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Xi Y, Zhang XL, Luo QX, Gan HN, Liu YS, Shao SH, Mao XH. Helicobacter pylori regulates stomach diseases by activating cell pathways and DNA methylation of host cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1187638. [PMID: 37215092 PMCID: PMC10192871 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1187638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most prevalent malignant tumors of the digestive tract is gastric cancer (GC). Age, high salt intake, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, and a diet deficient in fruits and vegetables are risk factors for the illness. A significant risk factor for gastric cancer is infection with H. pylori. Infecting gastric epithelial cells with virulence agents secreted by H. pylori can cause methylation of tumor genes or carcinogenic signaling pathways to be activated. Regulate downstream genes' aberrant expression, albeit the precise mechanism by which this happens is unclear. Oncogene, oncosuppressor, and other gene modifications, as well as a number of different gene change types, are all directly associated to the carcinogenesis of gastric cancer. In this review, we describe comprehensive H. pylori and its virulence factors, as well as the activation of the NF-κB, MAPK, JAK/STAT signaling pathways, and DNA methylation following infection with host cells via virulence factors, resulting in abnormal gene expression. As a result, host-related proteins are regulated, and gastric cancer progression is influenced. This review provides insight into the H. pylori infection, summarizes a series of relevant papers, discusses the complex signaling pathways underlying molecular mechanisms, and proposes new approach to immunotherapy of this important disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xi
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiao-Li Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qing-Xin Luo
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Hai-Ning Gan
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yu-Shi Liu
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shi-He Shao
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xu-Hua Mao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Wuxi, China
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Ren Y, Qian Y, Ai L, Xie Y, Gao Y, Zhuang Z, Chen J, Chen YX, Fang JY. TRAPPC4 regulates the intracellular trafficking of PD-L1 and antitumor immunity. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5405. [PMID: 34518538 PMCID: PMC8438078 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25662-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells evade T cell-mediated immunosurveillance via the interaction between programmed death-1 (PD-1) ligand 1 (PD-L1) on tumor cells and PD-1 on T cells. Strategies disrupting PD-1/PD-L1 have shown clinical benefits in various cancers. However, the limited response rate prompts us to investigate the molecular regulation of PD-L1. Here, we identify trafficking protein particle complex subunit 4 (TRAPPC4), a major player in vesicular trafficking, as a crucial PD-L1 regulator. TRAPPC4 interacts with PD-L1 in recycling endosomes, acting as a scaffold between PD-L1 and RAB11, and promoting RAB11-mediated recycling of PD-L1, thus replenishing its distribution on the tumor cell surface. TRAPPC4 depletion leads to a significant reduction of PD-L1 expression in vivo and in vitro. This reduction in PD-L1 facilitates T cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Overexpression of Trappc4 sensitizes tumor cells to checkpoint therapy in murine tumor models, suggesting TRAPPC4 as a therapeutic target to enhance anti-tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Qian
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Luoyan Ai
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yile Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaqi Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziyan Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinxian Chen
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Xuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Yuan Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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3
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Xie S, Zhang Y, Peng T, Guo J, Cao Y, Guo J, Shi X, Li Y, Liu Y, Qi S, Wang H. TMEFF2 promoter hypermethylation is an unfavorable prognostic marker in gliomas. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:148. [PMID: 33663520 PMCID: PMC7931334 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01818-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transmembrane protein with EGF-like and two follistatin-like domains 2 (TMEFF2) is a transmembrane protein in the tomoregulin family. Little research has been performed to determine whether TMEFF2 methylation is a prognostic marker in adult diffuse gliomas. METHODS In this study, we investigated TMEFF2 expression in surgical glioma tissue samples. In addition, we conducted bisulfite amplicon sequencing (BSAS) and methylation-specific PCR (MSP) to evaluate TMEFF2 methylation in glioblastoma (GBM) cells. Subsequently, we investigated the biological function of TMEFF2 in GBM cells. Moreover, we explored the prognostic significance of TMEFF2 in gliomas by analysing a cohort dataset from TCGA. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry analysis of 75 paired glioma tumour and peritumoural tissues demonstrated that glioma tumour tissues expressed lower TMEFF2 levels than peritumoural tissues (P < 0.001). TMEFF2 promoter methylation levels were increased in glioblastoma cells compared with SVG p12 cells (P < 0.001). Inhibition of methylation reduced TMEFF2 methylation and increased its expression in LN229 and T98G cells (P < 0.05). Knockdown of TMEFF2 expression significantly promoted the proliferation of U87MG cells and primary GBM cells (P < 0.05). TMEFF2 methylation is negatively associated with IDH1, ATRX and TP53 mutations, and the subtype of glioma harbouring combined IDH1/ATRX/TP53 mutations was associated with low TMEFF2 methylation levels. Survival analysis confirmed that low TMEFF2 methylation levels are associated with good prognosis in glioma patients. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that TMEFF2 DNA methylation might be associated with glioma tumour progression and could serve as a valuable prognostic marker for adult diffuse gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidi Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Glioma Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunxiao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Glioma Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinglin Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Glioma Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongfu Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Guo
- Epilepsy Center, Guangdong Sanjiu Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Longgang Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518116, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaqin Li
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yawei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Glioma Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Songtao Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Glioma Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China. .,Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hai Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Glioma Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China. .,Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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Park JM, Han YM, Park YJ, Hahm KB. Dietary intake of walnut prevented <i>Helicobacter pylori</i>-associated gastric cancer through rejuvenation of chronic atrophic gastritis. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2021. [DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.20-103
expr 895872307 + 836645000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ki Baik Hahm
- CHA Cancer Preventive Research Center, CHA Bio Complex, CHA University
- Medpactor Research Institute, Medpacto
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5
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Park JM, An JM, Han YM, Surh YJ, Hwang SJ, Kim SJ, Hahm KB. Walnut polyphenol extracts inhibit Helicobacter pylori-induced STAT3 Tyr705 phosphorylation through activation of PPAR-γ and SOCS1 induction. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2021. [DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.20-105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeong Min An
- CHA Cancer Preventive Research Center, CHA Bio Complex, CHA University
| | | | | | | | | | - Ki Baik Hahm
- CHA Cancer Preventive Research Center, CHA Bio Complex, CHA University
- Medpacto Research Institute, Medpacto
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Masood M, Grimm S, El-Bahrawy M, Yagüe E. TMEFF2: A Transmembrane Proteoglycan with Multifaceted Actions in Cancer and Disease. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123862. [PMID: 33371267 PMCID: PMC7766544 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary We recently came across an intriguing protein while screening for tumour-specific apoptosis inducers. It is known as the transmembrane protein with an EGF-like and two Follistatin-like domains 2 (TMEFF2). The gene was identified and characterized by five different groups almost simultaneously around 2000. Physiological function of TMEFF2 is elusive; however, the protein is reported to be involved in wide-ranging physiological and pathological functions including neuroprotection in Alzheimer’s diseases, interferon induction and one-carbon metabolism. Moreover, the TMEFF2 promoter and 5′-upstream regions harbour a CpG island which is progressively methylated upon progression in a wide variety of cancers. Numerous primary publications suggest the methylation of TMEFF2 as a prognostic and even diagnostic marker in different cancers. The primary literature regarding TMEFF2 is distributed far and wide, and despite having more than 150 primary publications mentioning TMEFF2 (or its aliases) in the title or abstract on PubMed, a comprehensive literature review is not available. We believe the reason behind this is firstly the sheer diversity of subjects of these publications and secondly the numerous primary publications reporting contradictory information about TMEFF2, especially when it comes to its oncogenic versus the onco-suppressive roles. The interest in TMEFF2 is growing again; PubMed returning at least 60 publications mentioning TMEFF2 (or its aliases) within the last year. We have made a laborious effort and written a comprehensive review article on TMEFF2 where we have not only compiled and contextualized the information regarding it but also critically analysed the information in the major primary publications. In addition, we have proposed some answers to the apparent TMEFF2 disagreements on its function. This information could serve as a valuable tool for readers not only about TMEFF2 but also on the dual role of type-I transmembrane proteoglycans (harbouring Follistatin-like domains) in oncogenesis and onco-suppression. Abstract Transmembrane protein with an EGF-like and two Follistatin-like domains 2 (TMEFF2) is a 374-residue long type-I transmembrane proteoglycan which is proteolytically shed from the cell surface. The protein is involved in a range of functions including metabolism, neuroprotection, apoptosis, embryonic development, onco-suppression and endocrine function. TMEFF2 is methylated in numerous cancers, and an inverse correlation with the stage, response to therapy and survival outcome has been observed. Moreover, TMEFF2 methylation increases with breast, colon and gastric cancer progression. TMEFF2 is methylated early during oncogenesis in breast and colorectal cancer, and the detection of methylated free-circulating TMEFF2 DNA has been suggested as a potential diagnostic tool. The TMEFF2 downregulation signature equals and sometimes outperforms the Gleason and pathological scores in prostate cancer. TMEFF2 is downregulated in glioma and cotricotropinomas, and it impairs the production of adrenocorticotropic hormone in glioma cells. Interestingly, through binding the amyloid β protein, its precursor and derivatives, TMEFF2 provides neuroprotection in Alzheimer’s disease. Despite undergoing extensive investigation over the last two decades, the primary literature regarding TMEFF2 is incoherent and offers conflicting information, in particular, the oncogenic vs. onco-suppressive role of TMEFF2 in prostate cancer. For the first time, we have compiled, contextualised and critically analysed the vast body of TMEFF2-related literature and answered the apparent discrepancies regarding its function, tissue expression, intracellular localization and oncogenic vs. onco-suppressive role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motasim Masood
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK;
| | - Stefan Grimm
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK;
| | - Mona El-Bahrawy
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
- Correspondence: (M.E.-B.); (E.Y.); Tel.: +44-(0)77-7157-4968 (M.E.B.); +44-(0)20-7594-2802 (E.Y.)
| | - Ernesto Yagüe
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK;
- Correspondence: (M.E.-B.); (E.Y.); Tel.: +44-(0)77-7157-4968 (M.E.B.); +44-(0)20-7594-2802 (E.Y.)
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Park JM, Han YM, Park YJ, Hahm KB. Dietary intake of walnut prevented Helicobacter pylori-associated gastric cancer through rejuvenation of chronic atrophic gastritis. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2020; 68:37-50. [PMID: 33536711 PMCID: PMC7844657 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.20-103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The fact that Fat-1 transgenic mice producing n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids via overexpressed 3-desaturase significantly mitigated Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-associated gastric tumorigenesis through rejuvenation of chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) led us to study whether dietary intake of walnut plentiful of n-3 PUFAs can be nutritional intervention to prevent H. pylori-associated gastric cancer. In our model that H. pylori-initiated, high salt diet-promoted gastric carcinogenesis, pellet diet containing 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg walnut was administered up to 36 weeks. As results, control mice (24 weeks) developed significant chronic CAG, in which dietary walnuts significantly ameliorated chronic atrophic gastritis. Expressions of COX-2/PGE2/NF-κB/c-Jun, elevated in 24 weeks control group, were all significantly decreased with walnut (p<0.01). Tumor suppressive enzyme, 15-PGDH, was significantly preserved with walnut. Control mice (36 weeks) all developed significant tumors accompanied with severe CAG. However, significantly decreased tumorigenesis was noted in group treated with walnuts, in which expressions of COX-2/PGE2/NF-κB/IL-6/STAT3, all elevated in 36 weeks control group, were significantly decreased with walnut. Defensive proteins including HO-1, Nrf2, and SOCS-1 were significantly increased in walnut group. Proliferative index as marked with Ki-67 and PCNA was significantly regulated with walnut relevant to 15-PGDH preservation. Conclusively, walnut can be an anticipating nutritional intervention against H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Min Park
- Daejeon University School of Oriental Medicine, Daehak-ro 62, Dong-gu, Daejeon 34520, Korea
| | - Young Min Han
- Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, University-Industry Cooperate Building, 150 Bugahyeon-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03759, Korea
| | - Yong Jin Park
- GI Medics, Kwanglim Bldg 5F, Daelim-dong, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul 08513, Korea
| | - Ki Baik Hahm
- CHA Cancer Preventive Research Center, CHA Bio Complex, CHA University, 330 Pangyo-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam13497, Korea.,Medpactor Research Institute, Medpacto, Myungdal-ro 92, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06668, Korea
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8
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Park JM, An JM, Han YM, Surh YJ, Hwang SJ, Kim SJ, Hahm KB. Walnut polyphenol extracts inhibit Helicobacter pylori-induced STAT3 Tyr705 phosphorylation through activation of PPAR-γ and SOCS1 induction. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2020; 67:248-256. [PMID: 33293765 PMCID: PMC7705089 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.20-89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The health beneficial effects of walnut plentiful of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid had been attributed to its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties against various clinical diseases. Since we have published Fat-1 transgenic mice overexpressing 3-desaturase significantly mitigated Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-associated gastric pathologies including rejuvenation of chronic atrophic gastritis and prevention of gastric cancer, in this study, we have explored the underlying molecular mechanisms of walnut against H. pylori infection. Fresh walnut polyphenol extracts (WPE) were found to suppress the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) induced by H. pylori infection in RGM-1 gastric mucosal cells. Notably, H. pylori infection significantly decreased suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1), but WPE induced expression of SOCS1, by which the suppressive effect of walnut extracts on STAT3Tyr705 phosphorylation was not seen in SOCS1 KO cells. WPE induced significantly increased nuclear translocation nuclear translocation of PPAR-γ in RGM1 cells, by which PPAR-γ KO inhibited transcription of SOCS1 and suppressive effect of WPE on p-STAT3Tyr705 was not seen. WPE inhibited the expression of c-Myc and IL-6/IL-6R signaling, which was attenuated in the RGM1 cells harboring SOCS1 specific siRNA. Conclusively, WPE inhibits H. pylori-induced STAT3 phosphorylation in a PPAR-γ and SOCS1-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Min Park
- College of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon University, Daehak-ro 62, Dong-gu, Daejeon, 34520, Korea
| | - Jeong Min An
- CHA Cancer Preventive Research Center, CHA Bio Complex, 330 Pangyo-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13497, Korea
| | - Young Min Han
- Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, University-Industry Cooperate Building, 150 Bugahyeon-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03759, Korea
| | - Young Joon Surh
- College of Pharmacy Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Sun Jin Hwang
- Medpacto Research Institute, Medpacto Inc., 92, Myeongdal-ro, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06668, Korea
| | - Seong Jin Kim
- Medpacto Research Institute, Medpacto Inc., 92, Myeongdal-ro, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06668, Korea
| | - Ki Baik Hahm
- CHA Cancer Preventive Research Center, CHA Bio Complex, 330 Pangyo-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13497, Korea.,Medpacto Research Institute, Medpacto Inc., 92, Myeongdal-ro, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06668, Korea
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Butt G, Farooqi AA, Adylova A, Attar R, Yilmaz S, Konysbayevna KK, Sabitaliyevich UY, Gasparri ML, Xu B. Vitamin C as an Anticancer Agent: Regulation of Signaling Pathways. Curr Top Med Chem 2020; 20:1868-1875. [PMID: 32648842 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200710102841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Treatment options for effective treatment of cancer with minimum off-target effects and maximum clinical outcomes have remained overarching goals in the clinical oncology. Vitamin C has remained in the shadows of controversy since the past few decades; burgeoning evidence has started to shed light on wide-ranging anticancer effects exerted by Vitamin C to induce apoptosis in drug-resistant cancer cells, inhibit uncontrolled proliferation of the cancer cells and metastatic spread. Landmark achievements in molecular oncology have ushered in a new era, and researchers have focused on the identification of oncogenic pathways regulated by Vitamin C in different cancers. However, there are visible knowledge gaps in our understanding related to the ability of Vitamin C to modulate a myriad of transduction cascades. There are scattered pieces of scientific evidence about promising potential of Vitamin C to regulate JAK-STAT, TGF/SMAD, TRAIL and microRNAs in different cancers. However, published data is insufficient and needs to be investigated comprehensively to enable basic and clinical researchers to reap full benefits and promote result-oriented transition of Vitamin C into various phases of clinical trials. In this review, we will emphasize on available evidence related to the regulation of oncogenic cell signaling pathways by Vitamin C in different cancers. We will also highlight the conceptual gaps, which need detailed and cutting-edge research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazala Butt
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ammad A Farooqi
- Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aima Adylova
- Department of Postgraduate Education and Research, Kazakhstan Medical University KSPH, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Rukset Attar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seher Yilmaz
- Department of Anatomy, Yozgat Bozok University, Faculty of Medicine, Yozgat, Turkey
| | | | - Uteuliyev Y Sabitaliyevich
- Department of Postgraduate Education and Research, Kazakhstan Medical University KSPH, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Maria L Gasparri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ospedale Regionale di Lugano, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Universita' della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Baojun Xu
- Food Science and Technology Program, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai 519087, China
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Chen Y, Chen Y, Zhang J, Cao P, Su W, Deng Y, Zhan N, Fu X, Huang Y, Dong W. Fusobacterium nucleatum Promotes Metastasis in Colorectal Cancer by Activating Autophagy Signaling via the Upregulation of CARD3 Expression. Theranostics 2020; 10:323-339. [PMID: 31903123 PMCID: PMC6929621 DOI: 10.7150/thno.38870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: We aimed to measure the abundance of Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues from patients and to uncover the function of this bacterium in colorectal tumor metastasis. Methods: We collected metastatic and non-metastatic CRC tissues to analyze F. nucleatum abundance. Cells were incubated with F. nucleatum or chloroquine (CQ) or were transfected with CARD3-targeting siRNA; the expression of mRNAs and proteins was then measured. CRC cells stably transfected with shRNA-luc were mixed with F. nucleatum and intravenously injected into BALB/cJ mice. APCMin/+, CARD3-/-and CARD3wt C57BL mice were given F. nucleatum; some mice were given azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Results: F. nucleatum was abundant in CRC tissues from patients with metastasis. F. nucleatum infection increased CRC cell motility and upregulated the expression of CARD3, LC3-II, Beclin1 and Vimentin, and downregulated the expression of E-cadherin and P62 in CRC cells. These effects were attenuated by treatment with CQ, siCARD3 or both. APCMin/+ mice gavaged with F. nucleatum developed more aggressive tumors than control mice. After AOM/DSS administration, the colorectums of CARD3-/- mice had fewer tumors than those of control mice. Tumors from CARD3-/- mice had lower levels of LC3-II and Beclin1 and higher levels of P62 than those from control mice. BALB/cJ mice injected with both CT26-luc cells and F. nucleatum formed more metastases than control mice. CQ treatment, CARD3 knockdown or both reduced the ability of CT26-luc cells to form metastases in vivo. Conclusions: F. nucleatum is enriched in CRC tissues from patients with metastasis. F. nucleatum orchestrates CARD3 and autophagy to control CRC metastasis. Measuring and targeting F. nucleatum and its associated pathways will yield approaches for the prevention and treatment of CRC metastasis.
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11
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Han H, Zhan Z, Xu J, Song Z. TMEFF2 inhibits pancreatic cancer cells proliferation, migration, and invasion by suppressing phosphorylation of the MAPK signaling pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:11371-11382. [PMID: 31920328 PMCID: PMC6939404 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s210619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This paper studied the effect of TMEFF2 expression on pancreatic cancer and its mechanism. METHODS A total of 72 pancreatic cancer patients were enrolled. AsPC1 and Panc1 cells were transfected. SB203580 was used to treat AsPC1 cells. CCK8 assay, colony formation analysis, Transwell experiment and Tunel test were performed. In vivo studies in nude mice were conducted. Immunohistochemistry, qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect genes expression. RESULTS TMEFF2 was downregulated in pancreatic cancer tissues and cells (P<0.001). Low TMEFF2 expression was associated with larger tumor size and advanced stage and poor differentiation (P<0.01). Compared with the NC group, AsPC1 and Panc1 cells of the TMEFF2 group exhibited much lower OD450 values, colony number, tumor volume and weight, migration and invasion cell numbers, obviously higher E-cadherin protein expression, lower Snail, Vimentin, MMP-2 and MMP-9 proteins expression, lower phosphorylation level of MAPK signaling pathway, and more apoptotic cells. AsPC1 cells of the SB203580 group showed much lower OD450 value when compared with the siTMEFF2 group. Significantly decreased colony number, migration and invasion number, higher E-cadherin protein expression and lower Snail, Vimentin, MMP-2 and MMP-9 proteins expression were found in AsPC1 cells of the siTMEFF2+ SB203580 group when compared with the siTMEFF2+ DMSO group. CONCLUSION TMEFF2 inhibits pancreatic cancer cells proliferation, migration, and invasion by suppressing the phosphorylation of the MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchao Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Shanghai No. 10 People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of General Surgery, Yancheng Third People’s Hospital, Yancheng, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhilin Zhan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chizhou People’s Hospital, Chizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Yancheng Third People’s Hospital, Yancheng, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenshun Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Shanghai No. 10 People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
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12
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Hong W, Guo F, Yang M, Xu D, Zhuang Z, Niu B, Bai Q, Li X. Hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase 2B1 affects gastric epithelial function and carcinogenesis induced by a carcinogenic agent. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:203. [PMID: 31757214 PMCID: PMC6874824 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-1149-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A healthy gastric mucosal epithelium exhibits tumor-suppressive properties. Gastric epithelial cell dysfunction contributes to gastric cancer development. Oxysterols provided from food or cholesterol oxidation in the gastric epithelium may be further sulfated by hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase 2B1 (SULT2B1), which is highly abundant in the gastric epithelium. However, the effects of SULT2B1 on gastric epithelial function and gastric carcinogenesis are unclear. Methods A mouse gastric tumor model was established using carcinogenic agent 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MCA). A SULT2B1 deletion (SULT2B1−/−) human gastric epithelial line GES-1 was constructed by CRISPR/CAS9 genome editing system. Results The gastric tumor incidence was higher in the SULT2B1−/− mice than in the wild-type (WT) mice. In gastric epithelial cells, adenovirus-mediated SULT2B1b overexpression reduced the levels of oxysterols, such as 24(R/S),25-epoxycholesterol (24(R/S),25-EC) and 27-hydroxycholesterol (27HC). This condition also increased PI3K/AKT signaling to promote gastric epithelial cell proliferation, epithelization, and epithelial development. However, SULT2B1 deletion or SULT2B1 knockdown suppressed PI3K/AKT signaling, epithelial cell epithelization, and wound healing and induced gastric epithelial cell malignant transition upon 3-MCA induction. Conclusions The abundant SULT2B1 expression in normal gastric epithelium might maintain epithelial function via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and suppress gastric carcinogenesis induced by a carcinogenic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Hong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Fenghua Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Hua'shan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingjie Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dongke Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ziyan Zhuang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Baolin Niu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qianming Bai
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Centre, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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13
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TMEFF2 is a novel prognosis signature and target for endometrial carcinoma. Life Sci 2019; 243:116910. [PMID: 31610211 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Tomoregulin-2 (TMEFF2) is a single-pass transmembrane protein whose specific functions and mechanisms in endometrial carcinoma (EC) remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression, prognostic role, and potential regulatory mechanisms of TMEFF2 in EC. MATERIALS AND METHODS The expression and prognosis of TMEFF2 in EC were analyzed via bioinformatics and verified by immunohistochemistry and survival analysis. Proliferation, invasion, and migration of EC cells in vitro were assessed by cell functional assays, while epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers and key signaling pathway proteins were evaluated by western blotting. KEY FINDINGS The expression of TMEFF2 in EC was significantly higher than that in atypical hyperplasia and normal endometrium, the high expression of TMEFF2 was correlated with advanced stage, poor differentiation, and lymph node metastasis, and also predicted a poor prognosis of EC. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that TMEFF2 and its related genes were enriched in the central nervous system, cell adhesion, signal transduction, and several critical signaling pathways. We also elucidated TMEFF2 networks of kinase, microRNA, and transcription factor targets. In vitro, the proliferation, invasion, and migration abilities of EC cells decreased after TMEFF2 downregulation. Downregulation of TMEFF2 reduced the activation of MAPK and PI3K signaling pathways, and inhibited EMT. SIGNIFICANCE TMEFF2 plays an important role in the initiation, development, and malignant behavior of EC and can be a potential target for early diagnosis and treatment in EC.
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14
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Zhou S, Chen H, Yuan P, Shi N, Wang X, Hu J, Liu L. Helicobacter pylori infection promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of gastric cells by upregulating LAPTM4B. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 514:893-900. [PMID: 31084933 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection can lead to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the progression of gastric cancer (GC); however, the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. Lysosomal-associated protein transmembrane 4β (LAPTM4B) has been implicated in carcinogenesis, including in GC, and we previously showed that LAPTM4B-35 overexpression was an independent prognostic factor in GC. In this study, we demonstrate that upregulation of LAPTM4B promotes GES-1 human gastric epithelial cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and EMT. Conversely, LAPTM4B downregulation inhibited proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT in SGC7901 GC cells. We also found that H. pylori infection enhanced LAPTM4B expression and induced EMT in GES-1 cells. Thus, EMT in GC is promoted by a combination of LAPTM4B overexpression and H. pylori infection. These results provide a basis for the development of novel two-pronged therapeutic strategies for the treatment of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengfei Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Pathology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Peihua Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ning Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Binzhou Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Pathology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jinxia Hu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Luying Liu
- Department of Pathology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong Province, China.
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15
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Necula L, Matei L, Dragu D, Neagu AI, Mambet C, Nedeianu S, Bleotu C, Diaconu CC, Chivu-Economescu M. Recent advances in gastric cancer early diagnosis. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:2029-2044. [PMID: 31114131 PMCID: PMC6506585 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i17.2029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) remains an important cause of cancer death worldwide with a high mortality rate due to the fact that the majority of GC cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage when the prognosis is poor and the treatment options are limited. Unfortunately, the existing circulating biomarkers for GC diagnosis and prognosis display low sensitivity and specificity and the GC diagnosis is based only on the invasive procedures such as upper digestive endoscopy. There is a huge need for less invasive or non-invasive tests but also highly specific biomarkers in case of GC. Body fluids such as peripheral blood, urine or saliva, stomach wash/gastric juice could be a source of specific biomarkers, providing important data for screening and diagnosis in GC. This review summarized the recently discovered circulating molecules such as microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, circular RNAs, which hold the promise to develop new strategies for early diagnosis of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Necula
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Bucharest 030304, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine, Titu Maiorescu University, Bucharest 040441, Romania
| | - Lilia Matei
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Bucharest 030304, Romania
| | - Denisa Dragu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Bucharest 030304, Romania
| | - Ana I Neagu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Bucharest 030304, Romania
| | - Cristina Mambet
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Bucharest 030304, Romania
| | - Saviana Nedeianu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Bucharest 030304, Romania
| | - Coralia Bleotu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Bucharest 030304, Romania
| | - Carmen C Diaconu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Bucharest 030304, Romania
| | - Mihaela Chivu-Economescu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Bucharest 030304, Romania
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16
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Joo MK, Park JJ, Chun HJ. Proton pump inhibitor: The dual role in gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:2058-2070. [PMID: 31114133 PMCID: PMC6506576 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i17.2058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are one of the most frequently used medications for upper gastrointestinal diseases. However, a number of physicians have raised concern about the serious side effects of long-term use of PPIs, including the development of gastric cancer. Recent epidemiological studies have reported a significant association between long-term PPI intake and the risk of gastric cancer, even after successful Helicobacter pylori eradication. However, the effects of PPIs on the development of pre-malignant conditions such as atrophic gastritis or intestinal metaplasia are not fully known, suggesting the need for comprehensive and confirmative studies are needed in the future. Meanwhile, several experimental studies have demonstrated the effects of PPIs in reducing chemoresistance in gastric cancer cells by modulating the acidic microenvironment, cancer stemness and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway. The inhibitory effects of PPIs on STAT3 activity may overcome drug resistance and enhance the efficacy of conventional or targeted chemotherapeutic agents. Taken together, PPIs may “play dual role” in gastric carcinogenesis and treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Kyung Joo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine Guro Hospital, Seoul 08308, South Korea
| | - Jong-Jae Park
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine Guro Hospital, Seoul 08308, South Korea
| | - Hoon Jai Chun
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Digestive Disease and Nutrition, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, South Korea
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17
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Li K, Gu W, Xu J, Wang A, Han H. Expression of TMEFF2 in Human Pancreatic Cancer Tissue and the Effects of TMEFF2 Knockdown on Cell, Proliferation, and Apoptosis in Human Pancreatic Cell Lines. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:3238-3246. [PMID: 31044775 PMCID: PMC6510056 DOI: 10.12659/msm.913974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The TMEFF2 gene encodes the transmembrane protein with EGF like and two follistatin-like domains 2 and has been reported to be a tumor suppressor gene, but its role remains unknown in pancreatic cancer. This study aimed to investigate the expression of TMEFF2 in human pancreatic cancer tissue and the effects of knockdown of TMEFF2 on cell, proliferation, and apoptosis in human pancreatic cell lines. Material/Methods Thirty-five samples of human pancreatic tissue and adjacent normal pancreatic tissue, and five human pancreatic cancer cell lines, CAPAN1, ASPC1, BXPC3, SW1990, and CFPAC were studied. RNA expression, protein expression, cell proliferation, and apoptosis were studied using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blot, the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, and flow cytometry, respectively. A co-immunoprecipitation assay evaluated protein interactions. Results TMEFF2 expression was down-regulated in pancreatic cancer tissue compared with normal pancreas. In human pancreatic cancer cell lines, overexpression of TMEFF2 suppressed cell proliferation and enhanced apoptosis, suppressed the expression of p-STAT3, MCL1, VEGF and increased the expression of the tyrosine-specific protein phosphatase, SHP-1. The co-immunoprecipitation assay showed that TMEFF2 interacted with SHP-1. Knockdown of expression of TMEFF2 resulted in the increased expression of p-STAT3, MCL1, and VEGF, increased cell proliferation and decreased cell apoptosis, which were reversed by overexpression of SHP-1. Conclusions In pancreatic cancer, TMEFF2 exerted as a tumor suppressor effect by regulating p-STAT3, MCL1, and VEGF via SHP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailiang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Jilin Province Peoples' Hospital, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Wenjing Gu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Yancheng Third Peoples' Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Aikun Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Yancheng Third Peoples' Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Hongchao Han
- Department of General Surgery, Yancheng Third Peoples' Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
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18
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Han H, Xu J, Ji W, Wang L, Wang A. Upregulation of TMEFF2 is involved in the antiproliferative effects of vitamin C and tyrphostin AG490 on GES-1 and AGS cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 17:652-659. [PMID: 30655813 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane protein with epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like and two follistatin motifs 2 (TMEFF2) is downregulated in human gastric cancer, and its levels are associated with tumor aggressiveness. Herein, a positive correlation was identified between serum vitamin C levels (µg/ml) and mRNA levels of TMEFF2 in gastric cancer tissue. TMEFF2 silencing promotes cell proliferation in GES-1 normal human gastric epithelial cells and AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma cells. Notably, vitamin C and AG490 exerted antiproliferative effects on the two cell lines. The present study demonstrated that small interfering (si)-RNA-TMEFF2 exerts pro-proliferative effects on GES-1 and AGS cells. The results revealed that vitamin C significantly inhibited the growth of GES-1 and AGS cells by reducing cell viability, decreasing the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and blocking the STAT3 pathway. Moreover, siRNA-TMEFF2-induced enhanced cell viability and PCNA expression were significantly reversed by additional vitamin C treatment; notably, markedly enhanced TMEFF2 expression was observed. Upregulated TMEFF2 expression was observed in association with the antiproliferative effect of AG490. In conclusion, serum vitamin C content (µg/ml) was positively correlated with the mRNA levels of TMEFF2 in gastric cancer tissue. Exploring novel drugs that target TMEFF2 is a potential therapeutic strategy for blocking human GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchao Han
- Department of General Surgery, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224000, P.R. China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224000, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Ji
- Department of General Surgery, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224000, P.R. China
| | - Lisheng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224000, P.R. China
| | - Aikun Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224000, P.R. China
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Loss of ABCB4 attenuates the caspase-dependent apoptosis regulating resistance to 5-Fu in colorectal cancer. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20171428. [PMID: 29371412 PMCID: PMC5821943 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20171428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette (ABC) is a large group of proteins involved in material transportation, cellular homeostasis, and closely associated with chemoresistance. ATP-binding cassette protein B4 (ABCB4) is a member of ABCs which has a similar structure to ABCB1, but fewer researches were performed. The present study is aimed to investigate the putative mechanism of ABCB4 in 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) resistance. Then, we found that ABCB4 was significantly down-regulated in the 5-Fu resistant HCT8 cell lines by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot. The knockdown of ABCB4 by small interfering RNA decreased the apoptosis by 5-Fu in resistant HCT8R cell lines without influencing the proliferation. Also, we found a lower expression of cleaved caspase and PARP by Western blot after the knockdown of ABCB4. However, the knockdown of ABCB4 did not influence the proliferation and apoptosis. Furthermore, the histological detection of ABCB4 mRNA level in human colorectal cancer tissues and even in the recurrent tissues after 5-Fu single-agent chemotherapy was employed to provide more concrete evidence that ABCB4 may be a tumor suppressor gene to regulate chemoresistance in colorectal cancer. Moreover, a 109-patient cohort revealed that ABCB4 predicted a poor recurrence-free survival and overall survival. In summary, ABCB4 was down-regulated in the 5-Fu resistant cells and knockdown of ABCB4 alleviated the cell apoptosis and predicts a shorter recurrence-free survival and overall survival.
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20
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Lu R, Zhang YG, Sun J. STAT3 activation in infection and infection-associated cancer. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 451:80-87. [PMID: 28223148 PMCID: PMC5469714 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators for transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway plays crucial roles in regulating apoptosis, proliferation, differentiation, and the inflammatory response. The JAK/STAT families are composed of four JAK family members and seven STAT family members. STAT3 plays a key role in inducing and maintaining a pro-carcinogenic inflammatory microenvironment. Recent evidence suggests that STAT3 regulates diverse biological functions in pathogenesis of diseases, such as infection and cancer. In the current review, we will summarize the research progress of STAT3 activation in infection and cancers. We highlight our recent study on the novel role of STAT3 in Salmonella infection-associated colon cancer. Infection with bacterial AvrA-expressing Salmonella activates the STAT3 pathway, which induces the β-catenin signals and enhances colonic tumorigenesis. STAT3 may be a promising target in developing prevention and treatment for infectious diseases and infection-associated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Lu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yong-Guo Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jun Sun
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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21
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Yu T, Guo F, Yu Y, Sun T, Ma D, Han J, Qian Y, Kryczek I, Sun D, Nagarsheth N, Chen Y, Chen H, Hong J, Zou W, Fang JY. Fusobacterium nucleatum Promotes Chemoresistance to Colorectal Cancer by Modulating Autophagy. Cell 2017; 170:548-563.e16. [PMID: 28753429 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1239] [Impact Index Per Article: 177.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota are linked to chronic inflammation and carcinogenesis. Chemotherapy failure is the major cause of recurrence and poor prognosis in colorectal cancer patients. Here, we investigated the contribution of gut microbiota to chemoresistance in patients with colorectal cancer. We found that Fusobacterium (F.) nucleatum was abundant in colorectal cancer tissues in patients with recurrence post chemotherapy, and was associated with patient clinicopathological characterisitcs. Furthermore, our bioinformatic and functional studies demonstrated that F. nucleatum promoted colorectal cancer resistance to chemotherapy. Mechanistically, F. nucleatum targeted TLR4 and MYD88 innate immune signaling and specific microRNAs to activate the autophagy pathway and alter colorectal cancer chemotherapeutic response. Thus, F. nucleatum orchestrates a molecular network of the Toll-like receptor, microRNAs, and autophagy to clinically, biologically, and mechanistically control colorectal cancer chemoresistance. Measuring and targeting F. nucleatum and its associated pathway will yield valuable insight into clinical management and may ameliorate colorectal cancer patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- TaChung Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute,Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Fangfang Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute,Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Yanan Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute,Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Tiantian Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute,Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Dan Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute,Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Jixuan Han
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute,Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Yun Qian
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute,Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Ilona Kryczek
- Department of Surgery, the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Graduate programs in Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 48109
| | - Danfeng Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute,Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China; Department of Surgery, the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Graduate programs in Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 48109
| | - Nisha Nagarsheth
- Department of Surgery, the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Graduate programs in Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 48109
| | - Yingxuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute,Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China.
| | - Haoyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute,Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China.
| | - Jie Hong
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute,Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China.
| | - Weiping Zou
- Department of Surgery, the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Graduate programs in Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 48109.
| | - Jing-Yuan Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute,Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China.
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22
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Clarke MA, Luhn P, Gage JC, Bodelon C, Dunn ST, Walker J, Zuna R, Hewitt S, Killian JK, Yan L, Miller A, Schiffman M, Wentzensen N. Discovery and validation of candidate host DNA methylation markers for detection of cervical precancer and cancer. Int J Cancer 2017; 141:701-710. [PMID: 28500655 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) testing has been recently introduced as an alternative to cytology for cervical cancer screening. However, since most HPV infections clear without causing clinically relevant lesions, additional triage tests are required to identify women who are at high risk of developing cancer. We performed DNA methylation profiling on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue specimens from women with benign HPV16 infection and histologically confirmed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3, and cancer using a bead-based microarray covering 1,500 CpG sites in over 800 genes. Methylation levels in individual CpG sites were compared using a t-test, and results were summarized by computing p-values. A total of 12 candidate genes (ADCYAP1, ASCL1, ATP10, CADM1, DCC, DBC1, HS3ST2, MOS, MYOD1, SOX1, SOX17 and TMEFF2) identified by DNA methylation profiling, plus an additional three genes identified from the literature (EPB41L3, MAL and miR-124) were chosen for validation in an independent set of 167 liquid-based cytology specimens using pyrosequencing and targeted, next-generation bisulfite sequencing. Of the 15 candidate gene markers, 10 had an area under the curve (AUC) of ≥ 0.75 for discrimination of high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions or worse (HSIL+) from <HSIL cytology using at least one assay. Overall, SOX1, DCC, and EPB41L3 showed the best discrimination with AUC values of ≥0.80, irrespective of methylation detection assay. In addition to verifying candidate markers from the literature (e.g., SOX1 and EPB41L3), we identified novel markers that may be considered for detection of cervical precancer and cancer and warrant further validation in prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A Clarke
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Julia C Gage
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Clara Bodelon
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - S Terence Dunn
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Joan Walker
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Rosemary Zuna
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Stephen Hewitt
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - J Keith Killian
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | | | | | - Mark Schiffman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Nicolas Wentzensen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
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23
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Liu HY, Zhang CJ. Identification of differentially expressed genes and their upstream regulators in colorectal cancer. Cancer Gene Ther 2017; 24:244-250. [DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2017.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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24
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Corbin JM, Overcash RF, Wren JD, Coburn A, Tipton GJ, Ezzell JA, McNaughton KK, Fung KM, Kosanke SD, Ruiz-Echevarria MJ. Analysis of TMEFF2 allografts and transgenic mouse models reveals roles in prostate regeneration and cancer. Prostate 2016; 76:97-113. [PMID: 26417683 PMCID: PMC4722803 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous results from our lab indicate a tumor suppressor role for the transmembrane protein with epidermal growth factor and two follistatin motifs 2 (TMEFF2) in prostate cancer (PCa). Here, we further characterize this role and uncover new functions for TMEFF2 in cancer and adult prostate regeneration. METHODS The role of TMEFF2 was examined in PCa cells using Matrigel(TM) cultures and allograft models of PCa cells. In addition, we developed a transgenic mouse model that expresses TMEFF2 from a prostate specific promoter. Anatomical, histological, and metabolic characterizations of the transgenic mouse prostate were conducted. The effect of TMEFF2 in prostate regeneration was studied by analyzing branching morphogenesis in the TMEFF2-expressing mouse lobes and alterations in branching morphogenesis were correlated with the metabolomic profiles of the mouse lobes. The role of TMEFF2 in prostate tumorigenesis in whole animals was investigated by crossing the TMEFF2 transgenic mice with the TRAMP mouse model of PCa and analyzing the histopathological changes in the progeny. RESULTS Ectopic expression of TMEFF2 impairs growth of PCa cells in Matrigel or allograft models. Surprisingly, while TMEFF2 expression in the TRAMP mouse did not have a significant effect on the glandular prostate epithelial lesions, the double TRAMP/TMEFF2 transgenic mice displayed an increased incidence of neuroendocrine type tumors. In addition, TMEFF2 promoted increased branching specifically in the dorsal lobe of the prostate suggesting a potential role in developmental processes. These results correlated with data indicating an alteration in the metabolic profile of the dorsal lobe of the transgenic TMEFF2 mice. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our results confirm the tumor suppressor role of TMEFF2 and suggest that ectopic expression of TMEFF2 in mouse prostate leads to additional lobe-specific effects in prostate regeneration and tumorigenesis. This points to a complex and multifunctional role for TMEFF2 during PCa progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- JM. Corbin
- Department of Pathology, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center. Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - RF. Overcash
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - JD. Wren
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program. Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation. Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - A. Coburn
- Department of Comparative Medicine. East Carolina University. Greenville, NC, USA
| | - GJ. Tipton
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - JA. Ezzell
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - KK. McNaughton
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - KM Fung
- Department of Pathology, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center. Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Pathology, Oklahoma City Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - SD. Kosanke
- Department of Pathology, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center. Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - MJ Ruiz-Echevarria
- Department of Pathology, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center. Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center. Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Correspondence to: MJ. Ruiz-Echevarria, Associate Professor of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Stanton L. Young Biomedical Research Center, 975 N.E. 10th Street, Room 1368A, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104. Phone: (405) 271.1871; Fax: (405) 271.2141.
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