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Chan KI, Zhang S, Li G, Xu Y, Cui L, Wang Y, Su H, Tan W, Zhong Z. MYC Oncogene: A Druggable Target for Treating Cancers with Natural Products. Aging Dis 2024; 15:640-697. [PMID: 37450923 PMCID: PMC10917530 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Various diseases, including cancers, age-associated disorders, and acute liver failure, have been linked to the oncogene, MYC. Animal testing and clinical trials have shown that sustained tumor volume reduction can be achieved when MYC is inactivated, and different combinations of therapeutic agents including MYC inhibitors are currently being developed. In this review, we first provide a summary of the multiple biological functions of the MYC oncoprotein in cancer treatment, highlighting that the equilibrium points of the MYC/MAX, MIZ1/MYC/MAX, and MAD (MNT)/MAX complexes have further potential in cancer treatment that could be used to restrain MYC oncogene expression and its functions in tumorigenesis. We also discuss the multifunctional capacity of MYC in various cellular cancer processes, including its influences on immune response, metabolism, cell cycle, apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, metastasis, angiogenesis, multidrug resistance, and intestinal flora. Moreover, we summarize the MYC therapy patent landscape and emphasize the potential of MYC as a druggable target, using herbal medicine modulators. Finally, we describe pending challenges and future perspectives in biomedical research, involving the development of therapeutic approaches to modulate MYC or its targeted genes. Patients with cancers driven by MYC signaling may benefit from therapies targeting these pathways, which could delay cancerous growth and recover antitumor immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Iong Chan
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Siyuan Zhang
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Guodong Li
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Yida Xu
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Liao Cui
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Huanxing Su
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Wen Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhangfeng Zhong
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
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2
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Ahmadi SE, Rahimi S, Zarandi B, Chegeni R, Safa M. MYC: a multipurpose oncogene with prognostic and therapeutic implications in blood malignancies. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:121. [PMID: 34372899 PMCID: PMC8351444 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01111-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MYC oncogene is a transcription factor with a wide array of functions affecting cellular activities such as cell cycle, apoptosis, DNA damage response, and hematopoiesis. Due to the multi-functionality of MYC, its expression is regulated at multiple levels. Deregulation of this oncogene can give rise to a variety of cancers. In this review, MYC regulation and the mechanisms by which MYC adjusts cellular functions and its implication in hematologic malignancies are summarized. Further, we also discuss potential inhibitors of MYC that could be beneficial for treating hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Esmaeil Ahmadi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Rahimi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahman Zarandi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rouzbeh Chegeni
- Medical Laboratory Sciences Program, College of Health and Human Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA.
| | - Majid Safa
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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3
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Arman K, Möröy T. Crosstalk Between MYC and lncRNAs in Hematological Malignancies. Front Oncol 2020; 10:579940. [PMID: 33134177 PMCID: PMC7579998 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.579940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The human genome project revealed the existence of many thousands of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). These transcripts that are over 200 nucleotides long were soon recognized for their importance in regulating gene expression. However, their poor conservation among species and their still controversial annotation has limited their study to some extent. Moreover, a generally lower expression of lncRNAs as compared to protein coding genes and their enigmatic biochemical mechanisms have impeded progress in the understanding of their biological roles. It is, however, known that lncRNAs engage in various kinds of interactions and can form complexes with other RNAs, with genomic DNA or proteins rendering their functional regulatory network quite complex. It has emerged from recent studies that lncRNAs exert important roles in gene expression that affect many cellular processes underlying development, cellular differentiation, but also the pathogenesis of blood cancers like leukemia and lymphoma. A number of lncRNAs have been found to be regulated by several well-known transcription factors including Myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog (MYC). The c-MYC gene is known to be one of the most frequently deregulated oncogenes and a driver for many human cancers. The c-MYC gene is very frequently activated by chromosomal translocations in hematopoietic cancers most prominently in B- or T-cell lymphoma or leukemia and much is already known about its role as a DNA binding transcriptional regulator. Although the understanding of MYC's regulatory role controlling lncRNA expression and how MYC itself is controlled by lncRNA in blood cancers is still at the beginning, an intriguing picture emerges indicating that c-MYC may execute part of its oncogenic function through lncRNAs. Several studies have identified lncRNAs regulating c-MYC expression and c-MYC regulated lncRNAs in different blood cancers and have unveiled new mechanisms how these RNA molecules act. In this review, we give an overview of lncRNAs that have been recognized as critical in the context of activated c-MYC in leukemia and lymphoma, describe their mechanism of action and their effect on transcriptional reprogramming in cancer cells. Finally, we discuss possible ways how an interference with their molecular function could be exploited for new cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaifee Arman
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Tarik Möröy
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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4
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Stopsack KH, Gerke T, Tyekucheva S, Mazzu YZ, Lee GSM, Chakraborty G, Abida W, Mucci LA, Kantoff PW. Low Expression of the Androgen-Induced Tumor Suppressor Gene PLZF and Lethal Prostate Cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2019; 28:707-714. [PMID: 30602500 PMCID: PMC6532645 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-18-1014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 4%-9% of prostate cancers harbor homozygous deletions of the androgen-induced tumor suppressor gene, promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger (PLZF, ZBTB16). PLZF loss induces an in vitro phenotype of castration resistance and enzalutamide resistance. The association of low expression of PLZF and clinical outcomes is unclear. METHODS We assessed PLZF mRNA expression in patients diagnosed with primary prostate cancer during prospective follow-up of the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS; n = 254) and the Physicians' Health Study (PHS; n = 150), as well as in The Cancer Genome Atlas (n = 333). We measured PTEN status (using copy numbers and IHC) and transcriptional activation of the MAPK pathway. Patients from HPFS and PHS were followed for metastases and prostate cancer-specific mortality (median, 15.3 years; 113 lethal events). RESULTS PLZF mRNA expression was lower in tumors with PLZF deletions. There was a strong, positive association between intratumoral androgen receptor (AR) signaling and PLZF expression. PLZF expression was also lower in tumors with PTEN loss. Low PLZF expression was associated with higher MAPK signaling. Patients in the lowest quartile of PLZF expression compared with those in the highest quartile were more likely to develop lethal prostate cancer, independent of clinicopathologic features, Gleason score, and AR signaling (odds ratio, 3.17; 95% confidence interval, 1.32-7.60). CONCLUSIONS Low expression of the tumor suppressor gene PLZF is associated with a worse prognosis in primary prostate cancer. IMPACT Suppression of PLZF as a consequence of androgen deprivation may be undesirable. PLZF should be tested as a predictive marker for resistance to androgen deprivation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad H Stopsack
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Travis Gerke
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Svitlana Tyekucheva
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ying Z Mazzu
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Gwo-Shu Mary Lee
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Goutam Chakraborty
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Wassim Abida
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Lorelei A Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Philip W Kantoff
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
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5
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Kasler HG, Lee IS, Lim HW, Verdin E. Histone Deacetylase 7 mediates tissue-specific autoimmunity via control of innate effector function in invariant Natural Killer T Cells. eLife 2018; 7:e32109. [PMID: 29664401 PMCID: PMC5943034 DOI: 10.7554/elife.32109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We report that Histone Deacetylase 7 (HDAC7) controls the thymic effector programming of Natural Killer T (NKT) cells, and that interference with this function contributes to tissue-specific autoimmunity. Gain of HDAC7 function in thymocytes blocks both negative selection and NKT development, and diverts Vα14/Jα18 TCR transgenic thymocytes into a Tconv-like lineage. Conversely, HDAC7 deletion promotes thymocyte apoptosis and causes expansion of innate-effector cells. Investigating the mechanisms involved, we found that HDAC7 binds PLZF and modulates PLZF-dependent transcription. Moreover, HDAC7 and many of its transcriptional targets are human risk loci for IBD and PSC, autoimmune diseases that strikingly resemble the disease we observe in HDAC7 gain-of-function in mice. Importantly, reconstitution of iNKT cells in these mice mitigated their disease, suggesting that the combined defects in negative selection and iNKT cells due to altered HDAC7 function can cause tissue-restricted autoimmunity, a finding that may explain the association between HDAC7 and hepatobiliary autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert G Kasler
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and ImmunologySan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Buck Institute for Research on AgingNovatoUnited States
| | - Intelly S Lee
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and ImmunologySan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Hyung W Lim
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and ImmunologySan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Eric Verdin
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and ImmunologySan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Buck Institute for Research on AgingNovatoUnited States
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6
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Kim T, Cui R, Jeon YJ, Fadda P, Alder H, Croce CM. MYC-repressed long noncoding RNAs antagonize MYC-induced cell proliferation and cell cycle progression. Oncotarget 2016; 6:18780-9. [PMID: 26003165 PMCID: PMC4662455 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor MYC is a proto-oncogene regulating cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis and metabolism. The recent identification of MYC-regulated long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) expands our knowledge of the role of lncRNAs in MYC functions. Here, we identify MYC-repressed lncRNAs named MYCLo-4, -5 and -6 by comparing 3 categories of lncRNAs (downregulated in highly MYC-expressing colorectal cancer, up-regulated by MYC knockdown in HCT116, upregulated by MYC knockdown in RKO). The MYC-repressed MYCLos are implicated in MYC-modulated cell proliferation through cell cycle regulation. By screening cell cycle-related genes regulated by MYC and the MYC-repressed MYCLos, we identified the MYC-repressed gene GADD45A as a target gene of the MYC-repressed MYCLos such as MYCLo-4 and MYCLo-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taewan Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ri Cui
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Young-Jun Jeon
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Paolo Fadda
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Hansjuerg Alder
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Carlo M Croce
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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7
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Liu TM, Lee EH, Lim B, Shyh-Chang N. Concise Review: Balancing Stem Cell Self-Renewal and Differentiation with PLZF. Stem Cells 2016; 34:277-87. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Ming Liu
- Cancer Stem Cell Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore; Singapore
| | - Eng Hin Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; National University of Singapore; Singapore
- NUS Tissue Engineering Program (NUSTEP); National University of Singapore; Singapore
| | - Bing Lim
- Cancer Stem Cell Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore; Singapore
| | - Ng Shyh-Chang
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology; Genome Institute of Singapore; Singapore
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8
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Hsieh CL, Botta G, Gao S, Li T, Van Allen EM, Treacy DJ, Cai C, He HH, Sweeney CJ, Brown M, Balk SP, Nelson PS, Garraway LA, Kantoff PW. PLZF, a tumor suppressor genetically lost in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, is a mediator of resistance to androgen deprivation therapy. Cancer Res 2015; 75:1944-8. [PMID: 25808865 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-3602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Whole-exome sequencing of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) reveals that 5% to 7% of tumors harbor promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger (PLZF) protein homozygous deletions. PLZF is a canonical androgen-regulated putative tumor suppressor gene whose expression is inhibited by androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Here, we demonstrate that knockdown of PLZF expression promotes a CRPC and enzalutamide-resistant phenotype in prostate cancer cells. Reintroduction of PLZF expression is sufficient to reverse androgen-independent growth mediated by PLZF depletion. PLZF loss enhances CRPC tumor growth in a xenograft model. Bioinformatic analysis of the PLZF cistrome shows that PLZF negatively regulates multiple pathways, including the MAPK pathway. Accordingly, our data support an oncogenic program activated by ADT. This acquired mechanism together with the finding of genetic loss in CRPC implicates PLZF inactivation as a mechanism promoting ADT resistance and the CRPC phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ginevra Botta
- Department of Medical Oncology, and Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Shuai Gao
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Eliezer M Van Allen
- Department of Medical Oncology, and Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Changmeng Cai
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Housheng Hansen He
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Myles Brown
- Department of Medical Oncology, and Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Steven P Balk
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peter S Nelson
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Levi A Garraway
- Department of Medical Oncology, and Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
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9
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Zhang Y, Guo Z, Xu L. Tributyltin induces a G2/M cell cycle arrest in human amniotic cells via PP2A inhibition-mediated inactivation of the ERK1/2 cascades. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 37:812-818. [PMID: 24632106 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying the cell cycle alterations induced by tributyltin (TBT), a highly toxic environmental contaminant, remain elusive. In this study, cell cycle progression and some key regulators in G2/M phase were investigated in human amniotic cells treated with TBT. Furthermore, protein phosphatase (PP) 2A and the ERK cascades were examined. The results showed that TBT caused a G2/M cell cycle arrest that was accompanied by a decrease in the total cdc25C protein level and an increase in the p-cdc2 level in the nucleus. TBT caused a decrease in PP2A activity and inhibited the ERK cascade by inactivating Raf-1, resulting in the dephosphorylation of MEK1/2, ERK1/2, and c-Myc. Taken together, TBT leads to a G2/M cell cycle arrest in FL cells, an increase in p-cdc2 and a decrease in the levels of total cdc25C protein, which may be caused by the PP2A inhibition-mediated inactivation of the ERK1/2 cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Nantong University, 19 Qi Xiu Rode, 226001 Nantong, China; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 388 Yu Hang Tang Road, 310058 Hangzhou, China.
| | - Zonglou Guo
- Department of Biosystem Engineering, College of Biosystem Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 388 Yu Hang Tang Road, 310058 Hangzhou, China.
| | - Lihong Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 388 Yu Hang Tang Road, 310058 Hangzhou, China.
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10
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Zaade D, Schmitz J, Benke E, Klare S, Seidel K, Kirsch S, Goldin-Lang P, Zollmann FS, Unger T, Funke-Kaiser H. Distinct signal transduction pathways downstream of the (P)RR revealed by microarray and ChIP-chip analyses. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57674. [PMID: 23469216 PMCID: PMC3587649 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The (pro)renin receptor ((P)RR) signaling is involved in different pathophysiologies ranging from cardiorenal end-organ damage via diabetic retinopathy to tumorigenesis. We have previously shown that the transcription factor promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger (PLZF) is an adaptor protein of the (P)RR. Furthermore, recent publications suggest that major functions of the (P)RR are mediated ligand-independently by its transmembrane and intracellular part, which acts as an accessory protein of V-ATPases. The transcriptome and recruitmentome downstream of the V-ATPase function and PLZF in the context of the (P)RR are currently unknown. Therefore, we performed a set of microarray and chromatin-immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-chip experiments using siRNA against the (P)RR, stable overexpression of PLZF, the PLZF translocation inhibitor genistein and the specific V-ATPase inhibitor bafilomycin to dissect transcriptional pathways downstream of the (P)RR. We were able to identify distinct and overlapping genetic signatures as well as novel real-time PCR-validated target genes of the different molecular functions of the (P)RR. Moreover, bioinformatic analyses of our data confirm the role of (P)RŔs signal transduction pathways in cardiovascular disease and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Zaade
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, CCR/Institute of Pharmacology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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11
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Shi J, Sun M, Vogt PK. Smooth muscle α-actin is a direct target of PLZF: effects on the cytoskeleton and on susceptibility to oncogenic transformation. Oncotarget 2011; 1:9-21. [PMID: 20634973 PMCID: PMC2903758 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in cell morphology and rearrangements of the actin cytoskeleton are common features accompanying cell transformation induced by various oncogenes. In this study, we show that promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger protein (PLZF) binds to the promoter of smooth muscle α-actin, reducing mRNA and protein levels encoded by this gene and resulting in a reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. In cultures of chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF), this effect on α-actin expression is correlated with a change in cellular phenotype from spindle shaped to polygonal and flattened. This morphological change is dependent on Ras function. The polygonal, flattened CEF show a high degree of resistance to the transforming activity of several oncoproteins. Our results support the conclusion that reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton plays an important role in tumor suppression by PLZF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Shi
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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12
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Hobbs RM, Pandolfi PP. Shape-shifting and tumor suppression by PLZF. Oncotarget 2010; 1:3-5. [PMID: 21293049 PMCID: PMC4053541 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2010] [Accepted: 04/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Robin M. Hobbs
- Cancer Genetics Program, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pier Paolo Pandolfi
- Cancer Genetics Program, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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