1
|
Ehrlich R. Selective mechanisms utilized by persistent and oncogenic viruses to interfere with antigen processing and presentation. Immunol Res 1995; 14:77-97. [PMID: 8530879 DOI: 10.1007/bf02918170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Cell-mediated immunity is effective against cells harboring active virus replication, and is critical for the elimination of ongoing infections, regression of virus-associated tumors, and reducing or preventing the reactivation of persistent viruses. The capacity of persistent and oncogenic viruses to maintain a long-term relationship with their host presupposes viral mechanisms for circumventing antiviral defenses. By suppressing the expression of molecules associated with antigen processing and presentation, viruses abrogate the major immune mechanism that deals with the elimination of infected and tumor cells. This is accomplished either by transcriptional downregulation of genes encoding class I MHC antigens, peptide transporter molecules, and the proteasome-associated LMP subunits, or by interfering with transport of class I molecules to the cell surface. In some cases viruses shut off the expression of most viral proteins during latency or express mainly nonimmunogenic or antagonistic peptide epitopes. This review describes selective mechanisms utilized by viruses for interference with antigen processing and presentation, and addresses their significance for in vivo viral persistence and tumor progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Ehrlich
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Transformation and Tumorigenesis Mediated by the Adenovirus E1A and E1B Oncogenes. INFECTIOUS AGENTS AND PATHOGENESIS 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-1100-1_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
3
|
Sawada Y, Rasková J, Fujinaga K, Raska K. Identification of functional domains of adenovirus tumor-specific transplantation antigen in types 5 and 12 by viable viruses carrying chimeric E1A genes. Int J Cancer 1994; 57:598-603. [PMID: 8181863 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910570426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The adenovirus (Ad) E1A gene induces in immunized animals a strong tumor transplantation (TSTA) immunity against Ad tumors. Such immunity with group-A and group-C viruses is highly group-specific and no cross-protection is detected between serotypes 5 and 12. This fact was used to map the domains of the Ad5 and Ad12 E1A gene products, respectively, which control the TSTA. We constructed a library of 8 recombinant viruses (H5sub1101 through H5sub1108) which carry chimeric Ad5/Ad12 E1A genes in the background of Ad5. The chimeric genes are functional and these viruses are viable. Some of these constructs induce strong and highly specific tumor syngraft immunity in immunized rats. The viruses carrying the 5' terminus of the first E1A exon derived from Ad12 (viruses H5sub1101, H5sub1102 and H5sub1103) induce strong protection against Ad12 tumors irrespective of the rest of their E1A sequence. The viruses which carry the second exon of the Ad5 E1A gene (viruses H5sub1101, H5sub1102 and H5sub1106) protect against group-C tumors, regardless of the origin of the rest of their E1A gene. The 2 viruses that carry the 5' E1A terminus of the first exon of Ad12 and the second exon of Ad5 (H5sub1101 and H5sub1102) are thus effective in inducing immunity against Ad12 tumors as well as against Ad2 tumors. The viruses which carry the 5' terminus of the first exon derived from Ad5 and the second exon of Ad12 (H5sub1107 and H5sub 1108) fail to induce immunity against either tumor. Expression of only the truncated 5' terminus of the Ad12 E1A gene (viruses H5sub1104 and H5sub1105) is sufficient for induction of Ad12 TSTA. Our results provide direct and unequivocal in vivo evidence that TSTA activities of adenovirus groups A and C are controlled by different domains of their respective E1A genes. The Ad12 TSTA is a function of the 5' terminus of the first E1A exon, while the Ad5 TSTA is coded for by the 3' exon of its E1A gene.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adenovirus E1A Proteins/genetics
- Adenoviruses, Human/genetics
- Adenoviruses, Human/immunology
- Animals
- Antigens, Neoplasm/physiology
- Antigens, Viral, Tumor/genetics
- Antigens, Viral, Tumor/physiology
- Chromosome Mapping
- DNA, Recombinant/genetics
- Exons
- Genes, Viral
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Neoplasms, Experimental/microbiology
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred Strains
- Transplantation Chimera
- Transplantation, Heterologous
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Sawada
- Department of Pathology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway 08854
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
McFadden G, Kane K. How DNA viruses perturb functional MHC expression to alter immune recognition. Adv Cancer Res 1994; 63:117-209. [PMID: 8036987 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-230x(08)60400-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G McFadden
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Urbanelli D, Sawada Y, Raskova J, Jones NC, Shenk T, Raska K. C-terminal domain of the adenovirus E1A oncogene product is required for induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and tumor-specific transplantation immunity. Virology 1989; 173:607-14. [PMID: 2531954 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(89)90572-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Adenovirus genes required for the elicitation of adenovirus group C-specific cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and for the induction of adenovirus-specific transplantation antigen (TSTA) were identified by immunization with a library of adenovirus mutants. The group C Ad-specific CTL response was elicited by immunization with wild-type adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) or with recombinant adenoviruses containing Ad5 E1A gene. The specific CTL response was also elicited by Ad5 virus constructs which express only the 12 S or 13 S E1A early mRNA, but not with viruses unable to express E1A protein sequences normally encoded by the E1A early messages. The induction of transplantation immunity against tumorigenic Ad-transformed cells was studied next. The product encoded by either 13 S and 12 S E1A mRNA alone was sufficient for strong TSTA activity. A series of viruses with mutations within the first exon of the E1A message also induced strong TSTA, while Ad5 mutants with lesions within the second exon failed to induce syngraft immunity. These results provide strong evidence that amino acid sequence encoded by the second exon of the Ad5 E1A message is required, either directly or indirectly, for the induction of both Ad-specific CTL and Ad TSTA.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adenovirus Early Proteins
- Adenoviruses, Human/genetics
- Adenoviruses, Human/immunology
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antigens, Neoplasm/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Antigens, Viral, Tumor/genetics
- Cell Line, Transformed
- Exons
- Histocompatibility Antigens/biosynthesis
- Histocompatibility Antigens/genetics
- Histocompatibility Antigens/immunology
- Humans
- Oncogene Proteins, Viral/genetics
- Precipitin Tests
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Viral/genetics
- Rats
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- Transplantation Immunology
- Virion/genetics
- Virion/immunology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Urbanelli
- Department of Pathology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway 08854
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ackrill AM, Blair GE. Nuclear proteins binding to an enhancer element of the major histocompatibility class I promoter: differences between highly oncogenic and nononcogenic adenovirus-transformed rat cells. Virology 1989; 172:643-6. [PMID: 2800342 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(89)90207-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Two major DNA-binding activities specific for the major histocompatibility (MHC) class I regulatory element (CRE) were detected in adenovirus (Ad)-transformed cells. One activity, term CRE1, had similar binding properties to a previously described positive-acting transcription factor specific for MHC class I genes termed H2TF1. The other activity, termed CRE2, bound to a region on the CRE separate from CRE1, and was present in Ad12, but not in Ad5-transformed cells. A CRE2-like activity was also present in non-adenovirus-transformed mouse L929 cells, indicating that CRE2 may be a cellular, rather than a viral, factor. The CRE2 activity did not correspond to any previously described transcription factor with a potential binding site in the CRE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M Ackrill
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Koike K, Hinrichs SH, Isselbacher KJ, Jay G. Transgenic mouse model for human gastric carcinoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1989; 86:5615-9. [PMID: 2546160 PMCID: PMC297673 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.86.14.5615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
To understand the pathogenesis that may be induced by human adenovirus type 12 (Ad12), we have generated transgenic mice carrying the Ad12 early region 1 under control of the mouse mammary tumor virus long terminal repeat. Eleven of 11 male founder mice, but only 2 of 12 females, died between 3 to 4 mo of age. Death was associated with presence of tumors at or near the squamocolumnar junction of the stomach. Microscopically, these multifocal tumors appeared to arise from hyperplastic epithelium and showed features consistent with adenocarcinoma or adenosquamous carcinoma. High levels of expression of both the Ad12 E1A and E1B genes were seen in the tumor-bearing stomach. Various levels of expression were also detected in other tissues, although the stomach was the only organ with detectable pathology. These observations suggest an organ-specific action of the Ad12 early region 1 gene products. This transgenic mouse model provides an experimental system for studying the development of human carcinomas at sites of transition from squamous to columnar epithelium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Koike
- Laboratory of Virology, Jerome H. Holland Laboratory, American Red Cross, Rockville, MD 20855
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ackrill AM, Blair GE. Expression of hamster MHC class I antigens in transformed cells and tumours induced by human adenoviruses. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER & CLINICAL ONCOLOGY 1988; 24:1745-50. [PMID: 3061828 DOI: 10.1016/0277-5379(88)90076-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The steady-state levels of hamster MHC class I mRNA and cell surface protein were analysed in cells transformed by either adenovirus type 12 (Ad12) or types 2 or 5 (Ad2 or Ad5). All cell lines were oncogenic in new born and adult hamsters. A great reduction in both class I mRNA and protein was observed in Ad12 transformed cells compared to cells transformed by Ad2 or Ad5. Analysis of class I mRNA in solid tumours induced in hamsters by Ad transformed cell lines also showed greatly reduced mRNA levels in tumours induced by Ad12 compared to those induced by Ad2 or Ad5. This suggests that, in the Ad transformed hamster cell system, reduction in the level of MHC class I gene expression is not necessarily associated with tumour formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M Ackrill
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leeds, U.K
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bellgrau D, Walker TA, Cook JL. Recognition of adenovirus E1A gene products on immortalized cell surfaces by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. J Virol 1988; 62:1513-9. [PMID: 2451753 PMCID: PMC253175 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.62.5.1513-1519.1988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The experiments described in this report were designed to examine whether target cells transfected with the adenovirus E1A gene and exhibiting increased susceptibility to lysis by natural killer cells and activated macrophages (J. L. Cook, T. A. Walker, A. M. Lewis, Jr., H. E. Ruley, F. L. Graham, and S. H. Pilder, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83:6965-6969, 1986) also express E1A proteins on their surfaces. MT1A, 12S, and 13S are strain Fischer baby rat kidney (BRK) cell lines immortalized by transfection with plasmids containing only the E1A gene of nononcogenic adenovirus. All of these cell lines were effective in stimulating the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in vitro, provided that the cultures were supplemented with an exogenous source of lymphokine and that the responding lymphocytes were from syngeneic Fischer rats previously immunized with a cell line containing the intact E1A gene. HrA2, a Fischer BRK cell line immortalized by transfection with a plasmid containing only exon 1 of the E1A gene, did not generate, nor was it lysed by, E1A-specific CTL. The cytolytic activity of E1A-specific CTL was blocked by antiserum from Fischer rats immunized with purified E1A proteins synthesized in Escherichia coli, supporting the conclusion that an epitope on E1A proteins encoded by the intact E1A gene constitutes part of the CTL target structure on adenovirus-transformed cells. These data suggest that in addition to their functions within host cells, E1A gene products are important immunogenic determinants on the surfaces of adenovirus-transformed cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Bellgrau
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver 80262
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
In vivo evolution of adenovirus 2-transformed cell virulence associated with altered E1A gene function. Virology 1988; 163:374-90. [PMID: 2965448 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(88)90278-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Neoplastic cell populations may evolve to a state of higher virulence in immunocompetent hosts. Transforming gene involvement in this process of tumor progression was evaluated using adenovirus type 2 (Ad2)-transformed hamster cells that are highly susceptible to destruction by natural killer cells and activated macrophages, due to Ad E1A gene function, and are nontumorigenic in immunocompetent animals. Cells selected for increased tumorigenicity retained parental cell patterns of viral gene integration and methylation and expressed Ad2 E1A proteins but exhibited altered E1A function evidenced by decreased susceptibility to killer cell-mediated lysis and inability to support E1A(-) mutant virus replication. The data suggest that an interruption in cellular pathways of E1A expression may result in increased transformed cell virulence.
Collapse
|
11
|
Blair Zajdel ME, Barker MD, Dixon SC, Blair GE. The use of monoclonal antibodies to study the proteins specified by the transforming region of human adenoviruses. Biochem J 1985; 225:649-55. [PMID: 3977852 PMCID: PMC1144640 DOI: 10.1042/bj2250649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies against two of the proteins specified by one of the transforming genes (early region 1B) of human adenovirus type 2 have been produced and characterized. Two clones (RA1 and PA6), generated by fusion of mouse myeloma NSO cells with splenocytes from rats immunized with whole-cell lysates of an adenovirus-transformed rat cell line (F19), secreted antibodies against a 58 kDa protein. Another clone (DC1) produced antibodies against the same protein, and resulted from fusion of immune rat splenocytes with the rat myeloma Y3.Ag.1.2.3. Immunoprecipitation studies showed that all three antibodies recognized [35S]-methionine-labelled 58 kDa protein, and phosphorylated derivatives of the 58 kDa protein labelled with [32P]orthophosphate present in infected human cells. One clone (EC3) produced antibody against a 19 kDa protein also encoded by early region 1B, but not sharing sequence homology with 58 kDa. The identity of the 19 kDa protein recognized by the EC3 antibody was established by immunoprecipitation from lysates of labelled-infected cells and from products of cell-free translation directed by mRNA isolated from adenovirus 2-infected cells. Indirect immunofluorescent-antibody staining of infected human cells using the RA1 and EC3 antibodies revealed a nuclear location of the 58 kDa protein and a mainly cytoplasmic location of the 19 kDa protein.
Collapse
|
12
|
Bernards R, de Leeuw MG, Vaessen MJ, Houweling A, van der Eb AJ. Oncogenicity by adenovirus is not determined by the transforming region only. J Virol 1984; 50:847-53. [PMID: 6328015 PMCID: PMC255745 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.50.3.847-853.1984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We have constructed a nondefective recombinant virus between the nononcogenic adenovirus 5 (Ad5) and the highly oncogenic Ad12. The recombinant genome consists essentially of Ad5 sequences, with the exception of the transforming early region 1 (E1) which is derived from Ad12. HeLa cells infected with the recombinant virus were shown to contain the Ad12-specific E1 proteins of 41 kilodaltons (E1a) and 19 and 54 kilodaltons (both encoded by E1b). The recombinant virus replicated efficiently in human embryonic kidney cells and HeLa cells, showing that the transforming regions of Ad5 and Ad12 had similar functions in productive infection. After the recombinant virus was injected into newborn hamsters, no tumors were produced during an observation period of 200 days. Thus, despite the fact that all products required for oncogenic transformation in vitro were derived from the highly oncogenic Ad12, the recombinant virus did not produce tumors in vivo. These data show that tumor induction by adenovirus virions is not determined only by the gene products of the transforming region.
Collapse
|
13
|
Frolova EI, Zalmanzon ES. A study of viral genomes in cells transformed by the nononcogenic human adenovirus type 5 and highly oncogenic bovine adenovirus type 3. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1984; 111:65-89. [PMID: 6488880 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-69549-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
14
|
Lewis AM, Cook JL. The interface between adenovirus-transformed cells and cellular immune response in the challenged host. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1984; 110:1-22. [PMID: 6478854 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-46494-2_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
15
|
Bernards R, Vaessen MJ, Van der Eb AJ, Sussenbach JS. Construction and characterization of an adenovirus type 5/adenovirus type 12 recombinant virus. Virology 1983; 131:30-8. [PMID: 6649414 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(83)90530-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We have constructed an adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) recombinant virus in which the early region 1b (E1b) of the nononcogenic Ad5 is replaced by the E1b region of the highly oncogenic Ad12. Analysis of cells lytically infected with the recombinant virus showed that both the Ad5 E1a genes and the Ad12 E1b genes are faithfully expressed. The recombinant virus replicates efficiently in human embryonic kidney cells and in HeLa cells, indicating that the Ad12 E1b region can fully replace the Ad5 E1b region in lytic infection. Inoculation of the Ad5/Ad12 hybrid virus into newborn hamsters did not result in development of tumors. This shows that the E1b region of Ad12, previously shown to be responsible for the high oncogenic potential of Ad12-transformed cells in nude mice is not capable of converting the nononcogenic Ad5 into an oncogenic virus.
Collapse
|
16
|
Bernards R, Schrier PI, Bos JL, Van der Eb AJ. Role of adenovirus types 5 and 12 early region 1b tumor antigens in oncogenic transformation. Virology 1983; 127:45-53. [PMID: 6858003 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(83)90369-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Recently we have reported that the difference in oncogenic potential between adenovirus type 5 (Ad5)-and Ad12-transformed cells in athymic nude mice is specified by early region 1b. In order to determine which of the two early region 1b (E1b) tumor antigens is responsible for the observed difference in oncogenicity we have constructed two Ad5/Ad12 hybrid plasmids: one allowing expression of the Ad5 19kD and Ad12 54kD E1b proteins, the other of the Ad5 58kD plus Ad12 19kD E1b polypeptides. Both hybrid plasmids contain the intact E1a regions of both serotypes. The chimeric plasmids were used to transform primary cultures of baby rat kidney cells and the resulting transformed cells were tested for oncogenicity in athymic nude mice. It was found that the degree of oncogenicity is determined by the identity of the large E1b tumor antigen. Studies with cells transformed by an Ad12 region E1 plasmid in which the gene coding for the 19kD tumor antigen was mutated showed that expression of this protein is nevertheless required for manifestations of the oncogenic phenotype of the transformed cell.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adenoviruses, Human/genetics
- Adenoviruses, Human/immunology
- Animals
- Antigens, Neoplasm/analysis
- Antigens, Viral/analysis
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
- Cell Transformation, Viral
- Cells, Cultured
- Chimera
- DNA, Viral/analysis
- Kidney
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Plasmids
- RNA, Viral/analysis
- Rats
Collapse
|
17
|
Zalmanzon ES, Vinkele RA, Grigoryeva LV, Turetskaya RL. A study of rat embryo cells transformed in vitro by the bovine adenovirus type 3 (BAV-3) DNA before and after a passage in the host. Virology 1982; 123:420-35. [PMID: 6294984 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(82)90274-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
18
|
Raska K, Gallimore PH. An inverse relation of the oncogenic potential of adenovirus-transformed cells and their sensitivity to killing by syngeneic natural killer cells. Virology 1982; 123:8-18. [PMID: 7147716 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(82)90290-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
19
|
Gallimore PH, Williams J. An examination of adenovirus type 5 mutants for their ability to induce group C adenovirus tumor-specific transplantation antigenicity in rats. Virology 1982; 120:146-56. [PMID: 6285594 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(82)90013-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
20
|
Raska K, Dougherty J, Gallimore PH. Product of adenovirus type 2 early gene block E1 in transformed cells elicits cytolytic response in syngeneic rats. Virology 1982; 117:530-5. [PMID: 7039092 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(82)90495-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
21
|
Chowdhury K, Meltzer ML, Israel MA. Stability of polyoma DNA sequences and virus-coded proteins during tumor formation. J Virol 1982; 41:1000-6. [PMID: 6284956 PMCID: PMC256837 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.41.3.1000-1006.1982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
To determine the stability of polyoma viral DNA in transformed rat cells during their growth in vivo, we compared the state and arrangement of polyoma virus DNA sequences in virus-transformed rat cell lines before and after their passage in vivo. In cell lines from 12 independent tumors induced by the inoculation of animals with three different transformed cell lines, we could detect no significant changes in the arrangement of viral DNA sequences associated with the in vivo passage of these cell lines. In 13 of 14 tumor cell lines examined, the pattern of polyoma virus tumor antigens, characterized by the presence of the polyoma virus large, middle, and small tumor antigens, was unchanged.
Collapse
|
22
|
Lewis AM, Cook JL, Kirkpatrick CH, Rabson AS. The implications of the different tumor-inducing capacities of adenovirus 2 and SV40 transformed hamster cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1981; 134:433-43. [PMID: 6261545 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4757-0495-2_38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
23
|
Paraskeva C, Gallimore PH. Tumorigenicity and in vitro characteristics of rat liver epithelial cells and their adenovirus-transformed derivatives. Int J Cancer 1980; 25:631-9. [PMID: 6989767 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910250513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cloned and uncloned epithelial cultures were established from the liver of a 3-week-old AS rat. These epithelial cultures were neither tumorigenic nor did they display anchorage-independent growth. One of the clones was cytogenetically normal after 53 in vitro passages (approximately 200 population doublings after cloning). Eight transformed lines were isolated from the liver epithelial cells after infection with adenovirus type 12 (Ad-12). Five of these produced typical Ad12 T-antigen, whereas three appeared to be T-antigen-negative. All were tumorigenic in newborn syngeneic rats. The T-antigen-positive transformed lines produced anaplastic-epithelial tumors, whereas the T-antigen-negative transformed lines produced adenocarcinomas. Although all the transformed lines were tumorigenic, some were fibronectin-positive while others produced no detectable fibronectin. The normal (untransformed) epithelial cells produced fibronectin. These results are interesting for two reasons: (1) there are relatively few reports of fibronectin on epithelial cells and (2) they emphasize the view that there is no absolute correlation between reduced fibronectin and tumorigenicity in transformed cells. The transformed lines displayed in vitro characteristics similar to those of transformants derived from embryonic and fibroblastic cell strains, notably, increased saturation density and changes in cellular morphology. Some of the transformed cell lines, but not all, displayed anchorage-independent growth. All the transformed cell lines were picked from multi-layered foci so that morphological criteria (i.e. piling-up focus) for isolating transformants from the epithelial cultures were similar as in embryonic and fibroblastic transforming cell systems. With the new cell system we have developed we can, using the same epithelial cell line (clone C3), study both virus transformation and virus mutagenesis.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/immunology
- Adenocarcinoma/pathology
- Adenoviridae
- Animals
- Antigens, Neoplasm
- Antigens, Viral
- Carcinoma/immunology
- Carcinoma/pathology
- Cell Transformation, Viral
- Cells, Cultured
- Chromosome Banding
- Clone Cells
- Epithelial Cells
- Fibronectins/biosynthesis
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Liver/cytology
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Microscopy, Electron
- Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred Strains
- Transplantation, Isogeneic
Collapse
|
24
|
Gallimore PH, McDougall JK, Chen LB. Malignant behaviour of three adenovirus-2-transformed brain cell lines and their methyl cellulose-selected sub-clones. Int J Cancer 1979; 24:477-84. [PMID: 393638 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910240416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Three adenovirus-2-transformed rat embryo brain cell lines and their methylcellulose-selected sub-clones were examined for fibronectin expression, anchorage-independent growth, saturation density, T antigen expression and morphology. Tumorigenicity studies were carried out on newborn and ATS immunosuppressed syngeneic rats and congenitally athymic nude mice. With one exception the methylcellulose sub-clones contained significantly fewer fibronectin-positive cells than the parent lines; a number of sub-clones contained no fibronectin-positive cells. Methylcellulose selection did not always alter cell morphology, saturation density or anchorage-independent growth as compared with parent lines. However, the methylcellulose sub-clones were considerably more malignant than the parent cell lines as measured by invasion and metastasis in nude mice. No in vitro characteristic correlated with malignant behaviour.
Collapse
|
25
|
Saxholm HJ. The oncogenic potential of three different 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene transformed C3H/10T1/2 cell clones at various passages and the importance of the mode of immunosuppression. Eur J Cancer 1979; 15:515-26. [PMID: 108108 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2964(79)90087-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
26
|
Van der Eb AJ, Mulder C, Graham FL, Houweling A. Transformation with specific fragments of adenovirus DNAs. I. Isolation of specific fragments with transforming activity of adenovirus 2 and 5 DNA. Gene 1977; 2:115-32. [PMID: 608590 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(77)90012-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
27
|
Gallimore PH, McDougall JK, Chen LB. In vitro traits of adenovirus-transformed cell lines and their relevance to tumorigenicity in nude mice. Cell 1977; 10:669-78. [PMID: 862025 DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(77)90100-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Six independently isolated adenovirus 2-transformed rat cell lines and one adenovirus 5-transformed human cell line have been examined in vitro for serum growth requirements, saturation density, anchorage-independent growth, proteolytic enzyme activity and the presence of LETS glycoprotein and T antigen. This series of adenovirus-transformed cell lines exhibits an oncogeni spectrum ranging from being tumorigenic in immunocompetent rats through to nontumorigenic in adult nude mice. The relevance of the in vitro findings to growth potential in vivo is discussed.
Collapse
|
28
|
Chen LB, Gallimore PH, McDougall JK. Correlation between tumor induction and the large external transformation sensitive protein on the cell surface. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1976; 73:3570-4. [PMID: 1068469 PMCID: PMC431159 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.73.10.3570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The distribution on the cell surface of the large external LETS protein that is transformation sensitive of normal, transformed and tumorigenic cells was examined by immunofluorescent staining. A correlation was established between the expression of fibril-like LETS protein and the oncogenic capabilities of a series of adenovirus-transformed cell lines. In cells expressing a transformed phenotype in vitro, LETS protein is only detected in cell-cell contact areas, wheras in "untransformed" cells LETS protein is distributed over the cell surface. Transformed cells capable of inducing invasive tumors, and the cells of established tumor lines, have low or undetectable levels of LETS protein, as measured by this method. The results indicate that LETS protein has a role in cell-cell adhesion and that reduced expression of this protein at the cell surface is related to the oncogenic phenotype. This relationship has been established for experimentally induced and spontaneous tumors.
Collapse
|
29
|
Harnden DG. Viruses, Nucleic Acids, and Cancer. Ann Clin Biochem 1976. [DOI: 10.1177/000456327601300143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. G. Harnden
- Department of Cancer Studies, Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TJ
| |
Collapse
|