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Zohud O, Lone IM, Nashef A, Iraqi FA. Towards system genetics analysis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma using the mouse model, cellular platform, and clinical human data. Animal Model Exp Med 2023; 6:537-558. [PMID: 38129938 PMCID: PMC10757216 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) is a leading global malignancy. Every year, More than 830 000 people are diagnosed with HNSCC globally, with more than 430 000 fatalities. HNSCC is a deadly diverse malignancy with many tumor locations and biological characteristics. It originates from the squamous epithelium of the oral cavity, oropharynx, nasopharynx, larynx, and hypopharynx. The most frequently impacted regions are the tongue and larynx. Previous investigations have demonstrated the critical role of host genetic susceptibility in the progression of HNSCC. Despite the advances in our knowledge, the improved survival rate of HNSCC patients over the last 40 years has been limited. Failure to identify the molecular origins of development of HNSCC and the genetic basis of the disease and its biological heterogeneity impedes the development of new therapeutic methods. These results indicate a need to identify more genetic factors underlying this complex disease, which can be better used in early detection and prevention strategies. The lack of reliable animal models to investigate the underlying molecular processes is one of the most significant barriers to understanding HNSCC tumors. In this report, we explore and discuss potential research prospects utilizing the Collaborative Cross mouse model and crossing it to mice carrying single or double knockout genes (e.g. Smad4 and P53 genes) to identify genetic factors affecting the development of this complex disease using genome-wide association studies, epigenetics, microRNA, long noncoding RNA, lncRNA, histone modifications, methylation, phosphorylation, and proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osayd Zohud
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel‐Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Iqbal M. Lone
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel‐Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Aysar Nashef
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryBaruch Padeh Medical CenterPoriyaIsrael
- Azrieli Faculty of MedicineBar‐Ilan UniversityRamat GanIsrael
| | - Fuad A. Iraqi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel‐Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
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Zaryouh H, De Pauw I, Baysal H, Melis J, Van den Bossche V, Hermans C, Lau HW, Lambrechts H, Merlin C, Corbet C, Peeters M, Vermorken JB, De Waele J, Lardon F, Wouters A. Establishment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma mouse models for cetuximab resistance and sensitivity. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2023; 6:709-728. [PMID: 38239393 PMCID: PMC10792481 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2023.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Aim: Acquired resistance to the targeted agent cetuximab poses a significant challenge in finding effective anti-cancer treatments for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). To accurately study novel combination treatments, suitable preclinical mouse models for cetuximab resistance are key yet currently limited. This study aimed to optimize an acquired cetuximab-resistant mouse model, with preservation of the innate immunity, ensuring intact antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) functionality. Methods: Cetuximab-sensitive and acquired-resistant HNSCC cell lines, generated in vitro, were subcutaneously engrafted in Rag2 knock-out (KO), BALB/c Nude and CB17 Scid mice with/without Matrigel or Geltrex. Once tumor growth was established, mice were intraperitoneally injected twice a week with cetuximab for a maximum of 3 weeks. In addition, immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the tumor and its microenvironment. Results: Despite several adjustments in cell number, cell lines and the addition of Matrigel, Rag2 KO and BALB/C Nude mice proved to be unsuitable for xenografting our HNSCC cell lines. Durable tumor growth of resistant SC263-R cells could be induced in CB17 Scid mice. However, these cells had lost their resistance phenotype in vivo. Immunohistochemistry revealed a high infiltration of macrophages in cetuximab-treated SC263-R tumors. FaDu-S and FaDu-R cells successfully engrafted into CB17 Scid mice and maintained their sensitivity/resistance to cetuximab. Conclusion: We have established in vivo HNSCC mouse models with intact ADCC functionality for cetuximab resistance and sensitivity using the FaDu-R and FaDu-S cell lines, respectively. These models serve as valuable tools for investigating cetuximab resistance mechanisms and exploring novel drug combination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Zaryouh
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - Ines De Pauw
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - Hasan Baysal
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - Jöran Melis
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - Valentin Van den Bossche
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), UCLouvain, Brussels B-1200, Belgium
- Institut Roi Albert II, Department of Medical Oncology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels B-1200, Belgium
| | - Christophe Hermans
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - Ho Wa Lau
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - Hilde Lambrechts
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - Céline Merlin
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - Cyril Corbet
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), UCLouvain, Brussels B-1200, Belgium
| | - Marc Peeters
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
- Department of Medical Oncology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem 2650, Belgium
| | - Jan Baptist Vermorken
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
- Department of Medical Oncology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem 2650, Belgium
| | - Jorrit De Waele
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - Filip Lardon
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
- The authors contributed equally
| | - An Wouters
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
- The authors contributed equally
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Khayatan D, Hussain A, Tebyaniyan H. Exploring animal models in oral cancer research and clinical intervention: A critical review. Vet Med Sci 2023. [PMID: 37196179 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, but advances in treatment, early detection, and prevention have helped to reduce its impact. To translate cancer research findings into clinical interventions for patients, appropriate animal experimental models, particularly in oral cancer therapy, can be helpful. In vitro experiments using animal or human cells can provide insight into cancer's biochemical pathways. This review discusses the various animal models used in recent years for research and clinical intervention in oral cancer, along with their advantages and disadvantages. We highlight the advantages and limitations of the used animal models in oral cancer research and therapy by searching the terms of animal models, oral cancer, oral cancer therapy, oral cancer research, and animals to find all relevant publications during 2010-2023. Mouse models, widely used in cancer research, can help us understand protein and gene functions in vivo and molecular pathways more deeply. To induce cancer in rodents, xenografts are often used, but companion animals with spontaneous tumours are underutilized for rapid advancement in human and veterinary cancer treatments. Like humans with cancer, companion animals exhibit biological behaviour, treatment responses, and cytotoxic agent responses similar to humans. In companion animal models, disease progression is more rapid, and the animals have a shorter lifespan. Animal models allow researchers to study how immune cells interact with cancer cells and how they can be targeted specifically. Additionally, animal models have been extensively used in research on oral cancers, so researchers can use existing knowledge and tools to better understand oral cancers using animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danial Khayatan
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmed Hussain
- School of Dentistry, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy (ECHA), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Hamid Tebyaniyan
- Department of Science and Research, Islimic Azade University, Tehran, Iran
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Preclinical models in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2023; 128:1819-1827. [PMID: 36765175 PMCID: PMC10147614 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02186-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer is the sixth most frequent cancer type. Drug resistance and toxicity are common challenges of the existing therapies, making the development of reliable preclinical models essential for the study of the involved molecular mechanisms as well as for eventual intervention approaches that improve the clinical outcome. Preclinical models of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma have been traditionally based on cell lines and murine models. In this review, we will go over the most frequently used preclinical models, from immortalised-cell and primary tumour cultures in monolayer or 3D, to the currently available animal models. We will scrutinise their efficiency in mimicking the molecular and cellular complexity of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Finally, the challenges and the opportunities of other envisaged putative approaches, as well as the potential of the preclinical models to further develop personalised therapies will be discussed.
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Kumah E, Bibee K. Modelling cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma for laboratory research. Exp Dermatol 2023; 32:117-125. [PMID: 36373888 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) leads to significant morbidity for patients with progression and metastases. However, the molecular underpinnings of these tumors are still poorly understood. Dissecting human cSCC pathogenesis amplifies the exigence for preclinical models that mimic invasion and nodal spread. This review discusses the currently available models, including two- and three-dimensional tissue cultures, syngeneic and transgenic mice, and cell line-derived and patient-derived xenografts. We further highlight studies that have utilized the different models, considering how they recapitulate specific hallmarks of cSCC. Finally, we discuss the advantages, limitations and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Kumah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kristin Bibee
- Transplant Dermatology, Micrographic Surgery and Dermatology Oncology, Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Boss MK, Harrison LG, Gold A, Karam SD, Regan DP. Canine oral squamous cell carcinoma as a spontaneous, translational model for radiation and immunology research. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1033704. [PMID: 36698398 PMCID: PMC9868558 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1033704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Improving outcomes for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients has been hindered by a lack of effective predictive animal models. Spontaneously occurring canine OSCC could help fill this gap. The objective of this study was to characterize the immune landscape of canine OSCC to advance understanding of how dogs could serve as a surrogate for human OSCC. Methods/Results Canine OSCC contains a heterogenous tumor immune microenvironment. CD3+ T cells were the predominant tumor infiltrating immune cell population; however, there was a wide range CD3+ T cell density across samples. The most common CD3+ T cell micro-anatomical distribution was defined as "pre-existing immunity", but the remaining 20% of tumors were characterized as "immunologically ignorant" or "excluded infiltrates" patterns. When compared to normal oral mucosa, the tumor gene expression pattern suggests that canine OSCC microenvironment is highly inflamed and characterized by the presence of an anti-tumor immune response dominated by cytotoxic\effector T cells and NK cells (CD8a, GZMA, OX40, and HLA-A); however, overexpression of genes associated with effector T cell exhaustion and microenvironmental immunosuppression was also identified (PD-1, LAG3, CXCL2). Correlations between CD3+ T cell density and immune gene expression revealed key genes associated with cytotoxic anti-tumor T cell responses (GZMA, GZMB, PRF1), co-stimulation of T cells (CD27, CD28, ICOS), and other immune processes, including Type I IFN response (TNF, TNFSF10), and T cell exhaustion (CTLA4, PD-1). CD3+ T cell density in canine OSCC was significantly correlated with a cytolytic activity score (mean PRF1 and GZMA expression), suggestive of active effector CD8 T cell function. CD204+ macrophages were the second most abundant tumor infiltrating immune cell, and when comparing to normal oral mucosa, two differently expressed genes linked to tumor associated macrophages and myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) were identified: CXCL2, CD70. Overexpression of CXCL2 was also identified in canine OSCC "T cell-high" tumors compared to "T cell-low" tumors. Discussion This study identified actionable immunotherapy targets which could inform future comparative oncology trials in canine OSCC: CTLA-4, PD-1, CXCL2. These data provide a good first step towards utilizing spontaneous canine OSCC as a comparative model for human OSCC radiation and immuno-oncology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary-Keara Boss
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Lauren G. Harrison
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Alexandra Gold
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Sana D. Karam
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Daniel P. Regan
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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7
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Chiu WC, Ou DL, Tan CT. Mouse Models for Immune Checkpoint Blockade Therapeutic Research in Oral Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169195. [PMID: 36012461 PMCID: PMC9409124 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The most prevalent oral cancer globally is oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The invasion of adjacent bones and the metastasis to regional lymph nodes often lead to poor prognoses and shortened survival times in patients with OSCC. Encouraging immunotherapeutic responses have been seen with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs); however, these positive responses to monotherapy have been limited to a small subset of patients. Therefore, it is urgent that further investigations into optimizing immunotherapies are conducted. Areas of research include identifying novel immune checkpoints and targets and tailoring treatment programs to meet the needs of individual patients. Furthermore, the advancement of combination therapies against OSCC is also critical. Thus, additional studies are needed to ensure clinical trials are successful. Mice models are advantageous in immunotherapy research with several advantages, such as relatively low costs and high tumor growth success rate. This review paper divided methods for establishing OSCC mouse models into four categories: syngeneic tumor models, chemical carcinogen induction, genetically engineered mouse, and humanized mouse. Each method has advantages and disadvantages that influence its application in OSCC research. This review comprehensively surveys the literature and summarizes the current mouse models used in immunotherapy, their advantages and disadvantages, and details relating to the cell lines for oral cancer growth. This review aims to present evidence and considerations for choosing a suitable model establishment method to investigate the early diagnosis, clinical treatment, and related pathogenesis of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chiao Chiu
- Department of Medical Research, Fu-Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24352, Taiwan
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City 100225, Taiwan
| | - Da-Liang Ou
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10051, Taiwan
- YongLin Institute of Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10672, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ting Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City 100225, Taiwan
- Stem Cell Core Laboratory, Center of Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10051, Taiwan
- Department of Otolaryngology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 100233, Taiwan
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu 302058, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-23123456 (ext. 88649)
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Saddawi-Konefka R, Simon AB, Sumner W, Sharabi A, Mell LK, Cohen EEW. Defining the Role of Immunotherapy in the Curative Treatment of Locoregionally Advanced Head and Neck Cancer: Promises, Challenges, and Opportunities. Front Oncol 2021; 11:738626. [PMID: 34621678 PMCID: PMC8490924 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.738626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advancements in the development of immunotherapies have raised the hope for patients with locally-advanced HNSCC (LA-HNSCC) to achieve improved oncologic outcomes without the heavy burden of treatment-related morbidity. While there are several ongoing late phase clinical trials that seek to determine whether immunotherapy can be effectively employed in the definitive setting, initial results from concurrent immuno-radiotherapy therapy trials have not shown strong evidence of benefit. Encouragingly, evidence from preclinical studies and early-phase neoadjuvant studies have begun to show potential pathways forward, with therapeutic combinations and sequences that intentionally spare tumor draining lymphatics in order to maximize the synergy between definitive local therapy and immunotherapy. The intent of this review is to summarize the scientific rationale and current clinical evidence for employing immunotherapy for LA-HNSCC as well as the ongoing efforts and challenges to determine how to optimally deliver and sequence immunotherapy alongside traditional therapeutics. In both the preclinical and clinical settings, we will discuss the application of immunotherapies to both surgical and radiotherapeutic management of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Saddawi-Konefka
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, United States
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Aaron B. Simon
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UC Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Whitney Sumner
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Andrew Sharabi
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Loren K. Mell
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Ezra E. W. Cohen
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, United States
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Lin YC, Chou FI, Liao JW, Liu YH, Hwang JJ. The Effect of Low-Dose Gamma Irradiation on the Uptake of Boronophenylalanine to Enhance the Efficacy of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy in an Orthotopic Oral Cancer Model. Radiat Res 2021; 195:347-354. [PMID: 33513230 DOI: 10.1667/rade-20-00102.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The success of boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) mainly depends on the boron concentration in the tumor and a high tumor/normal tissue (T/N) boron ratio or a high tumor/blood (T/B) boron ratio. Therefore, the effective enhancement of boron ratios is the first priority. Our study investigated whether a low-dose of γ-radiation (LDR) could improve boron ratios and enhance the therapeutic effects of BNCT in an orthotopic human oral squamous cell carcinoma-bearing animal model. SAS/luc cells were used to establish the orthotopic tumor-bearing model. The pharmacokinetics of boronophenylalanine (BPA) administration with 400 mg/kg of body weight both alone and in combination with LDR (0.1 Gy) was evaluated, and BNCT was performed at the Tsing Hua Open-pool Reactor (THOR). The radiation doses were evaluated using a treatment planning system. Moreover, tumor growth and metastasis were monitored via bioluminescence imaging (BLI). The therapeutic effects after BNCT were evaluated using BLI, histopathological findings and the overall survival rate. LDR increased the BPA accumulation in tumors by 52.2%. T/N and T/B ratios were enhanced from 3.77 to 5.31 and from 3.47 to 4.46, respectively. Radiation dose was increased by 44.3%. Notably, tumor recurrence and cervical lymph node metastasis were observed in the BNCT group, which had a survival rate of 50%. Complete responses were found in the combined-treatment group, which had a survival rate of 100%. No toxicity was found according to the histopathological findings. Conclusively, LDR increased BPA accumulation in the tumor and the T/N and T/B ratios, resulting in BNCT efficacy improvement and the overall survival rate extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chuan Lin
- Nuclear Science and Technology Development Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Fong-In Chou
- Nuclear Science and Technology Development Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Wang Liao
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathobiology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Hao Liu
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
| | - Jeng-Jong Hwang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-3 Exerts Its Anti-Metastatic Effect in Aerodigestive Tract Cancers by Disrupting the Protein Stability of Vimentin. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13051041. [PMID: 33801272 PMCID: PMC7958122 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Local invasion and distal metastasis are the main causes of cancer-related death and the poor prognosis of patients with aerodigestive tract cancers. Therefore, understanding the biology of invasion and metastasis is important for the development of effective therapeutic strategies. The present study shows that insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) inhibits the migration and invasion of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells in vitro and the development of metastasized tumors in vivo. Mechanistic studies suggest vimentin as a cellular target for the antimetastatic effect of IGFBP-3. These results contribute to a better understanding on the regulation of metastasis of cancer cells, providing the rationale to utilize IGFBP-3 as an effective therapeutic strategy targeting migration and metastasis of aerodigestive tract cancers. Abstract The proapoptotic, antiangiogenic, and antimetastatic activities of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) through IGF-dependent or -independent mechanisms have been suggested in various types of human cancers. However, a mechanistic explanation of and downstream targets involved in the antimetastatic effect of IGFBP-3 is still lacking. In this study, by applying various in vitro and in vivo models, we show that IGFBP-3 suppresses migration and invasion of human head and neck squamous carcinoma (HNSCC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Silencing IGFBP-3 expression elevated the migration and invasion of NSCLC and HNSCC cells in vitro and their local invasion and metastasis in vivo, whereas overexpression of IGFBP-3 decreased such prometastatic changes. Local invasion of 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4-NQO)-induced HNSCC tumors was consistently significantly potentiated in Igfbp3 knockout mice compared with that in wild-type mice. Mechanistically, IGFBP-3 disrupted the protein stability of vimentin via direct binding and promoting its association with the E3 ligase FBXL14, causing proteasomal degradation. The C-terminal domain of IGFBP-3 and the head domain of vimentin are essential for their interaction. These results provide a molecular framework for IGFBP-3′s IGF-independent antimetastatic and antitumor activities.
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11
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Characterization and Differentiation of the Tumor Microenvironment (TME) of Orthotopic and Subcutaneously Grown Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) in Immunocompetent Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010247. [PMID: 33383676 PMCID: PMC7796118 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
For the development and evaluation of new head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) therapeutics, suitable, well-characterized animal models are needed. Thus, by analyzing orthotopic versus subcutaneous models of HNSCC in immunocompetent mice, we evaluated the existence of adenosine-related immunosuppressive B- and T lymphocyte populations within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Applying the SCC VII model for the induction of HNSCC in immunocompetent C3H/HeN mice, the cellular TME was characterized after tumor initiation over time by flow cytometry. The TME in orthotopic grown tumors revealed a larger population of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) with more B cells and CD4+ T cells than the subcutaneously grown tumors. Immune cell populations in the blood and bone marrow showed a rather distinct reaction toward tumor induction and tumor location compared to the spleen, lymph nodes, or thymus. In addition, large numbers of immunosuppressive B- and T cells were identified within the TME but also in secondary lymphoid organs, independently of the tumor initiation site. The altered immunogenic TME may influence the response to any treatment attempt. Moreover, when analyzing the TME and other lymphoid organs of tumor-bearing mice, we observed conditions reflecting largely those of patients suffering from HNSCC suggesting the C3H/HeN mouse model as a suitable tool for studies aiming to target immunosuppression to improve anti-cancer therapies.
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12
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The 4-NQO mouse model: An update on a well-established in vivo model of oral carcinogenesis. Methods Cell Biol 2020; 163:197-229. [PMID: 33785166 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The early detection and management of oral premalignant lesions (OPMDs) improve their outcomes. Animal models that mimic histological and biological processes of human oral carcinogenesis may help to improve the identification of OPMD at-risk of progression into oral squamous cell carcinoma and to develop preventive strategies for the entire field of cancerization. No animal model is perfectly applicable for investigating human oral carcinogenesis. However, the 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO) mouse model is well established and mimics several morphological, histological, genomic and molecular features of human oral carcinogenesis. Some of the reasons for the success of this model include its reproducible experimental conditions with limited variation, the possibility of realizing longitudinal studies with invasive intervention or gene manipulation, and sample availability for all stages of oral carcinogenesis, especially premalignant lesions. Moreover, the role of histological and molecular alterations in the field of cancerization (i.e., macroscopically healthy mucosa exposed to a carcinogen) during oral carcinogenesis can be easily explored using this model. In this review, we discuss the advantages and drawbacks of this model for studying human oral carcinogenesis. In summary, the 4-NQO-induced murine oral cancer model is relevant for investigating human oral carcinogenesis, including the immune microenvironment, and for evaluating therapeutic and chemoprevention agents.
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Onaciu A, Munteanu R, Munteanu VC, Gulei D, Raduly L, Feder RI, Pirlog R, Atanasov AG, Korban SS, Irimie A, Berindan-Neagoe I. Spontaneous and Induced Animal Models for Cancer Research. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:E660. [PMID: 32878340 PMCID: PMC7555044 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10090660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the complexity of the current framework in oncology, the relevance of animal models in biomedical research is critical in light of the capacity to produce valuable data with clinical translation. The laboratory mouse is the most common animal model used in cancer research due to its high adaptation to different environments, genetic variability, and physiological similarities with humans. Beginning with spontaneous mutations arising in mice colonies that allow for pursuing studies of specific pathological conditions, this area of in vivo research has significantly evolved, now capable of generating humanized mice models encompassing the human immune system in biological correlation with human tumor xenografts. Moreover, the era of genetic engineering, especially of the hijacking CRISPR/Cas9 technique, offers powerful tools in designing and developing various mouse strains. Within this article, we will cover the principal mouse models used in oncology research, beginning with behavioral science of animals vs. humans, and continuing on with genetically engineered mice, microsurgical-induced cancer models, and avatar mouse models for personalized cancer therapy. Moreover, the area of spontaneous large animal models for cancer research will be briefly presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Onaciu
- Research Center for Advanced Medicine - Medfuture, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.O.); (R.M.); (R.-I.F.)
| | - Raluca Munteanu
- Research Center for Advanced Medicine - Medfuture, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.O.); (R.M.); (R.-I.F.)
| | - Vlad Cristian Munteanu
- Department of Urology, The Oncology Institute “Prof Dr. Ion Chiricuta”, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Diana Gulei
- Research Center for Advanced Medicine - Medfuture, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.O.); (R.M.); (R.-I.F.)
| | - Lajos Raduly
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.R.); (R.P.)
| | - Richard-Ionut Feder
- Research Center for Advanced Medicine - Medfuture, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.O.); (R.M.); (R.-I.F.)
| | - Radu Pirlog
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.R.); (R.P.)
- Department of Morphological Sciences, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Atanas G. Atanasov
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 23 Acad. G. Bonchev str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Schuyler S. Korban
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
| | - Alexandru Irimie
- 11th Department of Surgical Oncology and Gynaecological Oncology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Department of Surgery, The Oncology Institute Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta, 34–36 Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.R.); (R.P.)
- Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, The Oncology Institute “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta”, 34-36 Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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14
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Chen H, Wang M, Qi M, Tian Z, Wu W, Yang J, Zhang M, Tang L, Tang X. The antilymphatic metastatic effect of hyaluronic acid in a mouse model of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Biol Ther 2020; 21:541-548. [PMID: 32186431 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2020.1736737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Lymphatic metastasis is the main cause of low patient survival in cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Several animal models have been established to uncover the mechanism that regulates lymph node metastasis of OSCC cells. Unfortunately, these models often take a long time to establish. The prolonged tumor burden can lead to animal cachexia, which may ultimately affect the experimental outcome. To overcome the disadvantages of these models, we established an orthotopic metastatic animal model of OSCC that showed quick lymph node metastasis potential.Results: DiR dye-labeled CAL27 cells were injected into tongue tissues of BALB/c nude mice, and the cells metastasized to lymph nodes on day 3. Metastasis was monitored using an in vivo imaging system and confirmed by histological observation. Using this model, we investigated the role of hyaluronic acid (HA) on the cervical metastasis of OSCC cells. Surprisingly, we found that the presence of HA significantly reduced the incidence of metastasis to cervical lymph nodes compared with the control group. Further analysis revealed that the presence of exogenous HA promoted mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) in primary tumors while reducing the metastatic potential of OSCC.Conclusion: Our findings confirmed the establishment of a fast and reliable lymphatic metastatic mouse model of OSCC that can be used for investigating metastatic mechanisms and analyzing various antimetastasis strategies. An equally important discovery is the antimetastatic property of HA, which could provide a potential therapeutic strategy for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Division of Oral Pathology, Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wang
- Division of Oral Pathology, Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Moci Qi
- Division of Oral Pathology, Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenchuan Tian
- Division of Oral Pathology, Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenqi Wu
- Core Facilities Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Division of Oral Pathology, Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Division of Oral Pathology, Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Tang
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Xiaofei Tang
- Division of Oral Pathology, Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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15
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Li Q, Dong H, Yang G, Song Y, Mou Y, Ni Y. Mouse Tumor-Bearing Models as Preclinical Study Platforms for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:212. [PMID: 32158692 PMCID: PMC7052016 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical animal models of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) have been extensively studied in recent years. Investigating the pathogenesis and potential therapeutic strategies of OSCC is required to further progress in this field, and a suitable research animal model that reflects the intricacies of cancer biology is crucial. Of the animal models established for the study of cancers, mouse tumor-bearing models are among the most popular and widely deployed for their high fertility, low cost, and molecular and physiological similarity to humans, as well as the ease of rearing experimental mice. Currently, the different methods of establishing OSCC mouse models can be divided into three categories: chemical carcinogen-induced, transplanted and genetically engineered mouse models. Each of these methods has unique advantages and limitations, and the appropriate application of these techniques in OSCC research deserves our attention. Therefore, this review comprehensively investigates and summarizes the tumorigenesis mechanisms, characteristics, establishment methods, and current applications of OSCC mouse models in published papers. The objective of this review is to provide foundations and considerations for choosing suitable model establishment methods to study the relevant pathogenesis, early diagnosis, and clinical treatment of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- Central Laboratory, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Heng Dong
- Central Laboratory, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Oral Implantology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangwen Yang
- Central Laboratory, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuxian Song
- Central Laboratory, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongbin Mou
- Central Laboratory, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Oral Implantology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Yongbin Mou
| | - Yanhong Ni
- Central Laboratory, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Yanhong Ni
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16
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Driehuis E, Kolders S, Spelier S, Lõhmussaar K, Willems SM, Devriese LA, de Bree R, de Ruiter EJ, Korving J, Begthel H, van Es JH, Geurts V, He GW, van Jaarsveld RH, Oka R, Muraro MJ, Vivié J, Zandvliet MMJM, Hendrickx APA, Iakobachvili N, Sridevi P, Kranenburg O, van Boxtel R, Kops GJPL, Tuveson DA, Peters PJ, van Oudenaarden A, Clevers H. Oral Mucosal Organoids as a Potential Platform for Personalized Cancer Therapy. Cancer Discov 2019; 9:852-871. [PMID: 31053628 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-18-1522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have described that tumor organoids can capture the diversity of defined human carcinoma types. Here, we describe conditions for long-term culture of human mucosal organoids. Using this protocol, a panel of 31 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC)-derived organoid lines was established. This panel recapitulates genetic and molecular characteristics previously described for HNSCC. Organoids retain their tumorigenic potential upon xenotransplantation. We observe differential responses to a panel of drugs including cisplatin, carboplatin, cetuximab, and radiotherapy in vitro. Additionally, drug screens reveal selective sensitivity to targeted drugs that are not normally used in the treatment of patients with HNSCC. These observations may inspire a personalized approach to the management of HNSCC and expand the repertoire of HNSCC drugs. SIGNIFICANCE: This work describes the culture of organoids derived from HNSCC and corresponding normal epithelium. These tumoroids recapitulate the disease genetically, histologically, and functionally. In vitro drug screening of tumoroids reveals responses to therapies both currently used in the treatment of HNSCC and those not (yet) used in clinical practice.See related commentary by Hill and D'Andrea, p. 828.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 813.
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Affiliation(s)
- Else Driehuis
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sigrid Kolders
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sacha Spelier
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Kadi Lõhmussaar
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Stefan M Willems
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lot A Devriese
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Remco de Bree
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Emma J de Ruiter
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Korving
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Harry Begthel
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Johan H van Es
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Veerle Geurts
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gui-Wei He
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Richard H van Jaarsveld
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Rurika Oka
- Princess Maxima Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mauro J Muraro
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Single Cell Discoveries, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Judith Vivié
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Single Cell Discoveries, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maurice M J M Zandvliet
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Antoni P A Hendrickx
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Nino Iakobachvili
- M4I Division of Nanoscopy, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Priya Sridevi
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York
| | - Onno Kranenburg
- Utrecht Platform for Organoid Technology (U-PORT), Utrecht Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Geert J P L Kops
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Peter J Peters
- M4I Division of Nanoscopy, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Alexander van Oudenaarden
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Clevers
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands. .,Princess Maxima Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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17
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Polverini PJ, Lingen MW. A History of Innovations in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Oral and Head and Neck Cancer. J Dent Res 2019; 98:489-497. [PMID: 31008698 DOI: 10.1177/0022034519833645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Historical records as far back as 3000 BCE show that oral and head and neck cancer was a disease process well known to Egyptian physicians. Luminaries such as Hippocrates, Galen, Pott, and Virchow were instrumental in shaping our understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of cancer. During the 20th century, evidence-based medicine catalyzed the development of rigorous science-based diagnostic and treatment protocols. The use of surgery, therapeutic radiation, and chemotherapy as single-treatment agents or in combination with one another gradually emerged as the preferred approach to cancer therapy. The recognition of tobacco, alcohol, and human papillomavirus as etiological agents in oral and head and neck cancer prompted the development of new diagnostic aids and treatment strategies to mitigate cancer progression. More in-depth mechanistic insights into the multistep process of oral and head and neck cancer were made possible by the use of the hamster buccal pouch and mouse models. New technologies, such as the sequencing of the human genome, metabolomics, and proteomics, have provided the foundation for what we today call precision medicine. The future success of tailored medical treatment for cancer patients will depend on the discovery of new druggable targets with improved therapeutic efficacy. As the precision and sensitivity of existing tools for prevention and risk assessment improve, greater accuracy will be achieved in predicting health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Polverini
- 1 Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, Division of Oral Medicine, Pathology, and Radiology, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,2 Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,3 University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - M W Lingen
- 4 Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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18
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Chen YF, Liu CJ, Lin LH, Chou CH, Yeh LY, Lin SC, Chang KW. Establishing of mouse oral carcinoma cell lines derived from transgenic mice and their use as syngeneic tumorigenesis models. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:281. [PMID: 30922255 PMCID: PMC6440159 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5486-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The survival of OSCC patient needs to be further improved. miR-211 is oncogenic in OSCC and its upregulation is associated with tumor progression and poor patient survival. K14-EGFP-miR-211 transgenic mice also exhibit augmented potential for OSCC induction. Methods Four murine OSCC cell lines, designated MOC-L1 to MOC-L4, are established from tongue tumors induced by 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide using the K14-EGFP-miR-211 transgenic mouse model. The genetic disruption, in vitro oncogenicity, and the eligibilities of tumorigenesis and metastasis of the cell lines are analyzed. Results All cell lines show green fluorescence and express a range of epithelial markers. The MOC-L1, MOC-L2 and MOC-L3 cells carry missense mutations in the DNA binding domain of the p53 gene. MOC-L1 exhibits a high level of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and has the aggressive characteristics associated with this. MOC-L1 and MOC-L2 are clonogenic in vitro as well as being tumorigenic when implanted into the dermis or tongue of syngeneic recipients. Nonetheless, only MOC-L1 exhibits immense potential for local regional and distal metastasis. Since the expression of miR-196b in MOC-L1 xenografts is drastically decreased on cisplatin treatment, it would seem that targeting of miR-196b might facilitate tumor abrogation. Conclusions As cell lines established in this study originated from the C57BL/6 mouse, the strain most suitable for transgenic engineering, exploring the interplay of these OSCC cells with other genetically modified cells in immune-competent mice would provide important insights into OSCC pathogenesis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-5486-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fen Chen
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Li-Nong St., Section 2, Beitou District, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ji Liu
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Li-Nong St., Section 2, Beitou District, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, MacKay Memorial Hospital, No. 45, Minsheng Rd., Tamsui District, New Taipei City, 251, Taiwan
| | - Li-Han Lin
- Department of Dentistry, MacKay Memorial Hospital, No. 45, Minsheng Rd., Tamsui District, New Taipei City, 251, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsien Chou
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Li-Nong St., Section 2, Beitou District, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yin Yeh
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Li-Nong St., Section 2, Beitou District, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chun Lin
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Li-Nong St., Section 2, Beitou District, Taipei, 112, Taiwan. .,Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Li-Nong St., Section 2, Beitou District, Taipei, 112, Taiwan. .,Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No.201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.
| | - Kuo-Wei Chang
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Li-Nong St., Section 2, Beitou District, Taipei, 112, Taiwan. .,Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Li-Nong St., Section 2, Beitou District, Taipei, 112, Taiwan. .,Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No.201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.
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Rossa C, D'Silva NJ. Immune-relevant aspects of murine models of head and neck cancer. Oncogene 2019; 38:3973-3988. [PMID: 30696955 PMCID: PMC6533118 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0686-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck cancers (HNCs) cause significant mortality and morbidity. There have been few advances in therapeutic management of HNC in the past 4 to 5 decades, which support the need for studies focusing on HNC biology. In recent years, increased recognition of the relevance of the host response in cancer progression has led to novel therapeutic strategies and putative biomarkers of tumor aggressiveness. However, tumor-immune interactions are highly complex and vary with cancer type. Pre-clinical, in vivo models represent an important and necessary step in understanding biological processes involved in development, progression and treatment of HNC. Rodents (mice, rats, hamsters) are the most frequently used animal models in HNC research. The relevance and utility of information generated by studies in murine models is unquestionable, but it is also limited in application to tumor-immune interactions. In this review, we present information regarding the immune-specific characteristics of the murine models most commonly used in HNC research, including immunocompromised and immunocompetent animals. The particular characteristics of xenograft, chemically induced, syngeneic, transgenic, and humanized models are discussed in order to provide context and insight for researchers interested in the in vivo study of tumor-immune interactions in HNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Rossa
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, UNESP-State University of Sao Paulo, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Araraquara - SP, Brazil. .,Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Nisha J D'Silva
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA. .,Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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20
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Arroyo-Solera I, Pavón MÁ, León X, López M, Gallardo A, Céspedes MV, Casanova I, Pallarès V, López-Pousa A, Mangues MA, Barnadas A, Quer M, Mangues R. Effect of serpinE1 overexpression on the primary tumor and lymph node, and lung metastases in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2018; 41:429-439. [PMID: 30548470 DOI: 10.1002/hed.25437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serpin Family E Member 1 (SerpinE1) overexpression associates with poor clinical outcome in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients. This study analyzed the role of serpinE1 in HNSCC dissemination. METHODS We studied the phenotypic characteristics and dissemination of HNSCC cells overexpressing serpinE1 using an orthotopic model and the association between serpinE1 overexpression and clinicopathological variables in patients included in The Cancer Genome Atlas database. RESULTS SerpinE1 overexpression increased proliferation, tumor budding, and the stromal component, while inhibiting apoptosis in primary tumors. It also enhanced the affectation and metastatic growth in lymph nodes, and the dispersion and growth of metastatic foci in the lung. High serpinE1 expression was associated with larger tumor size, undifferentiated tumors, lymph node metastasis, extracapsular spread, and the presence of perineural and angiolymphatic invasion. CONCLUSION SerpinE1 overexpression promotes tumor aggressiveness and metastatic dissemination to lymph nodes and lung consistently with its association with poor outcome in HNSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Arroyo-Solera
- Grup d'Oncogènesi i Antitumorals, lnstitut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomecidicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Pavón
- Infection and Cancer Laboratory. Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), IDIBELL and CIBER-ONC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier León
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomecidicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Otorrinolaryngology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat López
- Department of Otorrinolaryngology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Gallardo
- Department of Pathology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Virtudes Céspedes
- Grup d'Oncogènesi i Antitumorals, lnstitut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomecidicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isolda Casanova
- Grup d'Oncogènesi i Antitumorals, lnstitut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomecidicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Víctor Pallarès
- Department of Hematology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio López-Pousa
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomecidicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Antonia Mangues
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomecidicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Pharmacy, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Agustí Barnadas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Quer
- Department of Otorrinolaryngology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramón Mangues
- Grup d'Oncogènesi i Antitumorals, lnstitut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomecidicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
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21
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Piegols HJ, Takada M, Parys M, Dexheimer T, Yuzbasiyan-Gurkan V. Investigation of novel chemotherapeutics for feline oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 9:33098-33109. [PMID: 30237854 PMCID: PMC6145701 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Feline oral squamous cell carcinomas (FOSCC) are highly aggressive neoplasms with short survival times despite multimodal treatment. FOSCC are similar to squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (SCCHN) in humans, which also present therapeutic challenges. The current study was undertaken to identify novel chemotherapeutics using FOSCC cell lines. A high throughput drug screen using 1,952 drugs was performed to identify chemotherapeutics for further investigation. Two of the drugs identified in the drug screen, actinomycin D and methotrexate, and two drugs with similar molecular targets to drugs found to be efficacious in the screening, dinaciclib and flavopiridol, were selected for further investigation. Drug inhibition profiles were generated for each drug and cell line using an MTS assay. In addition, the effects of the drugs of interest on cell cycle progression were analyzed via a propidium iodide DNA labeling assay. Changes in caspase-3/7 activity after treatment with each drug were also determined. The findings demonstrated effectiveness of the drugs at nanomolar concentrations with sensitivity varying across cell lines. With all of the drugs except for actinomycin D, evidence for G1 arrest was found. Dinaciclib and flavopiridol were demonstrated to induce apoptosis. The results of the study suggest that the selected drugs are potential candidates for developing novel chemotherapeutic approaches to FOSCC. Through these studies, novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of FOSCC can be developed to provide better care for affected cats which can also serve as proof of concept studies to inform translational studies in SCCHN in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunter John Piegols
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Marilia Takada
- Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Maciej Parys
- Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Current Affiliation: The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute, Roslin, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Dexheimer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Vilma Yuzbasiyan-Gurkan
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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22
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Vishwakarma V, New J, Kumar D, Snyder V, Arnold L, Nissen E, Hu Q, Cheng N, Miller D, Thomas AR, Shnayder Y, Kakarala K, Tsue TT, Girod DA, Thomas SM. Potent Antitumor Effects of a Combination of Three Nutraceutical Compounds. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12163. [PMID: 30111862 PMCID: PMC6093880 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29683-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is associated with low survival, and the current aggressive therapies result in high morbidity. Nutraceuticals are dietary compounds with few side effects. However, limited antitumor efficacy has restricted their application for cancer therapy. Here, we examine combining nutraceuticals, establishing a combination therapy that is more potent than any singular component, and delineate the mechanism of action. Three formulations were tested: GZ17-S (combined plant extracts from Arum palaestinum, Peganum harmala and Curcuma longa); GZ17-05.00 (16 synthetic components of GZ17-S); and GZ17-6.02 (3 synthetic components of GZ17S; curcumin, harmine and isovanillin). We tested the formulations on HNSCC proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, macrophage viability and infiltration into the tumor and tumor apoptosis. GZ17-6.02, the most effective formulation, significantly reduced in vitro assessments of HNSCC progression. When combined with cisplatin, GZ17-6.02 enhanced anti-proliferative effects. Molecular signaling cascades inhibited by GZ17-6.02 include EGFR, ERK1/2, and AKT, and molecular docking analyses demonstrate GZ17-6.02 components bind at distinct binding sites. GZ17-6.02 significantly inhibited growth of HNSCC cell line, patient-derived xenografts, and murine syngeneic tumors in vivo (P < 0.001). We demonstrate GZ17-6.02 as a highly effective plant extract combination and pave the way for future clinical application in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikalp Vishwakarma
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Jacob New
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Dhruv Kumar
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.,Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Vusala Snyder
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Levi Arnold
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Emily Nissen
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Qingting Hu
- Department of Pathology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Nikki Cheng
- Department of Pathology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - David Miller
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, KS, 66762, USA
| | - Ahia Rael Thomas
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Yelizaveta Shnayder
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Kiran Kakarala
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Terance Ted Tsue
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Douglas A Girod
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Sufi Mary Thomas
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA. .,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA. .,Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
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23
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Qin X, Yan M, Li R, Ye D, Zhang J, Xu Q, Feng Y, Sun Q, Jiang C, Chen W. Identification and characterization of a highly metastatic epithelial cancer cell line from rat tongue cancer. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 95:58-67. [PMID: 30059808 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) is a clinically devastating disease. However, most established TSCC cell lines currently show undesirable malignant behaviours. The purpose of this study is to establish a highly metastatic TSCC cell line to serve as a useful tool for basic research. MATERIALS AND METHODS TSCCs were induced by 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO) in Sprague-Dawley rats. Tumor cells were obtained from the cancer tissues by primary culture and were then purified by an in vitro invasion assay and a limiting dilution assay. The growth rate, cell cycle distribution, apoptotic rate, tumorigenicity and distant metastatic phenotypes of the rat tongue cancer cells were fully investigated and characterized. RESULTS To date, the rat tongue cancer cell line, named Rca-T, has been continuously cultured in vitro for over 210 passages and exhibit a long spindle-shaped morphology, adherent growth, and a stable epithelial phenotype. The population doubling time of Rca-T cells is 23.35 h. Approximately 39.8% of these cells are in S phase, and the apoptosis rate of Rca-T cells is 7.46%. Furthermore, in immunodeficient nude mice, both the xenograft rate and the incidence of experimental lung metastasis are 100%. The in vitro assays further reveal the highly malignant and epithelial-mesenchymal transition-like properties of Rca-T cells. CONCLUSION In this study, the tumorigenic and highly distant metastatic TSCC cell line Rca-T was established. The malignant features of this cell line, especially its metastatic potential, will enable a wealth of functional studies on the molecular mechanisms of TSCC metastasis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Qin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Ming Yan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Rongrong Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Dongxia Ye
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Qin Xu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Yuanyong Feng
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Qiang Sun
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Canhua Jiang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
| | - Wantao Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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24
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Luo JJ, Young CD, Zhou HM, Wang XJ. Mouse Models for Studying Oral Cancer: Impact in the Era of Cancer Immunotherapy. J Dent Res 2018; 97:683-690. [PMID: 29649368 DOI: 10.1177/0022034518767635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Model systems for oral cancer research have progressed from tumor epithelial cell cultures to in vivo systems that mimic oral cancer genetics, pathological characteristics, and tumor-stroma interactions of oral cancer patients. In the era of cancer immunotherapy, it is imperative to use model systems to test oral cancer prevention and therapeutic interventions in the presence of an immune system and to discover mechanisms of stromal contributions to oral cancer carcinogenesis. Here, we review in vivo mouse model systems commonly used for studying oral cancer and discuss the impact these models are having in advancing basic mechanisms, chemoprevention, and therapeutic intervention of oral cancer while highlighting recent discoveries concerning the role of immune cells in oral cancer. Improvements to in vivo model systems that highly recapitulate human oral cancer hold the key to identifying features of oral cancer initiation, progression, and invasion as well as molecular and cellular targets for prevention, therapeutic response, and immunotherapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Luo
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,2 Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - C D Young
- 2 Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - H M Zhou
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - X J Wang
- 2 Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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25
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Treatment with docetaxel in combination with Aneustat leads to potent inhibition of metastasis in a patient-derived xenograft model of advanced prostate cancer. Br J Cancer 2018; 118:802-812. [PMID: 29381682 PMCID: PMC5877435 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Docetaxel used for first-line treatment of advanced prostate cancer (PCa) is only marginally effective. We previously showed, using the LTL-313H subrenal capsule patient-derived metastatic PCa xenograft model, that docetaxel combined with Aneustat (OMN54), a multivalent plant-derived therapeutic, led to marked synergistic tumour growth inhibition. Here, we investigated the effect of docetaxel+Aneustat on metastasis. Methods: C4-2 cells were incubated with docetaxel, Aneustat and docetaxel+Aneustat to assess effects on cell migration. The LTL-313H model, similarly treated, was analysed for effects on lung micro-metastasis and kidney invasion. The LTL-313H gene expression profile was compared with profiles of PCa patients (obtained from Oncomine) and subjected to IPA to determine involvement of cancer driver genes. Results: Docetaxel+Aneustat markedly inhibited C4-2 cell migration and LTL-313H lung micro-metastasis/kidney invasion. Oncomine analysis indicated that treatment with docetaxel+Aneustat was associated with improved patient outcome. The drug combination markedly downregulated expression of cancer driver genes such as FOXM1 (and FOXM1-target genes). FOXM1 overexpression reduced the anti-metastatic activity of docetaxel+Aneustat. Conclusions: Docetaxel+Aneustat can inhibit PCa tissue invasion and metastasis. This activity appears to be based on reduced expression of cancer driver genes such as FOXM1. Use of docetaxel+Aneustat may provide a new, more effective regimen for therapy of metastatic PCa.
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26
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von Mässenhausen A, Sanders C, Thewes B, Deng M, Queisser A, Vogel W, Kristiansen G, Duensing S, Schröck A, Bootz F, Brossart P, Kirfel J, Heasley L, Brägelmann J, Perner S. MERTK as a novel therapeutic target in head and neck cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 7:32678-94. [PMID: 27081701 PMCID: PMC5078043 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although head and neck cancer (HNSCC) is the sixth most common tumor entity worldwide therapy options remain limited leading to 5-year survival rates of only 50 %. MERTK is a promising therapeutic target in several tumor entities, however, its role in HNSCC has not been described yet. The aim of our study was to investigate the biological significance of MERTK and to evaluate its potential as a novel therapeutic target in this dismal tumor entity. In two large HNSCC cohorts (n=537 and n=520) we found that MERTK is overexpressed in one third of patients. In-vitro, MERTK overexpression led to increased proliferation, migration and invasion whereas MERTK inhibition with the small molecule inhibitor UNC1062 or MERTK knockdown reduced cell motility via the small GTPase RhoA. Taken together, we are the first to show that MERTK is frequently overexpressed in HNSCC and plays an important role in tumor cell motility. It might therefore be a potential target for selected patients suffering from this dismal tumor entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne von Mässenhausen
- Section of Prostate Cancer Research, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne/Bonn, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christine Sanders
- Section of Prostate Cancer Research, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne/Bonn, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Britta Thewes
- Section of Prostate Cancer Research, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne/Bonn, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Mario Deng
- Pathology of The University Hospital of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany.,Leibniz Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
| | - Angela Queisser
- Section of Prostate Cancer Research, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne/Bonn, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Wenzel Vogel
- Pathology of The University Hospital of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany.,Leibniz Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
| | - Glen Kristiansen
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne/Bonn, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Duensing
- Department of Urology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Schröck
- Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne/Bonn, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Friedrich Bootz
- Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne/Bonn, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Brossart
- Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne/Bonn, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jutta Kirfel
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne/Bonn, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lynn Heasley
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Johannes Brägelmann
- Section of Prostate Cancer Research, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne/Bonn, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sven Perner
- Pathology of The University Hospital of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany.,Leibniz Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
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27
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Preventive effect of celecoxib use against cancer progression and occurrence of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6235. [PMID: 28740192 PMCID: PMC5524966 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06673-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 in oral cancer increases lymph node metastasis and is associated with a poor prognosis. The potential of celecoxib (CXB) use is reported in cancer treatment by inhibiting proliferation through apoptosis, but the effects on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer cell mobility remain unclear. We performed a preclinical study and population-based study to evaluate CXB use in the prevention of oral cancer progression and occurrence. The in-vitro findings showed that CXB is involved in the inhibition of EMT and cell mobility through blocking transcription factors (Slug, Snail and ZEB1), cytoplasmic mediators (focal adhesion kinase (FAK), vimentin and β-catenin), cell adhesion molecules (cadherins and integrins), and surface receptors (AMFR and EGFR). The murine xenograft model showed a 65% inhibition in tumour growth after a 5-week treatment of CXB compared to placebo. Xenograft tumours in placebo-treated mice displayed a well-to-moderate/moderate differentiated SCC grade, while those from CXB-treated mice were well differentiated. The expression levels of membrane EGFR, and nuclear FAK, Slug and ZEB1 were decreased in the xenograft tumours of CXB-treated mice. A retrospective cohort study showed that increasing the daily dose and medication time of CXB was associated with oral cancer prevention. The findings provide an alternative prevention strategy for oral cancer development with CXB use.
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28
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Preclinical models in HNSCC: A comprehensive review. Oral Oncol 2016; 65:51-56. [PMID: 28109468 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck cancer remains a significant public health concern. About 60% of patients die within 5years due to local recurrence. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines are important preclinical models in the search for new therapies against this disease. Furthermore, there is a need to test novel drugs before introduction into clinical practice. A preclinical model that closely resembles the in vivo situation would be highly valuable. In the last few decades, a multicellular spheroid model has gained attention as its behavior was comparable to in vivo tumors. Basic research is necessary to achieve an understanding of the normal and pathological state but cannot, in itself, provide sufficient information for clinical applications. Indeed, animal models are an inevitable prelude to assess the efficacy of new therapeutic approaches in HNSCC. The present review proposes an overview of HNSCC pre-clinical models in order to further understand the oncogenic properties for HNSCC and translate these findings into clinic for patients.
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29
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Lei ZG, Ren XH, Wang SS, Liang XH, Tang YL. Immunocompromised and immunocompetent mouse models for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:545-55. [PMID: 26869799 PMCID: PMC4734789 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s95633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mouse models can closely mimic human oral squamous epithelial carcinogenesis, greatly expand the in vivo research possibilities, and play a critical role in the development of diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. With the development of the recent research on the contribution of immunity/inflammation to cancer initiation and progression, mouse models have been divided into two categories, namely, immunocompromised and immunocompetent mouse models. And thus, this paper will review these two kinds of models applied in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma to provide a platform to understand the complicated histological, molecular, and genetic changes of oral squamous epithelial tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Ge Lei
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Hua Ren
- Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Medical Science Academy and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Sha-Sha Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Hua Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Ling Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China; Department of Oral Pathology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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30
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Supsavhad W, Dirksen WP, Martin CK, Rosol TJ. Animal models of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Vet J 2015; 210:7-16. [PMID: 26965084 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the most common oral cancer worldwide. Local bone invasion into the maxilla or mandible and metastasis to regional lymph nodes often result in a poor prognosis, decreased quality of life and shortened survival time for HNSCC patients. Poor response to treatment and clinical outcomes are the major concerns in this aggressive cancer. Multiple animal models have been developed to replicate spontaneous HNSCC and investigate genetic alterations and novel therapeutic targets. This review provides an overview of HNSCC as well as the traditional animal models used in HNSCC preclinical research. The value and challenges of each in vivo model are discussed. Similarity between HNSCC in humans and cats and the possibility of using spontaneous feline oral squamous cell carcinoma (FOSCC) as a model for HNSCC in translational research are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wachiraphan Supsavhad
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1925 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Wessel P Dirksen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1925 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Chelsea K Martin
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Thomas J Rosol
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1925 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Liu Y, Yin T, Feng Y, Cona MM, Huang G, Liu J, Song S, Jiang Y, Xia Q, Swinnen JV, Bormans G, Himmelreich U, Oyen R, Ni Y. Mammalian models of chemically induced primary malignancies exploitable for imaging-based preclinical theragnostic research. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2015; 5:708-29. [PMID: 26682141 PMCID: PMC4671963 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2223-4292.2015.06.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Compared with transplanted tumor models or genetically engineered cancer models, chemically induced primary malignancies in experimental animals can mimic the clinical cancer progress from the early stage on. Cancer caused by chemical carcinogens generally develops through three phases namely initiation, promotion and progression. Based on different mechanisms, chemical carcinogens can be divided into genotoxic and non-genotoxic ones, or complete and incomplete ones, usually with an organ-specific property. Chemical carcinogens can be classified upon their origins such as environmental pollutants, cooked meat derived carcinogens, N-nitroso compounds, food additives, antineoplastic agents, naturally occurring substances and synthetic carcinogens, etc. Carcinogen-induced models of primary cancers can be used to evaluate the diagnostic/therapeutic effects of candidate drugs, investigate the biological influential factors, explore preventive measures for carcinogenicity, and better understand molecular mechanisms involved in tumor initiation, promotion and progression. Among commonly adopted cancer models, chemically induced primary malignancies in mammals have several advantages including the easy procedures, fruitful tumor generation and high analogy to clinical human primary cancers. However, in addition to the time-consuming process, the major drawback of chemical carcinogenesis for translational research is the difficulty in noninvasive tumor burden assessment in small animals. Like human cancers, tumors occur unpredictably also among animals in terms of timing, location and the number of lesions. Thanks to the availability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with various advantages such as ionizing-free scanning, superb soft tissue contrast, multi-parametric information, and utility of diverse contrast agents, now a workable solution to this bottleneck problem is to apply MRI for noninvasive detection, diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring on those otherwise uncontrollable animal models with primary cancers. Moreover, it is foreseeable that the combined use of chemically induced primary cancer models and molecular imaging techniques may help to develop new anticancer diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Simmons JK, Hildreth BE, Supsavhad W, Elshafae SM, Hassan BB, Dirksen WP, Toribio RE, Rosol TJ. Animal Models of Bone Metastasis. Vet Pathol 2015; 52:827-41. [PMID: 26021553 DOI: 10.1177/0300985815586223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Bone is one of the most common sites of cancer metastasis in humans and is a significant source of morbidity and mortality. Bone metastases are considered incurable and result in pain, pathologic fracture, and decreased quality of life. Animal models of skeletal metastases are essential to improve the understanding of the molecular pathways of cancer metastasis and growth in bone and to develop new therapies to inhibit and prevent bone metastases. The ideal animal model should be clinically relevant, reproducible, and representative of human disease. Currently, an ideal model does not exist; however, understanding the strengths and weaknesses of the available models will lead to proper study design and successful cancer research. This review provides an overview of the current in vivo animal models used in the study of skeletal metastases or local tumor invasion into bone and focuses on mammary and prostate cancer, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and miscellaneous tumors that metastasize to bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Simmons
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - B E Hildreth
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - W Supsavhad
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - S M Elshafae
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - B B Hassan
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - W P Dirksen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - R E Toribio
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - T J Rosol
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Barcessat ARR, Huang I, Rabelo GD, Rosin FCP, Ferreira LGV, de Cerqueira Luz JG, Corrêa L. Systemic toxic effects during early phases of topical 4-NQO-induced oral carcinogenesis in rats. J Oral Pathol Med 2014; 43:770-7. [PMID: 24931357 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most studies have demonstrated 4-NQO toxicity to oral epithelium during oral carcinogenesis induction, but systemic toxicity has been poorly addressed. The aim of this study was to describe the systemic effect of 4-NQO topical application during early phases of oral cancer induction. METHODS A 4-NQO propylene glycol ointment was topically applied on the rat tongue three times a week for 16 weeks. Local and systemic 4-NQO toxicity was evaluated by body weight gain, hematology, and serum chemistry analyses, histopathology, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Significant reduction in body weight gain and in white blood cell count as well as significant increase in serum ALT and AST was observed after 16 weeks of 4-NQO topical application. Focal hepatic lobular necrosis, renal tubular degeneration, and decreased cellularity in the splenic white pulp were also detected. CONCLUSIONS 4-NQO topical application on the tongue of rats for 16 weeks seems to have caused hepatic, renal, and splenic toxicity. Potential systemic toxicity should be considered to monitor for variables that could interfere in topical oral carcinogenesis experiments.
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Belkin DA, Chen J, Mo JL, Rosoff JS, Goldenberg S, Poppas DP, Krueger JG, Herschman M, Mitsui H, Felsen D, Carucci JA. An animal explant model for the study of human cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76156. [PMID: 24116092 PMCID: PMC3792940 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We established a human tissue explant model to facilitate study of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. We accomplished this by implanting debulked SCC, from surgical discard, into nude rats. Human SCC remained viable and continued to proliferate for at least 4 weeks and showed evidence of neovascularization. At 4 weeks, SCC implants showed a trend toward increased PCNA positive cells compared to fresh SCC cells/mm(2) tissue) supporting continued proliferation throughout engraftment. Von Willebrand's Factor (VWF) positive cells were found within implants and likely represented rat vessel neovascularization. Human Langerhans' (Langerin+) cells, but no T cells (CD3+, CD8+, FoxP3+), macrophages (CD163), or NK cells (NKp46), were present in SCC implants at 4 weeks. These findings support the possibility that LCs fail to migrate from cutaneous SCC and thus contribute to lack of effective antitumor response. Our findings also provide a novel model system for further study of primary cutaneous SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Belkin
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jie Chen
- Institute for Pediatric Urology, Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jonathan L. Mo
- Institute for Pediatric Urology, Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - James S. Rosoff
- Institute for Pediatric Urology, Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Sagit Goldenberg
- Institute for Pediatric Urology, Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Dix P. Poppas
- Institute for Pediatric Urology, Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - James G. Krueger
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Miriam Herschman
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Hiroshi Mitsui
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Diane Felsen
- Institute for Pediatric Urology, Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - John A. Carucci
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Peng S, Creighton CJ, Zhang Y, Sen B, Mazumdar T, Myers JN, Lai SY, Woolfson A, Lorenzi MV, Bell D, Williams MD, Johnson FM. Tumor grafts derived from patients with head and neck squamous carcinoma authentically maintain the molecular and histologic characteristics of human cancers. J Transl Med 2013; 11:198. [PMID: 23981300 PMCID: PMC3844397 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-11-198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model is likely to reflect human tumor biology more accurately than cultured cell lines because human tumors are implanted directly into animals; maintained in an in vivo, three-dimensional environment; and never cultured on plastic. PDX models of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) have been developed previously but were not well characterized at the molecular level. HNSCC is a deadly and disfiguring disease for which better systemic therapy is desperately needed. The development of new therapies and the understanding of HNSCC biology both depend upon clinically relevant animal models. We developed and characterized the patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model because it is likely to recapitulate human tumor biology. METHODS We transplanted 30 primary tumors directly into mice. The histology and stromal components were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Gene expression analysis was conducted on patient tumors and on PDXs and cell lines derived from one PDX and from independent, human tumors. RESULTS Five of 30 (17%) transplanted tumors could be serially passaged. Engraftment was more frequent among HNSCC with poor differentiation and nodal disease. The tumors maintained the histologic characteristics of the parent tumor, although human stromal components were lost upon engraftment. The degree of difference in gene expression between the PDX and its parent tumor varied widely but was stable up to the tenth generation in one PDX. For genes whose expression differed between parent tumors and cell lines in culture, the PDX expression pattern was very similar to that of the parent tumor. There were also significant expression differences between the human tumors that subsequently grew in mice and those that did not, suggesting that this model enriches for cancers with distinct biological features. The PDX model was used successfully to test targeted drugs in vivo. CONCLUSION The PDX model for HNSCC is feasible, recapitulates the histology of the original tumor, and generates stable gene expression patterns. Gene expression patterns and histology suggested that the PDX more closely recapitulated the parental tumor than did cells in culture. Thus, the PDX is a robust model in which to evaluate tumor biology and novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Peng
- Departments of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, Unit 432, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston 77030-4009, TX, USA.
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Ballegeer EA, Madrill NJ, Berger KL, Agnew DW, McNiel EA. Evaluation of hypoxia in a feline model of head and neck cancer using ⁶⁴Cu-ATSM positron emission tomography/computed tomography. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:218. [PMID: 23631652 PMCID: PMC3671966 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human and feline head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) share histology, certain molecular features, as well as locally aggressive and highly recurrent clinical behavior. In human HNSCC, the presence of significant hypoxia within these tumors is considered an important factor in the development of a more aggressive phenotype and poor response to therapy. We hypothesized that feline head and neck tumors, particularly HNSCC, would exhibit hypoxia and that 64Cu-diacetyl-bis(N4-methylthiosemicarbazone) (Cu-ATSM) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) would permit detection of intratumoral hypoxia. Methods 12 cats with measureable head and neck tumors were given 64Cu-ATSM and iodinated contrast for PET/CT scan. The presence or absence of hypoxia was also assessed using an intratumoral fluorescent life-time probe to quantitate pO2 and pimonidazole immunohistochemical staining in biopsy specimens. In two cats, intratumoral O2 and 64Cu-ATSM uptake was measured before and after treatment with anti-angiogenic agents to determine the effect of these agents on hypoxia. Results Eleven of twelve feline tumors demonstrated significant 64Cu-ATSM uptake, regardless of malignant or benign etiology. The presence (and absence) of hypoxia was confirmed using the fluorescent O2 detection probe in nine tumors, and using pimonidazole staining in three tumors. Squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) demonstrated the highest degree of hypoxia, with Tmax/M ratios ranging from 4.3 to 21.8. Additional non-neoplastic tissues exhibited 64Cu-ATSM uptake suggestive of hypoxia including reactive draining lymph nodes, non-malignant thyroid pathology, a tooth root abscess, and otitis media. In two cats with HNSCC that received anti-vascular agents, the pattern of 64Cu-ATSM uptake was altered after treatment, demonstrating the potential of the feline model to study the modulation of tumor oxygenation. Conclusion Feline HNSCC serves as a clinically relevant model for the investigation of intratumoral hypoxia including its measurement, modulation and targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Ballegeer
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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Acuña Sanhueza GA, Faller L, George B, Koffler J, Misetic V, Flechtenmacher C, Dyckhoff G, Plinkert PP, Angel P, Simon C, Hess J. Opposing function of MYBBP1A in proliferation and migration of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:72. [PMID: 22339894 PMCID: PMC3342895 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most prevalent and lethal cancers worldwide and mortality mostly results from loco-regional recurrence and metastasis. Despite its significance, our knowledge on molecular, cellular and environmental mechanisms that drive disease pathogenesis remains largely elusive, and there are limited therapeutic options, with only negligible clinical benefit. Methods We applied global gene expression profiling with samples derived from a recently established mouse model for oral cancer recurrence and identified a list of genes with differential expression between primary and recurrent tumors. Results One differentially expressed gene codes for Myb-binding protein 1a (MYBBP1A), which is known as a transcriptional co-regulator that physically interacts with nuclear transcription factors, such as NFκB and p53. We confirmed significantly reduced MYBBP1A protein levels on tissue sections of recurrent mouse tumors compared to primary tumors by immunohistochemistry, and found aberrant MYBBP1A protein levels also in tumor samples of HNSCC patients. Interestingly, silencing of MYBBP1A expression in murine SCC7 and in human HNSCC cell lines elicited increased migration but decreased cell growth. Conclusion We provide experimental evidence that MYBBP1A is an important molecular switch in the regulation of tumor cell proliferation versus migration in HNSCC and it will be a major challenge for the future to proof the concept whether regulation MYBBP1A expression and/or function could serve as a novel option for anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo A Acuña Sanhueza
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Martin CK, Dirksen WP, Shu ST, Werbeck JL, Thudi NK, Yamaguchi M, Wolfe TD, Heller KN, Rosol TJ. Characterization of bone resorption in novel in vitro and in vivo models of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2012; 48:491-9. [PMID: 22265717 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2011.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Revised: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most commonly diagnosed oral malignancy in humans and cats and frequently invades bone. The objective of this study was to determine if feline OSCC serves as a relevant model of human OSCC in terms of osteolytic behavior and expression of bone resorption agonists. Novel feline OSCC cell lines (SCCF2 and SCCF3) were derived from spontaneous carcinomas. Gene expression and osteolytic behavior were compared to an established feline OSCC cell line (SCCF1) and three human OSCC cell lines (UMSCC-12, A253 and SCC25). Interaction of OSCC with bone and murine pre-osteoblasts (MC3T3) was investigated using in vitro co-culture techniques. In vivo bioluminescent imaging, Faxitron radiography and microscopy were used to measure xenograft growth and bone invasion in nude mice. Human and feline OSCC expressing the highest levels of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) were associated with in vitro and in vivo bone resorption and osteoclastogenesis. MC3T3 cells had increased receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) expression and reduced osteoprotegerin (OPG) expression in conditioned medium from bone-invasive SCCF2 cells compared to minimally bone invasive SCCF3 cells, which was partially reversed with a neutralizing anti-PTHrP antibody. Human and feline OSCC cells cultured in bone-conditioned medium had increased PTHrP secretion and proliferation. Feline OSCC-induced bone resorption was associated with tumor cell secretion of PTHrP and with increased RANKL:OPG expression ratio in mouse preosteoblasts. Bone-CM increased OSCC proliferation and secretion of PTHrP. The preclinical models of feline OSCC recapitulated the bone-invasive phenotype characteristic of spontaneous OSCC and will be useful to future preclinical and mechanistic studies of bone invasive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea K Martin
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Sun Y, Han J, Lu Y, Yang X, Fan M. Biological characteristics of a cell subpopulation in tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Dis 2011; 18:169-77. [PMID: 22023137 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2011.01860.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To isolate the CD133+CD44+ cells from human tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) Tca8113 cell line and investigate biological characteristics of them. MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunomagnetic microbeads were applied to sort the CD133+CD44+ cells. Flow cytometry was used to detect isolation purity. The proliferation, clone-formation efficiencies, invasion and migration, gene expressions, and tumor-formation abilities were analyzed among CD133+CD44+, CD133-CD44-, and total population of cells. RESULTS The average purities of CD133+ and CD44+ cells reached 97.3% and 98.7%, respectively. The proliferation of CD133+CD44+ cells was significantly higher than the other two groups. The clone-forming efficiency of three groups was 70%, 8%, and 14%, respectively. The average invaded and migrated cell numbers of CD133+CD44+ and total population cells were 132 and 36.2, 311.6, and 156.2, respectively. The expressions of Bcl-2 and Sox2 in CD133+CD44+ cells were significantly higher than those in total population cells. A total of 10(4) CD133+CD44+ cells could form secondary tumors in nude mice, while the total population group needed 10(6) cells. CONCLUSIONS The CD133+CD44+ subpopulation cells possess stem-like characteristics. They appear to be the potential targets for future biology therapy of human TSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Sun
- Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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Ami N, Koga K, Fushiki H, Ueno Y, Ogino Y, Ohta H. Selective M3 muscarinic receptor antagonist inhibits small-cell lung carcinoma growth in a mouse orthotopic xenograft model. J Pharmacol Sci 2011; 116:81-8. [PMID: 21512307 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.10308fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), acetylcholine (ACh) is synthesized and secreted, and it acts as an autocrine growth factor through activation of its receptors, muscarinic receptor (mAChR) and nicotinic receptor (nAChR). Alteration of tumor growth by blockade of M(3) mAChR in a human SCLC cell line, NCI-H82, was investigated in the present study. We used a highly selective M(3) muscarinic antagonist, N-(2-[3-([3R]-1-(cyclohexylmethyl)-3-piperidinyl]methylamino)-3-oxopropyl]amino-2-oxoethyl)-3,3,3-triphenyl-propioamide (J-115311). Our results show that J-115311 inhibited the increased intracellular calcium elicited by carbachol, a muscarinic agonist, in SCLC cells. J-115311 also inhibited SCLC cell growth in vitro. In a mouse orthotopic xenograft model, J-115311 dose-dependently reduced tumor growth when NCI-H82 cells were inoculated into the upper left lobe of the lung. These findings indicate that blockade of M(3) mAChR can suppress tumor growth in SCLC, suggesting the potential therapeutic utility of M(3) muscarinic antagonists as anti-cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi Ami
- Department of Pharmacology, Tsukuba Research Institute, Banyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan.
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Li SJ, Ren GX, Jin WL, Guo W. Establishment and characterization of a rabbit oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line as a model for in vivo studies. Oral Oncol 2010; 47:39-44. [PMID: 21071263 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2010.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Revised: 10/05/2010] [Accepted: 10/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is increasing but the long-term survival rate remains low. An animal model would therefore be helpful for evaluation of new treatment modalities for oral SCC. Hamster is small animal, therefore, the cancer of hamster cheek pouch is not optimal for tumor imaging. The VX2 cell line has been used in many carcinoma-related studies, including oral SCC research, but it is derived from cutaneous tissue and not mucosa. We chemically induced tongue squamous cell carcinoma in rabbits and subsequently established a rabbit squamous cell line. The cells grew in multiple layers without contact inhibition for 60 passages over 2 years and were positive for cytokeratin (CK). Electron microscopy revealed that cells were polygonal with rich microvilli on the surface, and there were desmosomes between cells and bundles of tonofibril beside the cell membrane. The chromosome number ranged from 71 to 272, with a modal value of 145 (12.4%). The cells were transplantable into nude mice subcutaneously or rabbit submucosally and produced carcinomas in all the animals. The cell line should be a useful tool for the study of the biological characteristics of oral SCC, especially tongue SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-jiao Li
- The Ninth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, PR China
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Ganapathy A, Paterson IC, Prime SS, Eveson JW, Pring M, Price N, Threadgold SP, Davies M. TGF-β inhibits metastasis in late stage human squamous cell carcinoma of the skin by a mechanism that does not involve Id1. Cancer Lett 2010; 298:107-18. [PMID: 20663607 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2010.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2009] [Revised: 06/07/2010] [Accepted: 06/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
It is now generally accepted that TGF-β acts as a pro-metastatic factor in advanced human breast cancer. However, it is well documented, that TGF-β is context dependent, and whether the TGF-β pathway switches to promote metastasis during the progression of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is unknown. This study examined the role of TGF-β signalling in SCC using a series of genetically related keratinocyte cell lines representing later stages of the disease, stably transduced with a dominant negative TβRII cDNA (dnTβRII). We demonstrated that clones expressing dnTβRII lost their growth inhibitory response to TGF-βin vitro, while ligand expression remained unchanged. Following transplantation of transduced cells to athymic mice in vivo, we showed that attenuation of the TGF-β signal resulted in a loss of differentiation and increased metastasis. In human tissue samples loss of TGF-β signal transduction as measured by pSmad2 activity also correlated with a loss of differentiation. Id1, previously shown to be down regulated by TGF-β, an inhibitor of differentiation and associated with metastasis, was weakly expressed in focal areas of a small number of human tumours but expression did not correlate with low levels of pSmad2. Our data demonstrate that TGF-β does not switch to promote metastasis in late stage human SCC of the skin and that inhibition of TGF-β signalling results in a loss of differentiation and increased metastasis in the later stages of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Ganapathy
- Department of Oral and Dental Science, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 2LY, UK; Department of Clinical Sciences, South Bristol, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Establishment of a highly metastatic tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell line from New Zealand White rabbit. Arch Oral Biol 2008; 53:1084-90. [PMID: 18691699 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2008.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2008] [Revised: 05/04/2008] [Accepted: 06/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prior to this study, the widely used tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell lines could only initiate tumours in immunodeficient mice, which greatly delayed studies on immune function during carcinogenesis. This study established a new tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell line named 'RSCC-1', which can initiate tumours in both immunocompetent rabbits and immunodeficient nude mice and has high metastatic ability. DESIGN Primary tongue cancer was induced by DMBA and local mechanical stimulation in New Zealand White rabbits. The induced cancer was serially transplanted into homogeneous rabbits to establish transplanted models. At the same time, cancer samples were collected, cultured and passaged in vitro. Finally, a cell line named 'RSCC-1' was established. Its growth behaviour, cell cycle distribution and tumourigenicity in rabbits and nude mice were investigated. RESULTS RSCC-1 cells were cultured continuously in vitro for 19 months (165 passages). They contain between 54 and 196 chromosomes, with a modal number of 75. Tumourigenicity rates were 100% in both homogeneous rabbits and nude mice, with 20% lung metastasis and 50% cervical lymph node metastasis in homogeneous rabbits. CONCLUSION RSCC-1 is a poorly differentiated, highly malignant rabbit tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell line. Its behaviour in the inoculated animal model closely resembles human tongue cancer, and could metastasize to local lymph nodes and remote organs.
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DiBernardi L, Doré M, Davis JA, Owens JG, Mohammed SI, Guptill CF, Knapp DW. Study of feline oral squamous cell carcinoma: potential target for cyclooxygenase inhibitor treatment. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2007; 76:245-50. [PMID: 17383864 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2007.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2006] [Accepted: 01/26/2007] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is associated with high morbidity and mortality. A potential target for OSCC treatment is cyclooxygenase-2 (cox-2). Pet cats with naturally occurring OSCC may offer the opportunity to study anticancer activity of cox inhibitors. Cox-2 expression in feline OSCC was determined by immunohistochemistry. High intensity cox-2 immunoreactivity was detected in 6 of 34 (18%) feline OSCC samples. Weak immunoreactivity was noted in 22 OSCCs and in epithelial cells from oral mucosa of clinically normal cats. Pharmacokinetics of a cox inhibitor (piroxicam, 0.3 mg/kg) were studied in carcinoma-bearing cats to confirm a dose for follow-up trials. The average peak serum piroxicam concentration (948 ng/ml, which inhibited cox-2 activity) and serum half-life (15.9 h) were similar to that in normal cats. These results provide information (cox-2 expression as an inclusion criteria, 0.3 mg/kg daily piroxicam) for the design of follow-up trials of cox inhibitor treatment in pet cats with OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa DiBernardi
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2026, USA
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Jabbour MN, Matioli GT. Age dependent and cellular origin (stem versus progenitor) of a selected group of spontaneous brain tumors in humans. Med Hypotheses 2006; 67:1437-42. [PMID: 16824702 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2006.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2006] [Revised: 05/02/2006] [Accepted: 05/03/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The origin of spontaneous human brain tumors has been recently debated as originating from a stem rather than a progenitor cell. Based on the statistical distribution of a selected group of primary brain tumors, and on the clonality and field theory for cancer growth, we propose as plausible the contribution of progenitor cells in the origin of the most common brain tumors such as, pediatric, mixed (glial and neuronal), and the aggressive glioblastoma multiforme in adults. Operationally, stem cell is defined as having a renewal probability of p=1, a progenitor 0<p<1, and a terminally differentiated cell as p=0. The space-time field location (microenvironment, cell-cell interactions...) and mitotic potential of a cell limits the distinguishability between stem and progenitors, due to the interconvertibility of these states via the process of retrodifferentiation (dedifferentiation). If excessively iterated retrodifferentiation of a mitotically competent cell prompts such a cell to organize programs that are atypical vis-à-vis the standard ones. Regarding specifically malignant cells, aperiodic cycles of dedifferentiation favour emergence of subclonal populations whose anachronistic evolution might become idiosyncratically resistant to therapies previously efficient against the initial tumoral mass. Unfortunately the "ab initio" identification of such subclonal "drifters" is impaired by systematic uncertainties as quali-quantified in appendix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark N Jabbour
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2025 Zonal Avenue, RMR 424, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States.
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