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Levien M, Yang L, van der Ham A, Reinhard M, John M, Purea A, Ganz J, Marquardsen T, Tkach I, Orlando T, Bennati M. Overhauser enhanced liquid state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in one and two dimensions. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5904. [PMID: 39003303 PMCID: PMC11246421 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50265-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is fundamental in the natural sciences, from chemical analysis and structural biology, to medicine and physics. Despite its enormous achievements, one of its most severe limitations is the low sensitivity, which arises from the small population difference of nuclear spin states. Methods such as dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization and parahydrogen induced hyperpolarization can enhance the NMR signal by several orders of magnitude, however, their intrinsic limitations render multidimensional hyperpolarized liquid-state NMR a challenge. Here, we report an instrumental design for 9.4 Tesla liquid-state dynamic nuclear polarization that enabled enhanced high-resolution NMR spectra in one and two-dimensions for small molecules, including drugs and metabolites. Achieved enhancements of up to two orders of magnitude translate to signal acquisition gains up to a factor of 10,000. We show that hyperpolarization can be transferred between nuclei, allowing DNP-enhanced two-dimensional 13C-13C correlation experiments at 13C natural abundance. The enhanced sensitivity opens up perspectives for structural determination of natural products or characterization of drugs, available in small quantities. The results provide a starting point for a broader implementation of DNP in liquid-state NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Levien
- Electron-Spin Resonance Spectroscopy, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Georg-August-University, Tammannstr. 6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luming Yang
- Electron-Spin Resonance Spectroscopy, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alex van der Ham
- Electron-Spin Resonance Spectroscopy, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Maik Reinhard
- Electron-Spin Resonance Spectroscopy, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Georg-August-University, Tammannstr. 6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael John
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Georg-August-University, Tammannstr. 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Armin Purea
- Bruker Biospin GmbH, Rudolf-Plank-Str. 23, 76275, Ettlingen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Ganz
- Bruker Biospin GmbH, Rudolf-Plank-Str. 23, 76275, Ettlingen, Germany
| | | | - Igor Tkach
- Electron-Spin Resonance Spectroscopy, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tomas Orlando
- Electron-Spin Resonance Spectroscopy, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 E. Paul Dirac Dr., 32310, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Marina Bennati
- Electron-Spin Resonance Spectroscopy, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Georg-August-University, Tammannstr. 6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
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2
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Wodtke P, Grashei M, Schilling F. Quo Vadis Hyperpolarized 13C MRI? Z Med Phys 2023:S0939-3889(23)00120-4. [PMID: 38160135 DOI: 10.1016/j.zemedi.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, hyperpolarized 13C MRI has gained significance in both preclinical and clinical studies, hereby relying on technologies like PHIP-SAH (ParaHydrogen-Induced Polarization-Side Arm Hydrogenation), SABRE (Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange), and dDNP (dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization), with dDNP being applied in humans. A clinical dDNP polarizer has enabled studies across 24 sites, despite challenges like high cost and slow polarization. Parahydrogen-based techniques like SABRE and PHIP offer faster, more cost-efficient alternatives but require molecule-specific optimization. The focus has been on imaging metabolism of hyperpolarized probes, which requires long T1, high polarization and rapid contrast generation. Efforts to establish novel probes, improve acquisition techniques and enhance data analysis methods including artificial intelligence are ongoing. Potential clinical value of hyperpolarized 13C MRI was demonstrated primarily for treatment response assessment in oncology, but also in cardiology, nephrology, hepatology and CNS characterization. In this review on biomedical hyperpolarized 13C MRI, we summarize important and recent advances in polarization techniques, probe development, acquisition and analysis methods as well as clinical trials. Starting from those we try to sketch a trajectory where the field of biomedical hyperpolarized 13C MRI might go.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Wodtke
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Klinikum rechts der Isar of Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge UK
| | - Martin Grashei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Klinikum rechts der Isar of Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Franz Schilling
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Klinikum rechts der Isar of Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
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3
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Sannelli F, Wang KC, Jensen PR, Meier S. Rapid probing of glucose influx into cancer cell metabolism: using adjuvant and a pH-dependent collection of central metabolites to improve in-cell D-DNP NMR. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:4870-4882. [PMID: 37702554 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay01120h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Changes to metabolism are a hallmark of many diseases. Disease metabolism under physiological conditions can be probed in real time with in-cell NMR assays. Here, we pursued a systematic approach towards improved in-cell NMR assays. Unambiguous identifications of metabolites and of intracellular pH are afforded by a comprehensive, downloadable collection of spectral data for central carbon metabolites in the physiological pH range (4.0-8.0). Chemical shifts of glycolytic intermediates provide unique pH dependent patterns akin to a barcode. Using hyperpolarized 13C1 enriched glucose as the probe molecule of central metabolism in cancer, we find that early glycolytic intermediates are detectable in PC-3 prostate cancer cell lines, concurrently yielding intracellular pH. Using non-enriched and non-enhanced pyruvate as an adjuvant, reactions of the pentose phosphate pathway become additionally detectable, without significant changes to the barriers in upper glycolysis and to intracellular pH. The scope of tracers for in-cell observations can thus be improved by the presence of adjuvants, showing that a recently proposed effect of pyruvate in the tumor environment is paralleled by a rerouting of cancer cell metabolism towards producing building blocks for proliferation. Overall, the combined use of reference data for compound identification, site specific labelling for reducing overlap, and use of adjuvant afford increasingly detailed insight into disease metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Sannelli
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Bygning 207, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Ke-Chuan Wang
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Elektrovej 349, 2800-Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Pernille Rose Jensen
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Elektrovej 349, 2800-Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sebastian Meier
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Bygning 207, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark.
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4
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Qi YM, Xiao EH. Advances in application of novel magnetic resonance imaging technologies in liver disease diagnosis. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:4384-4396. [PMID: 37576700 PMCID: PMC10415971 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i28.4384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver disease is a major health concern globally, with high morbidity and mor-tality rates. Precise diagnosis and assessment are vital for guiding treatment approaches, predicting outcomes, and improving patient prognosis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive diagnostic technique that has been widely used for detecting liver disease. Recent advancements in MRI technology, such as diffusion weighted imaging, intravoxel incoherent motion, magnetic resonance elastography, chemical exchange saturation transfer, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, hyperpolarized MR, contrast-enhanced MRI, and ra-diomics, have significantly improved the accuracy and effectiveness of liver disease diagnosis. This review aims to discuss the progress in new MRI technologies for liver diagnosis. By summarizing current research findings, we aim to provide a comprehensive reference for researchers and clinicians to optimize the use of MRI in liver disease diagnosis and improve patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ming Qi
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410000, Hunan Province, China
| | - En-Hua Xiao
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410000, Hunan Province, China
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5
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Li L, Zhang Q, Li J, Tian Y, Li J, Liu W, Diao H. A carboxylesterase-activatable near-infrared phototheranostic probe for tumor fluorescence imaging and photodynamic therapy. RSC Adv 2022; 12:35477-35483. [PMID: 36540215 PMCID: PMC9743415 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06929f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Phototheranostic probes have been proven to be a promising option for cancer diagnosis and treatment. However, near-infrared phototheranostic probes with specific tumor microenvironment responsiveness are still in demand. In this paper, a carboxylesterase (CES)-responsive near-infrared phototheranostic probe was developed by incorporating 6-acetamidohexanoic acid into a hemicyanine dye through an ester bond. The probe exhibits highly sensitive and selective fluorescence enhancement towards CES because CES-catalyzed cleavage of the ester bond leads to the release of the fluorophore. By virtue of its near-infrared analytical wavelengths and high sensitivity, the probe has been employed for endogenous CES activatable fluorescence imaging of tumor cells. Moreover, under 660 nm laser irradiation, the probe can generate toxic reactive oxygen species and efficiently kill tumor cells, with low cytotoxicity in dark. As far as we know, the probe was the first CES-responsive phototheranostic probe with both near-infrared analytical wavelengths and photosensitive capacity, which may be useful in the real-time and in situ imaging of CES as well as imaging-guided photodynamic therapy of tumors. Therefore, the proposed probe may have wide application prospect in cancer theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan 030001 PR China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education PR China
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan 030001 PR China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan 030001 PR China
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan 030001 PR China
| | - Jiaojiao Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan 030001 PR China
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan 030001 PR China
| | - Yafei Tian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan 030001 PR China
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan 030001 PR China
| | - Jinyao Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan 030001 PR China
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan 030001 PR China
| | - Wen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education PR China
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan 030001 PR China
| | - Haipeng Diao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan 030001 PR China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education PR China
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan 030001 PR China
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6
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Ye Z, Song B, Lee PM, Ohliger MA, Laustsen C. Hyperpolarized carbon 13 MRI in liver diseases: Recent advances and future opportunities. Liver Int 2022; 42:973-983. [PMID: 35230742 PMCID: PMC9313895 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpolarized carbon-13 magnetic resonance imaging (HP 13 C MRI) is a recently translated metabolic imaging technique. With dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (d-DNP), more than 10 000-fold signal enhancement can be readily reached, making it possible to visualize real-time metabolism and specific substrate-to-metabolite conversions in the liver after injecting carbon-13 labelled probes. Increasing evidence suggests that HP 13 C MRI is a potential tool in detecting liver abnormalities, predicting disease progression and monitoring response treatment. In this review, we will introduce the recent progresses of HP 13 C MRI in diffuse liver diseases and liver malignancies and discuss its future opportunities from a clinical perspective, hoping to provide a comprehensive overview of this novel technique in liver diseases and highlight its scientific and clinical potential in the field of hepatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Ye
- Department of RadiologyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
- The MR Research Center, Department of Clinical MedicineAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Bin Song
- Department of RadiologyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Philip M. Lee
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical ImagingUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Michael A. Ohliger
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical ImagingUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Christoffer Laustsen
- The MR Research Center, Department of Clinical MedicineAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
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7
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Saito Y, Yatabe H, Tamura I, Kondo Y, Ishida R, Seki T, Hiraga K, Eguchi A, Takakusagi Y, Saito K, Oshima N, Ishikita H, Yamamoto K, Krishna MC, Sando S. Structure-guided design enables development of a hyperpolarized molecular probe for the detection of aminopeptidase N activity in vivo. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabj2667. [PMID: 35353577 PMCID: PMC8967239 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj2667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) is a cutting-edge technique that markedly enhances the detection sensitivity of molecules using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This methodology enables real-time imaging of dynamic metabolic status in vivo using MRI. To expand the targetable metabolic reactions, there is a demand for developing exogenous, i.e., artificially designed, DNP-NMR molecular probes; however, complying with the requirements of practical DNP-NMR molecular probes is challenging because of the lack of established design guidelines. Here, we report Ala-[1-13C]Gly-d2-NMe2 as a DNP-NMR molecular probe for in vivo detection of aminopeptidase N activity. We developed this probe rationally through precise structural investigation, calculation, biochemical assessment, and advanced molecular design to achieve rapid and detectable responses to enzyme activity in vivo. With the fabricated probe, we successfully detected enzymatic activity in vivo. This report presents a comprehensive approach for the development of artificially derived, practical DNP-NMR molecular probes through structure-guided molecular design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaro Saito
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yatabe
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Iori Tamura
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yohei Kondo
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Ryo Ishida
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tomohiro Seki
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Keita Hiraga
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Akihiro Eguchi
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yoichi Takakusagi
- Quantum Hyperpolarized MRI Group, Institute for Quantum Life Science (iQLS), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage, Chiba-city 263-8555, Japan
- Institute for Quantum Medical Science (iQMS), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage, Chiba-city 263-8555, Japan
| | - Keisuke Saito
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Nobu Oshima
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hiroshi Ishikita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Yamamoto
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Murali C. Krishna
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Corresponding author. (M.C.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Shinsuke Sando
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Corresponding author. (M.C.K.); (S.S.)
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8
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Non-Invasive Analysis of Human Liver Metabolism by Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11110751. [PMID: 34822409 PMCID: PMC8623827 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11110751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is a key node of whole-body nutrient and fuel metabolism and is also the principal site for detoxification of xenobiotic compounds. As such, hepatic metabolite concentrations and/or turnover rates inform on the status of both hepatic and systemic metabolic diseases as well as the disposition of medications. As a tool to better understand liver metabolism in these settings, in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) offers a non-invasive means of monitoring hepatic metabolic activity in real time both by direct observation of concentrations and dynamics of specific metabolites as well as by observation of their enrichment by stable isotope tracers. This review summarizes the applications and advances in human liver metabolic studies by in vivo MRS over the past 35 years and discusses future directions and opportunities that will be opened by the development of ultra-high field MR systems and by hyperpolarized stable isotope tracers.
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9
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Nascimento JCR, Matos GA, Pereira LC, Mourão AECCB, Sampaio AM, Oriá RB, Toniutto P. Impact of apolipoprotein E genetic polymorphisms on liver disease: An essential review. Ann Hepatol 2021; 19:24-30. [PMID: 31548169 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2019.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cirrhosis is an advanced stage of liver disease, compromising liver function with systemic health implications and poor quality of life. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and alcoholic liver disease are the main causes of this pathology. However, since genetic factors may play a large role in the progression and severity of liver disease, and as apolipoprotein E (apoE) has been recognised to be mainly synthesised in the liver, apoE polymorphism studies are important to better understand the causal mechanisms in liver diseases. In this review, we summarise up-to-date studies addressing how apoE polymorphisms influence liver cirrhosis and liver transplantation outcomes and potential protective mechanisms. Although more clinical studies are needed to support these findings, the apoE ɛ4 allele seems to be protective against the progression of liver cirrhosis in the majority of aetiologies and the postoperative serum apoE phenotype of the transplanted subject receptors was converted to that of the donor, indicating that >90% of apoE in plasma is synthesised in the hepatic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- José C R Nascimento
- Laboratory of Biology of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, Department of Morphology and Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Department of Anesthesia and Liver Transplantation, Fortaleza General Hospital, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Gabriella A Matos
- Laboratory of Biology of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, Department of Morphology and Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Lianna C Pereira
- Laboratory of Biology of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, Department of Morphology and Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Anderson E C C B Mourão
- Department of Anesthesia and Liver Transplantation, Fortaleza General Hospital, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Aline M Sampaio
- Department of Anesthesia and Liver Transplantation, Fortaleza General Hospital, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Reinaldo B Oriá
- Department of Anesthesia and Liver Transplantation, Fortaleza General Hospital, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - Pierluigi Toniutto
- Hepatology and Liver Transplantation Unit, Department of Medical Area (DAME) Academic Hospital, University of Udine, Italy
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10
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Topping GJ, Hundshammer C, Nagel L, Grashei M, Aigner M, Skinner JG, Schulte RF, Schilling F. Acquisition strategies for spatially resolved magnetic resonance detection of hyperpolarized nuclei. MAGMA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 33:221-256. [PMID: 31811491 PMCID: PMC7109201 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-019-00807-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hyperpolarization is an emerging method in magnetic resonance imaging that allows nuclear spin polarization of gases or liquids to be temporarily enhanced by up to five or six orders of magnitude at clinically relevant field strengths and administered at high concentration to a subject at the time of measurement. This transient gain in signal has enabled the non-invasive detection and imaging of gas ventilation and diffusion in the lungs, perfusion in blood vessels and tissues, and metabolic conversion in cells, animals, and patients. The rapid development of this method is based on advances in polarizer technology, the availability of suitable probe isotopes and molecules, improved MRI hardware and pulse sequence development. Acquisition strategies for hyperpolarized nuclei are not yet standardized and are set up individually at most sites depending on the specific requirements of the probe, the object of interest, and the MRI hardware. This review provides a detailed introduction to spatially resolved detection of hyperpolarized nuclei and summarizes novel and previously established acquisition strategies for different key areas of application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey J Topping
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Hundshammer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Luca Nagel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Grashei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Aigner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jason G Skinner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Franz Schilling
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
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11
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Chen W, Sharma G, Jiang W, Maptue NR, Malloy CR, Sherry AD, Khemtong C. Metabolism of hyperpolarized 13 C-acetoacetate to β-hydroxybutyrate detects real-time mitochondrial redox state and dysfunction in heart tissue. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2019; 32:e4091. [PMID: 30968985 PMCID: PMC6525062 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is considered to be an important component of many metabolic diseases yet there is no reliable imaging biomarker for monitoring mitochondrial damage in vivo. A large prior literature on inter-conversion of β-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate indicates that the process is mitochondrial and that the ratio reflects a specifically mitochondrial redox state. Therefore, the conversion of [1,3-13 C]acetoacetate to [1,3-13 C]β-hydroxybutyrate is expected to be sensitive to the abnormal redox state present in dysfunctional mitochondria. In this study, we examined the conversion of hyperpolarized (HP) 13 C-acetoacetate (AcAc) to 13 C-β-hydroxybutyrate (β-HB) as a potential imaging biomarker for mitochondrial redox and dysfunction in perfused rat hearts. Conversion of HP-AcAc to β-HB was investigated using 13 C magnetic resonance spectroscopy in Langendorff-perfused rat hearts in four groups: control, global ischemic reperfusion, low-flow ischemic, and rotenone (mitochondrial complex-I inhibitor)-treated hearts. We observed that more β-HB was produced from AcAc in ischemic hearts and the hearts exposed to complex I inhibitor rotenone compared with controls, consistent with the accumulation of excess mitochondrial NADH. The increase in β-HB, as detected by 13 C MRS, was validated by a direct measure of tissue β-HB by 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance in tissue extracts. The redox ratio, NAD+ /NADH, measured by enzyme assays of homogenized tissue, also paralleled production of β-HB from AcAc. Transmission electron microscopy of tissues provided direct evidence for abnormal mitochondrial structure in each ischemic tissue model. The results suggest that conversion of HP-AcAc to HP-β-HB detected by 13 C-MRS may serve as a useful diagnostic marker of mitochondrial redox and dysfunction in heart tissue in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Weina Jiang
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Nesmine R. Maptue
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Craig R. Malloy
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- VA North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - A. Dean Sherry
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Chalermchai Khemtong
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Correspondence: Chalermchai Khemtong, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-8568, USA. Phone: +1 (214) 645-2772;
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12
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Najac C, Radoul M, Le Page LM, Batsios G, Subramani E, Viswanath P, Gillespie AM, Ronen SM. In vivo investigation of hyperpolarized [1,3- 13C 2]acetoacetate as a metabolic probe in normal brain and in glioma. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3402. [PMID: 30833594 PMCID: PMC6399277 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39677-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation in NAD+/NADH levels is associated with increased cell division and elevated levels of reactive oxygen species in rapidly proliferating cancer cells. Conversion of the ketone body acetoacetate (AcAc) to β-hydroxybutyrate (β-HB) by the mitochondrial enzyme β-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (BDH) depends upon NADH availability. The β-HB-to-AcAc ratio is therefore expected to reflect mitochondrial redox. Previous studies reported the potential of hyperpolarized 13C-AcAc to monitor mitochondrial redox in cells, perfused organs and in vivo. However, the ability of hyperpolarized 13C-AcAc to cross the blood brain barrier (BBB) and its potential to monitor brain metabolism remained unknown. Our goal was to assess the value of hyperpolarized [1,3-13C2]AcAc in healthy and tumor-bearing mice in vivo. Following hyperpolarized [1,3-13C2]AcAc injection, production of [1,3-13C2]β-HB was detected in normal and tumor-bearing mice. Significantly higher levels of [1-13C]AcAc and lower [1-13C]β-HB-to-[1-13C]AcAc ratios were observed in tumor-bearing mice. These results were consistent with decreased BDH activity in tumors and associated with increased total cellular NAD+/NADH. Our study confirmed that AcAc crosses the BBB and can be used for monitoring metabolism in the brain. It highlights the potential of AcAc for future clinical translation and its potential utility for monitoring metabolic changes associated with glioma, and other neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Najac
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Marina Radoul
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Lydia M Le Page
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Georgios Batsios
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Elavarasan Subramani
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Pavithra Viswanath
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Anne Marie Gillespie
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Sabrina M Ronen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.
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13
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Orlando T, Dervişoğlu R, Levien M, Tkach I, Prisner TF, Andreas LB, Denysenkov VP, Bennati M. Dynamic Nuclear Polarization of 13
C Nuclei in the Liquid State over a 10 Tesla Field Range. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 58:1402-1406. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201811892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Orlando
- Research Group of EPR Spectroscopy; Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry; Am Fassberg 11 Göttingen Germany
| | - Rıza Dervişoğlu
- Department of NMR Based Structural Biology; Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry; Am Fassberg 11 Göttingen Germany
| | - Marcel Levien
- Research Group of EPR Spectroscopy; Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry; Am Fassberg 11 Göttingen Germany
- Department of Chemistry; Georg-August-University; Tammannstrasse 4 Göttingen Germany
| | - Igor Tkach
- Research Group of EPR Spectroscopy; Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry; Am Fassberg 11 Göttingen Germany
| | - Thomas F. Prisner
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry and Center of Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance; Goethe University; Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Loren B. Andreas
- Department of NMR Based Structural Biology; Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry; Am Fassberg 11 Göttingen Germany
| | - Vasyl P. Denysenkov
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry and Center of Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance; Goethe University; Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Marina Bennati
- Research Group of EPR Spectroscopy; Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry; Am Fassberg 11 Göttingen Germany
- Department of Chemistry; Georg-August-University; Tammannstrasse 4 Göttingen Germany
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14
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Orlando T, Dervişoğlu R, Levien M, Tkach I, Prisner TF, Andreas LB, Denysenkov VP, Bennati M. Dynamic Nuclear Polarization of 13
C Nuclei in the Liquid State over a 10 Tesla Field Range. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201811892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Orlando
- Research Group of EPR Spectroscopy; Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry; Am Fassberg 11 Göttingen Germany
| | - Rıza Dervişoğlu
- Department of NMR Based Structural Biology; Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry; Am Fassberg 11 Göttingen Germany
| | - Marcel Levien
- Research Group of EPR Spectroscopy; Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry; Am Fassberg 11 Göttingen Germany
- Department of Chemistry; Georg-August-University; Tammannstrasse 4 Göttingen Germany
| | - Igor Tkach
- Research Group of EPR Spectroscopy; Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry; Am Fassberg 11 Göttingen Germany
| | - Thomas F. Prisner
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry and Center of Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance; Goethe University; Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Loren B. Andreas
- Department of NMR Based Structural Biology; Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry; Am Fassberg 11 Göttingen Germany
| | - Vasyl P. Denysenkov
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry and Center of Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance; Goethe University; Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Marina Bennati
- Research Group of EPR Spectroscopy; Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry; Am Fassberg 11 Göttingen Germany
- Department of Chemistry; Georg-August-University; Tammannstrasse 4 Göttingen Germany
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15
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Maptue N, Jiang W, Harrison C, Funk AM, Sharma G, Malloy CR, Sherry D, Khemtong C. Esterase-Catalyzed Production of Hyperpolarized 13C-Enriched Carbon Dioxide in Tissues for Measuring pH. ACS Sens 2018; 3:2232-2236. [PMID: 30398335 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b01097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
13C Magnetic resonance imaging of hyperpolarized (HP) 13C-enriched bicarbonate (H13CO3-) and carbon dioxide (13CO2) is a novel and sensitive technique for tissue pH mapping in vivo. Administration of the HP physiological buffer pair is attractive, but poor polarization and the short T1 of 13C-enriched inorganic bicarbonate salts are major drawbacks for this approach. Here, we report a new class of mixed anhydrides for esterase-catalyzed production of highly polarized 13CO2 and H13CO3- in tissue. A series of precursors with different alkoxy and acyl groups were synthesized and tested for chemical stability and T1. 13C-enriched ethyl acetyl carbonate (13C-EAC) was found to be the most suitable candidate due to the relatively long T1 and good chemical stability. Our results showed that 13C-EAC can be efficiently and rapidly polarized using BDPA. HP 13C-EAC was rapidly hydrolyzed by esterase to 13C-enriched monoacetyl carbonate (13C-MAC), which then decomposed to HP 13CO2. Equilibrium between the newly produced 13CO2 and H13CO3- was quickly established by carbonic anhydrase, producing a physiological buffer pair with 13C NMR signals that can be quantified for pH measurements. Finally, in vivo tissue pH measurements using HP 13C-EAC was successfully demonstrated in the liver of healthy rats. These results suggest that HP 13C-EAC is a novel imaging probe for in vivo pH measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Craig R. Malloy
- Veteran Affairs North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, Texas 75216, United States
| | - Dean Sherry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
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16
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Miller JJ, Ball DR, Lau AZ, Tyler DJ. Hyperpolarized ketone body metabolism in the rat heart. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2018; 31:e3912. [PMID: 29637642 PMCID: PMC6001529 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to investigate the use of 13 C-labelled acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate as novel hyperpolarized substrates in the study of cardiac metabolism. [1-13 C]Acetoacetate was synthesized by catalysed hydrolysis, and both it and [1-13 C]β-hydroxybutyrate were hyperpolarized by dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP). Their metabolism was studied in isolated, perfused rat hearts. Hyperpolarized [1-13 C]acetoacetate metabolism was also studied in the in vivo rat heart in the fed and fasted states. Hyperpolarization of [1-13 C]acetoacetate and [1-13 C]β-hydroxybutyrate provided liquid state polarizations of 8 ± 2% and 3 ± 1%, respectively. The hyperpolarized T1 values for the two substrates were 28 ± 3 s (acetoacetate) and 20 ± 1 s (β-hydroxybutyrate). Multiple downstream metabolites were observed within the perfused heart, including acetylcarnitine, citrate and glutamate. In the in vivo heart, an increase in acetylcarnitine production from acetoacetate was observed in the fed state, as well as a potential reduction in glutamate. In this work, methods for the generation of hyperpolarized [1-13 C]acetoacetate and [1-13 C]β-hydroxybutyrate were investigated, and their metabolism was assessed in both isolated, perfused rat hearts and in the in vivo rat heart. These preliminary investigations show that DNP can be used as an effective in vivo probe of ketone body metabolism in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack J. Miller
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Daniel R. Ball
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Angus Z. Lau
- Sunnybrook Research InstituteImaging ResearchTorontoONCanada
- Department of Medical BiophysicsUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Damian J. Tyler
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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17
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von Morze C, Ohliger MA, Marco-Rius I, Wilson DM, Flavell RR, Pearce D, Vigneron DB, Kurhanewicz J, Wang ZJ. Direct assessment of renal mitochondrial redox state using hyperpolarized 13 C-acetoacetate. Magn Reson Med 2018; 79:1862-1869. [PMID: 29314217 PMCID: PMC5815327 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the hyperpolarized ketone body 13 C-acetoacetate (AcAc) and its conversion to 13 C-β-hydroxybutyrate (βOHB) in vivo, catalyzed by β-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (BDH), as a novel direct marker of mitochondrial redox state. METHODS [1,3-13 C2 ]AcAc was synthesized by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester, and hyperpolarized via dissolution DNP. Cold storage under basic conditions resulted in sufficient chemical stability for use in hyperpolarized (HP) MRI studies. Polarizations and relaxation times of HP [1,3-13 C2 ]AcAc were measured in a clinical 3T MRI scanner, and 8 rats were scanned by dynamic HP 13 C MR spectroscopy of a slab through the kidneys. Four rats were scanned after acute treatment with high dose metformin (125 mg/kg, intravenous), which is known to modulate mitochondrial redox via inhibition of mitochondrial complex I. An additional metformin-treated rat was scanned by abdominal 2D CSI (8 mm × 8 mm). RESULTS Polarizations of 7 ± 1% and 7 ± 3%, and T1 relaxation times of 58 ± 5 s and 52 ± 3 s, were attained at the C1 and C3 positions, respectively. Rapid conversion of HP AcAc to βOHB was detected in rat kidney in vivo, via the C1 label. The product HP βOHB was resolved from closely resonating acetate. Conversion to βOHB was also detected via 2D CSI, in both kidney as well as liver regions. Metformin treatment resulted in a significant increase (40%, P = 0.01) of conversion of HP AcAc to βOHB. CONCLUSION Rapid conversion of HP AcAc to βOHB was observed in rat kidney in vivo and is a promising new non-invasive marker of mitochondrial redox state. Magn Reson Med 79:1862-1869, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelius von Morze
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Michael A. Ohliger
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Irene Marco-Rius
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco
| | - David M. Wilson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Robert R. Flavell
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco
| | - David Pearce
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Daniel B. Vigneron
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco
| | - John Kurhanewicz
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Zhen J. Wang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco
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18
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Balzan R, Fernandes L, Pidial L, Comment A, Tavitian B, Vasos PR. Pyruvate cellular uptake and enzymatic conversion probed by dissolution DNP-NMR: the impact of overexpressed membrane transporters. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2017; 55:579-583. [PMID: 27859555 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Pyruvate membrane crossing and its lactate dehydrogenase-mediated conversion to lactate in cells featuring different levels of expression of membrane monocarboxylate transporters (MCT4) were probed by dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization-enhanced NMR. Hyperpolarized 13 C-1-labeled pyruvate was transferred to suspensions of rodent tumor cell carcinoma, cell line 39. The pyruvate-to-lactate conversion rate monitored by dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization-NMR in carcinoma cells featuring native MCT4 expression level was lower than the rate observed for cells in which the human MCT4 gene was overexpressed. The enzymatic activity of lactate dehydrogenase was also assessed in buffer solutions, following the real-time pyruvate-to-lactate conversion speeds at different enzyme concentrations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Balzan
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, UMR 8601, UFR Biomédicale et des Sciences de Base, Université Paris Descartes - CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Laetitia Fernandes
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, UMR 8601, UFR Biomédicale et des Sciences de Base, Université Paris Descartes - CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Laetitia Pidial
- PARCC - Inserm U970 - Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Comment
- EPFL, Institute of Physics of Biological Systems, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bertrand Tavitian
- PARCC - Inserm U970 - Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Paul R Vasos
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, UMR 8601, UFR Biomédicale et des Sciences de Base, Université Paris Descartes - CNRS, Paris, France
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19
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One-thousand-fold enhancement of high field liquid nuclear magnetic resonance signals at room temperature. Nat Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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20
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Design of a 15N Molecular Unit to Achieve Long Retention of Hyperpolarized Spin State. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40104. [PMID: 28067292 PMCID: PMC5220364 DOI: 10.1038/srep40104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear hyperpolarization is a phenomenon that can be used to improve the sensitivity of magnetic resonance molecular sensors. However, such sensors typically suffer from short hyperpolarization lifetime. Herein we report that [15N, D14]trimethylphenylammonium (TMPA) has a remarkably long spin–lattice relaxation time (1128 s, 14.1 T, 30 °C, D2O) on its 15N nuclei and achieves a long retention of the hyperpolarized state. [15N, D14]TMPA-based hyperpolarized sensor for carboxylesterase allowed the highly sensitive analysis of enzymatic reaction by 15N NMR for over 40 min in phophate-buffered saline (H2O, pH 7.4, 37 °C).
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21
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Timm KN, Kennedy BWC, Brindle KM. Imaging Tumor Metabolism to Assess Disease Progression and Treatment Response. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:5196-5203. [PMID: 27609841 PMCID: PMC5321522 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Changes in tumor metabolism may accompany disease progression and can occur following treatment, often before there are changes in tumor size. We focus here on imaging methods that can be used to image various aspects of tumor metabolism, with an emphasis on methods that can be used for tumor grading, assessing disease progression, and monitoring treatment response. Clin Cancer Res; 22(21); 5196-203. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin N Timm
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Brett W C Kennedy
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin M Brindle
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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22
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Fan TWM, Lane AN. Applications of NMR spectroscopy to systems biochemistry. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2016; 92-93:18-53. [PMID: 26952191 PMCID: PMC4850081 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The past decades of advancements in NMR have made it a very powerful tool for metabolic research. Despite its limitations in sensitivity relative to mass spectrometric techniques, NMR has a number of unparalleled advantages for metabolic studies, most notably the rigor and versatility in structure elucidation, isotope-filtered selection of molecules, and analysis of positional isotopomer distributions in complex mixtures afforded by multinuclear and multidimensional experiments. In addition, NMR has the capacity for spatially selective in vivo imaging and dynamical analysis of metabolism in tissues of living organisms. In conjunction with the use of stable isotope tracers, NMR is a method of choice for exploring the dynamics and compartmentation of metabolic pathways and networks, for which our current understanding is grossly insufficient. In this review, we describe how various direct and isotope-edited 1D and 2D NMR methods can be employed to profile metabolites and their isotopomer distributions by stable isotope-resolved metabolomic (SIRM) analysis. We also highlight the importance of sample preparation methods including rapid cryoquenching, efficient extraction, and chemoselective derivatization to facilitate robust and reproducible NMR-based metabolomic analysis. We further illustrate how NMR has been applied in vitro, ex vivo, or in vivo in various stable isotope tracer-based metabolic studies, to gain systematic and novel metabolic insights in different biological systems, including human subjects. The pathway and network knowledge generated from NMR- and MS-based tracing of isotopically enriched substrates will be invaluable for directing functional analysis of other 'omics data to achieve understanding of regulation of biochemical systems, as demonstrated in a case study. Future developments in NMR technologies and reagents to enhance both detection sensitivity and resolution should further empower NMR in systems biochemical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa W-M Fan
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone St., Lexington, KY 40536, United States.
| | - Andrew N Lane
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone St., Lexington, KY 40536, United States.
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23
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Josan S, Billingsley K, Orduna J, Park JM, Luong R, Yu L, Hurd R, Pfefferbaum A, Spielman D, Mayer D. Assessing inflammatory liver injury in an acute CCl4 model using dynamic 3D metabolic imaging of hyperpolarized [1-(13)C]pyruvate. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2015; 28:1671-7. [PMID: 26474216 PMCID: PMC4720258 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
To facilitate diagnosis and staging of liver disease, sensitive and non-invasive methods for the measurement of liver metabolism are needed. This study used hyperpolarized (13)C-pyruvate to assess metabolic parameters in a CCl4 model of liver damage in rats. Dynamic 3D (13)C chemical shift imaging data from a volume covering kidney and liver were acquired from 8 control and 10 CCl4-treated rats. At 12 time points at 5 s temporal resolution, we quantified the signal intensities and established time courses for pyruvate, alanine, and lactate. These measurements were compared with standard liver histology and an alanine transaminase (ALT) enzyme assay using liver tissue from the same animals. All CCl4-treated but none of the control animals showed histological liver damage and elevated ALT enzyme levels. In agreement with these results, metabolic imaging revealed an increased alanine/pyruvate ratio in liver of CCl4-treated rats, which is indicative of elevated ALT activity. Similarly, lactate/pyruvate ratios were higher in CCl4-treated compared with control animals, demonstrating the presence of inflammation. No significant differences in metabolite ratios were observed in kidney or vasculature. Thus this work shows that metabolic imaging using (13)C-pyruvate can be a successful tool to non-invasively assess liver damage in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Josan
- SRI International, Neuroscience Program, Menlo Park, CA
- Stanford University, Department of Radiology, Stanford, CA
| | - Kelvin Billingsley
- Stanford University, Department of Radiology, Stanford, CA
- San Francisco State University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Francisco, CA
| | - Juan Orduna
- SRI International, Neuroscience Program, Menlo Park, CA
| | - Jae Mo Park
- Stanford University, Department of Radiology, Stanford, CA
| | - Richard Luong
- Stanford University, Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Liqing Yu
- University of Maryland, Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, College Park, MD
| | - Ralph Hurd
- GE Healthcare Applied Sciences Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA
| | - Adolf Pfefferbaum
- SRI International, Neuroscience Program, Menlo Park, CA
- Stanford University, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford, CA
| | | | - Dirk Mayer
- SRI International, Neuroscience Program, Menlo Park, CA
- Stanford University, Department of Radiology, Stanford, CA
- University of Maryland, Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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24
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Comment A, Merritt ME. Hyperpolarized magnetic resonance as a sensitive detector of metabolic function. Biochemistry 2014; 53:7333-57. [PMID: 25369537 PMCID: PMC4255644 DOI: 10.1021/bi501225t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Hyperpolarized magnetic resonance
allows for noninvasive measurements
of biochemical reactions in vivo. Although this technique
provides a unique tool for assaying enzymatic activities in intact
organs, the scope of its application is still elusive for the wider
scientific community. The purpose of this review is to provide key
principles and parameters to guide the researcher interested in adopting
this technology to address a biochemical, biomedical, or medical issue.
It is presented in the form of a compendium containing the underlying
essential physical concepts as well as suggestions to help assess
the potential of the technique within the framework of specific research
environments. Explicit examples are used to illustrate the power as
well as the limitations of hyperpolarized magnetic resonance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Comment
- Institute of Physics of Biological Systems, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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