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Mokhtari K, Peymani M, Rashidi M, Hushmandi K, Ghaedi K, Taheriazam A, Hashemi M. Colon cancer transcriptome. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 180-181:49-82. [PMID: 37059270 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Over the last four decades, methodological innovations have continuously changed transcriptome profiling. It is now feasible to sequence and quantify the transcriptional outputs of individual cells or thousands of samples using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). These transcriptomes serve as a connection between cellular behaviors and their underlying molecular mechanisms, such as mutations. This relationship, in the context of cancer, provides a chance to unravel tumor complexity and heterogeneity and uncover novel biomarkers or treatment options. Since colon cancer is one of the most frequent malignancies, its prognosis and diagnosis seem to be critical. The transcriptome technology is developing for an earlier and more accurate diagnosis of cancer which can provide better protectivity and prognostic utility to medical teams and patients. A transcriptome is a whole set of expressed coding and non-coding RNAs in an individual or cell population. The cancer transcriptome includes RNA-based changes. The combined genome and transcriptome of a patient may provide a comprehensive picture of their cancer, and this information is beginning to affect treatment decision-making in real-time. A full assessment of the transcriptome of colon (colorectal) cancer has been assessed in this review paper based on risk factors such as age, obesity, gender, alcohol use, race, and also different stages of cancer, as well as non-coding RNAs like circRNAs, miRNAs, lncRNAs, and siRNAs. Similarly, they have been examined independently in the transcriptome study of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khatere Mokhtari
- Department of Modern Biology, ACECR Institute of Higher Education (Isfahan Branch), Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Peymani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Rashidi
- Department Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, 4815733971, Iran; The Health of Plant and Livestock Products Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, 4815733971, Iran
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamran Ghaedi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Afshin Taheriazam
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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LI K, YUAN D, CHEN W, MA R, XIAN Y. (S)-(-)-N-[2-(3-Hydroxy-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-3-yl)-ethyl]-acetamide inhibits colon cancer growth via the STAT1 pathway. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.49121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kang LI
- Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | | | - Wei CHEN
- Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Rulan MA
- Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
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Gao B, Zhao L, Wang F, Bai H, Li J, Li M, Hu X, Cao J, Wang G. Knockdown of ISOC1 inhibits the proliferation and migration and induces the apoptosis of colon cancer cells through the AKT/GSK-3β pathway. Carcinogenesis 2021; 41:1123-1133. [PMID: 31740942 PMCID: PMC7422624 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Isochorismatase domain-containing 1 (ISOC1) is a coding gene that contains an isochorismatase domain. The precise functions of ISOC1 in humans have not been clarified; however, studies have speculated that it may be involved in unknown metabolic pathways. Currently, it is reported that ISOC1 is associated with breast cancer. In this research, the aim is to investigate the critical role of ISOC1 in colorectal cancer (CRC) and to explore its biological function and mechanism in colon cancer cells. In 106 paired clinical samples, we found that the levels of ISOC1 expression were widely increased in cancer tissues compared with matched adjacent non-tumor tissues and that increased expression of ISOC1 was significantly associated with tumor size, tumor invasion, local lymph node metastasis and Tumor, Node and Metastasis (TNM) stage. Moreover, higher expression levels of ISOC1 were correlated with shorter disease-free survival in patients 2 years after surgery. In vitro, ISOC1 knockdown inhibited the proliferation and migration and induced the apoptosis of colon cancer cells, and in vivo, the xenograft tumors were also inhibited by ISOC1 silencing. We also used MTS, Transwell and cell apoptosis assays to confirm that ISOC1 plays a critical role in regulating the biological functions of colon cancer cells through the AKT/GSK-3β pathway. Additionally, the results of confocal microscopy and western blot analysis indicated that ISOC1 knockdown could promote p-STAT1 translocation to the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Gao
- The Second General Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lianmei Zhao
- Scientific Research Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Feifei Wang
- The Second General Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hanyu Bai
- Scientific Research Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jing Li
- The Second General Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Meng Li
- The Second General Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xuhua Hu
- The Second General Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jian Cao
- The Second General Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Guiying Wang
- The Second General Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Department of General Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Xie S, Zhang Y, Peng T, Guo J, Cao Y, Guo J, Shi X, Li Y, Liu Y, Qi S, Wang H. TMEFF2 promoter hypermethylation is an unfavorable prognostic marker in gliomas. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:148. [PMID: 33663520 PMCID: PMC7931334 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01818-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transmembrane protein with EGF-like and two follistatin-like domains 2 (TMEFF2) is a transmembrane protein in the tomoregulin family. Little research has been performed to determine whether TMEFF2 methylation is a prognostic marker in adult diffuse gliomas. METHODS In this study, we investigated TMEFF2 expression in surgical glioma tissue samples. In addition, we conducted bisulfite amplicon sequencing (BSAS) and methylation-specific PCR (MSP) to evaluate TMEFF2 methylation in glioblastoma (GBM) cells. Subsequently, we investigated the biological function of TMEFF2 in GBM cells. Moreover, we explored the prognostic significance of TMEFF2 in gliomas by analysing a cohort dataset from TCGA. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry analysis of 75 paired glioma tumour and peritumoural tissues demonstrated that glioma tumour tissues expressed lower TMEFF2 levels than peritumoural tissues (P < 0.001). TMEFF2 promoter methylation levels were increased in glioblastoma cells compared with SVG p12 cells (P < 0.001). Inhibition of methylation reduced TMEFF2 methylation and increased its expression in LN229 and T98G cells (P < 0.05). Knockdown of TMEFF2 expression significantly promoted the proliferation of U87MG cells and primary GBM cells (P < 0.05). TMEFF2 methylation is negatively associated with IDH1, ATRX and TP53 mutations, and the subtype of glioma harbouring combined IDH1/ATRX/TP53 mutations was associated with low TMEFF2 methylation levels. Survival analysis confirmed that low TMEFF2 methylation levels are associated with good prognosis in glioma patients. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that TMEFF2 DNA methylation might be associated with glioma tumour progression and could serve as a valuable prognostic marker for adult diffuse gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidi Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Glioma Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunxiao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Glioma Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinglin Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Glioma Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongfu Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Guo
- Epilepsy Center, Guangdong Sanjiu Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Longgang Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518116, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaqin Li
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yawei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Glioma Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Songtao Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Glioma Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China. .,Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hai Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Glioma Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China. .,Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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Masood M, Grimm S, El-Bahrawy M, Yagüe E. TMEFF2: A Transmembrane Proteoglycan with Multifaceted Actions in Cancer and Disease. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123862. [PMID: 33371267 PMCID: PMC7766544 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary We recently came across an intriguing protein while screening for tumour-specific apoptosis inducers. It is known as the transmembrane protein with an EGF-like and two Follistatin-like domains 2 (TMEFF2). The gene was identified and characterized by five different groups almost simultaneously around 2000. Physiological function of TMEFF2 is elusive; however, the protein is reported to be involved in wide-ranging physiological and pathological functions including neuroprotection in Alzheimer’s diseases, interferon induction and one-carbon metabolism. Moreover, the TMEFF2 promoter and 5′-upstream regions harbour a CpG island which is progressively methylated upon progression in a wide variety of cancers. Numerous primary publications suggest the methylation of TMEFF2 as a prognostic and even diagnostic marker in different cancers. The primary literature regarding TMEFF2 is distributed far and wide, and despite having more than 150 primary publications mentioning TMEFF2 (or its aliases) in the title or abstract on PubMed, a comprehensive literature review is not available. We believe the reason behind this is firstly the sheer diversity of subjects of these publications and secondly the numerous primary publications reporting contradictory information about TMEFF2, especially when it comes to its oncogenic versus the onco-suppressive roles. The interest in TMEFF2 is growing again; PubMed returning at least 60 publications mentioning TMEFF2 (or its aliases) within the last year. We have made a laborious effort and written a comprehensive review article on TMEFF2 where we have not only compiled and contextualized the information regarding it but also critically analysed the information in the major primary publications. In addition, we have proposed some answers to the apparent TMEFF2 disagreements on its function. This information could serve as a valuable tool for readers not only about TMEFF2 but also on the dual role of type-I transmembrane proteoglycans (harbouring Follistatin-like domains) in oncogenesis and onco-suppression. Abstract Transmembrane protein with an EGF-like and two Follistatin-like domains 2 (TMEFF2) is a 374-residue long type-I transmembrane proteoglycan which is proteolytically shed from the cell surface. The protein is involved in a range of functions including metabolism, neuroprotection, apoptosis, embryonic development, onco-suppression and endocrine function. TMEFF2 is methylated in numerous cancers, and an inverse correlation with the stage, response to therapy and survival outcome has been observed. Moreover, TMEFF2 methylation increases with breast, colon and gastric cancer progression. TMEFF2 is methylated early during oncogenesis in breast and colorectal cancer, and the detection of methylated free-circulating TMEFF2 DNA has been suggested as a potential diagnostic tool. The TMEFF2 downregulation signature equals and sometimes outperforms the Gleason and pathological scores in prostate cancer. TMEFF2 is downregulated in glioma and cotricotropinomas, and it impairs the production of adrenocorticotropic hormone in glioma cells. Interestingly, through binding the amyloid β protein, its precursor and derivatives, TMEFF2 provides neuroprotection in Alzheimer’s disease. Despite undergoing extensive investigation over the last two decades, the primary literature regarding TMEFF2 is incoherent and offers conflicting information, in particular, the oncogenic vs. onco-suppressive role of TMEFF2 in prostate cancer. For the first time, we have compiled, contextualised and critically analysed the vast body of TMEFF2-related literature and answered the apparent discrepancies regarding its function, tissue expression, intracellular localization and oncogenic vs. onco-suppressive role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motasim Masood
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK;
| | - Stefan Grimm
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK;
| | - Mona El-Bahrawy
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
- Correspondence: (M.E.-B.); (E.Y.); Tel.: +44-(0)77-7157-4968 (M.E.B.); +44-(0)20-7594-2802 (E.Y.)
| | - Ernesto Yagüe
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK;
- Correspondence: (M.E.-B.); (E.Y.); Tel.: +44-(0)77-7157-4968 (M.E.B.); +44-(0)20-7594-2802 (E.Y.)
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Elahi A, Ajidahun A, Hendrick L, Getun I, Humphries LA, Hernandez J, Shibata D. HPP1 Ectodomain Shedding is Mediated by ADAM17 and is Necessary for Tumor Suppression in Colon Cancer. J Surg Res 2020; 254:183-190. [PMID: 32450419 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperplastic polyposis protein 1 (HPP1) encodes a tumor-suppressive transmembrane cleavable epidermal growth factor-like ligand. It is unclear as to whether cleavage and shedding of HPP1 are essential steps in achieving its tumor suppressive properties. ADAM proteins are key players in cellular ectodomain shedding processes with ADAM17 being well characterized and representing the most likely sheddase for HPP1. In this study, we explore the mechanisms and importance of ectodomain shedding in contributing to HPP1-mediated tumor suppression. METHODS Baseline characterization of HPP1 ectodomain shedding and ADAM family member expression was performed in HCT116 colon cancer cells with forced overexpression of HPP1 and controls. Subsequent impact of attenuation of ADAM expression by short interfering RNA on HPP1 shedding was evaluated. Furthermore, we examined the functional impact of an uncleavable HPP1 mutant construct (HPP1-Δstalk) generated by site-directed mutagenesis. Cellular growth potential functions were analyzed by MTT and soft agar assays. RESULTS Select proinflammatory cytokines enhanced HPP1 ectodomain shedding, whereas short interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of ADAM17 resulted in abrogation of HPP1 ectodomain shedding. ADAM17 knockdown concomitantly resulted in increased cell proliferation and anchorage-independent growth. HPP1-Δstalk-transfected cells exhibited significantly higher proliferation and reduced STAT1 activation relative to full-length HPP1, further suggesting a critical role for ectodomain shedding in HPP1-mediated tumor suppression. CONCLUSION The tumor-suppressive properties of HPP1 in colorectal cancer require cleavage and shedding of its ectodomain which in turn are mediated by ADAM17. Further investigations into the regulation of HPP1 may lead to a greater understanding of epidermal growth factor-like ligand family biology and potential novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abul Elahi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida; Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Abidemi Ajidahun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida; Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Leah Hendrick
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Irina Getun
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Leigh Ann Humphries
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | | | - David Shibata
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida; Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee.
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Chen K, He X, Li C, Ou Y, Li Y, Lai J, Lv M, Li X, Ran P, Li Y. Lysergic acid diethylamide causes mouse retinal damage by up-regulating p-JAK1/p-STAT1. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2020; 39:106-110. [PMID: 32064962 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2020.1730883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is a powerful hallucinogen with high potential for abuse. There is far less known about its effects on the retina, especially the underlying mechanisms. This study was to investigate the acute toxicity of LSD on the retina of C57 mice and its mechanisms of action.Methods: C57 mice were treated with LSD at progressively increasing doses (0.2-1.2 mg/kg) intraperitoneally two times daily for 5 days, mice treated with saline served as negative control. Electroretinography (ERG) was used to test the function of the retina. Toluidine blue staining was used to detect the morphology of the retina. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the apoptosis-related factors. Real-time PCR and western blot techniques were used to measure expression changes of genes and proteins, respectively.Results: LSD treatment caused retinal damage, as shown by a decrease in ERG response and the loss of photoreceptor cells. LSD treatment also increased apoptosis through up-regulating the expression of p-JAK1/p-STAT1.Conclusions: Our study indicated that intraperitoneal administration of LSD-induced retinal damage of C57 mice, at least partially through regulating the JAK/STAT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, 958 Army Hospital, ChongQin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyu He
- Department of Ophthalmology, 958 Army Hospital, ChongQin, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, 958 Army Hospital, ChongQin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangjin Ou
- Department of Ophthalmology, 958 Army Hospital, ChongQin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiru Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, 958 Army Hospital, ChongQin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Lai
- Department of Ophthalmology, 958 Army Hospital, ChongQin, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Lv
- Department of Ophthalmology, 958 Army Hospital, ChongQin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuqing Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, 958 Army Hospital, ChongQin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Ran
- Department of Ophthalmology, 958 Army Hospital, ChongQin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, 958 Army Hospital, ChongQin, People's Republic of China
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Mo HY, Jo YS, Yoo NJ, Kim MS, Song SY, Lee SH. Frameshift mutation of candidate tumor suppressor genes QK1 and TMEFF2 in gastric and colorectal cancers. Cancer Biomark 2019; 24:1-6. [PMID: 30614793 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-160559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both QKI and TMEFF2 genes are considered putative tumor suppressor genes (TSGs). In gastric (GC) and colorectal (CRC) cancers, downregulation of their expressions is known to be frequent. However, QKI and TMEFF2 mutations that could potentially inactivate their functions are not reported in cancers. METHODS In a genome database, we observed that both QKI and TMEFF2 harbor mononucleotide repeats, which could be mutated in cancers with high microsatellite instability (MSI-H). For this, we studied 79 GCs and 124 CRCs for the mutations and their intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH). RESULTS Six of 34 GCs (17.6%) and 10 of 79 CRCs (12.7%) with MSI-H exhibited QKI frameshift mutations while five of 79 CRCs (6.3%) with high MSI (MSI-H) exhibited TMEFF2 frameshift mutations. However, we found no such mutation in microsatellite stable/low MSI (MSS/MSI-L) cancers within the mononucleotide repeats. We also studied ITH for the detected frameshift mutations in 16 cases of CRCs and detected that QKI and TMEFF2 frameshift mutations showed regional ITH in 2 (12.5%) and 1 (6.3%) cases, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that candidate TSG genes QKI and TMEFF2 harbor mutational ITH as well as the frameshift mutations in GC and CRC with MSI-H. From this observation, frameshift mutations of QKI and TMEFF2 may play a role in tumorigenesis through their TSG inactivation in GC and CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Yoon Mo
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun Sol Jo
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nam Jin Yoo
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Sung Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Yong Song
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sug Hyung Lee
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Chen E, Zheng F, Yuan X, Ye Y, Li X, Dai Y, Chen L. The effect of TMEFF2 methylation on the tumor stage and survival outcome of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Biomark 2017; 19:207-212. [PMID: 28128743 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-161656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Enjing Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Fufu Zheng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Xiaoxu Yuan
- Department of Urology, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529030, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Yunlin Ye
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Yuping Dai
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Lingwu Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
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Herbst A, Vdovin N, Gacesa S, Ofner A, Philipp A, Nagel D, Holdt LM, Op den Winkel M, Heinemann V, Stieber P, Graeven U, Reinacher-Schick A, Arnold D, Ricard I, Mansmann U, Hegewisch-Becker S, Kolligs FT. Methylated free-circulating HPP1 DNA is an early response marker in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Int J Cancer 2017; 140:2134-2144. [PMID: 28124380 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Detection of methylated free-circulating DNA (mfcDNA) for hyperplastic polyposis 1 (HPP1) in blood is correlated with a poor prognosis for patients with metastatic colorectal cancers (mCRC). Here, we analyzed the plasma levels of HPP1 mfcDNA in mCRC patients treated with a combination therapy containing a fluoropyrimidine, oxaliplatin and bevacizumab to test whether HPP1 mfcDNA is a suitable prognostic and response biomarker. From 467 patients of the prospective clinical study AIO-KRK-0207, mfcDNA was isolated from plasma samples at different time points and bisulfite-treated mfcDNA was quantified using methylation specific PCR. About 337 of 467 patients had detectable levels for HPP1 mfcDNA before start of treatment. The detection was significantly correlated with poorer overall survival (OS) (HR = 1.86; 95%CI 1.37-2.53). About 2-3 weeks after the first administration of combination chemotherapy, HPP1 mfcDNA was reduced to non-detectable levels in 167 of 337 patients. These patients showed a better OS compared with patients with continued detection of HPP1 mfcDNA (HR HPP1(sample 1: pos/ sample 2: neg) vs. HPP1(neg/neg) = 1.41; 95%CI 1.00-2.01, HPP1(neg,pos/pos) vs. HPP1(neg/neg) = 2.60; 95%CI 1.86-3.64). Receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated that HPP1 mfcDNA discriminates well between patients who do (not) respond to therapy according to the radiological staging after 12 or 24 weeks (AUC = 0.77 or 0.71, respectively). Detection of HPP1 mfcDNA can be used as a prognostic marker and an early marker for response (as early as 3-4 weeks after start of treatment compared with radiological staging after 12 or 24 weeks) to identify patients who will likely benefit from a combination chemotherapy with bevacizumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Herbst
- Department of Medicine II, University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nikolay Vdovin
- Department of Medicine II, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sanja Gacesa
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Ofner
- Department of Medicine II, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Dorothea Nagel
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lesca M Holdt
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Volker Heinemann
- Department of Medicine III and The Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Petra Stieber
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ullrich Graeven
- Medizinische Klinik I, Kliniken Maria-Hilf GmbH, Mönchengladbach, Germany
| | - Anke Reinacher-Schick
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ruhr-University of Bochum, St. Josef Hospital, Bochum, Germany
| | - Dirk Arnold
- Instituto CUF de Oncologia (I.C.O.), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ingrid Ricard
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrich Mansmann
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Frank T Kolligs
- Department of Medicine II, University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,HELIOS Klinikum Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany
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11
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Corbin JM, Overcash RF, Wren JD, Coburn A, Tipton GJ, Ezzell JA, McNaughton KK, Fung KM, Kosanke SD, Ruiz-Echevarria MJ. Analysis of TMEFF2 allografts and transgenic mouse models reveals roles in prostate regeneration and cancer. Prostate 2016; 76:97-113. [PMID: 26417683 PMCID: PMC4722803 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous results from our lab indicate a tumor suppressor role for the transmembrane protein with epidermal growth factor and two follistatin motifs 2 (TMEFF2) in prostate cancer (PCa). Here, we further characterize this role and uncover new functions for TMEFF2 in cancer and adult prostate regeneration. METHODS The role of TMEFF2 was examined in PCa cells using Matrigel(TM) cultures and allograft models of PCa cells. In addition, we developed a transgenic mouse model that expresses TMEFF2 from a prostate specific promoter. Anatomical, histological, and metabolic characterizations of the transgenic mouse prostate were conducted. The effect of TMEFF2 in prostate regeneration was studied by analyzing branching morphogenesis in the TMEFF2-expressing mouse lobes and alterations in branching morphogenesis were correlated with the metabolomic profiles of the mouse lobes. The role of TMEFF2 in prostate tumorigenesis in whole animals was investigated by crossing the TMEFF2 transgenic mice with the TRAMP mouse model of PCa and analyzing the histopathological changes in the progeny. RESULTS Ectopic expression of TMEFF2 impairs growth of PCa cells in Matrigel or allograft models. Surprisingly, while TMEFF2 expression in the TRAMP mouse did not have a significant effect on the glandular prostate epithelial lesions, the double TRAMP/TMEFF2 transgenic mice displayed an increased incidence of neuroendocrine type tumors. In addition, TMEFF2 promoted increased branching specifically in the dorsal lobe of the prostate suggesting a potential role in developmental processes. These results correlated with data indicating an alteration in the metabolic profile of the dorsal lobe of the transgenic TMEFF2 mice. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our results confirm the tumor suppressor role of TMEFF2 and suggest that ectopic expression of TMEFF2 in mouse prostate leads to additional lobe-specific effects in prostate regeneration and tumorigenesis. This points to a complex and multifunctional role for TMEFF2 during PCa progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- JM. Corbin
- Department of Pathology, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center. Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - RF. Overcash
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - JD. Wren
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program. Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation. Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - A. Coburn
- Department of Comparative Medicine. East Carolina University. Greenville, NC, USA
| | - GJ. Tipton
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - JA. Ezzell
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - KK. McNaughton
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - KM Fung
- Department of Pathology, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center. Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Pathology, Oklahoma City Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - SD. Kosanke
- Department of Pathology, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center. Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - MJ Ruiz-Echevarria
- Department of Pathology, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center. Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center. Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Correspondence to: MJ. Ruiz-Echevarria, Associate Professor of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Stanton L. Young Biomedical Research Center, 975 N.E. 10th Street, Room 1368A, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104. Phone: (405) 271.1871; Fax: (405) 271.2141.
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12
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Hernandez JM, Elahi A, Clark W, Humphries LA, Wang J, Achille A, Seto E, Shibata D. The Tumor Suppressive Effects of HPP1 Are Mediated Through JAK-STAT-Interferon Signaling Pathways. DNA Cell Biol 2015; 34:541-9. [PMID: 26061044 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2014.2730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
HPP1, a novel tumor suppressive epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like ligand, mediates its effects through signal transducer and activators of transcription (STAT) activation. We previously demonstrated the importance of STAT1 activation for HPP1 function; however the contribution of STAT2 remains unclear. We sought to delineate the components of JAK-STAT-interferon (IFN) signaling specifically associated with HPP1s biological effects. Using stable HPP1-HCT116 transfectants, expression analyses were performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)/western blotting while expression knockdowns were achieved using siRNA. Growth parameters evaluated included proliferation, cell cycle distribution, and anchorage-independent growth. STAT dimerization, translocation, and DNA binding were examined by reporter assays, fluorescent microscopy, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), respectively. Forced expression of HPP1 in colon cancer cell lines results in the upregulation of total and activated levels of STAT2. We have also determined that JAK1 and JAK2 are activated in response to HPP1 overexpression, and are necessary for subsequent STAT activation. Overexpression of HPP1 was associated with significant increases in STAT1:STAT1 (p=0.007) and STAT1:STAT2 (p=0.036) dimer formation, as well as subsequent nuclear translocation. By ChIP, binding of activated STAT1 and STAT2 to the interferon-signaling regulatory element promoter sites of the selected genes, protein kinase RNA-activated (PKR), IFI44, and OAS1 was demonstrated. STAT2 knockdown resulted in partial abrogation of HPP1s growth suppressive activity with increased proliferation (p<0.0001), reduced G1/G0 phase cell cycle fraction, and a restoration of growth potential in soft agar (p<0.01). Presumably as a consequence of upregulation of IFN signaling elements, HPP1 overexpression resulted in an acquisition of exogenous IFN sensitivity. Physiologic doses of IFN-α resulted in a significant reduction in proliferation (p<0.001) and increase in G1/G0 cell cycle arrest in HPP1 transfectants. STAT2 is necessary for HPP1-associated growth suppression, and mediates these effects through activation of IFN-α pathways. Given the interest in therapeutic targeting of oncogenic erbB proteins, further understanding of HPP1s role as a tumor suppressive EGF-like ligand is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Hernandez
- 1 Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center , Tampa, Florida
| | - Abul Elahi
- 1 Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center , Tampa, Florida
| | - Whalen Clark
- 1 Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center , Tampa, Florida
| | - Leigh Ann Humphries
- 1 Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center , Tampa, Florida
| | - Jian Wang
- 1 Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center , Tampa, Florida
| | - Alex Achille
- 2 Department of Molecular Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center , Tampa, Florida
| | - Ed Seto
- 2 Department of Molecular Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center , Tampa, Florida
| | - David Shibata
- 1 Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center , Tampa, Florida
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13
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Labeur M, Wölfel B, Stalla J, Stalla GK. TMEFF2 is an endogenous inhibitor of the CRH signal transduction pathway. J Mol Endocrinol 2015; 54:51-63. [PMID: 25573902 DOI: 10.1530/jme-14-0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
TMEFF2 is a transmembrane protein with unknown function, containing an altered epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like motif, two follistatin-like domains, and a cytosolic tail with a putative G-protein-activating motif. TMEFF2 is predominantly expressed in brain and prostate and has been implicated in cell signaling, neuronal cell survival, and tumor suppression. We found that expression of TMEFF2 in pituitary corticotrope cells inhibits the effects of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) on the production of intracellular cAMP, and CREB, and transcription of Pomc. Regulation of the activity of CRH by TMEFF2 requires neither the cytoplasmic tail nor the EGF domain, while deletion of the follistatin modules abolishes the inhibitory function of TMEFF2. Moreover, a soluble secreted protein containing the complete extracellular domain is sufficient for inhibition of CRH signaling. TMEFF2-induced inhibition depends on serum components. Furthermore, TMEFF2 regulates the non-canonical activin/BMP4 signaling, PI3K, and Ras/ERK1/2 pathways. Thus, TMEFF2 inhibits the CRH signaling pathway and the PI3K/AKT and Ras/ERK1/2 pathways, contributing to a significant inhibition of transcription of Pomc. We found that expression of TMEFF2 in human Cushing's adenoma is reduced when compared with normal human pituitary, which may indicate that TMEFF2 acts as a tumor suppressor in these adenomas. Furthermore, the overexpression of TMEFF2 decreased proliferation of corticotrope cells. Our results indicate a potential therapeutic use of TMEFF2 or factors that stimulate the activity of TMEFF2 for the treatment of corticotrope tumors in order to reduce their secretion of ACTH and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Labeur
- Department of NeuroendocrinologyMax Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara Wölfel
- Department of NeuroendocrinologyMax Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Johanna Stalla
- Department of NeuroendocrinologyMax Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Günter K Stalla
- Department of NeuroendocrinologyMax Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
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14
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Sun TT, Tang JY, Du W, Zhao HJ, Zhao G, Yang SL, Chen HY, Hong J, Fang JY. Bidirectional regulation between TMEFF2 and STAT3 may contribute to Helicobacter pylori-associated gastric carcinogenesis. Int J Cancer 2014; 136:1053-64. [PMID: 24996057 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The transmembrane protein with epidermal growth factor and two follistatin motifs 2 (TMEFF2) is a single-pass transmembrane protein, and it is downregulated in human gastric cancer and levels correlate with tumor progression and time of survival. However, the mechanism of its dysregulation in gastric cancer is little known. Here we investigate its regulatory mechanism and the bidirectional regulation between TMEFF2 and STAT3 in gastric carcinogenesis. TMEFF2 expression was decreased after Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in vivo and in vitro. STAT3 directly binds to the promoter of TMEFF2 and regulates H. pylori-induced TMEFF2 downregulation in normal gastric GES-1 cells and gastric cancer AGS cells. Conversely, TMEFF2 may suppress the phosphorylation of STAT3 and TMEFF2-induced downregulation of STAT3 phosphorylation may depend on SHP-1. A highly inverse correlation between the expression of TMEFF2 and pSTAT3 was also revealed in gastric tissues. We now show the deregulation mechanism of TMEFF2 in gastric carcinogenesis and identify TMEFF2 as a new target gene of STAT3. The phosphorylation of STAT3 may be negatively regulated by TMEFF2, and the bidirectional regulation between TMEFF2 and STAT3 may contribute to H. pylori-associated gastric carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Tian Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, 200001, China
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15
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Sun T, Du W, Xiong H, Yu Y, Weng Y, Ren L, Zhao H, Wang Y, Chen Y, Xu J, Xiang Y, Qin W, Cao W, Zou W, Chen H, Hong J, Fang JY. TMEFF2 deregulation contributes to gastric carcinogenesis and indicates poor survival outcome. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:4689-704. [PMID: 24987055 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-0315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The role and clinical implication of the transmembrane protein with EGF and two follistatin motifs 2 (TMEFF2) in gastric cancer is poorly understood. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Gene expression profile analyses were performed and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was used to explore its gene signatures. AGS and MKN45 cells were transfected with TMEFF2 or control plasmids and analyzed for gene expression patterns, proliferation, and apoptosis. TMEFF2 expression was knocked down with shRNAs, and the effects on genome stability were assessed. Interactions between TMEFF2 and SHP-1 were determined by mass spectrometry and immunoprecipitation assays. RESULTS Integrated analysis revealed that TMEFF2 expression was significantly decreased in gastric cancer cases and its expression was negatively correlated with the poor pathologic stage, large tumor size, and poor prognosis. GSEA in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Jilin datasets revealed that cell proliferation, apoptosis, and DNA damage-related genes were enriched in TMEFF2 lower expression patients. Gain of TMEFF2 function decreased cell proliferation by increasing of apoptosis and blocking of cell cycle in gastric cancer cells. The protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 was identified as a binding partner of TMEEF2 and mediator of TMEFF2 function. TMEFF2 expression positively correlated with SHP-1, and a favorable prognosis was more likely in patients with gastric cancer with higher levels of both TMEFF2 and SHP-1. CONCLUSION TMEFF2 acts as a tumor suppressor in gastric cancer through direct interaction with SHP-1 and can be a potential biomarker of carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Wan Du
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Xiong
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanan Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Yurong Weng
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Linlin Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Huijun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingxuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongbing Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenxin Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Weibiao Cao
- Department of Pathology and Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Weiping Zou
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Haoyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jie Hong
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China. Department of Pathology and Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island.
| | - Jing-Yuan Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China.
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16
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Wang J, Elahi A, Ajidahun A, Clark W, Hernandez J, Achille A, Hao JH, Seto E, Shibata D. The interplay between histone deacetylases and c-Myc in the transcriptional suppression of HPP1 in colon cancer. Cancer Biol Ther 2014; 15:1198-207. [PMID: 24919179 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.29500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
HPP1 (hyperplastic polyposis protein 1), a tumor suppressor gene, is downregulated by promoter hypermethylation in a number of tumor types including colon cancer. c-Myc is also known to play a role in the suppression of HPP1 expression via binding to a promoter region cognate E-box site. The contribution of histone deacetylation as an additional epigenetic mechanism and its potential interplay with c-Myc in the transcriptional regulation of HPP1 are unknown. We have shown that the treatment of the HPP1-non-expressing colon cancer cell lines, HCT116 and DLD-1 with HDAC inhibitors results in re-expression of HPP1. RNAi-mediated knockdown of c-Myc as well as of HDAC2 and HDAC3 in HCT116 and of HDAC1 and HDAC3 in DLD-1 also resulted in significant re-expression of HPP1. Co-immunoprecipitation (IP), chromatin IP (ChIP), and sequential ChIP experiments demonstrated binding of c-Myc to the HPP1 promoter with recruitment of and direct interaction with HDAC3. In summary, we have demonstrated that c-Myc contributes to the epigenetic regulation of HPP1 via the dominant recruitment of HDAC3. Our findings may lead to a greater biologic understanding for the application of targeted use of HDAC inhibitors for anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology; H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute; Tampa, FL USA; Department of Pancreatic Oncology; Cancer Institute and Hospital of Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin, PR China
| | - Abul Elahi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology; H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute; Tampa, FL USA
| | - Abidemi Ajidahun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology; H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute; Tampa, FL USA
| | - Whalen Clark
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology; H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute; Tampa, FL USA
| | - Jonathan Hernandez
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology; H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute; Tampa, FL USA
| | - Alex Achille
- Department of Molecular Oncology; H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute; Tampa, FL USA
| | - Ji-hui Hao
- Department of Pancreatic Oncology; Cancer Institute and Hospital of Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin, PR China
| | - Edward Seto
- Department of Molecular Oncology; H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute; Tampa, FL USA
| | - David Shibata
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology; H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute; Tampa, FL USA
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17
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Philipp AB, Nagel D, Stieber P, Lamerz R, Thalhammer I, Herbst A, Kolligs FT. Circulating cell-free methylated DNA and lactate dehydrogenase release in colorectal cancer. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:245. [PMID: 24708595 PMCID: PMC4021086 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypermethylation of DNA is an epigenetic alteration commonly found in colorectal cancer (CRC) and can also be detected in blood samples of cancer patients. Methylation of the genes helicase-like transcription factor (HLTF) and hyperplastic polyposis 1 (HPP1) have been proposed as prognostic, and neurogenin 1 (NEUROG1) as diagnostic biomarker. However the underlying mechanisms leading to the release of these genes are unclear. This study aimed at examining the possible correlation of the presence of methylated genes NEUROG1, HLTF and HPP1 in serum with tissue breakdown as a possible mechanism using serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) as a surrogate marker. Additionally the prognostic impact of these markers was examined. Methods Pretherapeutic serum samples from 259 patients from all cancer stages were analyzed. Presence of hypermethylation of the genes HLTF, HPP1, and NEUROG1 was examined using methylation-specific quantitative PCR (MethyLight). LDH was determined using an UV kinetic test. Results Hypermethylation of HLTF and HPP1 was detected significantly more often in patients with elevated LDH levels (32% vs. 12% [p = 0.0005], and 68% vs. 11% [p < 0.0001], respectively). Also, higher LDH values correlated with a higher percentage of a fully methylated reference in a linear fashion (Spearman correlation coefficient 0.18 for HLTF [p = 0.004]; 0.49 [p < .0001] for HPP1). No correlation between methylation of NEUROG1 and LDH was found in this study. Concerning the clinical characteristics, high levels of LDH as well as methylation of HLTF and HPP1 were significantly associated with larger and more advanced stages of CRC. Accordingly, these three markers were correlated with significantly shorter survival in the overall population. Moreover, all three identified patients with a worse prognosis in the subgroup of stage IV patients. Conclusions We were able to provide evidence that methylation of HLTF and especially HPP1 detected in serum is strongly correlated with cell death in CRC using LDH as surrogate marker. Additionally, we found that prognostic information is given by both HLTF and HPP1 as well as LDH. In sum, determining the methylation of HLTF and HPP1 in serum might be useful in order to identify patients with more aggressive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Frank T Kolligs
- Department of Medicine II, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Marchioninistr, 15, 81377 Munich, Germany.
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Green T, Chen X, Ryan S, Asch AS, Ruiz-Echevarría MJ. TMEFF2 and SARDH cooperate to modulate one-carbon metabolism and invasion of prostate cancer cells. Prostate 2013; 73:1561-75. [PMID: 23824605 PMCID: PMC3878307 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transmembrane protein with epidermal growth factor and two follistatin motifs, TMEFF2, has been implicated in prostate cancer but its role in this disease is unclear. We recently demonstrated that the tumor suppressor role of TMEFF2 correlates, in part, with its ability to interact with sarcosine dehydrogenase (SARDH) and modulate sarcosine level. TMEFF2 overexpression inhibits sarcosine-induced invasion. Here, we further characterize the functional interaction between TMEFF2 and SARDH and their link with one-carbon (1-C) metabolism and invasion. METHODS RNA interference was used to study the effect of SARDH and/or TMEFF2 knockdown (KD) in invasion, evaluated using Boyden chambers. The dependence of invasion on 1-C metabolism was determined by examining sensitivity to methotrexate. Real-time PCR and Western blot of subcellular fractions were used to study the effect of SARDH KD or TMEFF2 KD on expression of enzymes involved in one-carbon (1-C) metabolism and on TMEFF2 expression and localization. Protein interactions were analyzed by mass spectrometry. Cell viability and proliferation were measured by cell counting and MTT analysis. RESULTS While knocking down SARDH affects TMEFF2 subcellular localization, this effect is not responsible for the increased invasion observed in SARDH KD cells. Importantly, SARDH and/or TMEFF2 KD promote increased cellular invasion, sensitize the cell to methotrexate, render the cell resistant to invasion induced by sarcosine, a metabolite from the folate-mediated 1-C metabolism pathway, and affect the expression level of enzymes involved in that pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our findings define a role for TMEFF2 and the folate-mediated 1-C metabolism pathway in modulating cellular invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Green
- Department of Oncology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Xiaofei Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, USA
| | - Stephen Ryan
- Department of Oncology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Adam S. Asch
- Department of Oncology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Maria J. Ruiz-Echevarría
- Department of Oncology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
- Correspondence: , Phone: 252-744.2856, Fax: 252-744.3418
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Hernandez JM, Elahi A, Clark CW, Wang J, Humphries LA, Centeno B, Bloom G, Fuchs BC, Yeatman T, Shibata D. miR-675 Mediates Downregulation of Twist1 and Rb in AFP-Secreting Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2013; 20 Suppl 3:S625-35. [DOI: 10.1245/s10434-013-3106-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Torrecilla D, Lozano MV, Lallana E, Neissa JI, Novoa-Carballal R, Vidal A, Fernandez-Megia E, Torres D, Riguera R, Alonso MJ, Dominguez F. Anti-tumor efficacy of chitosan-g-poly(ethylene glycol) nanocapsules containing docetaxel: Anti-TMEFF-2 functionalized nanocapsules vs. non-functionalized nanocapsules. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2013; 83:330-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2012.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Revised: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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21
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Lee SM, Park JY, Kim DS. Methylation of TMEFF2 gene in tissue and serum DNA from patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Mol Cells 2012; 34:171-6. [PMID: 22814847 PMCID: PMC3887809 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-012-0083-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer remains a global health problem with a high mortality rate. CpG island methylation is a common aberration frequently associated with gene silencing in multiple tumor types, emerging as a highly promising biomarker. The transmembrane protein with a single EGF-like and two follistatin domains (TMEFF2) is epigenetically silenced in numerous tumor types, suggesting a potential role as a potential tumor suppressor. However, the role of TMEFF2 in lung cancer remains to be fully elucidated. We explored the methylation status of TMEFF2 gene in 139 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the feasibility of detecting circulating methylated DNA as a screening tool for NSCLC using methylation-specific PCR in 316 patients and 50 age-matched health controls. TMEFF2 methylation in tumor tissues was found in 73 of the 139 NSCLCs (52.5%) and was related to gene expression. The frequency of TMEFF2 methylation was higher in females and never-smokers than in males and smokers with borderline significance (65.8% vs 47.8%, p = 0.06; 65.7% vs 48.1%, p = 0.07). Notably, in adenocarcinomas, TMEFF2 methylation was significantly more frequent in tumors without EGFR mutation than those with EGFR mutation (adjusted odds ratio = 7.13, 95% confidence interval = 2.05-24.83, P = 0.002). Furthermore, TMEFF2 methylation was exclusively detected in the serum of NSCLC patients at a frequency of 9.2% (29/316). These findings suggest that methylation-associated down-regulation of TMEFF2 gene may be involved in lung tumorigenesis and TMEFF2 methylation can serve as a specific blood-based biomarker for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Man Lee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-422,
Korea
| | - Jae Yong Park
- Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-422,
Korea
| | - Dong Sun Kim
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-422,
Korea
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22
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Kumarasamy S, Gopalakrishnan K, Toland EJ, Yerga-Woolwine S, Farms P, Morgan EE, Joe B. Refined mapping of blood pressure quantitative trait loci using congenic strains developed from two genetically hypertensive rat models. Hypertens Res 2011; 34:1263-70. [PMID: 21814219 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2011.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Previously linkage and substitution mapping were conducted between the Dahl Salt-sensitive (S) rat and the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat (SHR) to address the hypothesis that genetic contributions to blood pressure (BP) in two genetically hypertensive rat strains are different. Among the BP quantitative trait loci (QTLs) detected, two are located on chromosome 9 within large genomic segments. The goal of the current study was to develop new iterations of congenic substrains, to further resolve both of these BP QTLs on chromosome 9 as independent congenic segments. A total of 10 new congenic substrains were developed and characterized. The newly developed congenic substrains S.SHR(9)x8Ax11A and S.SHR(9)x10Ax1, with introgressed segments of 2.05 and 6.14 Mb, represented the shortest genomic segments. Both of these congenic substrains, S.SHR(9)x8Ax11A and S.SHR(9)x10Ax1 lowered BP of the S rat by 56 mm Hg (P<0.001) and 15 mm Hg (P<0.039), respectively. The BP measurements were corroborated by radiotelemetry. Urinary protein excretion was significantly lowered by SHR alleles within S.SHR(9)x10Ax1 but not by S.SHR(9)x8Ax11A. The shorter of the two congenic segments, 2.05 Mb was further characterized and found to contain a single differentially expressed protein-coding gene, Tomoregulin-2 (Tmeff2). The protein expression of Tmeff2 was higher in the S rat compared with S.SHR(9)x8Ax11A, which also had lower cardiac hypertrophy as measured by echocardiography. Tmeff2 is known to be upregulated in patients from multiple cohorts with cardiac hypertrophy. Taken together, Tmeff2 can be prioritized as a candidate gene for hypertension and associated cardiac hypertrophy in both rats and in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivarajan Kumarasamy
- Physiological Genomics Laboratory, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
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23
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Backsch C, Rudolph B, Steinbach D, Scheungraber C, Liesenfeld M, Häfner N, Hildner M, Habenicht A, Runnebaum IB, Dürst M. An integrative functional genomic and gene expression approach revealed SORBS2 as a putative tumour suppressor gene involved in cervical carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis 2011; 32:1100-6. [PMID: 21602178 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgr093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18 are known to play a major role in cervical carcinogenesis. However, additional genetic alterations are required for the development and progression of cervical cancer. Our aim was to identify genes which are consistently down-regulated in cervical cancers (CxCa) and which are likely to contribute to malignant transformation. Microarray analyses of RNA from high-grade cervical precancers (CIN2/3) and CxCa were performed to screen for putative tumour suppressor genes (TSG) in predefined regions on chromosomes 4 and 10. Validation of the candidate genes was done by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in 16 normal cervical tissues, 14 CIN2/3 and 16 CxCa. The two most promising genes, SORBS2 and CALML5, were expressed ectopically in various cell lines in order to analyse their functional activity. Reconstitution of SORBS2 expression resulted in a significant reduction in cell proliferation, colony formation and anchorage-independent growth in CaSki, HPKII and HaCaT cells, whereby anchorage-independent growth could only be investigated for CaSki cells. SORBS2 had no effect on cell migration. In contrast, reconstitution of CALML5 expression did not influence the phenotype of all cell lines tested. None of the genes could induce senescence or apoptosis. Our results underline a possible role of SORBS2 as a TSG in cervical carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Backsch
- Klinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Abteilung Frauenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Bachstrasse 18, 07743 Jena, Germany
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24
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Chen X, Overcash R, Green T, Hoffman D, Asch AS, Ruiz-Echevarría MJ. The tumor suppressor activity of the transmembrane protein with epidermal growth factor and two follistatin motifs 2 (TMEFF2) correlates with its ability to modulate sarcosine levels. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:16091-100. [PMID: 21393249 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.193805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The type I transmembrane protein with epidermal growth factor and two follistatin motifs 2 (TMEFF2) is expressed in brain and prostate and overexpressed in prostate cancer, but its role in this disease is unclear. Several studies have suggested that TMEFF2 plays a role in suppressing the growth and invasive potential of human cancer cells, whereas others suggest that the shed portion of TMEFF2, which lacks the cytoplasmic region, has a growth-promoting activity. Here we show that TMEFF2 has a dual mode of action. Ectopic expression of wild-type full-length TMEFF2 inhibits soft agar colony formation, cellular invasion, and migration and increases cellular sensitivity to apoptosis. However, expression of the ectodomain portion of TMEFF2 increases cell proliferation. Using affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry, we identify sarcosine dehydrogenase (SARDH), the enzyme that converts sarcosine to glycine, as a TMEFF2-interacting protein. Co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence analysis confirms the interaction of SARDH with full-length TMEFF2. The ectodomain does not bind to SARDH. Moreover, expression of the full-length TMEFF2 but not the ectodomain results in a decreased level of sarcosine in the cells. These results suggest that the tumor suppressor activity of TMEFF2 requires the cytoplasmic/transmembrane portion of the protein and correlates with its ability to bind to SARDH and to modulate the level of sarcosine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, North Carolina 27834, USA
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25
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Molecular analysis of ex-vivo CD133+ GBM cells revealed a common invasive and angiogenic profile but different proliferative signatures among high grade gliomas. BMC Cancer 2010; 10:454. [PMID: 20735813 PMCID: PMC2939550 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-10-454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2010] [Accepted: 08/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gliomas are the most common type of primary brain tumours, and in this group glioblastomas (GBMs) are the higher-grade gliomas with fast progression and unfortunate prognosis. Two major aspects of glioma biology that contributes to its awful prognosis are the formation of new blood vessels through the process of angiogenesis and the invasion of glioma cells. Despite of advances, two-year survival for GBM patients with optimal therapy is less than 30%. Even in those patients with low-grade gliomas, that imply a moderately good prognosis, treatment is almost never curative. Recent studies have demonstrated the existence of a small fraction of glioma cells with characteristics of neural stem cells which are able to grow in vitro forming neurospheres and that can be isolated in vivo using surface markers such as CD133. The aim of this study was to define the molecular signature of GBM cells expressing CD133 in comparison with non expressing CD133 cells. This molecular classification could lead to the finding of new potential therapeutic targets for the rationale treatment of high grade GBM. Methods Eight fresh, primary and non cultured GBMs were used in order to study the gene expression signatures from its CD133 positive and negative populations isolated by FACS-sorting. Dataset was generated with Affymetrix U133 Plus 2 arrays and analysed using the software of the Affymetrix Expression Console. In addition, genomic analysis of these tumours was carried out by CGH arrays, FISH studies and MLPA; Results Gene expression analysis of CD133+ vs. CD133- cell population from each tumour showed that CD133+ cells presented common characteristics in all glioblastoma samples (up-regulation of genes involved in angiogenesis, permeability and down-regulation of genes implicated in cell assembly, neural cell organization and neurological disorders). Furthermore, unsupervised clustering of gene expression led us to distinguish between two groups of samples: those discriminated by tumour location and, the most importantly, the group discriminated by their proliferative potential; Conclusions Primary glioblastomas could be sub-classified according to the properties of their CD133+ cells. The molecular characterization of these potential stem cell populations could be critical to find new therapeutic targets and to develop an effective therapy for these tumours with very dismal prognosis.
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Regis G, Pensa S, Boselli D, Novelli F, Poli V. Ups and downs: the STAT1:STAT3 seesaw of Interferon and gp130 receptor signalling. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2008; 19:351-9. [PMID: 18620071 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2008.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2008] [Revised: 06/04/2008] [Accepted: 06/17/2008] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Downstream of cytokine or growth factor receptors, STAT3 counteracts inflammation and promotes cell survival/proliferation and immune tolerance while STAT1 inhibits proliferation and favours innate and adaptive immune responses. STAT1 and STAT3 activation are reciprocally regulated and perturbation in their balanced expression or phosphorylation levels may re-direct cytokine/growth factor signals from proliferative to apoptotic, or from inflammatory to anti-inflammatory. Here we review the functional canonical and non-canonical effects of STAT1/3 activation and discuss the hypothesis that perturbation of their expression and/or activation levels may provide novel therapeutic strategies in different clinical settings and particularly in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Regis
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy.
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