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de Biase MS, Massip F, Wei TT, Giorgi FM, Stark R, Stone A, Gladwell A, O'Reilly M, Schütte D, de Santiago I, Meyer KB, Markowetz F, Ponder BAJ, Rintoul RC, Schwarz RF. Smoking-associated gene expression alterations in nasal epithelium reveal immune impairment linked to lung cancer risk. Genome Med 2024; 16:54. [PMID: 38589970 PMCID: PMC11000304 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-024-01317-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in the world. In contrast to many other cancers, a direct connection to modifiable lifestyle risk in the form of tobacco smoke has long been established. More than 50% of all smoking-related lung cancers occur in former smokers, 40% of which occur more than 15 years after smoking cessation. Despite extensive research, the molecular processes for persistent lung cancer risk remain unclear. We thus set out to examine whether risk stratification in the clinic and in the general population can be improved upon by the addition of genetic data and to explore the mechanisms of the persisting risk in former smokers. METHODS We analysed transcriptomic data from accessible airway tissues of 487 subjects, including healthy volunteers and clinic patients of different smoking statuses. We developed a computational model to assess smoking-associated gene expression changes and their reversibility after smoking is stopped, comparing healthy subjects to clinic patients with and without lung cancer. RESULTS We find persistent smoking-associated immune alterations to be a hallmark of the clinic patients. Integrating previous GWAS data using a transcriptional network approach, we demonstrate that the same immune- and interferon-related pathways are strongly enriched for genes linked to known genetic risk factors, demonstrating a causal relationship between immune alteration and lung cancer risk. Finally, we used accessible airway transcriptomic data to derive a non-invasive lung cancer risk classifier. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide initial evidence for germline-mediated personalized smoke injury response and risk in the general population, with potential implications for managing long-term lung cancer incidence and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Stella de Biase
- Berlin Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Hannoversche Strasse 28, 10115, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Florian Massip
- Berlin Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Hannoversche Strasse 28, 10115, Berlin, Germany.
- MINES Paris, PSL University, CBIO-Centre for Computational Biology, 60 bd Saint Michel, 75006, Paris, France.
- Institut Curie, Cedex, Paris, France.
- INSERM, U900, Cedex, Paris, France.
| | - Tzu-Ting Wei
- Berlin Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Hannoversche Strasse 28, 10115, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Federico M Giorgi
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AY, UK
- Present Address: Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rory Stark
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AY, UK
| | - Amanda Stone
- Papworth Trials Unit Collaboration, Department of Oncology, Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0AY, UK
| | - Amy Gladwell
- Papworth Trials Unit Collaboration, Department of Oncology, Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0AY, UK
| | - Martin O'Reilly
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AY, UK
- Present Address: MRC Toxicology Unit, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Daniel Schütte
- Institute for Computational Cancer Biology (ICCB), Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Cancer Research Center Cologne Essen (CCCE), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Am Weyertal 115C, Gebäude 74, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ines de Santiago
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AY, UK
- Present Address: e-therapeutics plc, 17 Blenheim Office Park, Long Hanborough, OX29 8LN, UK
| | - Kerstin B Meyer
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AY, UK
- Present Address: The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Florian Markowetz
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AY, UK
| | - Bruce A J Ponder
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AY, UK.
| | - Robert C Rintoul
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AY, UK.
- Papworth Trials Unit Collaboration, Department of Oncology, Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0AY, UK.
- Department of Oncology, Early Cancer Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK.
| | - Roland F Schwarz
- Berlin Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Hannoversche Strasse 28, 10115, Berlin, Germany.
- BIFOLD - Berlin Institute for the Foundations of Learning and Data, Berlin, Germany.
- Institute for Computational Cancer Biology (ICCB), Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Cancer Research Center Cologne Essen (CCCE), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Am Weyertal 115C, Gebäude 74, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
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Zhou K, Wu C, Cheng W, Zhang B, Wei R, Cheng D, Li Y, Cao Y, Zhang W, Yao Z, Zhang X. Transglutaminase 3 regulates cutaneous squamous carcinoma differentiation and inhibits progression via PI3K-AKT signaling pathway-mediated Keratin 14 degradation. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:252. [PMID: 38589352 PMCID: PMC11001918 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06626-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous carcinoma is the second most common epithelial malignancy, associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and economic burden. However, the mechanisms underlying cSCC remain poorly understood. In this study, we identified TGM3 as a novel cSCC tumor suppressor that acts via the PI3K-AKT axis. RT-qPCR, IHC and western blotting were employed to assess TGM3 levels. TGM3-overexpression/knockdown cSCC cell lines were utilized to detect TGM3's impact on epithelial differentiation as well as tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro. Additionally, subcutaneous xenograft tumor models were employed to examine the effect of TGM3 knockdown on tumor growth in vivo. Finally, molecular and biochemical approaches were employed to gain insight into the tumor-suppressing mechanisms of TGM3. TGM3 expression was increased in well-differentiated cSCC tumors, whereas it was decreased in poor-differentiated cSCC tumors. Loss of TGM3 is associated with poor differentiation and a high recurrence rate in patients with cSCC. TGM3 exhibited tumor-suppressing activity by regulating cell proliferation, migration, and invasion both in vitro and in vivo. As a novel cSCC tumor differentiation marker, TGM3 expression was positively correlated with cell differentiation. In addition, our results demonstrated an interaction between TGM3 and KRT14 that aids in the degradation of KRT14. TGM3 deficiency disrupts keratinocytes differentiation, and ultimately leads to tumorigenesis. Furthermore, RNA-sequence analysis revealed that loss of TGM3 enhanced EMT via the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. Deguelin, a PI3K-AKT inhibitor, blocked cSCC tumor growth induced by TGM3 knockdown in vivo. Taken together, TGM3 inhibits cSCC tumor growth via PI3K-AKT signaling, which could also serve as a tumor differentiation marker and a potential therapeutic target for cSCC. Proposed model depicted the mechanism by which TGM3 suppress cSCC development. TGM3 reduces the phosphorylation level of AKT and degrades KRT14. In the epithelial cell layer, TGM3 exhibits a characteristic pattern of increasing expression from bottom to top, while KRT14 and pAKT are the opposite. Loss of TGM3 leads to reduced degradation of KRT14 and activation of pAKT, disrupting keratinocyte differentiation, and eventually resulting in the occurrence of low-differentiated cSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Zhou
- Dermatology Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenglong Wu
- Dermatology Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjie Cheng
- Dermatology Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Boyuan Zhang
- Dermatology Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruoqu Wei
- Dermatology Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Daian Cheng
- Dermatology Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Li
- Dermatology Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Dermatology Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- Dermatology Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhirong Yao
- Dermatology Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xue Zhang
- Dermatology Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Chen R, Fang T, Liu N, Shi X, Wang J, Yu H. Transglutaminase 3 suppresses proliferation and cisplatin resistance of cervical cancer cells by inactivation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:2269-2280. [PMID: 37812238 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02757-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that dysregulation of transglutaminase 3 (TGM3) is related to the aggressive progression of several cancer types. Our study aimed to determine the function of TGM3 in cervical cancer (CC) tumorigenesis. Gene expression profiles GSE63514, GSE9750, GSE46857 and GSE67522 were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Overlapping differential expressed genes (DEGs) in CC were screened using GEO2R online tool and Venn diagram software. The Kaplan-Meier plotter was used to determine overall survival. TGM3 expression was analyzed based on GEO and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases, qRT-PCR and western blot analyses. Cell proliferation was evaluated by CCK-8 and EdU incorporation assays. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of cisplatin and cell apoptosis was assessed by CCK-8 and TUNEL assays, respectively. P-glycoprotein (P-gp) expression and the changes of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway were examined using western blot analysis. We identified 3 overlapping DEGs, including TGM3, glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPX3), and alpha B-crystallin (CRYAB), which were downregulated in CC tissues. TGM3 expression was reduced in CC cells and related to the poor prognosis of CC patients. TGM3 overexpression retarded the proliferation, reduced IC50 value of cisplatin, accelerated cisplatin-induced apoptosis, and inhibited cisplatin-induced P-gp level in CC cells. Furthermore, TGM3 overexpression suppressed the PI3K/Akt pathway in CC cells. Moreover, treatment with 740Y-P, a PI3K activator, abolished the effect of TGM3 overexpression on proliferation and cisplatin resistance in CC cells. In conclusion, overexpression of TGM3 suppressed proliferation and cisplatin resistance in CC cells by blocking the PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruipu Chen
- International Department of Obstetrics, Fokind Hospital Affiliated to Tibet University, Lhasa, 850099, Tibet, China.
| | - Tingyu Fang
- Department of Obstetrics, Fokind Hospital Affiliated to Tibet University, Lhasa, 850099, Tibet, China
| | - Na Liu
- International Department of Obstetrics, Fokind Hospital Affiliated to Tibet University, Lhasa, 850099, Tibet, China
| | - Xuejiao Shi
- Department of Nursing, Fokind Hospital Affiliated to Tibet University, Lhasa, 850099, Tibet, China
| | - Junsen Wang
- Department of Operating, Fokind Hospital Affiliated to Tibet University, Lhasa, 850099, Tibet, China
| | - Huaping Yu
- International Department of Obstetrics, Fokind Hospital Affiliated to Tibet University, Lhasa, 850099, Tibet, China
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Gordinier ME, Schau GF, Pollock SB, Shields LBE, Talwalkar S. Genomic characterization of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma reveals differential gene expression based on clinical outcome. Gynecol Oncol 2024; 180:111-117. [PMID: 38086165 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2023.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The greatest challenge in the management of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) is treatment of recurrent disease where options for surgery and radiation have been exhausted, or treatment of disease where distant metastasis is present. Identification of mutations differentially expressed between tumor from patients who died of aggressive disease and tumor from patients with an indolent course could reveal novel prognostic indicators and guide development of therapeutic drugs. METHODS From 202 consecutive patients with VSCC, patients who recurred and died of disease (group A) were identified and matched by age, tumor size, depth of invasion and nodal status with those whose disease did not recur (group B). Tumors from 21 patients were subjected to whole exome sequencing of DNA and RNA, immunohistochemistry (IHC) antibodies of PD-L1 and P16, and in-situ hybridization (ISH) for high-risk HPV. RESULTS Analysis of DNA and RNA revealed six genes that were strongly differentially expressed between group A and B: TGM3, ACVR2A, ROS1, NFEL2, CCND1 and BCL6. Clinically relevant DNA mutations were significantly greater in group A versus B: 7 vs 2.3 mutations per patient. The most common genomic alterations were mutations in TP53 and the promoter region of TERT. Other common genomic events include alterations of FAT1, CDKN2A, PIK3CA, CCND1, and LRP1B. All samples were MSI stable and tumor mutational burden (TMB) was similar in groups A and B. Most VSCC specimens (81%) were positive for PD-L1. CONCLUSIONS ACVR2A and TGM3 are significantly under-expressed in tumors with poor outcome, suggesting they may play a role in tumor suppression. Clinical outcome of VSCC appears independent of MSI, TMB, or PD-L1 status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E Gordinier
- Norton Cancer Institute, Norton Healthcare, Louisville, KY 40207, USA.
| | | | | | - Lisa B E Shields
- Norton Neuroscience Institute, Norton Healthcare, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
| | - Sameer Talwalkar
- Department of Pathology, Norton Healthcare, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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Muthukrishnan L. "TGM3 - A novel biomarker as a potential diagnostic target for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC)". Oral Oncol 2022; 134:106118. [PMID: 36096048 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2022.106118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmipathy Muthukrishnan
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Poonamallee High Road, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 077, India.
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Wu D, Zhang R, Zhan L. Transglutaminase 3 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma patients: Correlation with tumor features and survival profile. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2022; 46:101812. [PMID: 34597849 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2021.101812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transglutaminase 3 (TGM3) regulates multiple oncogene pathways (GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway, Akt/ERK pathway, etc.) to promote hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell proliferation, migration and invasion, however, its clinical value for HCC management is still limited. Therefore, we conducted this study to compare the TGM3 expression between tumor tissue and paired adjacent noncancerous tissue, aiming to explore the clinical application of TGM3 in HCC patients. METHODS Totally, 208 HCC patients were enrolled and their clinicopathological features were collected. Then, 208 pairs of HCC specimens and adjacent noncancerous specimens were used to detect TGM3 protein expression by IHC assay and assessed by a semi-quantitative scoring method. Besides, 157 pairs were proposed to detect TGM3 mRNA expression by RT-qPCR. RESULTS Both TGM3 protein (P<0.001) and mRNA (P<0.001) levels were increased in HCC specimens compared to adjacent noncancerous specimens. Besides, TGM3 high protein expression correlated with multifocal tumor nodules (P<0.001), advanced Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage (P = 0.006), higher carcinoembryonic antigen (P = 0.038) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) (P<0.001). While TGM3 high mRNA expression correlated with multifocal tumor nodules (P = 0.025), largest tumor size ≥ 5.0 cm (P = 0.042) and higher AFP (P = 0.019). Furthermore, both TGM3 protein (P = 0.002) and mRNA (P = 0.028) high expressions correlated with shorter overall survival (OS). While after adjustment by multivariant Cox's regression, TGM3 protein high expression (vs. low) independently predicted worse OS (P = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS TMG3 expression is increased in tumor tissue, also its high expression correlates with multiple tumor nodules, higher BCLC stage, abnormal AFP and reduced OS in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng Wu
- Department of Hepatology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Renqian Zhang
- Department of Hepatology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Zhan
- Department of Hepatology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China.
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Ana Choi SS, Ko JMY, Yu VZ, Ning L, Lung ML. Differentiation-related zinc finger protein 750 suppresses cell growth in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:513. [PMID: 33986873 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a deadly squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the esophagus. Development of SCCs is associated with the deregulation of the squamous cell lineage program and/or keratinocyte terminal differentiation by genomic and genetic aberrations; thus, these processes must be tightly controlled to maintain normal squamous cell development. Zinc finger protein 750 (ZNF750) is a gene involved in keratinocyte terminal differentiation and is frequently mutated and putatively silenced in ESCC, which implicates its function as a potential differentiation-related suppressor of ESCC. The present study aimed to elucidate the relationship between ZNF750 function to induce keratinocyte differentiation and tumor suppression in ESCC. The results demonstrated that chemical manipulation of esophageal keratinocyte differentiation in mouse normal esophageal epithelial organoids (mNEEO) implicated the involvement of the mouse homologue of ZNF750, Zfp750, in keratinocyte differentiation in premalignant cells. Bioinformatics analyses of data from high ZNF750-expressing ESCC tumors obtained from public databases and ZNF750-overexpressing ESCC cells compared with low ZNF750-expressing ESCC tumors and GFP-expressing ESCC cells, respectively, revealed enrichment of keratinocyte differentiation-related gene sets in these samples. Finally, the induction through to terminal differentiation of the keratinocyte by all-trans retinoic acid on parental ESCC cell lines led to the upregulation of the terminal differentiation marker Involucrin and a decrease in cell viability similar to that observed in ZNF750-overexpressing ESCC cells. The results of the present study demonstrated a functional link between the ability of ZNF750 to induce cell differentiation through to terminal differentiation and its function as a growth suppressor in ESCC. This study provides improved understanding of the role of ZNF750, a frequently mutated differentiation-related gene in ESCC, and its effects in ESCC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheyne Sta Ana Choi
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Josephine Mun-Yee Ko
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Valen Zhuoyou Yu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Lvwen Ning
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Maria Li Lung
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
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Co-expression network-based identification of biomarkers correlated with the lymph node metastasis of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:222104. [PMID: 32076707 PMCID: PMC7033310 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20194067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is ranked as one of the most frequent malignancies worldwide with a high risk of lymph node metastasis, which serves as a main reason for cancer deaths. Identification of the potential biomarkers for lymph node metastasis in HNSCC patients may contribute to personalized treatment and better therapeutic effect. In the present study, GSE30788 microarray data and corresponding clinical parameters were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) was performed to investigate significant modules associated with clinical traits. As a result, the genes in the blue module were determined as candidate genes related with HNSCC lymph node metastasis and ten hub genes were selected from the PPI network. Further analysis validated the close associations of hub gene expression with lymph node metastasis of HNSCC patients. Furthermore, survival analysis suggested the level of Loricrin (LOR) was statistically significantly associated with the disease-free survival of HNSCC patients, indicating the potential of utilizing it as prognosis predictor. Overall, our study conducted a co-expression network-based analysis to investigate significant genes underlying HNSCC metastasis, providing promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Shojaeian S, Moazeni-Roodi A, Allameh A, Garajei A, Kazemnejad A, Kabir K, Zarnani AH. Methylation of TGM-3 Promoter and Its Association with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC). Avicenna J Med Biotechnol 2021; 13:65-73. [PMID: 34012521 PMCID: PMC8112137 DOI: 10.18502/ajmb.v13i2.5523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is among the ten most common cancers worldwide. Hypermethylation of CpG sites in the promoter region and subsequent down-regulation of a tumor suppressor gene, TGM-3 has been proposed to be linked to different types of human cancers including OSCC. In this study, methylation status of CpG sites in the promoter region of TGM-3 has been evaluated in a cohort of patients with OSCC compared to normal controls. Methods: Forty fresh tissue samples were obtained from newly diagnosed OSCC patients and normal individuals referred to dentistry clinic for tooth extraction. DNA was extracted, bisulfite conversion was performed and it was subjected to PCR using bisulfite-sequencing PCR (BSP) primers. Prepared samples were sequenced on a DNA analyzer with both forward and reverse primers of the region of interest. The peak height values of cytosine and thymine were calculated and methylation levels for each CpG site within the DNA sequence was quantified. Results: Quantitative DNA methylation analyses in CpG islands revealed that it was significantly higher in OSCC patients compared to controls. DNA methylation at CpG1/CpG3/CpG5 (p=0.004–0.01) and CpG1/CpG3 (p=0.001–0.019) sites was associated with tumor stage and grade, respectively. Male OSCC patients had higher methylation rate at CpG3 (p=0.032), while smoker patients showed higher methylation rate at CpG6 (p=0.045). Conclusion: These results manifested the contribution of DNA methylation of TGM-3 in OSCC and its potential association with clinico-pathologic parameters in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorour Shojaeian
- Department of Biochemistry, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Abdolamir Allameh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ata Garajei
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology and Reconstructive Surgery, The Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anoshirvan Kazemnejad
- Department of Bio-statistics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kourosh Kabir
- Department of Community Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Amir-Hassan Zarnani
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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Zeng XC, Zhang L, Liao WJ, Ao L, Lin ZM, Kang W, Chen WN, Lin X. Screening and Identification of Potential Biomarkers in Hepatitis B Virus-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Bioinformatics Analysis. Front Genet 2020; 11:555537. [PMID: 33193629 PMCID: PMC7556301 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.555537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most lethal cancers globally. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection might cause chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis, leading to HCC. To screen prognostic genes and therapeutic targets for HCC by bioinformatics analysis and determine the mechanisms underlying HBV-related HCC, three high-throughput RNA-seq based raw datasets, namely GSE25599, GSE77509, and GSE94660, were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, and one RNA-seq raw dataset was acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Overall, 103 genes were up-regulated and 127 were down-regulated. A protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was established using Cytoscape software, and 12 pivotal genes were selected as hub genes. The 230 differentially expressed genes and 12 hub genes were subjected to functional and pathway enrichment analyses, and the results suggested that cell cycle, nuclear division, mitotic nuclear division, oocyte meiosis, retinol metabolism, and p53 signaling-related pathways play important roles in HBV-related HCC progression. Further, among the 12 hub genes, kinesin family member 11 (KIF11), TPX2 microtubule nucleation factor (TPX2), kinesin family member 20A (KIF20A), and cyclin B2 (CCNB2) were identified as independent prognostic genes by survival analysis and univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. These four genes showed higher expression levels in HCC than in normal tissue samples, as identified upon analyses with Oncomine. In addition, in comparison with normal tissues, the expression levels of KIF11, TPX2, KIF20A, and CCNB2 were higher in HBV-related HCC than in HCV-related HCC tissues. In conclusion, our results suggest that KIF11, TPX2, KIF20A, and CCNB2 might be involved in the carcinogenesis and development of HBV-related HCC. They can thus be used as independent prognostic genes and novel biomarkers for the diagnosis of HBV-related HCC and development of pertinent therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Chang Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wen-Jun Liao
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lu Ao
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Bioinformatics, Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ze-Man Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Bioinformatics, Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wen Kang
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wan-Nan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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11
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Dagamajalu S, Vijayakumar M, Shetty R, Rex DAB, Narayana Kotimoole C, Prasad TSK. Proteogenomic examination of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC): new lines of inquiry. Expert Rev Proteomics 2020; 17:649-662. [PMID: 33151123 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2020.1845146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), a histopathologic subtype of esophageal cancer is a major cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. This is primarily because patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage by the time symptoms appear. The genomics and mass spectrometry-based proteomics continue to provide important leads toward biomarker discovery for ESCC. However, such leads are yet to be translated into clinical utilities. Areas covered: We gathered information pertaining to proteomics and proteogenomics efforts in ESCC from the literature search until 2020. An overview of omics approaches to discover the candidate biomarkers for ESCC were highlighted. We present a summary of recent investigations of alterations in the level of gene and protein expression observed in biological samples including body fluids, tissue/biopsy and in vitro-based models. Expert opinion: A large number of protein-based biomarkers and therapeutic targets are being used in cancer therapy. Several candidates are being developed as diagnostics and prognostics for the management of cancers. High-resolution proteomic and proteogenomic approaches offer an efficient way to identify additional candidate biomarkers for diagnosis, monitoring of disease progression, prediction of response to chemo and radiotherapy. Some of these biomarkers can also be developed as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shobha Dagamajalu
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University) , Mangalore, India
| | - Manavalan Vijayakumar
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University) , Mangalore, India
| | - Rohan Shetty
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University) , Mangalore, India
| | - D A B Rex
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University) , Mangalore, India
| | - Chinmaya Narayana Kotimoole
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University) , Mangalore, India
| | - T S Keshava Prasad
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University) , Mangalore, India
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12
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Marcus K, Lelong C, Rabilloud T. What Room for Two-Dimensional Gel-Based Proteomics in a Shotgun Proteomics World? Proteomes 2020; 8:proteomes8030017. [PMID: 32781532 PMCID: PMC7563651 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes8030017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was instrumental in the birth of proteomics in the late 1980s. However, it is now often considered as an outdated technique for proteomics—a thing of the past. Although this opinion may be true for some biological questions, e.g., when analysis depth is of critical importance, for many others, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis-based proteomics still has a lot to offer. This is because of its robustness, its ability to separate proteoforms, and its easy interface with many powerful biochemistry techniques (including western blotting). This paper reviews where and why two-dimensional gel electrophoresis-based proteomics can still be profitably used. It emerges that, rather than being a thing of the past, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis-based proteomics is still highly valuable for many studies. Thus, its use cannot be dismissed on simple fashion arguments and, as usual, in science, the tree is to be judged by the fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Marcus
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Medical Faculty & Medical Proteome Analysis, Center for Proteindiagnostics (PRODI) Ruhr-University Bochum Gesundheitscampus, 4 44801 Bochum, Germany;
| | - Cécile Lelong
- CBM UMR CNRS5249, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, 17 rue des Martyrs, CEDEX 9, 38054 Grenoble, France;
| | - Thierry Rabilloud
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Metals, UMR 5249, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, 38054 Grenoble, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-438-783-212
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13
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Hu JW, Yang ZF, Li J, Hu B, Luo CB, Zhu K, Dai Z, Cai JB, Zhan H, Hu ZQ, Hu J, Cao Y, Qiu SJ, Zhou J, Fan J, Huang XW. TGM3 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and hepatocellular carcinogenesis and predicts poor prognosis for patients after curative resection. Dig Liver Dis 2020; 52:668-676. [PMID: 31822388 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2019.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains poor despite significant recent improvement in therapy. Recent studies have reported that transglutaminase 3 (TGM3) plays an important role in several human cancer types. However, the role of TGM3 in HCC have not been previously elucidated. METHODS We evaluated the role of TGM3 in regulating HCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. We also investigated the prognostic significance of TGM3 in an HCC cohort. Finally, we explored the signalling pathways that TGM3 regulates in HCC. RESULTS We identified TGM3 to be overexpressed in HCC compared to normal tissues. Higher expression of TGM3 predicts poor prognosis in HCC patients. TGM3 knockdown led to decreased HCC cell proliferation, invasion, and xenograft tumour growth. TGM3 depletion inhibited AKT, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p65, and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β)/β-catenin activation, but promoted levels of cleaved caspase 3. Moreover, TGM3 knockdown cells had increased E-cadherin levels and decreased vimentin levels, suggesting that TGM3 contributes to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in HCC. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that TGM3 controls multiple oncogenic pathways in HCC, thereby contributing to increased cell proliferation and EMT, and TGM3 potentially enhances HCC metastasis. TGM3 may serve as a novel therapeutic target in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Wu Hu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhang-Fu Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Chu-Bin Luo
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Zhu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi Dai
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Bin Cai
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Zhan
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Hu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Hu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya Cao
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
| | - Shuang-Jian Qiu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Fan
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Wu Huang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
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14
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Feng Y, Ji D, Huang Y, Ji B, Zhang Y, Li J, Peng W, Zhang C, Zhang D, Sun Y, Xu Z. TGM3 functions as a tumor suppressor by repressing epithelial‑to‑mesenchymal transition and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in colorectal cancer. Oncol Rep 2020; 43:864-876. [PMID: 32020212 PMCID: PMC7041123 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The dysregulation of transcription factors contributes to the unlimited proliferation of cancer cells. Transglutaminase 3 (TGM3) has been demonstrated to play a crucial role in physiology and pathology. However, the potential role of TGM3 in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unknown. In the present study, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry were utilized to analyze the expression of TGM3 in CRC and adjacent normal tissues. LoVo and HCT116 cell lines were then selected to further investigate the function of TGM3 in the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of CRC both in vitro and in vivo. Finally, western blotting was performed to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of TGM3 in CRC. The expression level of TGM3 was significantly downregulated in CRC tissues, and was associated with tumor invasion, metastasis and patient prognosis. Following TGM3 inhibition and overexpression in CRC cells, it was revealed that TGM3 suppressed cell proliferation, potentially via the promotion of apoptosis and cell cycle regulation. Furthermore, TGM3 also inhibited invasion and metastasis. Finally, it was observed that TGM3 inhibited epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and activated phosphorylated AKT serine/threonine kinase in CRC cells. The results from the present study revealed that TGM3 is a tumor suppressor in the progression of CRC, and may be used as a novel target for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Feng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Dongjian Ji
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yuanjian Huang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Bing Ji
- Department of General Surgery, Yancheng City No. 1 People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224005, P.R. China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of General Surgery, Yancheng City No. 1 People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224005, P.R. China
| | - Wen Peng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Chuan Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Dongsheng Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yueming Sun
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Ziwei Xu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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15
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Duarte L, Matte CR, Bizarro CV, Ayub MAZ. Transglutaminases: part I-origins, sources, and biotechnological characteristics. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 36:15. [PMID: 31897837 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-019-2791-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The transglutaminases form a large family of intracellular and extracellular enzymes that catalyze cross-links between protein molecules. Transglutaminases crosslinking properties are widely applied to various industrial processes, to improve the firmness, viscosity, elasticity, and water-holding capacity of products in the food and pharmaceutical industries. However, the extremely high costs of obtaining transglutaminases from animal sources have prompted scientists to search for new sources of these enzymes. Therefore, research has been focused on producing transglutaminases by microorganisms, which may present wider scope of use, based on enzyme-specific characteristics. In this review, we present an overview of the literature addressing the origins, types, reactions, and general characterizations of this important enzyme family. A second review will deal with transglutaminases applications in the area of food industry, medicine, pharmaceuticals and biomaterials, as well as applications in the textile and leather industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lovaine Duarte
- Biotechnology, Bioprocess, and Biocatalysis Group, Food Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, PO Box 15090, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Carla Roberta Matte
- Biotechnology, Bioprocess, and Biocatalysis Group, Food Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, PO Box 15090, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Valim Bizarro
- Centro de Pesquisas em Biologia Molecular e Funcional (CPBMF), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), 92A Building at TECNOPUC, 4592 Bento Gonçalves Avenue, Porto Alegre, 90650-001, Brazil
| | - Marco Antônio Záchia Ayub
- Biotechnology, Bioprocess, and Biocatalysis Group, Food Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, PO Box 15090, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil.
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16
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Abstract
Mass spectrometry-based proteomics analysis could categorize proteins and study their interactions in large scale in human cancers. By this method, many proteins are upregulated or downregulated in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) when compared to nonneoplastic esophageal mucosae. The method can also be used to identify novel, effective biomarkers for early diagnosis or predict prognosis of patients with ESCC. These changes are associated with different clinical and pathological parameters. Different biological matrices such as pathological tissue, body fluids, and cancer cell lines-based proteomics have widely been used. Herein, we described cell line-based label-free shotgun proteomics (in-solution tryptic digestion) to identify the protein biomarkers differently expressed in ESCC.
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17
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Lin Y, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Liu Z. Promoter methylation and clinical significance of GPX3 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2019; 215:152676. [PMID: 31610903 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2019.152676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPX3) provides critical protection against reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells. Downregulation of GPX3 may contribute to carcinogenesis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), but the mechanisms are not clear. MATERIALS AND METHODS We examined the differences in gene expression between ESCC and normal esophageal epithelial, by using GEO datasets, and collected 136 ESCC tumors and adjacent normal tissues to confirm our findings. GPX3 expression was measured, at the mRNA and protein levels, by qRT-PCR, Western Blot and immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS GPX3 mRNA and protein levels were 3.3-fold higher in normal epithelium compared with case-matched ESCC tissues. There was no significant correlation between clinical parameters and expression levels of GPX3 in ESCC. Promoter methylation of the GPX3 gene correlated with decreased expression. CONCLUSION Downregulation of GPX3 might be a key factor in the process of ESCC carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youbin Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 57 Changping Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou 510060, China.
| | - Yelong Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 57 Changping Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Zhaoyong Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 57 Changping Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China.
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18
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Öktem EK, Yazar M, Gulfidan G, Arga KY. Cancer Drug Repositioning by Comparison of Gene Expression in Humans and Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) During Wound Healing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 23:389-405. [DOI: 10.1089/omi.2019.0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elif Kubat Öktem
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Istanbul Okan University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Metin Yazar
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Istanbul Okan University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gizem Gulfidan
- Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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19
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Eckert RL. Transglutaminase 2 takes center stage as a cancer cell survival factor and therapy target. Mol Carcinog 2019; 58:837-853. [PMID: 30693974 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) has emerged as a key cancer cell survival factor that drives epithelial to mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, metastasis, inflammation, drug resistance, cancer stem cell survival and stemness, and invasion and migration. TG2 can exist in a GTP-bound signaling-active conformation or in a transamidase-active conformation. The GTP bound conformation of TG2 contributes to cell survival and the transamidase conformation can contribute to cell survival or death. We present evidence suggesting that TG2 has a role in human cancer, summarize what is known about the TG2 mechanism of action in a range of cancer types, and discuss TG2 as a cancer therapy target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Eckert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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20
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Zhou Y, Zang Y, Yang Y, Xiang J, Chen Z. Candidate genes involved in metastasis of colon cancer identified by integrated analysis. Cancer Med 2019; 8:2338-2347. [PMID: 30884206 PMCID: PMC6536975 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer is one of the most malignant cancers worldwide. Nearly 20% of all colon cancer patients are diagnosed at stage IV (metastasis). However, further study of colon cancer is difficult due to a lack of understanding of its pathogenesis. In this study, we acquired high–throughput sequence data from TCGA datasets and performed integrated bioinformatic analysis including differential gene expression analysis, gene ontology and KEGG pathways analysis, protein–protein analysis, survival analysis, and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis in order to identify a panel of key candidate genes involved in the metastasis of colon cancer. We then constructed a prognostic signature based on the expression of REG1B, TGM6, NTF4, PNMA5, and HOXC13 which could provide significant prognostic value for colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwen Zang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianbin Xiang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zongyou Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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21
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Transglutaminase 3 contributes to malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia to cancer. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 104:34-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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22
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Kondo T. Cancer biomarker development and two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE). BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2018; 1867:2-8. [PMID: 30392560 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer results from the accumulation of genomic alterations. As the genome is functionally translated to the proteome and regulates tumor cell behavior, proteomics studies are expected to further the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying carcinogenesis and cancer progression. Biomarkers are potential tools to classify cancers for therapy, predict responses to treatments, and support treatment-related decision-making. Biomarker development has been actively pursued in oncology by proteomic approaches. Two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) is a proteomics technique based on two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE). In 2D-DIGE, protein samples are labeled with distinct fluorescent dyes before fractionation via 2D-PAGE. 2D-DIGE offers advantages to identify biomarker candidates, including reproducibility, high sensitivity, comprehensiveness, and high throughput. 2D-DIGE has contributed to the establishment of tissue biomarkers, which potentially facilitate precision medicine. 2D-DIGE is thus expected to yield major advancements in cancer biomarker identification and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Kondo
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Japan.
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23
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Nayak S, Bhatt MLB, Goel MM, Gupta S, Mahdi AA, Mishra A, Mehrotra D. Tissue and serum expression of TGM-3 may be prognostic marker in patients of oral squamous cell carcinoma undergoing chemo-radiotherapy. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199665. [PMID: 29953521 PMCID: PMC6023195 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Radioresistance is one of the main determinants of treatment outcome in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), but its prediction is difficult. Several authors aimed to establish radioresistant OSCC cell lines to identify genes with altered expression in response to radioresistance. The development of OSCC is a multistep carcinogenic process that includes activation of several oncogenes and inactivation of tumour suppressor genes. TGM-3 is a tumour suppressor gene and contributes to carcinogenesis process. The aim of this study was to estimate serum and tissue expression of TGM-3 and its correlation with clinico-pathological factors and overall survival in patients of OSCC undergoing chemo-radiotherapy. Tissue expression was observed in formalin fixed tissue biopsies of 96 cases of OSCC and 32 healthy controls were subjected to immunohistochemistry (IHC) by using antibody against TGM-3 and serum level was estimated by ELISA method. mRNA expression was determined by using Real-Time PCR. Patients were followed for 2 year for chemo radiotherapy response. In OSCC, 76.70% cases and in controls 90.62% were positive for TGM-3 IHC expression. TGM-3 expression was cytoplasmic and nuclear staining expressed in keratinized layer, stratum granulosum and stratum spinosum in controls and tumour cells. Mean serum TGM-3 in pre chemo-radiotherapy OSCC cases were 1304.83±573.55, post chemo-radiotherapy samples were 1530.64±669.33 and controls were 1869.16±1377.36, but difference was significant in pre chemo-radiotherapy samples as compared to controls (p<0.018). This finding was also confirmed by real- time PCR analysis in which down regulation (-7.92 fold change) of TGM-3 in OSCC as compared to controls. TGM-3 expression was significantly associated with response to chemo-radiotherapy treatment (p<0.007) and overall survival (p<0.015). Patents having higher level of TGM-3 expression have good response to chemo-radiotherapy and also have better overall survival. TGM-3 may serve as a candidate biomarker for responsiveness to chemo-radiotherapy treatment in OSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Nayak
- Department of Radiotherapy, King George’s Medical University Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - M. L. B. Bhatt
- Department of Radiotherapy, King George’s Medical University Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Madhu Mati Goel
- Department of Pathology, King George’s Medical University Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Seema Gupta
- Department of Radiotherapy, King George’s Medical University Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abbas Ali Mahdi
- Department of Biochemistry, King George’s Medical University Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anupam Mishra
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, King George’s Medical University Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Divya Mehrotra
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King George’s Medical University Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Cai X, Yu W, Yu W, Zhang Q, Feng W, Liu M, Sun M, Xiang J, Zhang Y, Fu X. Tissue-based quantitative proteomics to screen and identify the potential biomarkers for early recurrence/metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Med 2018; 7:2504-2517. [PMID: 29683265 PMCID: PMC6010861 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the eighth cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. To screen potential biomarkers associated with early recurrence/metastasis (R/M) of ESCC patients after radical resection, ESCC patients were analyzed by a comparative proteomics analysis using iTRAQ with RPLC-MS to screen differential proteins among R/M groups and adjacent normal tissues. The proteins were identified by qRT-PCR, Western blotting, and tissue microarray. The protein and mRNA expression difference of PHB2 between tumor tissues of ESCC patients and adjacent normal tissues, ESCC patients with and without metastasis, four ESCC cell lines and normal esophageal epithelial cells were inspected using immunohistochemical staining, qRT-PCR, and Western blotting. The EC109 and TE1 cells were used to establish PHB2 knockdown cell models, and their cell proliferation and invasion ability were determined by cell counting method, Transwell® assay. Thirteen proteins were selected by cutoff value of 0.67 fold for underexpression and 1.5-fold for overexpression. Seven proteins were confirmed to be associated with R/M among the 13 proteins. The potential biomarker PHB2 for early recurrence/metastasis of ESCC was identified. PHB2 expression was related to the OS of ESCC patients (P = 0.032) and had high levels in the tumor tissues and human cell lines of ESCC (P = 0.0002). Also, the high PHB2 expression promoted the metastasis of ESCC (P = 0.0075), suggesting high PHB2 expression was a potential prognostic biomarker. Experiments showed that PHB2 could significantly promote the proliferation and cell invasion ability of human ESCC cell lines and the knockdown of PHB2 suppressed the phosphorylation level of AKT, as well as the expression of MMP9 and RAC1. PHB2 could predict the early metastasis of ESCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu‐Wei Cai
- Department of Radiation OncologyShanghai Chest HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of Radiation OncologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
| | - Wei‐Wei Yu
- Department of Radiation OncologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of Radiation OncologyShanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's HospitalShanghaiChina
| | - Wen Yu
- Department of Radiation OncologyShanghai Chest HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of Radiation OncologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Radiation OncologyShanghai Chest HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of Radiation OncologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
| | - Wen Feng
- Department of Radiation OncologyShanghai Chest HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of Radiation OncologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
| | - Mi‐Na Liu
- Department of Radiation OncologyShanghai Chest HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of Radiation OncologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
| | - Meng‐Hong Sun
- Department of PathologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
| | - Jia‐Qing Xiang
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
| | - Ya‐Wei Zhang
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
| | - Xiao‐Long Fu
- Department of Radiation OncologyShanghai Chest HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of Radiation OncologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
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Kárpáti S, Sárdy M, Németh K, Mayer B, Smyth N, Paulsson M, Traupe H. Transglutaminases in autoimmune and inherited skin diseases: The phenomena of epitope spreading and functional compensation. Exp Dermatol 2018; 27:807-814. [PMID: 28940785 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Transglutaminases (TGs) are structurally and functionally related enzymes that modify the post-translational structure and activity of proteins or peptides, and thus are able to turn on or switch off their function. Depending on location and activities, TGs are able to modify the signalling, the function and the fate of cells and extracellular connective tissues. Besides mouse models, human diseases enable us to appreciate the function of various TGs. In this study, skin diseases induced by genetic damages or autoimmune targeting of these enzymes will be discussed. TG1, TG3 and TG5 contribute to the cutaneous barrier and thus to the integrity and function of epidermis. TGM1 mutations related to autosomal recessive ichthyosis subtypes, TGM5 mutations to a mild epidermolysis bullosa phenotype and as novelty TGM3 mutation to uncombable hair syndrome will be discussed. Autoimmunity to TG2, TG3 and TG6 may develop in a few of those genetically determined individuals who lost tolerance to gluten, and manifest as coeliac disease, dermatitis herpetiformis or gluten-dependent neurological symptoms, respectively. These gluten responder diseases commonly occur in combination. In autoimmune diseases, the epitope spreading is remarkable, while in some inherited pathologies, a unique compensation of the lost enzyme function is noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarolta Kárpáti
- Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Sárdy
- Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztián Németh
- Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Mayer
- Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Neil Smyth
- Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Mats Paulsson
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Heiko Traupe
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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Wang X, Peng Y, Xie M, Gao Z, Yin L, Pu Y, Liu R. Identification of extracellular matrix protein 1 as a potential plasma biomarker of ESCC by proteomic analysis using iTRAQ and 2D-LC-MS/MS. Proteomics Clin Appl 2017; 11. [PMID: 28493612 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201600163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was aimed to conduct a proteomics profiling analysis on plasma obtained from ESCC patients with the goal of identifying appropriate plasma protein biomarkers in the progression of ESCC. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Plasma from 28 ESCC patients and 28 healthy controls (HC) were analyzed by iTRAQ combined with 2D-LC-MS/MS. ProteinPilot software was used to identify the differentially expressed plasma proteins in ESCC compared to HC. Western blot was performed to verify the expression of selected proteins in 37 independent ESCC patients and 37 HC. Transwell and MTT assays were used to detect the biological function of ECM1 protein in vitro. RESULTS Nineteen (four upregulated and fifteen downregulated) proteins were identified as differentially expressed between ESCC and HC (p <0.05). Biological functions of these proteins are involved in cell adhesion, cell apoptosis and metabolic processes, visual perception and immune response. Of these, extracellular matrix 1 (ECM1) and lumican (LUM) were selected further confirmation by Western blot (p <0.05), which were consistent with the iTRAQ results. Furthermore, the migration ability of EC9706 cell line after overexpressing ECM1 was increased significantly (p <0.05). The proliferation ability of HUVEC cell was enhanced when treated with the culture supernatants of EC9706 overexpressed ECM1(p <0.05). CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE This proteome analysis indicate that ECM1 is a potential novel plasma protein biomarker for the detection of primary ESCC and evaluation of neoplasms progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Xie
- North China Petroleum Bureau General Hospital, Renqiu, China
| | - Zhikui Gao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lihong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuepu Pu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Yu SB, Gao Q, Lin WW, Kang MQ. Proteomic analysis indicates the importance of TPM3 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma invasion and metastasis. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:1236-1242. [PMID: 28138712 PMCID: PMC5367371 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients exhibit tumor recurrence following radical resection. Invasion and metastasis are key factors in poor prognosis following esophagectomy. In the present study, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry were used to define patterns of protein expression in ESCC tissues at different pathological stages. The expression levels of identified proteins were determined by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. A total of fifteen protein spots with >2-fold differences were observed when comparing results of 2-DE for stage III and stage I ESCC tissue sample. A total of 12 proteins were identified by mass spectrometry analysis and database searches. The results of immunohistochemistry and western blotting demonstrated expression levels of tropomyosin 3 (TPM3) were higher in stage III ESCC tissue compared with stage I (P<0.05). The findings of the present study identified twelve proteins, which are closely associated with ESCC invasion and metastasis, apoptosis and cell signal transduction. Furthermore, the overexpression of TPM3 may be important in ESCC invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Bin Yu
- Second Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Qin Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Area Command, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Wei Lin
- Second Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Qiang Kang
- Second Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
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Harada K, Mizrak Kaya D, Shimodaira Y, Song S, Baba H, Ajani JA. Proteomics approach to identify biomarkers for upper gastrointestinal cancer. Expert Rev Proteomics 2016; 13:1041-1053. [PMID: 27718753 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2016.1246189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prognosis for patients with upper gastrointestinal cancers remains dismal despite the development of multimodality therapies that incorporate surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Early diagnosis and personalized treatment should lead to better prognosis. Given the advances in proteomic technologies over the past decades, proteomics promises to be the most effective technique to identify novel diagnostics and therapeutic targets. Areas covered: For this review, keywords were searched in combination with 'proteomics' and 'gastric cancer' or 'esophageal cancer' in PubMed. Studies that evaluated proteomics associated with upper gastrointestinal cancer were identified through reading, with several studies quoted at second hand. We summarize the proteomics involved in upper gastrointestinal cancer and discuss potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Expert commentary: In particular, the development of mass spectrometry has enabled detection of multiple proteins and peptides in more biological samples over a shorter time period and at lower cost than was previously possible. In addition, more sophisticated protein databases have allowed a wider variety of proteins in samples to be quantified. Novel biomarkers that have been identified by new proteomic technologies should be applied in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuto Harada
- a Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA.,b Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science , Kumamoto University , Kumamoto , Japan
| | - Dilsa Mizrak Kaya
- a Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Yusuke Shimodaira
- a Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Shumei Song
- a Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Hideo Baba
- b Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science , Kumamoto University , Kumamoto , Japan
| | - Jaffer A Ajani
- a Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Esophageal cancer (EC) is one of the most common causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Identifying suitable biomarkers for early diagnosis as well as predicting lymph node metastasis, prognosis and the therapeutic response of EC is essential for the effective and efficient management for EC. There is an urgent need to develop effective, novel approaches for patients who do not respond to conventional treatment. Areas covered: EC is characterized by the presence of two main histological types such as squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma, which differ in their response to treatments and prognosis. Thus, this review describes the latest research into biomarkers and novel treatment targets generated by cancer proteomics for the two main histological types. Finally, the main difficulties facing the translation of biomarkers and novel treatment targets into the clinical settings are discussed. Expert commentary: EC proteomics have provided useful results and, after their validation, novel clinical tools should be developed to improve the clinical outcomes for EC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihisa Uemura
- a Department of Gastroenterological Surgery , Aichi Cancer Center Hospital , Nagoya , Japan
| | - Tadashi Kondo
- b Division of Rare Cancer Research, Department of Innovative Seeds Evaluation , National Cancer Center Research Institute , Tokyo , Japan
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Li W, Zhang Z, Zhao W, Han N. Transglutaminase 3 protein modulates human esophageal cancer cell growth by targeting the NF-κB signaling pathway. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:1723-30. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Honjo H, Kaira K, Miyazaki T, Yokobori T, Kanai Y, Nagamori S, Oyama T, Asao T, Kuwano H. Clinicopathological significance of LAT1 and ASCT2 in patients with surgically resected esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Surg Oncol 2016; 113:381-9. [PMID: 26936531 DOI: 10.1002/jso.24160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amino acid transporters are highly expressed in various human cancers. L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) and system alanine-serine-cysteine amino acid transporter-2 (ASCT2) play a crucial role in tumor progression and survival. However, the clinicopathological significance of these transporters in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unclear. METHODS One hundred and fifty-seven patients with surgically resected ESCC were evaluated. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed for LAT1, ASCT2, CD98, Ki-67, and micro-vessel density (MVD), as determined by CD34 expression. RESULTS LAT1 and ASCT2 were positively expressed in 59% (93/157) and 48% (76/157) of tumors respectively. LAT1 and ASCT2 expression significantly correlated with T factor, N factor, lymphatic permeation, vascular invasion, and CD98 expression. The 5-year survival rates of LAT1-high and -low and ASCT2-high and -low expressing patients were 62.0% and 69.6% (P < 0.05) and 59.6% and 70.1% (P = 0.068), respectively. The combined positive expression of LAT1 and ASCT2 was a significant prognostic factor in univariate analysis. CONCLUSION High expression of LAT1 and ASCT2 correlates with metastasis and invasion. Accordingly, these proteins could serve as prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for treating patients with surgically resectable ESCC. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;113:381-389. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Honjo
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Kyoichi Kaira
- Department of Oncology Clinical Development, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Miyazaki
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yokobori
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yoshikatsu Kanai
- Department of Bio-system Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shushi Nagamori
- Department of Bio-system Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsunari Oyama
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Takayuki Asao
- Department of Oncology Clinical Development, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kuwano
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
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Brücher BLDM, Li Y, Schnabel P, Daumer M, Wallace TJ, Kube R, Zilberstein B, Steele S, Voskuil JLA, Jamall IS. Genomics, microRNA, epigenetics, and proteomics for future diagnosis, treatment and monitoring response in upper GI cancers. Clin Transl Med 2016; 5:13. [PMID: 27053248 PMCID: PMC4823224 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-016-0093-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
One major objective for our evolving understanding in the treatment of cancers will be to address how a combination of diagnosis and treatment strategies can be used to integrate patient and tumor variables with an outcome-oriented approach. Such an approach, in a multimodal therapy setting, could identify those patients (1) who should undergo a defined treatment (personalized therapy) (2) in whom modifications of the multimodal therapy due to observed responses might lead to an improvement of the response and/or prognosis (individualized therapy), (3) who might not benefit from a particular toxic treatment regimen, and (4) who could be identified early on and thereby be spared the morbidity associated with such treatments. These strategies could lead in the direction of precision medicine and there is hope of integrating translational molecular data to improve cancer classifications. In order to achieve these goals, it is necessary to understand the key issues in different aspects of biotechnology to anticipate future directions of personalized and individualized diagnosis and multimodal treatment strategies. Providing an overview of translational data in cancers proved to be a challenge as different methods and techniques used to obtain molecular data are used and studies are based on different tumor entities with different tumor biology and prognoses as well as vastly different therapeutic approaches. The pros and cons of the available methodologies and the potential response data in genomics, microRNA, epigenetics and proteomics with a focus on upper gastrointestinal cancers are considered herein to allow for an understanding of where these technologies stand with respect to cancer diagnosis, prognosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn L. D. M. Brücher
- />Theodor-Billroth-Academy®, Munich, Germany
- />Theodor-Billroth-Academy®, Sacramento, CA USA
- />INCORE, International Consortium of Research Excellence of the Theodor-Billroth-Academy®, Munich, Germany
- />INCORE, International Consortium of Research Excellence of the Theodor-Billroth-Academy®, Sacramento, CA USA
- />Bon Secours Cancer Institute, Richmond, VA USA
- />Department of Surgery, Carl-Thiem-Klinikum, Cottbus, Germany
| | - Yan Li
- />Proteogenomics Research Institute for Systems Medicine, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Philipp Schnabel
- />Institute of Pathology, University of Homburg Saar, Homburg, Germany
| | - Martin Daumer
- />Theodor-Billroth-Academy®, Munich, Germany
- />Theodor-Billroth-Academy®, Sacramento, CA USA
- />INCORE, International Consortium of Research Excellence of the Theodor-Billroth-Academy®, Munich, Germany
- />INCORE, International Consortium of Research Excellence of the Theodor-Billroth-Academy®, Sacramento, CA USA
- />Sylvia Lawry Center for MS Research, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Rainer Kube
- />Department of Surgery, Carl-Thiem-Klinikum, Cottbus, Germany
| | | | - Scott Steele
- />Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH USA
- />Department of Surgery, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, WA USA
| | | | - Ijaz S. Jamall
- />Theodor-Billroth-Academy®, Munich, Germany
- />Theodor-Billroth-Academy®, Sacramento, CA USA
- />INCORE, International Consortium of Research Excellence of the Theodor-Billroth-Academy®, Munich, Germany
- />INCORE, International Consortium of Research Excellence of the Theodor-Billroth-Academy®, Sacramento, CA USA
- />Risk-Based Decisions, Inc., Sacramento, CA USA
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Coghlin C, Murray GI. Progress in the development of protein biomarkers of oesophageal and gastric cancers. Proteomics Clin Appl 2016; 10:532-45. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.201500079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Coghlin
- Department of Cellular Pathology; Craigavon Area Hospital; Portadown UK
| | - Graeme I. Murray
- Pathology, Division of Applied Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry; University of Aberdeen; Aberdeen UK
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Nair J, Jain P, Chandola U, Palve V, Vardhan NRH, Reddy RB, Kekatpure VD, Suresh A, Kuriakose MA, Panda B. Gene and miRNA expression changes in squamous cell carcinoma of larynx and hypopharynx. Genes Cancer 2015; 6:328-40. [PMID: 26413216 PMCID: PMC4575920 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Laryngo-pharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas are one of the most common head and neck cancers. Despite the presence of a large body of information, molecular biomarkers are not currently used in the diagnosis, treatment and management of patients for this group of cancer. Here, we have profiled expression of genes and microRNAs of larynx and hypopharynx tumors using high-throughput sequencing experiments. We found that matrix metalloproteinases along with SCEL, CRNN, KRT4, SPINK5, and TGM3 among others have significantly altered expression in these tumors. Alongside gene expression, the microRNAs hsa-miR-139, hsa-miR-203 and the hsa-miR-424/503 cluster have aberrant expression in these cancers. Using target genes for these microRNAs, we found the involvement of pathways linked to cell cycle, p53 signaling, and viral carcinogenesis significant (P-values 10(-13), 10(-9) and 10(-7) respectively). Finally, using an ensemble machine-learning tool, we discovered a unique 8-gene signature for this group of cancers that differentiates the group from the other tumor subsites of head and neck region. We investigated the role of promoter methylation in one of these genes, WIF1, and found no correlation between DNA methylation and down-regulation of WIF1. We validated our findings of gene expression, 8-gene signature and promoter methylation using q-PCR, data from TCGA and q-MSP respectively. Data presented in this manuscript has been submitted to the NCBI Geo database with the accession number GSE67994.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayalakshmi Nair
- Ganit Labs, Bio-IT Centre, Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Biotech Park, Electronic City, Bangalore, India
| | - Prachi Jain
- Ganit Labs, Bio-IT Centre, Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Biotech Park, Electronic City, Bangalore, India
| | - Udita Chandola
- Ganit Labs, Bio-IT Centre, Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Biotech Park, Electronic City, Bangalore, India
| | - Vinayak Palve
- Ganit Labs, Bio-IT Centre, Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Biotech Park, Electronic City, Bangalore, India
| | - N R. Harsha Vardhan
- Mazumdar Shaw Centre for Translational Research, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre, Narayana Hrudayalaya, Bangalore, India
| | - Ram Bhupal Reddy
- Mazumdar Shaw Centre for Translational Research, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre, Narayana Hrudayalaya, Bangalore, India
| | - Vikram D. Kekatpure
- Mazumdar Shaw Centre for Translational Research, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre, Narayana Hrudayalaya, Bangalore, India
| | - Amritha Suresh
- Mazumdar Shaw Centre for Translational Research, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre, Narayana Hrudayalaya, Bangalore, India
| | - Moni Abraham Kuriakose
- Mazumdar Shaw Centre for Translational Research, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre, Narayana Hrudayalaya, Bangalore, India
| | - Binay Panda
- Ganit Labs, Bio-IT Centre, Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Biotech Park, Electronic City, Bangalore, India
- Strand Life Sciences, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore, India
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Wan QL, Hou XS, Zhao G. Utility of serum peptidome patterns of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients for comprehensive treatment. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 14:2919-23. [PMID: 23803054 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.5.2919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is one of the most common malignant tumors, and the incidence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is highest in China. Early diagnosis and effective monitoring are keys to comprehensive treatment and discovering tumor metastases and recurrence in time. The aim of this study was to confirm serum peptidome pattern utility for diagnosis of ESCC, and assessment of operation success, postoperative chemotherapy results, tumor metastasis and recurrence. Serum samples were collected from 61 patients treated with surgery and chemotherapy and 20 healthy individuals. Spectral data generated with weak cationic-exchanger magnetic beads (WCX-MB) and MALDI-TOF MS by a support vector machine (SVM), were used to construct diagnostic models and system training as potential biomarkers. A pattern consisting of 11 protein peaks, separated ESCC (m/z 650.75), operated (m/z 676.61, 786.1, 786.58), postoperative chemotherapy (m/z 622.77, 650.66, 676.46) and tumor metastasis and recurrence (m/z 622.63, 650.56, 690.77, 676.12) from the healthy individuals with a sensitivity of 100.0% and a specificity of 100.0%. These results suggested that MALDI- TOF MS combined with MB separation yields significantly higher sensitivity and specificity for the detection of serum protein in patients with EC patients treated with surgery and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Lian Wan
- Institute of Esophageal Cancer of Zhengzhou City, Department of Thoracic Surgery, The People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China.
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Karimi P, Shahrokni A, Ranjbar MRN. Implementation of proteomics for cancer research: past, present, and future. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:2433-8. [PMID: 24761843 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.6.2433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of the death, accounts for about 13% of all annual deaths worldwide. Many different fields of science are collaborating together studying cancer to improve our knowledge of this lethal disease, and find better solutions for diagnosis and treatment. Proteomics is one of the most recent and rapidly growing areas in molecular biology that helps understanding cancer from an omics data analysis point of view. The human proteome project was officially initiated in 2008. Proteomics enables the scientists to interrogate a variety of biospecimens for their protein contents and measure the concentrations of these proteins. Current necessary equipment and technologies for cancer proteomics are mass spectrometry, protein microarrays, nanotechnology and bioinformatics. In this paper, we provide a brief review on proteomics and its application in cancer research. After a brief introduction including its definition, we summarize the history of major previous work conducted by researchers, followed by an overview on the role of proteomics in cancer studies. We also provide a list of different utilities in cancer proteomics and investigate their advantages and shortcomings from theoretical and practical angles. Finally, we explore some of the main challenges and conclude the paper with future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Karimi
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA E-mail :
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Uemura N, Kondo T. Current advances in esophageal cancer proteomics. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2014; 1854:687-95. [PMID: 25233958 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2014.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We review the current status of proteomics for esophageal cancer (EC) from a clinician's viewpoint. The ultimate goal of cancer proteomics is the improvement of clinical outcome. The proteome as a functional translation of the genome is a straightforward representation of genomic mechanisms that trigger carcinogenesis. Cancer proteomics has identified the mechanisms of carcinogenesis and tumor progression, detected biomarker candidates for early diagnosis, and provided novel therapeutic targets for personalized treatments. Our review focuses on three major topics in EC proteomics: diagnostics, treatment, and molecular mechanisms. We discuss the major histological differences between EC types, i.e., esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma, and evaluate the clinical significance of published proteomics studies, including promising diagnostic biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets, which should be further validated prior to launching clinical trials. Multi-disciplinary collaborations between basic scientists, clinicians, and pathologists should be established for inter-institutional validation. In conclusion, EC proteomics has provided significant results, which after thorough validation, should lead to the development of novel clinical tools and improvement of the clinical outcome for esophageal cancer patients. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Medical Proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihisa Uemura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, 1-1 Kanokoden, chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8681, Japan.
| | - Tadashi Kondo
- Division of Pharmacoproteomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
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Uemura N, Kondo T. Current status of predictive biomarkers for neoadjuvant therapy in esophageal cancer. World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol 2014; 5:322-334. [PMID: 25133032 PMCID: PMC4133529 DOI: 10.4291/wjgp.v5.i3.322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neoadjuvant therapy has been proven to be extremely valuable and is widely used for advanced esophageal cancer. However, a significant proportion of treated patients (60%-70%) does not respond well to neoadjuvant treatments and develop severe adverse effects. Therefore, predictive markers for individualization of multimodality treatments are urgently needed in esophageal cancer. Recently, molecular biomarkers that predict the response to neoadjuvant therapy have been explored in multimodal approaches in esophageal cancer and successful examples of biomarker identification have been reported. In this review, promising candidates for predictive molecular biomarkers developed by using multiple molecular approaches are reviewed. Moreover, treatment strategies based on the status of predicted biomarkers are discussed, while considering the international differences in the clinical background. However, in the absence of adequate treatment options related to the results of the biomarker test, the usefulness of these diagnostic tools is limited and new effective therapies for biomarker-identified nonresponders to cancer treatment should be concurrent with the progress of predictive technologies. Further improvement in the prognosis of esophageal cancer patients can be achieved through the introduction of novel therapeutic approaches in clinical practice.
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Stacey SN, Sulem P, Gudbjartsson DF, Jonasdottir A, Thorleifsson G, Gudjonsson SA, Masson G, Gudmundsson J, Sigurgeirsson B, Benediktsdottir KR, Thorisdottir K, Ragnarsson R, Fuentelsaz V, Corredera C, Grasa M, Planelles D, Sanmartin O, Rudnai P, Gurzau E, Koppova K, Hemminki K, Nexø BA, Tjønneland A, Overvad K, Johannsdottir H, Helgadottir HT, Thorsteinsdottir U, Kong A, Vogel U, Kumar R, Nagore E, Mayordomo JI, Rafnar T, Olafsson JH, Stefansson K. Germline sequence variants in TGM3 and RGS22 confer risk of basal cell carcinoma. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:3045-53. [PMID: 24403052 PMCID: PMC4014188 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To search for new sequence variants that confer risk of cutaneous basal cell carcinoma (BCC), we conducted a genome-wide association study of 38.5 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and small indels identified through whole-genome sequencing of 2230 Icelanders. We imputed genotypes for 4208 BCC patients and 109 408 controls using Illumina SNP chip typing data, carried out association tests and replicated the findings in independent population samples. We found new BCC susceptibility loci at TGM3 (rs214782[G], P = 5.5 × 10−17, OR = 1.29) and RGS22 (rs7006527[C], P = 8.7 × 10−13, OR = 0.77). TGM3 encodes transglutaminase type 3, which plays a key role in production of the cornified envelope during epidermal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon N Stacey
- deCODE Genetics/AMGEN, Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
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Wu X, Cao W, Wang X, Zhang J, Lv Z, Qin X, Wu Y, Chen W. TGM3, a candidate tumor suppressor gene, contributes to human head and neck cancer. Mol Cancer 2013; 12:151. [PMID: 24289313 PMCID: PMC4176127 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-12-151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In our previous study using oligonucleotide microarrays, we revealed that transglutaminase 3 (TGM3) was remarkably down-regulated in head and neck cancer (HNC). However, the potential of TGM3 as a useful biomarker or molecular target for HNC is unclear. METHODS The transcriptional and post-translational status of TGM3 in HNC cell lines and specimens was detected using real-time PCR and western blot analysis. Bisulfate-treated DNA sequencing was used to analyze the molecular mechanism of TGM3 gene silencing. In addition, the effects of TGM3 on the proliferation, colony formation and induction of apoptosis in vitro and tumorigenicity in vivo were investigated through exogenous expression of TGM3 in HNC cells. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate TGM3 expression in large HNC samples. RESULTS TGM3 was down-regulated in HNC samples and cell lines (P < 0.0001). The hypermethylation of a promoter CpG island was one of the mechanisms of silencing the TGM3 gene in HNC. Exogenous expression of TGM3 in HNC cells could inhibit the proliferation and enhance the apoptosis of HNC cells in vitro and suppress tumor growth in vivo. In addition, TGM3 protein levels were strongly associated with the pathological differentiation of HNC tissues (P = 0.0037). Survival analysis revealed that low TGM3 expression was associated with worse overall survival (P = 0.0002), and TGM3 expression level was an independent predictor in patients with HNC. CONCLUSIONS The studies prove that TGM3, as a candidate tumor suppressor, contributes to the carcinogenesis and development of HNC and may serve as a useful biomarker for patients with HNC.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/enzymology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/mortality
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/secondary
- Cell Line, Tumor
- DNA Methylation
- Down-Regulation
- Enzyme Repression
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Gene Silencing
- Genes, Tumor Suppressor
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/enzymology
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/genetics
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/mortality
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology
- Humans
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Lymphatic Metastasis
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Proportional Hazards Models
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Transglutaminases/genetics
- Tumor Burden
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangbing Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology and Facuty of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology and Facuty of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology and Facuty of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology and Facuty of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Zhongjing Lv
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology and Facuty of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xing Qin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology and Facuty of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yadi Wu
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Wantao Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology and Facuty of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
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Ichikawa H, Kanda T, Kosugi SI, Kawachi Y, Sasaki H, Wakai T, Kondo T. Laser microdissection and two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis reveal the role of a novel macrophage-capping protein in lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:3780-91. [PMID: 23782053 DOI: 10.1021/pr400439m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
To reveal the proteomic background of lymph node metastasis (LNM) in gastric cancer, we performed a proteomic study of tumor and matched nontumor tissues obtained from surgically resected specimens of 22 patients with or without LNM. Using laser microdissection, we recovered specific populations of tumor and nontumor cells. We used two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis with a large format electrophoresis apparatus to obtain protein expression profiles consisting of 3228 protein spots, and we classified them according to their expression pattern. We found that macrophage-capping protein (CapG) was up-regulated in the tumor tissues of patients with LNM, whereas it showed an equivalent expression level between nontumor and tumor tissues of patients without LNM. It was reported that CapG associated with invasion and metastasis in various malignancies. However, CapG was not investigated in gastric cancer until our study. Western blotting of the laser microdissected tissue samples confirmed up-regulation of CapG in the tumor tissues of patients with LNM. Functional assays demonstrated that CapG promoted tumor cell invasion, but not cell proliferation. The association between CapG expression and LNM is a novel finding in gastric cancer. Further investigation for a prognostic utility of CapG may lead to a risk stratification therapy for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ichikawa
- Division of Pharmacoproteomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
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42
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Sugihara Y, Taniguchi H, Kushima R, Tsuda H, Kubota D, Ichikawa H, Fujita S, Kondo T. Laser microdissection and two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis reveal proteomic intra-tumor heterogeneity in colorectal cancer. J Proteomics 2012. [PMID: 23178874 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We examined the proteins for intra-tumor heterogeneity in colorectal cancer. Tumor cells localized in the ulcer floor, the central area, and the invasive front, as well as normal colorectal epithelial cells were recovered from surgical specimens by laser microdissection. Proteome data were generated by 2D-DIGE and mass spectrometry. By distinguishing the tumor cells based on tissue localization, we observed 88 protein spots at a different intensity in tumor cell groups compared to normal epithelial cells. On the contrary, when the tissue localization of the tumor cells was not taken into account, only 1 protein spot was newly detected with a different intensity. The identified proteins corresponded functionally to the expected phenotypes in that particular region: proteins for stress response were identified in the ulcer floor, glucose metabolism proteins were found in the central area, and apoptosis proteins were associated with the invasive front. These results suggested the following: (1) proteome data may reflect the effects of the tissue microenvironment on tumor cells, (2) the tissue localization of tumor cells should be considered in the sampling process when comparing normal and tumor cells, and (3) we can expect novel findings on the backgrounds of intra-tumor heterogeneity by using the proteomic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Sugihara
- Division of Pharmacoproteomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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Adrianto I, Lin CP, Hale JJ, Levin AM, Datta I, Parker R, Adler A, Kelly JA, Kaufman KM, Lessard CJ, Moser KL, Kimberly RP, Harley JB, Iannuzzi MC, Rybicki BA, Montgomery CG. Genome-wide association study of African and European Americans implicates multiple shared and ethnic specific loci in sarcoidosis susceptibility. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43907. [PMID: 22952805 PMCID: PMC3428296 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a systemic inflammatory disease characterized by the formation of granulomas in affected organs. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of this disease have been conducted only in European population. We present the first sarcoidosis GWAS in African Americans (AAs, 818 cases and 1,088 related controls) followed by replication in independent sets of AAs (455 cases and 557 controls) and European Americans (EAs, 442 cases and 2,284 controls). We evaluated >6 million SNPs either genotyped using the Illumina Omni1-Quad array or imputed from the 1000 Genomes Project data. We identified a novel sarcoidosis-associated locus, NOTCH4, that reached genome-wide significance in the combined AA samples (rs715299, P(AA-meta) = 6.51 × 10(-10)) and demonstrated the independence of this locus from others in the MHC region in the same sample. We replicated previous European GWAS associations within HLA-DRA, HLA-DRB5, HLA-DRB1, BTNL2, and ANXA11 in both our AA and EA datasets. We also confirmed significant associations to the previously reported HLA-C and HLA-B regions in the EA but not AA samples. We further identified suggestive associations with several other genes previously reported in lung or inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indra Adrianto
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Chee Paul Lin
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Jessica J. Hale
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Albert M. Levin
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Indrani Datta
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Ryan Parker
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Adam Adler
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Jennifer A. Kelly
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Kenneth M. Kaufman
- Division of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- The United States Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Christopher J. Lessard
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Kathy L. Moser
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Robert P. Kimberly
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - John B. Harley
- Division of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- The United States Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Michael C. Iannuzzi
- Department of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
| | - Benjamin A. Rybicki
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Courtney G. Montgomery
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
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Sugihara Y, Taniguchi H, Kushima R, Tsuda H, Kubota D, Ichikawa H, Sakamoto K, Nakamura Y, Tomonaga T, Fujita S, Kondo T. Proteomic-based identification of the APC-binding protein EB1 as a candidate of novel tissue biomarker and therapeutic target for colorectal cancer. J Proteomics 2012; 75:5342-55. [PMID: 22735596 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Novel candidates of biomarker and therapeutic target in colorectal cancer (CRC) were investigated using a proteomic approach. The proteome of normal colorectal epithelial tissues was compared with that of the tumor ones in 59 CRC patients using two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis. Of 3458 protein spots, 110 exhibited statistically significant (p<0.01) differences in intensity (more than 2.5-folds) between the normal and tumor tissue groups. Of 67 unique gene products that were identified for 105 of the 110 protein spots, we focused on the higher expression of the adenoma polyposis coli-binding protein EB1 (EB1). EB1 was originally discovered as a binding protein of APC, which is a tumor suppressor gene product, and the expression of EB1 has been associated with poor prognosis in several malignancies but not in CRC. Immunohistochemical analysis of the 132 CRC cases revealed that EB1 was overexpressed in tumor cells in correlation with poor prognosis. Suppression of EB1 by RNAi inhibited CRC cell proliferation and invasion. In this study, the overexpression of EB1 in CRC tissues correlating with prognosis, and its functional contribution to the malignant phenotypes of CRC cells are described. The present findings indicate that EB1 is a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Sugihara
- Division of Pharmacoproteomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Japan
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45
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Proteomic study of malignant pleural mesothelioma by laser microdissection and two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis identified cathepsin D as a novel candidate for a differential diagnosis biomarker. J Proteomics 2012; 75:833-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Revised: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Northwestern China: a place to learn more on oesophageal cancer. Part two: gene alterations and polymorphisms. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011; 23:1087-99. [PMID: 22002005 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0b013e32834a14d9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the first part of this review, some behavioural and environmental risk factors playing important roles in the development of Kazakh's oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) were presented. Although all individuals have been exposed to the same environment and share the same behaviour, some of them will not develop OSCC. Thus, gene susceptibility and/or gene polymorphism are unavoidably involved. The molecular events underlying the initiation and progression of OSCC remain, however, poorly understood. In the second part of our review of OSCC in northwestern China, especially in the high-risk Kazakh population, some recent progress in the study of the molecular biology underlying oesophageal carcinogenesis, including chromosome deletions and loss of heterozygocity, polymorphisms of genes involved in xenobiotic metabolizing and DNA repair, and genetic alterations of transcriptional factors and apoptosis genes are presented. Results obtained in this high-risk population are compared with those obtained in other areas that are also known to be at high risk for OSCC, and whenever possible, with those studies performed in European, American or Australian low-risk areas. Recent advances in the investigation of the proteomics and microRNA biomarkers potentially useful for an earlier diagnosis and/or prognosis of OSCC are also discussed.
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Hoffner G, Vanhoutteghem A, André W, Djian P. Transglutaminase in epidermis and neurological disease or what makes a good cross-linking substrate. ADVANCES IN ENZYMOLOGY AND RELATED AREAS OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 78:97-160. [PMID: 22220473 DOI: 10.1002/9781118105771.ch3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guylaine Hoffner
- Unité Propre de Recherche 2228 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Régulation de la Transcription et Maladies Génétiques, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
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Pawar H, Kashyap MK, Sahasrabuddhe NA, Renuse S, Harsha HC, Kumar P, Sharma J, Kandasamy K, Marimuthu A, Nair B, Rajagopalan S, Maharudraiah J, Premalatha CS, Kumar KVV, Vijayakumar M, Chaerkady R, Prasad TSK, Kumar RV, Pandey A. Quantitative tissue proteomics of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma for novel biomarker discovery. Cancer Biol Ther 2011; 12:510-22. [PMID: 21743296 PMCID: PMC3218592 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.12.6.16833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is among the top ten most frequent malignancies worldwide. In this study, our objective was to identify potential biomarkers for ESCC through a quantitative proteomic approach using the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) approach. We compared the protein expression profiles of ESCC tumor tissues with the corresponding adjacent normal tissue from ten patients. LC-MS/MS analysis of strong cation exchange chromatography fractions was carried out on an Accurate Mass QTOF mass spectrometer, which led to the identification of 687 proteins. In all, 257 proteins were identified as differentially expressed in ESCC as compared to normal. We found several previously known protein biomarkers to be upregulated in ESCC including thrombospondin 1 (THBS1), periostin 1 (POSTN) and heat shock 70 kDa protein 9 (HSPA9) confirming the validity of our approach. In addition, several novel proteins that had not been reported previously were identified in our screen. These novel biomarker candidates included prosaposin (PSAP), plectin 1 (PLEC1) and protein disulfide isomerase A 4 (PDIA4) that were further validated to be overexpressed by immunohistochemical labeling using tissue microarrays. The success of our study shows that this mass spectrometric strategy can be applied to cancers in general to develop a panel of candidate biomarkers, which can then be validated by other techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Pawar
- Institute of Bioinformatics; International Technology Park; Bangalore, India
- Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences; Bangalore, India
- Department of Pathology; Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology; Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology; Bangalore, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Kashyap
- Institute of Bioinformatics; International Technology Park; Bangalore, India
| | - Nandini A Sahasrabuddhe
- Institute of Bioinformatics; International Technology Park; Bangalore, India
- Manipal University; Manipal, India
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Santosh Renuse
- Institute of Bioinformatics; International Technology Park; Bangalore, India
- Department of Biotechnology; Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham; Kollam, India
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD USA
| | - HC Harsha
- Institute of Bioinformatics; International Technology Park; Bangalore, India
| | - Praveen Kumar
- Institute of Bioinformatics; International Technology Park; Bangalore, India
| | - Jyoti Sharma
- Institute of Bioinformatics; International Technology Park; Bangalore, India
- Manipal University; Manipal, India
| | - Kumaran Kandasamy
- Institute of Bioinformatics; International Technology Park; Bangalore, India
| | - Arivusudar Marimuthu
- Institute of Bioinformatics; International Technology Park; Bangalore, India
- Manipal University; Manipal, India
| | - Bipin Nair
- Department of Biotechnology; Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham; Kollam, India
| | | | - Jagadeesha Maharudraiah
- Institute of Bioinformatics; International Technology Park; Bangalore, India
- RajaRajeswari Medical College; Bangalore, India
| | | | | | - M Vijayakumar
- Department of Surgical Oncology; Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology; Bangalore, India
| | - Raghothama Chaerkady
- Institute of Bioinformatics; International Technology Park; Bangalore, India
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Thotterthodi Subrahmanya Keshava Prasad
- Institute of Bioinformatics; International Technology Park; Bangalore, India
- Manipal University; Manipal, India
- Centre of Excellence in Bioinformatics; School of Life Sciences; Pondicherry University; Pondicherry, India
| | - Rekha V Kumar
- Department of Pathology; Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology; Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology; Bangalore, India
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD USA
- Oncology; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD USA
- Pathology; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD USA
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Global expression study in colorectal cancer on proteins with alkaline isoelectric point by two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis. J Proteomics 2011; 74:858-73. [PMID: 21385629 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2011] [Revised: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 02/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide. To identify candidates for biomarkers and therapeutic targets, we investigated the proteome of colorectal cancer tissues. Using 2D-DIGE in combination with our original large format electrophoresis apparatus, we compared surgically resected normal and tumor tissues from 53 patients with colorectal cancer. We focused on proteins with an alkaline pI using IPG gels for the alkaline range. We observed 1687 protein spots, and found 100 spots with statistical (p<0.01) and significant (>2-fold) differences between the normal and the tumor tissue groups. Among these 100 protein spots, five showed a different intensity between tumor tissues from the stage-II and the stage-III patients. MS experiments revealed that these 100 protein spots corresponded to 58 unique proteins. These included six proteins which had not been previously reported to be associated with colorectal cancer. Among these proteins, five were not reported in any type of malignancy. IEF/western blotting confirmed the differences in protein expression between the normal and the tumor tissues. These results may provide an insight for biomarker development and drug target discovery in colorectal cancer.
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