YA, Lee JI, Hong SP, Hong SD. Comparative immunohistochemical study of ameloblastoma and ameloblastic carcinoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 112:767-76. [PMID: 22014999 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2011.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2011] [Revised: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ameloblastic carcinoma combines the histologic features of ameloblastoma with cytologic atypia, regardless of whether it has metastasized. Because of its rarity, there are few immunoprofile studies of ameloblastic carcinoma and few comparative studies of ameloblastic carcinoma and ameloblastoma. In this study, we compared the expression levels of cytokeratins (CKs), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and Ki-67 between ameloblastoma and ameloblastic carcinoma, and assessed the usefulness of these markers for differentiating the tumors. STUDY DESIGN We assessed CK7, CK14, CK18, CK19, MMP-2, MMP-9, and Ki-67 expression by immunohistochemistry in 10 cases of ameloblastoma and 7 cases of ameloblastic carcinoma and then compared expression patterns between the 2 groups. RESULTS Immunostaining for CK14 and CK19 was diffuse and strongly positive in both tumor types, but staining for CK7 was focally positive in only 1 case of ameloblastoma and absent in all cases of ameloblastic carcinoma. However, there was a significant difference in CK18 expression between the 2 tumors (P = .000). Whereas 80% of ameloblastomas showed negative reactivity for CK18, most cases of ameloblastic carcinomas showed a moderate to strong intensity of immunostaining for CK18. Regarding the expression of MMPs, there were significant differences in parenchymal MMP-2 and stromal MMP-9 expression between the 2 tumors. Compared to ameloblastoma, ameloblastic carcinoma showed significantly strong expression of MMP-2 in parenchymal cells (P = .001) and MMP-9 in stromal cells (P = .013). However, there were no differences in MMP-2 expression of stromal cells and MMP-9 expression of parenchymal cells between ameloblastoma and ameloblastic carcinoma. The mean Ki-67 labeling index (LI) of ameloblastic carcinomas was 17.21%, which was significantly higher than that of ameloblastomas (3.57%; P = .002). CONCLUSIONS The significant expression of CK18, parenchymal MMP-2, stromal MMP-9, and Ki-67 could provide useful markers for differentiating ameloblastic carcinoma from ameloblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jung Yoon
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Alam H, Sehgal L, Kundu ST, Dalal SN, Vaidya MM. Novel function of keratins 5 and 14 in proliferation and differentiation of stratified epithelial cells. Mol Biol Cell 2011; 22:4068-78. [PMID: 21900500 PMCID: PMC3204069 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e10-08-0703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratin expression in stratified epithelia is tightly regulated during squamous cell differentiation. Keratins 5 and 14 are expressed in mitotically active basal layer cells, but their function is not well defined. Reported here is the possible role of K14 in regulation of cell proliferation/differentiation in stratified epithelial cells. Keratins are cytoplasmic intermediate filament proteins preferentially expressed by epithelial tissues in a site-specific and differentiation-dependent manner. The complex network of keratin filaments in stratified epithelia is tightly regulated during squamous cell differentiation. Keratin 14 (K14) is expressed in mitotically active basal layer cells, along with its partner keratin 5 (K5), and their expression is down-regulated as cells differentiate. Apart from the cytoprotective functions of K14, very little is known about K14 regulatory functions, since the K14 knockout mice show postnatal lethality. In this study, K14 expression was inhibited using RNA interference in cell lines derived from stratified epithelia to study the K14 functions in epithelial homeostasis. The K14 knockdown clones demonstrated substantial decreases in the levels of the K14 partner K5. These cells showed reduction in cell proliferation and delay in cell cycle progression, along with decreased phosphorylated Akt levels. K14 knockdown cells also exhibited enhanced levels of activated Notch1, involucrin, and K1. In addition, K14 knockdown AW13516 cells showed significant reduction in tumorigenicity. Our results suggest that K5 and K14 may have a role in maintenance of cell proliferation potential in the basal layer of stratified epithelia, modulating phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt–mediated cell proliferation and/or Notch1-dependent cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunain Alam
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
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Sattayakhom A, Ittiwat W, Stremmel W, Chamulitrat W. Redox regulation of cytokeratin 18 protein by NADPH oxidase 1 in preneoplastic human epithelial cells. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2011; 137:1669-78. [PMID: 21877197 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-011-1041-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A catalytic subunit of NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1) is implicated to be involved in neoplastic progression in human epithelial cancers. We had previously demonstrated that Nox1 overexpression of immortalized epithelial cells was able to induce the generation of progenitor cells that expressed fetal-type cytokeratins 8 and 18. PURPOSE We aimed to investigate the direct effects and underlying mechanisms of Nox1 on expression of cytokeratin 18 (CK18). METHODS Immortalized human epithelial GM16 cells with low CK18 were used in Nox1 overexpression experiments. NuB2 cells with high CK18 were used in Nox1 knockdown experiments. Protein expression of CK18, phosphorylated and ubiquitinated CK18 were analyzed by Western blot. RESULTS With no effects on the mRNA levels, CK18 protein was increased upon Nox1 overexpression and decreased upon Nox1 knockdown. Treatment with proteasome inhibitor MG132 prevented CK18 degradation and increased CK18 protein indicating translational regulation of CK18. Treatment for NuB2 cells with N-acetyl-L: -cysteine, diphenyleneiodonium, or apocynin decreased CK18 protein levels indicating its regulation involving reactive oxygen species and flavoprotein Nox. It has been known that phosphorylation of CK18 regulates CK18 turnover by ubiquination. Consistently, Nox1 modulated CK18 phosphorylation at ser52. Nox1 knockdown and treatment with diphenyleneiodonium accumulated the levels of ubiquinated CK18 enhancing degradation causing decreased CK18 protein. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that Nox1 was able to induce CK18 stabilization by inhibiting CK18 protein degradation in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. CK18 accumulation induced by Nox1 is consistent with the persistence of fetal-type CK18 protein in many epithelial carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apsorn Sattayakhom
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology and Infectious Disease), University Heidelberg Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Nanda KDS, Ranganathan K, Devi U, Joshua E. Increased expression of CK8 and CK18 in leukoplakia, oral submucous fibrosis, and oral squamous cell carcinoma: an immunohistochemistry study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2011; 113:245-53. [PMID: 22677743 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2011.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Revised: 05/14/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) may be preceded by potentially malignant disorders such as leukoplakia and oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) and has a greater than normal risk of malignant transformation. Very little is known of cytokeratin (CK) alterations in OSF, leukoplakia, and OSCC. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the expression of CK8 and CK18 in normal oral mucosa, oral epithelial dysplasia, OSF, and OSCC by immunohistochemistry. STUDY DESIGN Paraffin-embedded normal (n = 10), dysplasia (n = 10), OSF (n = 10), and OSCC (n = 10) tissues were stained with CK8 and CK18 by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Increased expression of CK8 and CK18 was seen in dysplasia, OSF, and OSCC. Staining pattern and intensity showed variations, with intensity of staining in basal and suprabasal layers for CK8 and CK18. CONCLUSIONS Intensity of staining in the basal layer for CK18 was statistical significant, suggesting CK8 and CK18 as surrogate markers of malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanwar Deep Singh Nanda
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, SGT Dental College and Hospital, Haryana, India.
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Alam H, Kundu ST, Dalal SN, Vaidya MM. Loss of keratins 8 and 18 leads to alterations in α6β4-integrin-mediated signalling and decreased neoplastic progression in an oral-tumour-derived cell line. J Cell Sci 2011; 124:2096-106. [PMID: 21610092 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.073585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratins 8 and 18 (K8 and K18) are predominantly expressed in simple epithelial tissues and perform both mechanical and regulatory functions. Aberrant expression of K8 and K18 is associated with neoplastic progression and invasion in squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). To understand the molecular basis by which K8 promotes neoplastic progression in oral SCC (OSCC), K8 expression was inhibited in AW13516 cells. The K8-knockdown clones showed a significant reduction in tumorigenic potential, which was accompanied by a reduction in cell motility, cell invasion, decreased fascin levels, alterations in the organization of the actin cytoskeleton and changes in cell shape. Furthermore, K8 knockdown led to a decrease in α6β4 integrin levels and α6β4-integrin-dependent signalling events, which have been reported to play an important role in neoplastic progression in epithelial tissues. Therefore, modulation of α6β4 integrin signalling might be one of the mechanisms by which K8 and K18 promote malignant transformation and/or progression in OSCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunain Alam
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
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47
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Park SK, Jeon YM, Son BS, Youn HS, Lee MY. Proteomic analysis of the differentially expressed proteins by airborne nanoparticles. J Appl Toxicol 2011; 31:463-70. [PMID: 21491466 DOI: 10.1002/jat.1658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2010] [Accepted: 12/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Airborne nanoparticles with thermodynamic diameters less than 56 nm (PM(0.056)) were collected using a Moudi cascade impactor, and the differentially expressed proteins upon exposure to the airborne nanoparticles were identified in human bronchial epithelial cells. More than 600 protein spots were detected on the two-dimensional gel, and the identified 13 of these proteins showed notable changes. Nine were up-regulated and four were down-regulated following treatment with the airborne nanoparticles. Notably, malignant transformation-associated multiple forms of keratins, epigenetic regulation-related MBD1-containing chromatin associated factor 2, epithelial malignancy-related vimentin and exocytosis-related annexin A2 were changed upon exposure to airborne nanoparticle PM(0.056).
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Affiliation(s)
- Seul Ki Park
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, SoonChunHyang University, Asan, Chungnam, 336-600, Republic of Korea
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48
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Creekmore AL, Silkworth WT, Cimini D, Jensen RV, Roberts PC, Schmelz EM. Changes in gene expression and cellular architecture in an ovarian cancer progression model. PLoS One 2011; 6:e17676. [PMID: 21390237 PMCID: PMC3048403 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer deaths among women. Early stage disease often remains undetected due the lack of symptoms and reliable biomarkers. The identification of early genetic changes could provide insights into novel signaling pathways that may be exploited for early detection and treatment. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Mouse ovarian surface epithelial (MOSE) cells were used to identify stage-dependent changes in gene expression levels and signal transduction pathways by mouse whole genome microarray analyses and gene ontology. These cells have undergone spontaneous transformation in cell culture and transitioned from non-tumorigenic to intermediate and aggressive, malignant phenotypes. Significantly changed genes were overrepresented in a number of pathways, most notably the cytoskeleton functional category. Concurrent with gene expression changes, the cytoskeletal architecture became progressively disorganized, resulting in aberrant expression or subcellular distribution of key cytoskeletal regulatory proteins (focal adhesion kinase, α-actinin, and vinculin). The cytoskeletal disorganization was accompanied by altered patterns of serine and tyrosine phosphorylation as well as changed expression and subcellular localization of integral signaling intermediates APC and PKCβII. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our studies have identified genes that are aberrantly expressed during MOSE cell neoplastic progression. We show that early stage dysregulation of actin microfilaments is followed by progressive disorganization of microtubules and intermediate filaments at later stages. These stage-specific, step-wise changes provide further insights into the time and spatial sequence of events that lead to the fully transformed state since these changes are also observed in aggressive human ovarian cancer cell lines independent of their histological type. Moreover, our studies support a link between aberrant cytoskeleton organization and regulation of important downstream signaling events that may be involved in cancer progression. Thus, our MOSE-derived cell model represents a unique model for in depth mechanistic studies of ovarian cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L. Creekmore
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - William T. Silkworth
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Daniela Cimini
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Roderick V. Jensen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Paul C. Roberts
- Department of Biomedical Science and Pathobiology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail: (EMS); (PCR)
| | - Eva M. Schmelz
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail: (EMS); (PCR)
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49
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Prognostic value of tissue polypeptide antigen in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2011; 47:114-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2010.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2010] [Revised: 11/08/2010] [Accepted: 11/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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50
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Malonia SK, Sinha S, Lakshminarasimhan P, Singh K, Jalota-Badhwar A, Rampalli S, Kaul-Ghanekar R, Chattopadhyay S. Gene regulation by SMAR1: Role in cellular homeostasis and cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2010; 1815:1-12. [PMID: 20709157 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2010.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2010] [Revised: 08/04/2010] [Accepted: 08/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Changes in the composition of nuclear matrix associated proteins contribute to alterations in nuclear structure, one of the major phenotypes of malignant cancer cells. The malignancy-induced changes in this structure lead to alterations in chromatin folding, the fidelity of genome replication and gene expression programs. The nuclear matrix forms a scaffold upon which the chromatin is organized into periodic loop domains called matrix attachment regions (MAR) by binding to various MAR binding proteins (MARBPs). Aberrant expression of MARBPs modulates the chromatin organization and disrupt transcriptional network that leads to oncogenesis. Dysregulation of nuclear matrix associated MARBPs has been reported in different types of cancers. Some of these proteins have tumor specific expression and are therefore considered as promising diagnostic or prognostic markers in few cancers. SMAR1 (scaffold/matrix attachment region binding protein 1), is one such nuclear matrix associated protein whose expression is drastically reduced in higher grades of breast cancer. SMAR1 gene is located on human chromosome 16q24.3 locus, the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of which has been reported in several types of cancers. This review elaborates on the multiple roles of nuclear matrix associated protein SMAR1 in regulating various cellular target genes involved in cell growth, apoptosis and tumorigenesis.
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