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Jiang X, Xu Z, Jiang S, Wang H, Xiao M, Shi Y, Wang K. PDZ and LIM Domain-Encoding Genes: Their Role in Cancer Development. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5042. [PMID: 37894409 PMCID: PMC10605254 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15205042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PDZ-LIM family proteins (PDLIMs) are a kind of scaffolding proteins that contain PDZ and LIM interaction domains. As protein-protein interacting molecules, PDZ and LIM domains function as scaffolds to bind to a variety of proteins. The PDLIMs are composed of evolutionarily conserved proteins found throughout different species. They can participate in cell signal transduction by mediating the interaction of signal molecules. They are involved in many important physiological processes, such as cell differentiation, proliferation, migration, and the maintenance of cellular structural integrity. Studies have shown that dysregulation of the PDLIMs leads to tumor formation and development. In this paper, we review and integrate the current knowledge on PDLIMs. The structure and function of the PDZ and LIM structural domains and the role of the PDLIMs in tumor development are described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yueli Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu 322000, China; (X.J.); (Z.X.); (S.J.); (H.W.); (M.X.)
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu 322000, China; (X.J.); (Z.X.); (S.J.); (H.W.); (M.X.)
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Yu F, Liu G, Zhang H, Wang X, Wu Z, Xu Q, Wu Y, Chen D. Cell Adhesion Molecule CD99 in Cancer Immunotherapy. Curr Mol Med 2023; 23:1028-1036. [PMID: 36214301 DOI: 10.2174/1566524023666221007143513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The CD99 antigen is a transmembrane protein expressed in a broad variety of tissues, particularly in hematopoietic cells, thymus, endothelial cells, etc. It participates in several crucial biological processes, including cell adhesion, migration, death, differentiation, and inflammation. CD99 has shown oncogenic or tumor suppressor roles in different types of cancer. Therefore, it has been used as a biomarker and therapeutic target for several types of cancer. Moreover, it has also been reported to be involved in several critical immune processes, such as T cell activation and differentiation, dendritic cell differentiation, and so on. Hence, CD99 may have potential values in cancer immunotherapy. Anti-CD99 antibodies have shown therapeutic effects on certain types of cancer, especially on Ewing sarcoma and T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). This review summarizes the recent progress of CD99 in cancer research and targeting therapies, especially in cancer immunotherapy, which may help researchers understand the crucial roles of CD99 in cancer development and design new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Guodong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Suqian First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suqian 223812, China
| | - Hailing Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Suqian First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suqian 223812, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Suqian First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suqian 223812, China
| | - Zhi Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou 22530, China
| | - Qinggang Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yan Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Dongfeng Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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Su C, Ren X, Yang F, Li B, Wu H, Li H, Nie F. Ultrasound-sensitive siRNA-loaded nanobubbles fabrication and antagonism in drug resistance for NSCLC. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:99-110. [PMID: 34964410 PMCID: PMC8725955 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.2021321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the lack of safe, effective, and gene-targeted delivery technology. In this study, we have prepared nanobubbles loaded PDLIM5 siRNA (PDLIM5siRNA-NBs) to investigate the transfection efficiency and their antagonism in drug resistance in combination with ultrasound irradiation for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Research results show that the PDLIM5 siRNA are effectively bound to the shell of NBs with a mean diameter of 191.6 ± 0.50 nm and a Zeta potential of 11.8 ± 0.68 mV. And the ultrasonic imaging indicated that the PDLIM5 siRNA NBs maintain the same signals as the microbubbles (SonoVue). Under the optimized conditions of 0.5 W/m2 ultrasound intensity and 1 min irradiation duration, the highest transfection efficiency of PC9GR cells was 90.23 ± 1.45%, which resulted in the inhibition of PDLIM5 mRNA and protein expression. More importantly, the anti-tumor effect of fabricated PDLIM5siRNA-NBs with the help of ultrasound irradiation has been demonstrated to significantly inhibit tumor cell growth and promote apoptosis. Therefore, NBs carrying PDLIM5siRNA may have the potential to act as gene vectors combined with ultrasound irradiation to antagonize drug resistance for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhong Su
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Pain, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - XiaoJun Ren
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fang Nie
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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Wong KY, Cheung AH, Chen B, Chan WN, Yu J, Lo KW, Kang W, To KF. Cancer-associated fibroblasts in nonsmall cell lung cancer: From molecular mechanisms to clinical implications. Int J Cancer 2022; 151:1195-1215. [PMID: 35603909 PMCID: PMC9545594 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the common and leading cause of cancer death worldwide. The tumor microenvironment has been recognized to be instrumental in tumorigenesis. To have a deep understanding of the molecular mechanism of nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have gained increasing research interests. CAFs belong to the crucial and dominant cell population in the tumor microenvironment to support the cancer cells. The interplay and partnership between cancer cells and CAFs contribute to each stage of tumorigenesis. CAFs exhibit prominent heterogeneity and secrete different kinds of cytokines and chemokines, growth factors and extracellular matrix proteins involved in cancer cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis and chemoresistance. Many studies focused on the protumorigenic functions of CAFs, yet many challenges about the heterogeneity of CAFS remain unresolved. This review comprehensively summarized the tumor-promoting role and molecular mechanisms of CAFs in NSCLC, including their origin, phenotypic changes and heterogeneity and their functional roles in carcinogenesis. Meanwhile, we also highlighted the updated molecular classifications based on the molecular features and functional roles of CAFs. With the development of cutting-edge platforms and further investigations of CAFs, novel therapeutic strategies for accurately targeting CAFs in NSCLC may be developed based on the increased understanding of the relevant molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kit Yee Wong
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational OncologyPrince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina
- Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina
| | - Alvin Ho‐Kwan Cheung
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational OncologyPrince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina
- Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina
| | - Bonan Chen
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational OncologyPrince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina
- Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina
| | - Wai Nok Chan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational OncologyPrince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina
- Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina
- Department of Medicine and TherapeuticsThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina
| | - Kwok Wai Lo
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational OncologyPrince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina
- Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina
| | - Wei Kang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational OncologyPrince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina
- Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina
| | - Ka Fai To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational OncologyPrince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina
- Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina
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Kaczmarczyk JA, Roberts RR, Luke BT, Chan KC, Van Wagoner CM, Felder RA, Saul RG, Simona C, Blonder J. Comparative microsomal proteomics of a model lung cancer cell line NCI-H23 reveals distinct differences between molecular profiles of 3D and 2D cultured cells. Oncotarget 2021; 12:2022-2038. [PMID: 34611477 PMCID: PMC8487723 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the USA and worldwide. Yet, about 95% of new drug candidates validated in preclinical phase eventually fail in clinical trials. Such a high attrition rate is attributed mostly to the inability of conventional two-dimensionally (2D) cultured cancer cells to mimic native three-dimensional (3D) growth of malignant cells in human tumors. To ascertain phenotypical differences between these two distinct culture conditions, we carried out a comparative proteomic analysis of a membrane fraction obtained from 3D- and 2D-cultured NSCLC model cell line NCI-H23. This analysis revealed a map of 1,166 (24%) protein species regulated in culture dependent manner, including differential regulation of a subset of cell surface-based CD molecules. We confirmed exclusive expression of CD99, CD146 and CD239 in 3D culture. Furthermore, label-free quantitation, targeting KRas proteoform-specific peptides, revealed upregulation of both wild type and monoallelic KRas4BG12C mutant at the surface of 3D cultured cells. In order to reduce the high attrition rate of new drug candidates, the results of this study strongly suggests exploiting base-line molecular profiling of a large number of patient-derived NSCLC cell lines grown in 2D and 3D culture, prior to actual drug candidate testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan A. Kaczmarczyk
- Antibody Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Rhonda R. Roberts
- Antibody Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Brian T. Luke
- Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - King C. Chan
- Protein Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
- Current address: The Center for Cell Clearance, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Carly M. Van Wagoner
- Protein Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
- Current address: The Center for Cell Clearance, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Robin A. Felder
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Richard G. Saul
- Antibody Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Colantonio Simona
- Antibody Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Josip Blonder
- Antibody Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
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Inactivation of EMILIN-1 by Proteolysis and Secretion in Small Extracellular Vesicles Favors Melanoma Progression and Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147406. [PMID: 34299025 PMCID: PMC8303474 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated that melanoma-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are involved in lymph node metastasis; however, the molecular mechanisms involved are not completely defined. Here, we found that EMILIN-1 is proteolyzed and secreted in small EVs (sEVs) as a novel mechanism to reduce its intracellular levels favoring metastasis in mouse melanoma lymph node metastatic cells. Interestingly, we observed that EMILIN-1 has intrinsic tumor and metastasis suppressive-like properties reducing effective migration, cell viability, primary tumor growth, and metastasis. Overall, our analysis suggests that the inactivation of EMILIN-1 by proteolysis and secretion in sEVs reduce its intrinsic tumor suppressive activities in melanoma favoring tumor progression and metastasis.
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Huang X, Qu R, Peng Y, Yang Y, Fan T, Sun B, Khan AU, Wu S, Wei K, Xu C, Dai J, Ouyang J, Zhong S. Mechanical Sensing Element PDLIM5 Promotes Osteogenesis of Human Fibroblasts by Affecting the Activity of Microfilaments. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11050759. [PMID: 34069539 PMCID: PMC8161207 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human skin fibroblasts (HSFs) approximate the multidirectional differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells, so they are often used in differentiation, cell cultures, and injury repair. They are an important seed source in the field of bone tissue engineering. However, there are a few studies describing the mechanism of osteogenic differentiation of HSFs. Here, osteogenic induction medium was used to induce fibroblasts to differentiate into osteoblasts, and the role of the mechanical sensitive element PDLIM5 in microfilament-mediated osteogenic differentiation of human fibroblasts was evaluated. The depolymerization of microfilaments inhibited the expression of osteogenesis-related proteins and alkaline phosphatase activity of HSFs, while the polymerization of microfilaments enhanced the osteogenic differentiation of HSFs. The evaluation of potential protein molecules affecting changes in microfilaments showed that during the osteogenic differentiation of HSFs, the expression of PDLIM5 increased with increasing induction time, and decreased under the state of microfilament depolymerization. Lentivirus-mediated PDLIM5 knockdown by shRNA weakened the osteogenic differentiation ability of HSFs and inhibited the expression and morphological changes of microfilament protein. The inhibitory effect of knocking down PDLIM5 on HSF osteogenic differentiation was reversed by a microfilament stabilizer. Taken together, these data suggest that PDLIM5 can mediate the osteogenic differentiation of fibroblasts by affecting the formation and polymerization of microfilaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics & Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (X.H.); (R.Q.); (Y.P.); (Y.Y.); (T.F.); (B.S.); (A.U.K.); (S.W.)
| | - Rongmei Qu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics & Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (X.H.); (R.Q.); (Y.P.); (Y.Y.); (T.F.); (B.S.); (A.U.K.); (S.W.)
| | - Yan Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics & Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (X.H.); (R.Q.); (Y.P.); (Y.Y.); (T.F.); (B.S.); (A.U.K.); (S.W.)
| | - Yuchao Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics & Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (X.H.); (R.Q.); (Y.P.); (Y.Y.); (T.F.); (B.S.); (A.U.K.); (S.W.)
| | - Tingyu Fan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics & Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (X.H.); (R.Q.); (Y.P.); (Y.Y.); (T.F.); (B.S.); (A.U.K.); (S.W.)
| | - Bing Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics & Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (X.H.); (R.Q.); (Y.P.); (Y.Y.); (T.F.); (B.S.); (A.U.K.); (S.W.)
| | - Asmat Ullah Khan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics & Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (X.H.); (R.Q.); (Y.P.); (Y.Y.); (T.F.); (B.S.); (A.U.K.); (S.W.)
| | - Shutong Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics & Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (X.H.); (R.Q.); (Y.P.); (Y.Y.); (T.F.); (B.S.); (A.U.K.); (S.W.)
| | - Kuanhai Wei
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regeneration Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China;
| | - Chujiang Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, TCM-Integrated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China;
| | - Jingxing Dai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics & Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (X.H.); (R.Q.); (Y.P.); (Y.Y.); (T.F.); (B.S.); (A.U.K.); (S.W.)
- Correspondence: (J.D.); (J.O.); (S.Z.); Tel.: +86-(20)-6164-8842 (J.D.); +86-(20)-6164-8199 (J.O.); +86-(20)-6164-8200 (S.Z.)
| | - Jun Ouyang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics & Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (X.H.); (R.Q.); (Y.P.); (Y.Y.); (T.F.); (B.S.); (A.U.K.); (S.W.)
- Correspondence: (J.D.); (J.O.); (S.Z.); Tel.: +86-(20)-6164-8842 (J.D.); +86-(20)-6164-8199 (J.O.); +86-(20)-6164-8200 (S.Z.)
| | - Shizhen Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics & Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (X.H.); (R.Q.); (Y.P.); (Y.Y.); (T.F.); (B.S.); (A.U.K.); (S.W.)
- Correspondence: (J.D.); (J.O.); (S.Z.); Tel.: +86-(20)-6164-8842 (J.D.); +86-(20)-6164-8199 (J.O.); +86-(20)-6164-8200 (S.Z.)
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Chen C, Hou J, Yu S, Li W, Wang X, Sun H, Qin T, Claret FX, Guo H, Liu Z. Role of cancer-associated fibroblasts in the resistance to antitumor therapy, and their potential therapeutic mechanisms in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:413. [PMID: 33841574 PMCID: PMC8020389 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a malignant tumor with high morbidity and mortality rates, which seriously endangers human health. Although treatment methods continue to evolve, the emergence of drug resistance is inevitable and seriously hinders the treatment of NSCLC. The tumor microenvironment (TME) protects tumor cells from the effects of chemotherapeutic drugs, which can lead to drug resistance. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are an important component of the TME, and various studies have demonstrated that CAFs play a crucial role in drug resistance in NSCLC. However, the drug resistance mechanism of CAFs and whether CAFs can be used as a target to reverse the resistance of tumor cells remain unclear. The present review discusses this issue and describes the heterogeneity of CAF markers, as well as their origins and resident organs, and the role and mechanism of this heterogeneity in NSCLC progression. Furthermore, the mechanism of CAF-mediated NSCLC resistance to chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy is introduced, and strategies to reverse this resistance are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Chen
- School of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, P.R. China
| | - Jia Hou
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Sizhe Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Wenyuan Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Tianjie Qin
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Francois X. Claret
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston TX77030, USA
| | - Hui Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyan Liu
- School of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, P.R. China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xi'an No. 3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710018, P.R. China
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Kreus M, Lehtonen S, Skarp S, Kaarteenaho R. Extracellular matrix proteins produced by stromal cells in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and lung adenocarcinoma. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250109. [PMID: 33905434 PMCID: PMC8078755 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and lung cancer share common risk factors, epigenetic and genetic alterations, the activation of similar signaling pathways and poor survival. The aim of this study was to examine the gene expression profiles of stromal cells from patients with IPF and lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) as well as from normal lung. The gene expression levels of cultured stromal cells derived from non-smoking patients with ADC from the tumor (n = 4) and the corresponding normal lung (n = 4) as well as from patients with IPF (n = 4) were investigated with Affymetrix microarrays. The expression of collagen type IV alpha 1 chain, periostin as well as matrix metalloproteinase-1 and -3 in stromal cells and lung tissues were examined with quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Twenty genes were similarly up- or down-regulated in IPF and ADC compared to control, while most of the altered genes in IPF and ADC were differently expressed, including several extracellular matrix genes. Collagen type IV alpha 1 chain as well as matrix metalloproteinases-1 and -3 were differentially expressed in IPF compared to ADC. Periostin was up-regulated in both IPF and ADC in comparison to control. All studied factors were localized by immunohistochemistry in stromal cells within fibroblast foci in IPF and stroma of ADC. Despite the similarities found in gene expressions of IPF and ADC, several differences were also detected, suggesting that the molecular changes occurring in these two lung illnesses are somewhat different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mervi Kreus
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- * E-mail:
| | - Siri Lehtonen
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sini Skarp
- Northern Finland Birth Cohorts, Infrastructure for Population Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Riitta Kaarteenaho
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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PDLIM5 Affects Chicken Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cell Proliferation and Differentiation via the p38-MAPK Pathway. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11041016. [PMID: 33916517 PMCID: PMC8065989 DOI: 10.3390/ani11041016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary PDZ and LIM domain 5 (PDLIM5) can increase C2C12 cell differentiation; however, the role of PDLIM5 in chicken skeletal muscle satellite cells (SMSCs) is unclear. In this study, the effect of PDLIM5 was verified on SMSCs in vitro, and then the molecular mechanism was determined by transcriptome sequencing. We demonstrated that PDLIM5 can positively affect chicken SMSC proliferation and differentiation via the p38-MAPK (mitogen activated kinase-like protein) pathway. These results indicate that PDLIM5 may be involved in chicken skeletal muscle growth and development. Abstract Skeletal muscle satellite cell growth and development is a complicated process driven by multiple genes. The PDZ and LIM domain 5 (PDLIM5) gene has been proven to function in C2C12 myoblast differentiation and is involved in the regulation of skeletal muscle development. The role of PDLIM5 in chicken skeletal muscle satellite cells, however, is unclear. In this study, in order to determine whether the PDLIM5 gene has a function in chicken skeletal muscle satellite cells, we examined the changes in proliferation and differentiation of chicken skeletal muscle satellite cells (SMSCs) after interfering and overexpressing PDLIM5 in cells. In addition, the molecular pathways of the PDLIM5 gene regulating SMSC proliferation and differentiation were analyzed by transcriptome sequencing. Our results show that PDLIM5 can promote the proliferation and differentiation of SMSCs; furthermore, through transcriptome sequencing, it can be found that the differential genes are enriched in the MAPK signaling pathway after knocking down PDLIM5. Finally, it was verified that PDLIM5 played an active role in the proliferation and differentiation of chicken SMSCs by activating the p38-MAPK signaling pathway. These results indicate that PDLIM5 may be involved in the growth and development of chicken skeletal muscle.
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Moreno-Ruiz P, Corvigno S, Te Grootenhuis NC, La Fleur L, Backman M, Strell C, Mezheyeuski A, Hoelzlwimmer G, Klein C, Botling J, Micke P, Östman A. Stromal FAP is an independent poor prognosis marker in non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma and associated with p53 mutation. Lung Cancer 2021; 155:10-19. [PMID: 33706022 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2021.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Fibroblasts regulate tumor growth and immune surveillance. Here, we study FAP, PDGFβR and α-SMA fibroblast markers in a well-annotated clinical cohort of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) for analyses of associations with immune cell infiltration, mutation status and survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS A well-annotated NSCLC cohort was subjected to IHC analyses of stromal expression of FAP, PDGFβR and α-SMA and of stromal CD8 density. Fibroblast markers-related measurements were analyzed with regard to potential associations with CD8 density, cancer genetic driver mutations, survival and PD-L1 expression in the whole NSCLC cohort and in subsets of patients. RESULTS High stromal FAP expression was identified as an independent poor prognostic marker in the whole study population (HR 1.481; 95 % CI, 1.012-2.167, p = 0.023) and in the histological subset of adenocarcinoma (HR 1.720; 95 % CI, 1.126-2.627, p = 0.012). Among patients with adenocarcinoma, a particularly strong association of FAP with poor survival was detected in patients with low stromal CD8 infiltration, and in other subpopulations identified by specific clinical characteristics; elderly patients, females, non-smokers and patients with normal ECOG performance status. α-SMA expression was negatively associated with CD8 infiltration in non-smokers, but none of the fibroblast markers expression was associated with CD8 density in the whole study population. Significant associations were detected between presence of p53 mutations and high α-SMA (p = 0.003) and FAP expression (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The study identifies FAP intensity as a candidate independent NSCLC prognostic biomarker. The study also suggests continued analyses of the relationships between genetic driver mutations and the composition of tumor stroma, as well as continued probing of marker-defined fibroblasts as NSCLC subset-specific modifiers of immune surveillance and outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Moreno-Ruiz
- Karolinska Institutet, Cancer Center Karolinska, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Corvigno
- Karolinska Institutet, Cancer Center Karolinska, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Stockholm, Sweden; Uppsala University, Genetics and Pathology, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nienke C Te Grootenhuis
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Linnéa La Fleur
- Uppsala University, Genetics and Pathology, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Max Backman
- Uppsala University, Genetics and Pathology, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carina Strell
- Karolinska Institutet, Cancer Center Karolinska, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Artur Mezheyeuski
- Karolinska Institutet, Cancer Center Karolinska, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Stockholm, Sweden; Uppsala University, Genetics and Pathology, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | - Johan Botling
- Uppsala University, Genetics and Pathology, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Patrick Micke
- Uppsala University, Genetics and Pathology, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Arne Östman
- Karolinska Institutet, Cancer Center Karolinska, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Stockholm, Sweden.
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12
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Ragunathan K, Upfold NLE, Oksenych V. Interaction between Fibroblasts and Immune Cells Following DNA Damage Induced by Ionizing Radiation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228635. [PMID: 33207781 PMCID: PMC7696681 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) form the basis of tumor microenvironment and possess immunomodulatory functions by interacting with other cells surrounding tumor, including T lymphocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells and natural killer cells. Ionizing radiation is a broadly-used method in radiotherapy to target tumors. In mammalian cells, ionizing radiation induces various types of DNA damages and DNA damage response. Being unspecific, radiotherapy affects all the cells in tumor microenvironment, including the tumor itself, CAFs and immune cells. CAFs are extremely radio-resistant and do not initiate apoptosis even at high doses of radiation. However, following radiation, CAFs become senescent and produce a distinct combination of immunoregulatory molecules. Radiosensitivity of immune cells varies depending on the cell type due to inefficient DNA repair in, for example, monocytes and granulocytes. In this minireview, we are summarizing recent findings on the interaction between CAF, ionizing radiation and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalaiyarasi Ragunathan
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7028 Trondheim, Norway; (K.R.); (N.L.E.U.)
| | - Nikki Lyn Esnardo Upfold
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7028 Trondheim, Norway; (K.R.); (N.L.E.U.)
| | - Valentyn Oksenych
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7028 Trondheim, Norway; (K.R.); (N.L.E.U.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition (BioNuT), Karolinska Institutet, 14183 Huddinge, Sweden
- KG Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway
- Correspondence:
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13
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Huang X, Qu R, Ouyang J, Zhong S, Dai J. An Overview of the Cytoskeleton-Associated Role of PDLIM5. Front Physiol 2020; 11:975. [PMID: 32848888 PMCID: PMC7426503 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine represented by stem cell technology has become one of the pillar medical technologies for human disease treatment. Cytoskeleton plays important roles in maintaining cell morphology, bearing external forces, and maintaining the effectiveness of cell internal structure, among which cytoskeleton related proteins are involved in and play an indispensable role in the changes of cytoskeleton. PDLIM5 is a cytoskeleton-related protein that, like other cytoskeletal proteins, acts as a binding protein. PDZ and LIM domain 5 (PDLIM5), also known as ENH (Enigma homolog), is a cytoplasmic protein with a molecular mass of about 63 KDa that consists of a PDZ domain at the N-terminus and three LIM domains at the C-terminus. PDLIM5 binds to the cytoskeleton and membrane proteins through its PDZ domain and interacts with various signaling molecules, including protein kinases and transcription factors, through its LIM domain. As a cytoskeleton-related protein, PDLIM5 plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation and cell fate decision in multiple tissues and cell types. In this review, we briefly summarize the state of knowledge on the PDLIM5 gene, structural properties, and molecular functional mechanisms of the PDLIM5 protein, and its role in cells, tissues, and organ systems, and describe the possible underlying molecular signaling pathways. In the last part of this review, we will focus on discussing the limitations of existing research and the future prospects of PDLIM5 research in turn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongmei Qu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Ouyang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shizhen Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingxing Dai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Oleynikova NA, Danilova NV, Mikhailov IA, Semina EV, Malkov PG. [Cancer-associated fibroblasts and their significance in tumor progression]. Arkh Patol 2020; 82:68-77. [PMID: 32096494 DOI: 10.17116/patol20208201168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Carcinogenesis and tumor progression are not caused not only by malignant epithelial cells, but also by the tumor stroma around cancer stem cells which performs regulatory, nutritional and 'framework' functions. It is represented by mesenchymal cells of various types predominantly by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF). αSMA, FAP-1, desmin, podoplanin, neuron-glial antigen 2 (NG2), PDGFR-α and -β are used for CAF identification but there is no universal markers due to the plasticity of the cell population that underlies the subpopulation division CAF. CAF subpopulations are not described for many tumor types. Recently, evidence has accumulated that CAFs mediate many adverse processes in the tumor, including can support stromal inflammation and cause fibrosis. By forming a niche in cancer stem cells, CAFs mediate chemoresistance and the appearance of dormant metastases. The study of the role of CAF will allow not only to form a fundamentally new understanding of the mechanisms of carcinogenesis, but also to create new diagnostic and therapeutic targets for treating tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - N V Danilova
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - I A Mikhailov
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - E V Semina
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - P G Malkov
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
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15
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Liu X, Zhang H, Zhang B, Zhang X. Expression and Role of MicroRNA-663b in Childhood Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia and its Mechanism. Open Med (Wars) 2019; 14:863-871. [PMID: 31844676 PMCID: PMC6884921 DOI: 10.1515/med-2019-0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) play a key role in various malignant tumors. MiR-663b has been found to have important roles in several cancers, however, the role of miR-663b in T cell acute lymphocytic leukemia (T-ALL) remains unclear. Therefore, we speculated that miR-663b might also play a crucial role in the development and process of T-ALL. In the present study, we found that miR-663b was up-regulated in the blood of children with T-ALL and T-ALL cell lines. TargetScan and dual luciferase reporter assay results showed that CD99 was a direct target of miR-663b. In order to further study the biological function of miR-663b in the development of T-ALL and to clarify its potential molecular mechanism, we detected the changes in proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion of T-ALL cell line Jurkat before and after miR-663b inhibitor transfection. We found that miR-663b inhibitor inhibited Jurkat cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. In addition, miR-663b inhibitor repressed Jurkat cell migration and invasion. All these effects of miR-663b inhibitor on Jurkat cells were eliminated by CD99-silencing. These results have provided a new theoretical basis and strategy for the diagnosis and treatment of T-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehua Liu
- Pediatric blood and endocrine metabolism nursing platform, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Haixia Zhang
- Pediatric blood and endocrine metabolism nursing platform, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Baorong Zhang
- PICU nursing platform, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Department of neurotrauma surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, China
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16
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Teramoto K, Igarashi T, Kataoka Y, Ishida M, Hanaoka J, Sumimoto H, Daigo Y. Clinical significance of PD-L1-positive cancer-associated fibroblasts in pN0M0 non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2019; 137:56-63. [PMID: 31546072 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2019.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a dominant cell type in tumor stroma and support the generation of pro-tumorigenic microenvironment. CAFs have frequent opportunities to interact with immune cells infiltrating the tumor stroma, but the process remains to be determined. In this study, we focused on immune checkpoint mechanism. We also examined the induction of programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) on CAFs by immune cell, and the clinical significance of PD-L1-expressed CAFs in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). MATERIALS AND METHODS CAFs were isolated from human NSCLC tissues, and PD-L1 expression levels in CAFs were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction and flow-cytometry. Following immunohistochemical analysis of PD-L1 in surgically resected pN0M0 NSCLC (n = 125, including 88 invasive adenocarcinomas and 37 squamous cell carcinomas), the correlation of PD-L1-positive CAFs with clinicopathological features was investigated. RESULTS PD-L1 mRNA and protein expression on CAFs was upregulated by exogenously supplemented interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and downregulated through the depletion of IFN-γ. PD-L1 expression on CAFs was upregulated by co-culture with activated lymphocytes releasing IFN-γ. Immunohistochemistry revealed that PD-L1-positive CAFs were observed in 31 cases (24.8%). Postoperative relapse-free survival was significantly prolonged in patients with PD-L1-positive CAFs as compared with those with PD-L1-negative CAFs, with 5-year relapse-free probabilities of 84.5% and 66.3%, respectively (P = 0.031). Multivariate analysis revealed that PD-L1 expression on CAFs was an independent prognostic factor of longer relapse-free survival after surgery (hazard ratio: 3.225, P = 0.027). CONCLUSION PD-L1 expression on CAFs is reversibly regulated by environmental stimuli including IFN-γ from activated lymphocytes. In the non-metastatic NSCLC, PD-L1 expression on CAFs suggests the induction of anti-tumor immune responses, contributing to better prognosis after surgery.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma of Lung/drug therapy
- Adenocarcinoma of Lung/immunology
- Adenocarcinoma of Lung/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma of Lung/pathology
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antiviral Agents/pharmacology
- B7-H1 Antigen/immunology
- B7-H1 Antigen/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts/drug effects
- Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts/immunology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/immunology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/immunology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Humans
- Interferon-gamma/pharmacology
- Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/immunology
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/drug effects
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Grading
- Neoplasm Staging
- Survival Rate
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Tumor Microenvironment/drug effects
- Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Teramoto
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan; Center for Advanced Medicine against Cancer, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan; Center for Antibody and Vaccine Therapy, Research Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
| | - Tomoyuki Igarashi
- Department of Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Yoko Kataoka
- Department of Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Ishida
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Jun Hanaoka
- Department of Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Sumimoto
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan; Center for Advanced Medicine against Cancer, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Yataro Daigo
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan; Center for Advanced Medicine against Cancer, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan; Center for Antibody and Vaccine Therapy, Research Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
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17
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Aoki M, Koga K, Miyazaki M, Hamasaki M, Koshikawa N, Oyama M, Kozuka-Hata H, Seiki M, Toole BP, Nabeshima K. CD73 complexes with emmprin to regulate MMP-2 production from co-cultured sarcoma cells and fibroblasts. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:912. [PMID: 31510956 PMCID: PMC6739984 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6127-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interaction between cancer cells and fibroblasts mediated by extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (emmprin, CD147) is important in the invasion and proliferation of cancer cells. However, the exact mechanism of emmprin mediated stimulation of matrix metalloprotease-2 (MMP-2) production from fibroblasts has not been elucidated. Our previous studies using an inhibitory peptide against emmprin suggested the presence of a molecule on the cell membrane which forms a complex with emmprin. Here we show that CD73 expressed on fibroblasts interacts with emmprin and is a required factor for MMP-2 production in co-cultures of sarcoma cells with fibroblasts. Methods CD73 along with CD99 was identified by mass spectrometry analysis as an emmprin interacting molecule from a co-culture of cancer cells (epithelioid sarcoma cell line FU-EPS-1) and fibroblasts (immortalized fibroblasts cell line ST353i). MMP-2 production was measured by immunoblot and ELISA. The formation of complexes of CD73 with emmprin was confirmed by immunoprecipitation, and their co-localization in tumor cells and fibroblasts was shown by fluorescent immunostaining and proximity ligation assays. Results Stimulated MMP-2 production in co-culture of cancer cells and fibroblasts was completely suppressed by siRNA knockdown of CD73, but not by CD99 knockdown. MMP-2 production was not suppressed by CD73-specific enzyme inhibitor (APCP). However, MMP-2 production was decreased by CD73 neutralizing antibodies, suggesting that CD73-mediated suppression of MMP-2 production is non-enzymatic. In human epithelioid sarcoma tissues, emmprin was immunohistochemically detected to be mainly expressed in tumor cells, and CD73 was expressed in fibroblasts and tumor cells: emmprin and CD73 were co-localized predominantly on tumor cells. Conclusion This study provides a novel insight into the role of CD73 in emmprin-mediated regulation of MMP-2 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Aoki
- Department of Pathology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - K Koga
- Department of Pathology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - M Miyazaki
- Department of Pathology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - M Hamasaki
- Department of Pathology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - N Koshikawa
- Division of Cancer Cell Research, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama, Japan.,Division of Cancer Cell Research, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Oyama
- Medical Proteomics Laboratory, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Kozuka-Hata
- Medical Proteomics Laboratory, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Seiki
- Division of Cancer Cell Research, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - B P Toole
- Regenerative Medicine & Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA
| | - K Nabeshima
- Department of Pathology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.
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18
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Kilvaer TK, Rakaee M, Hellevik T, Vik J, Petris LD, Donnem T, Strell C, Ostman A, Busund LTR, Martinez-Zubiaurre I. Differential prognostic impact of platelet-derived growth factor receptor expression in NSCLC. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10163. [PMID: 31308421 PMCID: PMC6629689 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46510-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical evidence suggests that stromal expression of platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGFRs) stimulates tumor development and diminishes intratumoral drug uptake. In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the clinical relevance of stromal PDGFR expression remains uncertain. Tumor specimens from 553 patients with primary operable stage I-IIIB NSCLC was obtained and tissue micro-arrays (TMA) were constructed (Norwegian cohort). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to evaluate the expression of PDGFRα and -β in stromal cells and to explore their impact on patient survival. Results were validated in a non-related cohort consisting of TMAs of 367 stage I (A and B) NSCLC patients (Swedish cohort). High stromal PDGFRα expression was an independent predictor of increased survival in the overall populations and SCC (squamous cell carcinoma) subgroups of both investigated cohorts. PDGFRβ was an independent predictor of poor survival in the overall Norwegian cohort and an independent predictor of increased survival in the ADC (adenocarcinoma) subgroup of the Swedish cohort. Tumors displaying the combination PDGFRα-low/PDGFRβ-high exhibited inferior survival according to increasing stage in the Norwegian cohort. This study confirms that high stromal expression of PDGFRα is a predictor of increased survival in NSCLC. Further exploration of the prognostic impact of PDGFRβ and the relationship between PDGFRα and -β is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Karsten Kilvaer
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso, Norway. .,Institute of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway.
| | - Mehrdad Rakaee
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway.,Institute of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - Turid Hellevik
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - Jørg Vik
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - Luigi De Petris
- Department of Oncology-Pathology Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tom Donnem
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - Carina Strell
- Department of Oncology-Pathology Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arne Ostman
- Department of Oncology-Pathology Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lill-Tove Rasmussen Busund
- Institute of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway.,Department of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso, Norway
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19
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Qi Y, Lv J, Liu S, Sun L, Wang Y, Li H, Qi W, Qiu W. TSPAN9 and EMILIN1 synergistically inhibit the migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells by increasing TSPAN9 expression. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:630. [PMID: 31242895 PMCID: PMC6595627 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5810-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, the incidence and mortality rates of gastric cancer are high, and its poor prognosis is closely related to tumor recurrence and metastasis. Therefore, the molecular mechanisms associated with the migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells are important for gastric cancer treatment. Previously, TSPAN9 has been reported to inhibit gastric cancer cell migration; however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. METHODS Human gastric adenocarcinoma cell lines, SGC7901 and AGS, were cultured in vitro. TSPAN9 expression was determined by RT-PCR, western blot analysis, and immunohistochemistry in gastric cancer and tumor-adjacent tissues. Following the over-expression and knockdown of TSPAN9, wound healing and cell invasion assays were performed and EMT-related protein expression was evaluated to analyze the invasion and migration of gastric cancer cells. TSPAN9 expression and the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer cells were observed by the functional assays following EMILIN1 over-expression. RESULTS Inhibiting TSPAN9 expression significantly promoted the migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells. In addition, immunofluorescence co-localization and co-immunoprecipitation analysis revealed closely related expression of EMILIN1 and TSPAN9. Moreover, EMILIN1 can synergistically boost the tumor suppressive effect of TSPAN9, which may be produced by promoting TSPAN9 expression. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated that EMILIN1 induces anti-tumor effects by up-regulating TSPAN9 expression in gastric cancer. Hence, membrane proteins TSPAN9 and EMILIN1 may represent novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyue Qi
- Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Lv
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Shihai Liu
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Libin Sun
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yixuan Wang
- Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Li
- Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Weiwei Qi
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
| | - Wensheng Qiu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
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20
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Abstract
Cancers are not composed merely of cancer cells alone; instead, they are complex 'ecosystems' comprising many different cell types and noncellular factors. The tumour stroma is a critical component of the tumour microenvironment, where it has crucial roles in tumour initiation, progression, and metastasis. Most anticancer therapies target cancer cells specifically, but the tumour stroma can promote the resistance of cancer cells to such therapies, eventually resulting in fatal disease. Therefore, novel treatment strategies should combine anticancer and antistromal agents. Herein, we provide an overview of the advances in understanding the complex cancer cell-tumour stroma interactions and discuss how this knowledge can result in more effective therapeutic strategies, which might ultimately improve patient outcomes.
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21
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Diagnostic role of circulating extracellular matrix-related proteins in non-small cell lung cancer. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:899. [PMID: 30227835 PMCID: PMC6145327 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4772-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interactions between cancer cells and the surrounding microenvironment are crucial determinants of cancer progression. During this process, bi-directional communication among tumor cells and cancer associated fibroblasts (CAF) regulate extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and remodeling. As a result of this dynamic process, soluble ECM proteins can be released into the bloodstream and may represent novel circulating biomarkers useful for cancer diagnosis. The aim of the present study was to measure the levels of three circulating ECM related proteins (COL11A1, COL10A1 and SPARC) in plasma samples of lung cancer patients and in healthy heavy-smokers controls and test whether such measurements have diagnostic or prognostic value. Methods Gene expression profiling of lung fibroblasts isolated from paired normal and cancer tissue of NSCLC patients was performed by gene expression microarrays. The prioritization of the candidates for the study of circulating proteins in plasma was based on the most differentially expressed genes in cancer associated fibroblasts. Soluble ECM proteins were assessed by western blot in the conditioned medium of lung fibroblasts and by ELISA assays in plasma samples. Results Plasma samples from lung cancer patients and healthy heavy-smokers controls were tested for levels of COL11A1 and COL10A1 (n = 57 each) and SPARC (n = 90 each). Higher plasma levels of COL10A1 were detected in patients (p ≤ 0.001), a difference that was driven specifically by females (p < 0.001). No difference in COL11A1 levels between patients and controls was found. SPARC levels were also higher in plasma patients than controls (p < 0.001) with good performance in discriminating the two groups (AUC = 0.744). No significant association was observed between plasma proteins levels and clinicopathological features or survival. Conclusion Soluble factors related to proficient tumor-stroma cross-talk are detectable in plasma of primary lung cancer patients and may represent a valuable complementary diagnostic tool to discriminate lung cancer patients from healthy heavy-smokers individuals as shown for the SPARC protein. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-4772-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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22
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Gan BL, He RQ, Zhang Y, Wei DM, Hu XH, Chen G. Downregulation of HOXA3 in lung adenocarcinoma and its relevant molecular mechanism analysed by RT-qPCR, TCGA and in silico analysis. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:1557-1579. [PMID: 30066858 PMCID: PMC6086630 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated that homeobox A3 (HOXA3) functions as a carcinogen in colon cancer and the methylation level of HOXA3 is significantly increased in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) tissues. However, at least to the best of our knowledge, few studies to date have been performed on HOXA3 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Therefore, further studies on HOXA3 expression in NSCLC and the potential regulatory mechanisms are urgently required. In this study, HOXA3 expression in 55 tissues of cases of NSCLC and corresponding non-lung cancer tissues was detected by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). In addition, the clinical significance of HOXA3 expression in NSCLC was evaluated using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Bioinformatics analysis was then performed to elucidate the potential molecular mechanisms of action of HOXA3. Furthermore, the potential target microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) of HOXA3 were predicted using miRWalk2.0. Based on Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and TGCA databases, standardized mean difference (SMD) and sROC methods were used for meta-analyses of the expression of potential target miRNAs of HOXA3 in NSCLC to evaluate their association with HOXA3. The results revealed that the HOXA3 expression levels in NSCLC, LUAD and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) were 0.1130±0.1398, 0.1295±0.16890 and 0.0906±0.0846, respectively. These values were all decreased compared with the normal tissues (0.1877±0.1975, 0.2337±0.2405 and 0.1249±0.0873, respectively, P<0.05). The TCGA database also revealed the low expression trend of HOXA3. The downregulation of HOXA3 may play an important role in the progression and the poor prognosis of LUAD. The TCGA database also suggested that HOXA3 in LUAD and LUSC tissues exhibited certain mutational levels. In addition, the methylation levels in the NSCLC, LUAD and LUSC tissues significantly increased [NSCLC: fold change (FC), 1.3226; P<0.001; LUAD: FC, 1.2712; P<0.001; and LUSC: FC, 1.3786; P<0.001]. According to the analyses using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), we found that the co-expression HOXA3 genes were mainly associated with the focal adhesion signalling pathway and the ECM-receptor interaction signalling pathway. Furthermore, the predicted miRNA, miR-372-3p, exhibited a high expression in both the NSCLC and LUAD tissues (P<0.05). On the whole, the findings of this study indicate that low HOXA3 expression may play a certain role in LUAD; however, its association with LUSC still requires further investigation. HOXA3 function may be achieved through different pathways or target miRNAs. However, the specific underlying mechanisms need to be confirmed through various functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Liang Gan
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Rong-Quan He
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Dan-Ming Wei
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Hua Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
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Chen J, Wang X, Hu B, He Y, Qian X, Wang W. Candidate genes in gastric cancer identified by constructing a weighted gene co-expression network. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4692. [PMID: 29740513 PMCID: PMC5937478 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancers with high mortality globally. However, the molecular mechanisms of GC are unclear, and the prognosis of GC is poor. Therefore, it is important to explore the underlying mechanisms and screen for novel prognostic markers and treatment targets. Methods The genetic and clinical data of GC patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was analyzed by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Modules with clinical significance and preservation were distinguished, and gene ontology and pathway enrichment analysis were performed. Hub genes of these modules were validated in the TCGA dataset and another independent dataset from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database by t-test. Furthermore, the significance of these genes was confirmed via survival analysis. Results We found a preserved module consisting of 506 genes was associated with clinical traits including pathologic T stage and histologic grade. PDGFRB, COL8A1, EFEMP2, FBN1, EMILIN1, FSTL1 and KIRREL were identified as candidate genes in the module. Their expression levels were correlated with pathologic T stage and histologic grade, also affected overall survival of GC patients. Conclusion These candidate genes may be involved in proliferation and differentiation of GC cells. They may serve as novel prognostic markers and treatment targets. Moreover, most of them were first reported in GC and deserved further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- Department of Chemotherapy, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Chemotherapy, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiuwen Wang
- Department of Chemotherapy, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Bing Hu
- Department of Chemotherapy, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yifu He
- Department of Chemotherapy, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaojun Qian
- Department of Chemotherapy, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Chemotherapy, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China
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24
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PDLIM5 identified by label-free quantitative proteomics as a potential novel biomarker of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 499:338-344. [PMID: 29574154 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.03.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In order to better understand the mechanisms underlying the development of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), and to identify new potential biomarkers, high-resolution label-free mass spectrometry was performed on PTC tissues and adjacent normal thyroid tissues from six patients. In this process, 2788 proteins were identified, out of which 49 proteins presented significant differences between PTC tissues and adjacent normal thyroid tissues. Gene ontology revealed that the majority of these proteins are involved in the catalytic activity and binding. We selected three proteins with differential expressions: PDZ and LIM domain 5 (PDLIM5), PDLIM1 and ALDH1A1; Protein expressions were further verified by RT-PCR and western blot. Among these, expression of PDLIM5 and PDLIM1 was up-regulated, while that of ALDH1A1 was down-regulated in PTC tissues. Next, we confirmed their expression through quantitative dot blot (QDB) technique. We found that knockdown of PDLIM5 expression in the B-CPAP cell line could inhibit the migration, invasion and proliferation of PTC cells. In addition, PDLIM5 knockdown reduced Ras and Phospho-ERK1/2 expression. Thus, we suggested that PDLIM5 promotes PTC via activation of the Ras-ERK pathway. Our research provides new molecular insight into the function of PDLIM5, which may assist in studying the mechanism of PTC. In addition, PDLIM5 could be further explored as a potential candidate for PTC treatment.
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25
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Abstract
The cell surface molecule CD99 has gained interest because of its involvement in regulating cell differentiation and adhesion/migration of immune and tumor cells. However, the molecule plays an intriguing and dual role in different cell types. In particular, it acts as a requirement for cell malignancy or as an oncosuppressor in tumors. In addition, the gene encodes for two different isoforms, which also act in opposition inside the same cell. This review highlights key studies focusing on the dual role of CD99 and its isoforms and discusses major critical issues, challenges, and strategies for overcoming those challenges. The review specifically underscores the properties that make the molecule an attractive therapeutic target and identifies new relationships and areas of study that may be exploited. The elucidation of the spatial and temporal control of the expression of CD99 in normal and tumor cells is required to obtain a full appreciation of this molecule and its signaling.
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26
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Kilvaer TK, Rakaee M, Hellevik T, Østman A, Strell C, Bremnes RM, Busund LT, Dønnem T, Martinez-Zubiaurre I. Tissue analyses reveal a potential immune-adjuvant function of FAP-1 positive fibroblasts in non-small cell lung cancer. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192157. [PMID: 29415055 PMCID: PMC5802915 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Selective targeting of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) has been proposed to synergize with immune-checkpoint inhibitors. While the roles of CAFs in cancer development are well described, their immune-regulatory properties remain incompletely understood. This study investigates correlations between CAF and immune-markers in tumor stroma from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, and examines whether a combination of CAF and immune cell scores impact patient prognosis. Methods Tumor specimens from 536 primary operable stage I-III NSCLC patients were organized in tissue microarrays. Expression of protein-markers was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Results Fibroblast and stromal markers PDGFRα, PDGFRβ, FAP-1 and vimentin showed weak correlations while αSMA, and Masson’s trichrome did not correlate with any of the investigated markers. Hierarchical clustering indicated the existence of different CAF-subsets. No relevant correlations were found between any CAF-marker and the immune-markers CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20, CD68, CD1a, CD56, FoxP3 and CD45RO. High density of fibroblast-activation protein positive mesenchymal cells (CAFFAP) was associated with better prognosis in tumors with high infiltration of CD8 and CD3 T-lymphocytes. Conclusions The presented data suggest that CAFs, irrespective of identity, have low influence on the degree of tumor infiltration by inflammatory- and/or immune-cells. However, CAFFAP may exert immuno-adjuvant roles in NSCLC, and targeting CAFs should be cautiously considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Karsten Kilvaer
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Northern Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Artic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Mehrdad Rakaee
- Department of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Turid Hellevik
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Northern Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Arne Østman
- Department of Oncology-Pathology Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carina Strell
- Department of Oncology-Pathology Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roy M. Bremnes
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Northern Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Artic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Lill-Tove Busund
- Department of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital of Northern Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Tom Dønnem
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Northern Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Artic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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27
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Pasello M, Manara MC, Scotlandi K. CD99 at the crossroads of physiology and pathology. J Cell Commun Signal 2018; 12:55-68. [PMID: 29305692 PMCID: PMC5842202 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-017-0445-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
CD99 is a cell surface protein with unique features and only partly defined mechanisms of action. This molecule is involved in crucial biological processes, including cell adhesion, migration, death, differentiation and diapedesis, and it influences processes associated with inflammation, immune responses and cancer. CD99 is frequently overexpressed in many types of tumors, particularly pediatric tumors including Ewing sarcoma and specific subtypes of leukemia. Engagement of CD99 induces the death of malignant cells through non-conventional mechanisms. In Ewing sarcoma, triggering of CD99 by specific monoclonal antibodies activates hyperstimulation of micropinocytosis and leads to cancer cells killing through a caspase-independent, non-apoptotic pathway resembling methuosis. This process is characterized by extreme accumulation of vacuoles in the cytoplasmic space, which compromises cell viability, requires the activation of RAS-Rac1 downstream signaling and appears to be rather specific for tumor cells. In addition, anti-CD99 monoclonal antibodies exhibit antitumor activities in xenografts in the absence of immune effector cells or complement proteins. Overall, these data establish CD99 as a new opportunity to treat patients with high expression of CD99, particularly those that are resistant to canonical apoptosis-inducing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Pasello
- Experimental Oncology Lab, CRS Development of Biomolecular Therapies, Orthopaedic Rizzoli Institute, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Maria Cristina Manara
- Experimental Oncology Lab, CRS Development of Biomolecular Therapies, Orthopaedic Rizzoli Institute, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Katia Scotlandi
- Experimental Oncology Lab, CRS Development of Biomolecular Therapies, Orthopaedic Rizzoli Institute, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy.
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28
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Liu X, Chen L, Huang H, Lv JM, Chen M, Qu FJ, Pan XW, Li L, Yin L, Cui XG, Gao Y, Xu DF. High expression of PDLIM5 facilitates cell tumorigenesis and migration by maintaining AMPK activation in prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:98117-98134. [PMID: 29228678 PMCID: PMC5716718 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PDZ and LIM domain 5 (PDLIM5) is a cytoskeleton-associated protein and has been shown to bind to a variety of proteins through its specific domain, thereby acting to regulate cell migration and tumor progression. Here, we found that PDLIM5 was abnormally upregulated in prostate cancer (PCa) tissues as compared with that in normal prostate tissue. ONCOMINE microarray data mining showed that PDLIM5 was closely correlated with the prognosis of PCa in terms of Gleason score, tumor metastasis and biochemical recurrence. Lentivirus-mediated short hairpin RNA (shRNA) knockdown of PDLIM5 inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation, arrested hormone independent PCa cells DU145 and PC-3 in G2/M phase, and induced apoptosis. Meanwhile, silencing PDLIM5 inhibited migration and invasion of tumor cells by reversing the mesenchymal phenotype and a similar result was confirmed in a xenograft nude mouse model. Finally, we found PDLIM5 plays a crucial role in regulating malignant tumor cell proliferation, invasion and migration by binding to AMPK and affecting its activation and degradation, and may therefore prove to be a potential oncogenic gene in the development and progression of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Liu
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Hai Huang
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Jian-Min Lv
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Fa-Jun Qu
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Xiu-Wu Pan
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Lei Yin
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Xin-Gang Cui
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Yi Gao
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Dan-Feng Xu
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
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29
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Schliekelman MJ, Creighton CJ, Baird BN, Chen Y, Banerjee P, Bota-Rabassedas N, Ahn YH, Roybal JD, Chen F, Zhang Y, Mishra DK, Kim MP, Liu X, Mino B, Villalobos P, Rodriguez-Canales J, Behrens C, Wistuba II, Hanash SM, Kurie JM. Thy-1 + Cancer-associated Fibroblasts Adversely Impact Lung Cancer Prognosis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6478. [PMID: 28744021 PMCID: PMC5527099 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06922-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) regulate diverse intratumoral biological programs and can promote or inhibit tumorigenesis, but those CAF populations that negatively impact the clinical outcome of lung cancer patients have not been fully elucidated. Because Thy-1 (CD90) marks CAFs that promote tumor cell invasion in a murine model of KrasG12D-driven lung adenocarcinoma (KrasLA1), here we postulated that human lung adenocarcinomas containing Thy-1+ CAFs have a worse prognosis. We first examined the location of Thy-1+ CAFs within human lung adenocarcinomas. Cells that co-express Thy-1 and α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA), a CAF marker, were located on the tumor periphery surrounding collectively invading tumor cells and in perivascular regions. To interrogate a human lung cancer database for the presence of Thy-1+ CAFs, we isolated Thy-1+ CAFs and normal lung fibroblasts (LFs) from the lungs of KrasLA1 mice and wild-type littermates, respectively, and performed global proteomic analysis on the murine CAFs and LFs, which identified 425 proteins that were differentially expressed. Used as a probe to identify Thy-1+ CAF-enriched tumors in a compendium of 1,586 lung adenocarcinomas, the presence of the 425-gene signature predicted a significantly shorter survival. Thus, Thy-1 marks a CAF population that adversely impacts clinical outcome in human lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Schliekelman
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Chad J Creighton
- Department of Medicine and Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America.,Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Brandi N Baird
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Yulong Chen
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Priyam Banerjee
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Neus Bota-Rabassedas
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Young-Ho Ahn
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jonathon D Roybal
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Fengju Chen
- Department of Medicine and Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Yiqun Zhang
- Department of Medicine and Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Dhruva K Mishra
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Min P Kim
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Barbara Mino
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Pamela Villalobos
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jaime Rodriguez-Canales
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Carmen Behrens
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ignacio I Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Samir M Hanash
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America.,Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jonathan M Kurie
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America.
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30
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Ji X, Zhu X, Lu X. Effect of cancer-associated fibroblasts on radiosensitivity of cancer cells. Future Oncol 2017; 13:1537-1550. [PMID: 28685611 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2017-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid tumors are composed of tumor epithelial cells and the stroma, which are seemingly separate but actually related through cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. These interactions can promote tumor evolution. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the most abundant non-neoplastic cells in the stroma and also among the most important cell types interacting with cancer cells. Particularly, cancer cells promote the formation and maintenance of CAFs by secreting various cytokines. The activated CAFs then synthesize a series of growth factors to promote tumor cell growth, invasion and metastasis. More importantly, the presence of CAFs also interferes with therapeutic efficacy, bringing severe challenges to radiotherapy. This review summarizes the effect of CAFs on the radiosensitivity of tumor cells and underscores the need for further studies on CAFs in order to improve the efficacy of antitumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Ji
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xixu Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xueguan Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
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Reaching the limits of prognostication in non-small cell lung cancer: an optimized biomarker panel fails to outperform clinical parameters. Mod Pathol 2017; 30:964-977. [PMID: 28281552 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2017.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Numerous protein biomarkers have been analyzed to improve prognostication in non-small cell lung cancer, but have not yet demonstrated sufficient value to be introduced into clinical practice. Here, we aimed to develop and validate a prognostic model for surgically resected non-small cell lung cancer. A biomarker panel was selected based on (1) prognostic association in published literature, (2) prognostic association in gene expression data sets, (3) availability of reliable antibodies, and (4) representation of diverse biological processes. The five selected proteins (MKI67, EZH2, SLC2A1, CADM1, and NKX2-1 alias TTF1) were analyzed by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays including tissue from 326 non-small cell lung cancer patients. One score was obtained for each tumor and each protein. The scores were combined, with or without the inclusion of clinical parameters, and the best prognostic model was defined according to the corresponding concordance index (C-index). The best-performing model was subsequently validated in an independent cohort consisting of tissue from 345 non-small cell lung cancer patients. The model based only on protein expression did not perform better compared to clinicopathological parameters, whereas combining protein expression with clinicopathological data resulted in a slightly better prognostic performance (C-index: all non-small cell lung cancer 0.63 vs 0.64; adenocarcinoma: 0.66 vs 0.70, squamous cell carcinoma: 0.57 vs 0.56). However, this modest effect did not translate into a significantly improved accuracy of survival prediction. The combination of a prognostic biomarker panel with clinicopathological parameters did not improve survival prediction in non-small cell lung cancer, questioning the potential of immunohistochemistry-based assessment of protein biomarkers for prognostication in clinical practice.
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32
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Wang KS, Owusu D, Pan Y, Xie C. Bayesian logistic regression in detection of gene-steroid interaction for cancer at PDLIM5 locus. J Genet 2017; 95:331-40. [PMID: 27350677 DOI: 10.1007/s12041-016-0642-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The PDZ and LIM domain 5 (PDLIM5) gene may play a role in cancer, bipolar disorder, major depression, alcohol dependence and schizophrenia; however, little is known about the interaction effect of steroid and PDLIM5 gene on cancer. This study examined 47 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the PDLIM5 gene in the Marshfield sample with 716 cancer patients (any diagnosed cancer, excluding minor skin cancer) and 2848 noncancer controls. Multiple logistic regression model in PLINK software was used to examine the association of each SNP with cancer. Bayesian logistic regression in PROC GENMOD in SAS statistical software, ver. 9.4 was used to detect gene- steroid interactions influencing cancer. Single marker analysis using PLINK identified 12 SNPs associated with cancer (P< 0.05); especially, SNP rs6532496 revealed the strongest association with cancer (P = 6.84 × 10⁻³); while the next best signal was rs951613 (P = 7.46 × 10⁻³). Classic logistic regression in PROC GENMOD showed that both rs6532496 and rs951613 revealed strong gene-steroid interaction effects (OR=2.18, 95% CI=1.31-3.63 with P = 2.9 × 10⁻³ for rs6532496 and OR=2.07, 95% CI=1.24-3.45 with P = 5.43 × 10⁻³ for rs951613, respectively). Results from Bayesian logistic regression showed stronger interaction effects (OR=2.26, 95% CI=1.2-3.38 for rs6532496 and OR=2.14, 95% CI=1.14-3.2 for rs951613, respectively). All the 12 SNPs associated with cancer revealed significant gene-steroid interaction effects (P < 0.05); whereas 13 SNPs showed gene-steroid interaction effects without main effect on cancer. SNP rs4634230 revealed the strongest gene-steroid interaction effect (OR=2.49, 95% CI=1.5-4.13 with P = 4.0 × 10⁻⁴ based on the classic logistic regression and OR=2.59, 95% CI=1.4-3.97 from Bayesian logistic regression; respectively). This study provides evidence of common genetic variants within the PDLIM5 gene and interactions between PLDIM5 gene polymorphisms and steroid use influencing cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Sheng Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614,
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Owusu D, Pan Y, Xie C, Harirforoosh S, Wang KS. Polymorphisms in PDLIM5 gene are associated with alcohol dependence, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension. J Psychiatr Res 2017; 84:27-34. [PMID: 27693979 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The PDZ and LIM domain 5 (PDLIM5) gene may play a role in alcohol dependence (AD), bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder; however, no study has identified shared genetic variants within PDLIM5 gene among AD, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and hypertension. This study investigated the association of 72 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) with AD (1066 AD cases and 1278 controls) in the Study of Addiction - Genetics and Environment (SAGE) sample and 47 SNPs with T2D (878 cases and 2686 non-diabetic) and hypertension (825 cases and 2739 non-hypertensive) in the Marshfield sample. Multiple logistic regression models in PLINK software were used to examine the associations of genetic variants with AD, T2D, and hypertension and SNP x alcohol consumption interactions for T2D and hypertension. Twenty-five SNPs were associated with AD in the SAGE sample (p < 0.05); rs1048627 showed the strongest association with AD (p = 5.53 × 10-4). Of the 25 SNPs, 5 SNPs showed associations with both AD in the SAGE sample and T2D in the Marshfield sample (top SNP rs11097432 with p = 0.00107 for T2D and p = 0.0483 for AD) while 6 SNPs showed associations with both AD in the SAGE sample and hypertension in the Marshfield sample (top SNP rs12500426 with p = 0.0119 for hypertension and p = 1.51 × 10-3 for AD). SNP (rs6532496) showed significant interaction with alcohol consumption for hypertension. Our results showed that several genetic variants in PDLIM5 gene influence AD, T2D and hypertension. These findings offer the potential for new insights into the pathogenesis of AD, T2D, and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Owusu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Yue Pan
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Changchun Xie
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Sam Harirforoosh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Ke-Sheng Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA.
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Raja E, Tzavlaki K, Vuilleumier R, Edlund K, Kahata K, Zieba A, Morén A, Watanabe Y, Voytyuk I, Botling J, Söderberg O, Micke P, Pyrowolakis G, Heldin CH, Moustakas A. The protein kinase LKB1 negatively regulates bone morphogenetic protein receptor signaling. Oncotarget 2016; 7:1120-43. [PMID: 26701726 PMCID: PMC4811448 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein kinase LKB1 regulates cell metabolism and growth and is implicated in intestinal and lung cancer. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling regulates cell differentiation during development and tissue homeostasis. We demonstrate that LKB1 physically interacts with BMP type I receptors and requires Smad7 to promote downregulation of the receptor. Accordingly, LKB1 suppresses BMP-induced osteoblast differentiation and affects BMP signaling in Drosophila wing longitudinal vein morphogenesis. LKB1 protein expression and Smad1 phosphorylation analysis in a cohort of non-small cell lung cancer patients demonstrated a negative correlation predominantly in a subset enriched in adenocarcinomas. Lung cancer patient data analysis indicated strong correlation between LKB1 loss-of-function mutations and high BMP2 expression, and these two events further correlated with expression of a gene subset functionally linked to apoptosis and migration. This new mechanism of BMP receptor regulation by LKB1 has ramifications in physiological organogenesis and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erna Raja
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kalliopi Tzavlaki
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Robin Vuilleumier
- BIOSS, Centre for Biological Signaling Studies and Institute for Biology I, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Karolina Edlund
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kaoru Kahata
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Agata Zieba
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anita Morén
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yukihide Watanabe
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Iryna Voytyuk
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Botling
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ola Söderberg
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Patrick Micke
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - George Pyrowolakis
- BIOSS, Centre for Biological Signaling Studies and Institute for Biology I, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Carl-Henrik Heldin
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aristidis Moustakas
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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35
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Serglycin in tumor microenvironment promotes non-small cell lung cancer aggressiveness in a CD44-dependent manner. Oncogene 2016; 36:2457-2471. [PMID: 27819672 PMCID: PMC5415946 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an active role in promoting tumor progression. To further understand the communication between TME and tumor cells, this study aimed at investigating the involvement of CD44, a type I cell surface receptor, in the crosstalk between tumor cells and TME. We have previously shown that chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan serglycin (SRGN), a CD44-interacting factor, was preferentially secreted by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) for promoting tumor growth in breast cancer patients. In this study, we show that SRGN is overexpressed in primary non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs), by both carcinoma and stromal cells. Using gain-of-function and loss-of-function approaches, we show that SRGN promotes NSCLC cell migration and invasion as well as colonization in the lung and liver in a CD44-dependent manner. SRGN induces lung cancer cell stemness, as demonstrated by its ability to enhance NSCLC cell sphere formation via Nanog induction, accompanied with increased chemoresistance and anoikis-resistance. SRGN promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition by enhancing vimentin expression via CD44/NF-κB/claudin-1 (CLDN1) axis. In support, CLDN1 and SRGN expression are tightly linked together in primary NSCLC. Most importantly, increased expression of SRGN and/or CLDN1 predicts poor prognosis in primary lung adenocarcinomas. In summary, we demonstrate that SRGN secreted by tumor cells and stromal components in the TME promotes malignant phenotypes through interacting with tumor cell receptor CD44, suggesting that a combined therapy targeting both CD44 and its ligands in the TME may be an attractive approach for cancer therapy.
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36
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Rabajdova M, Urban P, Spakova I, Saksun L, Dudic R, Ostro A, Caprnda M, Kruzliak P, Adamek M, Marekova M. The crucial role of emilin 1 gene expression during progression of tumor growth. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2016; 142:2397-402. [PMID: 27581738 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-016-2226-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study describes the effect of rapid tumor growth of patients suffering from various grades of malignant ductal breast carcinoma associated with the gene expression of ECM protein emilin 1, in correlation with the number of gene copies of emilin 1 and degradation of tumor tissue proteins. METHODS A total of 40 examined patients participated in the experiment (controls, n = 10, grades GI-GIII, each n = 10). After isolation of total mRNA, transcription of mRNA into the cDNA was performed. Quantification of gene expression changes was detected by the real-time PCR method. Analysis at the protein level was performed via Western blot method. RESULTS During the detection of changes at the mRNA level, a significantly decreased level of emilin 1 in tumor tissues with grade II (about 54 ± 8 % lower than control) was identified. Protein-level analysis indicated an increased level of emilin 1 in tumors with grade I in comparison with control samples (about 10 ± 3 %). CONCLUSION Obtained results demonstrated that the suppressive role of emilin 1 is related to the grade of growing breast tumors, and associated with increased hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment followed by elevated unfolding and degradation of tissue proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Rabajdova
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, Trieda SNP 1, 040 11, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Peter Urban
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, Trieda SNP 1, 040 11, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Ivana Spakova
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, Trieda SNP 1, 040 11, Kosice, Slovakia
| | | | - Rastislav Dudic
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Alexander Ostro
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Martin Caprnda
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Kruzliak
- Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic. .,2nd Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Mariusz Adamek
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Maria Marekova
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, Trieda SNP 1, 040 11, Kosice, Slovakia.
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37
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Mattsson JSM, Brunnström H, Jabs V, Edlund K, Jirström K, Mindus S, la Fleur L, Pontén F, Karlsson MG, Karlsson C, Koyi H, Brandén E, Botling J, Helenius G, Micke P, Svensson MA. Inconsistent results in the analysis of ALK rearrangements in non-small cell lung cancer. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:603. [PMID: 27495736 PMCID: PMC4974795 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2646-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification of targetable EML4-ALK fusion proteins has revolutionized the treatment of a minor subgroup of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Although fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is regarded as the gold standard for detection of ALK rearrangements, ALK immunohistochemistry (IHC) is often used as screening tool in clinical practice. In order to unbiasedly analyze the diagnostic impact of such a screening strategy, we compared ALK IHC with ALK FISH in three large representative Swedish NSCLC cohorts incorporating clinical parameters and gene expression data. METHODS ALK rearrangements were detected using FISH on tissue microarrays (TMAs), including tissue from 851 NSCLC patients. In parallel, ALK protein expression was detected using IHC, applying the antibody clone D5F3 with two different protocols (the FDA approved Ventana CDx assay and our in house Dako IHC protocol). Gene expression microarray data (Affymetrix) was available for 194 patients. RESULTS ALK rearrangements were detected in 1.7 % in the complete cohort and 2.0 % in the non-squamous cell carcinoma subgroup. ALK protein expression was observed in 1.8 and 1.4 % when applying the Ventana assay or the in house Dako protocol, respectively. The specificity and accuracy of IHC was high (> 98 %), while the sensitivity was between 69 % (Ventana) and 62 % (in house Dako protocol). Furthermore, only 67 % of the ALK IHC positive cases were positive with both IHC assays. Gene expression analysis revealed that 6/194 (3 %) tumors showed high ALK gene expression (≥ 6 AU) and of them only three were positive by either FISH or IHC. CONCLUSION The overall frequency of ALK rearrangements based on FISH was lower than previously reported. The sensitivity of both IHC assays was low, and the concordance between the FISH and the IHC assays poor, questioning current strategies to screen with IHC prior to FISH or completely replace FISH by IHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna S M Mattsson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Hans Brunnström
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Pathology, Regional Laboratories Region Skåne, SE-221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Verena Jabs
- Department of Statistics, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Karolina Edlund
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo) at Dortmund TU, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Karin Jirström
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Stephanie Mindus
- Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Linnéa la Fleur
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Pontén
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mats G Karlsson
- Department of Research and Education, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | | | - Hirsh Koyi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Gävle hospital, Gävle; Centre for Research and Development, Uppsala University/County Council of Gävleborg, Gävle, Sweden
| | - Eva Brandén
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Gävle hospital, Gävle; Centre for Research and Development, Uppsala University/County Council of Gävleborg, Gävle, Sweden
| | - Johan Botling
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gisela Helenius
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Patrick Micke
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria A Svensson
- Clinical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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38
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Kao SC, Kirschner MB, Cooper WA, Tran T, Burgers S, Wright C, Korse T, van den Broek D, Edelman J, Vallely M, McCaughan B, Pavlakis N, Clarke S, Molloy MP, van Zandwijk N, Reid G. A proteomics-based approach identifies secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine as a prognostic biomarker in malignant pleural mesothelioma. Br J Cancer 2016; 114:524-31. [PMID: 26889976 PMCID: PMC4782201 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We aimed to identify prognostic blood biomarkers using proteomics-based approaches in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). Methods: Plasma samples from 12 MPM patients were used for exploratory mass spectrometry and ELISA analyses. The significance of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) was examined in sera from a Dutch series (n=97). To determine the source of the circulating SPARC, we investigated SPARC expression in MPM tumours and healthy controls, as well as the expression and secretion from cell lines and xenografts. Results: Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine was identified as a putative prognostic marker in plasma. Validation in the Dutch series showed that the median survival was higher in patients with low SPARC compared with those with high SPARC (19.0 vs 8.8 months; P=0.01). In multivariate analyses, serum SPARC remained as an independent predictor (HR 1.55; P=0.05). In MPM tumour samples, SPARC was present in the tumour cells and stromal fibroblasts. Cellular SPARC expression was higher in 5 out of 7 cell lines compared with two immortalized mesothelial lines. Neither cell lines nor xenograft tumours secreted detectable SPARC. Conclusions: Low circulating SPARC was associated with favourable prognosis. Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine was present in both tumour cells and stromal fibroblasts; and our in vitro and in vivo experiments suggest that stromal fibroblasts are a potential source of circulating SPARC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven C Kao
- Asbestos Diseases Research Institute, PO Box 3628, Rhodes, Sydney, NSW2139, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Michaela B Kirschner
- Asbestos Diseases Research Institute, PO Box 3628, Rhodes, Sydney, NSW2139, Australia
| | - Wendy A Cooper
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia.,University of Western Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2150, Australia
| | - Thang Tran
- Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Sjaak Burgers
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Casey Wright
- Asbestos Diseases Research Institute, PO Box 3628, Rhodes, Sydney, NSW2139, Australia
| | - Tiny Korse
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Daan van den Broek
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - James Edelman
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Michael Vallely
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia.,Australian School of Advanced Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Brian McCaughan
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,Sydney Cardiothoracic Surgeons, RPAH Medical Centre, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Nick Pavlakis
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Stephen Clarke
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Mark P Molloy
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Nico van Zandwijk
- Asbestos Diseases Research Institute, PO Box 3628, Rhodes, Sydney, NSW2139, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Glen Reid
- Asbestos Diseases Research Institute, PO Box 3628, Rhodes, Sydney, NSW2139, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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39
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Mittal V, El Rayes T, Narula N, McGraw TE, Altorki NK, Barcellos-Hoff MH. The Microenvironment of Lung Cancer and Therapeutic Implications. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 890:75-110. [PMID: 26703800 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-24932-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) represents a milieu that enables tumor cells to acquire the hallmarks of cancer. The TME is heterogeneous in composition and consists of cellular components, growth factors, proteases, and extracellular matrix. Concerted interactions between genetically altered tumor cells and genetically stable intratumoral stromal cells result in an "activated/reprogramed" stroma that promotes carcinogenesis by contributing to inflammation, immune suppression, therapeutic resistance, and generating premetastatic niches that support the initiation and establishment of distant metastasis. The lungs present a unique milieu in which tumors progress in collusion with the TME, as evidenced by regions of aberrant angiogenesis, acidosis and hypoxia. Inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of lung cancer, and pulmonary disorders in lung cancer patients such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and emphysema, constitute comorbid conditions and are independent risk factors for lung cancer. The TME also contributes to immune suppression, induces epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and diminishes efficacy of chemotherapies. Thus, the TME has begun to emerge as the "Achilles heel" of the disease, and constitutes an attractive target for anti-cancer therapy. Drugs targeting the components of the TME are making their way into clinical trials. Here, we will focus on recent advances and emerging concepts regarding the intriguing role of the TME in lung cancer progression, and discuss future directions in the context of novel diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Carcinogenesis/drug effects
- Carcinogenesis/genetics
- Carcinogenesis/metabolism
- Carcinogenesis/pathology
- Cell Communication/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition/drug effects
- Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Lung Diseases, Obstructive/complications
- Lung Diseases, Obstructive/drug therapy
- Lung Diseases, Obstructive/genetics
- Lung Diseases, Obstructive/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/complications
- Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/drug effects
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/metabolism
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/pathology
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/drug effects
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/genetics
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/prevention & control
- Pulmonary Emphysema/complications
- Pulmonary Emphysema/drug therapy
- Pulmonary Emphysema/genetics
- Pulmonary Emphysema/metabolism
- Tumor Microenvironment/drug effects
- Tumor Microenvironment/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Mittal
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Neuberger Berman Lung Cancer Research Center, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Tina El Rayes
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Neuberger Berman Lung Cancer Research Center, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Navneet Narula
- Department of Pathology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Timothy E McGraw
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Neuberger Berman Lung Cancer Research Center, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Nasser K Altorki
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Neuberger Berman Lung Cancer Research Center, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Mary Helen Barcellos-Hoff
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University School of Medicine, 566 First Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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40
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Gandellini P, Andriani F, Merlino G, D'Aiuto F, Roz L, Callari M. Complexity in the tumour microenvironment: Cancer associated fibroblast gene expression patterns identify both common and unique features of tumour-stroma crosstalk across cancer types. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 35:96-106. [PMID: 26320408 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease, driven by the accumulation of several somatic aberrations but fostered by a two-way interaction between tumour cells and the surrounding microenvironment. Cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) represent one of the major players in tumour-stroma crosstalk. Recent in vitro and in vivo studies, often conducted by employing high throughput approaches, have started unravelling the key pathways involved in their functional effects. This review focus on open challenges in the study of CAF properties and function, highlighting at the same time the existence of common mechanisms as well as peculiarities in different cancer types (breast, prostate and lung cancer). Although still limited by current experimental models, which are unable to deal with the full level of complexity of the tumour microenvironment, a better understanding of these mechanisms may enable the identification of new biomarkers and therapeutic targets, to improve current strategies for cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Gandellini
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Andriani
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Merlino
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca D'Aiuto
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Roz
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Callari
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
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41
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Abstract
Since the first draft of the human genome sequence was published, several attempts have been made to map the human proteome, the functional representation of the genome. One such initiative is the Human Protein Atlas project, which recently released a tissue-based map of the human proteome. The Human Protein Atlas is based on the combination of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics for mapping the human proteome down to the single cell level. The comprehensive publicly available database contains more than 13 million unique immunohistochemistry images and provides an excellent resource for exploration and investigation of future drug targets and disease biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Lindskog
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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42
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Franzini A, Baty F, Macovei II, Dürr O, Droege C, Betticher D, Grigoriu BD, Klingbiel D, Zappa F, Brutsche MH. Gene Expression Signatures Predictive of Bevacizumab/Erlotinib Therapeutic Benefit in Advanced Nonsquamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients (SAKK 19/05 trial). Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:5253-63. [PMID: 25922429 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-3135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to identify gene expression signatures associated with angiogenesis and hypoxia pathways with predictive value for treatment response to bevacizumab/erlotinib (BE) of nonsquamous advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Whole-genome gene expression profiling was performed on 42 biopsy samples (from SAKK 19/05 trial) using Affymetrix exon arrays, and associations with the following endpoints: time-to-progression (TTP) under therapy, tumor-shrinkage (TS), and overall survival (OS) were investigated. Next, we performed gene set enrichment analyses using genes associated with the angiogenic process and hypoxia response to evaluate their predictive value for patients' outcome. RESULTS Our analysis revealed that both the angiogenic and hypoxia response signatures were enriched within the genes predictive of BE response, TS, and OS. Higher gene expression levels (GEL) of the 10-gene angiogenesis-associated signature and lower levels of the 10-gene hypoxia response signature predicted improved TTP under BE, 7.1 months versus 2.1 months for low versus high-risk patients (P = 0.005), and median TTP 6.9 months versus 2.9 months (P = 0.016), respectively. The hypoxia response signature associated with higher TS at 12 weeks and improved OS (17.8 months vs. 9.9 months for low vs. high-risk patients, P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS We were able to identify gene expression signatures derived from the angiogenesis and hypoxia response pathways with predictive value for clinical outcome in advanced nonsquamous NSCLC patients. This could lead to the identification of clinically relevant biomarkers, which will allow for selecting the subset of patients who benefit from the treatment and predict drug response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Franzini
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Florent Baty
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Ina I Macovei
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Oliver Dürr
- Institute of Data Analysis and Process Design, Zürich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Bogdan D Grigoriu
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Dirk Klingbiel
- Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research (SAKK) Coordinating Center, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Zappa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Clinica Luganese, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Martin H Brutsche
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
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43
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Mahale J, Smagurauskaite G, Brown K, Thomas A, Howells LM. The role of stromal fibroblasts in lung carcinogenesis: A target for chemoprevention? Int J Cancer 2015; 138:30-44. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jagdish Mahale
- Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine; University of Leicester, Leicester Royal Infirmary; Leicester LE2 7LX United Kingdom
| | - Gintare Smagurauskaite
- Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine; University of Leicester, Leicester Royal Infirmary; Leicester LE2 7LX United Kingdom
| | - Karen Brown
- Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine; University of Leicester, Leicester Royal Infirmary; Leicester LE2 7LX United Kingdom
| | - Anne Thomas
- Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine; University of Leicester, Leicester Royal Infirmary; Leicester LE2 7LX United Kingdom
| | - Lynne M. Howells
- Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine; University of Leicester, Leicester Royal Infirmary; Leicester LE2 7LX United Kingdom
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44
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-associated stromal cells interact with carcinoma cells and thus participate in tumor growth. Our aim was to characterize the ultrastructure and contractile properties of stromal cells in collagen gel cultured from lung cancer of various histological types and from tumor-free lung. METHODS Cells cultured from lung cancer (13 adenocarcinomas, six squamous cell carcinomas, one adenosquamous carcinoma, and one pleomorphic carcinoma) and tumor-free lung were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy and three-dimensional collagen gel contraction assays. The expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), a recognized myofibroblast marker, was examined by immunoelectron microscopy from individual cells and by Western blotting from the whole cultured cell population. RESULTS According to their ultrastructure, the cell lines were composed of fibroblastic and myofibroblastic cells. In electron microscopy, cells of lung cancer exhibited more myofibroblastic features displaying higher amounts of actin belts (p = 0.057) and α-SMA labeling (p = 0.010) than cells from tumor-free lung. Myofibroblasts cultured from lung cancer of smokers expressed less α-SMA labeling (p = 0.013) than counterparts from nonsmokers. Western blotting revealed that cancer-associated fibroblasts expressed more α-SMA (p = 0.006) than cells from tumor-free lung, whereas cells from tumor-free central lung of smokers showed less α-SMA (p = 0.039) than counterparts from nonsmokers. Cells cultured from cancer contracted more in collagen gel than those from tumor-free lung. The contractile capacity in collagen gel correlated with the frequency of extracellular component of fibronexus by transmission electron microscopy. CONCLUSIONS Lung cancer-associated myofibroblasts are different both ultrastructurally and functionally when compared with cells cultured from tumor-free lung. Smoking altered myofibroblastic phenotype, regardless of their origin.
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45
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Li Y, Gao Y, Xu Y, Sun X, Song X, Ma H, Yang M. si-RNA-mediated knockdown of PDLIM5 suppresses gastric cancer cell proliferation in vitro. Chem Biol Drug Des 2014; 85:447-53. [PMID: 25215606 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the second most prominent cause of cancer mortality in the world. This study was designed to identify the possible use of si-RNA-mediated PDLIM5 gene silencing as a therapeutic tool for gastric cancer. Expression levels of PDLIM5 were detected in several gastric cancer cell lines using Western blot and qRT-PCR. We found PDLIM5 is highly expressed in all cultured gastric cancer cell lines. Small interfering RNA (si-RNA) was then employed to knock down PDLIM5 expression in MGC80-3 gastric cancer cells. Knockdown of PDLIM5 significantly inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation. Moreover, the absence of PDLIM5 in MGC80-3 cells led to S phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. This study highlights the critical role of PDLIM5 in gastric cancer cell growth and suggests that si-RNA-mediated silencing of PDLIM5 might serve as a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanliang Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Tumor Hospital, Jinan, 250117, China
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46
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Noguchi S, Saito A, Horie M, Mikami Y, Suzuki HI, Morishita Y, Ohshima M, Abiko Y, Mattsson JSM, König H, Lohr M, Edlund K, Botling J, Micke P, Nagase T. An integrative analysis of the tumorigenic role of TAZ in human non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:4660-72. [PMID: 24951773 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-3328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE TAZ, also known as WWTR1, has recently been suggested as an oncogene in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We investigated the clinical relevance of TAZ expression and its functional role in NSCLC tumorigenesis. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We characterized TAZ at the DNA (n=192), mRNA (n=196), and protein levels (n=345) in an NSCLC patient cohort. Gene expression analysis was complemented by a meta-analysis of public datasets (n=1,382). The effects of TAZ on cell proliferation and cell cycle were analyzed in cell cultures and on tumor growth in mice. TAZ-dependent microarray-based expression profiles in NSCLC cells were combined with molecular profiles in human NSCLC tissues for in silico analysis. RESULTS Higher TAZ mRNA and protein levels were associated with shorter patient survival. Transduction of TAZ enhanced cell proliferation and tumorigenesis in bronchial epithelial cells, whereas TAZ silencing suppressed cell proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest in NSCLC cells. Microarray and cell culture experiments showed that ErbB ligands (amphiregulin, epiregulin, and neuregulin 1) are downstream targets of TAZ. Our in silico analysis revealed a TAZ signature that substantiated the clinical impact of TAZ and confirmed its relationship to the epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway. CONCLUSION TAZ expression defines a clinically distinct subgroup of patients with NSCLC. ErbB ligands are suggested to mediate the effects of TAZ on lung cancer progression. Our findings emphasize the tumorigenic role of TAZ and may serve as the basis for new treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Noguchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Saito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan. Division for Health Service Promotion, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Masafumi Horie
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Mikami
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi I Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Morishita
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Ohshima
- Department of Biochemistry, Ohu University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tomitamachi, Koriyama, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Abiko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Helena König
- Department of Statistics, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Miriam Lohr
- Department of Statistics, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Karolina Edlund
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Johan Botling
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Patrick Micke
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Takahide Nagase
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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47
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Zhang W, Zeng T, Chen L. EdgeMarker: Identifying differentially correlated molecule pairs as edge-biomarkers. J Theor Biol 2014; 362:35-43. [PMID: 24931676 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2014.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Biomarker discovery is one of the major topics in translational biomedicine study based on high-throughput biological data analysis. Traditional methods focus on differentially expressed genes (or node-biomarkers) but ignore non-differentials. However, non-differentially expressed genes also play important roles in the biological processes and the rewired interactions / edges among non-differential genes may reveal fundamental difference between variable conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to identify relevant interactions or gene pairs to elucidate the molecular mechanism of complex biological phenomena, e.g. distinguish different phenotypes. To address this issue, we proposed a new method based on a new vector representation of an edge, EdgeMarker, to (1) identify edge-biomarkers, i.e. the differentially correlated molecular pairs (e.g., gene pairs) with optimal classification ability, and (2) transform the 'node expression' data in node space into the 'edge expression' data in edge space and classify the phenotype of each single sample in edge space, which generally cannot be achieved in traditional methods. Unlike the traditional methods which analyze the node space (i.e. molecular expression space) or higher dimensional space using arbitrary kernel methods, this study provides a mathematical model to explore the edge space (i.e. correlation space) for classification of a single sample. In this work, we show that the identified edge-biomarkers indeed have strong ability in distinguishing normal and disease samples even when all involved genes are not significantly differentially expressed. The analysis of human cholangiocarcinoma dataset and diabetes dataset also suggested that the identified edge-biomarkers may cast new biological insights into the pathogenesis of human complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Tao Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Luonan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Collaborative Research Center for Innovative Mathematical Modelling, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan.
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48
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Úrias U, Marie SKN, Uno M, da Silva R, Evagelinellis MM, Caballero OL, Stevenson BJ, Silva WA, Simpson AJ, Oba-Shinjo SM. CD99 is upregulated in placenta and astrocytomas with a differential subcellular distribution according to the malignancy stage. J Neurooncol 2014; 119:59-70. [PMID: 24797829 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-014-1462-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we searched for genes highly expressed in placenta and that could contribute to the establishment and maintenance of a malignant phenotype in different types of tumours, and in astrocytomas in particular. We employed a strategy based on the integration of in silico data from previously generated massively parallel signature sequencing and public serial analysis of gene expression databases. Among 12 selected genes, CD99 exhibited the highest relative mRNA expression in GBM compared to non-neoplastic brain tissues. In a larger cohort of astrocytic tumours, we further demonstrated increased CD99 expression in all malignant grades, with GBMs showing the highest values. These findings were confirmed at the protein level by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Additionally, we demonstrated the CD99 localisation profile in astrocytic tumours. Interestingly, CD99 expression was confined to the cytoplasm or membrane in more malignant astrocytomas, in contrast to non-neoplastic brain tissue or non-infiltrative pilocytic astrocytoma, which showed no obvious staining in these structures. Comparison of three GBM cell lines revealed higher CD99 expression at the membrane and higher migratory capacity in the A172 and U87MG lines, but lower CD99 expression and no migratory ability in the T98 line. Knocking down CD99 expression by siRNA decreased significantly the migration of both cell lines. These integrated CD99 gene and protein expression results suggest that CD99 expression in astrocytomas of different malignant grades might contribute to the infiltrative ability and support the importance of CD99 as a potential target to reduce infiltrative astrocytoma capacity in migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Úrias
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Neurology, Faculdade de Medicina da, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 01246-903, Brazil
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49
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Micke P, Mattsson JSM, Edlund K, Lohr M, Jirström K, Berglund A, Botling J, Rahnenfuehrer J, Marincevic M, Pontén F, Ekman S, Hengstler J, Wöll S, Sahin U, Türeci O. Aberrantly activated claudin 6 and 18.2 as potential therapy targets in non-small-cell lung cancer. Int J Cancer 2014; 135:2206-14. [PMID: 24710653 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Claudins (CLDNs) are central components of tight junctions that regulate epithelial-cell barrier function and polarity. Altered CLDN expression patterns have been demonstrated in numerous cancer types and lineage-specific CLDNs have been proposed as therapy targets. The objective of this study was to assess which fraction of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) express CLDN6 and CLDN18 isoform 2 (CLDN18.2). Protein expression of CLDN6 and CLDN18.2 was examined by immunohistochemistry on a tissue microarray (n = 355) and transcript levels were supportively determined based on gene expression microarray data from fresh-frozen NSCLC tissues (n = 196). Both were analyzed with regard to frequency, distribution and association with clinical parameters. Immunohistochemical analysis of tissue sections revealed distinct membranous positivity of CLDN6 (6.5%) and CLDN18.2 (3.7%) proteins in virtually non-overlapping subgroups of adenocarcinomas and large-cell carcinomas. Pneumocytes and bronchial epithelial cells were consistently negative. Corresponding to the protein expression, in subsets of non-squamous lung carcinoma high mRNA levels of CLDN6 (7-16%) and total CLDN18 (5-12%) were observed. Protein expression correlated well with total mRNA expression of the corresponding gene (rho = 0.4-0.8). CLDN18.2 positive tumors were enriched among slowly proliferating, thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1)-negative adenocarcinomas, suggesting that isoform-specific CLDN expression may delineate a specific subtype. Noteworthy, high CLDN6 protein expression was associated with worse prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma in the univariate [hazard ratio (HR): 1.8; p = 0.03] and multivariate COX regression model (HR: 1.9; p = 0.02). These findings encourage further clinical exploration of targeting ectopically activated CLDN expression as a valuable treatment concept in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Micke
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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50
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Targeted development of specific biomarkers of endometrial stromal cell differentiation using bioinformatics: the IFITM1 model. Mod Pathol 2014; 27:569-79. [PMID: 24072182 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2013.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
When classifying cellular uterine mesenchymal neoplasms, histological distinction of endometrial stromal from smooth muscle neoplasms can be difficult. The only widely established marker of endometrial stromal differentiation, CD10, has marginal specificity. We took a bioinformatics approach to identify more specific markers of endometrial stromal differentiation by searching the Human Protein Atlas, a public database of protein expression profiles. After screening the database using different methods, interferon-induced transmembrane protein 1 (IFITM1) was selected for further analysis. Immunohistochemistry for IFITM1 was performed using tissue sections from the selected cases of proliferative endometrium (22), secretory endometrium (6), inactive endometrium (19), adenomyosis (10), conventional leiomyoma (11), cellular leiomyoma (16), endometrial stromal nodule (2), low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (16), high-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (2) and undifferentiated uterine sarcoma (2). Stained slides were scored in terms of intensity and distribution. Normal endometrial samples uniformly showed diffuse and strong IFITM1 staining. Endometrial stromal neoplasms, particularly low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma, showed higher IFITM1 expression compared with smooth muscle neoplasms (P<0.0001). IFITM1 immunohistochemistry has high sensitivity and specificity, particularly in the distinction between low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma and leiomyoma (81.2 and 86.7%, respectively). Our results indicate that IFITM1 is a sensitive and specific marker of endometrial stromal differentiation across the spectrum from proliferative endometrium to metastatic stromal sarcoma. IFITM1 is a potential valuable addition to immunohistochemical panels used in the diagnosis of cellular mesenchymal uterine tumors. Further studies with larger number of cases are necessary to corroborate this impression and determine the utility of IFITM1 in routine practice. This study is a clear example of how bioinformatics, particularly tools for mining genomic and proteomic databases, can enhance and accelerate biomarker development in diagnostic pathology.
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