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Rodriguez Gatta D, Huidobro L, Petermann-Rocha F, Van de Wyngard V, Godoy F, Cid V, Garrido M, Cook P, Roa JC, Vargas C, Araya JC, Cortes S, Cruz F, Koshiol J, Arrese M, Ferreccio C. Sex disparities in gallstone disease: insights from the MAUCO prospective population-based cohort study. BMJ Open Gastroenterol 2024; 11:e001457. [PMID: 39343441 PMCID: PMC11440185 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgast-2024-001457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate factors associated with the prevalence and incidence of gallstone disease (GSD) in women and men of the MAUCO population-based prospective cohort. DESIGN 8948 MAUCO participants (aged 38-74 years) underwent abdominal ultrasound at baseline (2015-2019); 4385 received follow-up ultrasound at years 2 or 4. Factors associated with prevalent GSD were assessed using Poisson multiple regression and with incident GSD using Cox regression models. RESULTS GSD prevalence was 40.4% in women (13.1% gallstones, 27.3% cholecystectomies) and 17.1% in men (8.9% gallstones, 8.2% cholecystectomies). In men, GSD prevalence rate ratio (PRR) by age in >64 years was 3.85 (95% CI 3.00 to 4.94), doubling that of women's PRR 1.78 (95% CI 1.57 to 2.01). In women, waist circumference and diabetes were stronger GSD factors; a higher number of children and worse metabolic and socioeconomic conditions were also highlighted. GSD men had higher cardiovascular disease and a family history of GSD and gallbladder cancer. 198 GSD cases developed during follow-up, with incidence increasing by 2% (95% CI 1.005% to 1.03%) per each centimetre above the ideal waist circumference, statistically significant only in women. In men, age was the strongest factor for incidence, followed by a family history of GSD and low high-density lipoprotein increased incidence risk. CONCLUSIONS GSD burden was high in this population; a third of women had their gallbladder removed, which may pose them at risk of other health problems. Abdominal obesity was the only preventable GSD risk factor, highlighting the need for effective public health policies promoting obesity reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danae Rodriguez Gatta
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, ACCDiS, Universidad de Chile and Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Laura Huidobro
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, ACCDiS, Universidad de Chile and Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Fanny Petermann-Rocha
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
| | - Vanessa Van de Wyngard
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, ACCDiS, Universidad de Chile and Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Franco Godoy
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, ACCDiS, Universidad de Chile and Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Vicente Cid
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, ACCDiS, Universidad de Chile and Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Macarena Garrido
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, ACCDiS, Universidad de Chile and Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paz Cook
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, ACCDiS, Universidad de Chile and Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Carlos Roa
- Departamento de Patología, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Vargas
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, ACCDiS, Universidad de Chile and Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Juan Carlos Araya
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, ACCDiS, Universidad de Chile and Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Patología, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Sandra Cortes
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, ACCDiS, Universidad de Chile and Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable, CEDEUS, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Cruz
- Departamento de Radiología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jill Koshiol
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Infections and Immunoepidemiology, National Cancer Institute Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Marco Arrese
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, ACCDiS, Universidad de Chile and Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Catterina Ferreccio
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Su J, Liang Y, He X. Global, regional, and national burden and trends analysis of gallbladder and biliary tract cancer from 1990 to 2019 and predictions to 2030: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1384314. [PMID: 38638933 PMCID: PMC11024434 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1384314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Our aim was to explore the disease burden caused by gallbladder and biliary tract cancer globally, regionally, and nationally, by age and sex. Methods The absolute number of cases and age-standardized rates (ASR) of incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to gallbladder and biliary tract cancer were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019. We estimated the trends in disease burden by calculating the percentage change in the absolute number of cases and the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) in ASR, by social development index (SDI), region, nation, sex, and age. Results From 1990 to 2019, the number of incident cases, prevalent cases, deaths, and DALYs worldwide significantly increased by 1.85-fold, 1.92-fold, 1.82-fold, and 1.68-fold, respectively. However, the age-standardized rates of incidence, prevalence, mortality, and DALYs tend to decrease globally over time. Nevertheless, heterogeneous disease burden patterns exist between geographic regions due to different geographical risk factors, distinct epidemiologically predominant gallbladder and biliary tract cancer subtypes, and potential genetic predispositions or ethnicity. Additionally, socioeconomic status mediates the regional variation in disease burden, with increasing SDI or HDI scores associated with downward trends in the age-standardized rates of incidence, prevalence, mortality, and DALYs. Older individuals and females are at higher risk of gallbladder and biliary tract cancer, but the increasing burden of early-onset gallbladder and biliary tract cancer is a cause for concern, especially for those living in lower SDI areas and males. High BMI is the primary risk factors underlying gallbladder and biliary tract cancer, accounted for 15.2% of deaths and 15.7% DALYs globally in 2019. Conclusion Our study comprehensively elucidated the distribution and dynamic trends of gallbladder and biliary tract cancer burden over the past three decades, from multiple dimensions. These findings emphasize the importance of promoting a healthy lifestyle as a population-level cancer prevention strategy and tailoring cancer control actions based on localized risk factors and the epidemic profiles of gallbladder and biliary tract cancer by anatomical subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Su
- Department of Biochemistry, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Yuanhao Liang
- Clinical Experimental Center, Jiangmen Key Laboratory of Clinical Biobanks and Translational Research, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen, China
| | - Xiaofeng He
- Institute of Evidence-Based Medicine, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
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Chen L, Guo S, Zhang D, Li X, Chen J. E2F5 Targeted by Let-7d-5p Facilitates Cell Proliferation, Metastasis and Immune Escape in Gallbladder Cancer. Dig Dis Sci 2024; 69:463-475. [PMID: 38087129 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-023-08209-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gallbladder cancer (GBC) remains a serious cause of cancer-related mortality across the globe. E2F5 has been identified to as a known oncogene in various cancers. However, the special functions of E2F5 have not been investigated in GBC. AIMS To explore the regulatory functions of E2F5 and its related molecular regulatory mechanism in GBC progression. METHODS The expression of genes were examined through qRT-PCR, western blot and IHC assay. The cell proliferation was assessed through CCK-8 and EDU assays. The cytotoxicity was tested through LDH assay. The percentage of CD8+ T cells and cell apoptosis were evaluated through flow cytometry. The binding ability was detected through luciferase reporter assay. The tumor growth was assessed through in vivo assays. RESULTS In this study, it was demonstrated that E2F5 expression was evaluated in GBC, and resulted into poor prognosis. Bioinformatics analysis revealed E2F5 as a target for let-7d-5p, which when overexpressed, suppressed the metastasis and proliferation of GBC through the downregulation of E2F5. It was discovered that E2F5 activates JAK2/STAT3 signaling which is suppressed by let-7d-5p, implicating this pathway as one of the effectors of the oncogenic effects of ESF5 in GBC. E2F5 had been confirmed to aggravate tumor growth in vivo. CONCLUSION E2F5 targeted by let-7d-5p facilitated cell proliferation, metastasis and immune escape in GBC through the JAK2/STAT3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Songyi Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Dafang Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Jianfei Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 10, Tieyi Road, Yangfangdian, Haidian District, Beijing, 100038, China.
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Ashkbari A, Amlashi FI, Besharat S, Mofidi M, Amiriani T, Fazel A, Alimadadi M, Salamat F, Sedaghat SM, Livani S, Bagheri A, Semnani S, Norouzi A, Roshandel G. Primary Biliary Tract Cancers in Golestan, Iran: 13-Year Experience of Golestan Population-Based Cancer Registry. ARCHIVES OF IRANIAN MEDICINE 2023; 26:504-509. [PMID: 38310406 PMCID: PMC10862055 DOI: 10.34172/aim.2023.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological research on the high-risk population might be helpful in early detection and prevention of biliary tract malignancies. This study assesses the prevalence of biliary tract cancer (BTC) in the Golestan province, northeastern Iran, between 2004 and 2016. METHODS The current study used information from the Golestan Population-based Cancer Registry (GPCR) to access the epidemiology of BTC across a 13-year period while taking into account temporal and geographic differences. The number of cases, crude rates, age-standardized incidence rates (ASRs) per 100,000 person-years, average annual percent change (AAPC), age-specific incidence rates, and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were reported for each year with respect to gender and place of residence. RESULTS Totally, 224 instances of BTC overall (54% of whom were females) were reported throughout the research period. The ASR of BTC was 1.7 (95% CI: 1.4‒2) for females and 1.4 (95% CI: 1.1‒1.6) for men, respectively. Males exhibited a growing time trend in incidence (AAPC: 7.18; CI: 0.06‒14.81; P-value:0.048), whereas females had a decreasing trend (AAPC: 0.82; CI: -5.94‒4.57; P-value: 0.740). Both sexes saw an increase in age-specific incidence rates starting at the age of 45; however, males experienced a significant increase in incidence in the age group of 75 to 79 while the female rates grew steadily. CONCLUSION The focus for cancer control in this region may be given to demographic groups with a combination of risk factors, including male gender, older age, and urban residence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ashkbari
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Fazel Isapanah Amlashi
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Sima Besharat
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Mofidi
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Taghi Amiriani
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Fazel
- Cancer Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
- Omid Cancer Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Alimadadi
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Faezeh Salamat
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | | | - Somayeh Livani
- Cancer Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Ali Bagheri
- Deputy of Public Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Shahriyar Semnani
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
- Omid Cancer Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Alireza Norouzi
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Roshandel
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
- Omid Cancer Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
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Molina-Aguilar C, Robles-Espinoza CD. Tackling the lack of diversity in cancer research. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm050275. [PMID: 37681401 PMCID: PMC10499025 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the clear benefit of studying biological samples from diverse genetic backgrounds and geographical locations, our current knowledge of disease is mostly derived from the study of European-descent individuals. In the cancer field, this is reflected in the poor representation of African and Amerindian/Latino samples in most large public data repositories. This lack of diversity is due to several reasons, but here we focus on (1) the lack of support for studies on non-European populations that are performed in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), and (2) unequal partnerships between scientists in LMICs and those in high-income countries. We argue that expanding access to research funding, increasing the participation of underrepresented scientists in editorial boards and international conferences, facilitating the publication of studies conducted in these countries, and properly acknowledging LMIC researchers' contributions in publications and grant applications will promote equity for scientists working in LMICs. We envisage that this will translate to more impactful research in these countries, which will include more samples from diverse populations. For the cancer field, this will broaden our understanding of pathomechanisms and may help to improve the treatment of patients from all backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Molina-Aguilar
- Laboratorio Internacional de Investigación sobre el Genoma Humano, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Santiago de Querétaro 76230, Mexico
| | - C. Daniela Robles-Espinoza
- Laboratorio Internacional de Investigación sobre el Genoma Humano, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Santiago de Querétaro 76230, Mexico
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
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Current status, trends, and predictions in the burden of gallbladder and biliary tract cancer in China from 1990 to 2019. Chin Med J (Engl) 2022; 135:1697-1706. [PMID: 35984211 PMCID: PMC9509182 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gallbladder and biliary tract cancer (GBTC) has greatly damaged the health of patients and is accompanied by a dismal prognosis. The worldwide distribution of GBTC shows extensive variance and the updated data in China is lacking. This study was to determine the current status, trends, and predictions in the burden of GBTC over the past 30 years in China. METHODS This was a descriptive, epidemiological, secondary analysis of the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor Study 2019 data. Data including incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of GBTC in China by year, age, and sex were assessed. Joinpoint regression analysis was conducted to evaluate trends of disease burden due to GBTC from 1990 to 2019. Nordpred age-period-cohort analysis was applied for the projection of mortality and incidence due to GBTC from 2019 to 2044. RESULTS Nationally, there were 38,634 (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 27,350-46,512) new cases and 47,278 (95% UI: 32,889-57,229) patients due to GBTC, causing 34,462 (95% UI: 25,220-41,231) deaths, and 763,584 (95% UI: 566,755-920,493) DALYs in 2019. Both cases and rates of burden owing to GBTC were heavier among males and at old age. From 1990 to 2019, the age-standardized rates of incidence, prevalence, mortality, and DALYs of GBTC generally increased from 1990 to 2019, with average annual percentage change at 0.8% (95% confidential interval [CI]: 0.6-1.0%), 1.3% (95% CI: 1.1-1.5%), 0.4% (95% CI: 0.2-0.6%), and 0.2% (95% CI: 0.1-0.4%), respectively. Even though the age-standardized incidence rate and age-standardized mortality rate in both sexes were predicted to decline gradually from 2019 to 2044, the number of new cases and deaths were expected to grow steadily. CONCLUSIONS GBTC is becoming a major health burden in China, particularly among males and older individuals. Given the aging population and increasing burden, effective strategies and measurements are urged to prevent or reduce the number of new cases and deaths of GBTC.
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Silva CP, de la Fuente Castro C, González Zarzar T, Raghavan M, Tonko-Huenucoy A, Martínez FI, Montalva N. The Articulation of Genomics, Mestizaje, and Indigenous Identities in Chile: A Case Study of the Social Implications of Genomic Research in Light of Current Research Practices. Front Genet 2022; 13:817318. [PMID: 35309125 PMCID: PMC8927767 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.817318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Constanza P. Silva
- Criminal Justice Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- Comunidad Autónoma Diaguita Mapochogasta, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Constanza P. Silva, ; Constanza de la Fuente Castro, ; Tomás González Zarzar,
| | - Constanza de la Fuente Castro
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: Constanza P. Silva, ; Constanza de la Fuente Castro, ; Tomás González Zarzar,
| | - Tomás González Zarzar
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Constanza P. Silva, ; Constanza de la Fuente Castro, ; Tomás González Zarzar,
| | - Maanasa Raghavan
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | - Felipe I. Martínez
- School of Anthropology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Intercultural and Indigenous Research (CIIR), Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolás Montalva
- Society and Health Research Center, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- School of Public Health, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
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Jang J, Yoo DS, Chun BC. Spatial epidemiologic analysis of the liver cancer and gallbladder cancer incidence and its determinants in South Korea. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:2090. [PMID: 34774036 PMCID: PMC8590754 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-12184-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There have been reports on regional variation in prevalence of hepatitis B and C, and Clonorchis sinensis (C. sinensis) infection, which indicates potential of spatial variation in liver cancer and gallbladder cancer incidence in Korea. Therefore, we aimed to assess the regional variation of liver and gallbladder cancer incidence and its determinants based on the regional distribution of risk factors, including hepatitis B infection in Korea. METHODS This study used an ecological study design and district-level cancer incidence statistics generated by the National Cancer Center. Spatial clusters of liver and gallbladder cancer incidence were detected based on spatial scan statistics using SaTScan™ software. We set the size of maximum spatial scanning window of 25 and 35% of the population at risk for analyses of liver and gallbladder cancer, respectively. Significance level of 0.05 was used to reject the null hypothesis of no cluster. We fitted the Besag-York-Mollie model using integrated nested Laplace approximations to assess factors that influence the regional variation in cancer incidence. RESULTS Spatial clusters with high liver cancer incidence rates were detected in the southwestern and southeastern regions of Korea. High gallbladder cancer incidence rates are clustered in the southeastern region. Regional liver cancer incidence can be accounted for the prevalence of high household income (coefficient, - 0.10; 95% credible interval [CI], - 0.18 to - 0.02), marital status (coefficient, - 0.14; 95% CI, - 0.25 to - 0.03), the incidence of hepatitis B (coefficient, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.29 to 1.44), and liver cancer screening (coefficient, 0.06; 95% CI, 0.00 to 0.12), while gallbladder cancer incidence was related to the prevalence of high household income (coefficient, - 0.03; 95% CI, - 0.05 to 0.00) and living close to a river with a high prevalence of liver fluke infection (coefficient, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.14 to 0.96). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated geographic variation in liver and gallbladder cancer incidence, which can be explained by determinants such as hepatitis B, income, marital status, and living near a river.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Jang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Sung Yoo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.,Veterinary Epidemiology Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, 39660, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Chul Chun
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Malik MA, Malik SA, Haq MG, Bangri SA, Ahmad SZ, Shah OJ, Shah ZA. Genetic Susceptibility of DCC Gene in Gallbladder Cancer in Kashmir and Meta-Analysis. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:947-955. [PMID: 34259111 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1949728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Deleted in colorectal carcinoma (DCC) A > G (rs714) is the most widely studied SNP of tumor suppressor DCC gene found to be associated with increased risk of various cancers. Therefore, the aim of present case control study was to investigate the role of DCC A > G (rs714) in gallbladder cancer (GBC) in Kashmir and to conduct a meta-analysis of DCC A > G (rs714) polymorphism to demonstrate the more accurate strength of these associations. Genotyping was done by PCR/RFLP and confirmed by sequencing in 100 GBC cases, and 150 controls. We also performed a comprehensive meta-analysis of 2223 subjects (1118 cases and 1105 controls) to evaluate the association between DCC A > G (rs714) polymorphisms and cancer. In present case control study DCC A > G (rs714) genotypes did not modulate the GBC cancer risk. Meta-analysis results showed that DCC A > G (rs714) is associated with increased overall cancer risk. DCC A > G (rs714) polymorphism conferred significant risk for cancer in dominant model but in recessive model P-value was at borderline. DCC A > G (rs714) genotype was associated with increased risk of cancer in Asians and Kashmiri population whereas no such association was observed in Europeans. The evidence in this meta-analysis supports a modest involvement of DCC A > G (rs714) tumoursupressor pathway genes in cancer susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manzoor Ahmad Malik
- Cancer Diagnostic & Research Centre (CDRC), Department of Immunology & Molecular Medicine, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Soura, Srinagar, Kashmir, India
| | - Subzar Ahmad Malik
- Department of Immunology & Molecular Medicine, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Soura, Srinagar, Kashmir, India
| | - Malik Gowharul Haq
- Department of Immunology & Molecular Medicine, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Soura, Srinagar, Kashmir, India
| | - Sadaf Ali Bangri
- Departments of Surgical Gastroenterology, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Soura, Srinagar, Kashmir, India
| | - Sheikh Zahoor Ahmad
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Soura, Srinagar, Kashmir, India
| | - Omar Javed Shah
- Departments of Surgical Gastroenterology, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Soura, Srinagar, Kashmir, India
| | - Zafar Amin Shah
- Cancer Diagnostic & Research Centre (CDRC), Department of Immunology & Molecular Medicine, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Soura, Srinagar, Kashmir, India.,Department of Immunology & Molecular Medicine, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Soura, Srinagar, Kashmir, India
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10
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Tang H, Shi X, Zhu P, Guo W, Li J, Yan B, Zhang S. Melatonin inhibits gallbladder cancer cell migration and invasion via ERK-mediated induction of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:609. [PMID: 34188711 PMCID: PMC8227585 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a naturally occurring molecule secreted by the pineal gland that exhibits antitumor properties and prevents the development of human cancer. However, little is known regarding the effects of melatonin on gallbladder cancer (GBC) cells. The present study aimed to investigate the role of melatonin on the prevention of GBC cell invasion. The GBC cell line, GBC-SD, was treated with different concentrations of melatonin for different time periods, and the data indicated that melatonin markedly inhibited the invasion of GBC cells. Following treatment of GBC cells with melatonin, the protein levels of the epithelial marker, E-cadherin, significantly increased, while the expression levels of the mesenchymal markers, N-cadherin, Snail and vimentin, notably decreased. In addition, melatonin inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK1/2. Following treatment of the cells with the ERK activator, tert-Butylhydroquinone, the anti-invasive effects of melatonin were reversed by rescuing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in GBC cells. Taken together, these results suggest that melatonin inhibits GBC invasiveness by blocking the ERK signaling pathway. Thus, melatonin may be used as a potential novel cancer therapeutic drug for the treatment of GBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Tang
- ZhengZhou Engineering Laboratory of Organ Transplantation Technique and Application, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China.,Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Organ Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyi Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Wenzhi Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Bing Yan
- ZhengZhou Engineering Laboratory of Organ Transplantation Technique and Application, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China.,Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Organ Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Shuijun Zhang
- ZhengZhou Engineering Laboratory of Organ Transplantation Technique and Application, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China.,Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Organ Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
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11
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Costa J, Lima N, Santos C. An overview on possible links between aflatoxin B 1 exposure and gallbladder cancer. Mycotoxin Res 2021; 37:205-214. [PMID: 34019215 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-021-00431-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is one of the most common sites for biliary tract cancers. It has a worldwide distribution being endemic in South America and Southern Asia. These high GBC rates have previously been linked to the determinants of health such as nutrition, genetics, lifestyle, and environment. Exposure to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a human carcinogen, is suggested to be involved with GBC development. This work aims to analyse the interplay of social, lifestyle, and genetic predisposing factors to GBC. AFB1 plays a pivotal role in carcinogenic onset by genetic and epigenetic modifications. AFB1 can induce molecular changes involved in the GBC pathogenesis, such as overexpression of UCHL1 gene, mutagenesis of TP53 gene, abnormal expression of oncogenes BCL-2, and aberrantly methylation of ERBB family receptors. However, a large-scale scientific cooperation is needed to confirm these molecular links through which AFB1 may increase the GBC risk. For that, monitoring AFB1 exposure through AF-albumin and AFB1-lysine will clarify the level of exposure of the population to AFB1 in the GBC hotspot. Further, analyses of AFB1-adduct concentrations in GBC cases (fatal and non-fatal) are needed to understanding if AF contamination can trigger gallbladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Costa
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, 4811-230, Temuco, Chile
| | - Nelson Lima
- CEB-Biological Engineering Centre, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Cledir Santos
- Department of Chemical Science and Natural Resources, Universidad de La Frontera, 4811-230, Temuco, Chile.
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12
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Zhang L, Guo W, Yu J, Li C, Li M, Chai D, Wang W, Deng W. Receptor-interacting protein in malignant digestive neoplasms. J Cancer 2021; 12:4362-4371. [PMID: 34093836 PMCID: PMC8176420 DOI: 10.7150/jca.57076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A deep and comprehensive understanding of factors that contribute to cancer initiation, progression, and evolution is of essential importance. Among them, the serine/threonine and tyrosine kinase-like kinases, also known as receptor interacting proteins (RIPs) or receptor interacting protein kinases (RIPKs), is emerging as important tumor-related proteins due to its complex regulation of cell survival, apoptosis, and necrosis. In this review, we mainly review the relevance of RIP to various malignant digestive neoplasms, including esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, gallbladder cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, and pancreatic cancer. Consecutive research on RIPs and its relationship with malignant digestive neoplasms is required, as it ultimately conduces to the etiology and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Wenyi Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Jia Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Chunlei Li
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Man Li
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Dongqi Chai
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Weixing Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Wenhong Deng
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
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13
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Zhang Y, Yang C, Huang M. Global, regional, and national burden of biliary tract cancer from 1990 to 2017 based on the 2017 Global Burden of Disease study. Cancer Epidemiol 2021; 73:101949. [PMID: 33992881 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2021.101949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biliary tract cancer (BTC) is a rare malignant neoplasm with poor prognosis. We aimed to report the rates and the trends of biliary tract cancer at the global level from 1990 to 2017 according to gender, age and social-demographic index (SDI). METHODS Data on biliary tract cancer between 1990 and 2017 was acquired from the 2017 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study including the incidence, death and disability adjusted life-years (DALY). We also calculated estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC) to quantificationally describe the trend of incidence, death and DALY over time. RESULTS Overall, the number of biliary tract cancer increased from 119,943 in 1990 to 210,878 in 2017. The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) decreased continuously in this period with an EAPC of -0.56 (-0.67 to -0.45). The age-standardized death rate (ASDR) declined from 2.79 (95 % CI 2.68 - 3.14) in 1990 to 2.23 (95 % CI 1.99 - 2.38) per 100,000 persons in 2017. In terms of SDI, ASIR and ASDR were increased in low- and low-middle- SDI regions, but decreased in the other three regions, so was the age-standardized DALY rate. The ASR (Age-standardized incidence/mortality/DALY rate) varied across the world, with the highest ASIR and ASDR in Chile, and the lowest ones in Iraq. CONCLUSION The ASIR, ASDR and age-standardized DALY rate of biliary tract cancer have decreased at the global level. However, changes in rates vary among different counties and regions, suggesting it is more reasonable to adopt targeted and specific measures to decrease the occurrence of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Chun Yang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Beilun People's Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Mingzhe Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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14
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Ouyang B, Pan N, Zhang H, Xing C, Ji W. miR‑146b‑5p inhibits tumorigenesis and metastasis of gallbladder cancer by targeting Toll‑like receptor 4 via the nuclear factor‑κB pathway. Oncol Rep 2021; 45:15. [PMID: 33649824 PMCID: PMC7877004 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.7966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a carcinoma of the biliary tract, which is common in developing countries and is associated with a high fatality rate. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanisms underlying the occurrence and development of GBC. A decrease in the expression of miR‑146b‑5p and an increase in the expression of its target gene Toll‑like receptor 4 (TLR4) were first observed in GBC tissues. Further study demonstrated that an increase in TLR4 expression caused by a decrease in miR‑146b‑5p expression led to activation of nuclear factor (NF)‑κB signaling. GBC cells were cultured in vitro, and it was observed that overexpression of miR‑146b‑5p effectively inhibited their viability, proliferation, migration and invasion, and increased their apoptosis. Using a BALB/c nude mouse xenograft model, it was demonstrated that overexpression of miR‑146b‑5p was sufficient to reduce tumor volume and alleviate pathological characteristics. Overall, the results of the present study indicated that the decrease in the expression of miR‑146b‑5p increased TLR4 expression and indirectly activated the NF‑κB signaling pathway, thereby regulating the development of GBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ouyang
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Central Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210018, P.R. China
| | - Ningfeng Pan
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Central Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210018, P.R. China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Central Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210018, P.R. China
| | - Chuanming Xing
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Central Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210018, P.R. China
| | - Wu Ji
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
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15
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Guo L, Liu M, Dou Y, Duan R, Shen L, Jia L, Wang J, Li C, Li X, Liang T. Screening and identification of haptoglobin showing its important role in pathophysiological process of gallbladder carcinoma. Gene 2021; 776:145429. [PMID: 33444685 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) with poor prognosis has been a major cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. In this study, we aimed to screen and identify crucial genes in GBC through integrative analysis of multiple datasets and further experimental validation. A candidate crucial gene, up-regulated haptoglobin (HP), was firstly screened, and then further analysis and validation mainly focused on whether higher enrichment level of HP was responsible for pathophysiological process of GBC. HP was found with diverse expression patterns in various cancer types, and the dynamic expression patterns indicated its spatiotemporal characteristics in different tissues and disease stages, implicating its role in multiple biological processes. Further experimental validation showed that HP could promote the GBC-SD cell proliferation, migration and invasion, implying its role in pathophysiological process of GBC. HP may have a crucial role in occurrence and development of GBC, and it provides possibility as a potential biomarker or target in cancer prognosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Guo
- Department of Bioinformatics, Smart Health Big Data Analysis and Location Services Engineering Lab of Jiangsu Province, School of Geographic and Biologic Information, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mengting Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, and Changzhou Institute of Innovation and Development, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuyang Dou
- Department of Bioinformatics, Smart Health Big Data Analysis and Location Services Engineering Lab of Jiangsu Province, School of Geographic and Biologic Information, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Rui Duan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, and Changzhou Institute of Innovation and Development, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lulu Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, and Changzhou Institute of Innovation and Development, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lin Jia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, and Changzhou Institute of Innovation and Development, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Smart Health Big Data Analysis and Location Services Engineering Lab of Jiangsu Province, School of Geographic and Biologic Information, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Changxian Li
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xiangcheng Li
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Tingming Liang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, and Changzhou Institute of Innovation and Development, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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16
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Arteta AA, Milanes-Yearsley M, Cardona-Castro N. Cholangiocyte derived carcinomas and local microbiota. JOURNAL OF HEPATO-BILIARY-PANCREATIC SCIENCES 2020; 29:1084-1093. [PMID: 32902144 DOI: 10.1002/jhbp.826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Trillions of bacteria are present in the gastrointestinal tract as part of the local microbiota. Bacteria have been associated with a wide range of gastrointestinal diseases including malignant neoplasms. The association of bacteria in gastrointestinal and biliary tract carcinogenesis is supported in the paradigm of Helicobacter pylori and intestinal-type gastric cancer. However, the association of bacterial species to a specific carcinoma, different from intestinal-type gastric cancer is unresolved. The relationship of bacteria to a specific malignant neoplasm can drive clinical interventions. We review the classic bacteria risk factors identified using cultures and PCR (polymerase chain reaction) with new research regarding a microbiota approach through 16S rRNA (16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene) or metagenomic analysis for selected carcinomas in the biliary tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel A Arteta
- Department of Pathology, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.,Basic Science Research Group, School of Medicine, CES University, Medellín (Antioquia), Colombia.,Grupo de Investigaciones en Patología, Universidad de Antioquia (GRIP-UdeA), Medellín (Antioquia), Colombia
| | - Martha Milanes-Yearsley
- Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Gastrointestinal and Liver Pathology Department, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
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17
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Zheng X, Gao L, Wang BT, Shen P, Yuan XF, Zhang LQ, Yang L, Zhang DP, Zhang Q, Wang XM. Overexpression of EIF5A2 is associated with poor survival and aggressive tumor biology in gallbladder cancer. Histol Histopathol 2020; 35:579-587. [PMID: 31745968 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a malignant tumor of the biliary tract. The main problem affecting the treatment of gallbladder cancer is late diagnosis and poor prognosis. EIF5A2 is one of two isoforms of the EIF5A family and is reported to be a new oncogenic protein in many human cancers. In this study, our results showed for the first time that EIF5A2 was overexpressed in GBC samples compared with non-tumor tissue. Overexpression of EIF5A2 was associated with lymph node metastasis, tumor differentiation, UICC (Union for International Cancer Control) staging, histological type, metastasis, and tumor size. Overexpression of EIF5A2 in gallbladder carcinoma tissues is also associated with poor prognosis in patients. The interference of EIF5A2 significantly inhibited the proliferation, cell cycle, migration and colony formation of GBC-SD cells in vitro. Our results suggest that EIF5A2 is a target oncogene and may be an important prognostic biomarker in the pathogenesis of gallbladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zheng
- Tianjin key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Institute of Acute Abdominal Diseases, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Tianjin key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Institute of Acute Abdominal Diseases, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo-Tao Wang
- Tianjin key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Institute of Acute Abdominal Diseases, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ping Shen
- Tianjin key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Institute of Acute Abdominal Diseases, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiang-Fei Yuan
- Tianjin key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Institute of Acute Abdominal Diseases, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lan-Qiu Zhang
- Tianjin key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Institute of Acute Abdominal Diseases, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Tianjin key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Institute of Acute Abdominal Diseases, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Da-Peng Zhang
- Tianjin key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Institute of Acute Abdominal Diseases, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Tianjin key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Institute of Acute Abdominal Diseases, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China.
| | - Xi-Mo Wang
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Institute of Acute Abdominal Diseases, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China.
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18
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Elsalem L, Jum'ah AA, Alfaqih MA, Aloudat O. The Bacterial Microbiota of Gastrointestinal Cancers: Role in Cancer Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Perspectives. Clin Exp Gastroenterol 2020; 13:151-185. [PMID: 32440192 PMCID: PMC7211962 DOI: 10.2147/ceg.s243337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiota has an essential role in the pathogenesis of many gastrointestinal diseases including cancer. This effect is mediated through different mechanisms such as damaging DNA, activation of oncogenic pathways, production of carcinogenic metabolites, stimulation of chronic inflammation, and inhibition of antitumor immunity. Recently, the concept of "pharmacomicrobiomics" has emerged as a new field concerned with exploring the interplay between drugs and microbes. Mounting evidence indicates that the microbiota and their metabolites have a major impact on the pharmacodynamics and therapeutic responses toward anticancer drugs including conventional chemotherapy and molecular-targeted therapeutics. In addition, microbiota appears as an attractive target for cancer prevention and treatment. In this review, we discuss the role of bacterial microbiota in the pathogenesis of different cancer types affecting the gastrointestinal tract system. We also scrutinize the evidence regarding the role of microbiota in anticancer drug responses. Further, we discuss the use of probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and antibiotics, either alone or in combination with anticancer drugs for prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal tract cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Elsalem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ahmad A Jum'ah
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mahmoud A Alfaqih
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Osama Aloudat
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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19
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Martinez DA, Zhang H, Bastias M, Feijoo F, Hinson J, Martinez R, Dunstan J, Levin S, Prieto D. Prolonged wait time is associated with increased mortality for Chilean waiting list patients with non-prioritized conditions. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:233. [PMID: 30808318 PMCID: PMC6390314 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6526-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most data on mortality and prognostic factors of universal healthcare waiting lists come from North America, Australasia, and Europe, with little information from South America. We aimed to determine the relationship between medical center-specific waiting time and waiting list mortality in Chile. METHOD Using data from all new patients listed in medical specialist waitlists for non-prioritized health problems from 2008 to 2015 in three geographically distant regions of Chile, we constructed hierarchical multivariate survival models to predict mortality risk at two years after registration for each medical center. Kendall rank correlation analysis was used to measure the association between medical center-specific mortality hazard ratio and waiting times. RESULT There were 987,497 patients waiting for care at 77 medical centers, including 33,546 (3.40%) who died within two years after registration. Male gender (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.17, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1-1.24), older age (HR = 2.88, 95% CI 2.72-3.05), urban residence (HR = 1.19, 95% CI 1.09-1.31), tertiary care (HR = 2.2, 95% CI 2.14-2.26), oncology (HR = 3.57, 95% CI 3.4-3.76), and hematology (HR = 1.6, 95% CI 1.49-1.73) were associated with higher risk of mortality at each medical center with large region-to-region variations. There was a statistically significant association between waiting time variability and death (Z = 2.16, P = 0.0308). CONCLUSION Patient wait time for non-prioritized health conditions was associated with increased mortality in Chilean hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A. Martinez
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA
| | - Haoxiang Zhang
- Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA
| | - Magdalena Bastias
- University of Chile School of Public Health, Av. Independencia 939, Independencia, Región Metropolitana Chile
| | - Felipe Feijoo
- Pontifical Catholic University of Valparaíso School of Engineering, Brasil, 2950 Valparaíso, Región de Valparaíso Chile
| | - Jeremiah Hinson
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA
| | - Rodrigo Martinez
- University of Chile School of Public Health, Av. Independencia 939, Independencia, Región Metropolitana Chile
| | - Jocelyn Dunstan
- University of Chile School of Public Health, Av. Independencia 939, Independencia, Región Metropolitana Chile
| | - Scott Levin
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA
| | - Diana Prieto
- Johns Hopkins University Carey School of Business, 100 International Drive, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA
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20
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Tsuchiya Y, Mishra K, Kapoor VK, Vishwakarma R, Behari A, Ikoma T, Asai T, Endoh K, Nakamura K. Plasma Helicobacter pylori Antibody Titers and Helicobacter pylori Infection Positivity Rates in Patients with Gallbladder
Cancer or Cholelithiasis: a Hospital-Based Case-Control Study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:1911-1915. [PMID: 30051672 PMCID: PMC6165657 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.7.1911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Gallbladder cancer is the commonest gastrointestinal cancer in northern Indian women. Some studies
have examined the association between Helicobacter pylori infection and gallbladder cancer risk, but findings have been
inconsistent. We aimed to examine the association between H. pylori infection and gallbladder cancer in Indian people.
Materials and Methods: We conducted a hospital-based case-control study including 100 gallbladder cancer patients
with gallstones who were 32 to 79 years old (cases; 72 women and 28 men), and 100 cholelithiasis patients aged 14 to
75 years (controls; 65 women and 35 men). All patients had a diagnosis of gallbladder cancer or cholelithiasis at the
Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences in Lucknow having a high gallbladder cancer incidence
in northern India, from May 2014 through July 2017. Plasma samples were collected from all patients before surgical
treatment. Plasma H. pylori antibody titer was measured by the latex agglutination method and an autoanalyzer. H.
pylori infection was defined as antibody titer ≥10 U/mL. Plasma antibody titers and H. pylori infection positivity rates
were compared between cases and controls. Results: Mean plasma antibody titers (standard deviation, range) were
11.1 U/mL (11.6, 0–78) in cases and 13.6 U/mL (23.0, 1–164) in controls. H. pylori infection positivity rates were
41% and 42% in cases and controls, respectively. No significant differences in antibody titers or H. pylori infection
positivity rates were found between cases and controls. Conclusions: We found no evidence of H. pylori infection as
an important risk factor for gallbladder cancer in Indian people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Tsuchiya
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
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Tsuchiya Y, Loza E, Villa-Gomez G, Trujillo CC, Baez S, Asai T, Ikoma T, Endoh K, Nakamura K. Metagenomics of Microbial Communities in Gallbladder Bile from Patients with Gallbladder Cancer or Cholelithiasis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:961-967. [PMID: 29693356 PMCID: PMC6031792 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.4.961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella typhi and Helicobacter infections have been shown to increase risk of gallbladder cancer (GBC), but findings have been inconsistent. Other bacterial infections may also be associated with GBC. However, information on microbial pathogens in gallbladder bile of GBC patients is scarce. We aimed to investigate the microbial communities in gallbladder bile of patients with GBC and cholelithiasis (CL). Seven GBC patients and 30 CL patients were enrolled in this study. Genomic DNA was extracted from bile and the V3-V4 region of 16S rRNA was amplified. The sequencing results were compared with the 16S database, and the bacteria were identified by homology searches and phylogenetic analysis. DNA was detected in the bile of three GBC (42.9%; Bolivia, 1; Chile, 2) and four CL patients (13.3%; Bolivia, 1; Chile, 3). Of the 37 patients, 30 (81.1%) were negative and unable to analyze. Salmonella typhi and Helicobacter sp. were not detected in bile from any GBC patients. As the predominant species, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Escherichia coli, and Enetrobacter sp. were detected in bile from GBC patients. Those in bile from CL patients were Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp., and Enerococcus gallinarum. Escherichia coli was detected in bile samples from both GBC and CL patients. Whether the bacteria detected in bile from GBC patients would associated with the development of GBC warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Tsuchiya
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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22
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Wi Y, Woo H, Won YJ, Jang JY, Shin A. Trends in Gallbladder Cancer Incidence and Survival in Korea. Cancer Res Treat 2018; 50:1444-1451. [PMID: 29370591 PMCID: PMC6192934 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2017.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The current study was undertaken to examine the trend in gallbladder cancer (GBC) incidenceand survival in Korea. Materials and Methods GBC incidence data by histologic typewere obtained from the Korea Central Cancer Registry.Age-standardized incidence rates were calculated using the mid-year Korean population of2000 as a standard population, and a joinpoint regression model was used to calculate theannual percent change (APC) in incidence rates. Incidence by Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) summary stage and by geographical areas and female-to-male incidencerate ratios was also described. Results The number of new GBC cases increased between 1999 and 2013. Nevertheless, the agestandardizedincidence rate decreased by 0.5% per year in men (p < 0.01), whereas theincidence rate in women did not change significantly over the same period (APC, –0.2;p=0.59). The most common histologic type was adenocarcinoma in both sexes. Based onthe SEER stage, the distant stage was the most frequent stage (41%), followed by theregional stage (37%). Ulsan (4.31/100,000 for men and 4.09/100,000 forwomen in 2009-2013) and Gyeongsangnam-do (4.15/100,000 for men and 3.54/100,000 for women)showed the highest GBC incidence, whereas the lowest incidence was observed in Seouland Gyeonggi-do. There were no significant sex differences in the incidence of GBC (femaleto-maleincidence rate ratio, 0.96). Conclusion The overall incidence of GBC in Korea did not change significantly over the 15-year period.Incidence for men and women was similar. However, geographical variation was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngjun Wi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeongtaek Woo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Joo Won
- Cancer Registration and Statistics Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jin-Young Jang
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Aesun Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Hsu JC, Chang SM, Lu CY. Geographic Variations and Time Trends in Cancer Treatments in Taiwan. BMC Public Health 2017; 18:89. [PMID: 28768504 PMCID: PMC5541736 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4615-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Targeted therapies have become important treatment options for cancer care in many countries. This study aimed to examine recent trends in utilization of antineoplastic drugs, particularly the use of targeted therapies for treatment of cancer, by geographic region in Taiwan (northern, midwestern, southern, and eastern regions and the outer islands). Methods This was a retrospective observational study of antineoplastic agents using 2009-2012 quarterly claims data from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database. Yearly market shares by prescription volume and costs for targeted therapies among total antineoplastic agents by region were estimated. We used multivariate regression model and ANOVA to examine variations in utilization of targeted therapies between geographic regions and used ARIMA models to estimate longitudinal trends. Results Population-adjusted use and costs of antineoplastic drugs (including targeted therapies) were highest in the southern region of Taiwan and lowest in the outer islands. We found a 4-fold difference in use of antineoplastic drugs and a 49-fold difference in use of targeted therapies between regions if the outer islands were included. There were minimal differences in use of antineoplastic drugs between other regions with about a 2-fold difference in use of targeted therapies. Without considering the outer islands, the market share by prescription volume and costs of targeted therapies increased almost 2-fold (1.84-1.90) and 1.5-fold (1.26-1.61) respectively between 2009 and 2012. Furthermore, region was not significantly associated with use of antineoplastic agents or use of targeted therapies after adjusting for confounders. Region was associated with costs of antineoplastic agents but it was not associated with costs of targeted therapies after confounding adjustments. Conclusions Use of antineoplastic drugs overall and use of targeted therapies for treatment of cancer varied somewhat between regions in Taiwan; use was notably low in the outer islands. Strategies might be needed to ensure access to cancer care in each region as economic burden of cancer care increase due to growing use of targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason C Hsu
- School of Pharmacy and Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, Daxue Rd., East Dist., Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.
| | - Sheng-Mao Chang
- Department of Statistics, College of Management, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Christine Y Lu
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
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Sharma A, Sharma KL, Gupta A, Yadav A, Kumar A. Gallbladder cancer epidemiology, pathogenesis and molecular genetics: Recent update. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:3978-3998. [PMID: 28652652 PMCID: PMC5473118 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i22.3978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer is a malignancy of biliary tract which is infrequent in developed countries but common in some specific geographical regions of developing countries. Late diagnosis and deprived prognosis are major problems for treatment of gallbladder carcinoma. The dramatic associations of this orphan cancer with various genetic and environmental factors are responsible for its poorly defined pathogenesis. An understanding to the relationship between epidemiology, molecular genetics and pathogenesis of gallbladder cancer can add new insights to its undetermined pathophysiology. Present review article provides a recent update regarding epidemiology, pathogenesis, and molecular genetics of gallbladder cancer. We systematically reviewed published literature on gallbladder cancer from online search engine PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed). Various keywords used for retrieval of articles were Gallbladder, cancer Epidemiology, molecular genetics and bullion operators like AND, OR, NOT. Cross references were manually searched from various online search engines (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed,https://scholar.google.co.in/, http://www.medline.com/home.jsp). Most of the articles published from 1982 to 2015 in peer reviewed journals have been included in this review.
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25
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Lee H, Ross JS. The potential role of comprehensive genomic profiling to guide targeted therapy for patients with biliary cancer. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2017; 10:507-520. [PMID: 28567120 PMCID: PMC5424872 DOI: 10.1177/1756283x17698090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Remarkable advancements in techniques of genomic profiling and bioinformatics have led to the accumulation of vast amounts of knowledge on the genomic profiles of biliary tract cancer (BTC). Recent largescale molecular profiling studies have not only highlighted genomic differences characterizing tumors of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts and gallbladder, but have also revealed differences in genomic profiles pertaining to associated risk factors. Novel genomic alterations such as FGFR2 fusions and IDH1/2 mutations in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and ERBB2 alterations in gallbladder cancer (GBCA) are emerging as targeted therapy options capable of advancing precision medicine for the care of these patients. Moreover, variable genomic alterations also appear to impact prognosis and overall disease outcome independent from their therapy selection value. High mutational burden and increased expression of immune checkpoint-related proteins observed in a subset of BTC also show a potential for guidance of immunotherapy. Thus, comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) is rapidly achieving status as an integral component of precision medicine and is starting to become invaluable in guiding the management of patients with BTC, a rare disease with dismal outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffrey S. Ross
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Subtypes of Native American ancestry and leading causes of death: Mapuche ancestry-specific associations with gallbladder cancer risk in Chile. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006756. [PMID: 28542165 PMCID: PMC5444600 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Latin Americans are highly heterogeneous regarding the type of Native American ancestry. Consideration of specific associations with common diseases may lead to substantial advances in unraveling of disease etiology and disease prevention. Here we investigate possible associations between the type of Native American ancestry and leading causes of death. After an aggregate-data study based on genome-wide genotype data from 1805 admixed Chileans and 639,789 deaths, we validate an identified association with gallbladder cancer relying on individual data from 64 gallbladder cancer patients, with and without a family history, and 170 healthy controls. Native American proportions were markedly underestimated when the two main types of Native American ancestry in Chile, originated from the Mapuche and Aymara indigenous peoples, were combined together. Consideration of the type of Native American ancestry was crucial to identify disease associations. Native American ancestry showed no association with gallbladder cancer mortality (P = 0.26). By contrast, each 1% increase in the Mapuche proportion represented a 3.7% increased mortality risk by gallbladder cancer (95%CI 3.1–4.3%, P = 6×10−27). Individual-data results and extensive sensitivity analyses confirmed the association between Mapuche ancestry and gallbladder cancer. Increasing Mapuche proportions were also associated with an increased mortality due to asthma and, interestingly, with a decreased mortality by diabetes. The mortality due to skin, bladder, larynx, bronchus and lung cancers increased with increasing Aymara proportions. Described methods should be considered in future studies on human population genetics and human health. Complementary individual-based studies are needed to apportion the genetic and non-genetic components of associations identified relying on aggregate-data. A lot of attention has been paid to Latino heterogeneity related to individual proportions of Native American, European and African ancestry. The importance of the type of Native American ancestry for health, however, has hardly been studied. Here we examined genetic data from 2,039 admixed Chileans to investigate possible associations between top causes of death and the two major types of Native American ancestry in Chile. Our findings demonstrate the necessity of suitable surrogates for ancestry estimation which mirror the actual composition of the study population, and the advantage of considering fine-scale Latino heterogeneity for unraveling of disease etiology and personalized healthcare.
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The ERK/MAPK pathway is overexpressed and activated in gallbladder cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2017; 213:476-482. [PMID: 28285962 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2017.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a highly fatal disease with poor prognosis and few therapeutic alternatives. Molecular profiling has revealed that the deregulation in the ERK/MAPK signaling pathway plays a crucial role in many disease and malignancies, including GBC. The aim of this study was to measure the expression of ERK1/2 and p-ERK1/2 in a population with high GBC-related mortality, such as the Chilean population, and characterize the protein expression of this ERK/MAPK pathway in seven GBC cell lines. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for ERK1/2 and p-ERK1/2 was performed in 123 GBC tissues and 37 chronic cholecystitis (CC) tissues. In addition, protein expression analysis by western blot for ERK1/2, p-ERK1/2, EGFR, ERBB2 and ERBB3 were performed in seven GBC cell lines (GB-d1, G415, NOZ, OCUG-1, TGBC-1, TGBC-2 and TGBC-24). A higher ERK1/2 and p-ERK1/2 expression was found in GBC tissues compared to chronic cholecystitis (CC) tissues (P<0.001). However, neither significant differences in overall survival nor significant associations with any of the clinicopathological features were found by comparing low and high expression of both ERK1/2 and p-ERK1/2. Western blot analysis of seven GBC cell lines showed that, in general, GB-d1, G415 and NOZ cells evidenced a strong expression of ERK1/2, p-ERK1/2, EGFR, ERBB2 and ERBB3. Therefore, ERK1/2 and p-ERK1/2 seem to be important in the development of GBC and GB-d1, G415 and NOZ cell lines may be used as experimental models for further in vitro and in vivo studies that help to decipher the role of MAPK/ERK pathway in gallbladder carcinogenesis.
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Are C, Ahmad H, Ravipati A, Croo D, Clarey D, Smith L, Price RR, Butte JM, Gupta S, Chaturvedi A, Chowdhury S. Global epidemiological trends and variations in the burden of gallbladder cancer. J Surg Oncol 2017; 115:580-590. [DOI: 10.1002/jso.24546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chandrakanth Are
- Division of Surgical Oncology; Department of Surgery; University of Nebraska Medical Center; Omaha Nebraska
| | - Humera Ahmad
- Department of Surgery; Gundersen Medical Foundation; La Crosse Wisconsin
| | | | - Darren Croo
- Division of Surgical Oncology; Department of Surgery; University of Nebraska Medical Center; Omaha Nebraska
| | - Dillon Clarey
- Division of Surgical Oncology; Department of Surgery; University of Nebraska Medical Center; Omaha Nebraska
| | - Lynette Smith
- College of Public Health; University of Nebraska Medical Center; Omaha Nebraska
| | - Ray R. Price
- University of Utah Health Care; Salt Lake City; Utah
| | - Jean M. Butte
- Department of Surgery; Instituto Oncológico Fundación Arturo López Pérez; Rancagua 878 Santiago Chile
| | - Sameer Gupta
- Department of Surgical Oncology; King George's Medical University; Lucknow India
| | - Arun Chaturvedi
- Department of Surgical Oncology; King George's Medical University; Lucknow India
| | - Sanjib Chowdhury
- Section of Gastroenterology; Department of Medicine; Boston University Medical Center; Boston Massachusetts
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Koshiol J, Wozniak A, Cook P, Adaniel C, Acevedo J, Azócar L, Hsing AW, Roa JC, Pasetti MF, Miquel JF, Levine MM, Ferreccio C. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and gallbladder cancer: a case-control study and meta-analysis. Cancer Med 2016; 5:3310-3235. [PMID: 27726295 PMCID: PMC5119987 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In Chile, where gallbladder cancer (GBC) rates are high and typhoid fever was endemic until the 1990s, we evaluated the association between Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) antibodies and GBC. We tested 39 GBC cases, 40 gallstone controls, and 39 population-based controls for S. Typhi Vi antibodies and performed culture and quantitative polymerase chain reaction for the subset with bile, gallstone, tissue, and stool samples available. We calculated gender and education-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association with GBC. We also conducted a meta-analysis of >1000 GBC cases by combining our results with previous studies. GBC cases were more likely to have high Vi antibody titer levels than combined controls (OR: 4.0, 95% CI: 0.9-18.3), although S. Typhi was not recovered from bile, gallstone, tissue, or stool samples. In our meta-analysis, the summary relative risk was 4.6 (95% CI: 3.1-6.8, Pheterogeneity =0.6) for anti-Vi and 5.0 (95% CI: 2.7-9.3, Pheterogeneity = 0.2) for bile or stool culture. Our results are consistent with the meta-analysis. Despite differences in study methods (e.g., S. Typhi detection assay), most studies found a positive association between S. Typhi and GBC. However, the mechanism underlying this association requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Koshiol
- Infections and Immunoepidemiology BranchDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and GeneticsNational Cancer InstituteMD
| | - Aniela Wozniak
- Laboratory of MicrobiologyPontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Paz Cook
- Escuela de MedicinaAdvanced Center for Chronic DiseasesACCDiSPontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Christina Adaniel
- Laboratory of MicrobiologyPontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Johanna Acevedo
- Escuela de MedicinaAdvanced Center for Chronic DiseasesACCDiSPontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Lorena Azócar
- Department of GastroenterologySchool of MedicinePontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Ann W. Hsing
- Stanford Cancer InstitutePalo AltoCA
- Department of Health Research and PolicyStanford School of MedicinePalo AltoCA
| | - Juan C. Roa
- Department of PathologySchool of MedicinePontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Marcela F. Pasetti
- Center for Vaccine DevelopmentUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMD
| | - Juan F. Miquel
- Department of GastroenterologySchool of MedicinePontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Myron M. Levine
- Center for Vaccine DevelopmentUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMD
| | - Catterina Ferreccio
- Escuela de MedicinaAdvanced Center for Chronic DiseasesACCDiSPontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile
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Sohal DP, Shrotriya S, Abazeed M, Cruise M, Khorana A. Molecular characteristics of biliary tract cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2016; 107:111-118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Izarzugaza MI, Fernández L, Forman D, Sierra MS. Burden of gallbladder cancer in Central and South America. Cancer Epidemiol 2016; 44 Suppl 1:S82-S89. [PMID: 27678326 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2016.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVE Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) is a rare neoplasm yet it is the most common malignancy of the biliary tract and its prognosis is poor. Incidence of GBC is high in some areas of Central and South America and the Caribbean. We described the current burden of GBC in Central and South America (CSA). METHODS We obtained GBC incidence data from 48 population-based cancer registries in 13 countries in CSA, and national level cancer death data from the WHO mortality data base for 18 countries. We estimated World population age-standardized incidence and mortality rates per 100,000 persons-years, including distribution and incidence rates by anatomic subsite. RESULTS GBC rates were the highest in countries located in the Andean region. In 2003-2007, Chile had the highest incidence and mortality rates in CSA (17.1 and 12.9 in females and 7.3 and 6.0 in males, respectively). Females had higher GBC rates than males. The most frequently diagnosed anatomic subsite was gallbladder (60%). Unspecified subsite represented 21% of all cases. Trends in incidence and mortality of GBC remained unchanged in Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Costa Rica in 1998-2008. CONCLUSION GBC rates varied extensively across the CSA region reflecting, in part, differences in data quality, coverage and healthcare access. Chile had the highest GBC rates in CSA and the world. The large proportion of unspecified cases indicates low precision in diagnosis/registration and highlights the need to promote and improve cancer registration in the region to better understand the burden of GBC in CSA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leticia Fernández
- National School of Public Health of Cuba, Biostatistics Department, Cuba
| | - David Forman
- The International Agency for Research on Cancer, Cancer Surveillance Section, Lyon, France
| | - Mónica S Sierra
- The International Agency for Research on Cancer, Cancer Surveillance Section, Lyon, France.
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Li L, Gan Y, Li W, Wu C, Lu Z. Overweight, obesity and the risk of gallbladder and extrahepatic bile duct cancers: A meta-analysis of observational studies. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2016; 24:1786-802. [PMID: 27392541 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epidemiological studies have repeatedly investigated the association between excess body weight and the risk of biliary tract cancer with inconsistent results. The objective of this study was to quantitatively assess the associations between overweight and obesity and the risk of biliary tract cancer. METHODS A comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases up to August 2015 was conducted, and the reference lists of retrieved articles for additional relevant studies were manually searched. RESULTS Fourteen prospective cohort studies and 15 case-control studies were included in this meta-analysis. These studies included 11,448,397 participants (6,733 patients with gallbladder cancer [GBC] and 5,798 patients with extrahepatic bile duct cancer [EBDC]) with follow-up durations ranging from 5 to 23 years. Among overweight adults, the pooled RR was 1.17 (95% CI, 1.07-1.28) for GBC and 1.26 (95% CI, 1.14-1.39) for EBDC, and among people with obesity, the pooled RR was 1.62 (95% CI, 1.49-1.75) for GBC and 1.48 (95% CI, 1.21-1.81) for EBDC. Visual inspection of the funnel plots and the Begg's and the Egger's tests did not show enough evidence of publication bias. CONCLUSIONS Integrated evidence from this meta-analysis suggests that excess body weight is associated with a significantly increased risk of GBC and EBDC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqing Li
- Department of Management, School of Economics and Management, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yong Gan
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wenzheng Li
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chunmei Wu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zuxun Lu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Ikoma T, Tsuchiya Y, Asai T, Okano K, Ito N, Endoh K, Yamamoto M, Nakamura K. Ochratoxin A Contamination of Red Chili Peppers from Chile, Bolivia and Peru, Countries with a High Incidence of Gallbladder Cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:5987-91. [PMID: 26320485 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.14.5987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study detected aflatoxins in red chili peppers from Chile, Bolivia, and Peru, each of which have a high incidence of gallbladder cancer (GBC). Since the aflatoxin B1 concentration was not so high in these peppers, it is important to clarify the presence of other mycotoxins. Here we attempted to determine any associations between the concentrations of aflatoxins and ochratoxin A (OTA) in red chili peppers, and the corresponding GBC incidences. We collected red chili peppers from three areas in Peru: Trujillo (a high GBC incidence area), Cusco (an intermediate GBC incidence area), and Lima (a low GBC incidence rate), and from Chile and Bolivia. Aflatoxins and OTA were extracted with organic solvents. The concentrations of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2, and OTA were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. The values obtained were compared with the incidence of GBC in each area or country. All of the red chili peppers from the three areas showed contamination with aflatoxins below the Commission of the European Communities (EC) recommended limits (5 μg/kg), but the OTA contamination of two samples was above the EC recommended limit (15 μg/kg). The mean concentrations of OTA in the peppers from Chile (mean 355 μg/kg, range <5-1,059 μg/kg) and Bolivia (mean 207 μg/kg, range 0.8-628 μg/kg), which has a high incidence of GBC, were higher than that in Peru (14 μg/kg, range <5-47 μg/kg), which has an intermediate GBC incidence. The OTA contamination in the red chili peppers from Chile, Bolivia, and Peru was stronger than that of aflatoxins. Our data suggest that OTA in red chili peppers may be associated with the development of GBC.
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Roa I, Garcia H, Game A, de Toro G, de Aretxabala X, Javle M. Somatic Mutations of PI3K in Early and Advanced Gallbladder Cancer. J Mol Diagn 2016; 18:388-394. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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The case for aflatoxins in the causal chain of gallbladder cancer. Med Hypotheses 2016; 86:47-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2015.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Avilés-Jiménez F, Guitron A, Segura-López F, Méndez-Tenorio A, Iwai S, Hernández-Guerrero A, Torres J. Microbiota studies in the bile duct strongly suggest a role for Helicobacter pylori in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Clin Microbiol Infect 2015; 22:178.e11-178.e22. [PMID: 26493848 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Biliary tract cancer or extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ECCA) represents the sixth commonest cause of cancer in the gastrointestinal tract in western countries. We aimed to characterize the microbiota and its predicted associated functions in the biliary tract of ECCA and benign biliary pathology (BBP). Samples were taken from 100 patients with ECCA and 100 patients with BBP by endoscopic cholangio-pancreatography for DNA extraction. Ten patients with ECCA and ten with BBP were selected for microbiota studies using the V4-16S rRNA gene and sequenced in Illumina platform. Microbiota analyses included sample-to-sample distance metrics, ordination/clustering and prediction of functions. Presence of Nesterenkonia sp. and Helicobacter pylori cagA and vacA genes were tested in the 100 ECCA and 100 BBP samples. Phylum Proteobacteria dominated all samples (60.4% average). Ordination multicomponent analyses showed significant microbiota separation between ECCA and BBP (p 0.010). Analyses of 4002 operational taxonomic units with presence variation in at least one category probed a separation of ECCA from BBP. Among these, Nesterenkonia decreased, whereas Methylophilaceae, Fusobacterium, Prevotella, Actinomyces, Novosphingobium and H. pylori increased in ECCA. Predicted associated functions showed increased abundance of H. pylori virulence genes in ECCA. cagA and vacA genes were confirmed by PCR in ECCA and BBP samples. This is the first microbiota report in ECCA and BBP to show significant changes in microbial composition. Bacterial species unusual for human flora were found: Methylophilaceae and Nesterenkonia are reported in hypersaline soils, and Mesorhizobium is a nitrogen-fixing bacterium. Enrichment of virulence genes confirms previous studies suggesting that H. pylori might be associated with ECCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Avilés-Jiménez
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, UMAE Pediatría, IMSS, Mexico
| | - A Guitron
- Departamento de Endoscopía Digestiva, UMAE 71 IMSS, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - F Segura-López
- Departamento de Anestesiología, UMAE 71 IMSS, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - A Méndez-Tenorio
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Bioinformática Genómica, ENCB, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico
| | - S Iwai
- Second Genome, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - J Torres
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, UMAE Pediatría, IMSS, Mexico.
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Roa I, de Toro G, Fernández F, Game A, Muñoz S, de Aretxabala X, Javle M. Inactivation of tumor suppressor gene pten in early and advanced gallbladder cancer. Diagn Pathol 2015; 10:148. [PMID: 26294099 PMCID: PMC4546176 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-015-0381-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background PTEN is a tumor suppressor gene that regulates the PTEN/PI3k/AKT/mTOR pathway, which is frequently altered in human cancers including gallbladder cancer (GBC). To determine the frequency of PTEN expression in GBC and to establish its relation to clinical and morphological parameters and survival in GBC. Methods The immunohistochemical expression of PTEN was studied in 108 GBC. All the cases included areas of non-tumor mucosa adjacent to the tumor. Results The group was comprised of 108 patients, 91 women (84.3 %) and 17 men (15.7 %) with an average age of 65.2 years (SD ± 12.3 years). Thirty-five cases (33 %) were early carcinomas (EC) and the remaining 73 (67 %) were advanced cases (AC). All the internal controls were positive (moderate or intense in 96.3 %). Only in three AC (4.1 %) was there a complete absence of PTEN immunohistochemical expression. There were no significant differences in relation between PTEN expression and tumor infiltration or degree of differentiation. The three patients with PTEN inactivation died before 10 months; however, the other patients with AC had a survival of 53 % at 10 months. Discussion Loss of PTEN expression was observed in 4.1 % of the advanced GBC. All the patients with this alteration died before 10 months. PTEN inactivation could be a rare event, but with a poor prognosis in advanced GBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Roa
- Creative Bioscience Santiago, Avenida Del Valle Norte 857. Oficina 102, Ciudad Empresarial, Huechuraba Santiago, 8580702, Chile.
| | - Gonzalo de Toro
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica Hospital de Puerto Montt, Puerto Montt, Chile.
| | | | - Anakaren Game
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Sergio Muñoz
- Departamento de Salud Pública, CIGES, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
| | | | - Milind Javle
- Javle, Milind UT-MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Burotto M, Prasad V. Emphasizing unique strengths and eliminating redundancy for research in low-income and middle-income countries: Lessons from a South American country. Cancer 2015; 121:2668-70. [PMID: 25903222 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.29408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Burotto
- Medical Oncology Service, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Vinay Prasad
- Medical Oncology Service, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Gallbladder cancer (GBC) should be considered an orphan disease in oncology and represent a unique carcinogenetic model. This review will analyse some of the current aspects of GBC. RECENT FINDINGS Chile has the highest incidence and mortality of GBC in the world. Most patients are diagnosed in advanced stages with few treatment options. During the last two decades, little progress has been made in early diagnosis and treatment. At the molecular level, recent access to next-generation sequencing and other techniques for detecting the mutations of multiple genes have made advances in this area. SUMMARY The use of therapies targeted according to the detection of specific molecular alterations is in the early stages of evaluation and could represent a significant advance in the treatment of a large number of patients from developing countries.
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Segura-López FK, Güitrón-Cantú A, Torres J. Association between Helicobacter spp. infections and hepatobiliary malignancies: a review. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:1414-23. [PMID: 25663761 PMCID: PMC4316084 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i5.1414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatobiliary cancers are highly lethal cancers that comprise a spectrum of invasive carcinomas originating in the liver hepatocellular carcinoma, the bile ducts intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, the gallbladder and the ampulla of Vater (collectively known as biliary tract cancers). These tumors account for approximately 13% of all annual cancer-related deaths worldwide and for 10%-20% of deaths from hepatobiliary malignancies. Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a devastating disease that displays a poor survival rate for which few therapeutic options are available. Population genetics, geographical and environmental factors, cholelithiasis, obesity, parity, and endemic infection with liver flukes have been identified as risk factors that influence the development of biliary tract tumors. Other important factors affecting the carcinogenesis of these tumors include chronic inflammation, obstruction of the bile ducts, and impaired bile flow. It has been suggested that CCA is caused by infection with Helicobacter species, such as Helicobacter bilis and Helicobacter hepaticus, in a manner that is similar to the reported role of Helicobacter pylori in distal gastric cancer. Due to the difficulty in culturing these Helicobacter species, molecular methods, such as polymerase chain reaction and sequencing, or immunologic assays have become the methods of choice for diagnosis. However, clinical studies of benign or malignant biliary tract diseases revealed remarkable variability in the methods and the findings, and the use of uniform and validated techniques is needed.
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Jimenez de la Jara J, Bastias G, Ferreccio C, Moscoso C, Sagues S, Cid C, Bronstein E, Herrera C, Nervi B, Corvalan A, Velasquez EV, Gonzalez P, Castellon E, Bustamante E, Oñate S, McNerney E, Sullivan R, Owen GI. A snapshot of cancer in Chile: analytical frameworks for developing a cancer policy. Biol Res 2015; 48:10. [PMID: 25761441 PMCID: PMC4417314 DOI: 10.1186/0717-6287-48-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The South American country Chile now boasts a life expectancy of over 80 years. As a consequence, Chile now faces the increasing social and economic burden of cancer and must implement political policy to deliver equitable cancer care. Hindering the development of a national cancer policy is the lack of comprehensive analysis of cancer infrastructure and economic impact. OBJECTIVES Evaluate existing cancer policy, the extent of national investigation and the socio-economic impact of cancer to deliver guidelines for the framing of an equitable national cancer policy. METHODS Burden, research and care-policy systems were assessed by triangulating objective system metrics--epidemiological, economic, etc.--with political and policy analysis. Analysis of the literature and governmental databases was performed. The oncology community was interviewed and surveyed. RESULTS Chile utilizes 1% of its gross domestic product on cancer care and treatment. We estimate that the economic impact as measured in Disability Adjusted Life Years to be US$ 3.5 billion. Persistent inequalities still occur in cancer distribution and treatment. A high quality cancer research community is expanding, however, insufficient funding is directed towards disproportionally prevalent stomach, lung and gallbladder cancers. CONCLUSIONS Chile has a rapidly ageing population wherein 40% smoke, 67% are overweight and 18% abuse alcohol, and thus the corresponding burden of cancer will have a negative impact on an affordable health care system. We conclude that the Chilean government must develop a national cancer strategy, which the authors outline herein and believe is essential to permit equitable cancer care for the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Jimenez de la Jara
- />Department of Public Health, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- />Biomedical Research Consortium Chile, Santiago, Chile
- />Centro de Evaluación de Intervenciones en Salud (CEISALUD-UC), Santiago, Chile
- />Center UC Investigation in Oncology (CITO), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- />Foro Nacional de Cancer, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gabriel Bastias
- />Department of Public Health, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- />Centro de Evaluación de Intervenciones en Salud (CEISALUD-UC), Santiago, Chile
| | - Catterina Ferreccio
- />Department of Public Health, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- />Fondap ACCDiS, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Moscoso
- />Department of Public Health, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- />Centro de Evaluación de Intervenciones en Salud (CEISALUD-UC), Santiago, Chile
- />Foro Nacional de Cancer, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sofia Sagues
- />Department of Public Health, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- />Centro de Evaluación de Intervenciones en Salud (CEISALUD-UC), Santiago, Chile
| | - Camilo Cid
- />Department of Public Health, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- />Centro de Evaluación de Intervenciones en Salud (CEISALUD-UC), Santiago, Chile
- />Foro Nacional de Cancer, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eduardo Bronstein
- />Department of Public Health, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- />Centro de Evaluación de Intervenciones en Salud (CEISALUD-UC), Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Herrera
- />Department of Public Health, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- />Centro de Evaluación de Intervenciones en Salud (CEISALUD-UC), Santiago, Chile
- />Foro Nacional de Cancer, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bruno Nervi
- />Department of Haematology and Oncology Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- />Center UC Investigation in Oncology (CITO), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- />Foro Nacional de Cancer, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro Corvalan
- />Department of Haematology and Oncology Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- />Fondap ACCDiS, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- />Grupo Oncológico Cooperativo Chileno de Investigación (GOCCHI), Región Metropolitana, Chile
- />Center UC Investigation in Oncology (CITO), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- />Foro Nacional de Cancer, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ethel V Velasquez
- />Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- />Comisión Chilena de Energía Nuclear, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pamela Gonzalez
- />Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- />Biomedical Research Consortium Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Enrique Castellon
- />Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- />Foro Nacional de Cancer, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eva Bustamante
- />Fundación Arturo López Pérez, Santiago, Chile
- />Foro Nacional de Cancer, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio Oñate
- />Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- />Foro Nacional de Cancer, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eileen McNerney
- />Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- />Foro Nacional de Cancer, Santiago, Chile
| | - Richard Sullivan
- />King’s College London and Institute of Cancer Policy, Kings Health Partners Cancer Centre, London, UK
| | - Gareth I Owen
- />Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- />Biomedical Research Consortium Chile, Santiago, Chile
- />Fondap ACCDiS, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- />Grupo Oncológico Cooperativo Chileno de Investigación (GOCCHI), Región Metropolitana, Chile
- />Center UC Investigation in Oncology (CITO), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- />Foro Nacional de Cancer, Santiago, Chile
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Pathology of Gallbladder Carcinoma: Current Understanding and New Perspectives. Pathol Oncol Res 2015; 21:509-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s12253-014-9886-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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44
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Roa I, Ibacache G, Muñoz S, de Aretxabala X. Gallbladder cancer in Chile: Pathologic characteristics of survival and prognostic factors: analysis of 1,366 cases. Am J Clin Pathol 2014; 141:675-82. [PMID: 24713738 DOI: 10.1309/ajcpqt3eln2bbcka] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore gallbladder cancer (GBC), the second leading cause of cancer-related death in women in Chile. METHODS Analysis of macroscopic and microscopic variables, morphometry, and survival in 1,366 patients with GBC. RESULTS Patients comprised 1,138 women and 228 men; diagnoses included 213 (15.6%) cases of mucosal carcinoma, 132 (9.7%) cases of muscular carcinoma, 316 (23.1%) cases of subserosal carcinoma, 382 (28.0%) cases of serosal carcinoma, and 323 (23.6%) cases beyond the serosa. Women older than 55 years with a gallbladder length greater than 9.5 cm had a five-times-greater relative risk of cancer. Those with a gallbladder wall thickness less than 7 mm had a better 5-year survival rate than those with a gallbladder wall thickness greater than 10 mm (P = .0001). Patients who had cholesterolosis of the gallbladder had 9.2 times less probability of having cancer. The infiltration level of the gallbladder wall was the most important independent prognostic factor (P < .001), followed by differentiation and lymphatic involvement (P < .001 and P = .05, respectively). Vascular infiltration had a mortality rate of 100%. CONCLUSIONS Morphologic features are strongly associated with the prognosis of GBC and must be taken into consideration when supplementary treatment is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Roa
- Molecular Laboratory, Creative Bioscience, Santiago, Chile
- Histopathology and Cytopathology Diagnosis Center, Temuco, Chile
| | - Gilda Ibacache
- Histopathology and Cytopathology Diagnosis Center, Temuco, Chile
| | - Sergio Muñoz
- CIGES Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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Roa I, de Toro G, Schalper K, de Aretxabala X, Churi C, Javle M. Overexpression of the HER2/neu Gene: A New Therapeutic Possibility for Patients With Advanced Gallbladder Cancer. GASTROINTESTINAL CANCER RESEARCH : GCR 2014; 7:42-8. [PMID: 24799970 PMCID: PMC4007675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The HER2/neu gene is a proto-oncogene that can predict the response to treatment with trastuzumab, pertuzumab, and lapatinib. This study was conducted to determine the frequency of HER2/neu overexpression and to identify a subgroup of patients with gallbladder cancer who would benefit from targeted therapy. METHODS Patients with gallbladder cancer (n = 187; 165 women and 22 men) with a recorded follow-up of at least 5 years were included, along with control subjects (n = 75). An automated immunohistochemical technique was used with an anti-ErbB2 antibody. Scoring was conducted according to the CAP/ASCO (College of American Pathologists/American Society of Clinical Oncology) criteria for breast cancer. RESULTS Overexpression of HER2/neu was observed in 12.8% of the cases. Of those, 0% were mucosal, 14.3% muscular, 12.8% subserosal, and 10.6% serosal. In 20% of the cases, equivocal staining was observed. Overexpression was more frequent in the advanced cancers and in the better differentiated tumors (13.8% and 17.4%, respectively), but the difference was nonsignificant. The patients with overexpression of HER2/neu had a worse overall survival, when compared with those who had no expression at 5 years (34% vs. 41%). CONCLUSION This is the single largest study of HER2/neu expression in gallbladder cancer to use commonly accepted scoring criteria. The results indicate that HER2/neu overexpression occurred in 14% of the advanced gallbladder cancer cases. This subgroup may benefit from inhibitors of the HER2/neu pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Roa
- Creative Bioscience Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Kurt Schalper
- Pathology Department Faculty of Medicine Yale University New Haven, CT
| | | | - Chaitanya Churi
- Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology UT-MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, TX
| | - Milind Javle
- Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology UT-MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, TX
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Abstract
Gallbladder cancer remains a relatively rare malignancy with a highly variable presentation. Gallbladder cancer is the most common biliary tract malignancy with the worst overall prognosis. With the advent of the laparoscope, in comparison with historical controls, this disease is now more commonly diagnosed incidentally and at an earlier stage. However, when symptoms of jaundice and pain are present, the prognosis remains dismal. From a surgical perspective, gallbladder cancer can be suspected preoperatively, identified intraoperatively, or discovered incidentally on final surgical pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Wernberg
- Department of General Surgery, Marshfield Clinic, 1000 North Oak Avenue, Marshfield, WI 54449, USA.
| | - Dustin D Lucarelli
- Department of General Surgery, Marshfield Clinic, 1000 North Oak Avenue, Marshfield, WI 54449, USA
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Moore SP, Forman D, Piñeros M, Fernández SM, de Oliveira Santos M, Bray F. Cancer in indigenous people in Latin America and the Caribbean: a review. Cancer Med 2014; 3:70-80. [PMID: 24403278 PMCID: PMC3930391 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 07/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death in Latin America but there have been few assessments of the cancer burden for the 10% of the population who are indigenous. Evidence from other world regions suggests cancer survival is poorer for indigenous people than for others due to a greater incidence of case-fatal cancers, later stage at diagnosis, and less cancer treatment. A status report on the cancer profile of indigenous people in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) is therefore clearly warranted. We undertook a systematic review of the peer-reviewed literature in academic databases, and considered evidence from cancer registries from 1980, to assess cancer epidemiology among indigenous people in LAC. We identified 35 peer-reviewed articles pertaining to cancer in indigenous people. Rates of cervical cancer in parts of Brazil, Ecuador, and Guyana, stomach cancer rates in regions of Chile and gallbladder rates in Chile and Bolivia, were higher for indigenous compared to others. Breast cancer rates were lower in Ecuador, Brazil, and Chile. Six cancer registries in Brazil provided incidence data but no other reports of incidence, mortality, or survival were identified. There was a paucity of data surrounding the cancer burden of indigenous people in LAC. In view of predicted increases in cancer rates in ensuing decades, and the disparities in burden already experienced by indigenous people in the region, it is imperative that cancer profiles are obtained and cancer control measures identified and prioritized.
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Epidemiology of Cholangiocarcinoma and Gallbladder Carcinoma. BILIARY TRACT AND GALLBLADDER CANCER 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-40558-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Augustine MM, Fong Y. Epidemiology and risk factors of biliary tract and primary liver tumors. Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2013; 23:171-88. [PMID: 24560105 DOI: 10.1016/j.soc.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Primary liver and biliary tract tumors encompass a range of benign and malignant neoplasms. They consist of histologically distinct types of tumors that arise from and are influenced by hepatocytes, biliary epithelial cells, and mesenchymal cells. Improvements in imaging have allowed the detection and diagnosis of these neoplasms to be refined. Investigation at the histologic, molecular, and genetic levels has allowed neoplasms to be categorized and treated. Epidemiology has improved understanding of geographic, ethnic, gender, and cultural differences that link exposures with cancer risk. This article focuses on the epidemiology of major primary adult liver and biliary tract tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew M Augustine
- Hepatobiliary Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 353 East 68th Street, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yuman Fong
- Hepatobiliary Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 353 East 68th Street, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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50
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Mario Uribe M, Clauio Heine T, Freddy Brito M, Diana Bravo L. Actualización en cáncer de vesícula biliar. REVISTA MÉDICA CLÍNICA LAS CONDES 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0716-8640(13)70202-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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