1
|
Wultsch G, Nersesyan A, Kundi M, Fenech M, Eibensteiner F, Mišík M, Krupitza G, Ferk F, Knasmüller S. Use of micronucleus cytome assays with buccal cells for the detection of genotoxic effects: a systematic review and meta-analysis of occupational exposures to metals. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2024:108510. [PMID: 39004337 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2024.108510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Micronucleus (MN) assays with buccal cells are at present widely used to investigate occupational exposures to genotoxic carcinogens. This article describes their use for the monitoring of metal exposed workers. We found in total 73 relevant articles, in the majority (97%) increased MN and/or other nuclear anomalies were reported. Most studies were realized in South East Asia and South America. A variety of different occupations was studied including welders, electroplaters, painters, workers in battery recycling and production, tannery workers, dental technicians, miners, workers in foundries and smelters, and also subjects working in waste recycling, glass, aluminum and steel production. In many investigations the effects increased with the duration of the working period. The quality of individual studies was evaluated with a quality score tool. The number of cells was in most studies sufficient and DNA-specific stains were used. However, many studies have shortcomings, e.g. they focused solely on MN formation and did not evaluate anomalies, which provide additional information about the stability of the genetic material and acute cytotoxic effects. Only 35% of the investigations contain quantitative information about exposures to metals and other toxicants. In 6 of these studies, correlations were observed between the concentrations of specific metals (As, Pb, Cr, Cd) in body fluids and MN frequencies. Taken together, the available data indicate that the MN assay can be used to detect chromosomal damage in metal exposed groups; furthermore, it enables also comparisons between subgroups differing in regard to their exposure and allows an estimation of the efficiency of protective measures. The exposure of workers to metals is currently controlled with chemical analytical measurements only, MN assays with buccal cells could contribute to further improve the safety at workplaces as they reflect the biological consequences including synergistic and antagonistic interactions between toxicants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Armen Nersesyan
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Kundi
- Center for Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Fenech
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Florian Eibensteiner
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Miroslav Mišík
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Krupitza
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Franziska Ferk
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Siegfried Knasmüller
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ayres LCG, Dos Santos MAL, da Mota Santana LA, Avanci LDS, Souza DVD, Lima BNS, Soares AF, Sousa SFD, Trento CL, Ribeiro DA, Takeshita WM. Comparative evaluation of mutagenic effects of two cone-beam computed tomography in oral mucosa cells. Diagn Cytopathol 2023; 51:729-734. [PMID: 37533363 DOI: 10.1002/dc.25206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This pilot study aimed to evaluate the mutagenic effects in cells of the oral mucosa after exposure to two different cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). METHODS Eighteen adults were submitted to the different CBCT (Carestream CS8100 3D and I-CAT). The cells were collected immediately before the CBCT exposure and 10 days later, when the material was placed on a slide and stained using the Feulgen/Fast Green technique. Microscopic analysis counted micronuclei and other nuclear alterations, which are indicative of cytotoxicity such as pyknosis, karyolysis, karyorrhexis, and binucletion. 2000 cells were analyzed. The statistical analysis was performed with the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test to compare the frequency of cellular alterations, and the Mann-Whitney U test to compare different CBCTs, both with a significance level of 5%. RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference in the micronucleated cell count before and after the exposition to the ionizing radiation from I-CAT (p = .298) and CS8100 3D (p = .203) A significate increase of pyknosis (p < .001), karyolysis (p < .001), karyorrhexis (p < .001), and binucletion (p < .001) were noted on I-CAT CBCT. There was no statistically significant difference in cellular alterations in CS8100 3D CBCT. CONCLUSION Despite the increase in micronuclei after exposure, this study indicates that there is no evidence of genotoxicity. On the other hand, the I-CAT CBCT produced cytotoxic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Daniel Vitor de Souza
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, Brazil
| | | | | | - Sílvia Ferreira de Sousa
- Oral Surgery and Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel Araki Ribeiro
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, Brazil
| | - Wilton Mitsunari Takeshita
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bolognesi C, Bruzzone M, Ceppi M, Marcon F. Micronuclei and upper body cancers (head, neck, breast cancers) a systematic review and meta-analysis. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2021; 787:108358. [PMID: 34083052 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2020.108358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A systematic review and a meta-analysis were performed on 19 studies on head and neck cancer (HNC) and 21 studies on breast cancer (BC) to evaluate the application of micronucleus (MN) assay as a predictive and prognostic test for cancer risk. In these studies the MN test was applied in peripheral lymphocytes and buccal cells of patients and healthy subjects with family history of cancer. The meta-analysis on MN applied in buccal cells of HNC patients was performed on two subgroups of studies. A significant increase of MN frequency in patients compared to healthy controls was observed for the subgroup on oral cancer (243 cases/370 controls, meta-MR = 4.71 95 %CI:2.75-8.06) and HNC (204 patients/163 controls metaMR=2.28 95 %CI:2.02-2.58). A metaMR = 3.27 (95 %CI:1.41-7.59) was obtained for MN applied in peripheral lymphocytes on HNC (160 cases/160 controls). For BC, the analysis of MN in peripheral lymphocytes showed significantly higher values in patients (n = 761) than in controls (n = 788) (meta-MR1.90 95 % CI:1.44-2.49). No statistically significant increase of baseline MN was detected in studies on groups of healthy subjects with BC family history (n = 224) or with BRCA1/2 mutations (n = 101) with respect to the controls. After ex-vivo challenge with ionizing radiation, the meta-analysis revealed a slightly statistically significant increase in MN only in BC patients (n = 614) compared to controls (n = 622)(meta-MR = 1.11 95 %CI:1.02-1.21); no increase was observed in healthy subjects with BC family history carrying or not BRCA1/2 mutations. Significant difference between BC patients (n = 183) and controls (n = 165) was observed by the meta-analysis of data on MN in buccal cells (MR = 3.89 95 %CI:1.54-9.78). The MN assay in buccal cells has some perspective of clinical application in HNC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Bolognesi
- Environmental Carcinogenesis Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Marco Bruzzone
- Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16131 Genoa, Italy
| | - Marcello Ceppi
- Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16131 Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesca Marcon
- Dept. Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Assiri K, Hameed MS, Dawasaz AA, Alamoudi E, Asiri AM, Hitesh V, Ajmal M. Correlation of Buccal Micronucleus with Disease Activity Score Using Buccal Micronucleus Cytome Analysis (BMCA) in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Indian J Dermatol 2020; 65:265-268. [PMID: 32831365 PMCID: PMC7423229 DOI: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_620_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A disease activity score obtained by using systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI) has traditionally been a reliable method to assess the SLE status of patients. More recently, a buccal micronucleus cytome assay (BMCA) has been developed for use as a biomarker of DNA damage in patients with SLE. There has been a very limited number of studies pertaining to the oral lesions in Arab population suffering from SLE in Asir region. Hence, it became utmost important to study epidemiological data of oral mucosal lesions in SLE patients. Distribution of oral lesions in SLE patients could also be helpful in better management of oral complications. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the existence of a correlation between SLEDAI score and the degree of micronuclei (MN) formation using BMCA. Materials and Methods: After thorough oral examination of adult Saudi SLE patients of Asir hospital and that of healthy control subjects, the subjects underwent BMCA from normal unaffected bilateral buccal mucosae. Results: Pearson's correlation test showed that MN count did not significantly correlate with either disease activity or duration of SLE. Conclusions: Controlled state SLE does not lead to a significant increase in MN formation. Thus, the occurrence of premalignant lesions in the oral cavity could be minimized using proper management protocols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khalil Assiri
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences and Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Shahul Hameed
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences and Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Azhar Dawasaz
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences and Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Alamoudi
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences and Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Vij Hitesh
- Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, USA
| | - Muhammed Ajmal
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences and Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
DehghanNezhad M, Jalayer Naderi N, Semyari H. Micronucleus Assay of Buccal Mucosa Cells in Waterpipe (Hookah) Smokers: A Cytologic Study. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 15:75-80. [PMID: 32215022 DOI: 10.30699/ijp.2020.101701.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background & Objective Micronucleus assay of buccal mucosa cells is a simple bio- monitoring method for diagnosing the genetic damages of toxic agents. The aim was to study the genotoxic effect of waterpipe smoking on buccal mucosa cells using micronucleus assay. Methods This was a case control. A total of 30 male waterpipe smokers and 30 non-smokers were included in the study. The exfoliated buccal mucosa cells were scrapped using wooden spatula and were spread over glass slides. The mean number of micronuclei was determined using Feulgen-stained slides. The number of micronuclei per 1000 cells was calculated and compared between the two groups of smokers and non-smokers. Results The mean number of micronuclei in waterpipe smokers and non-smokers was 1.94±0.39 and 1.68±0.35, respectively. The micronuclei count in waterpipe smokers was significantly higher than non-smokers (P=0). The difference between the number of waterpipe smoking and micronuclei count was significantly different (P=0). Conclusion The mean number of micronuclei in buccal mucosa cells of waterpipe smokers was significantly higher than non-smokers. The genotoxicity effect of waterpipe was dose-dependent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hassan Semyari
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahed University
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Venugopal V, Krishnamoorthy M, Venkatesan V, Jaganathan V, Shanmugam R, Kanagaraj K, Paul SFD. Association between occupational heat stress and DNA damage in lymphocytes of workers exposed to hot working environments in a steel industry in Southern India. Temperature (Austin) 2020; 6:346-359. [PMID: 31934606 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2019.1632144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Occupational heat stress apart from adverse heat-related health consequences also induces DNA damage in workers exposed to high working temperatures. We investigated the association between chronic heat exposures and Micronuclei (MN) frequency in lymphocytes of 120 workers employed in the steel industry. There was a significant increase in the MN-frequency in exposed workers compared to the unexposed workers (X2 = 47.1; p < 0.0001). While exposed workers had higher risk of DNA damage (Adj. OR = 23.3, 95% CI 8.0-70.8) compared to the unexposed workers, among the exposed workers, the odds of DNA damage was much higher for the workers exposed to high-heat levels (Adj. OR = 81.4; 95% CI 21.3-310.1) even after adjusting for confounders. For exposed workers, years of exposure to heat also had a significant association with higher induction of MN (Adj. OR = 29.7; 95% CI 2.8-315.5). Exposures to chronic heat stress is a significant occupational health risk including damages in sub-cellular level, for workers. Developing protective interventions to reduce heat exposures is imperative in the rising temperature scenario to protect millions of workers across the globe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vidhya Venugopal
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research (DU)
| | - Manikandan Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research (DU)
| | - Vettriselvi Venkatesan
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research (DU), Chennai, India
| | - Vijayalakshmi Jaganathan
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research (DU), Chennai, India
| | - Rekha Shanmugam
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research (DU)
| | - Karthik Kanagaraj
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research (DU), Chennai, India
| | - Solomon F D Paul
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research (DU), Chennai, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
|
8
|
Bonassi S, Fenech M. Micronuclei and Their Association with Infertility, Pregnancy Complications, Developmental Defects, Anaemias, Inflammation, Diabetes, Chronic Kidney Disease, Obesity, Cardiovascular Disease, Neurodegenerative Diseases and Cancer. THE MICRONUCLEUS ASSAY IN TOXICOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/9781788013604-00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Micronuclei (MN) are a strong cytogenetic indicator of a catastrophic change in the genetic structure and stability of a cell because they originate from either chromosome breaks or whole chromosomes that have been lost from the main nucleus during cell division. The resulting genetic abnormalities can to lead to cellular malfunction, altered gene expression and impaired regenerative capacity. Furthermore, MN are increased as a consequence of genetic defects in DNA repair, deficiency in micronutrients required for DNA replication and repair and exposure to genotoxic chemicals and ultraviolet or ionising radiation. For all of these reasons, the measurement of MN has become one of the best-established methods to measure DNA damage in humans at the cytogenetic level. This chapter is a narrative review of the current evidence for the association of increased MN frequency with developmental and degenerative diseases. In addition, important knowledge gaps are identified, and recommendations for future studies required to consolidate the evidence are provided. The great majority of published studies show a significant association of increased MN in lymphocytes and/or buccal cells with infertility, pregnancy complications, developmental defects, anaemias, inflammation, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. However, the strongest evidence is from prospective studies showing that MN frequency in lymphocytes predicts cancer risk and cardiovascular disease mortality.
Collapse
|
9
|
Benvindo-Souz M, Borges RE, Pacheco SM, Santos LRDS. Micronucleus and other nuclear abnormalities in exfoliated cells of buccal mucosa of bats at different trophic levels. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 172:120-127. [PMID: 30690342 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The micronucleus (MN) test in exfoliated cells of the buccal mucosa is a relatively non-invasive method for the monitoring of populations exposed to genotoxic risks. In this study, the MN test was used as bats conservation strategy. The highest frequencies of micronuclei were recorded in the frugivorous bats sampled in both urban and agricultural environments, as well as in insectivorous bats from the urban zone. Female of this group (insectivorous) presented higher frequency of MN when compared to males. Other guilds showed no difference in gender assessments in each environment, as well as in the correlation between weight and MN. In addition to micronuclei, a number of other types of nuclear abnormality were recorded, including binucleated cells and karyolysis in the frugivores from the agricultural environment. Binucleated cells were also relatively common in urban frugivores and insectivores, and karyolysis was common in insectivores. Nectarivorous bats did not exhibit a significant increase in any type of nuclear abnormality in either environment. In summary, study results indicate that buccal mucosa of bats is a sensitive site for detecting micronuclei and other nuclear abnormalities. However, more research is needed to indicate whether xenobiotic agents are affecting this cellular integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Susi Missel Pacheco
- Research Department, Institute Sauver and PCM Brazil, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pal P, Raychowdhury R, Basu S, Gure PK, Das S, Halder A. Cytogenetic and micronuclei study of human papillomavirus-related oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2018; 22:335-340. [PMID: 30651677 PMCID: PMC6306614 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_269_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association of human papilloma viral infection in oral squamous cell carcinoma is well studied in the Western countries, but its correlation with DNA damage in the form of micronuclei (MN) formation, ceased apoptosis or presence of chromosomal abnormalities has not yet been studied. AIM The aim of this study is to find any possible correlation between human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cytogenetic damage in the oral malignant and premalignant population of West Bengal. SETTINGS AND DESIGN A total of 104 malignant and 103 premalignant cases were selected along with 200 controls. METHODS The buccal smear samples were Pap stained for the detection of MN, apoptosis frequency and koilocytes. The buccal swab samples were processed for DNA extraction followed by polymerase chain reaction for the detection of HPV DNA. The peripheral venous blood samples were processed for the detection of any chromosomal abnormality, by the method of human leukocyte culture followed by Giemsa staining. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED Correlation analysis using GraphPad Prism software was used in this study. RESULTS About 34.6%, 42.3% and 6.73% of malignant and 6.79%, 3.88% and 20.38% of premalignant cases showed the presence of HPV DNA, koilocytes and apoptosis, respectively. The difference between the MN frequencies of premalignant and malignant oral lesions with the control group is significant with respect to various risk factors (P < 0.05). One percentage of malignant cases showed the presence of chromosomal break. CONCLUSION A considerable percentage of malignant cases showing the presence of koilocytes and viral DNA may indicate the effect of HPV infection leading to the malignancy, which can be correlated with the MN and apoptosis frequency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pritha Pal
- Department of Genetics, Vivekananda Institute of Medical Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Seva Pratishthan, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Ranjan Raychowdhury
- Department of Otolaryngology, Vivekananda Institute of Medical Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Seva Pratishthan, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhasis Basu
- Department of Pathology, Vivekananda Institute of Medical Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Seva Pratishthan, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Prasanta Kumar Gure
- Department of Otolaryngology, R. G. Kar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Suman Das
- Department of Oral Maxillo Facial and Surgery, Vivekananda Institute of Medical Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Seva Pratishthan, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Ajanta Halder
- Department of Genetics, Vivekananda Institute of Medical Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Seva Pratishthan, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Benvindo-Souza M, Assis RA, Oliveira EAS, Borges RE, Santos LRDS. The micronucleus test for the oral mucosa: global trends and new questions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:27724-27730. [PMID: 29152700 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0727-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study reviews global trends in the publication of papers on the micronucleus test of the exfoliated cells of the oral mucosa in mammals as an approach for environmental biomonitoring. This test has been widely used due to its precision for the detection of chromosome damage. Our temporal analysis showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the publication of papers on the oral mucosa over the past 33 years. Brazil was the country that published most papers (24% of the total), followed by India (16%), the USA (10%), Mexico (7%), and Turkey (6%). A further 30 countries contributed the other 37% of the papers. Overall, 99% of the micronucleus studies involved human subjects, and only 1% involved other mammals. As many wild mammals are subject to the same environmental pressures as humans, in particular chemical pollution, it seems likely that many species are equally susceptible to genotoxicogical damage. We emphasize the importance of applying this technique to the analysis of the oral mucosa of wild mammals, as well as the evaluation of its effectiveness, as observed in humans, and the expansion of the available approaches to the monitoring of environmental quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelino Benvindo-Souza
- Laboratório de Biologia Animal, Instituto Federal Goiano, IF Goiano, Rodovia Sul Goiana, Km 01, Zona Rural, Rio Verde, GO, CEP 75.901-970, Brazil
| | - Rhayane Alves Assis
- Laboratório de Biologia Animal, Instituto Federal Goiano, IF Goiano, Rodovia Sul Goiana, Km 01, Zona Rural, Rio Verde, GO, CEP 75.901-970, Brazil
| | - Eliane Andreia Santos Oliveira
- Laboratório de Biologia Animal, Instituto Federal Goiano, IF Goiano, Rodovia Sul Goiana, Km 01, Zona Rural, Rio Verde, GO, CEP 75.901-970, Brazil
| | - Rinneu Elias Borges
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Rio Verde, UniRV, Fazenda Fontes do Saber, Rio Verde, GO, CEP: 75.901-970, Brazil
| | - Lia Raquel de Souza Santos
- Laboratório de Biologia Animal, Instituto Federal Goiano, IF Goiano, Rodovia Sul Goiana, Km 01, Zona Rural, Rio Verde, GO, CEP 75.901-970, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rana SVS, Verma Y, Singh GD. Assessment of genotoxicity amongst smokers, alcoholics, and tobacco chewers of North India using micronucleus assay and urinary 8-hydroxyl-2'-deoxyguanosine, as biomarkers. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2017; 189:391. [PMID: 28702879 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-017-6103-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of the present study was to screen the genotoxicity caused by individual and combined habits of smoking, tobacco chewing, and alcohol consumption in human population of North India. Study recruited 67 male subjects aged 25 to 65 years. Buccal mucosal cells were subjected to micronucleus (MN) assay, and 8-hydroxyl-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was estimated in their urine samples. Number and shape of the MN cells varied in the buccal epithelium of different groups. Maximum number of MN (0.47%) were found in tobacco chewers followed by smokers (0.45%) and alcoholics (0.44%) (P < 0.05). These results reciprocated the concentration of urinary 8-OHdG. Maximum value for 8-OHdG was also recorded in tobacco chewers (21.07 ± 5.51 mg/mg creatinine) followed by smokers (20.25 ± 3.96 mg/mg creatinine) and alcoholics (19.06 ± 3.41 mg/mg creatinine) (P < 0.05). Combined effects of these agents were found to be statistically different from individual effects. Carcinogenic compounds present in cigarette smoke, nitrosamines found in solid tobacco, and acetaldehyde, a metabolic product of alcohol, induce oxidative stress that manifests into genotoxicity. In conclusion, demographical differences occur in the genotoxicity caused by these three habits. MN assay and urinary 8-OHdG are simple, noninvasive, and reliable biomarkers of genotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S V S Rana
- Department of Zoology, Toxicology Laboratory, Ch. Charan Singh University, Meerut, UP, 250004, India.
| | - Yeshvandra Verma
- Department of Zoology, Toxicology Laboratory, Ch. Charan Singh University, Meerut, UP, 250004, India
| | - Gagan Deep Singh
- Department of Zoology, Toxicology Laboratory, Ch. Charan Singh University, Meerut, UP, 250004, India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bolognesi C, Bonassi S, Knasmueller S, Fenech M, Bruzzone M, Lando C, Ceppi M. Clinical application of micronucleus test in exfoliated buccal cells: A systematic review and metanalysis. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2015; 766:20-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
14
|
Mohanta A, Mohanty PK, Parida G. An in vivo cytogenetic analysis of human oral squamous cell carcinoma. South Asian J Cancer 2015; 4:123-6. [PMID: 26942142 PMCID: PMC4756486 DOI: 10.4103/2278-330x.173178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral cancer ranks in the top three of all cancers in India, which accounts for over 30% of all cancers reported in the country. The micronucleus test (MNT) is one of the most widely applied short term tests used in genetic toxicology to evaluate the mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. AIMS The present study aims at an in vivo cytogenetic analysis of human oral squamous cell carcinoma and to assess the applicability of MNT in diagnosing early detection of oral carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Exfoliated scrape smears were collected from the clinically diagnosed 136 patients suffering from oral precancerous and cancerous lesions. The wet fixed smears were stained by adopting Papanicolaou's staining protocol and counter-stained with Giemsa's solution. RESULTS The frequency of micronucleated cells has been observed to be in increasing order with the increase of the age-groups and from control to precancerous to cancerous cases significantly in both sexes. CONCLUSION Micronucleus formation in the oral mucosa could be a biomarker of genetic damage and also a potential onco-indicator in the long run of oral carcinogenesis. Therefore, MNT can be applied for the early detection of oral carcinoma in the human being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhimanyu Mohanta
- Department of Zoology, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneshwar, India
| | | | - Gadadhar Parida
- Department of Oncopathology, Acharya Harihar Regional Cancer Center, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Nersesyan A, Kundi M, Fenech M, Bolognesi C, Misik M, Wultsch G, Hartmann M, Knasmueller S. Micronucleus assay with urine derived cells (UDC): A review of its application in human studies investigating genotoxin exposure and bladder cancer risk. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2014; 762:37-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
16
|
Mr P, Guruprasad Y, Jose M, Saxena K, K D, Prabhu V. Comparative Study of Genotoxicity in Different Tobacco Related Habits using Micronucleus Assay in Exfoliated Buccal Epithelial Cells. J Clin Diagn Res 2014; 8:ZC21-4. [PMID: 24995238 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2014/8733.4357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral cancer is one of the most debilitating diseases afflicting mankind. Consumption of tobacco in various forms constitutes one of the most important etiological factors in initiation of oral cancer. When the focus of today's research is to determine early genotoxic changes in human cells, micronucleus (MN) assay provides a simple, yet reliable indicator of genotoxic damage. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To identify and quantify micronuclei in the exfoliated cells of oral mucosa in individuals with different tobacco related habits and control group, to compare the genotoxicity of different tobacco related habits between each group and also with that of control group. PATIENTS AND METHODS In the present study buccal smears of 135 individuals with different tobacco related habits & buccal smears of 45 age and sex matched controls were obtained, stained using Giemsa stain and then observed under 100X magnification in order to identify and quantify micronuclei in the exfoliated cells of oral mucosa. RESULTS The mean Micronucleus (MN) count in individuals having smoking habit were 3.11 while the count was 0.50, 2.13, and 1.67 in normal control, smoking with beetle quid and smokeless tobacco habit respectively. MN count in smokers group was 2.6 times more compared to normal controls. MN count was more even in other groups when compared to normal control but to a lesser extent. CONCLUSION From our study we concluded that tobacco in any form is genotoxic especially smokers are of higher risk and micronucleus assay can be used as a simple yet reliable marker for genotoxic evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Mr
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, AME'S Dental College, Hospital and Research Institute , Raichur, Karnataka, India
| | - Yadavalli Guruprasad
- Reader, Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, AME'S Dental College, Hospital and Research Institute , Raichur, Karnataka, India
| | - Maji Jose
- Professor and Head, Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Yenepoya Dental College and Hospital , Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Kartikay Saxena
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Yenepoya Dental College and Hospital , Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Deepa K
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, AME'S Dental College, Hospital and Research Institute , Raichur, Karnataka, India
| | - Vishnudas Prabhu
- Professor, Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Yenepoya Dental College and Hospital , Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tak A, Metgud R, Astekar M, Tak M. Micronuclei and other nuclear anomalies in normal human buccal mucosa cells of oral cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy: a field effect. Biotech Histochem 2014; 89:464-9. [DOI: 10.3109/10520295.2014.904925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
|
18
|
Mishra A, Meherotra R. Head and Neck Cancer: Global Burden and Regional Trends in India. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:537-50. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.2.537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
19
|
Gurbuz N, Sirav B, Colbay M, Yetkin I, Seyhan N. No genotoxic effect in exfoliated bladder cells of rat under the exposure of 1800 and 2100 MHz radio frequency radiation. Electromagn Biol Med 2013; 33:296-301. [PMID: 24279630 DOI: 10.3109/15368378.2013.831354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of 1800 and 2100 MHz Radio Frequency (RF) radiation on the number of micronucleus (MN) in exfoliated bladder cells of rat which shows the genotoxic damage. Exposure period was 30 min/day, 6 days/week for a month and two months exposure periods. Thirty male wistar albino rats were used for five groups: Group I (n = 6): 1800 MHz RF exposed animals for one month, Group II (n = 6): 2100 MHz RF exposed animals for one month, Group III (n = 6): 2100 MHz RF exposed for two months, Group IV (n = 6): control group for one month, Group V (n = 6): control group for two months. Rats of the control groups were housed in their home cages during the entire experimental period without subjecting to any experimental manipulation. 1800 and 2100 MHz RF exposures did not result in any significant MN frequencies in rat bladder cells with respect to the control groups (p > 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between 2100 MHz RF exposed groups, either. Further studies are needed to demonstrate if there is any genotoxic effect, micronucleus formation in other tissues of rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Gurbuz
- Laboratory Animal Breeding & Experimental Research Center
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Anass MA, G Ahmed H. A Case-Control Study of Oral Epithelial Proliferative Markers among Sudanese Toombak Dippers Using Micronuclei Assay, Argyrophilic Nucleolar Organizer Region, Papanicolaou and Crystal Violet Methods. Rare Tumors 2013; 5:e31. [PMID: 24179643 PMCID: PMC3804806 DOI: 10.4081/rt.2013.e31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2012] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of Toombak has been reported to play a major role in the etiology of oral cancer in Sudan. The cellular proliferative activity on the oral epithelium of 210 Toombak dippers was assessed by applying the micronuclei frequency, mean argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR) counts, Papanicolaou method, and 1% crystal violet stain. Participants were divided into 3 groups: 200 were apparently healthy individuals, 100 were Toombak users (cases), 100 were non-tobacco users (control) and 10 were patients with oral squamous cell carcinomas. Cytological atypia was identified among 4 (4%). Toombak users and was not found among the control group (P<0.04). The micronuclei frequencies were higher in Toombak users (1.026) than in the control group (0.356) (P<0.0001). The mean AgNOR counts in Toombak users (2.423) were higher than control group (1.303) (P<0.0001). Neither Toombak users nor control group showed mitotic figures in 1% crystal violet method. The results of this research showed that Toombak dipping is a high risk factor for increase in the cellular proliferation in the oral mucosa. The cytological proliferative marker methods used are useful for screening Toombak users.
Collapse
|
21
|
Gamiño-Gutiérrez SP, González-Pérez CI, Gonsebatt ME, Monroy-Fernández MG. Arsenic and lead contamination in urban soils of Villa de la Paz (Mexico) affected by historical mine wastes and its effect on children's health studied by micronucleated exfoliated cells assay. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2013; 35:37-51. [PMID: 22736102 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-012-9469-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Environmental geochemical and health studies were carried out in urban areas of Villa de la Paz, S.L.P. (Mexico), where mining activities have been developed for more of 200 years, leading to the pollution of surface soil by arsenic and heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn). The analysis of urban soils to determine total and bioaccessibility concentrations of As and Pb, demonstrated a combined contribution of the natural and anthropogenic concentrations in the site, at levels higher than the environmental guideline values that provoke a human health risk. Contour soil mapping confirmed that historical mine waste deposits without environmental control measures, are the main source of pollution soil by As and Pb in the site. Exposure (Pb in blood and As in urine) and effect (micronucleated exfoliated cells assay) biological monitoring were then carried out in the childhood population of the site and in a control site. The exposure biological monitoring demonstrated that at least 20-30 % of children presented Pb and As exposure values higher than the national and international maximum intervention values. The effect biomonitoring by MEC assay confirmed that there is a genotoxic damage in local childhood population that could be associated with the arsenic exposure in the site.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra P Gamiño-Gutiérrez
- Programa Multidisciplinario de Posgrado en Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Jyoti S, Khan S, Afzal M, Siddique YH. Micronucleus investigation in human buccal epithelial cells of gutkha users. Adv Biomed Res 2012; 1:35. [PMID: 23326766 PMCID: PMC3544097 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.100128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gutkha is a cheap and convenient betel quid substitute, which is popular among all age groups. Various studies reveal its carcinogenic nature that leads to oral submucosus fibrosis and increases the chances of oral cancer. The micronucleus (MN) assay in exfoliated mucosal cells is a useful method for observing genetic damage in humans. AIM To observe the genotoxic effect of gutkha on human buccal epithelial cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS The MN assay was performed to assess the frequency of MN in human buccal epithelial cells. The study comprises 60 individuals of which 30 individuals were gutkha chewers and another 30 were nonusers (control). The MN frequency was scored to estimate the genotoxic damage. RESULTS In gutkha users, the frequency of MN was highly significant (17.4 ± 0.944) as compared with nonusers (control) groups (4.53 ± 0.331) (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The MN assay in human buccal epithelial cells is a useful and minimally invasive method for monitoring genetic damage in humans. Asignificantly higher frequency of micronucleated cells are found among gutkha users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Smita Jyoti
- Department of Zoology, Human Genetics and Toxicology Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Saif Khan
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, Dr Z.A. Dental College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammad Afzal
- Department of Zoology, Human Genetics and Toxicology Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Yasir Hasan Siddique
- Department of Zoology, Human Genetics and Toxicology Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chromosomal damage and apoptosis in exfoliated buccal cells from individuals with oral cancer. Int J Dent 2012; 2012:457054. [PMID: 22315605 PMCID: PMC3272342 DOI: 10.1155/2012/457054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Revised: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate cytological abnormalities indicative of chromosome damage (micronuclei) and apoptosis (karyorrhexis, pyknosis, and condensed chromatin) in exfoliated cells from the buccal mucosa of patients with oral cancer and control subjects. The sample included twenty individuals with oral cancer and forty individuals with normal buccal mucosa. Material was collected from the cheek epithelium in areas with lesions and areas without abnormalities. A minimum of one thousand cells was analyzed. Micronuclei were found significantly more frequently in cells collected from lesions than in cells from normal areas, independent of the presence/absence of cancer (P < 0.0001). They were also significantly more frequent in smokers and in mouthwash users (P < 0.0001). Apoptosis occurred significantly less frequently in individuals with oral cancer (P < 0.0001). These results show that oral cancer is associated with higher frequency of chromosomal damage and suggest that apoptosis is compromised in the buccal cells of individuals with this kind of neoplasia.
Collapse
|
24
|
Gurbuz N, Sirav B, Yuvaci HU, Turhan N, Coskun ZK, Seyhan N. Is There Any Possible Genotoxic Effect in Exfoliated Bladder Cells of Rat Under the Exposure of 1800 MHz GSM-Like Modulated Radio Frequency Radiation (RFR)? Electromagn Biol Med 2010; 29:98-104. [DOI: 10.3109/15368378.2010.482498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
25
|
Fortin F, Anghel T, Brochu P, Lemieux N. Optimizing urothelial cell preparation for the human urinary micronucleus assay. Toxicol In Vitro 2010; 24:1821-7. [PMID: 20580813 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2010.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2010] [Revised: 05/14/2010] [Accepted: 05/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Biological monitoring of early genotoxic effects in urothelial cells using the urinary micronucleus (MNu) assay is promising for early detection of cancer, such as bladder carcinoma. But many problems are encountered, the major being the poorly differential staining of cells, particularly in women having an important amount of squamous cells. We have optimized the protocol and obtained a differential staining of the cell types present in urine on 10 subjects. Following Carnoy I fixation and Papanicolaou staining, urothelial cells were blue while most squamous cells were pink. This differential staining allowed for optimization of the MNu assay on a single urine void, for both females and males. Even if our MNu means were comparable to the literature, the great variation in reported MNu results could reside in the ability of scorers to distinguish correctly between urothelial and squamous cells. When monitoring exposed populations, this erroneous distinction could largely influence the results, even more in women's urine samples. Given a situation where exposure would not increase micronuclei frequency in vaginal squamous cells, their erroneous analysis in the MNu assay could mask an early genotoxic effect. Therefore, as transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder originates from transformed urothelial cells, restricting micronuclei analysis to urothelial cells could yield a more precise estimate of cancer risk in exposed populations. Moreover, it is hoped that the improvements proposed in this paper will allow for an easier implementation of the MNu assay in various set-ups and enhance its specificity, since MNu are considered a suitable biomarker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Fortin
- Département de pathologie et biologie cellulaire Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Hintzsche H, Stopper H. Micronucleus frequency in buccal mucosa cells of mobile phone users. Toxicol Lett 2010; 193:124-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2009] [Revised: 12/17/2009] [Accepted: 12/19/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
27
|
da Silva CJ, Bastos JK, Takahashi CS. Evaluation of the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of crude extracts of Cordia ecalyculata and Echinodorus grandiflorus. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 127:445-450. [PMID: 19837151 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2009] [Revised: 10/08/2009] [Accepted: 10/08/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cordia ecalyculata Vell. and Echinodorus grandiflorus (Cham. & Schltdl.) Micheli are extensively used in Brazil as therapeutic preparations for indigenous groups and the general population. These plants have been used in the folk medicine as: tonic, diuretic, anti-inflammatory, appetite suppressants, for the treatment of snake bites, and weight loss. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, it was verified the possible cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of the crude extracts of. Cordia ecalyculata and Echinodorus grandiflorus, as well as their effectiveness in treating obesity. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Micronucleus Test was used for the evaluation of possible clastogenic and aneugenic effects, and the Comet Assay was used for the evaluation of single-strand and double-strand DNA breaks. The cytotoxic effects of the crude extracts were verified by PCE/NCE ratio. Swiss mice (Mus musculus) were used as the experimental model. RESULTS It was observed a significant (P<0.05) increase, dose-independent, in the average frequency of micronucleated erythrocytes in peripheral blood in mice treated with either the Cordia ecalyculata or Echinodorus grandiflorus extracts, in comparison with the negative control. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes for both extract treatment. We observed that treatment with the Cordia ecalyculata extract at concentrations of 1000 and 2000 mg/kg bw resulted in a PCE/NCE ratio that was larger (P<0.05) than the negative control. After 15 days of daily treatment, a dose of 2000 mg/kg bw of either phytotherapeutic did not reduce body mass gain or the amount of food consumed by Swiss mice when compared with the negative control (P>0.05). CONCLUSION The results of this study allowed us to infer that the crude extracts of Cordia ecalyculata and Echinodorus grandiflorus do not display cytotoxic or genotoxic activities. However, they do possess weak clastogenic activity (without significance) on peripheral blood cells. Contrary to commonly held beliefs it was also found in this study that the extracts are not effective for obesity treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano José da Silva
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900 Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo CP 14049-900, Brazil.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
da Silva CJ, dos Santos JE, Satie Takahashi C. An evaluation of the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of the anti-obesity drugs sibutramine and fenproporex. Hum Exp Toxicol 2010; 29:187-97. [PMID: 20051455 DOI: 10.1177/0960327109358732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Anti-obesity medications deserve special considerations at the present time due to an increasing number of overweight and obese people who require these therapeutic alternatives. Obesity is positively associated with several chronic illnesses, including cancer. In this work, we evaluated the possible genotoxic and/or cytotoxic actions of two drugs, sibutramine and fenproporex, in the doses of 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg body weight (bw), administered intraperitoneally in male Swiss mice. The genotoxic effect was analyzed by comet assay and micronucleus test. We found that both drugs increased the frequency of genotoxic damage in Swiss mice, but did not present cytotoxic activities towards the polychromatic erythrocytes of the bone marrow of these animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano José da Silva
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ergun S, Warnakulasuriya S, Duman N, Saruhanoğlu A, Sevinç B, Öztürk, Özel S, Çefle K, Palanduz, Tanyeri H. Micronuclear and sister chromatid exchange analyses in peripheral lymphocytes of patients with oral lichen planus - a pilot study. Oral Dis 2009; 15:499-504. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2009.01576.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
30
|
Abstract
India, with a population of over a billion is likely to increase global concern on cancer, particularly that of head and neck. The increasing immigration of Indians is likely to influence other parts of the world and an analysis of cancer-related practices could serve as a model for defining cancer-prevention strategies across the globe. The objective of this study was to review the anti- and pro-carcinogenic practices in India pertaining to head and neck cancer. The published literature on practices, compounds/chemicals/crude reparations related to the head and neck cancer in India was retrieved for analysis, while unauthentic or local information was discarded. The anti-carcinogenic practices prevalent in India consisted of classically varied diet being predominantly vegetarian, along with spices, condiments, beverages etc. The pro-carcinogenic practices predominantly include all shades of alcoholism and tobacco intake. Moreover, the diverse culture of the country reflects unique regional practices. The enormous diversity in practices related to head and neck cancer in India is very unique and interesting. Cancer prevention strategies need to focus on these trends to define a better global prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Mishra
- C.S.M. Medical University (King George Medical College), A-1/19, Sector H, Aliganj, Lucknow, UP, India.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Thomas P, Holland N, Bolognesi C, Kirsch-Volders M, Bonassi S, Zeiger E, Knasmueller S, Fenech M. Buccal micronucleus cytome assay. Nat Protoc 2009; 4:825-37. [DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2009.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 381] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
32
|
Sellappa S, Balakrishnan M, Raman S, Palanisamy S. Induction of micronuclei in buccal mucosa on chewing a mixture of betel leaf, areca nut and tobacco. J Oral Sci 2009; 51:289-92. [DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.51.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
|
33
|
Joan Levine A, Salvan A, Talaska G, Boeniger MF, Suruda A, Schulte PA. The utility of epithelial-cell micronuclei in the assessment of intermittent exposures. Biomarkers 2008; 2:135-8. [DOI: 10.1080/135475097231878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
34
|
da Silva AE, Rados PV, da Silva Lauxen I, Gedoz L, Villarinho EA, Fontanella V. Nuclear changes in tongue epithelial cells following panoramic radiography. Mutat Res 2007; 632:121-5. [PMID: 17574905 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2007.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2007] [Revised: 04/16/2007] [Accepted: 05/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of radiation from panoramic radiographs on the cells of the lateral border of the tongue by evaluating nuclear changes. Forty-two patients were included: 22 had one radiograph (Group I), and 20 required a repeat radiograph due to error in the first exposure (Group II). Material for the cytopathologic evaluation was collected before radiographs and 10 days later. Smears were stained with the Feulgen reaction and micronuclei, buds, broken eggs, karyorrhexis and binucleate cells were scored. The comparison of nuclear changes before and after radiation exposure in both groups revealed a statistically higher number of broken eggs, buds, karyorrhexis and binucleate cells 10 days after exposure (P=0.01). The number of karyorrhexis and binucleate cells was greater in group II (P=0.01). There was no change in the frequency of micronuclei before and after the radiographs. Radiation emitted during panoramic radiographs increased the number of nuclear anomalies (except micronuclei) in exfoliated cells of the lateral border of the tongue. This effect was more pronounced when the patients were exposed to a repeat radiograph, without however implying increased risk of irreversible tissue damage.
Collapse
|
35
|
Dönbak L, Celik M, Demirhan I, Nagas S. Genotoxic damage in Maras powder consumers from Kahramanmaras province of Turkey. RUSS J GENET+ 2007. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795407050055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
36
|
Lewińska D, Palus J, Stepnik M, Dziubałtowska E, Beck J, Rydzyński K, Natarajan AT, Nilsson R. Micronucleus frequency in peripheral blood lymphocytes and buccal mucosa cells of copper smelter workers, with special regard to arsenic exposure. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2007; 80:371-80. [PMID: 17277946 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-006-0130-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2005] [Accepted: 06/27/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Occupational exposure in copper smelters may produce various adverse health effects including cancer which, according to available epidemiologic data, is associated mainly with exposure to arsenic. Despite a number of well-documented studies reporting an increased risk of cancer among copper smelters workers, the data on genotoxic effects in this industry are scarce. In view of the above, an assessment of micronuclei (MN) frequency in peripheral blood lymphocytes and buccal epithelial cells from copper smelter workers was undertaken. Additionally, the clastogenic/aneugenic effect in lymphocytes was assessed with the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The study was conducted in three copper smelters in southwestern Poland. The subjects (n = 72) were enrolled among male workers at departments where As concentration in the air was up to at 80 microg/m(3). Exposure was assessed by measurement of arsenic concentration in urine and toenail samples. The control group (n = 83) was recruited from healthy male individuals living in central Poland who did not report any exposure to known genotoxins. The results of our study showed a significant increase in MN frequency in peripheral blood lymphocytes and in buccal epithelial cells of smelter workers, compared to the controls (7.96 +/- 4.28 vs. 3.47 +/- 1.70 and 0.98 +/- 0.76 vs. 0.50 +/- 0.52, respectively). The FISH technique revealed the presence of clastogenic and aneugenic effects in peripheral blood lymphocytes in both groups. The clastogenic effect was slightly more pronounced in the smelter workers; however, the difference was not statistically significant. The mean arsenic concentrations in urine (total arsenic species) and in toenail samples in the exposed group were 54.04 +/- 42.26 microg/l and 7.63 +/- 7.24 microg/g, respectively, being significantly different from control group 11.01 +/- 10.84 microg/l and 0.51 +/- 0.05 microg/g. No correlation between As content in urine or toenail samples and the genotoxic effect was found under study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Lewińska
- Department of Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 8 Teresy St., 90-950, Lodz, Poland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Warnakulasuriya KAAS, Ralhan R. Clinical, pathological, cellular and molecular lesions caused by oral smokeless tobacco - a review. J Oral Pathol Med 2007; 36:63-77. [PMID: 17238967 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2007.00496.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
While carcinogenicity of smokeless tobacco (ST) to humans is well established the oral lesions that precede development of cancer are less well characterized. The clinical appearances of ST-associated lesions are variable. Epidemiological studies show a strong significant association of risk with chronic daily use but population differences are noted because of various commercial products in use. Morphological features observed are some what different to oral lesions caused by smoking and oral dysplasia in ST-associated lesions is less common. Effects of ST on oral keratinocytes observed in vitro include alterations in cell proliferation, apoptosis and activation of inflammatory markers. Genetic aberrations caused by ST include activation of ras, uncommon in smokers but mutational hot spots in p53 encountered are similar to those in smokers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K A A S Warnakulasuriya
- Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Oral Cancer and Precancer, King's College Dental Institute at Guy's, King's and St Thomas' Hospitals, London, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Proia NK, Paszkiewicz GM, Nasca MAS, Franke GE, Pauly JL. Smoking and smokeless tobacco-associated human buccal cell mutations and their association with oral cancer--a review. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006; 15:1061-77. [PMID: 16775162 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-05-0983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Reported herein are the results of a structured literature review that was undertaken to (a) determine if human buccal (mouth) cell changes are associated with smoking and smokeless ("chewing") tobacco, (b) tabulate different buccal cell alterations that have been reported, (c) delineate buccal cell assays that have been used successfully, (d) determine whether buccal cell changes correlate with oral cancer as defined in clinicopathologic investigations, and (e) assess the feasibility of developing a high-throughput buccal cell assay for screening smokers for the early detection of oral cancer. The results of the studies reported herein have established that diverse buccal cell changes are associated with smoking and smokeless tobacco. This review documents also that buccal cells have been collected in a noninvasive manner, and repetitively for serial studies, from different sites of the mouth (e.g., cheek, gum, and tongue) and from normal tissue, preneoplastic lesions (leukoplakia), and malignant tumors. Tobacco-associated genetic mutations and nongenetic changes have been reported; a partial listing includes (a) micronuclei, (b) bacterial adherence, (c) genetic mutations, (d) DNA polymorphisms, (d) carcinogen-DNA adducts, and (e) chromosomal abnormalities. Clinical studies have correlated buccal cell changes with malignant tumors, and some oral oncologists have reported that the buccal cell changes are practical biomarkers. Summarily, the literature has established that buccal cells are useful not only for characterizing the molecular mechanisms underlying tobacco-associated oral cancers but also as exfoliative cells that express diverse changes that offer promise as candidate biomarkers for the early detection of oral cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole K Proia
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kamboj M, Mahajan S. Micronucleus—an upcoming marker of genotoxic damage. Clin Oral Investig 2006; 11:121-6. [PMID: 17031674 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-006-0075-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2006] [Accepted: 08/30/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This study was conceived for the early detection of oral precancer and cancer lesions using a noninvasive reliable technique. Micronucleus assay was performed on oral exfoliated cells of chosen subjects having leukoplakia and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) using fluorescent (Acridine Orange) and conventional (Feulgen) stainings. The results were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Spearman's Correlation and SPSS statistical package. The frequency of mean percentage occurrence of micronucleated cells increased significantly in comparison to controls with leukoplakia and squamous cell carcinoma. Subjects with synergism of abnormal oral habits also showed increased micronucleated cells. Fluorescent staining was found to be more sensitive than the conventional one for micronucleus detection. The results clearly demonstrate that micronucleus assay in oral exfoliated cells can be used as a simple reliable marker to assess the genotoxicity and for the early diagnosis of premalignant and malignant lesions. Micronucleus assay is, thus, an easy tool for early detection of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mala Kamboj
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, U.P. King George's University of Dental Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India.
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Ozkul Y, Silici S, Eroğlu E. The anticarcinogenic effect of propolis in human lymphocytes culture. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2005; 12:742-7. [PMID: 16323293 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2004.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The in vitro anticarcinogenic potential of propolis in human lymphocytes was investigated. Blood samples were obtained from ten healthy males, non-smoking volunteers, which were incubated and exposed to increasing concentrations of propolis (0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 0.7 and 1.0 ml). The mean micronucleus rates were 1.47 +/- 0.38 - 4.02 +/- 0.64. Mitotic index rates were between 19.45 +/- 2.22 and 0.28 +/- 0.33. The differences between the control and exposed cells were statistically significant (p < or = 0.05). We conclude that exposure to different concentrations of propolis cannot produce a carcinogenic effect in peripheral human lymphocytes in vitro. However, increasing micronucleus (MN) rates showed that propolis could have a carcinogenic effect in high concentrations. Also chemical analysis of propolis sample was evaluated by GC/MS. Propolis sample mainly contains flavonoids, fatty and aromatic acids and their esters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Ozkul
- Department of Genetic, Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Kayseri, Turkey
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Suhas S, Ganapathy KS, Gayatri Devi M, Ramesh C. Application of the micronucleus test to exfoliated epithelial cells from the oral cavity of beedi smokers, a high-risk group for oral cancer. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2004; 561:15-21. [PMID: 15238226 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2004.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2003] [Revised: 01/04/2004] [Accepted: 03/04/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The primary sites for occurrence of oral cancer include the buccal mucosa, tongue, alveolus, palate, lip and the floor of the mouth. In this study, an attempt was made to estimate the cytogenetic damage in different regions of the oral mucosa in people habituated to smoking beedi,which is one of the major forms of tobacco consumption in India and believed to be a major risk factor for oral cancer. By using the micronucleus assay on exfoliated cells from the buccal mucosa, palate and tongue of beedi smokers, we examined an early cellular response to the effect of beedi smoking. A total number of 50 randomly selected male subjects were included in the study. Case and control groups (smokers and non-smokers, respectively) comprised 25 subjects each. The difference in mean micronucleated cell count between cases and controls was significant (P <0.01) for buccal mucosa and palate, but not for tongue. The correlation between age and micronucleus cell count was weak for both cases (r=0.27) and controls (r=0.36).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Suhas
- Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology, College of Dental Surgery, Manipal 576104, India.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Salama SA, Au WW. Susceptibility and biomarker knowledge for improvement of environmental health. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2003; 206:401-12. [PMID: 12971696 DOI: 10.1078/1438-4639-00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
At the international level, environmental health problems are usually most serious in countries that have the least resources to deal with the problems. Therefore, international efforts have been initiated to achieve equitable environmental health globally. One approach is to conduct international collaborative studies. This approach has been successful in the building of scientific infrastructure in these countries so that they can address their own environmental health concerns and to sustain the environmental health programs. Using liver and oral cancers as models for discussion, examples of success in the identification of etiology and the mechanisms for the diseases are provided. For example, biomarkers are used to provide early warning signals for the disease. In addition, the application of the collected information for developing disease prevention and intervention programs is presented. Expertise in genetic susceptibility is used to provide a more precise understanding of the cancer process. With the precise knowledge, the information can potentially be used to screen for high-risk individuals and to develop "designer" intervention procedures against specific biochemical defects. Success in disease prevention is dependent upon multidisciplinary collaborations at the local and international levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salama A Salama
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555-1110, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Reis SRDA, Sadigursky M, Andrade MGS, Soares LP, Espirito Santo ARD, Vilas Boas DS. [Genotoxic effect of ethanol on oral mucosa cells]. PESQUISA ODONTOLOGICA BRASILEIRA = BRAZILIAN ORAL RESEARCH 2002; 16:221-5. [PMID: 12386683 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-74912002000300007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol is one of the chemicals related to the development of oral malignant neoplasms. Micronuclei are chromatin fragments which, after aberrant mitoses, do not become included in the main nucleus. They have been used as indicators of genotoxic damage in cells exposed to carcinogens. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of micronuclei in exfoliated cells from the tongue and buccal mucosa of alcoholic individuals. Samples were taken from the tongue and buccal mucosa of 40 alcoholic individuals who did not smoke, and from 20 alcohol and tobacco abstainers. Cells were stained with the Feulgen reaction and counterstained with Fast Green. A significant increase in the frequency of micronuclei in tongue cells was found in the group of subjects exposed to alcohol, when compared to the control group (p < 0.01). The frequency of micronuclei in buccal mucosa cells was higher in the group of alcoholic individuals, when compared to the control group, although there was no significant difference (p > 0.05). Our results indicate that excessive alcohol consumption may induce effective alterations on oral mucosa cells, even without exposure to tobacco. These alterations are more expressive in the tongue, which is a site more exposed to the action of carcinogens, when compared to the buccal mucosa.
Collapse
|
44
|
Bloching M, Hofmann A, Lautenschläger C, Berghaus A, Grummt T. Exfoliative cytology of normal buccal mucosa to predict the relative risk of cancer in the upper aerodigestive tract using the MN-assay. Oral Oncol 2000; 36:550-5. [PMID: 11036250 DOI: 10.1016/s1368-8375(00)00051-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The high frequency of second or third primary tumors was first explained by Slaughter et al. with the concept of field cancerisation. Another theory postulates micrometastatic lesions as a reason for this phenomenon. The micronuclei (MN)-assay was evaluated to provide evidence for the concept of field cancerisation and to quantify the premalignant field change of normal mucosa in order to predict the individual cancer risk. MN-assay was carried out in 55 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, in 16 patients with a leucoplakia and in 99 healthy controls. A detailed questionnaire for population monitoring was completed. Buccal cytosmears of healthy mucosa of the study participants were examined for the MN count per 1000 cells. There was a direct correlation between tobacco abuse and increasing MN count as a sign of a cytogenetic damage of buccal mucosa cells. Alcohol did not influence the formation of MN. Both buccal sites were damaged in the same degree as proof of field cancerisation. The relative cancer risk (odds ratio) for smoking healthy controls with a definite MN frequency was estimated. Our study underscores the importance of the MN-assay as a biomarker to predict the relative cancer risk in the upper aerodigestive tract under suspicion of the individual susceptibility and the exposition to known carcinogenic agents such as tobacco and alcohol. The concept of field cancerisation was confirmed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Bloching
- ENT Department, Head and Neck Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 12, 06097, Halle/Saale, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Pinto D, Ceballos JM, García G, Guzmán P, Del Razo LM, Vera E, Gómez H, García A, Gonsebatt ME. Increased cytogenetic damage in outdoor painters. Mutat Res 2000; 467:105-11. [PMID: 10838197 DOI: 10.1016/s1383-5718(00)00024-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Painters are exposed to an extensive variety of hazardous substances such as organic solvents, lead-containing pigments and residual plastic monomers. In this particular case, workers used commercially available exterior paints and occasionally gasoline or thinner as solvents. The application or removal of paints was performed without protection (masks or gloves). To determine occupational exposure risk, a monitoring study was designed. Group selection was made after a questionnaire administration, which included questions about lifestyle and medical history to exclude exposure to other potential sources of genotoxics. Smoking and drinking habits were also considered. Blood and buccal cell samples were obtained from 25 public building male painters and from a similar number of age- and gender-matched controls. Lead levels were measured in paint samples and in individuals' blood. Organic solvents and/or its metabolites were also determined in blood. Chromosomal aberrations (CA) and sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) were determined in peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures. Also, the frequency of micronuclei (MN) in buccal cells was investigated. Painters had higher lead levels in blood (p<0.05); CA and SCE in lymphocytes and MN in epithelial cells were also elevated (p<0.05). Cytogenetic damage was significantly associated with occupational exposure time but not with the levels of lead found in blood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Pinto
- Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "H. Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ramaesh T, Mendis BR, Ratnatunga N, Thattil RO. The effect of tobacco smoking and of betel chewing with tobacco on the buccal mucosa: a cytomorphometric analysis. J Oral Pathol Med 1999; 28:385-8. [PMID: 10535360 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.1999.tb02108.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The effect of tobacco use on the buccal mucosa has been assessed by cytomorphometry. Cell and nuclear diameters (CD, ND) of exfoliated oral squames were measured in tobacco smokers (S), betel chewers with tobacco (C) and those with a combined habit (S+C). Non-users (NU) served as controls. The mean CD values in S, C, S+C and NU were: 50.8 (+/-0.47), 49.39 (+/-0.48), 49.12 (+/-0.47) and 51.87 (+/-0.76) microm, and the mean ND values were: 8.83 (+/-0.07), 8.61 (+/-0.08), 8.72 (+/-0.10) and 8.33 (-/+ 0.09) microm, respectively. The least significant difference procedure (LSD at P=0.05) showed a significant reduction for CD in C and S+C and an increase for ND in all three habit groups, compared to the controls. This study shows that the use of tobacco influences the cytomorphology of the normal buccal mucosa. Betel chewing with tobacco influences the ND and CD, while smoking influences only the ND.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Ramaesh
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Konopacka M, Widel M, Rzeszowska-Wolny J. Modifying effect of vitamins C, E and beta-carotene against gamma-ray-induced DNA damage in mouse cells. Mutat Res 1998; 417:85-94. [PMID: 9733928 DOI: 10.1016/s1383-5718(98)00095-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The modifying effect of treatment with vitamins C, E and beta-carotene on the clastogenic activity of gamma rays was investigated in mice. Damage in vivo was measured by the micronucleus assay in bone marrow polychromatic erythrocytes and exfoliated bladder cells. The vitamins were administered orally, either for five consecutive days before or immediately after irradiation with 2 Gy of gamma rays. The results show that pretreatment with vitamin E (100-200 mg/kg/day) and beta-carotene (3-12 mg/kg/day) were effective in protecting against micronucleus induction by gamma rays. Vitamin C depending on its concentration enhanced the radiation effect (400 mg/kg/day), or reduced the number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (50-100 mg/kg/day). Such effect was weekly observed in exfoliated bladder cells. The most effective protection in both tissues was noted when a mixture of these vitamins was used as a pretreatment. Administration of the all antioxidant vitamins to mice immediately after irradiation was also effective in reducing the radiation-induced micronucleus frequency. The data from the in vitro experiments based on the comet assay show that the presence of the vitamins in culture medium influences the kinetic of repair of radiation-induced DNA damage in mouse leukocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Konopacka
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Radiobiology, Institute of Oncology, ul. Armii Krajowej 15, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Dittberner U, Schmetzer B, Gölzer P, Eisenbrand G, Zankl H. Genotoxic effects of 2-trans-hexenal in human buccal mucosa cells in vivo. Mutat Res 1997; 390:161-5. [PMID: 9150764 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-1218(97)00013-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In 7 non-smoking healthy volunteers, the number of micronuclei (MN) was determined in exfoliated buccal mucosa cells before and after rinsing the mouth with an aqueous 10 ppm solution of 2-trans-hexenal during 3 consecutive days. All individuals showed at least a doubling of the MN frequency during one of the next 4 days. An increase of the mean group MN frequency was observed on the fourth day, becoming significant between the sixth and the seventh day. During the next 2 days, the MN frequency dropped down to nearly the control level. In a second study, 7 other volunteers were examined before and after eating 3-6 bananas per day over a period of 3 days. The bananas contained about 35 ppm of hexenal. Six of the 7 individuals showed at least a doubling of the MN frequency during one of the next 6 days. An increase in the mean MN counts was also observed, but the difference to the control value become non-significant during the test period. The results show for the first time that the flavoring constituent 2-trans-hexenal, which is present in many human foods exerts genotoxic effects on human buccal mucosa cells in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- U Dittberner
- Department of Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Machado-Santelli GM, Cerqueira EM, Oliveira CT, Pereira CA. Biomonitoring of nurses handling antineoplastic drugs. Mutat Res 1994; 322:203-8. [PMID: 7521520 DOI: 10.1016/0165-1218(94)90007-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The micronuclei analysis in exfoliated cells of the buccal cavity was employed in the cytogenetic monitoring of nurses handling antineoplastic drugs. The group under study consisted of 25 subjects who showed a marked increase in micronucleated cells as compared with the control group (Chi-square = 15.12, with one degree of freedom, P < 0.001).
Collapse
|
50
|
Sinha BK, Mann SBS, Mehra YN, Sharma SC, Bhusnurmath SR, Panda NK. Effect of pan masala with tobacco in buccal mucosa of albino rats. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03048874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|