1
|
Teixeira ABDS, Ramalho MCC, de Souza I, de Andrade IAM, Osawa IYA, Guedes CB, de Oliveira BS, de Souza CHD, da Silva TL, Moreno NC, Latancia MT, Rocha CRR. The role of chaperone-mediated autophagy in drug resistance. Genet Mol Biol 2024; 47:e20230317. [PMID: 38829285 PMCID: PMC11145944 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2023-0317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In the search for alternatives to overcome the challenge imposed by drug resistance development in cancer treatment, the modulation of autophagy has emerged as a promising alternative that has achieved good results in clinical trials. Nevertheless, most of these studies have overlooked a novel and selective type of autophagy: chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA). Following its discovery, research into CMA's contribution to tumor progression has accelerated rapidly. Therefore, we now understand that stress conditions are the primary signal responsible for modulating CMA in cancer cells. In turn, the degradation of proteins by CMA can offer important advantages for tumorigenesis, since tumor suppressor proteins are CMA targets. Such mutual interaction between the tumor microenvironment and CMA also plays a crucial part in establishing therapy resistance, making this discussion the focus of the present review. Thus, we highlight how suppression of LAMP2A can enhance the sensitivity of cancer cells to several drugs, just as downregulation of CMA activity can lead to resistance in certain cases. Given this panorama, it is important to identify selective modulators of CMA to enhance the therapeutic response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Beatriz da Silva Teixeira
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Departamento de
Oncologia Clínica e Experimental, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Carolina Clares Ramalho
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Departamento de
Oncologia Clínica e Experimental, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Izadora de Souza
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Departamento de
Oncologia Clínica e Experimental, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Isabeli Yumi Araújo Osawa
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Departamento de
Oncologia Clínica e Experimental, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila Banca Guedes
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Departamento de
Oncologia Clínica e Experimental, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Silva de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Departamento de
Oncologia Clínica e Experimental, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Tainá Lins da Silva
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Departamento de
Oncologia Clínica e Experimental, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Natália Cestari Moreno
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Child Health
and Human Development, Laboratory of Genomic Integrity, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marcela Teatin Latancia
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Child Health
and Human Development, Laboratory of Genomic Integrity, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Clarissa Ribeiro Reily Rocha
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Departamento de
Oncologia Clínica e Experimental, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yagublu V, Bayramov B, Reissfelder C, Hajibabazade J, Abdulrahimli S, Keese M. Microarray-based detection and expression analysis of drug resistance in an animal model of peritoneal metastasis from colon cancer. Clin Exp Metastasis 2024:10.1007/s10585-024-10283-5. [PMID: 38609535 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-024-10283-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Chemotherapy drugs efficiently eradicate rapidly dividing differentiated cells by inducing cell death, but poorly target slowly dividing cells, including cancer stem cells and dormant cancer cells, in the later course of treatment. Prolonged exposure to chemotherapy results in a decrease in the proportion of apoptotic cells in the tumour mass. To investigate and characterize the molecular basis of this phenomenon, microarray-based expression analysis was performed to compare tHcred2-DEVD-EGFP-caspase 3-sensor transfected C-26 tumour cells that were harvested after engraftment into mice treated with or without 5-FU. Peritoneal metastasis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of C-26 cells, which were subsequently reisolated from omental metastatic tumours after the mice were sacrificed by the end of the 10th day after tumour injection. The purity of reisolated tHcred2-DEVD-EGFP-caspase 3-sensor-expressing C-26 cells was confirmed using FLIM, and total RNA was extracted for gene expression profiling. The validation of relative transcript levels was carried out via real-time semiquantitative RT‒PCR assays. Our results demonstrated that chemotherapy induced the differential expression of mediators of cancer cell dormancy and cell survival-related genes and downregulation of both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic signalling pathways. Despite the fact that some differentially expressed genes, such as BMP7 and Prss11, have not been thoroughly studied in the context of chemoresistance thus far, they might be potential candidates for future studies on overcoming drug resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vugar Yagublu
- Department of Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Bayram Bayramov
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, Genetic Resources Institute of Ministry of Science and Education, Baku, Azerbaijan
- Department of Natural Sciences, Western Caspian University, AZ1001, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Christoph Reissfelder
- Department of Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, DKFZ-Hector Cancer Institute, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Javahir Hajibabazade
- Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Bowen Science Building, 51 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA, 52242-1009, USA
| | - Shalala Abdulrahimli
- Department of Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, Genetic Resources Institute of Ministry of Science and Education, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Michael Keese
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Theresienkrankenhaus and St. Hedwigsklinik, Mannheim, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lee SY, Choi SH, Kim Y, Ahn HS, Ko YG, Kim K, Chi SW, Kim H. Migrasomal autophagosomes relieve endoplasmic reticulum stress in glioblastoma cells. BMC Biol 2024; 22:23. [PMID: 38287397 PMCID: PMC10826056 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-01829-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is more difficult to treat than other intractable adult tumors. The main reason that GBM is so difficult to treat is that it is highly infiltrative. Migrasomes are newly discovered membrane structures observed in migrating cells. Thus, they can be generated from GBM cells that have the ability to migrate along the brain parenchyma. However, the function of migrasomes has not yet been elucidated in GBM cells. RESULTS Here, we describe the composition and function of migrasomes generated along with GBM cell migration. Proteomic analysis revealed that LC3B-positive autophagosomes were abundant in the migrasomes of GBM cells. An increased number of migrasomes was observed following treatment with chloroquine (CQ) or inhibition of the expression of STX17 and SNAP29, which are involved in autophagosome/lysosome fusion. Furthermore, depletion of ITGA5 or TSPAN4 did not relieve endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in cells, resulting in cell death. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our study suggests that increasing the number of autophagosomes, through inhibition of autophagosome/lysosome fusion, generates migrasomes that have the capacity to alleviate cellular stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seon Yong Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hun Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonji Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Sung Ahn
- Convergence Medicine Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Gyu Ko
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunggon Kim
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Wook Chi
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunggee Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Qin Y, Xiong S, Ren J, Sethi G. Autophagy machinery in glioblastoma: The prospect of cell death crosstalk and drug resistance with bioinformatics analysis. Cancer Lett 2024; 580:216482. [PMID: 37977349 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Brain tumors are common malignancies with high mortality and morbidity in which glioblastoma (GB) is a grade IV astrocytoma with heterogeneous nature. The conventional therapeutics for the GB mainly include surgery and chemotherapy, however their efficacy has been compromised due to the aggressiveness of tumor cells. The dysregulation of cell death mechanisms, especially autophagy has been reported as a factor causing difficulties in cancer therapy. As a mechanism contributing to cell homeostasis, the autophagy process is hijacked by tumor cells for the purpose of aggravating cancer progression and drug resistance. The autophagy function is context-dependent and its role can be lethal or protective in cancer. The aim of the current paper is to highlight the role of autophagy in the regulation of GB progression. The cytotoxic function of autophagy can promote apoptosis and ferroptosis in GB cells and vice versa. Autophagy dysregulation can cause drug resistance and radioresistance in GB. Moreover, stemness can be regulated by autophagy and overall growth as well as metastasis are affected by autophagy. The various interventions including administration of synthetic/natural products and nanoplatforms can target autophagy. Therefore, autophagy can act as a promising target in GB therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Qin
- Department of Lab, Chifeng Cancer Hospital (The 2nd Afflicted Hospital of Chifeng University), Chifeng University, Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 024000, China.
| | - Shengjun Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, NUS Centre for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, 16 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117600, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dokou S, Mellidou I, Savvidou S, Stylianaki I, Panteli N, Antonopoulou E, Wang J, Grigoriadou K, Tzora A, Jin L, Skoufos IA, Giannenas I. A phytobiotic extract, in an aqueous or in a cyclodextrin encapsulated form, added in diet affects meat oxidation, cellular responses and intestinal morphometry and microbiota of broilers. FRONTIERS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2023.1050170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The present trial examined the effects of diet supplementation with an extract including Greek oregano, garlic, rock samphire, and camelina, administered either in aqueous form or encapsulated in cyclodextrin, on broiler chickens. The duration of the trial was 35 days. Mixed broiler chicks (Ross-308, 120 individuals, 1 day old) were randomly allocated to one of three groups, each with four replicates. Control group A (CONTROL) was fed a basal diet consisting of maize and soybean. The diet of the AQORGCC and CDORGCC groups was further supplemented with aqueous and cyclodextrin-encapsulated herbal extracts, respectively. Levels of lipid and protein oxidation were determined in breast and thigh meat samples. Furthermore, to address cellular stress and signaling responses, the expression patterns of heat shock proteins (Hsp60, Hsp70, and Hsp90), mitogen-activated protein kinases (P38 and P44/42 MAPKs), and apoptotic-related proteins (Bcl-2/Bad ratio) were investigated in breast and thigh tissues using Western blot analysis. The intestinal morphometry of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum was also assessed. To investigate ileal and cecal bacterial community diversity, 16S rRNA gene high-throughput amplicon sequencing on the V3–V4 hypervariable region was performed. The results showed that the herbal extract in cyclodextrin delayed meat lipid oxidation. According to the protein expression patterns, the formulated diets elicited tissue-specific cellular responses. Compared with the CONTROL group, dietary supplementation with the encapsulated form resulted in significant Hsp induction and MAPK activation, whereas, in the group whose diet was supplemented with the aqueous form, the expression of most of the examined proteins decreased or was maintained at a constant level. Villus height and lamina propria width were mostly affected by the aqueous herbal extract, whereas the number of goblet cells remained unchanged among the groups. Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidota were the major phyla in mean relative abundance in all diets in both cecal and ileal samples. Alpha-diversity indices highlighted higher species richness and diversity in the cecum than in the ileum, as well as in chicks treated with the aqueous extract of the herbal mixture, but only in the cecum. Cecal beta-diversity differed between the cyclodextrin and the CONTROL groups, while ileal beta-diversity varied only between the aqueous-treated group and the CONTROL group. In conclusion, the dietary mixtures of herbal extracts (particularly those encapsulated in cyclodextrin) improved protein and lipid oxidation and increased the number of beneficial lactic acid-producing bacteria in the cecum, whereas the aqueous herbal extract mostly affected bacterial activity in the proximal part of the chicken intestine. Similarly, intestinal morphometry in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum was mostly affected by the aqueous herbal extract, which seems to inhibit proteins associated with stress signaling in meat.
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang J, Hu Y, Liu P, Xu X. Xanthine oxidoreductase mediates genotoxic drug-induced autophagy and apoptosis resistance by uric acid accumulation and TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) activation. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22723. [PMID: 36583708 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201436r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved cellular process that profoundly impacts the efficacy of genotoxic chemotherapeutic drugs. TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) is a serine/threonine kinase that activates several signaling pathways involved in inducing autophagy and suppressing cell death. Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is a rate-limiting enzyme that converts hypoxanthine to xanthine, and xanthine to uric acid and hydrogen peroxide in the purine catabolism pathway. Recent studies showed that uric acid can bind to TAK1 and prolong its activation. We hypothesized that genotoxic drugs may induce autophagy and apoptosis resistance by activating TAK1 through XOR-generated uric acid. Here, we report that gemcitabine and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), two genotoxic drugs, induced autophagy in HeLa and HT-29 cells by activating TAK1 and its two downstream kinases, AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) and c-Jun terminal kinase (JNK). XOR knockdown and the XOR inhibitor allopurinol blocked gemcitabine-induced TAK1, JNK, AMPK, and Unc51-like kinase 1 (ULK1)S555 phosphorylation and gemcitabine-induced autophagy. Inhibition of the ATM-Chk pathway, which inhibits genotoxic drug-induced uric acid production, blocked gemcitabine-induced autophagy by inhibiting TAK1 activation. Exogenous uric acid in its salt form, monosodium urate (MSU), induced autophagy by activating TAK1 and its downstream kinases JNK and AMPK. Gene knockdown or the inhibitors of these kinases blocked gemcitabine- and MSU-induced autophagy. Inhibition of autophagy by allopurinol, chloroquine, and 5Z-7-oxozeaenol (5Z), a TAK1-specific inhibitor, enhanced gemcitabine-induced apoptosis. Our study uncovers a previously unrecognized role of XOR in regulating genotoxic drug-induced autophagy and apoptosis and has implications for designing novel therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingxiang Wang
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yanhua Hu
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Penggang Liu
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiulong Xu
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Metronomic doses and drug schematic combination response tested within chambered coverslips for the treatment of breast cancer cells (JIMT-1). PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274911. [PMID: 36174026 PMCID: PMC9522273 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-dose metronomic (LDM) chemotherapy is an alternative to conventional chemotherapy and is the most frequently used approach in low dose chemotherapy regimens. The selection of patients, drug dosages, and dosing intervals in LDM is empirical. In this study, we systematically examined the schedule-dependent interaction of drugs on a breast cancer cell line (BCC) cultured in chambered coverslips. The LDM studies were combined with cell staining in order to better characterize different cell states and cell death modes, including caspase-dependent apoptosis, caspase-independent cell death and autophagy-dependent cell death. Microscope images were examined using the Fiji Trainable Weka Segmentation plugin to analyse cell area in 7500 images showing different modes of cell death. Paclitaxel combined with LDM chemotherapy demonstrated a reduction in the area covered by live cells. In contrast, there was an induction of high levels of cell death due to caspase-dependent apoptosis.
Collapse
|
8
|
Yang R, Yi M, Xiang B. Novel Insights on Lipid Metabolism Alterations in Drug Resistance in Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:875318. [PMID: 35646898 PMCID: PMC9136290 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.875318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is one of the primary treatments for most human cancers. Despite great progress in cancer therapeutics, chemotherapy continues to be important for improving the survival of cancer patients, especially for those who has unresectable metastatic tumors or fail to respond to immunotherapy. However, intrinsic or acquired chemoresistance results in tumor recurrence, which remains a major obstacle in anti-cancer treatment. The high prevalence of chemoresistant cancer makes it urgent to deepen our understanding on chemoresistance mechanisms and to develop novel therapeutic strategies. Multiple mechanisms, including drug efflux, enhanced DNA damage reparability, increased detoxifying enzymes levels, presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs), epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), autophagy, ferroptosis and resistance to apoptosis, underlie the development of chemoresistance. Recently, accumulating evidence suggests that lipid metabolism alteration is closely related to drug resistance in tumor. Targeting lipid metabolism in combination with traditional chemotherapeutic drugs is a promising strategy to overcome drug resistance. Therefore, this review compiles the current knowledge about aberrant lipid metabolism in chemoresistant cancer, mainly focusing on aberrant fatty acid metabolism, and presents novel therapeutic strategies targeting altered lipid metabolism to overcome chemoresistance in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Yang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hypertension Center, FuWai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Yi
- Department of Dermatology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bo Xiang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fan G, Qin J, Fu X, Si X, Li L, Yang K, Wang B, Lou H, Zhu J. Low-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Targeted Microbubble Destruction Enhanced Paclitaxel Sensitivity by Decreasing Autophagy in Paclitaxel-Resistant Ovarian Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:823956. [PMID: 35574313 PMCID: PMC9098947 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.823956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) was introduced as a promising method to improve anti-tumor therapeutic efficacy, while minimizing side effects to healthy tissues. Nevertheless, the acoustical phenomenon behind the UTMD as well as the exact mechanisms of autophagy action involved in the increased anti-cancer response are still not fully understood. Therefore, we examined the drug resistance-reversing effects of low-intensity focused ultrasound with microbubble (LIFU+MB) in paclitaxel (PTX)-resistant ovarian cancer cells. Cell viability was evaluated using CCK8 (Cell Counting Kit-8), apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry, quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expressions of mRNA and protein, and autophagy was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We revealed that the level of autophagy was increased (p < 0.05) in PTX-resistant ovarian cancer cells. Treatment of LIFU+MB combined with PTX can notably inhibit proliferation as well as increase apoptosis (p < 0.01) in drug-resistant cells. We proposed that LIFU+MB might affect the sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells to PTX by modulating autophagy. To verify the hypothesis, we analyzed the autophagy level of drug-resistant cells after the treatment of LIFU+MB and found that autophagy was significantly inhibited. Altogether, our findings demonstrated that LIFU+MB could reverse PTX resistance in ovarian cancer via inhibiting autophagy, which provides a novel strategy to improve chemosensitivity in ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gonglin Fan
- Department of Ultrasound, Sir Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiale Qin
- Department of Ultrasound, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Fu
- Department of Ultrasound, Sir Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xing Si
- Department of Ultrasound, Sir Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Keji Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Beibei Wang
- Center of Cryo-Electron Microscope (CCEM), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haiya Lou
- Department of Ultrasound, Sir Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Department of Ultrasound, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jiang Zhu,
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Console L, Scalise M. Extracellular Vesicles and Cell Pathways Involved in Cancer Chemoresistance. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12050618. [PMID: 35629286 PMCID: PMC9143651 DOI: 10.3390/life12050618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance is a pharmacological condition that allows transformed cells to maintain their proliferative phenotype in the presence of administered anticancer drugs. Recently, extracellular vesicles, including exosomes, have been identified as additional players responsible for the chemoresistance of cancer cells. These are nanovesicles that are released by almost all cell types in both physiological and pathological conditions and contain proteins and nucleic acids as molecular cargo. Extracellular vesicles released in the bloodstream reach recipient cells and confer them novel metabolic properties. Exosomes can foster chemoresistance by promoting prosurvival and antiapoptotic pathways, affecting cancer stem cells and immunotherapies, and stimulating drug efflux. In this context, a crucial role is played by membrane transporters belonging to ABC, SLC, and P-type pump families. These proteins are fundamental in cell metabolism and drug transport in either physiological or pathological conditions. In this review, different roles of extracellular vesicles in drug resistance of cancer cells will be explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lara Console
- Correspondence: (L.C.); (M.S.); Tel.: +39-0984-492919 (L.C.); +39-0984-492938 (M.S.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu Y, Ao X, Yu W, Zhang Y, Wang J. Biogenesis, functions, and clinical implications of circular RNAs in non-small cell lung cancer. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 27:50-72. [PMID: 34938606 PMCID: PMC8645422 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with high morbidity and mortality. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a major pathological type of LC and accounts for more than 80% of all cases. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a large class of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) with covalently closed-loop structures, a high abundance, and tissue-specific expression patterns. They participate in various pathophysiological processes by regulating complex gene networks involved in proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), as well as metastasis. A growing number of studies have revealed that the dysregulation of circRNAs contributes to many aspects of cancer progression, such as its occurrence, metastasis, and recurrence, suggesting their great potential as efficient and specific biomarkers in the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic targeting of NSCLC. In this review, we systematically elucidate the characteristics, biogenesis, and functions of circRNAs and focus on their molecular mechanisms in NSCLC progression. Moreover, we highlight their clinical implications in NSCLC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiang Ao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wanpeng Yu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Jianxun Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yang L, Xie HJ, Li YY, Wang X, Liu XX, Mai J. Molecular mechanisms of platinum‑based chemotherapy resistance in ovarian cancer (Review). Oncol Rep 2022; 47:82. [PMID: 35211759 PMCID: PMC8908330 DOI: 10.3892/or.2022.8293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is one of the most effective chemotherapy drugs for ovarian cancer, but resistance is common. The initial response to platinum‑based chemotherapy is as high as 80%, but in most advanced patients, final relapse and death are caused by acquired drug resistance. The development of resistance to therapy in ovarian cancer is a significant hindrance to therapeutic efficacy. The resistance of ovarian cancer cells to chemotherapeutic mechanisms is rather complex and includes multidrug resistance, DNA damage repair, cell metabolism, oxidative stress, cell cycle regulation, cancer stem cells, immunity, apoptotic pathways, autophagy and abnormal signaling pathways. The present review provided an update of recent developments in our understanding of the mechanisms of ovarian cancer platinum‑based chemotherapy resistance, discussed current and emerging approaches for targeting these patients and presented challenges associated with these approaches, with a focus on development and overcoming resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Jian Xie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Ying Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Xin Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Jia Mai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Circ-PKD2 promotes Atg13-mediated autophagy by inhibiting miR-646 to increase the sensitivity of cisplatin in oral squamous cell carcinomas. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:192. [PMID: 35220397 PMCID: PMC8882170 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04497-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionally conserved catabolic process that degrades cells to maintain homeostasis. Cisplatin-activated autophagy promotes the expression of circ-PKD2, which plays a role as a tumor suppressor gene in the proliferation, migration, and invasion in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, the role of circ-PKD2 in regulating the sensitivity of OSCC patients to cisplatin remains to be elucidated. Overexpression of circ-PKD2 increased the formation of autophagosomes in OSCC cells and activation of proteins, such as LC3 II/I. Its activation effect on autophagy was, however, alleviated by 3-MA. Bioinformatics analyses and double luciferases reporter assays conducted in this study confirmed the existence of targeted relationships between circ-PKD2 and miR-646 and miR-646 and Atg13. Functional experiments further revealed that miR-646 reversed the autophagy and apoptosis effects of circ-PKD2 in OSCC cells treated with cisplatin. In addition, circ-PKD2 promoted the expression of ATG13 by adsorption of miR-646. Its interference with Atg13 alleviated the activation effects of circ-PKD2 on autophagy and apoptosis of miR-646. Notably, the in vivo animal experiments also confirmed that circ-PKD2 inhibited tumor proliferation and activated autophagy in OSCC cells. This study provides a theoretical basis for using circ-PKD2 as a target to regulate the sensitivity of OSCC patients to cisplatin, thus increasing its chemotherapeutic effects.
Collapse
|
14
|
Liao M, Xie Q, Zhao Y, Yang C, Lin C, Wang G, Liu B, Zhu L. Main active components of Si-Miao-Yong-An decoction (SMYAD) attenuate autophagy and apoptosis via the PDE5A-AKT and TLR4-NOX4 pathways in isoproterenol (ISO)-induced heart failure models. Pharmacol Res 2022; 176:106077. [PMID: 35026404 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF), the main cause of death in patients with many cardiovascular diseases, has been reported to be closely related to the complicated pathogenesis of autophagy, apoptosis, and inflammation. Notably, Si-Miao-Yong-An decoction (SMYAD) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) used to treat cardiovascular disease; however, the main active components and their relevant mechanisms remain to be discovered. Based on our previous ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q/TOF-MS) results, we identified angoriside C (AC) and 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (3,5-DiCQA) as the main active components of SMYAD. In vivo results showed that AC and 3,5-DiCQA effectively improved cardiac function, reduced the fibrotic area, and alleviated isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocarditis in rats. Moreover, AC and 3,5-DiCQA inhibited ISO-induced autophagic cell death by inhibiting the PDE5A/AKT/mTOR/ULK1 pathway and inhibited ISO-induced apoptosis by inhibiting the TLR4/NOX4/BAX pathway. In addition, the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA was shown to reduce ISO-induced apoptosis, indicating that ISO-induced autophagic cell death leads to excess apoptosis. Taken together, the main active components AC and 3,5-DiCQA of SMYAD inhibit the excessive autophagic cell death and apoptosis induced by ISO by inhibiting the PDE5A-AKT and TLR4-NOX4 pathways, thereby reducing myocardial inflammation and improving heart function to alleviate and treat a rat ISO-induced heart failure model and cell heart failure models. More importantly, the main active components of SMYAD will provide new insights into a promising strategy that will promote the discovery of more main active components of SMYAD for therapeutic purposes in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minru Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuqian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Chengcan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Congcong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Guan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Lingjuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sadri Nahand J, Salmaninejad A, Mollazadeh S, Tamehri Zadeh SS, Rezaee M, Sheida AH, Sadoughi F, Dana PM, Rafiyan M, Zamani M, Taghavi SP, Dashti F, Mirazimi SMA, Bannazadeh Baghi H, Moghoofei M, Karimzadeh M, Vosough M, Mirzaei H. Virus, Exosome, and MicroRNA: New Insights into Autophagy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1401:97-162. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2022_715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
16
|
Abstract
Phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) is the first enzyme in glycolysis to generate a molecule of ATP in the conversion of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate (1,3-BPG) to 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PG). In addition to the role of glycolysis, PGK-1 acts as a polymerase alpha cofactor protein, with effects on the tricarboxylic acid cycle, DNA replication and repair. Posttranslational modifications such as methylation, phosphorylation, and acetylation have been seen to activate PGK1 in cancer. High levels of intracellular PGK1 are associated with tumorigenesis and progression, and chemoradiotherapy resistance. However, high levels of extracellular PGK1 suppress angiogenesis and subsequently counteract cancer malignancy. Here we have summarized the current knowledge on the mechanisms and effects of PGK1 in various tumor types and evaluated its potential prognostic and therapeutic value in cancer. The data summarized here aims at providing molecular information and new ideas of employing natural products to combat cancer associated with PGK1.
Collapse
|
17
|
Liu Y, Ao X, Ji G, Zhang Y, Yu W, Wang J. Mechanisms of Action And Clinical Implications of MicroRNAs in the Drug Resistance of Gastric Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:768918. [PMID: 34912714 PMCID: PMC8667691 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.768918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignant tumors of digestive systems worldwide, with high recurrence and mortality. Chemotherapy is still the standard treatment option for GC and can effectively improve the survival and life quality of GC patients. However, with the emergence of drug resistance, the clinical application of chemotherapeutic agents has been seriously restricted in GC patients. Although the mechanisms of drug resistance have been broadly investigated, they are still largely unknown. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a large group of small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) widely involved in the occurrence and progression of many cancer types, including GC. An increasing amount of evidence suggests that miRNAs may play crucial roles in the development of drug resistance by regulating some drug resistance-related proteins as well as gene expression. Some also exhibit great potential as novel biomarkers for predicting drug response to chemotherapy and therapeutic targets for GC patients. In this review, we systematically summarize recent advances in miRNAs and focus on their molecular mechanisms in the development of drug resistance in GC progression. We also highlight the potential of drug resistance-related miRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for GC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiang Ao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guoqiang Ji
- Clinical Laboratory, Linqu People's Hospital, Linqu, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wanpeng Yu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianxun Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Shafabakhsh R, Arianfar F, Vosough M, Mirzaei HR, Mahjoubin-Tehran M, Khanbabaei H, Kowsari H, Shojaie L, Azar MEF, Hamblin MR, Mirzaei H. Autophagy and gastrointestinal cancers: the behind the scenes role of long non-coding RNAs in initiation, progression, and treatment resistance. Cancer Gene Ther 2021; 28:1229-1255. [PMID: 33432087 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-020-00272-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers comprise a heterogeneous group of complex disorders that affect different organs, including esophagus, stomach, gallbladder, liver, biliary tract, pancreas, small intestine, colon, rectum, and anus. Recently, an explosion in nucleic acid-based technologies has led to the discovery of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that have been found to possess unique regulatory functions. This class of RNAs is >200 nucleotides in length, and is characterized by their lack of protein coding. LncRNAs exert regulatory effects in GI cancer development by affecting different functions such as the proliferation and metastasis of cancer cells, apoptosis, glycolysis and angiogenesis. Over the past few decades, considerable evidence has revealed the important role of autophagy in both GI cancer progression and suppression. In addition, recent studies have confirmed a significant correlation between lncRNAs and the regulation of autophagy. In this review, we summarize how lncRNAs play a behind the scenes role in the pathogenesis of GI cancers through regulation of autophagy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rana Shafabakhsh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Arianfar
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, 1665659911, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Mirzaei
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mahjoubin-Tehran
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hashem Khanbabaei
- Medical Physics Department, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hamed Kowsari
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Layla Shojaie
- Research Center for Liver Diseases, Keck School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa.
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cai W, Yin L, Jiang H, Weizmann Y, Wang X. Intelligent Bio-Responsive Fluorescent Au-shRNA Complexes for Regulated Autophagy and Effective Cancer Bioimaging and Therapeutics. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:bios11110425. [PMID: 34821640 PMCID: PMC8615530 DOI: 10.3390/bios11110425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) MALAT1 acts as an oncogene. RNA interference (RNAi) is an effective method to control the expression of specific genes and can be used for the treatment of tumors, but an effective and safe carrier system is a significant obstacle to gene therapy. Herein, we explored the possibility of constructing an in situ bio-responsive self-assembled fluorescent gold-short hairpin RNA nanocomplex (Au-shRNA NCs) delivery system by co-incubating gold and MALAT1-shRNA for precise hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) imaging and treatment. Due to the characteristics of the cancer microenvironment, Au-shRNA NCs self-assembled in HCC cells (HepG2) but did not occur in control cells (L02) under the same conditions. The in situ bio-responsive self-assembled Au-shRNA NCs delivery system can realize cancer cell bioimaging and promote cell uptake and endosomal escape mechanism, thereby realizing effective transfection. They effectively silenced target gene MALAT1, and with the downregulation of MALAT1, we found that several molecules involved in autophagic flux were also regulated. In vitro and tumor-bearing mouse model experiments demonstrated that the as-prepared fluorescent Au-shRNA NCs can readily realize tumor bioimaging and effectively silence the target gene MALAT1, and those autophagy-related pathway molecules were significantly downregulated, thereby exerting a tumor suppressor efficiency. This raises the possibility of realizing accurate multi-scale bio-imaging from the molecular-level with targeted gene-recognition to cancer cell imaging as well as in vivo tumor tissue imaging for the simultaneous precise cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weijuan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics (Chien-Shiung Wu Lab), School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; (W.C.); (H.J.)
| | - Liang Yin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shunde 528300, China;
| | - Hui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics (Chien-Shiung Wu Lab), School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; (W.C.); (H.J.)
| | - Yossi Weizmann
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Xuemei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics (Chien-Shiung Wu Lab), School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; (W.C.); (H.J.)
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (X.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Around three out of one hundred thousand people are diagnosed with glioblastoma multiforme, simply called glioblastoma, which is the most common primary brain tumor in adults. With a dismal prognosis of a little over a year, receiving a glioblastoma diagnosis is oftentimes fatal. A major advancement in its treatment was made almost two decades ago when the alkylating chemotherapeutic agent temozolomide (TMZ) was combined with radiotherapy (RT). Little progress has been made since then. Therapies that focus on the modulation of autophagy, a key process that regulates cellular homeostasis, have been developed to curb the progression of glioblastoma. The dual role of autophagy (cell survival or cell death) in glioblastoma has led to the development of autophagy inhibitors and promoters that either work as monotherapies or as part of a combination therapy to induce cell death, cellular senescence, and counteract the ability of glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) for initiating tumor recurrence. The myriad of cellular pathways that act upon the modulation of autophagy have created contention between two groups: those who use autophagy inhibition versus those who use promotion of autophagy to control glioblastoma growth. We discuss rationale for using current major therapeutics, their molecular mechanisms for modulation of autophagy in glioblastoma and GSCs, their potentials for making strides in combating glioblastoma progression, and their possible shortcomings. These shortcomings may fuel the innovation of novel delivery systems and therapies involving TMZ in conjunction with another agent to pave the way towards a new gold standard of glioblastoma treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Manea
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, 6439 Garners Ferry Road, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA
| | - Swapan K Ray
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, 6439 Garners Ferry Road, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lee HS, Park BS, Kang HM, Kim JH, Shin SH, Kim IR. Role of Luteolin-Induced Apoptosis and Autophagy in Human Glioblastoma Cell Lines. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 57:879. [PMID: 34577802 PMCID: PMC8470580 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57090879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Malignant glioblastoma (GBM) is caused by abnormal proliferation of glial cells, which are found in the brain. The therapeutic effects of surgical treatment, radiation therapy, and chemo-therapy against GBM are relatively poor compared with their effects against other tumors. Luteolin is abundant in peanut shells and is also found in herbs and other plants, such as thyme, green pepper, and celery. Luteolin is known to be effective against obesity and metabolic syndrome. The anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer activities of luteolin have been investigated. Most studies have focused on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of luteolin, which is a natural flavonoid. However, the association between the induction of apoptosis by luteolin in GBM and autophagy has not yet been investigated. This study thus aimed to confirm the occurrence of luteolin-induced apoptosis and autophagy in GBM cells and to assess their relationship. Materials and Methods: A172 and U-373MG glioblastoma cell lines were used for this experiment. We confirmed the apoptosis effect of Luteolin on GBM cells using methods such as 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, immunofluorescence, Flow cytometry (FACS) western blot, and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). Results: In the luteolin-treated A172 and U-373MG cells, cell viability decreased in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. In addition, in A172 and U-373MG cells treated with luteolin at concentrations greater than 100 μM, nuclear fragmentation, which is a typical morphological change characterizing apoptosis, as well as fragmentation of caspase-3 and Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), which are apoptosis-related factors, were observed. Autophagy was induced after treatment with at least 50 μM luteolin. Inhibition of autophagy using 3MA allowed for a low concentration of luteolin to more effectively induce apoptosis in A172 and U-373MG cells. Conclusions: Results showed that luteolin induces apoptosis and autophagy and that the luteolin-induced autophagy promotes cell survival. Therefore, an appropriate combination therapy involving luteolin and an autophagy inhibitor is expected to improve the prognosis of GBM treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Sung Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si 50612, Korea; (H.-S.L.); (S.-H.S.)
| | - Bong-Soo Park
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro, 49, Mulguem-eup, Yangsan-si 50612, Korea; (B.-S.P.); (H.-M.K.)
- Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si 50612, Korea
| | - Hae-Mi Kang
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro, 49, Mulguem-eup, Yangsan-si 50612, Korea; (B.-S.P.); (H.-M.K.)
| | - Jung-Han Kim
- Medical Center, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dong-A University, 26, Daesingongwon-ro, Seo-gu, Busan 49201, Korea;
| | - Sang-Hun Shin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si 50612, Korea; (H.-S.L.); (S.-H.S.)
| | - In-Ryoung Kim
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro, 49, Mulguem-eup, Yangsan-si 50612, Korea; (B.-S.P.); (H.-M.K.)
- Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si 50612, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Xie J, Wang Y, Choi W, Jangili P, Ge Y, Xu Y, Kang J, Liu L, Zhang B, Xie Z, He J, Xie N, Nie G, Zhang H, Kim JS. Overcoming barriers in photodynamic therapy harnessing nano-formulation strategies. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:9152-9201. [PMID: 34223847 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01370f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been extensively investigated for decades for tumor treatment because of its non-invasiveness, spatiotemporal selectivity, lower side-effects, and immune activation ability. It can be a promising treatment modality in several medical fields, including oncology, immunology, urology, dermatology, ophthalmology, cardiology, pneumology, and dentistry. Nevertheless, the clinical application of PDT is largely restricted by the drawbacks of traditional photosensitizers, limited tissue penetrability of light, inefficient induction of tumor cell death, tumor resistance to the therapy, and the severe pain induced by the therapy. Recently, various photosensitizer formulations and therapy strategies have been developed to overcome these barriers. Significantly, the introduction of nanomaterials in PDT, as carriers or photosensitizers, may overcome the drawbacks of traditional photosensitizers. Based on this, nanocomposites excited by various light sources are applied in the PDT of deep-seated tumors. Modulation of cell death pathways with co-delivered reagents promotes PDT induced tumor cell death. Relief of tumor resistance to PDT with combined therapy strategies further promotes tumor inhibition. Also, the optimization of photosensitizer formulations and therapy procedures reduces pain in PDT. Here, a systematic summary of recent advances in the fabrication of photosensitizers and the design of therapy strategies to overcome barriers in PDT is presented. Several aspects important for the clinical application of PDT in cancer treatment are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianlei Xie
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, and Otolaryngology Department and Biobank of the First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Tuerhong A, Xu J, Shi S, Tan Z, Meng Q, Hua J, Liu J, Zhang B, Wang W, Yu X, Liang C. Overcoming chemoresistance by targeting reprogrammed metabolism: the Achilles' heel of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:5505-5526. [PMID: 34131808 PMCID: PMC11072422 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03866-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death due to its late diagnosis that removes the opportunity for surgery and metabolic plasticity that leads to resistance to chemotherapy. Metabolic reprogramming related to glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism in PDAC not only enables the cancer to thrive and survive under hypovascular, nutrient-poor and hypoxic microenvironments, but also confers chemoresistance, which contributes to the poor prognosis of PDAC. In this review, we systematically elucidate the mechanism of chemotherapy resistance and the relationship of metabolic programming features with resistance to anticancer drugs in PDAC. Targeting the critical enzymes and/or transporters involved in glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism may be a promising approach to overcome chemoresistance in PDAC. Consequently, regulating metabolism could be used as a strategy against PDAC and could improve the prognosis of PDAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abudureyimu Tuerhong
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'An Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'An Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Si Shi
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'An Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Tan
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'An Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingcai Meng
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'An Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Hua
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'An Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'An Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'An Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'An Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'An Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chen Liang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'An Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wu Q, Ou H, Shang Y, Zhang X, Wu J, Fan F. Nanoscale Formulations: Incorporating Curcumin into Combination Strategies for the Treatment of Lung Cancer. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2021; 15:2695-2709. [PMID: 34188448 PMCID: PMC8232383 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s311107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer remains the most common cancer worldwide. Although significant advances in screening have been made and early diagnosis strategies and therapeutic regimens have been developed, the overall survival rate remains bleak. Curcumin is extracted from the rhizomes of turmeric and exhibits a wide range of biological activities. In lung cancer, evidence has shown that curcumin can markedly inhibit tumor growth, invasion and metastasis, overcome resistance to therapy, and even eliminate cancer stem cells (CSCs). Herein, the underlying molecular mechanisms of curcumin were summarized by distinct biological processes. To solve the limiting factors that curtail the clinical applications of curcumin, nanoformulations encapsulating curcumin were surveyed in detail. Nanoparticles, including liposomes, micelles, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), nanosuspensions, and nanoemulsions, were explored as proper carriers of curcumin. Moreover, it was firmly verified that curcumin has the ability to sensitize lung cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drugs, such as cisplatin and docetaxel, and to various targeted therapies. Regarding the advantages and drawbacks of curcumin, we concluded that combination therapy based on nanoparticles would be the optimal approach to broaden the application of curcumin in the clinic in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quhui Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiping Ou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Shang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyong Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuyuan Fan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Colossolactone-G synergizes the anticancer properties of 5-fluorouracil and gemcitabine against colorectal cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 140:111730. [PMID: 34062410 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Several terpenoids were isolated from Ganoderma colossum with potential chemotherapeutic properties against different solid tumor cells. Herein, we further assessed the potential chemomodulatory effects of colossolactone-G to gemcitabine (GCB) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) against colorectal cancer cells. Colossolactone-G induced moderate cell killing effects against both HT-29 and HCT-116 cells, with IC50's of 90.5 ± 1.7 µM and 22.3 ± 3.9 µM, respectively. Equitoxic combination demonstrated a synergistic effect between colossolactone-G and GCB, or 5-FU with combination indices ranging from 0.22 to 0.67. Both GCB and 5-FU induced moderate cell cycle arrest at G0/G1-phase and S-phase. Despite colossolactone-G's lack of influence on cell cycle distribution, it significantly potentiated GCB- and 5-FU-induced cell cycle arrest. Similarly, colossolactone-G treatment alone did not induce pronounced apoptosis in both cell lines. However, 5-FU and GCB induced significant apoptosis which was further potentiated via combination with colossolactone-G. Furthermore, colossolactone-G significantly increased autophagic cell death response in both HCT-116 and HT-29 cells and potentiated 5-FU- and GCB-induced autophagic cell death. The influence of colossolactone-G alone or in combination with GCB or 5-FU on the apoptosis and autophagy were confirmed by qPCR analysis for the expression of several key apoptosis and autophagy genes such as, TRAIL, TP53INP1, BNIP3, hp62, ATG5, ATG7, Lamp2A and the golden standard for autophagy (LC3-II). In conclusion, a synergistic effect in terms of anticancer properties was observed when colossolactone-G was combined with 5-FU and GCB, where it influenced both apoptosis and autophagic cell death mechanisms.
Collapse
|
26
|
Li RR, Zeng DY. The effects and mechanism of α-mangostin on chemosensitivity of gastric cancer cells. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2021; 37:709-717. [PMID: 34003591 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This work investigated the effect of α-mangostin (α-M) on gastric cancer (GC) cell chemoresistance and its underlying mechanisms. Different concentrations of α-M and CDDP were applied to treat GC cells (SGC7901) and CDDP-resistant GC cells (SGC7901/CDDP) for 24 or 48 h. CCK-8 assays were used to measure the inhibitory effect of CDDP or α-M on SGC7901 and SGC7901/CDDP cells as well as the half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of α-M for SGC7901 and SGC7901/CDDP cells. The optimal concentration and induction time of CDDP or α-M were determined. SGC7901/CDDP cells were treated with CDDP or/and α-M, where some of them were transfected with pcDNA3.1 or pcDNA3.1-EBI3. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were assessed as well as the levels of EBI3, STAT3, p-STAT3, autophagy-related proteins, and apoptosis-related proteins. CDDP inhibited SGC7901 cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. The IC50 of α-M for SGC7901 cells was 12.86 μM and that for SGC7901/CDDP cells was 13.69 μM. The optimal concentrations of CDDP and α-M for SGC7901/CDDP cells were 2 and 15 μM, respectively, and the optimal time was 48 h. The SGC7901/CDDP cells in the CDDP+/α-M+ group had elevated inhibition of proliferation and apoptosis rates. Western blot analysis revealed enhanced levels of LC3-II/I and Beclin1, reduced p62 level, decreased Bcl2 level, and increased levels of Bax and cleaved caspase-3/9. The EBI3/STAT3 pathway was implicated in the effect of α-M on SGC7901/CDDP cell development. α-M increases the chemosensitivity of GC cells by facilitating autophagy and inactivating the EBI3/STAT3 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Rong Li
- Department of Medical Oncology-Gastroenterology and Urology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - De-Yu Zeng
- Department of Medical Oncology-Gastroenterology and Urology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Chmurska A, Matczak K, Marczak A. Two Faces of Autophagy in the Struggle against Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2981. [PMID: 33804163 PMCID: PMC8000091 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy can play a double role in cancerogenesis: it can either inhibit further development of the disease or protect cells, causing stimulation of tumour growth. This phenomenon is called "autophagy paradox", and is characterised by the features that the autophagy process provides the necessary substrates for biosynthesis to meet the cell's energy needs, and that the over-programmed activity of this process can lead to cell death through apoptosis. The fight against cancer is a difficult process due to high levels of resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. More and more research is indicating that autophagy may play a very important role in the development of resistance by protecting cancer cells, which is why autophagy in cancer therapy can act as a "double-edged sword". This paper attempts to analyse the influence of autophagy and cancer stem cells on tumour development, and to compare new therapeutic strategies based on the modulation of these processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Chmurska
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Lodz, Banacha Street 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Karolina Matczak
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Institute of Biophysics, University of Lodz, Pomorska Street 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (K.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Agnieszka Marczak
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Institute of Biophysics, University of Lodz, Pomorska Street 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (K.M.); (A.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Tam C, Rao S, Waye MMY, Ng TB, Wang CC. Autophagy signals orchestrate chemoresistance of gynecological cancers. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1875:188525. [PMID: 33600824 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gynecological cancers are characterized by a high mortality rate when chemoresistance develops. Autophagy collaborates with apoptosis and participates in homeostasis of chemoresistance. Recent findings supported that crosstalk of necrotic, apoptotic and autophagic factors, and chemotherapy-driven hypoxia, oxidative stress and ER stress play critical roles in chemoresistance in gynecological cancers. Meanwhile, current studies have shown that autophagy could be regulated by and cooperate with metabolic regulator, survival factors, stemness factors and specific post-translation modification in chemoresistant tumor cells. Meanwhile, non-coding RNA and autophagy crosstalk also contribute to the chemoresistance. Until now, analysis of individual autophagy factors towards the clinical significance and chemoresistance in gynecological cancer is still lacking. We suggest comprehensive integrated analysis of cellular homeostasis and tumor microenvironment to clarify the role of autophagy and the associated factors in cancer progression and chemoresistance. Panel screening of pan-autophagic factors will pioneer the development of risk models for predicting efficacy of chemotherapy and guidelines for systematic treatment and precision medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chit Tam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Shitao Rao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Mary Miu Yee Waye
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tzi Bun Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Chiu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Reproduction and Development Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wang J, Zhang X, Yang F, Yang Y, Wang T, Liu W, Zhou H, Zhao W. RASSF1A Enhances Chemosensitivity of NSCLC Cells Through Activating Autophagy by Regulating MAP1S to Inactivate Keap1-Nrf2 Pathway. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2021; 15:21-35. [PMID: 33442234 PMCID: PMC7797300 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s269277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective Cisplatin (DDP) is an effective first-line therapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment; however, it can cause resistance and thus pose an obstacle to the efficacy of chemotherapy in NSCLC. This study aims to detect the effect of RASSF1A on DDP resistance of NSCLC and the underlying mechanism. Methods The expression levels of RASSF1A and microtubule-associated protein 1S (MAP1S) were investigated by qRT-PCR and Western blot and their interaction was testified by co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) analysis. The IC50 value of DDP on A549 and A549/DDP cells (DDP-resistant cells) was measured. A549/DDP cells were transfected with pCDNA3.1-RASSF1A, pCDNA3.1-MAP1S, or si-RASSF1A, followed by treated with DDP. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EDU) were employed to measure cell survival rate. Western blot was applied to test the levels of autophagy-associated proteins p62, LC3II, and LC3I. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the green fluorescent protein (GFP)-LC3 puncta to evaluate the level of autophagy. Finally, a xenograft model in nude mice using A549/DDP cells was developed. Results RASSF1A and MAP1S were lowly expressed and positively correlated in NSCLC tissues. We observed that RASSF1A and MAP1S overexpression significantly enhanced DDP-induced effects in A549 and A549/DDP cells, including decreased cell viability, as well as increased autophagy levels. Besides, investigations into the mechanism between RASSF1A and MAP1S disclosed that RASSF1A could regulate MAP1S to inactivate the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway, thus activating autophagy to enhance chemosensitivity. Moreover, consistent results were confirmed in vivo experiments. Conclusion RASSF1A increases chemosensitivity in NSCLC by facilitating autophagy via MAP1S-mediated Keap1-Nrf2 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jincai Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, People's Republic of China
| | - Xufeng Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Boao Evergrande International Hospital, Qionghai, Hainan 571400, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuguang Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianjiao Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenming Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongfeng Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150086, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Mostafazadeh M, Samadi N, Kahroba H, Baradaran B, Haiaty S, Nouri M. Potential roles and prognostic significance of exosomes in cancer drug resistance. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:1. [PMID: 33407894 PMCID: PMC7789218 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-020-00515-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is a major impediment in cancer therapy which strongly reduces the efficiency of anti-cancer drugs. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with cup or spherical shape with a size range of 40-150 nm released by eukaryotic cells that contain genetic materials, proteins, and lipids which mediate a specific cell-to-cell communication. The potential roles of exosomes in intrinsic and acquired drug resistance have been reported in several studies. Furthermore, a line of evidence suggested that the content of exosomes released from tumor cells in biological samples may be associated with the clinical outcomes of cancer patients. In this review, we highlighted the recent studies regarding the potential roles of exosomes in tumor initiation, progression, and chemoresistance. This study suggests the possible role of exosomes for drug delivery and their contents in prognosis and resistance to chemotherapy in cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Mostafazadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nasser Samadi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Houman Kahroba
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sanya Haiaty
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Xiao Y, Jin L, Deng C, Guan Y, Kalogera E, Ray U, Thirusangu P, Staub J, Sarkar Bhattacharya S, Xu H, Fang X, Shridhar V. Inhibition of PFKFB3 induces cell death and synergistically enhances chemosensitivity in endometrial cancer. Oncogene 2021; 40:1409-1424. [PMID: 33420377 PMCID: PMC7906909 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01621-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer (EC) has a poor prognosis because of chemoresistance. 6-Phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3), a glycolytic enzyme, is overexpressed in a variety of human cancers and plays important roles in promoting tumor cell growth. Here, we showed that high expression of PFKFB3 in EC cell lines is associated with chemoresistance. Pharmacological inhibition of PFKFB3 with PFK158 and or genetic downregulation of PFKFB3 dramatically suppressed cell proliferation and enhanced the sensitivity of EC cells to carboplatin (CBPt) and cisplatin (Cis). Moreover, PFKFB3 inhibition resulted in reduced glucose uptake, ATP production, and lactate release. Notably, we found that PFK158 with CBPt or Cis exerted strong synergistic antitumor activity in chemoresistant EC cell lines, HEC-1B and ARK-2 cells. We also found that the combination of PFK158 and CBPt/Cis induced apoptosis- and autophagy-mediated cell death through inhibition of the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Mechanistically, we found that PFK158 downregulated the CBPt/Cis-induced upregulation of RAD51 expression and enhanced CBPt/Cis-induced DNA damage as demonstrated by an increase in γ-H2AX levels in HEC-1B and ARK-2 cells, potentially revealing a means to enhance PFK158-induced chemosensitivity. More importantly, PFK158 treatment, either as monotherapy or in combination with CBPt, led to a marked reduction in tumor growth in two chemoresistant EC mouse xenograft models. These data suggest that PFKFB3 inhibition alone or in combination with standard chemotherapy may be used as a novel therapeutic strategy for improved therapeutic efficacy and outcomes of advanced and recurrent EC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Xiao
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDepartment of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA ,grid.452708.c0000 0004 1803 0208Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan P.R. China
| | - Ling Jin
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDepartment of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Chaolin Deng
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Ye Guan
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Eleftheria Kalogera
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDivision of Gynecologic Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Upasana Ray
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDepartment of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Prabhu Thirusangu
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDepartment of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Julie Staub
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDepartment of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | | | - Haotian Xu
- grid.254444.70000 0001 1456 7807Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI USA
| | - Xiaoling Fang
- grid.452708.c0000 0004 1803 0208Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan P.R. China
| | - Viji Shridhar
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDepartment of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Chang KF, Chang JT, Huang XF, Huang YC, Li CY, Weng JC, Hsiao CY, Hsu HJ, Tsai NM. Cedrus atlantica Extract Suppress Glioblastoma Growth through Promotion of Genotoxicity and Apoptosis: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:2417-2430. [PMID: 33967620 PMCID: PMC8100640 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.54468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor in humans, exhibiting highly infiltrative growth and drug resistance to conventional chemotherapy. Cedrus atlantica (CAt) extract has been shown to decrease postoperative pain and inhibit the growth of K562 leukemia cells. The aim of this study was to assess the anti-GBM activity and molecular mechanism of CAt extract in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that CAt extract greatly suppressed GBM cells both in vitro and in vivo and enhanced the survival rate in subcutaneous and orthotopic animal models. Moreover, CAt extract increased the level of ROS and induced DNA damage, resulting in cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase and cell apoptosis. Western blotting results indicated that CAt extract regulates p53/p21 and CDK4/cyclin D1 protein expression and activates extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis. Furthermore, CAt extract enhanced the cytotoxicity of Temozolomide and decreased AKT/mTOR signaling by combination treatment. In toxicity assays, CAt extract exhibited low cytotoxicity toward normal cells or organs in vitro and in vivo. CAt extract suppresses the growth of GBM by induction of genotoxicity and activation of apoptosis. The results of this study suggest that CAt extract can be developed as a therapeutic agent or adjuvant for GBM treatment in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Fu Chang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jinghua Tsai Chang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Xiao-Fan Huang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ya-Chih Huang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Yu Li
- Department of Life and Death, Nanhua University, Chiayi 62249, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jun-Cheng Weng
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Yen Hsiao
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi, 60002, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Hospital and Health Care Administration, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, 71710, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hui-Ju Hsu
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan, ROC.,Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Nu-Man Tsai
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan, ROC.,Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan, ROC
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Forciniti S, Dalla Pozza E, Greco MR, Amaral Carvalho TM, Rolando B, Ambrosini G, Carmona-Carmona CA, Pacchiana R, Di Molfetta D, Donadelli M, Arpicco S, Palmieri M, Reshkin SJ, Dando I, Cardone RA. Extracellular Matrix Composition Modulates the Responsiveness of Differentiated and Stem Pancreatic Cancer Cells to Lipophilic Derivate of Gemcitabine. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010029. [PMID: 33375106 PMCID: PMC7792955 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal disease. Gemcitabine (GEM) is used as the gold standard drug in PDAC treatment. However, due to its poor efficacy, it remains urgent to identify novel strategies to overcome resistance issues. In this context, an intense stroma reaction and the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been shown to influence PDAC aggressiveness, metastatic potential, and chemoresistance. METHODS We used three-dimensional (3D) organotypic cultures grown on an extracellular matrix composed of Matrigel or collagen I to test the effect of the new potential therapeutic prodrug 4-(N)-stearoyl-GEM, called C18GEM. We analyzed C18GEM cytotoxic activity, intracellular uptake, apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy induction in both Panc1 cell line (P) and their derived CSCs. RESULTS PDAC CSCs show higher sensitivity to C18GEM treatment when cultured in both two-dimensional (2D) and 3D conditions, especially on collagen I, in comparison to GEM. The intracellular uptake mechanisms of C18GEM are mainly due to membrane nucleoside transporters' expression and fatty acid translocase CD36 in Panc1 P cells and to clathrin-mediated endocytosis and CD36 in Panc1 CSCs. Furthermore, C18GEM induces an increase in cell death compared to GEM in both cell lines grown on 2D and 3D cultures. Finally, C18GEM stimulated protective autophagy in Panc1 P and CSCs cultured on 3D conditions. CONCLUSION We propose C18GEM together with autophagy inhibitors as a valid alternative therapeutic approach in PDAC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Forciniti
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (S.F.); (E.D.P.); (G.A.); (C.A.C.-C.); (R.P.); (M.D.); (M.P.)
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Department of Gastroenterology-Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Dalla Pozza
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (S.F.); (E.D.P.); (G.A.); (C.A.C.-C.); (R.P.); (M.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Maria Raffaella Greco
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.R.G.); (T.M.A.C.); (D.D.M.); (S.J.R.); (R.A.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Tiago Miguel Amaral Carvalho
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.R.G.); (T.M.A.C.); (D.D.M.); (S.J.R.); (R.A.C.)
| | - Barbara Rolando
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy; (B.R.); (S.A.)
| | - Giulia Ambrosini
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (S.F.); (E.D.P.); (G.A.); (C.A.C.-C.); (R.P.); (M.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Cristian Andres Carmona-Carmona
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (S.F.); (E.D.P.); (G.A.); (C.A.C.-C.); (R.P.); (M.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Raffaella Pacchiana
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (S.F.); (E.D.P.); (G.A.); (C.A.C.-C.); (R.P.); (M.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Daria Di Molfetta
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.R.G.); (T.M.A.C.); (D.D.M.); (S.J.R.); (R.A.C.)
| | - Massimo Donadelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (S.F.); (E.D.P.); (G.A.); (C.A.C.-C.); (R.P.); (M.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Silvia Arpicco
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy; (B.R.); (S.A.)
| | - Marta Palmieri
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (S.F.); (E.D.P.); (G.A.); (C.A.C.-C.); (R.P.); (M.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Stephan Joel Reshkin
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.R.G.); (T.M.A.C.); (D.D.M.); (S.J.R.); (R.A.C.)
| | - Ilaria Dando
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (S.F.); (E.D.P.); (G.A.); (C.A.C.-C.); (R.P.); (M.D.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Rosa Angela Cardone
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.R.G.); (T.M.A.C.); (D.D.M.); (S.J.R.); (R.A.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Liu Q, Wang C, Meng Q, Wu J, Sun H, Sun P, Ma X, Huo X, Liu K. Puerarin sensitized K562/ADR cells by inhibiting NF-κB pathway and inducing autophagy. Phytother Res 2020; 35:1658-1668. [PMID: 33141989 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Puerarin is an isoflavone isolated from Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi. In the present study, reversal effect and underlying mechanisms of puerarin on multidrug resistance (MDR) were investigated in K562/ADR cells. K562/ADR cells exhibited adriamycin (ADR) resistance and higher levels of MDR1 expression compared with K562 cells. Puerarin enhanced the chemosensitivity of K562/ADR cells and increased the ADR accumulation in K562/ADR cells. The expression levels of MDR1 were down-regulated by puerarin in K562/ADR cells. Luciferase reporter assay further demonstrated the inhibitory effect of puerarin on TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation. The phosphorylation of IκB-α was significantly suppressed by puerarin. In silico docking analyses suggested that puerarin well matched with the active sites of IκB-α. Moreover, a large number of autophagosomes were found in the cytoplasm of K562/ADR cells after puerarin treatment. The significant increase in LC3-II and beclin-1 was also observed, indicating autophagy induction by puerarin in K562/ADR cells. Puerarin induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in K562/ADR cells. Finally, puerarin inhibited phosphorylation of Akt and JNK. In conclusion, puerarin-sensitized K562/ADR cells by downregulating MDR1 expression via inhibition of NF-κB pathway and autophagy induction via Akt inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Changyuan Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Qiang Meng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Huijun Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Pengyuan Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaokui Huo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Kexin Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Hu Y, Su Y, Lei X, Zhao H, Wang L, Xu T, Guo J, Yang W, Zhang X. LINC00641/miR-582-5p mediate oxaliplatin resistance by activating autophagy in gastric adenocarcinoma. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14981. [PMID: 32917936 PMCID: PMC7486928 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70913-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The poor prognosis of gastric adenocarcinoma is partly due to chemotherapy failure, especially the oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy. However, the specific mechanism of oxaliplatin resistance is unclear. We aim to find the roles that LINC00641 and miR-582-5p play in regulating oxaliplatin resistance. Quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR was used to evaluate the expression of LINC00641 and microRNA-582-5p (miR-582-5p) in gastric cancer both in vivo and in vitro. Transwell and CCK-8 assays were performed; and LC3 I/II and p62 were detected by western blot to evaluate the activation of autophagy. LINC00641 expression was associated with prognosis and oxaliplatin resistance in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma. The expression of LINC00641 was higher in gastric cancer tissues; whereas miR-582-5p was down-regulated in gastric cancer tissues. Moreover, LINC00641 was highly expressed in oxaliplatin-resistant cell lines and miR-582-5p was down-regulated. In addition, LINC00641 negatively regulated the expression of miR-582-5p. With regard to biological functions, down-regulation of LINC00641 suppressed cell migration and proliferation. Further experiments indicated that down-regulation of LINC00641 inhibited the autophagy process, making gastric cancer cells more sensitive to oxaliplatin. LINC00641 and miR-582-5p are biomarkers for predicting overall survival, as they were involved in regulating oxaliplatin resistance by altering autophagy in gastric adenocarcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yani Su
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xia Lei
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lelin Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tian Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weiwei Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaozhi Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Kong R. Circular RNA hsa_circ_0085131 is involved in cisplatin-resistance of non-small-cell lung cancer cells by regulating autophagy. Cell Biol Int 2020; 44:1945-1956. [PMID: 32449799 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) continues to top the list of cancer mortalities worldwide. The role of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in tumorigenesis has been increasingly appreciated, although it is relatively unexplored in NSCLC. Herein, we reported the role of hsa_circ_0085131 in NSCLC. In the present study, NSCLC tumor specimens exhibited a higher hsa_circ_0085131 level in comparison to para-tumor samples. And the higher level of hsa_circ_0085131 was associated with recurrence and poorer survival of NSCLC. Moreover, hsa_circ_0085131 promoted cell proliferation and cisplatin (DDP)-resistance. Furthermore, hsa_circ_0085131 regulated cell DDP-resistance by modulating autophagy. Hsa_circ_0085131 acted as a competing endogenous RNA of miR-654-5p to release autophagy-associated factor ATG7 expression, thereby promoting cell chemoresistance. In conclusion, hsa_circ_0085131 enhances DDP-resistance of NSCLC cells through sequestering miR-654-5p to upregulate ATG7, leading to cell autophagy. Therefore, these findings advocate targeting the hsa_circ_0085131/miR-654-5p/ATG7 axis as a potential therapeutic option for patients with NSCLC who are resistant to DDP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Kong
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Therachiyil L, Haroon J, Sahir F, Siveen KS, Uddin S, Kulinski M, Buddenkotte J, Steinhoff M, Krishnankutty R. Dysregulated Phosphorylation of p53, Autophagy and Stemness Attributes the Mutant p53 Harboring Colon Cancer Cells Impaired Sensitivity to Oxaliplatin. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1744. [PMID: 32984059 PMCID: PMC7485421 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) forms one of the highest ranked cancer types in the world with its increasing incidence and mortality rates despite the advancement in cancer therapeutics. About 50% of human CRCs are reported to have defective p53 expression resultant of TP53 gene mutation often contributing to drug resistance. The current study was aimed to investigate the response of wild-type TP53 harboring HCT 116 and mutant TP53 harboring HT 29 colon cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drug oxaliplatin (OX) and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of sensitivity/resistance in correlation to their p53 status. OX inhibited growth of wild-type p53-harboring colon cancer cells via p53/p21-Bax mediated apoptosis. Our study revealed that dysregulated phosphorylation of p53, autophagy as well as cancer stemness attributes the mutant p53-harboring colon cancer cells impaired sensitivity to OX.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lubna Therachiyil
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Javeria Haroon
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Fairooz Sahir
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Kodappully S. Siveen
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Michal Kulinski
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Joerg Buddenkotte
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Martin Steinhoff
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation-Education City, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Roopesh Krishnankutty
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Wang H, Chen J, Zhang S, Zheng X, Xie S, Mao J, Cai Y, Lu X, Hu L, Shen J, Chai K, Chen W. MiR-223 regulates autophagy associated with cisplatin resistance by targeting FBXW7 in human non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:258. [PMID: 32577098 PMCID: PMC7304223 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01284-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cisplatin is widely used as a first-line treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but chemoresistance remains a major clinical obstacle for efficient use. As a microRNA, miR-223 was reported to promote the doxorubicin resistance of NSCLC. However, whether miR-223 is also involved in cisplatin resistance of NSCLC and the mechanism miR-223 involved in drug resistance is unclear. Accumulated evidence has shown that abnormal autophagy is associated with tumor chemoresistance. The study aimed to study the role of miR-223 on cisplatin sensitivity in NSCLC and uncover the potential mechanisms. Methods NSCLC cells transfected with mimic or inhibitor for miR-223 was assayed for chemoresistance in vitro. MiR-223 expression was assessed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Western blot were used to study the expression level of F-box/WD repeat-containing protein 7 (FBXW7) and autophagy-related protein. The effect of miR-223 on cisplatin sensitivity was examined by using CCK-8, EdU assays and Autophagic flux assay. Luciferase assays, EdU assays and small interfering RNA were performed to identify the targets of miR-223 and the mechanism by which it promotes treatment resistance. Xenograft models were established to investigate the effect of mir-223 on cisplatin sensitivity. Results In the present study, we found that the level of miR-223 was significantly positively correlated with cisplatin resistance. MiR-223 overexpression made NSCLC cells resistant to cisplatin treatment. We further found that autophagy mediated miR-223-mediated cisplatin resistance in NSCLC cells. Further mechanistic research demonstrated that miR-223 directly targeted FBXW7. The overexpression of miR-223 could inhibit the level of FBXW7 protein expression, thus promoting autophagy and making NSCLC cells resistant to cisplatin. Finally, we confirmed the increased effect of cisplatin sensitivity by miR-223 Antagomir in xenograft models of NSCLC. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that miR-223 could enhance autophagy by targeting FBXW7 in NSCLC cells. Inhibition of autophagy by miR-223 knockdown provides a novel treatment strategy to alleviate cisplatin resistance in NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053 Zhejiang China
| | - Jiabin Chen
- Cancer Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, No.234, Gucui Road, Hangzhou, 310012 Zhejiang China
| | - Shufen Zhang
- Cancer Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, No.234, Gucui Road, Hangzhou, 310012 Zhejiang China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zheng
- Cancer Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, No.234, Gucui Road, Hangzhou, 310012 Zhejiang China
| | - Shangzhi Xie
- Cancer Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, No.234, Gucui Road, Hangzhou, 310012 Zhejiang China
| | - Jiayan Mao
- Cancer Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, No.234, Gucui Road, Hangzhou, 310012 Zhejiang China
| | - Ying Cai
- Cancer Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, No.234, Gucui Road, Hangzhou, 310012 Zhejiang China
| | - Xuemei Lu
- Cancer Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, No.234, Gucui Road, Hangzhou, 310012 Zhejiang China
| | - Liqiang Hu
- Cancer Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, No.234, Gucui Road, Hangzhou, 310012 Zhejiang China
| | - Jian Shen
- Cancer Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, No.234, Gucui Road, Hangzhou, 310012 Zhejiang China
| | - Kequn Chai
- Cancer Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, No.234, Gucui Road, Hangzhou, 310012 Zhejiang China
| | - Wei Chen
- Cancer Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, No.234, Gucui Road, Hangzhou, 310012 Zhejiang China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zhang H, Yu Y, Cai W, Lu H, He R, Zhang R, Pei F, Wang X, Fang Y, Wei F. [Chloroquine enhances cisplatin-induced apoptosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by inhibiting autophagy via upregulating miR129]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2020; 40:361-369. [PMID: 32376584 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2020.03.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of miR129 in mediating the effect of chloroquine to enhance cisplatin- induced apoptosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells (HNE1). METHODS MTT assay was used to detect the viability of HNE1 cells treated with different concentrations of cisplatin. Colony formation of HNE1 cells treated with cisplatin and chloroquine, alone or in combination, was observed using crystal violet staining. BALB/C unde mice were inoculated with HNE1 cells and randomly divided into 4 groups with 6 mice in each group. The mice received intraperitoneal injections of cisplatin and chloroquine, alone or in combination once every 3 days for 4 consecutive weeks, and the tumor growth was observed in each group. The expression of miR129 in HNE1 cells treated with chloroquine, cisplatin, or both was detected with qPCR. The effects of miR129 suppression with a miR129 inhibitor on the expressions of autophagy related proteins p62, LC3B, Beclin1 and the drug-resistant related protein P-glycoprotein (P-gp) were examined using Western blotting in HNE1 cells treated with chloroquine, cisplatin, or both; the changes in cell apoptosis were detected Annexin V/PI double staining. RESULTS Chloroquine combined with cisplatin significantly inhibited HNE1 cell proliferation in vitro and the growth of HNE1 cell-derived tumor in nude mice as compared with cisplatin alone (P < 0.01). In cultured HNE1 cells, inhibition of the expression of miR129 significantly promoted autophagy and up-regulated P-gp expression (P < 0.01); Chloroquine obviously inhibited cisplatin-induced autophagy and up-regulated the expression of miR129 in HNE1 cells (P < 0.01). Transfection of the cells with the miR129 inhibitor abolished the inhibitory effect of chloroquine on cisplatin-induced autophagy, and significantly increased the cell survival rate (P < 0.05) and lower the cell apoptotic rate (P < 0.01) after combined treatment with chloroquine and cisplatin. CONCLUSIONS Chloroquine enhances the pro-apoptotic effect of cisplatin by up-regulating miR129 to inhibit autophagy and drug resistance in HNE1 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haoxuan Zhang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Yun Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Weiwei Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Huaqiu Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Rui He
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Renhao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Feilong Pei
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Xiaodie Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Yini Fang
- College of Clinical Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Fang Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Gu L, Li Q, Liu H, Lu X, Zhu M. Long Noncoding RNA TUG1 Promotes Autophagy-Associated Paclitaxel Resistance by Sponging miR-29b-3p in Ovarian Cancer Cells. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:2007-2019. [PMID: 32189969 PMCID: PMC7065918 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s240434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Paclitaxel (PTX) is a first-line chemotherapeutic agent for treating ovarian cancer. However, PTX resistance has become a major obstacle in ovarian cancer therapy. The underlying mechanism associated with PTX resistance is still unclear. Patients and Methods We used qPCR to detect taurine up-regulated 1 (TUG1) expression in normal ovarian tissues and ovarian tumor tissues. A combination of small interfering RNA (siRNA), cell counting kit 8 (CCK8), colony formation assay and nude mouse model were used to detect the effect of TUG1 on ovarian cancer cell PTX-resistance. Autophagy/cytotoxicity dual staining assay, luciferase reporter assay, Western blot and RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation assay were used for further mechanistic studies. Results TUG1 is highly expressed not only in ovarian tumor tissues compared with normal ovarian tissues but also in the chemo-resistant group compared with the sensitive group. Knockdown of TUG1 by siRNA decreased ovarian cancer cell and xenograft tumor PTX resistance with or without PTX treatment. Moreover, deletion of TUG1 in ovarian cancer cells decreased autophagosome formation and increased apoptosis as demonstrated by autophagy/cytotoxicity dual staining and Western blot assays. Furthermore, microRNA-29b-3p (miR-29b-3p) was found as the direct target of TUG1. Additionally, TUG1 could directly bind Ago2, a key protein of the RNA-induced silencing complex. Conclusion Our findings suggest that TUG1, through targeting miR-29b-3p, induces autophagy and consequently results in PTX resistance in ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lize Gu
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Xuzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai 201299, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Infection, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xun Lu
- Milken School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Mingchen Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Garufi A, Federici G, Gilardini Montani MS, Crispini A, Cirone M, D’Orazi G. Interplay between Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Stress and Autophagy Induces Mutant p53H273 Degradation. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030392. [PMID: 32138264 PMCID: PMC7175121 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is an adaptive response to intrinsic and external stressors, and it is mainly activated by the accumulation of misfolded proteins at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen producing ER stress. The UPR signaling network is interconnected with autophagy, the proteolytic machinery specifically devoted to clearing misfolded proteins in order to survive bioenergetic stress and/or induce cell death. Oncosuppressor TP53 may undergo inactivation following missense mutations within the DNA-binding domain (DBD), and mutant p53 (mutp53) proteins may acquire a misfolded conformation, often due to the loss of the DBD-bound zinc ion, leading to accumulation of hyperstable mutp53 proteins that correlates with more aggressive tumors, resistance to therapies, and poorer outcomes. We previously showed that zinc supplementation induces mutp53 protein degradation by autophagy. Here, we show that mutp53 (i.e., Arg273) degradation following zinc supplementation is correlated with activation of ER stress and of the IRE1α/XBPI arm of the UPR. ER stress inhibition with chemical chaperone 4-phenyl butyrate (PBA) impaired mutp53 downregulation, which is similar to IRE1α/XBPI specific inhibition, reducing cancer cell death. Knockdown of mutp53 failed to induce UPR/autophagy activation indicating that the effect of zinc on mutp53 folding was likely the key event occurring in ER stress activation. Recently discovered small molecules targeting components of the UPR show promise as a novel anticancer therapeutic intervention. However, our findings showing UPR activation during mutp53 degradation indicate that caution is necessary in the design of therapies that inhibit UPR components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Garufi
- Department of Research and Advanced Technologies, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (A.G.); (G.F.)
- University “G. D’Annunzio”, School of Medicine, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Giulia Federici
- Department of Research and Advanced Technologies, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (A.G.); (G.F.)
| | - Maria Saveria Gilardini Montani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, 00161 Rome, Italy (M.C.)
| | - Alessandra Crispini
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, laboratory MAT_IN LAB, Calabria University, 87036 Rende, Italy;
| | - Mara Cirone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, 00161 Rome, Italy (M.C.)
| | - Gabriella D’Orazi
- Department of Research and Advanced Technologies, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (A.G.); (G.F.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Tsai CY, Lin TA, Huang SC, Hsu JT, Yeh CN, Chen TC, Chiu CT, Chen JS, Yeh TS. Is Adjuvant Chemotherapy Necessary for Patients with Deficient Mismatch Repair Gastric Cancer?-Autophagy Inhibition Matches the Mismatched. Oncologist 2020; 25:e1021-e1030. [PMID: 32058649 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2019-0419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The use of microsatellite instability (MSI) and mismatch repair (MMR) as predictive biomarkers for fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy in colorectal cancer has been a paradigm shift. However, whether this applies to gastric cancer is questionable. Furthermore, we herein investigated whether and how autophagy plays a role in MSI-relevant chemoresistance. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 929 patients with deficient MMR (dMMR) and proficient MMR (pMMR) gastric cancers who underwent curative-intent gastrectomy were enrolled. We compared clinicopathological variables and survival among dMMR and pMMR cohorts and tested the responses of MSI-high and microsatellite stable (MSS) gastric cancer cell lines to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) with or without chloroquine, an autophagy inhibitor. RESULTS We identified an 8.9% prevalence of dMMR cases (83 out of 929) in our cohort. This was associated with old age, tumor site at the distal stomach, an intestinal phenotype, fewer nodal metastasis, and early pathological stages. MMR was an independent prognostic factor after multivariate adjustment. Overall survival (OS) of dMMR patients was better than that of the pMMR patients but was only applicable to stage III patients. There was no difference in OS between dMMR patients treated with or without adjuvant chemotherapy, although the latter showed more medical morbidities. The MSI-high gastric cancer cell lines, versus the MSS counterparts, displayed increased resistance to 5-FU and increased autophagy. Interestingly, autophagy inhibition abrogated the chemoresistance. CONCLUSION Our data show that fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy does not work for dMMR cases, if not worse. Autophagy inhibition and/or immune checkpoint inhibition might be promising alternative strategies for gastric cancer treatment. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The use of microsatellite instability (MSI) and mismatch repair (MMR) as predictive biomarkers for adjuvant chemotherapy in colorectal cancer has caused a paradigm shift in cancer therapy, although its implications in gastric cancer are still questionable. The data obtained in the current study indicate that MSI-MMR is an independent prognostic factor for gastric cancer. Standard fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy did not work for deficient MMR cases, and was likely worse. Instead, strategies like autophagy inhibition and/or immune checkpoint inhibition should be taken into consideration in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yi Tsai
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tien-An Lin
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chiang Huang
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Te Hsu
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Nan Yeh
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Ching Chen
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Tang Chiu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Shi Chen
- Medical Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Sen Yeh
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Wang D, Zhang P, Xu X, Wang J, Wang D, Peng P, Zheng C, Meng QJ, Yang L, Luo Z. Knockdown of cytokeratin 8 overcomes chemoresistance of chordoma cells by aggravating endoplasmic reticulum stress through PERK/eIF2α arm of unfolded protein response and blocking autophagy. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:887. [PMID: 31767864 PMCID: PMC6877560 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2125-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chordoma is a malignant primary osseous spinal tumor with pronounced chemoresistance. However, the mechanisms of how chordoma cells develop chemoresistance are still not fully understood. Cytokeratin 8 (KRT8) is a molecular marker of notochordal cells, from which chordoma cells were believed to be originated. In this study, we showed that either doxorubicin or irinotecan promoted KRT8 expression in both CM319 and UCH1 cell lines, accompanied by an increased unfolded protein response and autophagy activity. Then, siRNA-mediated knockdown of KRT8 chemosensitized chordoma cells in vitro. Mechanistic studies showed that knockdown of KRT8 followed by chemotherapy aggravated endoplasmic reticulum stress through PERK/eIF2α arm of unfolded protein response and blocked late-stage autophagy. Moreover, suppression of the PERK/eIF2α arm of unfolded protein response using PERK inhibitor GSK2606414 partially rescued the apoptotic chordoma cells but did not reverse the blockage of the autophagy flux. Finally, tumor xenograft model further confirmed the chemosensitizing effects of siKRT8. This study represents the first systematic investigation into the role of KRT8 in chemoresistance of chordoma and our results highlight a possible strategy of targeting KRT8 to overcome chordoma chemoresistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Wang
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Peiran Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xiaolong Xu
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jianhui Wang
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Pandi Peng
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
- Medical Research Institute, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Chao Zheng
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Qing-Jun Meng
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Matrix Research, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Liu Yang
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
- Medical Research Institute, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Zhuojing Luo
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
- Medical Research Institute, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Colhado Rodrigues BL, Lallo MA, Perez EC. The Controversial Role of Autophagy in Tumor Development: A Systematic Review. Immunol Invest 2019; 49:386-396. [PMID: 31726897 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2019.1682600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a natural regulatory mechanism of the cell that eliminates unnecessary and dysfunctional cellular components to maintain homeostasis. Several authors have demonstrated that this mechanism can be induced by pathological conditions as cancer. However, their role in tumor development is still a controversial issue in cancer research. Here, we discussed the most relevant findings concerning autophagy in tumor development. In this critical review performed with studies published between 2002 and 2018, we found that the main pathway involved in the autophagy process is the PI3K/AKT/mTOR intracellular signaling pathway. Regarding their role in cancer development, breast cancer is the main study target, followed by lung, prostate and colon cancer. In these issues, 46% of the works consulted suggesting that autophagy inhibits tumor progression by favor a better antitumor response, 4% suggest that favors growth and tumor progression and, 50% of the authors failed to establish whether autophagy inhibits or favors tumor development. Herein, we concluded that depending on the study model, autophagy may favor or inhibits growth and cancer progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bridilla Luiza Colhado Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Ambiental e Experimental, Universidade Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratório de Imunogenética, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Anete Lallo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Ambiental e Experimental, Universidade Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Cristina Perez
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Ambiental e Experimental, Universidade Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Redox-Mediated Mechanism of Chemoresistance in Cancer Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8100471. [PMID: 31658599 PMCID: PMC6826977 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8100471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) status is stabilized by a balance of ROS generation and elimination called redox homeostasis. ROS is increased by activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase family members and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis of mitochondria. Increased ROS is detoxified by superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxiredoxins. ROS has a role as a secondary messenger in signal transduction. Cancer cells induce fluctuations of redox homeostasis by variation of ROS regulated machinery, leading to increased tumorigenesis and chemoresistance. Redox-mediated mechanisms of chemoresistance include endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated autophagy, increased cell cycle progression, and increased conversion to metastasis or cancer stem-like cells. This review discusses changes of the redox state in tumorigenesis and redox-mediated mechanisms involved in tolerance to chemotherapeutic drugs in cancer.
Collapse
|
46
|
Rahimi S, Roushandeh AM, Ebrahimi A, Samadani AA, Kuwahara Y, Roudkenar MH. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of Lcn2 effectively enhanced CDDP-induced apoptosis and reduced cell migration capacity of PC3 cells. Life Sci 2019; 231:116586. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
47
|
Lin J, Xia L, Liang J, Han Y, Wang H, Oyang L, Tan S, Tian Y, Rao S, Chen X, Tang Y, Su M, Luo X, Wang Y, Wang H, Zhou Y, Liao Q. The roles of glucose metabolic reprogramming in chemo- and radio-resistance. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:218. [PMID: 31122265 PMCID: PMC6533757 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1214-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Reprogramming of cancer metabolism is a newly recognized hallmark of malignancy. The aberrant glucose metabolism is associated with dramatically increased bioenergetics, biosynthetic, and redox demands, which is vital to maintain rapid cell proliferation, tumor progression, and resistance to chemotherapy and radiation. When the glucose metabolism of cancer is rewiring, the characters of cancer will also occur corresponding changes to regulate the chemo- and radio-resistance of cancer. The procedure is involved in the alteration of many activities, such as the aberrant DNA repairing, enhanced autophagy, oxygen-deficient environment, and increasing exosomes secretions, etc. Targeting altered metabolic pathways related with the glucose metabolism has become a promising anti-cancer strategy. This review summarizes recent progress in our understanding of glucose metabolism in chemo- and radio-resistance malignancy, and highlights potential molecular targets and their inhibitors for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinguan Lin
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Longzheng Xia
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Jiaxin Liang
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yaqian Han
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Heran Wang
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Linda Oyang
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Shiming Tan
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yutong Tian
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Shan Rao
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yanyan Tang
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Min Su
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Xia Luo
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Wang
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Wang
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yujuan Zhou
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
| | - Qianjin Liao
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Wang X, Li W, Zhang N, Zheng X, Jing Z. Opportunities and challenges of co-targeting epidermal growth factor receptor and autophagy signaling in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:499-506. [PMID: 31289521 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) are a standard therapy for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with sensitive mutations. However, acquired resistance emerges following a median of 6-12 months. Several studies demonstrated that EGFR-TKI-induced tumor microenvironment stresses and autophagy are important causes of resistance. The current review summarizes the molecular mechanisms involved in EGFR-mediated regulation of autophagy. The role of autophagy in EGFR-TKI treatment, which may serve a role in protection or cell death, was discussed. Furthermore, co-inhibiting EGFR and autophagy signaling as a rational therapeutic strategy in the treatment of patients with NSCLC was explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoju Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310002, P.R. China
| | - Wenxin Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310002, P.R. China
| | - Ni Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310002, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Zheng
- Cancer Research Institute, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310002, P.R. China
| | - Zhao Jing
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310002, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Mutant p53 and Cellular Stress Pathways: A Criminal Alliance That Promotes Cancer Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050614. [PMID: 31052524 PMCID: PMC6563084 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The capability of cancer cells to manage stress induced by hypoxia, nutrient shortage, acidosis, redox imbalance, loss of calcium homeostasis and exposure to drugs is a key factor to ensure cancer survival and chemoresistance. Among the protective mechanisms utilized by cancer cells to cope with stress a pivotal role is played by the activation of heat shock proteins (HSP) response, anti-oxidant response induced by nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), the unfolded protein response (UPR) and autophagy, cellular processes strictly interconnected. However, depending on the type, intensity or duration of cellular stress, the balance between pro-survival and pro-death pathways may change, and cell survival may be shifted into cell death. Mutations of p53 (mutp53), occurring in more than 50% of human cancers, may confer oncogenic gain-of-function (GOF) to the protein, mainly due to its stabilization and interaction with the above reported cellular pathways that help cancer cells to adapt to stress. This review will focus on the interplay of mutp53 with HSPs, NRF2, UPR, and autophagy and discuss how the manipulation of these interconnected processes may tip the balance towards cell death or survival, particularly in response to therapies.
Collapse
|
50
|
Quercetin and Sodium Butyrate Synergistically Increase Apoptosis in Rat C6 and Human T98G Glioblastoma Cells Through Inhibition of Autophagy. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:1715-1725. [PMID: 31011879 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02802-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the efficacy of quercetin (QCT) in combination with sodium butyrate (NaB) in enhancing apoptosis in rat C6 and human T98G glioblastoma cells though blockage of autophagy under nutrient-starvation. The most synergistic doses of the drugs were determined to be 25 µM QCT and 1 mM NaB in both cell lines. After QCT and QCT + NaB treatments, autophagy quantification with acridine orange staining showed a drastic decrease in protective autophagy in the cells under nutrient-starvation. Decrease in autophagy was correlated with decreases in expression of Beclin-1 and LC3B II. Combination treatment increased the morphological signs of apoptosis including membrane blebbing, nuclear fragmentation, and chromatin condensation. Annexin V staining was also performed for detection and quantification of increases in apoptosis. Western blotting results showed that combination of QCT and NaB increased apoptosis by decreasing anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and increasing pro-apoptotic Bax, decreasing survivin, activating caspase-3, and degrading poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). This study demonstrated the therapeutic potentials of a novel combination therapy in inhibiting protective autophagy to enhance apoptosis in rat C6 and human T98G glioblastoma cells.
Collapse
|