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Zhao J, Qiu C, Wan R, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Yang D, Yang Y, Sun X. Inhibition of CIRBP represses the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells via inhibiting Rheb/mTORC1 axis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 725:150248. [PMID: 38870847 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
The excessive migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) plays a vital role in vascular intimal hyperplasia. CIRBP is involved in the proliferation of various cancer cells. This study was aimed to explore the role of CIRBP in the proliferation and migration of VSMCs. Adenovirus was used to interfere with cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRBP) expression, while lentivirus was used to overexpress Ras homolog enriched in brain (Rheb). Western blotting and qRT-PCR were used to evaluate the expression of CIRBP, Rheb, and mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activity. The cell proliferation was determined by Ki67 immunofluorescence staining and CCK-8 assay. The wound healing assay was performed to assess cell migration. Additionally, immunohistochemistry was conducted to explore the role of CIRBP in intimal hyperplasia after vascular injury. We found that silencing CIRBP inhibited the proliferation and migration of VSMCs, decreased the expression of Rheb and mTORC1 activity. Restoration of mTORC1 activity via insulin or overexpression of Rheb via lentiviral transfection both attenuated the inhibitory effects of silencing CIRBP on the proliferation and migration of VSMCs. Moreover, Rheb overexpression abolished the inhibitory effect of silencing CIRBP on mTORC1 activity in VSMCs. CIRBP was upregulated in the injured carotid artery. Silencing CIRBP ameliorated intimal hyperplasia after vascular injury. In the summary, silencing CIRBP attenuates mTORC1 activity via reducing Rheb expression, thereby supressing the proliferation and migration of VSMCs and intimal hyperplasia after vascular injury.
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MESH Headings
- Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1/metabolism
- Ras Homolog Enriched in Brain Protein/metabolism
- Ras Homolog Enriched in Brain Protein/genetics
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Movement
- Animals
- RNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/cytology
- Cells, Cultured
- Signal Transduction
- Male
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Humans
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, 610083, China
| | - Chenming Qiu
- Department of Burn, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, 610083, China
| | - Rong Wan
- Department of Burn, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, 610083, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, 610083, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, 610083, China
| | - Dachun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, 610083, China
| | - Yongjian Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, 610083, China.
| | - Xiongshan Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, 610083, China.
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2
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Li M, Huang W, Zhang Y, Du Y, Zhao S, Wang L, Sun Y, Sha B, Yan J, Ma Y, Tang J, Shi J, Li P, Jia L, Hu T, Chen P. Glucose deprivation triggers DCAF1-mediated inactivation of Rheb-mTORC1 and promotes cancer cell survival. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:409. [PMID: 38862475 PMCID: PMC11166663 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06808-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Low glucose is a common microenvironment for rapidly growing solid tumors, which has developed multiple approaches to survive under glucose deprivation. However, the specific regulatory mechanism remains largely elusive. In this study, we demonstrate that glucose deprivation, while not amino acid or serum starvation, transactivates the expression of DCAF1. This enhances the K48-linked polyubiquitination and proteasome-dependent degradation of Rheb, inhibits mTORC1 activity, induces autophagy, and facilitates cancer cell survival under glucose deprivation conditions. This study identified DCAF1 as a new cellular glucose sensor and uncovered new insights into mechanism of DCAF1-mediated inactivation of Rheb-mTORC1 pathway for promoting cancer cell survival in response to glucose deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Li
- Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Wenjing Huang
- Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yue Du
- Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Shan Zhao
- Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Longhao Wang
- Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yaxin Sun
- Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Beibei Sha
- Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450014, China
| | - Jie Yan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yangcheng Ma
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Jinlu Tang
- Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jianxiang Shi
- Precision Medicine Center, Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & BGI College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Pei Li
- Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Lijun Jia
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Tao Hu
- Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Ping Chen
- Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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3
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Rahman M, Nguyen TM, Lee GJ, Kim B, Park MK, Lee CH. Unraveling the Role of Ras Homolog Enriched in Brain (Rheb1 and Rheb2): Bridging Neuronal Dynamics and Cancer Pathogenesis through Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1489. [PMID: 38338768 PMCID: PMC10855792 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Ras homolog enriched in brain (Rheb1 and Rheb2), small GTPases, play a crucial role in regulating neuronal activity and have gained attention for their implications in cancer development, particularly in breast cancer. This study delves into the intricate connection between the multifaceted functions of Rheb1 in neurons and cancer, with a specific focus on the mTOR pathway. It aims to elucidate Rheb1's involvement in pivotal cellular processes such as proliferation, apoptosis resistance, migration, invasion, metastasis, and inflammatory responses while acknowledging that Rheb2 has not been extensively studied. Despite the recognized associations, a comprehensive understanding of the intricate interplay between Rheb1 and Rheb2 and their roles in both nerve and cancer remains elusive. This review consolidates current knowledge regarding the impact of Rheb1 on cancer hallmarks and explores the potential of Rheb1 as a therapeutic target in cancer treatment. It emphasizes the necessity for a deeper comprehension of the molecular mechanisms underlying Rheb1-mediated oncogenic processes, underscoring the existing gaps in our understanding. Additionally, the review highlights the exploration of Rheb1 inhibitors as a promising avenue for cancer therapy. By shedding light on the complicated roles between Rheb1/Rheb2 and cancer, this study provides valuable insights to the scientific community. These insights are instrumental in guiding the identification of novel targets and advancing the development of effective therapeutic strategies for treating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafizur Rahman
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea; (M.R.); (G.J.L.)
| | - Tuan Minh Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea; (M.R.); (G.J.L.)
| | - Gi Jeong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea; (M.R.); (G.J.L.)
| | - Boram Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea; (M.R.); (G.J.L.)
| | - Mi Kyung Park
- Department of BioHealthcare, Hwasung Medi-Science University, Hwaseong-si 18274, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea; (M.R.); (G.J.L.)
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Zheng J, Zhao Y, Feng Y, Qian W, Zhang Y, Dong B, Liang Q. c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation contributes to improving low temperature tolerance via regulating apoptosis in the Pacific white shrimp Penaeus vannamei. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 139:108912. [PMID: 37353063 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Temperature is an essential environmental factor for the survival of aquatic animals. Low temperature stress can induce mitochondria to produce excessive ROS and free radicals, and destroy homeostasis. c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) is involved in regulating various physiological processes, including inflammatory responses, cell cycle, reproduction, and apoptosis. Here, we investigated the mechanism of ROS/JNK pathway under low temperature stress both in vitro and in vivo. In this study, transcriptome analysis revealed that apoptosis, autophagy, calcium channel, and antioxidant were involved in the mediation of low temperature tolerance in Pacific white shrimp (penaeus vannamei). PvJNK was activated in response to low temperature stress. Treatments with different temperature caused oxidative stress as demonstrated by increased intensity of the ROS indicator H2DCF-DA, and induced apoptosis as confirmed by indicator FITC. Pretreatment with N-acetylcysteine, an ROS scavenger, attenuated low temperature induced apoptosis, and inhibited the expression of PvJNK. In addition, we demonstrate that mediator PvJNK translocated to nuclear through interacting with PvRheb. By using flow cytometry, inhibiting PvJNK can increase the expression of apoptosis related genes, accelerate tissue damage, and induce ROS and cell apoptosis. The ultimate inhibition of PvJNK accelerates the mortality of shrimp under low temperature stress. Overall, these findings suggest that during low temperature stress, PvJNK was activated by ROS to regulates apoptosis via interacting with PvRheb to promote PvJNK into the nucleus and to improve low temperature tolerance of shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- JieRen Zheng
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immunity, School of Fishery, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, 316022, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immunity, School of Fishery, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, 316022, China
| | - YuXin Feng
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immunity, School of Fishery, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, 316022, China
| | - WeiGuo Qian
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immunity, School of Fishery, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, 316022, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immunity, School of Fishery, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, 316022, China
| | - BeiBei Dong
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immunity, School of Fishery, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, 316022, China.
| | - QingJian Liang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immunity, School of Fishery, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, 316022, China; College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China.
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5
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Kitano T, Nishikawa K, Takagaki T, Sugitani Y, Hino O, Kobayashi T. Induction by rapamycin and proliferation‑promoting activity of Hspb1 in a Tsc2‑deficient cell line. Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:315. [PMID: 37273756 PMCID: PMC10236050 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an intractable inherited disease caused by a germline mutation in either the TSC complex subunit 1 (TSC1) or TSC2 tumor suppressor genes. Recent progress in the treatment of TSC with rapamycin has provided benefits to patients with TSC. However, the complete elimination of tumors is difficult to achieve as regrowth often occurs after a drug is suspended; thus, more efficient medication and novel therapeutic targets are required. To overcome tumor remnants in the treatment of TSC, the present study investigated rapamycin-responsive signaling pathways in Tsc2-deficient tumor cells, focusing on heat shock protein-related pathways. The expression levels of heat shock protein family B (small) member 1 (Hspb1; also known as HSP25/27) were increased by rapamycin treatment. The phosphorylation of Hspb1 was also increased. The knockdown of Hspb1 suppressed cell proliferation in the absence of rapamycin, and the overexpression of Hspb1 enhanced cell proliferation both in the presence and absence of rapamycin. Pathways associated with Hspb1 may present target candidates for treatment of TSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Kitano
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Keiko Nishikawa
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Takagaki
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Sugitani
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Okio Hino
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kobayashi
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
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6
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Zhao X, Wang S, Wang S, Xie J, Cui D. mTOR signaling: A pivotal player in Treg cell dysfunction in systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Immunol 2022; 245:109153. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2022.109153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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7
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Armijo ME, Escalona E, Peña D, Farias A, Morin V, Baumann M, Klebl BM, Pincheira R, Castro AF. Blocking the Farnesyl Pocket of PDEδ Reduces Rheb-Dependent mTORC1 Activation and Survival of Tsc2-Null Cells. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:912688. [PMID: 35814251 PMCID: PMC9260180 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.912688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheb is a small GTPase member of the Ras superfamily and an activator of mTORC1, a protein complex master regulator of cell metabolism, growth, and proliferation. Rheb/mTORC1 pathway is hyperactivated in proliferative diseases, such as Tuberous Sclerosis Complex syndrome and cancer. Therefore, targeting Rheb-dependent signaling is a rational strategy for developing new drug therapies. Rheb activates mTORC1 in the cytosolic surface of lysosomal membranes. Rheb’s farnesylation allows its anchorage on membranes, while its proper localization depends on the prenyl-binding chaperone PDEδ. Recently, the use of PDEδ inhibitors has been proposed as anticancer agents because they interrupted KRas signaling leading to antiproliferative effects in KRas-dependent pancreatic cancer cells. However, the effect of PDEδ inhibition on the Rheb/mTORC1 pathway has been poorly investigated. Here, we evaluated the impact of a new PDEδ inhibitor, called Deltasonamide 1, in Tsc2-null MEFs, a Rheb-dependent overactivated mTORC1 cell line. By using a yeast two-hybrid assay, we first validated that Deltasonamide 1 disrupts Rheb-PDEδ interaction. Accordingly, we found that Deltasonamide 1 reduces mTORC1 targets activation. In addition, our results showed that Deltasonamide 1 has antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects on Tsc2-null MEFs but has less effect on Tsc2-wild type MEFs viability. This work proposes the pharmacological PDEδ inhibition as a new approach to target the abnormal Rheb/mTORC1 activation in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisol Estrella Armijo
- Laboratorio de Transducción de Señales y Cáncer, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas y Morfología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Emilia Escalona
- Laboratorio de Transducción de Señales y Cáncer, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Daniela Peña
- Laboratorio de Transducción de Señales y Cáncer, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Alejandro Farias
- Laboratorio de Transducción de Señales y Cáncer, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Violeta Morin
- Laboratorio de Proteasas y Cáncer, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | | | | | - Roxana Pincheira
- Laboratorio de Transducción de Señales y Cáncer, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- *Correspondence: Roxana Pincheira, ; Ariel Fernando Castro,
| | - Ariel Fernando Castro
- Laboratorio de Transducción de Señales y Cáncer, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- *Correspondence: Roxana Pincheira, ; Ariel Fernando Castro,
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8
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HDAC6 Negatively Regulates miR-155-5p Expression to Elicit Proliferation by Targeting RHEB in Microvascular Endothelial Cells under Mechanical Unloading. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910527. [PMID: 34638868 PMCID: PMC8508889 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical unloading contributes to significant cardiovascular deconditioning. Endothelial dysfunction in the sites of microcirculation may be one of the causes of the cardiovascular degeneration induced by unloading, but the detailed mechanism is still unclear. Here, we first demonstrated that mechanical unloading inhibited brain microvascular endothelial cell proliferation and downregulated histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) expression. Furthermore, HDAC6 promoted microvascular endothelial cell proliferation and attenuated the inhibition of proliferation caused by clinorotation unloading. To comprehensively identify microRNAs (miRNAs) that are regulated by HDAC6, we analyzed differential miRNA expression in microvascular endothelial cells after transfection with HDAC6 siRNA and selected miR-155-5p, which was the miRNA with the most significantly increased expression. The ectopic expression of miR-155-5p inhibited microvascular endothelial cell proliferation and directly downregulated Ras homolog enriched in brain (RHEB) expression. Moreover, RHEB expression was downregulated under mechanical unloading and was essential for the miR-155-5p-mediated promotion of microvascular endothelial cell proliferation. Taken together, these results are the first to elucidate the role of HDAC6 in unloading-induced cell growth inhibition through the miR-155-5p/RHEB axis, suggesting that the HDAC6/miR-155-5p/RHEB pathway is a specific target for the preventative treatment of cardiovascular deconditioning.
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9
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Tan J, Liu W, Li J, Zhang X, Liu Y, Yuan Y, Song Z. Over-expressed RHEB promotes the progression of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Life Sci 2021; 277:119462. [PMID: 33831427 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is essential in the progression of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD). But the role of Ras homolog enriched in brain (RHEB), a key activator of mTORC1, is unclear in this disease. This work aims to clarify the function of RHEB in PAAD. MATERIALS AND METHODS A pan-cancer analysis of RHEB was conducted by using data from several public available databases. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining on a tissue microarray was used to validate the expression of RHEB in PAAD. In vitro experiments were conducted to explore the function of RHEB in the disease. An integrated bioinformatics tools were used to understand the mechanism of RHEB and construct a RHEB-related prognostic signature. KEY FINDINGS RHEB was significantly overexpressed in PAAD and high expression of the gene was associated with poor prognosis. RHEB promoted proliferation, migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showed that RHEB participated in cell cycle progression and WNT signaling pathway. A RHEB-related prognostic signature was developed, and PAAD patients with high risk score had a significantly shorter overall survival. SIGNIFICANCE RHEB was up-regulated in PAAD and might be a useful therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Tan
- Department of Pathology, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Waner Liu
- Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Information Science and Engineering, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Oncology, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Pathology, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zewen Song
- Department of Oncology, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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10
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Proteome profile of telencephalon associates attenuated neurogenesis with chronic stress induced mood disorder phenotypes in zebrafish model. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2021; 204:173170. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2021.173170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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11
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Xie J, De Poi SP, Humphrey SJ, Hein LK, Bruning JB, Pan W, Selth LA, Sargeant TJ, Proud CG. TSC-insensitive Rheb mutations induce oncogenic transformation through a combination of constitutively active mTORC1 signalling and proteome remodelling. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:4035-4052. [PMID: 33834258 PMCID: PMC11072378 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03825-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is an important regulator of cellular metabolism that is commonly hyperactivated in cancer. Recent cancer genome screens have identified multiple mutations in Ras-homolog enriched in brain (Rheb), the primary activator of mTORC1 that might act as driver oncogenes by causing hyperactivation of mTORC1. Here, we show that a number of recurrently occurring Rheb mutants drive hyperactive mTORC1 signalling through differing levels of insensitivity to the primary inactivator of Rheb, tuberous sclerosis complex. We show that two activated mutants, Rheb-T23M and E40K, strongly drive increased cell growth, proliferation and anchorage-independent growth resulting in enhanced tumour growth in vivo. Proteomic analysis of cells expressing the mutations revealed, surprisingly, that these two mutants promote distinct oncogenic pathways with Rheb-T23M driving an increased rate of anaerobic glycolysis, while Rheb-E40K regulates the translation factor eEF2 and autophagy, likely through differential interactions with 5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) which modulate its activity. Our findings suggest that unique, personalized, combination therapies may be utilised to treat cancers according to which Rheb mutant they harbour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianling Xie
- Lifelong Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Stuart P De Poi
- Lifelong Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Sean J Humphrey
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Leanne K Hein
- Lysosomal Health in Ageing, Lifelong Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - John B Bruning
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Wenru Pan
- Lifelong Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Luke A Selth
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Timothy J Sargeant
- Lysosomal Health in Ageing, Lifelong Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Christopher G Proud
- Lifelong Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia.
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.
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12
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Sainani SR, Pansare PA, Rode K, Bhalchim V, Doke R, Desai S. Emendation of autophagic dysfuction in neurological disorders: a potential therapeutic target. Int J Neurosci 2020; 132:466-482. [PMID: 32924706 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1822356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurological disorders have been continuously contributing to the global disease burden and affect millions of people worldwide. Researchers strive hard to extract out the ultimate cure and serve for the betterment of the society, and yet the treatments available provide only symptomatic relief. Aging and abnormal mutations seem to be the major culprits responsible for neurotoxicity and neuronal death. One of the major causes of these neurological disorders that has been paid utmost attention recently, is Autophagic Dysfunction. AIM The aim of the study was to understand the autophagic process, its impairment in neurological disorders and targeting the impairments as a therapeutic option for the said disorders. METHODS For the purpose of review, we carried out an extensive literature study to excerpt the series of steps involved in autophagy and to understand the mechanism of autophagic impairment occurring in a range of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders like Parkinson, Alzheimer, Depression, Schizophrenia, Autism etc. The review also involved the exploration of certain molecules that can help in triggering the compromised autophagic members. RESULTS We found that, a number of genes, proteins, receptors and transcription factors interplay to bring about autophagy and plethora of neurological disorders are associated with the diminished expression of one or more autophagic member leading to inhibition of autophagy. CONCLUSION Autophagy is a significant process for the removal of misfolded, abnormal, damaged protein aggregates and nonfunctional cell organelles in order to suppress neurodegeneration. Therefore, triggering autophagy could serve as an important therapeutic target to treat neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani R Sainani
- Department of Pharmacology, Dr D Y Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pune, India
| | - Prajakta A Pansare
- Department of Pharmacology, Dr D Y Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pune, India
| | - Ketki Rode
- Department of Pharmacology, Dr D Y Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pune, India
| | - Vrushali Bhalchim
- Department of Pharmacology, Dr D Y Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pune, India
| | - Rohit Doke
- Department of Pharmacology, Dr D Y Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pune, India
| | - Shivani Desai
- Department of Pharmacology, Dr D Y Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pune, India
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13
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Chen R, Mao L, Shi R, Wang W, Cheng J. circRNA MYLK Accelerates Cervical Cancer via Up-Regulation of RHEB and Activation of mTOR Signaling. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:3611-3621. [PMID: 32547198 PMCID: PMC7245433 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s238172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Growing evidence directly suggested that circular RNAs (circRNAs) are crucial contributors in the course of cervical cancer (CC) onset and progression. Nevertheless, a large number of circRNAs have not been fully addressed in their function and underlying mechanisms during CC etiology. Purpose Our study focused on the function of circRNA MYLK (myosin light chain kinase), one novel tumor-related circRNA, in CC cell behaviors. Methods Firstly, we evaluated the expression profile of circMYLK in CC cells and in normal Ect1/E6E7 cell line. Moreover, the accurate function of circMYLK in CC cells was assessed via colony formation, CCK-8, EdU, and TUNEL assay. The association among circRNAs, miRNA, and target mRNAs was predicated by bioinformatics methods and validated in mechanical assays. Results We disclosed that circMYLK was up-regulated in CC cell lines and acted as a sponge of miR-1301-3p. Besides, downstream miR-1301-3p was capable of reversing circMYLK-mediated CC cell growth and apoptosis. Furthermore, we validated that circMYLK bound to miR-1301-3p as a sponge to upregulate RHEB (Ras homolog, mTORC1 binding) expression. As annotated in prior works, RHEB was responsible for mTOR signaling transduction. Therefore, we investigated whether circMYLK functioned its tumor-facilitating impact in CC through a RHEB-dependent mTOR signaling activation. Conclusion It was unveiled that circMYLK sponged miR-1301-3p to promote RHEB expression, which resulted in mTOR signaling activation and CC cell malignant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Department of Gynecology, East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200012, People's Republic of China
| | - Luning Mao
- Department of Pathology, Basic Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Shi
- Department of Gynecology, East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200012, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Department of Gynecology, East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200012, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingxin Cheng
- Department of Gynecology, East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200012, People's Republic of China
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14
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Zhang Q, Hu J, Wu Y, Luo H, Meng W, Xiao B, Xiao X, Zhou Z, Liu F. Rheb (Ras Homolog Enriched in Brain 1) Deficiency in Mature Macrophages Prevents Atherosclerosis by Repressing Macrophage Proliferation, Inflammation, and Lipid Uptake. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:1787-1801. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.312870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective:
Macrophage foam cell formation is an important process in atherosclerotic plaque development. The small GTPase Rheb (Ras homolog enriched in brain 1) regulates endocytic trafficking that is critical for foam cell formation. However, it is unclear whether and how macrophage Rheb regulates atherogenesis, which are the focuses of the current study.
Approach and Results:
Immunofluorescence study confirmed the colocalization of Rheb in F4/80 and Mac-2 (galectin-3)–labeled lesional macrophages. Western blot and fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis showed that Rheb expression was significantly increased in atherosclerotic lesions of atherosclerosis-prone (apoE
−/−
[apolipoprotein E deficient]) mice fed with Western diet. Increased Rheb expression was also observed in oxidized LDL (low-density lipoprotein)–treated macrophages. To investigate the in vivo role of macrophage Rheb, we established mature Rheb
mKO
(macrophage-specific Rheb knockout) mice by crossing the Rheb floxed mice with
F4/80-cre
mice. Macrophage-specific knockout of Rheb in mice reduced Western diet–induced atherosclerotic lesion by 32%, accompanied with a decrease in macrophage content in plaque. Mechanistically, loss of Rheb in macrophages repressed oxidized LDL–induced lipid uptake, inflammation, and macrophage proliferation. On the contrary, lentivirus-mediated overexpression of Rheb in macrophages increased oxidized LDL–induced lipid uptake and inflammation, and the stimulatory effect of Rheb was suppressed by the mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) inhibitor rapamycin or the PKA (protein kinase A) activator forskolin.
Conclusions:
Macrophage Rheb plays important role in Western diet–induced atherosclerosis by promoting macrophage proliferation, inflammation, and lipid uptake. Inhibition of expression and function of Rheb in macrophages is beneficial to prevent diet-induced atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghai Zhang
- From the Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (Q.Z., J.H., Y.W., H.L., W.M., B.X., Z.Z., F.L.)
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan (Q.Z.)
| | - Jie Hu
- From the Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (Q.Z., J.H., Y.W., H.L., W.M., B.X., Z.Z., F.L.)
| | - Yan Wu
- From the Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (Q.Z., J.H., Y.W., H.L., W.M., B.X., Z.Z., F.L.)
| | - Hairong Luo
- From the Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (Q.Z., J.H., Y.W., H.L., W.M., B.X., Z.Z., F.L.)
| | - Wen Meng
- From the Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (Q.Z., J.H., Y.W., H.L., W.M., B.X., Z.Z., F.L.)
| | - Bo Xiao
- From the Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (Q.Z., J.H., Y.W., H.L., W.M., B.X., Z.Z., F.L.)
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China (B.X.)
| | - Xianzhong Xiao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (X.X.)
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- From the Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (Q.Z., J.H., Y.W., H.L., W.M., B.X., Z.Z., F.L.)
| | - Feng Liu
- From the Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (Q.Z., J.H., Y.W., H.L., W.M., B.X., Z.Z., F.L.)
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15
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Tian Y, Shen L, Li F, Yang J, Wan X, Ouyang M. Silencing of RHEB inhibits cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells via inhibition of the mTOR signaling pathway. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:442-453. [PMID: 31332784 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is commonly known as one of the most prominent reasons for cancer-related death in China. Ras homolog enriched in brain (RHEB) and the mammalian target activity of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway were found correlated with CRC, but their specific interaction in CRC was still to be investigated. Therefore, we explored whether RHEB gene silencing affected the cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis by directly targeting the mTOR signaling pathway in cells previously harvested from CRC patients. A microarray analysis was subsequently conducted to investigate the relationship between RHEB and mTOR. Eighty-three adjacent normal tissues and CRC tissues were selected. Immunohistochemistry was carried out to detect the positive expression rates of RHEB and Ki-67 in the CRC tissues. Cells were then transfected with different siRNAs to investigate the potential effects RHEB would have on CRC progression. The expressions of RHEB, 4EBP1, ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), B cell lymphoma 2 (bcl-2), and bcl-2-associated X protein (bax) were determined and then the cell cycle, cell proliferation, and apoptotic rate were also measured. We identified RHEB and mTOR as upregulated genes in CRC. Cells treated with RHEB silencing showed a decreased extent of mTOR, p70S6K, 4EBP1 phosphorylation and expression of RHEB, Ki-67, mTOR, p70S6K, 4EBP1, bcl-2, and PCNA as well as decreased activity of cell proliferation and differentiation; although, the expression of bax was evidently higher. Collectively, our data propose the idea that RHEB gene silencing might repress cell proliferation and differentiation while accelerating apoptosis via inactivating the mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Tian
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Liangfang Shen
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fujun Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Junwen Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoping Wan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Miao Ouyang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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16
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D'Agati G, Cabello EM, Frontzek K, Rushing EJ, Klemm R, Robinson MD, White RM, Mosimann C, Burger A. Active receptor tyrosine kinases, but not Brachyury, are sufficient to trigger chordoma in zebrafish. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:dmm.039545. [PMID: 31221659 PMCID: PMC6679381 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.039545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The aberrant activation of developmental processes triggers diverse cancer types. Chordoma is a rare, aggressive tumor arising from transformed notochord remnants. Several potentially oncogenic factors have been found to be deregulated in chordoma, yet causation remains uncertain. In particular, sustained expression of TBXT – encoding the notochord regulator protein brachyury – is hypothesized as a key driver of chordoma, yet experimental evidence is absent. Here, we employ a zebrafish chordoma model to identify the notochord-transforming potential of implicated genes in vivo. We find that Brachyury, including a form with augmented transcriptional activity, is insufficient to initiate notochord hyperplasia. In contrast, the chordoma-implicated receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) EGFR and Kdr/VEGFR2 are sufficient to transform notochord cells. Aberrant activation of RTK/Ras signaling attenuates processes required for notochord differentiation, including the unfolded protein response and endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways. Our results provide the first in vivo evidence against a tumor-initiating potential of Brachyury in the notochord, and imply activated RTK signaling as a possible initiating event in chordoma. Furthermore, our work points at modulating endoplasmic reticulum and protein stress pathways as possible therapeutic avenues against chordoma. Summary: An injection-based chordoma model in zebrafish shows that the hypothesized chordoma oncogene brachyury is insufficient, whereas EGFR and VEGFR2 are sufficient, to trigger notochord hyperplasia in our model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca D'Agati
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Elena María Cabello
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Karl Frontzek
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth J Rushing
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Robin Klemm
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mark D Robinson
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland.,SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Richard M White
- Cancer Biology & Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Christian Mosimann
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alexa Burger
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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17
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Marosvári D, Nagy N, Kriston C, Deák B, Hajdu M, Bödör C, Csala I, Bagó AG, Szállási Z, Sebestyén A, Reiniger L. Discrepancy Between Low Levels of mTOR Activity and High Levels of P-S6 in Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma May Be Explained by PAS Domain-Containing Serine/Threonine-Protein Kinase-Mediated Phosphorylation. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2019; 77:268-273. [PMID: 29361117 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlx121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary aim of this study was to determine mTOR-pathway activity in primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL), which could be a potential target for therapy. After demonstrating that p-S6 positivity largely exceeded mTOR activity, we aimed to identify other pathways that may lead to S6 phosphorylation. We measured mTOR activity with immunohistochemistry for p-mTOR and its downstream effectors p(T389)-p70S6K1, p-S6, and p-4E-BP1 in 31 cases of PCNSL and 51 cases of systemic diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and evaluated alternative S6 phosphorylation pathways with p-RSK, p(T229)-p70S6K1, and PASK antibodies. Finally, we examined the impact of PASK inhibition on S6 phosphorylation on BHD1 cell line. mTOR-pathway activity was significantly less frequent in PCNSL compared with DLBCL. p-S6 positivity was related to mTOR-pathway in DLBCL, but not in PCNSL. Among the other kinases potentially responsible for S6 phosphorylation, PASK proved to be positive in all cases of PCNSL and DLBCL. Inhibition of PASK resulted in reduced expression of p-S6 in BHD1-cells. This is the first study demonstrating an mTOR independent p-S6 activity in PCNSL and that PASK may contribute to the phosphorylation of S6. Our findings also suggest a potential role of PASK in the pathomechanism of PCNSL and in DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dóra Marosvári
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,MTA-SE Lendulet Molecular Oncohematology Research Group, 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Noémi Nagy
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csilla Kriston
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beáta Deák
- National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Melinda Hajdu
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Bödör
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,MTA-SE Lendulet Molecular Oncohematology Research Group, 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Irén Csala
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila G Bagó
- Department of Neurooncology, National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Szállási
- Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, Harvard Medical School, and Department of Bio and Health Informatics, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.,2nd Department of Pathology, MTA-SE NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences
| | - Anna Sebestyén
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Tumour Progression Research Group of Joint Research Organization of Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lilla Reiniger
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,2nd Department of Pathology, MTA-SE NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences
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18
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Prieto-Dominguez N, Parnell C, Teng Y. Drugging the Small GTPase Pathways in Cancer Treatment: Promises and Challenges. Cells 2019; 8:E255. [PMID: 30884855 PMCID: PMC6468615 DOI: 10.3390/cells8030255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Small GTPases are a family of low molecular weight GTP-hydrolyzing enzymes that cycle between an inactive state when bound to GDP and an active state when associated to GTP. Small GTPases regulate key cellular processes (e.g., cell differentiation, proliferation, and motility) as well as subcellular events (e.g., vesicle trafficking), making them key participants in a great array of pathophysiological processes. Indeed, the dysfunction and deregulation of certain small GTPases, such as the members of the Ras and Arf subfamilies, have been related with the promotion and progression of cancer. Therefore, the development of inhibitors that target dysfunctional small GTPases could represent a potential therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. This review covers the basic biochemical mechanisms and the diverse functions of small GTPases in cancer. We also discuss the strategies and challenges of inhibiting the activity of these enzymes and delve into new approaches that offer opportunities to target them in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Néstor Prieto-Dominguez
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León 24010, Spain.
| | | | - Yong Teng
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
- Department of Medical laboratory, Imaging and Radiologic Sciences, College of Allied Health, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
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19
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Chemical modulation of autophagy as an adjunct to chemotherapy in childhood and adolescent brain tumors. Oncotarget 2018; 9:35266-35277. [PMID: 30443293 PMCID: PMC6219655 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain tumors are the leading cause of cancer-related death in children and are the most challenging childhood cancer in relation to diagnosis, treatment, and outcome. One potential novel strategy to improve outcomes in cancer involves the manipulation of autophagy, a fundamental process in all cells. In cancer, autophagy can be thought of as having a "Janus"-like duality. On one face, especially in the early phases of cancer formation, autophagy can act as a cellular housekeeper to eliminate damaged organelles and recycle macromolecules, thus acting as tumor suppressor. On the other face, at later stages of tumor progression, autophagy can function as a pro-survival pathway in response to metabolic stresses such as nutrient depravation, hypoxia and indeed to chemotherapy itself, and can support cell growth by supplying much needed energy. In the context of chemotherapy, autophagy may, in some cases, mediate resistance to treatment. We present an overview of the relevance of autophagy in central nervous system tumors including how its chemical modulation can serve as a useful adjunct to chemotherapy, and use this knowledge to consider how targeting of autophagy may be relevant in pediatric brain tumors.
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20
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Záhonová K, Petrželková R, Valach M, Yazaki E, Tikhonenkov DV, Butenko A, Janouškovec J, Hrdá Š, Klimeš V, Burger G, Inagaki Y, Keeling PJ, Hampl V, Flegontov P, Yurchenko V, Eliáš M. Extensive molecular tinkering in the evolution of the membrane attachment mode of the Rheb GTPase. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5239. [PMID: 29588502 PMCID: PMC5869587 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23575-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheb is a conserved and widespread Ras-like GTPase involved in cell growth regulation mediated by the (m)TORC1 kinase complex and implicated in tumourigenesis in humans. Rheb function depends on its association with membranes via prenylated C-terminus, a mechanism shared with many other eukaryotic GTPases. Strikingly, our analysis of a phylogenetically rich sample of Rheb sequences revealed that in multiple lineages this canonical and ancestral membrane attachment mode has been variously altered. The modifications include: (1) accretion to the N-terminus of two different phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate-binding domains, PX in Cryptista (the fusion being the first proposed synapomorphy of this clade), and FYVE in Euglenozoa and the related undescribed flagellate SRT308; (2) acquisition of lipidic modifications of the N-terminal region, namely myristoylation and/or S-palmitoylation in seven different protist lineages; (3) acquisition of S-palmitoylation in the hypervariable C-terminal region of Rheb in apusomonads, convergently to some other Ras family proteins; (4) replacement of the C-terminal prenylation motif with four transmembrane segments in a novel Rheb paralog in the SAR clade; (5) loss of an evident C-terminal membrane attachment mechanism in Tremellomycetes and some Rheb paralogs of Euglenozoa. Rheb evolution is thus surprisingly dynamic and presents a spectacular example of molecular tinkering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristína Záhonová
- Department of Biology and Ecology & Institute of Environmental Technologies, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Romana Petrželková
- Department of Biology and Ecology & Institute of Environmental Technologies, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Matus Valach
- Department of Biochemistry and Robert-Cedergren Centre for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Euki Yazaki
- Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Denis V Tikhonenkov
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences, Borok, Russia
| | - Anzhelika Butenko
- Department of Biology and Ecology & Institute of Environmental Technologies, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Janouškovec
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Štěpánka Hrdá
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Klimeš
- Department of Biology and Ecology & Institute of Environmental Technologies, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Gertraud Burger
- Department of Biochemistry and Robert-Cedergren Centre for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Yuji Inagaki
- Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Patrick J Keeling
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Vladimír Hampl
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Flegontov
- Department of Biology and Ecology & Institute of Environmental Technologies, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Vyacheslav Yurchenko
- Department of Biology and Ecology & Institute of Environmental Technologies, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Eliáš
- Department of Biology and Ecology & Institute of Environmental Technologies, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic.
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21
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Nakhaei-Rad S, Haghighi F, Nouri P, Rezaei Adariani S, Lissy J, Kazemein Jasemi NS, Dvorsky R, Ahmadian MR. Structural fingerprints, interactions, and signaling networks of RAS family proteins beyond RAS isoforms. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 53:130-156. [PMID: 29457927 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2018.1431605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saeideh Nakhaei-Rad
- a Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty , Heinrich-Heine University , Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Fereshteh Haghighi
- a Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty , Heinrich-Heine University , Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Parivash Nouri
- a Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty , Heinrich-Heine University , Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Soheila Rezaei Adariani
- a Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty , Heinrich-Heine University , Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Jana Lissy
- a Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty , Heinrich-Heine University , Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Neda S Kazemein Jasemi
- a Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty , Heinrich-Heine University , Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Radovan Dvorsky
- a Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty , Heinrich-Heine University , Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Mohammad Reza Ahmadian
- a Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty , Heinrich-Heine University , Düsseldorf , Germany
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22
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Wang C, Cheng L. Gankyrin as a potential therapeutic target for cancer. Invest New Drugs 2017; 35:655-661. [PMID: 28527132 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-017-0474-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gankyrin is an oncoprotein that plays a central role in the development of cancer. Although researchers have increasingly focused on the relationships of gankyrin with carcinogenesis, metastasis and prognosis of different cancers, the molecular mechanisms are still unclear. In recent years, several interacting partners of gankyrin and cell signaling pathways regulated by gankyrin have been elucidated. In addition, accumulating evidence has indicated the contribution of microRNAs to regulating gankyrin expression in tumor cells. In this review, we summarize the major known roles of gankyrin in cancer cells and highlight the potential clinical relevance of targeting gankyrin. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongchong Wang
- Department of Oncology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China
| | - Li Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, 678 Fu Rong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230601, China.
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Roohi A, Hojjat-Farsangi M. Recent advances in targeting mTOR signaling pathway using small molecule inhibitors. J Drug Target 2016; 25:189-201. [PMID: 27632356 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2016.1236112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Targeted-based cancer therapy (TBCT) or personalized medicine is one of the main treatment modalities for cancer that has been developed to decrease the undesirable effects of chemotherapy. Targeted therapy inhibits the growth of tumor cells by interrupting with particular molecules required for tumorigenesis and proliferation of tumor cells rather than interfering with dividing normal cells. Therefore, targeted therapies are anticipated to be more efficient than former tumor treatment agents with minimal side effects on non-tumor cells. Small molecule inhibitors (SMIs) are currently one of the most investigated anti-tumor agents of TBCT. These small organic agents target several vital molecules involved in cell biological processes and induce target cells apoptosis and necrosis. Mechanistic (mammalian) target of rapamycin (mTOR) complexes (mTORC1/2) control different intracellular processes, including growth, proliferation, angiogenesis and metabolism. Signaling pathways, in which mTOR complexes are involved in are usually dysregulated in various tumors and have been shown to be ideal targets for SMIs. Currently, different mTOR-SMIs are in the clinic for the treatment of cancer patients, and several others are in preclinical or clinical settings. In this review, we summarize recent advances in developing different mTOR inhibitors, which are currently in preclinical and clinical investigations or have been approved for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Roohi
- a Department of Immunology, School of Public Health , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mohammad Hojjat-Farsangi
- b Department of Oncology-Pathology, Immune and Gene therapy Lab , Cancer Center Karolinska (CCK), Karolinska University Hospital Solna and Karolinska Institute , Stockholm , Sweden.,c Department of Immunology, School of Medicine , Bushehr University of Medical Sciences , Bushehr , Iran
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24
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Jie D, Zhu B. Rapamycin: A promising agent to treat cancer pain? Int J Cancer 2016; 139:1670-1. [PMID: 27244273 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ding Jie
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
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