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Robertson SE, Yasukawa M, Marchion DC, Xiong Y, Naqvi SMH, Gheit T, Tommasino M, Wenham RM, Giuliano AR, Lancaster JM, Shahzad MMK. Prevalence of viral DNA in high-grade serous epithelial ovarian cancer and correlation with clinical outcomes. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294448. [PMID: 38039311 PMCID: PMC10691703 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Currently 11 infectious agents are classified as carcinogenic but the role of infectious agents on outcomes of epithelial ovarian cancer is largely unknown. OBJECTIVE To explore the association between infectious agents and ovarian cancer, we investigated the prevalence of viral DNA in primary ovarian cancer tumors and its association with clinical outcomes. METHODS Archived tumors from 98 patients diagnosed with high-grade serous epithelial ovarian cancer were collected between 1/1/1994 and 12/31/2010. After DNA extraction, Luminex technology was utilized to identify polymerase chain reaction-amplified viral DNA for 113 specific viruses. Demographic data and disease characteristics were summarized using descriptive statistics. We used logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards model to assess associations between tumor viral status and disease outcome and between tumor viral presence and overall survival (OS), respectively. RESULTS Forty-six cases (45.9%) contained at least one virus. Six highly prevalent viruses were associated with clinical outcomes and considered viruses of interest (VOI; Epstein-Barr virus 1, Merkel cell polyomavirus, human herpes virus 6b, and human papillomaviruses 4, 16, and 23). Factors independently associated with OS were presence of VOI (HR 4.11, P = 0.0001) and platinum sensitivity (HR 0.21, P<0.0001). Median OS was significantly decreased when tumors showed VOI versus not having these viruses (22 vs 44 months, P<0.0001). Women <70 year old with VOI in tumors had significantly lower median OS versus age-matched women without VOI (20 vs 57 months, P = 0.0006); however, among women ≥70 years old, there was no difference in OS by tumor virus status. CONCLUSIONS The presence of a VOI was significantly associated with a lower OS. These findings may have implications for clinical management of ovarian cancer but require additional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon E. Robertson
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Maya Yasukawa
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Douglas C. Marchion
- Department of Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Yin Xiong
- Department of Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Syeda Mahrukh Hussnain Naqvi
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Tarik Gheit
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Massimo Tommasino
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Robert M. Wenham
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Anna R. Giuliano
- Risk Assessment, Detection and Intervention Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Johnathan M. Lancaster
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Mian M. K. Shahzad
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
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Viscidi RP, Rowley T, Bossis I. Bioengineered Bovine Papillomavirus L1 Protein Virus-like Particle (VLP) Vaccines for Enhanced Induction of CD8 T Cell Responses through Cross-Priming. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9851. [PMID: 37372999 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Safe and effective T cell vaccines are needed for the treatment or prevention of cancers as well as infectious agents where vaccines for neutralizing antibodies have performed poorly. Recent research highlights an important role for tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM cells) in protective immunity and the role of a subset of dendritic cells that are capable of cross-priming for the induction of TRM cells. However, efficient vaccine technologies that operate through cross-priming and induce robust CD8+ T cell responses are lacking. We developed a platform technology by genetically engineering the bovine papillomavirus L1 major capsid protein to insert a polyglutamic acid/cysteine motif in place of wild-type amino acids in the HI loop. Virus-like particles (VLPs) are formed by self-assembly in insect cells infected with a recombinant baculovirus. Polyarginine/cysteine-tagged antigens are linked to the VLP by a reversible disulfide bond. The VLP possesses self-adjuvanting properties due to the immunostimulatory activity of papillomavirus VLPs. Polyionic VLP vaccines induce robust CD8+ T cell responses in peripheral blood and tumor tissues. A prostate cancer polyionic VLP vaccine was more efficacious than other vaccines and immunotherapies for the treatment of prostate cancer in a physiologically relevant murine model and successfully treated more advanced diseases than the less efficacious technologies. The immunogenicity of polyionic VLP vaccines is dependent on particle size, reversible linkage of the antigen to the VLP, and an interferon type 1 and Toll-like receptor (TLR)3/7-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael P Viscidi
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Treva Rowley
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Ioannis Bossis
- Department of Animal Production, School of Agricultural Sciences, Forestry & Natural Resources, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Huis In 't Veld RV, Ma S, Kines RC, Savinainen A, Rich C, Ossendorp F, Jager MJ. Immune checkpoint inhibition combined with targeted therapy using a novel virus-like drug conjugate induces complete responses in a murine model of local and distant tumors. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023:10.1007/s00262-023-03425-3. [PMID: 36997666 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03425-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Metastases remain the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Therefore, improving the treatment efficacy against such tumors is essential to enhance patient survival. AU-011 (belzupacap sarotalocan) is a new virus-like drug conjugate which is currently in clinical development for the treatment of small choroidal melanoma and high-risk indeterminate lesions in the eye. Upon light activation, AU-011 induces rapid necrotic cell death which is pro-inflammatory and pro-immunogenic, resulting in an anti-tumor immune response. As AU-011 is known to induce systemic anti-tumor immune responses, we investigated whether this combination therapy would also be effective against distant, untreated tumors, as a model for treating local and distant tumors by abscopal immune effects. We compared the efficacy of combining AU-011 with several different checkpoint blockade antibodies to identify optimal treatment regimens in an in vivo tumor model. We show that AU-011 induces immunogenic cell death through the release and exposure of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), resulting in the maturation of dendritic cells in vitro. Furthermore, we show that AU-011 accumulates in MC38 tumors over time and that ICI enhances the efficacy of AU-011 against established tumors in mice, resulting in complete responses for specific combinations in all treated animals bearing a single MC38 tumor. Finally, we show that AU-011 and anti-PD-L1/anti-LAG-3 antibody treatment was an optimal combination in an abscopal model, inducing complete responses in approximately 75% of animals. Our data show the feasibility of combining AU-011 with PD-L1 and LAG-3 antibodies for the treatment of primary and distant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben V Huis In 't Veld
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Sen Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Ferry Ossendorp
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martine J Jager
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
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4
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Huis in ‘t Veld RV, Heuts J, Ma S, Cruz LJ, Ossendorp FA, Jager MJ. Current Challenges and Opportunities of Photodynamic Therapy against Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020330. [PMID: 36839652 PMCID: PMC9965442 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an established, minimally invasive treatment for specific types of cancer. During PDT, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated that ultimately induce cell death and disruption of the tumor area. Moreover, PDT can result in damage to the tumor vasculature and induce the release and/or exposure of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that may initiate an antitumor immune response. However, there are currently several challenges of PDT that limit its widespread application for certain indications in the clinic. METHODS A literature study was conducted to comprehensively discuss these challenges and to identify opportunities for improvement. RESULTS The most notable challenges of PDT and opportunities to improve them have been identified and discussed. CONCLUSIONS The recent efforts to improve the current challenges of PDT are promising, most notably those that focus on enhancing immune responses initiated by the treatment. The application of these improvements has the potential to enhance the antitumor efficacy of PDT, thereby broadening its potential application in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben V. Huis in ‘t Veld
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), 2333 ZA Leiden, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), 2333 ZA Leiden, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
| | - Jeroen Heuts
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), 2333 ZA Leiden, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Sen Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), 2333 ZA Leiden, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Luis J. Cruz
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), 2333 ZA Leiden, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Ferry A. Ossendorp
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), 2333 ZA Leiden, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Martine J. Jager
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), 2333 ZA Leiden, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
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Kines RC, Schiller JT. Harnessing Human Papillomavirus' Natural Tropism to Target Tumors. Viruses 2022; 14:1656. [PMID: 36016277 PMCID: PMC9413966 DOI: 10.3390/v14081656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are small non-enveloped DNA tumor viruses established as the primary etiological agent for the development of cervical cancer. Decades of research have elucidated HPV's primary attachment factor to be heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG). Importantly, wounding and exposure of the epithelial basement membrane was found to be pivotal for efficient attachment and infection of HPV in vivo. Sulfation patterns on HSPG's become modified at the site of wounds as they serve an important role promoting tissue healing, cell proliferation and neovascularization and it is these modifications recognized by HPV. Analogous HSPG modification patterns can be found on tumor cells as they too require the aforementioned processes to grow and metastasize. Although targeting tumor associated HSPG is not a novel concept, the use of HPV to target and treat tumors has only been realized in recent years. The work herein describes how decades of basic HPV research has culminated in the rational design of an HPV-based virus-like infrared light activated dye conjugate for the treatment of choroidal melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John T. Schiller
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
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6
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Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans Are De Facto Cellular Receptors for Human Papillomavirus 16 under High Serum Conditions. J Virol 2022; 96:e0185721. [DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01857-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) have previously been identified as primary attachment factors for the initial binding of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) prior to infection. Here, we demonstrate that
in vitro
, HPV binding to HSPGs is strongly dependent on the surrounding experimental conditions, including the concentration of fetal bovine serum (FBS).
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7
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Chase AJ, Malhotra SV, Mercola M, Singh K, Wu JC. Highlights from Stanford Drug Discovery Symposium 2021. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:e132-e134. [PMID: 34417601 PMCID: PMC8499776 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sanjay V Malhotra
- Department of Cell, Development and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Mark Mercola
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford CA
| | - Kuldev Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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Laurie C, El-Zein M, Coutlée F, de Pokomandy A, Franco EL. Carrageenan as a Preventive Agent Against Human Papillomavirus Infection: A Narrative Review. Sex Transm Dis 2021; 48:458-465. [PMID: 33433173 DOI: 10.1097/olq.0000000000001363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Carrageenan, an extract from red algae, was identified over a decade ago as a potent inhibitor of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in vitro. After this discovery, several studies evaluated carrageenan's anti-HPV activity in cells, experimental animals, and humans. We reviewed the evidence for carrageenan's anti-HPV activity. Studies had to be in vitro, in vivo, or in humans and report on carrageenan's anti-HPV activity. Of the 39 records identified in PubMed and 29 records in Clinicaltrials.gov, 22 records were included after screening: 8 in vitro (including 2 ex vivo), 3 in vivo, 5 in vitro and in vivo, 3 clinical studies, and 3 trial protocols. A total of 12 studies evaluated carrageenan exclusively, whereas 7 considered carrageenan combined with additional antiviral or other agents. One study protocol will evaluate carrageenan exclusively, and 2 others will evaluate carrageenan-combination products. Most clinical studies evaluated carrageenan's ability to prevent HPV acquisition (n = 4), whereas one study explored its ability to promote clearance of existing infection (defined as the absence of HPV DNA detection). Carrageenan's anti-HPV activity was observed consistently across study designs, except in 2 studies: 1 in vitro study where 2 of the HPV types tested were not significantly inhibited by carrageenan and 1 phase IIB trial in gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men. This review supports the premise that carrageenan, alone or in combination with other antiviral agents, might be a potential prevention strategy complementary to HPV vaccination for women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariam El-Zein
- From the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, McGill University
| | - François Coutlée
- Laboratoire de virologie moléculaire, Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), et Département de Microbiologie, infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal
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Hatta MNA, Mohamad Hanif EA, Chin SF, Neoh HM. Pathogens and Carcinogenesis: A Review. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:533. [PMID: 34203649 PMCID: PMC8232153 DOI: 10.3390/biology10060533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a global health problem associated with genetics and unhealthy lifestyles. Increasingly, pathogenic infections have also been identified as contributors to human cancer initiation and progression. Most pathogens (bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites) associated with human cancers are categorized as Group I human carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, IARC. These pathogens cause carcinogenesis via three known mechanisms: persistent infection that cause inflammation and DNA damage, initiation of oncogene expression, and immunosuppression activity of the host. In this review, we discuss the carcinogenesis mechanism of ten pathogens, their implications, and some future considerations for better management of the disease. The pathogens and cancers described are Helicobacter pylori (gastric cancer), Epstein-Barr virus (gastric cancer and lymphoma), Hepatitis B and C viruses (liver cancer), Aspergillus spp. (liver cancer), Opisthorchis viverrine (bile duct cancer), Clonorchis sinensis (bile duct cancer), Fusobacterium nucleatum (colorectal cancer), Schistosoma haematobium (bladder cancer); Human Papillomavirus (cervical cancer), and Kaposi's Sarcoma Herpes Virus (Kaposi's sarcoma).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hui-min Neoh
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Ya’acob Latiff, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (M.N.A.H.); (E.A.M.H.); (S.-F.C.)
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10
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review recent advancements in the genetic understanding, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of uveal melanoma (UM). RECENT FINDINGS UM is a molecularly distinct melanocytic malignancy driven by mutations in GNAQ or GNA11, with mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway upregulation. Earlier diagnosis and treatment are important factors for improving life prognosis. These goals can be aided by more objective multimodal imaging risk factors for the prediction of malignant nevus transformation and novel treatment strategies such as customized radiation fields and nanoparticle therapy to reduce vision-threatening treatment side effects. The risk for metastatic disease can be reliably predicted through gene expression profiling or the Cancer Genome Atlas project classification, and combined use of clinical tumor features with molecular data allows for highly individualized patient prognosis. Patients with high-risk UM should be considered for clinical trials of adjuvant therapy to prevent metastatic disease. For patients with clinically evident metastasis, combination immunotherapy regimens, T cell-based therapies, and focal adhesion kinase inhibitors offer hope for improved clinical response rates. SUMMARY Improved understanding of UM molecular pathogenesis and clinical trials of targeted therapy for prevention and treatment of metastatic disease may improve patient survival for this challenging disease.
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11
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Kines RC, Thompson CD, Spring S, Li Z, de Los Pinos E, Monks S, Schiller JT. Virus-Like Particle-Drug Conjugates Induce Protective, Long-lasting Adaptive Antitumor Immunity in the Absence of Specifically Targeted Tumor Antigens. Cancer Immunol Res 2021; 9:693-706. [PMID: 33853825 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-19-0974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the ability of a papillomavirus-like particle drug conjugate, belzupacap sarotalocan (AU-011), to eradicate subcutaneous tumors after intravenous injection and to subsequently elicit long-term antitumor immunity in the TC-1 syngeneic murine tumor model. Upon in vitro activation with near-infrared light (NIR), AU-011-mediated cell killing was proimmunogenic in nature, resulting in the release of damage-associated molecular patterns such as DNA, ATP, and HMGB-1, activation of caspase-1, and surface relocalization of calreticulin and HSP70 on killed tumor cells. A single in vivo administration of AU-011 followed by NIR caused rapid cell death, leading to long-term tumor regression in ∼50% of all animals. Within hours of treatment, calreticulin surface expression, caspase-1 activation, and depletion of immunosuppressive leukocytes were observed in tumors. Combination of AU-011 with immune-checkpoint inhibitor antibodies, anti-CTLA-4 or anti-PD-1, improved therapeutic efficacy, resulting in 70% to 100% complete response rate that was durable 100 days after treatment, with 50% to 80% of those animals displaying protection from secondary tumor rechallenge. Depletion of CD4+ or CD8+ T cells, either at the time of AU-011 treatment or secondary tumor rechallenge of tumor-free mice, indicated that both cell populations are vital to AU-011's ability to eradicate primary tumors and induce long-lasting antitumor protection. Tumor-specific CD8+ T-cell responses could be observed in circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells within 3 weeks of AU-011 treatment. These data, taken together, support the conclusion that AU-011 has a direct cytotoxic effect on tumor cells and induces long-term antitumor immunity, and this activity is enhanced when combined with checkpoint inhibitor antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cynthia D Thompson
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Zhenyu Li
- Aura Biosciences, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - John T Schiller
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Bilal M, Mehmood S, Raza A, Hayat U, Rasheed T, Iqbal HM. Microneedles in Smart Drug Delivery. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2021; 10:204-219. [PMID: 32320365 PMCID: PMC7906867 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2019.1122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Significance: In biomedical setup, at large, and drug delivery, in particular, transdermal patches, hypodermal needles, and/or dermatological creams with the topical appliance are among the most widely practiced routes for transdermal drug delivery. Owing to the stratum corneum layer of the skin, traditional drug delivery methods are inefficient, and the effect of the administered therapeutic cues is limited. Recent Advances: The current advancement at the microlevel and nanolevel has revolutionized the drug delivery sector. Particularly, various types of microneedles (MNs) are becoming popular for drug delivery applications because of safety, patient compliance, and smart action. Critical Issues: Herein, we reviewed state-of-the-art MNs as a smart and sophisticated drug delivery approach. Following a brief introduction, the drug delivery mechanism of MNs is discussed. Different types of MNs, that is, solid, hollow, coated, dissolving, and hydrogel forming, are discussed with suitable examples. The latter half of the work is focused on the applied perspective and clinical translation of MNs. Furthermore, a detailed overview of clinical applications and future perspectives is also included in this review. Future Directions: Regardless of ongoing technological and clinical advancement, the focus should be diverted to enhance the efficacy and strength of MNs. Besides, the possible immune response or interference should also be avoided for successful clinical translation of MNs as an efficient drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bilal
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Correspondence: Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
| | - Shahid Mehmood
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ali Raza
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Uzma Hayat
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tahir Rasheed
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hafiz M.N. Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, Mexico
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Sun Y, Ho M. Emerging antibody-based therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2 during the global pandemic. Antib Ther 2020; 3:246-256. [PMID: 33912795 PMCID: PMC7717131 DOI: 10.1093/abt/tbaa025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 antibody therapeutics are being evaluated in clinical and preclinical stages. As of 11 October 2020, 13 human monoclonal antibodies targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein have entered clinical trials with three (REGN-COV2, LY3819253/LY-CoV555, and VIR-7831/VIR-7832) in phase 3. On 9 November 2020, the US Food and Drug Administration issued an emergency use authorization for bamlanivimab (LY3819253/LY-CoV555) for the treatment of mild-to-moderate COVID-19. This review outlines the development of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, with a focus on discussing various antibody discovery strategies (animal immunization, phage display and B cell cloning), describing binding epitopes and comparing neutralizing activities. Broad-neutralizing antibodies targeting the spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV might be helpful for treating COVID-19 and future infections. VIR-7831/7832 based on S309 is the only antibody in late clinical development, which can neutralize both SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV although it does not directly block virus receptor binding. Thus far, the only cross-neutralizing antibody that is also a receptor binding blocker is nanobody VHH-72. The feasibility of developing nanobodies as inhaled drugs for treating COVID-19 and other respiratory diseases is an attractive idea that is worth exploring and testing. A cocktail strategy such as REGN-COV2, or engineered multivalent and multispecific molecules, combining two or more antibodies might improve the efficacy and protect against resistance due to virus escape mutants. Besides the receptor-binding domain, other viral antigens such as the S2 subunit of the spike protein and the viral attachment sites such as heparan sulfate proteoglycans that are on the host cells are worth investigating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Sun
- Antibody Engineering Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mitchell Ho
- Antibody Engineering Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Hu Y, Ren S, He Y, Wang L, Chen C, Tang J, Liu W, Yu F. Possible Oncogenic Viruses Associated with Lung Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:10651-10666. [PMID: 33116642 PMCID: PMC7585805 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s263976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer death worldwide. Tobacco smoking is the most predominant etiology for lung cancer. However, only a small percentage of heavy smokers develop lung cancer, which suggests that other cofactors are required for lung carcinogenesis. Viruses have been central to modern cancer research and provide profound insights into cancer causes. Nevertheless, the role of virus in lung cancer is still unclear. In this article, we reviewed the possible oncogenic viruses associated with lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Thoracic Surgery Research Room, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Siying Ren
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, Research Unit of Respiratory Diseases, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Thoracic Surgery Research Room, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Thoracic Surgery Research Room, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Thoracic Surgery Research Room, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingqun Tang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Thoracic Surgery Research Room, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenliang Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Thoracic Surgery Research Room, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenglei Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Thoracic Surgery Research Room, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, People's Republic of China
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15
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Optimization of human papillomavirus-based pseudovirus techniques for efficient gene transfer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15517. [PMID: 32968082 PMCID: PMC7511366 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72027-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) L1 and L2 capsid proteins self-assemble into virions capable of efficiently packaging either its 8 kilobase genome or non-viral DNA. The ability of HPV capsids to package non-viral DNA makes these a useful tool for delivering plasmids to study proteins of interest in a variety of cell types. We describe optimization of current methods and present new protocols for using HPV capsids to deliver non-viral DNA thereby providing an alternative to DNA transfection. Using keratinocyte generated extracellular matrices can enhance infection efficiency in keratinocytes, hepatocytes and neuronal cells. Furthermore, we describe a suspension-based efficient technique for infecting different cell types.
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16
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Lee C. Carrageenans as Broad-Spectrum Microbicides: Current Status and Challenges. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18090435. [PMID: 32825645 PMCID: PMC7551811 DOI: 10.3390/md18090435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Different kinds of red algae are enriched with chemically diverse carbohydrates. In particular, a group of sulfated polysaccharides, which were isolated from the cell walls of red algae, gained a large amount of attention due to their broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities. Within that group, carrageenans (CGs) were expected to be the first clinically applicable microbicides that could prevent various viral infections due to their superior antiviral potency and desirable safety profiles in subclinical studies. However, their anticipated beneficial effects could not be validated in human studies. To assess the value of a second attempt at pharmacologically developing CGs as a new class of preventive microbicides, all preclinical and clinical development processes of CG-based microbicides need to be thoroughly re-evaluated. In this review, the in vitro toxicities; in vivo safety profiles; and in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo antiviral activities of CGs are summarized according to the study volume of their target viruses, which include human immunodeficiency virus, herpesviruses, respiratory viruses, human papillomavirus, dengue virus, and other viruses along with a description of their antiviral modes of action and development of antiviral resistance. This evaluation of the strengths and weaknesses of CGs will help provide future research directions that may lead to the successful development of CG-based antimicrobial prophylactics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choongho Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Korea
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17
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Pathak S, Wilczyński JR, Paradowska E. Factors in Oncogenesis: Viral Infections in Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E561. [PMID: 32121320 PMCID: PMC7139377 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the leading causes of cancer death in women, with high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) being the most lethal gynecologic malignancy among women. This high fatality rate is the result of diagnosis of a high number of new cases when cancer implants have already spread. The poor prognosis is due to our inadequate understanding of the molecular mechanisms preceding ovarian malignancy. Knowledge about the site of origination has been improved recently by the discovery of tube intraepithelial cancer (TIC), but the potential risk factors are still obscure. Due to high tumoral heterogeneity in OC, the establishment of early stage biomarkers is still underway. Microbial infection may induce or result in chronic inflammatory infection and in the pathogenesis of cancers. Microbiome research has shed light on the relationships between the host and microbiota, as well as the direct roles of host pathogens in cancer development, progression, and drug efficacy. While controversial, the detection of viruses within ovarian malignancies and fallopian tube tissues suggests that these pathogens may play a role in the development of OC. Genomic and proteomic approaches have enhanced the methods for identifying candidates in early screening. This article summarizes the existing knowledge related to the molecular mechanisms that lead to tumorigenesis in the ovary, as well as the viruses detected in OC cases and how they may elevate this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipta Pathak
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 93-232 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Jacek R. Wilczyński
- Department of Surgical and Oncological Gynecology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Edyta Paradowska
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 93-232 Lodz, Poland;
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18
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Rybicki EP. Plant molecular farming of virus‐like nanoparticles as vaccines and reagents. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 12:e1587. [DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edward P. Rybicki
- Biopharming Research Unit, Department of Molecular & Cell Biology University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
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19
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Abed Elhadi Shahbari N, Gesser-Edelsburg A, Mesch GS. Case of Paradoxical Cultural Sensitivity: Mixed Method Study of Web-Based Health Informational Materials About the Human Papillomavirus Vaccine in Israel. J Med Internet Res 2019; 21:e13373. [PMID: 31102371 PMCID: PMC6543802 DOI: 10.2196/13373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Designing web-based informational materials regarding the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine has become a challenge for designers and decision makers in the health authorities because of the scientific and public controversy regarding the vaccine's safety and effectiveness and the sexual and moral concerns related to its use. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to investigate how cultural sensitivity (CS) is articulated in the explanatory informational materials on the HPV vaccine that are posted on the websites of the Israeli health authorities. In addition, the study examined the effect of transparency on the expression of CS in the informational materials. METHODS The study employed a quantitative and qualitative content analysis of the texts of explanatory informational materials published on the Arabic and Hebrew websites of the Israel Ministry of Health and the Clalit health maintenance organization (HMO). RESULTS The findings revealed the differences in the dimensions of CS (based on the CS model by Resnicow) between the informational materials targeting the majority Jewish population and those targeting the minority Arab population. Indeed, the research findings point to a paradox. On the one hand, the materials appealing to the conservative Arab population exhibited CS, in that the sexual context of the vaccine was missing. On the other hand, analysis of Resnicow's deep dimensions showed that disregarding the sexual context does not allow the relevant target audience to reflect on the barriers and concerns. In addition, the way the information was provided exhibited a lack of transparency regarding the CS dimensions (surface and deep). CONCLUSIONS The public health authorities have 2 main objectives in the context of vaccinations. One is to raise the vaccination rates and the other is to provide full and culturally sensitive information to give the public the tools to make intelligent decisions. The findings of this study indicated that despite the high uptake rate for HPV vaccination in the Arab population, the health authorities did not exercise full transparency and CS in transmitting the association between engaging in sexual relations and the necessity of the vaccination. Thus, the major challenge for the health authorities is to find ways to implement the objective of communicating information about the vaccination in a way that is transparent and culturally sensitive, even if this raises questions and fears among the public deriving from their culture.
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20
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21
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Agerbæk MØ, Bang-Christensen S, Salanti A. Fighting Cancer Using an Oncofetal Glycosaminoglycan-Binding Protein from Malaria Parasites. Trends Parasitol 2018; 35:178-181. [PMID: 30551869 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Malaria research has led to the discovery of oncofetal chondroitin sulfate, which appears to be shared between placental trophoblasts and cancer cells and can be detected by the evolutionary refined malaria protein VAR2CSA. Interestingly, using recombinant VAR2CSA to target oncofetal chondroitin sulfate shows promise for novel cancer diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Ø Agerbæk
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sara Bang-Christensen
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ali Salanti
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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22
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Kines RC, Varsavsky I, Choudhary S, Bhattacharya D, Spring S, McLaughlin R, Kang SJ, Grossniklaus HE, Vavvas D, Monks S, MacDougall JR, de Los Pinos E, Schiller JT. An Infrared Dye-Conjugated Virus-like Particle for the Treatment of Primary Uveal Melanoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 17:565-574. [PMID: 29242243 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The work outlined herein describes AU-011, a novel recombinant papillomavirus-like particle (VLP) drug conjugate and its initial evaluation as a potential treatment for primary uveal melanoma. The VLP is conjugated with a phthalocyanine photosensitizer, IRDye 700DX, that exerts its cytotoxic effect through photoactivation with a near-infrared laser. We assessed the anticancer properties of AU-011 in vitro utilizing a panel of human cancer cell lines and in vivo using murine subcutaneous and rabbit orthotopic xenograft models of uveal melanoma. The specificity of VLP binding (tumor targeting), mediated through cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG), was assessed using HSPG-deficient cells and by inclusion of heparin in in vitro studies. Our results provide evidence of potent and selective anticancer activity, both in vitro and in vivo AU-011 activity was blocked by inhibiting its association with HSPG using heparin and using cells lacking surface HSPG, indicating that the tumor tropism of the VLP was not affected by dye conjugation and cell association is critical for AU-011-mediated cytotoxicity. Using the uveal melanoma xenograft models, we observed tumor uptake following intravenous (murine) and intravitreal (rabbit) administration and, after photoactivation, potent dose-dependent tumor responses. Furthermore, in the rabbit orthotopic model, which closely models uveal melanoma as it presents in the clinic, tumor treatment spared the retina and adjacent ocular structures. Our results support further clinical development of this novel therapeutic modality that might transform visual outcomes and provide a targeted therapy for the early-stage treatment of patients with this rare and life-threatening disease. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(2); 565-74. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Shin J Kang
- Emory Eye Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Demetrios Vavvas
- Angiogenesis Laboratory Retina Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | - John T Schiller
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
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23
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Cerqueira C, Thompson CD, Day PM, Pang YYS, Lowy DR, Schiller JT. Efficient Production of Papillomavirus Gene Delivery Vectors in Defined In Vitro Reactions. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2017; 5:165-179. [PMID: 28497074 PMCID: PMC5423317 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Papillomavirus capsids can package a wide variety of nonviral DNA plasmids and deliver the packaged genetic material to cells, making them attractive candidates for targeted gene delivery vehicles. However, the papillomavirus vectors generated by current methods are unlikely to be suitable for clinical applications. We have developed a chemically defined, cell-free, papillomavirus-based vector production system that allows the incorporation of purified plasmid DNA (pseudogenome) into high-titer papillomavirus L1/L2 capsids. We investigated the incorporation of several DNA forms into a variety of different papillomavirus types, including human and animal types. Our results show that papillomavirus capsids can package and transduce linear or circular DNA under defined conditions. Packaging and transduction efficiencies were surprisingly variable across capsid types, DNA forms, and assembly reaction conditions. The pseudoviruses produced by these methods are sensitive to the same entry inhibitors as cell-derived pseudovirions, including neutralizing antibodies and heparin. The papillomavirus vector production systems developed in this study generated as high as 1011 infectious units/mg of L1. The pseudoviruses were infectious both in vitro and in vivo and should be compatible with good manufacturing practice (GMP) requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Cerqueira
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Cynthia D. Thompson
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Patricia M. Day
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yuk-Ying S. Pang
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Douglas R. Lowy
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John T. Schiller
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Corresponding author: John T. Schiller, Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 37, Room 4112B, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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24
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Zhong Z, Zhai Y, Bu P, Shah S, Qiao L. Papilloma-pseudovirus eradicates intestinal tumours and triples the lifespan of Apc Min/+ mice. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15004. [PMID: 28397782 PMCID: PMC5394268 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inducing tumour-specific adaptive immunity, such as cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response, can result in promising antitumour effect against several human malignancies, especially in combination with immune checkpoint blockade strategies. However, little is known whether activation of innate immunity can lead to direct tumoricidal effect. Here, we develop a papilloma pseudovirus-based oral immunotherapeutic approach that shows strong tumoricidal effects in the gut, resulting in an almost tripled lifespan of ApcMin/+ mice (an animal model of human intestinal tumorigenesis). Mechanistically, these pseudoviruses activate the NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasomes, leading to caspase-1-mediated tumour regression that is dependent on neither cytotoxic T lymphocytes nor humoral immune response. Blocking caspase-1 activation abrogated the therapeutic effects of the pseudoviruses. Thus, targeting innate immune sensors in tumours by the pseudoviruses might represent a strategy to treat intestinal tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Zhong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Health Sciences Division, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois 60153, USA
| | - Yougang Zhai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Health Sciences Division, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois 60153, USA
| | - Ping Bu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stritch School of Medicine, Health Sciences Division, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois 60153, USA.,Research Service, Edward Hines, Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, Illinois 60141, USA
| | - Shivanee Shah
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Health Sciences Division, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois 60153, USA
| | - Liang Qiao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Health Sciences Division, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois 60153, USA.,Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China.,Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, China
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25
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Berman TA, Schiller JT. Human papillomavirus in cervical cancer and oropharyngeal cancer: One cause, two diseases. Cancer 2017; 123:2219-2229. [DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tara A. Berman
- Medical Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda Maryland
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda Maryland
| | - John T. Schiller
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda Maryland
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26
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Araldi RP, Assaf SMR, Carvalho RFD, Carvalho MACRD, Souza JMD, Magnelli RF, Módolo DG, Roperto FP, Stocco RDC, Beçak W. Papillomaviruses: a systematic review. Genet Mol Biol 2017; 40:1-21. [PMID: 28212457 PMCID: PMC5409773 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2016-0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, a group of viruses has received great attention due to its
relationship with cancer development and its wide distribution throughout the
vertebrates: the papillomaviruses. In this article, we aim to review some of the most
relevant reports concerning the use of bovines as an experimental model for studies
related to papillomaviruses. Moreover, the obtained data contributes to the
development of strategies against the clinical consequences of bovine
papillomaviruses (BPV) that have led to drastic hazards to the herds. To overcome the
problem, the vaccines that we have been developing involve recombinant DNA
technology, aiming at prophylactic and therapeutic procedures. It is important to
point out that these strategies can be used as models for innovative procedures
against HPV, as this virus is the main causal agent of cervical cancer, the second
most fatal cancer in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Pinheiro Araldi
- Laboratório de Genética, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação Interunidades em Biotecnologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICB), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Jacqueline Mazzuchelli de Souza
- Laboratório de Genética, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação Interunidades em Biotecnologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICB), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberta Fiusa Magnelli
- Laboratório de Genética, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação Interunidades em Biotecnologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICB), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Franco Peppino Roperto
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Campania, Italy
| | | | - Willy Beçak
- Laboratório de Genética, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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27
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Krantz BA, Dave N, Komatsubara KM, Marr BP, Carvajal RD. Uveal melanoma: epidemiology, etiology, and treatment of primary disease. Clin Ophthalmol 2017; 11:279-289. [PMID: 28203054 PMCID: PMC5298817 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s89591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common intraocular malignancy and arises from melanocytes in the iris, ciliary body, or choroid. Early diagnosis and local treatment is crucial, as survival correlates with primary tumor size. However, approximately 50% of patients will develop metastatic disease with 6-12 months' survival from metastatic diagnosis. Genomic analyses have led to the development of gene-expression profiles that effectively predict metastatic progression; unfortunately, no adjuvant therapy has been shown to prolong survival to date. New insights into the molecular biology of UM have found frequent activating mutations in genes encoding for the G-protein α-subunit, GNAQ and GNA11, and improved understanding of the downstream signaling pathways MAPK, PI3K/Akt, and Hippo have afforded an array of new targets for treatment of this disease. Studies are under way with rationally developed regimens targeting these pathways, and novel agents are under development. We review the diagnosis, management, and surveillance of primary UM and the adjuvant therapy trials under way.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nikita Dave
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Columbia University Medical Center
| | | | - Brian P Marr
- Ophthalmic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
- Department of Ophthalmology, Weill Cornell Medical College
| | - Richard D Carvajal
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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28
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Komatsubara KM, Jeter J, Carvajal RD, Margolin K, Schadendorf D, Hauschild A. Advances in the Treatment of Advanced Extracutaneous Melanomas and Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2017; 37:641-650. [PMID: 28561682 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_175265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous malignancies make up the greatest proportion of all human cancers and include melanomas as well as nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) such as basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), as well as less common Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), cutaneous lymphomas, cutaneous adnexal tumors, Kaposi sarcomas, and other sarcomas. Each of these NMSCs differ significantly in biology, clinical behavior, and optimal treatment recommendations from each other and from cutaneous melanoma. Similarly, less common extracutaneous melanomas, such as mucosal (MMs) and uveal (UMs), are unique biologic and clinical entities that require distinct diagnostic and management considerations. In this review, we summarize recent advances in biology and treatment of extracutaneous melanomas and NMSCs, including MMs, UMs, cSCC, BCC, and MCC.
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MESH Headings
- B7-H1 Antigen/antagonists & inhibitors
- B7-H1 Antigen/genetics
- Carcinoma, Basal Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Basal Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Basal Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Merkel Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Merkel Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Merkel Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Merkel Cell/radiotherapy
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Humans
- Lymphoma/drug therapy
- Lymphoma/genetics
- Lymphoma/pathology
- Melanoma/drug therapy
- Melanoma/genetics
- Melanoma/pathology
- Neoplasm Staging
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/genetics
- Skin Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Skin Neoplasms/genetics
- Skin Neoplasms/pathology
- Skin Neoplasms/radiotherapy
- Melanoma, Cutaneous Malignant
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly M Komatsubara
- From the Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH; City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Joanne Jeter
- From the Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH; City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Richard D Carvajal
- From the Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH; City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kim Margolin
- From the Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH; City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Dirk Schadendorf
- From the Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH; City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Axel Hauschild
- From the Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH; City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
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29
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Papillomavirus assembly: An overview and perspectives. Virus Res 2016; 231:103-107. [PMID: 27840111 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Papillomavirus life cycle is tightly coupled to epithelial cell differentiation, which has hindered the investigation of many aspects of papillomavirus biology, including virion assembly. The development of in vitro production methods of papillomavirus pseudoviruses, and the production of "native" virus in raft cultures have facilitated the study of some aspects of the assembly process. In this paper we review the current knowledge of papillomavirus assembly, directions for future research, and the implications of these studies on new therapeutic interventions.
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Hojeij R, Domingos-Pereira S, Nkosi M, Gharbi D, Derré L, Schiller JT, Jichlinski P, Nardelli-Haefliger D. Immunogenic Human Papillomavirus Pseudovirus-Mediated Suicide-Gene Therapy for Bladder Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17071125. [PMID: 27428950 PMCID: PMC4964499 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is the second most common urological malignancy in the world. In 70% of cases it is initially diagnosed as non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and it is amenable to local treatments, with intravesical (IVES) Bacillus-Calmette-Guerin (BCG) immunotherapy being routinely used after transurethral resection of the lesion. However, this treatment is associated with significant side-effects and treatment failures, highlighting the necessity of novel strategies. One potent approach is the suicide-gene mediated therapy/prodrug combination, provided tumor-specificity can be ensured and anti-tumor immune responses induced. Using the mouse syngeneic orthotopic MB49-bladder tumor model, here we show that IVES human papillomavirus non-replicative pseudovirions (PsV) can pseudoinfect tumors with a ten-fold higher efficacy than normal bladders. In addition, PsV carrying the suicide-gene herpes-simplex virus thymidine kinase (PsV-TK) combined to Ganciclovir (GCV) led to immunogenic cell-death of tumor cells in vitro and to MB49-specific CD8 T-cells in vivo. This was associated with reduction in bladder-tumor growth and increased mice survival. Altogether, our data show that IVES PsV-TK/GCV may be a promising alternative or combinatory treatment for NMIBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rim Hojeij
- Department of Urology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland.
| | - Sonia Domingos-Pereira
- Department of Urology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland.
| | - Marianne Nkosi
- Department of Urology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland.
| | - Dalila Gharbi
- Department of Urology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland.
| | - Laurent Derré
- Department of Urology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland.
| | - John T Schiller
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Patrice Jichlinski
- Department of Urology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland.
| | - Denise Nardelli-Haefliger
- Department of Urology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland.
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