1
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McAndrews KM, Mahadevan KK, Kalluri R. Mouse Models to Evaluate the Functional Role of the Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer Progression and Therapy Responses. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2024; 14:a041411. [PMID: 38191175 PMCID: PMC11216184 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex ecosystem of both cellular and noncellular components that functions to impact the evolution of cancer. Various aspects of the TME have been targeted for the control of cancer; however, TME composition is dynamic, with the overall abundance of immune cells, endothelial cells (ECs), fibroblasts, and extracellular matrix (ECM) as well as subsets of TME components changing at different stages of progression and in response to therapy. To effectively treat cancer, an understanding of the functional role of the TME is needed. Genetically engineered mouse models have enabled comprehensive insight into the complex interactions within the TME ecosystem that regulate disease progression. Here, we review recent advances in mouse models that have been employed to understand how the TME regulates cancer initiation, progression, metastasis, and response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M McAndrews
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77054, USA
| | - Krishnan K Mahadevan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77054, USA
| | - Raghu Kalluri
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77054, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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2
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Chen Y, Liu L, Xia L, Wu N, Wang Y, Li H, Chen X, Zhang X, Liu Z, Zhu M, Liao Q, Wang J. TRPM7 silencing modulates glucose metabolic reprogramming to inhibit the growth of ovarian cancer by enhancing AMPK activation to promote HIF-1α degradation. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:44. [PMID: 35101076 PMCID: PMC8802454 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02252-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor cell metabolic reprogramming is crucial for the malignant behavior of cancer cells by promoting their proliferation. However, little is known on how transient receptor potential 7 (TRPM7) modulates metabolic reprogramming in ovarian cancer. METHODS The effects of TRPM7 silencing on transcriptome profile, glucose uptake, lactic acid production, extracellular acidification rate (ECAR), oxygen consumption rate (OCR), intracellular ROS and ATP levels, and NAD+/NADH ratios in ovarian cancer cells were examined. The impacts of TRPM7 silencing on the levels of glycolysis-related HK2, PDK1 and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS)-related IDH3B and UQCRC1, HIF-1α expression and AMPK phosphorylation were determined in ovarian cancer. The effect of AMPK activity on HIF-1α ubiquitination degradation was investigated in ovarian cancer cells. RESULTS Compared with the control, TRPM7 silencing suppressed the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells by shifting preferable glycolysis to OXPHOS. In parallel, TRPM7 silencing decreased the glucose uptake of tumor-bearing mice and TRPM7 levels were negatively correlated with IDH3B and UQCRC1, but positively with HK2 and PDK1 expression in ovarian cancer tissues. Mechanistically, TRPM7 silencing significantly increased AMPK phosphorylation and decreased HIF-1α protein levels in ovarian cancer, particularly in HIF-1α silencing cells. The shifting from glycolysis to OXPHOS by TRPM7 silencing was abrogated by HIF-1α over-expression and impaired by inhibiting AMPK activity in ovarian cancer cells. Moreover, enhanced AMPK activation inhibited glycolysis, which was abrogated by HIF-1α over-expression in ovarian cancer cells. Moreover, the enhanced AMPK activation promoted HIF-1α ubiquitination degradation. CONCLUSIONS TRPM7 silencing enhanced AMPK activation to shift glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation by promoting HIF-1α ubiquitination degradation in ovarian cancer. Hence, TRPM7 may be a therapeutic target for intervention of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchang Chen
- Hunan clinicaI research center in gynecologic cancer, Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
- University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Hunan clinicaI research center in gynecologic cancer, Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Longzheng Xia
- Hunan clinicaI research center in gynecologic cancer, Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Nayiyuan Wu
- Hunan clinicaI research center in gynecologic cancer, Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Hunan clinicaI research center in gynecologic cancer, Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - He Li
- Hunan clinicaI research center in gynecologic cancer, Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Hunan clinicaI research center in gynecologic cancer, Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoye Zhang
- Hunan clinicaI research center in gynecologic cancer, Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaoyi Liu
- Hunan clinicaI research center in gynecologic cancer, Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Miaochen Zhu
- Hunan clinicaI research center in gynecologic cancer, Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
- University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Qianjin Liao
- Hunan clinicaI research center in gynecologic cancer, Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
| | - Jing Wang
- Hunan clinicaI research center in gynecologic cancer, Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
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3
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Lindahl G, Rzepecka A, Dabrosin C. Increased Extracellular Osteopontin Levels in Normal Human Breast Tissue at High Risk of Developing Cancer and Its Association With Inflammatory Biomarkers in situ. Front Oncol 2019; 9:746. [PMID: 31475105 PMCID: PMC6707004 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammographic breast density is a strong independent risk factor for breast cancer (BC), but the molecular mechanisms behind this risk is yet undetermined and prevention strategies for these women are lacking. The anti-estrogen tamoxifen may reduce the risk of BC but this treatment is associated with severe side effects. Thus, other means for BC prevention, such as diet interventions, need to be developed. Osteopontin (OPN) is a major mediator of inflammation which is key in carcinogenesis. OPN may be cleaved by proteases in the tissue and cleaved OPN may in turn induce an inflammatory cascade in the extracellular microenvironment. We aimed to determine if extracellular OPN was altered in BC and in normal breast tissue with different densities and if tamoxifen or a diet of flaxseed could modify OPN levels. The study comprised 103 women; 13 diagnosed with BC, 42 healthy post-menopausal women with different breast densities at their mammography screen, and 34 post-menopausal women who added 25 g of ground flaxseed/day or were treated with tamoxifen 20 mg/day and were investigated before and after 6 weeks of exposure. Additionally, 10 premenopausal women who added flaxseed for one menstrual cycle and four who were investigated in two unexposed consecutive luteal phases of the menstrual cycle. Microdialysis was used to sample extracellular proteins in vivo in breast tissue and proteins were quantified using a multiplex proximity extension assay. We found that, similar to BC, extracellular in vivo OPN levels were significantly increased in dense breast tissue. Additionally, significant correlations were found between OPN and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL)-1, −8, −9, −10, and −11, interleukin-6, vascular endothelial growth factor, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, −2, −3, 7, and −12 and urokinase-type plasminogen activator whereas no correlations were found with MMP-9, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL)-2, and −5. Estradiol did not affect OPN levels in breast tissue. None of the interventions altered OPN levels. The pro-tumorigenic protein OPN may indeed be a molecular target for BC prevention in women with increased breast density but other means than tamoxifen or flaxseed i.e., more potent anti-inflammatory approaches, need to be evaluated for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Lindahl
- Department of Oncology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anna Rzepecka
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Radiology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Charlotta Dabrosin
- Department of Oncology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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James NE, Cantillo E, Oliver MT, Rowswell-Turner RB, Ribeiro JR, Kim KK, Chichester CO, DiSilvestro PA, Moore RG, Singh RK, Yano N, Zhao TC. HE4 suppresses the expression of osteopontin in mononuclear cells and compromises their cytotoxicity against ovarian cancer cells. Clin Exp Immunol 2019; 193:327-340. [PMID: 29745428 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancers are known to evade immunosurveillance and to orchestrate a suppressive immune microenvironment. Here we examine the role of human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), an ovarian cancer biomarker, in immune evasion. Through modified subtractive hybridization analyses we have characterized the gene targets of HE4 in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and established a preliminary mechanism for HE4-mediated immune failure in ovarian tumours. Upon exposure of purified PMBCs to HE4, osteopontin (OPN) and dual-specificity phosphatase 6 (DUSP6) emerged as the most suppressed and up-regulated genes, respectively. SKOV3 and OVCAR8, human ovarian carcinoma cell lines, exhibited enhanced proliferation in conditioned media from HE4-exposed PBMCs, an effect that was attenuated by the addition of recombinant OPN or OPN-inducible cytokines [interleukin (IL)-12 and interferon (IFN)-Ɣ]. Additionally, upon co-culture with PBMCs, HE4-silenced SKOV3 cells were found to be more susceptible to cytotoxic cell death. The relationship between HE4 and OPN was reinforced further through the analysis of serous ovarian cancer patient samples. In these biopsy specimens, the number of OPN+ T cells correlated positively with progression free survival (PFS) and inversely with serum HE4 level. Taken together, these findings show that HE4 enhances ovarian cancer tumorigenesis by compromising OPN-mediated T cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E James
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Program in Women's Oncology, Women and Infants Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - E Cantillo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Program in Women's Oncology, Women and Infants Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - M T Oliver
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Program in Women's Oncology, Women and Infants Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - J R Ribeiro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Program in Women's Oncology, Women and Infants Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - K-K Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - C O Chichester
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - P A DiSilvestro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Program in Women's Oncology, Women and Infants Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - R G Moore
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - R K Singh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Program in Women's Oncology, Women and Infants Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - N Yano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Program in Women's Oncology, Women and Infants Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - T C Zhao
- Department of Surgery, Roger Williams Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
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5
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Szulzewsky F, Schwendinger N, Güneykaya D, Cimino PJ, Hambardzumyan D, Synowitz M, Holland EC, Kettenmann H. Loss of host-derived osteopontin creates a glioblastoma-promoting microenvironment. Neuro Oncol 2019; 20:355-366. [PMID: 29016864 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nox165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Microglia and periphery-derived monocytes infiltrate human and mouse glioblastoma and their density is positively correlated with malignancy. Using microarray and RNA sequencing, we have previously shown that glioblastoma-associated microglia/monocytes (GAMs) express osteopontin/SPP1. Methods We used quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR, immunofluorescence stainings, western blot, and flow cytometry to identify the various sources of osteopontin (OPN) expression in human and mouse glioblastoma. We implanted wild type GL261 glioblastoma cells, which do not express significant levels of OPN, into wild type and OPN-/- mice to investigate the role of microenvironment-derived OPN on glioblastoma progression. Results Our data indicate that GAMs are the predominant source of OPN in both human and mouse glioblastoma and express only the secreted form of OPN. Loss of microenvironment-derived OPN enhanced tumor progression. Staining by Ki67 and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling showed no difference in overall cell proliferation but a decreased apoptosis rate in tumors in OPN-/- mice. CD31 staining showed a significantly decreased number of microvessels in tumors in OPN-/- mice, accompanied by reduced coverage of vessels with platelet derived growth factor receptor β+ pericytes. Flow cytometry analysis revealed a significant increase of CD11b+/CD45low microglia but not of CD11b+/CD45high macrophages/monocytes in tumors in OPN-/- mice. Sorted CD11b+ cells from wild type and OPN-/- naïve brains and tumors did not show a significant difference in the expression pattern of activation marker genes. Conclusion Our results show that in tested human and mouse glioblastoma samples, OPN is predominantly expressed and secreted by GAMs and that, in contrast to OPN expression in the tumor cells per se, loss of stroma-derived OPN creates a glioblastoma-promoting microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Szulzewsky
- Cellular Neurosciences, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Nina Schwendinger
- Cellular Neurosciences, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dilansu Güneykaya
- Cellular Neurosciences, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Patrick J Cimino
- Department of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Dolores Hambardzumyan
- Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Michael Synowitz
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Eric C Holland
- Department of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Helmut Kettenmann
- Cellular Neurosciences, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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Osteopontin at the Crossroads of Inflammation and Tumor Progression. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:4049098. [PMID: 28769537 PMCID: PMC5523273 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4049098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex interactions between tumor and host cells regulate systemic tumor dissemination, a process that begins early at the primary tumor site and goes on until tumor cells detach themselves from the tumor mass and start migrating into the blood or lymphatic vessels. Metastatic cells colonize the target organs and are capable of surviving and growing at distant sites. In this context, osteopontin (OPN) appears to be a key determinant of the crosstalk between cancer cells and the host microenvironment, which in turn modulates immune evasion. OPN is overexpressed in several human carcinomas and has been implicated in inflammation, tumor progression, and metastasis. Thus, it represents one of the most attracting targets for cancer therapy. Within the tumor mass, OPN is secreted in various forms either by the tumor itself or by stroma cells, and it can exert either pro- or antitumorigenic effects according to the cell type and tumor microenvironment. Thus, targeting OPN for therapeutic purposes needs to take into account the heterogeneous functions of the multiple OPN forms with regard to cancer formation and progression. In this review, we will describe the role of systemic, tumor-derived, and stroma-derived OPN, highlighting its pivotal role at the crossroads of inflammation and tumor progression.
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7
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Danzaki K, Kanayama M, Alcazar O, Shinohara ML. Osteopontin has a protective role in prostate tumor development in mice. Eur J Immunol 2016; 46:2669-2678. [PMID: 27601131 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a protein, generally considered to play a pro-tumorigenic role, whereas several reports have demonstrated the anti-tumorigenic function of OPN during tumor development. These opposing anti- and pro-tumorigenic functions are not fully understood. Here, we report that host-derived OPN plays an anti-tumorigenic role in the transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) model and a TRAMP tumor transplant model. Tumor suppression mediated by OPN in Rag2-/- mice suggests that OPN is dispensable in the adaptive immune response. We found that host-derived OPN enhanced infiltration of natural killer (NK) cells into TRAMP tumors. The requirement of OPN in NK cell migration towards TRAMP cells was confirmed by an ex vivo cell migration assay. In contrast to TRAMP cells, in vivo B16 tumor development was not inhibited by OPN, and B16 tumors did not show OPN-mediated cell recruitment. It is possible that low levels of chemokine expression by B16 cells do not allow OPN to enhance immune cell recruitment. In addition to demonstrating the anti-tumorigenic role of OPN in TRAMP tumor development, this study also suggests that the contribution of OPN to tumor development depends on the type of tumor as well as the source and isoform of OPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Danzaki
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Masashi Kanayama
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Oscar Alcazar
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Mari L Shinohara
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, 27710, USA. .,Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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Chang PL, Hsieh YH, Wang CC, Juliana MM, Tsuruta Y, Timares L, Elmets C, Ho KJ. Osteopontin facilitates ultraviolet B-induced squamous cell carcinoma development. J Dermatol Sci 2014; 75:121-32. [PMID: 24888687 PMCID: PMC4128184 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteopontin (OPN) is a matricellular glycoprotein that is markedly expressed in cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (cSCCs) and in actinic keratoses implicating its role in photocarcinogenesis. OBJECTIVE To determine whether OPN facilitates the development of cSCC and its function. METHODS cSCCs development was compared between wild-type (WT) and OPN-null mice subjected to UVB irradiation for 43 weeks. UVB-induced OPN expression was determined by Western blot, immunoprecipitation, ELISA, and semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Epidermal layer and TUNEL analyses assessed if OPN mediates UVB-induced epidermal hyperplasia or suppresses UVB-induced apoptosis of basal keratinocytes, respectively. In vitro experiments determined whether OPN enhances cell survival of UVB-induced apoptosis and its potential mechanisms. Immunohistochemical analyses of epidermis assessed the expression of CD44 and focal adhesion kinase (FAK), molecules that mediate OPN survival function. RESULTS Compared to female WT mice, OPN-null mice did not develop cSCCs. UVB irradiation stimulated OPN protein expression in the dorsal skin by 11h and remains high at 24-48h. OPN did not mediate UVB-induced epidermal hyperplasia; instead, it protected basal keratinocytes from undergoing apoptosis upon UVB exposure. Likewise, the addition of OPN suppressed UVB-induced OPN-null cSCC cell apoptosis, the activation of caspase-9 activity, and increased phosphorylation of FAK at Y397. Furthermore, the expression of CD44 and FAK in WT mice epidermis was greater than that of OPN-null mice prior to and during early acute UVB exposure. CONCLUSION These data support the hypothesis that chronic UVB-induced OPN expression protects the survival of initiated basal keratinocytes and, consequently, facilitates cSCC develop.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/radiation effects
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/prevention & control
- Cell Line
- Cell Survival/radiation effects
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Epidermis/metabolism
- Epidermis/pathology
- Epidermis/radiation effects
- Female
- Focal Adhesion Kinase 1/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Hyaluronan Receptors/metabolism
- Hyperplasia
- Keratinocytes/metabolism
- Keratinocytes/pathology
- Keratinocytes/radiation effects
- Mice, 129 Strain
- Mice, Knockout
- Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/genetics
- Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/pathology
- Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/prevention & control
- Osteopontin/deficiency
- Osteopontin/genetics
- Osteopontin/metabolism
- Skin Neoplasms/genetics
- Skin Neoplasms/metabolism
- Skin Neoplasms/pathology
- Skin Neoplasms/prevention & control
- Time Factors
- Ultraviolet Rays/adverse effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Pi-Ling Chang
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Yu-Hua Hsieh
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Chao-Cheng Wang
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - M Margaret Juliana
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Yuko Tsuruta
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Laura Timares
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Craig Elmets
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kang-Jey Ho
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Shevde LA, Samant RS. Role of osteopontin in the pathophysiology of cancer. Matrix Biol 2014; 37:131-41. [PMID: 24657887 PMCID: PMC5916777 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a multifunctional cytokine that impacts cell proliferation, survival, drug resistance, invasion, and stem like behavior. Due to its critical involvement in regulating cellular functions, its aberrant expression and/or splicing is functionally responsible for undesirable alterations in disease pathologies, specifically cancer. It is implicated in promoting invasive and metastatic progression of many carcinomas. Due to its autocrine and paracrine activities OPN has been shown to be a crucial mediator of cellular cross talk and an influential factor in the tumor microenvironment. OPN has been implicated as a prognostic and diagnostic marker for several cancer types. It has also been explored as a possible target for treatment. In this article we hope to provide a broad perspective on the importance of OPN in the pathophysiology of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalita A Shevde
- Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States.
| | - Rajeev S Samant
- Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States.
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10
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Suppression of tumour growth by orally administered osteopontin is accompanied by alterations in tumour blood vessels. Br J Cancer 2014; 110:1269-77. [PMID: 24473400 PMCID: PMC3950862 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The integrin-binding protein osteopontin is strongly associated with tumour development, yet is an abundant dietary component as a constituent of human and bovine milk. Therefore, we tested the effect of orally administered osteopontin (o-OPN) on the development of subcutaneous tumours in mice. Methods: Bovine milk osteopontin was administered in drinking water to tumour-bearing immune-competent mice. Tumour growth, proliferation, necrosis, apoptosis and blood vessel size and number were measured. Expression of the α9 integrin was determined. Results: o-OPN suppressed tumour growth, increased the extent of necrosis, and induced formation of abnormally large blood vessels. Anti-OPN reactivity detected in the plasma of OPN-null mice fed OPN suggested that tumour-blocking peptides were absorbed during digestion, but the o-OPN effect was likely distinct from that of an RGD peptide. Expression of the α9 integrin was detected on both tumour cells and blood vessels. Potential active peptides from the α9 binding site of OPN were identified by mass spectrometry following in vitro digestion, and injection of these peptides suppressed tumour growth. Conclusions: These results suggest that peptides derived from o-OPN are absorbed and interfere with tumour growth and normal vessel development. o-OPN-derived peptides that target the α9 integrin are likely involved.
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Avirović M, Matušan-Ilijaš K, Damante G, Fabrro D, Cerović R, Juretić M, Grahovac B, Jonjić N, Lučin K. Osteopontin expression is an independent factor for poor survival in oral squamous cell carcinoma: a computer-assisted analysis on TMA sections. J Oral Pathol Med 2013; 42:620-6. [PMID: 23438150 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Osteopontin (OPN) is non-collagenous extracellular matrix protein involved in various physiological and pathological events, including tumor progression. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of OPN in normal oral mucosa and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and to assess its prognostic significance. METHODS The expression of OPN was immunohistochemicaly analyzed in 86 OSCC and compared with clinicopathological variable such as tumor size, nodal stage, WHO clinical stage, Ki-67 proliferation index, and patients' outcome. OPN mRNA was analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR and compared with protein OPN expression and clinical outcome in 18 OSCC samples. RESULTS The expression of OPN protein was found in OSCC tumor cells (t-OPN) and various stromal cells (s-OPN). High level of t-OPN expression was associated with higher nodal stage (P = 0.045), higher WHO clinical stage (P = 0.033), and poor clinical outcome (P = 0.022). In multivariate analysis, t-OPN emerged as an adverse independent factor for survival (P = 0.049). Although correlated with t-OPN (P = 0.005), s-OPN was not significantly associated with clinical parameters, including patients' outcome. Also, there was no association between OPN and clinical parameters at the mRNA level. CONCLUSION OPN is upregulated in tumor and stromal OSCC cells. Tumor cell-derived OPN is involved in tumor progression and can independently predict the clinical outcome. Stromal-derived OPN probably has a different function compared with OPN secreted from tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Avirović
- Department of Pathology, Rijeka University School of Medicine, Rijeka, Croatia
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