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Kaneko N, Nishino Y, Ito Y, Nakaya T, Kanemura S. Association of Socioeconomic Status Assessed by Areal Deprivation With Cancer Incidence and Detection by Screening in Miyagi, Japan Between 2005 and 2010. J Epidemiol 2023; 33:521-530. [PMID: 35851564 PMCID: PMC10483098 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20220066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that socioeconomic factors are associated with cancer incidence and stage at diagnosis; however, relevant findings in Japan are limited. We examined the association between socioeconomic status and cancer incidence, stage at diagnosis, and detection status by screening, as assessed using the areal deprivation index (ADI), in population-based cancer registry data. METHODS A total of 79,816 cases, including stomach, colorectal, lung, female breast, and cervical cancer diagnosed in Miyagi Prefecture between 2005 and 2010, were analyzed. After calculating the ADI at the place of residence in each case, we examined the association between quintiles of ADI and age-adjusted incidence rates of all stages and advanced stages by sex and site using Poisson regression analysis. The association between the ADI and the proportion of screen-detected cancers was also examined using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The age-adjusted incidence rates of all sites and lung cancer in men and lung cancer and cervical cancer in women tended to increase significantly in areas with a higher ADI. The age-adjusted incidence rates of advanced-stage cancers were significantly higher for all sites and lung cancer in both sexes, and for stomach and colorectal cancer in men. The proportion of screen-detected cancer tended to be significantly lower in areas with a higher ADI for stomach and colorectal cancer in men. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that socioeconomic disparities may affect cancer incidence and early diagnosis in Japan. These results suggest the importance of cancer control measures targeting people with low socioeconomic status in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Kaneko
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
- Faculty of Nursing, Ishikawa Prefectural Nursing University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Nishino
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yuri Ito
- Department of Medical Statistics, Research and Development Center, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoki Nakaya
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Seiki Kanemura
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Miyagi, Japan
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Payne NWS, Brown KF, Delon C, Kotrotsios Y, Soerjomataram I, Shelton J. Socio-economic deprivation and cancer incidence in England: Quantifying the role of smoking. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272202. [PMID: 36129905 PMCID: PMC9491592 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND More deprived populations typically experience higher cancer incidence rates and smoking prevalence compared to less deprived populations. We calculated the proportion of cancer cases attributable to smoking by socio-economic deprivation in England and estimated the impact smoking has on the deprivation gap for cancer incidence. METHODS Data for cancer incidence (2013-2017), smoking prevalence (2003-2007) and population estimates (2013-2017) were split by sex, age-group and deprivation quintile. Relative risk estimates from meta-analyses were used to estimate the population attributable fraction (PAF) for 15 cancer types associated with smoking. The deprivation gap was calculated using age-specific incidence rates by deprivation quintile. RESULTS Smoking-related cancer PAFs in England are 2.2 times larger in the most deprived quintile compared to the least deprived quintile (from 9.7% to 21.1%). If everyone had the same smoking prevalence as the least deprived quintile, 20% of the deprivation gap in cancer incidence could have been prevented. If nobody smoked, 61% of the deprivation gap could have been prevented. CONCLUSIONS The majority of the deprivation gap in cancer incidence could have been prevented in England between 2013-2017 if nobody had smoked. Policy makers should ensure that tobacco control policies reduce overall smoking prevalence by tackling smoking inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick W. S. Payne
- Policy, Information and Communication Directorate, Cancer Research UK, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katrina F. Brown
- Policy, Information and Communication Directorate, Cancer Research UK, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christine Delon
- Policy, Information and Communication Directorate, Cancer Research UK, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yannis Kotrotsios
- Policy, Information and Communication Directorate, Cancer Research UK, London, United Kingdom
| | - Isabelle Soerjomataram
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Jon Shelton
- Policy, Information and Communication Directorate, Cancer Research UK, London, United Kingdom
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Torrence C, Truong K, Sivaraj LBM. Healthcare Utilization and Smoking among South Carolina’s Long-Term Uninsured. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10061079. [PMID: 35742129 PMCID: PMC9222968 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10061079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking and tobacco-related health conditions have continued to rise among persons of low social economic status. This study explored the association between healthcare utilization and smoking among the long-term uninsured (LTU). The sample consisted of South Carolina residents who had been without healthcare insurance for at least 24 months. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate differences in the likelihood of delaying healthcare due to cost and/or not filling a needed prescription between smokers and non-smokers. Among LTU, smoking was a significant predictor of delaying healthcare at the 10% level (AOR = 1.36, 95% CI = 0.99–1.86); the sensitivity analysis strengthened this association at the 5% level (AOR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.06–1.93). Smoking was a significant predictor of not filling needed prescriptions (AOR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.06–1.96). While neglected healthcare utilization was common among the LTU, this problem was more severe among smokers. The wider gap in access to healthcare services among the LTU, especially LTU who smoke, warrants further attention from the research community and policy makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Torrence
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; (C.T.); (L.B.M.S.)
- Office of Research and Organizational Development, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Khoa Truong
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; (C.T.); (L.B.M.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(864)-656-4704
| | - Laksika B. M. Sivaraj
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; (C.T.); (L.B.M.S.)
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Zheng R, Zhang S, Zeng H, Wang S, Sun K, Chen R, Li L, Wei W, He J. Cancer incidence and mortality in China, 2016. JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER CENTER 2022; 2:1-9. [PMID: 39035212 PMCID: PMC11256658 DOI: 10.1016/j.jncc.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 696] [Impact Index Per Article: 348.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background National Cancer Center (NCC) of China annually reports the nationwide statistics for cancer incidence and mortality using population-based cancer registry data from all available cancer registries in China. Methods There were a total of 487 registries which reported high quality data of cancer incidence and mortality across China in 2016. The nationwide numbers of new cancer cases and deaths were estimated using the pooled cancer registry data, which were stratified by area (urban/rural), sex, age group (0, 1-4, 5-9, 10-14…85+) and cancer site for incidence and mortality, and then multiplied by corresponding national population. The world Segi's population was applied for the calculation of age-standardized rates. Results About 4,064,000 new cancer cases and 2,413,500 new cancer deaths occurred in China in 2016. Cancers of the lung, colon-rectum, stomach, liver and female breast were the top five common cancers, accounting for 57.4% of total cancer new cases. Cancers of the lung, liver, stomach, colon-rectum and esophagus were the five leading causes of cancer deaths, accounting for 69.3% of total cancer deaths. The crude and age-standardized incidence rates (ASIR) were 293.91 and 186.46 per 100,000 population, respectively. The crude mortality rate was 174.55/100,000 and the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) was 105.19/100,000. The ASIR was higher but the ASMR was lower in urban areas than that in rural areas. In past decades, the ASIR was relatively stable in males, but significantly increased by about 2.3% per year in females for overall cancers combined. In contrast, the ASMR significantly decreased by about 1.2% per year for both sexes during 2000-2016. Notably, the cancer-specific ASIR and ASMR of esophageal, stomach, and liver cancers decreased significantly, whereas both rates for cancers of the colon-rectum, prostate, female breast, cervix, and thyroid increased significantly. Conclusions Cancer remains a major public health problem in China, which demands long-term collaborative efforts of a broad community. With the national guideline on cancer prevention and control, tailored cancer prevention and control programs are needed in different regions to help reduce the burden of these highly fatal diseases in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongshou Zheng
- Office for Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Siwei Zhang
- Office for Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Hongmei Zeng
- Office for Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Shaoming Wang
- Office for Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Kexin Sun
- Office for Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Ru Chen
- Office for Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Li Li
- Office for Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Wenqiang Wei
- Office for Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Jie He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
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Soerjomataram I, Bray F. Planning for tomorrow: global cancer incidence and the role of prevention 2020-2070. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2021; 18:663-672. [PMID: 34079102 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-021-00514-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 94.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is currently the first or second most common contributor to premature mortality in most countries of the world. The global number of patients with cancer is expected to rise over the next 50 years owing to the strong influence of demographic changes, such as population ageing and growth, on the diverging trends in cancer incidence in different regions. Assuming that the latest incidence trends continue for the major cancer types, we predict a doubling of the incidence of all cancers combined by 2070 relative to 2020. The greatest increases are predicted in lower-resource settings, in countries currently assigned a low Human Development Index (HDI), whereas the predicted increases in national burden diminish with increasing levels of national HDI. Herein, we assess studies modelling the future burden of cancer that underscore how comprehensive cancer prevention strategies can markedly reduce the prevalence of major risk factors and, in so doing, the number of future cancer cases. Focusing on an in-depth assessment of prevention strategies that target tobacco smoking, overweight and obesity, and human papillomavirus infection, we discuss how stepwise, population-level approaches with amenable goals can avert millions of future cancer diagnoses worldwide. In the absence of a step-change in cancer prevention delivery, tobacco smoking will remain the leading preventable cause of cancer, and overweight and obesity might well present a comparable opportunity for prevention, given its increasing prevalence globally in the past few decades. Countries must therefore instigate national cancer control programmes aimed at preventing cancer, and with some urgency, if such programmes are to yield the desired public health and economic benefits in this century.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Freddie Bray
- Cancer Surveillance Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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Cancer incidence and mortality trends in France over 1990-2018 for solid tumors: the sex gap is narrowing. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:726. [PMID: 34167516 PMCID: PMC8223369 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08261-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To analyze trends in cancer incidence and mortality (France, 1990–2018), with a focus on men-women disparities. Methods Incidence data stemmed from cancer registries (FRANCIM) and mortality data from national statistics (CépiDc). Incidence and mortality rates were modelled using bidimensional penalized splines of age and year (at diagnosis and at death, respectively). Trends in age-standardized rates were summarized by the average annual percent changes (AAPC) for all-cancers combined, 19 solid tumors, and 8 subsites. Sex gaps were indicated using male-to-female rate ratios (relative difference) and male-to-female rate differences (absolute difference) in 1990 and 2018, for incidence and mortality, respectively. Results For all-cancers, the sex gap narrowed over 1990–2018 in incidence (1.6 to 1.2) and mortality (2.3 to 1.7). The largest decreases of the male-to-female incidence rate ratio were for cancers of the lung (9.5 to 2.2), lip - oral cavity - pharynx (10.9 to 3.1), esophagus (12.6 to 4.5) and larynx (17.1 to 7.1). Mixed trends emerged in lung and oesophageal cancers, probably explained by differing risk factors for the two main histological subtypes. Sex incidence gaps narrowed due to increasing trends in men and women for skin melanoma (0.7 to 1, due to initially higher rates in women), cancers of the liver (7.4 to 4.4) and pancreas (2.0 to 1.4). Sex incidence gaps narrowed for colon-rectum (1.7 to 1.4), urinary bladder (6.9 to 6.1) and stomach (2.7 to 2.4) driven by decreasing trends among men. Other cancers showed similar increasing incidence trends in both sexes leading to stable sex gaps: thyroid gland (0.3 to 0.3), kidney (2.2 to 2.4) and central nervous system (1.4 to 1.5). Conclusion In France in 2018, while men still had higher risks of developing or dying from most cancers, the sex gap was narrowing. Efforts should focus on avoiding risk factors (e.g., smoking) and developing etiological studies to understand currently unexplained increasing trends. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08261-1.
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Forjaz G, Bastos J, Castro C, Mayer A, Noone AM, Chen HS, Mariotto AB. Regional differences in tobacco smoking and lung cancer in Portugal in 2018: a population-based analysis using nationwide incidence and mortality data. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e038937. [PMID: 33099497 PMCID: PMC7590355 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to estimate the proportion of lung cancer cases and deaths attributable to tobacco smoking in Portugal in 2018, complemented by trends in incidence and mortality, by sex and region. DESIGN Cancer cases for 1998-2011 and cancer deaths for 1991-2018 were obtained from population-based registries and Statistics Portugal, respectively. We projected cases for 2018 and used reported deaths for the same year to estimate, using Peto's method, the number and proportion of lung cancer cases and deaths caused by tobacco smoking in 2018. We calculated the age-adjusted incidence and mortality rates in each year of diagnosis and death. We fitted a joinpoint regression to the observed data to estimate the annual percentage change (APC) in the rates. SETTING Portugal. RESULTS In 2018, an estimated 3859 cases and 3192 deaths from lung cancer were attributable to tobacco smoking in Portugal, with men presenting a population attributable fraction (PAF) of 82.6% (n=3064) for incidence and 84.1% (n=2749) for mortality, while in women those values were 51.0% (n=795) and 42.7% (n=443), respectively. In both sexes and metrics, the Azores were the region with the highest PAF and the Centre with the lowest. During 1998-2011, the APC for incidence ranged from 0.6% to 3.0% in men and 3.6% to 7.9% in women, depending on region, with mortality presenting a similar pattern between sexes. CONCLUSION Exposure to tobacco smoking has accounted for most of the lung cancer cases and deaths estimated in Portugal in 2018. Differential patterns of tobacco consumption across the country, varying implementation of primary prevention programmes and differences in personal cancer awareness may have contributed to the disparities observed. Primary prevention of lung cancer remains a public health priority, particularly among women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo Forjaz
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
- Azores Oncological Centre, Azores, Portugal
| | - Joana Bastos
- Centre Region Cancer Registry, Francisco Gentil Portuguese Institute for Oncology of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Clara Castro
- Northern Region Cancer Registry, Francisco Gentil Portuguese Institute for Oncology of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Mayer
- Southern Region Cancer Registry, Francisco Gentil Portuguese Institute for Oncology of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Anne-Michelle Noone
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Huann-Sheng Chen
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Angela B Mariotto
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
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MacDonald M, Shah S, Swanson J, Song E, Ahsan T, Pabbathi S, Mhaskar R, Mirza AS. Substance Use in Uninsured Cancer Survivors: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study of Free Clinics. Cureus 2020; 12:e10083. [PMID: 33005507 PMCID: PMC7522175 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.10083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Substance use disorders occur in about 5% of the cancer population and can decrease treatment adherence, impede pain management, and undermine a cancer survivor’s network of social support. Although current literature demonstrates substance use is associated with socioeconomic disparity, there is limited research on the prevalence of alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug use among uninsured cancer survivors in the United States. Our multicenter cross-sectional study describes the prevalence of substance use in uninsured cancer survivors in the Tampa Bay Area. Methods A comprehensive retrospective chart review of electronic medical records and paper charts was conducted at nine free clinics in the Tampa Bay Area of Florida between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2017. Substance use prevalence was compared between uninsured cancer survivors and uninsured patients without reported cancer history after adjusting for available demographic risk factors. Results There were 222 patients with a history of cancer and 6,768 patients without a history of cancer included for analysis. Cancer survivors had a median age of 55 years (interquartile range 48-61 years), were mostly female (n = 146, 66.1%), and of Hispanic ethnicity (n = 94, 52.5%). Cancer survivors were more likely to be current smokers (n = 42, 25.1%) compared to patients without a cancer history (n = 759, 16.1%). Patients with a history of cancer were more likely to be current drinkers (n = 34, 26%) compared to non-cancer patients (n = 942, 22.9%). There was no significant difference in illicit drug use history between the two groups. Conclusions Our study demonstrates that uninsured cancer survivors are more likely to be smokers and alcohol consumers than uninsured patients without a history of cancer. There was no significant difference in illicit drug use in cancer survivors and patients without a history of cancer. Future educational interventions should target substance use among uninsured cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline MacDonald
- Internal Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, USA
| | - Shreni Shah
- Internal Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, USA
| | - Justin Swanson
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, USA
| | - Ethan Song
- Plastic Surgery, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, USA
| | - Tanzila Ahsan
- College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, USA
| | - Smitha Pabbathi
- Internal Medicine, Moffitt Cancer Center Department of Internal Medicine, Tampa, USA
| | - Rahul Mhaskar
- Internal Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, USA
| | - Abu-Sayeef Mirza
- Internal Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, USA
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Wilson LF, Green AC, Jordan SJ, Neale RE, Webb PM, Whiteman DC. The proportion of cancers attributable to social deprivation: A population-based analysis of Australian health data. Cancer Epidemiol 2020; 67:101742. [PMID: 32512495 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2020.101742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is a major disease burden globally and people who are socioeconomically disadvantaged have a higher incidence of many types of cancer. We investigated the potential to reduce socioeconomic disparities in cancer incidence in Australia by lowering the prevalence of exposure to four modifiable causes: smoking, alcohol, overweight/obesity and physical inactivity. METHODS We used cancer incidence data from the Australian Cancer Database and risk factor prevalence data from the Australian National Health Survey to estimate the proportions of cancers attributable to the four factors, by area-level socioeconomic disadvantage. For the three risk factors where prevalence was lowest among the least disadvantaged (smoking, overweight/obesity, physical inactivity), we also estimated the potential impact of reducing prevalence in the most disadvantaged areas to that in the least disadvantaged areas. RESULTS The proportion of cancer attributable to the four factors in combination ranged from 22 % in the most disadvantaged areas to 14 % in the least disadvantaged areas. If the prevalence of tobacco smoking, overweight/obesity and physical inactivity in the more disadvantaged areas were the same as that in the least disadvantaged, an estimated 19,500 cancers (4 % of all cancers diagnosed) could have been prevented in Australia between 2009 and 2013. CONCLUSIONS Reducing the prevalence of key causal factors in areas of greater social disadvantage would prevent many cases of cancer. Strategies to achieve this in highly disadvantaged areas are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise F Wilson
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, Queensland, 4006, Australia; The University of Queensland, Faculty of Medicine, Herston Road, Herston, Queensland, 4006, Australia.
| | - Adele C Green
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, Queensland, 4006, Australia; The University of Queensland, Faculty of Medicine, Herston Road, Herston, Queensland, 4006, Australia; Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute and Division of Musculoskeletal & Dermatological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Susan J Jordan
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, Queensland, 4006, Australia; The University of Queensland, Faculty of Medicine, Herston Road, Herston, Queensland, 4006, Australia
| | - Rachel E Neale
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, Queensland, 4006, Australia; The University of Queensland, Faculty of Medicine, Herston Road, Herston, Queensland, 4006, Australia
| | - Penelope M Webb
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, Queensland, 4006, Australia; The University of Queensland, Faculty of Medicine, Herston Road, Herston, Queensland, 4006, Australia
| | - David C Whiteman
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, Queensland, 4006, Australia; The University of Queensland, Faculty of Medicine, Herston Road, Herston, Queensland, 4006, Australia
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Du N, Wu Q, Chen L, Zhang G, Liu X. Fluorescent carbon nanodots-based artificial tongue for determining and discriminating cigarettes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 384:121118. [PMID: 31810807 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Smoking can cause cigarette-related diseases and pose serious threat to human health. Its dangers can be effectively controlled by discriminating cigarettes and monitoring cigarette quality. Herein, a kind of artificial tongue technique based on the indicator displacement assay (IDA) was developed and applied to determine and discriminate cigarettes and their main ingredients (saccharides, organic acids and nicotine). This method was constructed using carbon nanodots (CDs) as a fluorescent indicator and various concentrations of silver ion (Ag+) as a fluorescent regulator. A cigarette extracting solution was prepared to interact with an artificial tongue and produce fluorescence fingerprints. Twenty-nine kinds of cigarettes can be well discriminated in terms of category (flue-cured cigarette, blended cigarette and cigar), brand, origin (domestic or foreign cigarettes) after processing and visualizing the response fingerprints. The artificial tongue fluorescent sensor array can sensitively detect nine kinds of tobacco-based chemical ingredients and discriminate them between different concentrations. The as-prepared fluorescent artificial tongue is a promising platform for monitoring cigarette quality and controlling the harmful effects of smoking because of its cheap material requirements, simple operation, and good performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Du
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory for Green Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry of Advanced Materials, College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036 PR China
| | - Qiuhua Wu
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory for Green Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry of Advanced Materials, College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036 PR China
| | - Lijiang Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036 PR China
| | - Guolin Zhang
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory for Green Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry of Advanced Materials, College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036 PR China.
| | - Xue Liu
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory for Green Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry of Advanced Materials, College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036 PR China.
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11
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Social deprivation is associated with poor kidney transplantation outcome in children. Kidney Int 2019; 96:769-776. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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12
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Mirza AS, Pabbathi S, Lu Y, Ayoubi N, Ewing A, Jaglal M, Roetzheim R. Comorbidities, risk, and socioeconomic factors of uninsured cancer survivors. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e13121. [PMID: 30461610 PMCID: PMC6393034 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000013121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer patients can be well-connected to resources during treatment but become lost to follow-up and subsequently may receive treatment in free clinics for chronic morbidities. Few studies have examined outcomes for uninsured patients with cancer histories in free clinics, but research examining socioeconomic determinants emphasizes poor cancer outcomes for patients with lower socioeconomic statuses (SES).Demographic data and chronic disease measures were extracted from medical charts of patients treated in 8 free clinics in 2016 in Tampa Bay. Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation coefficients were used to demonstrate relationships between socioeconomic factors, cancer diagnoses, and comorbidities. Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) was used to assess mortality risk and severity of disease burden.The histories of 4804 uninsured patients were evaluated, identifying 86 (1.7%) as having had cancer. They were predominantly female (65.1%) and significantly older than those without cancer histories. Average duration from initial diagnosis was approximately 8.53 years (standard deviation [SD] 7.55). Overall, cancer patients had higher CCI scores (3.04 [1.928 SD] versus 0.90 [1.209 SD]; P <.001); thus reflecting more weighted comorbidities than patients without cancer (P <.001). Other factors of chronic disease including obesity and substance abuse correlated with cancer history.Among uninsured patients, those with cancer histories had greater mortality risk by CCI than those without. Chronic conditions such as diabetes, cerebrovascular disease, and chronic pulmonary disease existed in patients with cancer histories, affecting their mortality risk. Uninsured patients with a history of cancer are in greater need for chronic disease management and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Smitha Pabbathi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Moffitt Cancer Center, Survivorship Clinic
| | - Yuanyuan Lu
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida
| | - Noura Ayoubi
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida
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Brenner DR, Poirier AE, Walter SD, King WD, Franco EL, Demers PA, Villeneuve PJ, Ruan Y, Khandwala F, Grevers X, Nuttall R, Smith L, De P, Volesky K, O'Sullivan D, Hystad P, Friedenreich CM. Estimating the current and future cancer burden in Canada: methodological framework of the Canadian population attributable risk of cancer (ComPARe) study. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e022378. [PMID: 30068623 PMCID: PMC6074628 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Canadian Population Attributable Risk of Cancer project aims to quantify the number and proportion of cancer cases incident in Canada, now and projected to 2042, that could be prevented through changes in the prevalence of modifiable exposures associated with cancer. The broad risk factor categories of interest include tobacco, diet, energy imbalance, infectious diseases, hormonal therapies and environmental factors such as air pollution and residential radon. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Using a national network, we will use population-attributable risks (PAR) and potential impact fractions (PIF) to model both attributable (current) and avoidable (future) cancers. The latency periods and the temporal relationships between exposures and cancer diagnoses will be accounted for in the analyses. For PAR estimates, historical exposure prevalence data and the most recent provincial and national cancer incidence data will be used. For PIF estimates, we will model alternative or 'counterfactual' distributions of cancer risk factor exposures to assess how cancer incidence could be reduced under different scenarios of population exposure, projecting incidence to 2042. DISSEMINATION The framework provided can be readily extended and applied to other populations or jurisdictions outside of Canada. An embedded knowledge translation and exchange component of this study with our Canadian Cancer Society partners will ensure that these findings are translated to cancer programmes and policies aimed at population-based cancer risk reduction strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren R Brenner
- Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Abbey E Poirier
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Stephen D Walter
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Will D King
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eduardo L Franco
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Paul A Demers
- Occupational Cancer Research Centre, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul J Villeneuve
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yibing Ruan
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Farah Khandwala
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Xin Grevers
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Leah Smith
- Canadian Cancer Society, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Karena Volesky
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dylan O'Sullivan
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Perry Hystad
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Christine M Friedenreich
- Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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