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Gu Y, Chu C, Yuan B, Wang J, Pan S. Expression and hypermethylation of JAM and EPB41L3 in cervical squamous cell carcinoma: Clinical significance and applications. Histol Histopathol 2024; 39:1043-1051. [PMID: 38213260 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the expression and hypermethylation of EPB41L3 and JAM3 in cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) and to investigate their clinical significance. JAM3 and EPB41L3 mRNA expression was analyzed using a public database, and protein expression was detected using immunohistochemistry. The methylation status of JAM3 and EPB41L3 was detected in CSCC tissues and cervical cytological specimens using a quantitative methylation-specific PCR (qMSP). JAM3 and EPB41L3 mRNA were downregulated in CSCC. The JAM3 protein was positively detected in 39.4% of CSCC tissues and frequently expressed in those with lower FIGO stage and no lymph node metastasis. EPB41L3 was expressed in 18.9% of CSCC tissues. The hypermethylation of JAM3 was detected in 52.3% of CSCC tissues and related to higher FIGO stage and lymph node metastasis. EPB41L3 hypermethylation was detected in 72.7% of CSCC tissues and related to older ages and lymph node metastasis. In cervical cytological specimens, no methylation of JAM3 and EPB41L3 was found in normal or inflamed cervical epithelial cells. The methylation of JAM3 was detected in 0%, 8.3%, and 6.3% of ASCUS, LSIL, and HSIL samples, while EPB41L3 was detected in 12.5%, 42.9%, and 71.4%, respectively. The sensitivity of the combination of JAM3 and EPB41L3 methylation detection in ASCUS, LSIL, and HSIL was 8.3%, 15.6%, and 85.7%, respectively. The specificity of the combination of JAM3 and EPB41L3 methylation detection was 100%. Downregulation of JAM3 and EPB41L3 by hypermethylation was detected in CSCC. JAM3 and EPB41L3 hypermethylation are potential biomarkers for cervical cancer screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Gu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
- Department of Pathology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Chengzhuo Chu
- Department of Pathology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Bei Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jiandong Wang
- Department of Pathology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China.
| | - Shiyang Pan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China.
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Dickey BL, Putney RM, Schell MJ, Berglund AE, Amelio AL, Caudell JJ, Chung CH, Giuliano AR. Identification of a Biomarker Panel from Genome-Wide Methylation to Detect Early HPV-Associated Oropharyngeal Cancer. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2024; 17:169-176. [PMID: 38286404 PMCID: PMC10987272 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-23-0317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
As oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) increases in men, the need for a screening test to diagnose OPC early is crucial. This study agnostically identified differentially methylated CpG sites to identify additional biomarkers to improve screening for early OPC.DNA was extracted from oral gargles of 89 early cases and 108 frequency matched healthy controls, and processed for genome-wide methylation using the Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip. Selected sites were combined with our prior methylation data in the EPB41L3 gene (CpG sites 438, 427, and 425) and oral HPV16 and HPV18 status were considered as binary variables (positive/negative). Lasso regression identified CpG sites strongly associated with early OPC. ROC curves with AUC were generated. The panel was validated utilizing bootstrap resampling.Machine learning analyses identified 14 markers that are significantly associated with early OPC, including one EPB41L3 CpG site (438) and oral HPV16 status. A final model was trained on all available samples using the discovered panel and was able to predict early OPC compared with controls with an AUC of 0.970 on the training set. In the bootstrap validation sets, the average AUC was 0.935, indicating adequate internal validity.Our data suggest that this panel can detect OPC early, however external validation of this panel is needed. Further refinement of a panel of biomarkers to diagnose OPC earlier is urgently needed to prevent complex treatment of OPC and associated comorbidities, while reducing risk of recurrence. PREVENTION RELEVANCE This study identified biomarkers using genome-wide methylation to create a panel capable of discerning early oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) from those without OPC. Such a biomarker panel would be an effective tool to detect OPC early and prevent complications of treatment associated with later diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney L. Dickey
- Center for Immunization and infection Research in Cancer and the Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida USA
| | - Ryan M Putney
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Michael J. Schell
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Anders E. Berglund
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Antonio L. Amelio
- Department of Tumor Biology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
- Department of Head and Neck-Endocrine Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Jimmy J. Caudell
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Christine H. Chung
- Department of Head and Neck-Endocrine Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Anna R. Giuliano
- Center for Immunization and infection Research in Cancer and the Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida USA
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Ekanayake Weeramange C, Tang KD, Irwin D, Hartel G, Langton-Lockton J, Ladwa R, Kenny L, Taheri T, Whitfield B, Vasani S, Punyadeera C. Human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA methylation changes in HPV-associated head and neck cancer. Carcinogenesis 2024; 45:140-148. [PMID: 38270218 PMCID: PMC10925951 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgae001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the rising incidence, currently, there are no early detection methods for HPV-driven HNC (HPV-HNC). Cervical cancer studies suggest that HPV DNA methylation changes can be used as a biomarker to discriminate cancer patients from HPV-infected individuals. As such, this study was designed to establish a protocol to evaluate DNA methylation changes in HPV late genes and long control region (LCR) in saliva samples of HPV-HNC patients and HPV-positive controls. Higher methylation levels were detected in HPV late genes (L1 and L2) in both tumour and saliva samples of HPV-HNC patients compared with HPV-positive controls. Moreover, methylation patterns between tumours and corresponding saliva samples were observed to have a strong correlation (Passing-Bablok regression analysis; τ = 0.7483, P < 0.0001). Considering the differences between HNC and controls in methylation levels in late genes, and considering primer amplification efficiencies, 13 CpG sites located at L1 and L2 genes were selected for further evaluation. A total of 18 HNC saliva samples and 10 control saliva samples were assessed for the methylation levels in the selected sites. From the CpG sites evaluated statistically significant differences were identified for CpG sites at L2-CpG 6 (P = 0.0004), L1-CpG 3 (P = 0.0144), L1-CpG 2 (P = 0.0395) and L2-CpG 19 (P = 0.0455). Our pilot data indicate that higher levels of DNA methylation in HPV late genes are indicative of HPV-HNC risk, and it is a potential supplementary biomarker for salivary HPV detection-based HPV-HNC screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chameera Ekanayake Weeramange
- Saliva and Liquid Biopsy Translational Laboratory, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (GRIDD), Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland (MIHQ), Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Science, Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Open University of Sri Lanka, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Kai Dun Tang
- EDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai International Advanced Research Institute (Shenzhen Futian), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P.R. China
| | - Darryl Irwin
- Agena Bioscience, Bowen Hills, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Gunter Hartel
- Statistics Unit, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Nursing, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Rahul Ladwa
- Department of Cancer Care Services, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Lizbeth Kenny
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
- Department of Cancer Care Services, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Touraj Taheri
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Bernard Whitfield
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Princess Alexandra and Logan Hospitals, Meadowbrook, Queensland 4131, Australia
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Sarju Vasani
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
- Department of Otolaryngology, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Chamindie Punyadeera
- Saliva and Liquid Biopsy Translational Laboratory, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (GRIDD), Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland (MIHQ), Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia
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Horakova Z, Starek I, Salzman R. Current status and future perspectives of oral HPV testing in the diagnosis and monitoring of oropharyngeal cancer. A review. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2023; 167:319-327. [PMID: 37901925 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2023.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
HPV16 status in oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) is an important prognostic factor. Its determination, based on immunistochemical analysis of p16 oncoprotein requires an invasive biopsy. Thus, alternative methods are being sought. Determining oral HPV16 status appears to be a promising alternative. However, it is not used routinely. This prompted us to perform a systematic literature review enabling us to evaluate the diagnostic and predictive ability of this approach. Thirty-four relevant studies were finally selected. For determination of HPV status in OPC, the calculated average sensitivity and specificity for oral sampling was 74% and 91%, respectively, with p16 tumour tissue marker being the gold standard. The method appears to be valuable in monitoring treatment response as well as the biological activity of the tumour, enabling early detection of persistent or relapsing carcinoma sufficiently long before its clinical and/or radiological manifestation. It can also contribute to identification of the primary tumour in cases of metastases of unknown origin. Last but not least, the screening HPV oral testing would help to identify individuals with persistent HPV oral infection who are at increased risk of development of OPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Horakova
- Clinic of ENT and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Olomouc, Palacky University Olomouc, Zdravotniku 248/7, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ivo Starek
- Clinic of ENT and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Olomouc, Palacky University Olomouc, Zdravotniku 248/7, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Richard Salzman
- Clinic of ENT and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Olomouc, Palacky University Olomouc, Zdravotniku 248/7, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Zygouras I, Leventakou D, Pouliakis A, Panagiotou S, Tsakogiannis D, Konstantopoulos G, Logotheti E, Samaras M, Kyriakopoulou Z, Beloukas A, Pateras IS, Delides A, Psyrri A, Panayiotides IG, Yiangou M, Kottaridi C. Human Papillomavirus 16 DNA Methylation Patterns and Investigation of Integration Status in Head and Neck Cancer Cases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14593. [PMID: 37834041 PMCID: PMC10572864 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a pivotal factor in the progression of cervical cancer. In recent years, an increasing interest has emerged in comprehending the influence of HPV on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Notably, it is well established that HPV-associated HNSCC show cases with distinct molecular and clinical attributes compared to HPV-negative cases. The present study delves into the epigenetic landscape of HPV16, specifically its L1 gene and untranslated region (UTR), through pyrosequencing, while the HPV16 DNA physical status was evaluated using E2/E6 ratio analysis in HPV16-positive HNSCC FFPE biopsies. Our findings reveal substantial methylation across six sites within the HPV16 L1 gene and seven sites in the UTR. Specifically, methylation percentages of two L1 CpG sites (7136, 7145) exhibit significant associations with tumor histological grade (p < 0.01), while proving concurrent methylation across multiple sites. The HPV16 DNA physical status was not correlated with the methylation of viral genome or tumor characteristics. This is the first study that examines epigenetic modifications and the HPV16 DNA physical status in Greek HNSCC patients. Our findings suggest an orchestrated epigenetic modulation among specific sites, impacting viral gene expression and intricate virus-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Zygouras
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.Z.); (S.P.); (G.K.); (E.L.); (M.Y.)
| | - Danai Leventakou
- 2nd Department of Pathology, University General Hospital “Attikon”, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12464 Athens, Greece; (D.L.); (A.P.); (M.S.); (I.S.P.); (I.G.P.)
| | - Abraham Pouliakis
- 2nd Department of Pathology, University General Hospital “Attikon”, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12464 Athens, Greece; (D.L.); (A.P.); (M.S.); (I.S.P.); (I.G.P.)
| | - Styliana Panagiotou
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.Z.); (S.P.); (G.K.); (E.L.); (M.Y.)
| | | | - Georgios Konstantopoulos
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.Z.); (S.P.); (G.K.); (E.L.); (M.Y.)
| | - Eirini Logotheti
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.Z.); (S.P.); (G.K.); (E.L.); (M.Y.)
| | - Menelaos Samaras
- 2nd Department of Pathology, University General Hospital “Attikon”, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12464 Athens, Greece; (D.L.); (A.P.); (M.S.); (I.S.P.); (I.G.P.)
| | - Zaharoula Kyriakopoulou
- Department of Environment, School of Technology, University of Thessaly, Gaiopolis Campus, 41500 Larissa, Greece;
| | - Apostolos Beloukas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece;
- National AIDS Reference Centre of Southern Greece, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis S. Pateras
- 2nd Department of Pathology, University General Hospital “Attikon”, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12464 Athens, Greece; (D.L.); (A.P.); (M.S.); (I.S.P.); (I.G.P.)
| | - Alexandros Delides
- 2nd Department of Otolaryngology, University General Hospital “Attikon”, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12464 Athens, Greece;
| | - Amanda Psyrri
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine-Propaedeutic, University General Hospital “Attikon”, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12464 Athens, Greece;
| | - Ioannis G. Panayiotides
- 2nd Department of Pathology, University General Hospital “Attikon”, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12464 Athens, Greece; (D.L.); (A.P.); (M.S.); (I.S.P.); (I.G.P.)
| | - Minas Yiangou
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.Z.); (S.P.); (G.K.); (E.L.); (M.Y.)
| | - Christine Kottaridi
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.Z.); (S.P.); (G.K.); (E.L.); (M.Y.)
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DSouza G, Tewari SR, Troy T, Waterboer T, Struijk L, Castillo R, Wright H, Shen M, Miles B, Johansson M, Robbins HA, Fakhry C. Prevalence of oral and blood oncogenic human papillomavirus biomarkers among an enriched screening population: Baseline results of the MOUTH study. Cancer 2023; 129:2373-2384. [PMID: 37032449 PMCID: PMC10330354 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.34783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus (HPV)-related oropharyngeal cancer screening is being explored in research studies, but strategies to identify an appropriate population are not established. The authors evaluated whether a screening population could be enriched for participants with oncogenic HPV biomarkers using risk factors for oral HPV. METHODS Participants were enrolled at Johns Hopkins Hospitals and Mount Sinai Icahn School of Medicine. Eligible participants were either men aged 30 years or older who had two or more lifetime oral sex partners and a personal history of anogenital dysplasia/cancer or partners of patients who had HPV-related cancer. Oral rinse and serum samples were tested for oncogenic HPV DNA, RNA, and E6 or E7 antibodies, respectively. Participants with any biomarker were considered at-risk. RESULTS Of 1108 individuals, 7.3% had any oncogenic oral HPV DNA, and 22.9% had serum antibodies for oncogenic HPV E6 or E7. Seventeen participants (1.5%) had both oral and blood biomarkers. HPV type 16 (HPV16) biomarkers were rarer, detected in 3.7% of participants, including 20 with oral HPV16 DNA and 22 with HPV16 E6 serum antibodies (n = 1 had both). In adjusted analysis, living with HIV (adjusted odds ratio, 2.65; 95% CI, 1.60-4.40) and older age (66-86 vs. 24-45 years; adjusted odds ratio, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.07-2.70) were significant predictors of being at risk. Compared with the general population, the prevalence of oral HPV16 (1.8% vs. 0.9%), any oncogenic oral HPV DNA (7.3% vs. 3.5%), and HPV16 E6 antibodies (2.2% vs. 0.3%) was significantly elevated. CONCLUSIONS Enrichment by the eligibility criteria successfully identified a population with higher biomarker prevalence, including HPV16 biomarkers, that may be considered for screening trials. Most in this group are still expected to have a low risk of oropharyngeal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gypsyamber DSouza
- Departments of Epidemiology & Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sakshi R Tewari
- Departments of Epidemiology & Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Tanya Troy
- Departments of Epidemiology & Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Tim Waterboer
- Division of Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Linda Struijk
- Viroclinics-DDL Diagnostic Laboratory, Rijswijk, Netherlands
| | - Rachel Castillo
- Departments of Epidemiology & Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hannah Wright
- Departments of Epidemiology & Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michael Shen
- Departments of Epidemiology & Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Brett Miles
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Northwell Health, New York, NY
| | - Mattias Johansson
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Hilary A Robbins
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Carole Fakhry
- Departments of Epidemiology & Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland
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Xi Y, Negrao MV, Akagi K, Xiao W, Jiang B, Warner SC, Dunn JD, Wang J, Symer DE, Gillison ML. Noninvasive genomic profiling of somatic mutations in oral cavity cancers. Oral Oncol 2023; 140:106372. [PMID: 37004423 PMCID: PMC10367182 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2023.106372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Somatic mutations may predict prognosis, therapeutic response, or cancer progression. We evaluated targeted sequencing of oral rinse samples (ORS) for non-invasive mutational profiling of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS A custom hybrid capture panel targeting 42 frequently mutated genes in OSCC was used to identify DNA sequence variants in matched ORS and fresh-frozen tumors from 120 newly-diagnosed patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves determined the optimal variant allele fraction (VAF) cutoff for variant discrimination in ORS. Behavioral, clinical, and analytical factors were evaluated for impacts on assay performance. RESULTS Half of tumors involved oral tongue (50 %), and a majority were T1-T2 tumor stage (55 %). Median depth of sequencing coverage was 260X for OSCC and 1,563X for ORS. Frequencies of single nucleotide variants (SNVs) at highly mutated genes (including TP53, FAT1, HRAS, NOTCH1, CDKN2A, CASP8, NFE2L2, and PIK3CA) in OSCC were highly correlated with TCGA data (R = 0.96, p = 2.5E-22). An ROC curve with area-under-the-curve (AUC) of 0.80 showed that, at an optimal VAF cutoff of 0.10 %, ORS provided 76 % sensitivity, 96 % specificity, but precision of only 2.6E-4. At this VAF cutoff, 206 of 270 SNVs in OSCC were detected in matched ORS. Sensitivity varied by patient, T stage and target gene. Neither downsampled ORS as matched control nor a naïve Bayesian classifier adjusting for sequencing bias appreciably improved assay performance. CONCLUSION Targeted sequencing of ORS provides moderate assay performance for noninvasive detection of SNVs in OSCC. Our findings strongly rationalize further clinical and laboratory optimization of this assay, including strategies to improve precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxin Xi
- Department of Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Marcelo V Negrao
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Keiko Akagi
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Weihong Xiao
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sarah C Warner
- Genomics Shared Resource, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Joe Dan Dunn
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - David E Symer
- Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.
| | - Maura L Gillison
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.
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Lehtinen M, Pimenoff VN, Nedjai B, Louvanto K, Verhoef L, Heideman DAM, El‐Zein M, Widschwendter M, Dillner J. Assessing the risk of cervical neoplasia in the post-HPV vaccination era. Int J Cancer 2023; 152:1060-1068. [PMID: 36093582 PMCID: PMC10091767 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This review is based on the recent EUROGIN scientific session: "Assessing risk of cervical cancer in the post-vaccination era," which addressed the demands of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)/squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) triage now that the prevalence of vaccine-targeted oncogenic high-risk (hr) human papillomaviruses (HPVs) is decreasing. Change in the prevalence distribution of oncogenic HPV types that follows national HPV vaccination programs is setting the stage for loss of positive predictive value of conventional but possibly also new triage modalities. Understanding the contribution of the latter, most notably hypermethylation of cellular and viral genes in a new setting where most oncogenic HPV types are no longer present, requires studies on their performance in vaccinated women with CIN/SIL that are associated with nonvaccine HPV types. Lessons learned from this research may highlight the potential of cervical cells for risk prediction of all women's cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matti Lehtinen
- Medical FacultyTampere UniversityTampereFinland
- Department of Laboratory MedicineKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Ville N. Pimenoff
- Department of Laboratory MedicineKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Belinda Nedjai
- Wolfson Institute of Population HealthQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Karolina Louvanto
- Medical FacultyTampere UniversityTampereFinland
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyTampere University HospitalTampereFinland
| | - Lisanne Verhoef
- Department of PathologyAmsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and BiomarkersAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Daniëlle A. M. Heideman
- Department of PathologyAmsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and BiomarkersAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Mariam El‐Zein
- Division of Cancer EpidemiologyMcGill UniversityMontrealCanada
| | - Martin Widschwendter
- European Translational Oncology Prevention and Screening (EUTOPS) InstituteUniversität InnsbruckHall in TirolAustria
- Research Institute for Biomedical Aging ResearchUniversität InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
- Department of Women's Cancer, UCL EGA Institute for Women's HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Division of Obstetrics and GynecologyKarolinska Institute and Karolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Joakim Dillner
- Department of Laboratory MedicineKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
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Tu CL, Chang W, Sosa JA, Koh J. Digital spatial profiling of human parathyroid tumors reveals cellular and molecular alterations linked to vitamin D deficiency. PNAS NEXUS 2023; 2:pgad073. [PMID: 36992820 PMCID: PMC10042281 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a common endocrine neoplastic disorder characterized by disrupted calcium homeostasis secondary to inappropriately elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion. Low levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) are significantly more prevalent in PHPT patients than in the general population (1-3), but the basis for this association remains unclear. We employed a spatially defined in situ whole-transcriptomics and selective proteomics profiling approach to compare gene expression patterns and cellular composition in parathyroid adenomas from vitamin D-deficient or vitamin D-replete PHPT patients. A cross-sectional panel of eucalcemic cadaveric donor parathyroid glands was examined in parallel as normal tissue controls. Here, we report that parathyroid tumors from vitamin D-deficient PHPT patients (Def-Ts) are intrinsically different from those of vitamin D-replete patients (Rep-Ts) of similar age and preoperative clinical presentation. The parathyroid oxyphil cell content is markedly higher in Def-Ts (47.8%) relative to Rep-Ts (17.8%) and normal donor glands (7.7%). Vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased expression of electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation pathway components. Parathyroid oxyphil cells, while morphologically distinct, are comparable to chief cells at the transcriptional level, and vitamin D deficiency affects the transcriptional profiles of both cell types in a similar manner. These data suggest that oxyphil cells are derived from chief cells and imply that their increased abundance may be induced by low vitamin D status. Gene set enrichment analysis reveals that pathways altered in Def-Ts are distinct from Rep-Ts, suggesting alternative tumor etiologies in these groups. Increased oxyphil content may thus be a morphological indicator of tumor-predisposing cellular stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ling Tu
- Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Medicine, San Francisco Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Wenhan Chang
- Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Medicine, San Francisco Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Julie A Sosa
- Endocrine Neoplasia Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - James Koh
- Endocrine Neoplasia Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
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10
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Vani NV, Madhanagopal R, Swaminathan R, Ganesan TS. Dynamics of oral human papillomavirus infection in healthy population and head and neck cancer. Cancer Med 2023. [PMID: 36846921 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent increase in high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV)-associated oral and oropharyngeal cancers has gained considerable importance due to their distinct clinical and molecular characteristics. However, the natural history of oral HPV from acquisition to persistence and malignant transformation is still unclear. The global prevalence of oral HPV infection in healthy individuals ranges from 0.67% to 35%, while 31%-38.5% in head and neck cancer (HNC). The persistence rate of oral HR-HPV infection is 5.5% -12.8% globally. India has the highest HNC burden due to apparent differences in predisposing factors compared with the West. The prevalence of oral HPV in healthy individuals and its contribution to HNC is less evident in Indian studies. HR-HPV-associated HNC in this region accounts for 26%, with an active infection in 8%-15% of these tumors. There is a lack of concordance in the expression of p16 as a surrogate marker for HPV detection in HNC because of differences in behavioral risk factors. Due to a lack of evidence, treatment de-escalation cannot be implemented despite the improved outcome of HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancers. This review critically analyzes the existing literature on the dynamics of oral HPV infection and HPV-associated HNC, identifying potential avenues for future research. A better understanding of the oncogenic role of HR-HPV in HNC will help to formulate novel therapeutic approaches and is expected to have a significant public health impact as preventive strategies can be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Vani
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Tumour Registry, Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, India
| | - R Madhanagopal
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Tumour Registry, Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, India
| | - R Swaminathan
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Tumour Registry, Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, India
| | - T S Ganesan
- Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, India
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11
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Specific RNA m6A modification sites in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from the jawbone marrow of type 2 diabetes patients with dental implant failure. Int J Oral Sci 2023; 15:6. [PMID: 36631441 PMCID: PMC9834262 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-022-00202-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The failure rate of dental implantation in patients with well-controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is higher than that in non-diabetic patients. This due, in part, to the impaired function of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) from the jawbone marrow of T2DM patients (DM-BMSCs), limiting implant osseointegration. RNA N6-methyladenine (m6A) is important for BMSC function and diabetes regulation. However, it remains unclear how to best regulate m6A modifications in DM-BMSCs to enhance function. Based on the "m6A site methylation stoichiometry" of m6A single nucleotide arrays, we identified 834 differential m6A-methylated genes in DM-BMSCs compared with normal-BMSCs (N-BMSCs), including 43 and 790 m6A hypermethylated and hypomethylated genes, respectively, and 1 gene containing hyper- and hypomethylated m6A sites. Differential m6A hypermethylated sites were primarily distributed in the coding sequence, while hypomethylated sites were mainly in the 3'-untranslated region. The largest and smallest proportions of m6A-methylated genes were on chromosome 1 and 21, respectively. MazF-PCR and real-time RT-PCR results for the validation of erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1 like 3, activity-dependent neuroprotector homeobox (ADNP), growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11), and regulator of G protein signalling 2 agree with m6A single nucleotide array results; ADNP and GDF11 mRNA expression decreased in DM-BMSCs. Furthermore, gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses suggested that most of these genes were enriched in metabolic processes. This study reveals the differential m6A sites of DM-BMSCs compared with N-BMSCs and identifies candidate target genes to enhance BMSC function and improve implantation success in T2DM patients.
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12
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Dickey BL, Nedjai B, Preece MD, Schell MJ, Boulware D, Whiting J, Sirak B, Abrahamsen M, Isaacs‐Soriano KA, Kennedy K, Chung CH, Giuliano AR. Methylation of HPV16 and EPB41L3 in oral gargles and the detection of early and late oropharyngeal cancer. Cancer Med 2022; 11:3735-3742. [PMID: 35619332 PMCID: PMC9582688 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
As oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) increases in men, the need for a screening test to diagnose OPC early is crucial. While HPV-associated OPC has a favorable prognosis, recurrence is likely, and metastatic OPC is often incurable regardless of HPV status. Our previous study of pretreatment, male OPC cases (n = 101) and age- and smoking-matched controls (n = 101) found methylation of the host EPB41L3 tumor suppressor gene and HPV16 in the oral gargle was correlated with these biomarkers in the tumor. Methylation of these genes in the oral gargle was significantly (p < 0.0001) higher among cases compared to controls. To further study the utility of HPV16/EPB41L3 methylation, we expanded the sample size and specifically increased the number of early OPC cases (T1-T2, N0-N1; small tumors with a single ipsilateral node <3 cm) to evaluate these biomarkers in early and late OPC. This study included 228 OPC cases, 92 of which were early cases and frequency matched to 142 healthy controls. In logistic regression, the AUC for HPV16/EPB41L3 methylation for all OPC cases was 0.82. Among early and late OPC cases, the AUC was 0.78 and 0.85, respectively. For early cases, 76% sensitivity was achieved, replicating results from our prior study, with a specificity of 65%, indicating room for improvement. The ability of HPV16/EPB41L3 methylation to distinguish OPC from healthy controls highlights its utility as a potential biomarker for OPC. However, the inability to predict early OPC better than late stage OPC indicates the need for additional biomarkers to improve screening performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney L. Dickey
- Center for Immunization and Infection Research in CancerH. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research InstituteTampaFloridaUSA
- Department of Cancer EpidemiologyH. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research InstituteTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Belinda Nedjai
- Centre for Cancer PreventionWolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary UniversityLondonUK
| | - Matthew D. Preece
- Centre for Cancer PreventionWolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary UniversityLondonUK
| | - Michael J. Schell
- Department of Biostatistics and BioinformaticsH. Lee Moffitt Cancer and Research InstituteTampaFloridaUSA
| | - David Boulware
- Department of Biostatistics and BioinformaticsH. Lee Moffitt Cancer and Research InstituteTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Junmin Whiting
- Department of Biostatistics and BioinformaticsH. Lee Moffitt Cancer and Research InstituteTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Bradley Sirak
- Center for Immunization and Infection Research in CancerH. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research InstituteTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Martha Abrahamsen
- Center for Immunization and Infection Research in CancerH. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research InstituteTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Kimberly A. Isaacs‐Soriano
- Center for Immunization and Infection Research in CancerH. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research InstituteTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Kayoko Kennedy
- Center for Immunization and Infection Research in CancerH. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research InstituteTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Christine H. Chung
- Department of Head and Neck‐Endocrine OncologyH. Lee Moffitt Cancer and Research InstituteTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Anna R. Giuliano
- Center for Immunization and Infection Research in CancerH. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research InstituteTampaFloridaUSA
- Department of Cancer EpidemiologyH. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research InstituteTampaFloridaUSA
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13
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Castro-Oropeza R, Piña-Sánchez P. Epigenetic and Transcriptomic Regulation Landscape in HPV+ Cancers: Biological and Clinical Implications. Front Genet 2022; 13:886613. [PMID: 35774512 PMCID: PMC9237502 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.886613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is an oncogenic virus that causes the highest number of viral-associated cancer cases and deaths worldwide, with more than 690,000 new cases per year and 342,000 deaths only for cervical cancer (CC). Although the incidence and mortality rates for CC are declining in countries where screening and vaccination programs have been implemented, other types of cancer in which HPV is involved, such as oropharyngeal cancer, are increasing, particularly in men. Mutational and transcriptional profiles of various HPV-associated neoplasms have been described, and accumulated evidence has shown the oncogenic capacity of E6, E7, and E5 genes of high-risk HPV. Interestingly, transcriptomic analysis has revealed that although a vast majority of the human genome is transcribed into RNAs, only 2% of transcripts are translated into proteins. The remaining transcripts lacking protein-coding potential are called non-coding RNAs. In addition to the transfer and ribosomal RNAs, there are regulatory non-coding RNAs classified according to size and structure in long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and small RNAs; such as microRNAs (miRNAs), piwi-associated RNAs (piRNAs), small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) and endogenous short-interfering RNAs. Recent evidence has shown that lncRNAs, miRNAs, and circRNAs are aberrantly expressed under pathological conditions such as cancer. In addition, those transcripts are dysregulated in HPV-related neoplasms, and their expression correlates with tumor progression, metastasis, poor prognosis, and recurrence. Nuclear lncRNAs are epigenetic regulators involved in controlling gene expression at the transcriptional level through chromatin modification and remodeling. Moreover, disruption of the expression profiles of those lncRNAs affects multiple biological processes such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration. This review highlights the epigenetic alterations induced by HPV, from infection to neoplastic transformation. We condense the epigenetic role of non-coding RNA alterations and their potential as biomarkers in transformation’s early stages and clinical applications. We also summarize the molecular mechanisms of action of nuclear lncRNAs to understand better their role in the epigenetic control of gene expression and how they can drive the malignant phenotype of HPV-related neoplasia. Finally, we review several chemical and epigenetic therapy options to prevent and treat HPV-associated neoplasms.
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14
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HDAC10 Inhibits Cervical Cancer Progression through Downregulating the HDAC10-microRNA-223-EPB41L3 Axis. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:8092751. [PMID: 35075362 PMCID: PMC8783137 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8092751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Although the tumorigenesis of cervical cancer (CC) has been widely investigated and recognized, the study of the systematic impact of histone deacetylase 10 (HDAC10), microRNA, and downstream molecular mechanisms in CC is still limited. Herein, cervical cancer, precancer lesions, and normal cervical tissues were collected to test the expression level of HDAC10, miR-223, and EPB41L3. The mechanism of HDAC10, miR-223, and EPB41L3 was interpreted in cervical cancer cells after HDAC10, miR-223, or EPB41L3 expression was altered. Results HDAC10 was poorly expressed in cervical cancer and precancer lesions, while miR-223 was highly expressed in cervical cancer. HDAC10 bound to miR-223, and miR-223 targeted EPB41L3. HDAC10 depressed the invasion property and tumorigenesis of cervical cancer via downregulating miR-223 and subsequently targeting EPB41L3. Conclusion The study clarifies that HDAC10 inhibits cervical cancer by downregulating miR-223 and subsequently targeting EPB41L3 expression, which might provide a new insight for management upon cervical cancer and precancer lesions.
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15
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Medda A, Duca D, Chiocca S. Human Papillomavirus and Cellular Pathways: Hits and Targets. Pathogens 2021; 10:262. [PMID: 33668730 PMCID: PMC7996217 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10030262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the causative agent of different kinds of tumors, including cervical cancers, non-melanoma skin cancers, anogenital cancers, and head and neck cancers. Despite the vaccination campaigns implemented over the last decades, we are far from eradicating HPV-driven malignancies. Moreover, the lack of targeted therapies to tackle HPV-related tumors exacerbates this problem. Biomarkers for early detection of the pathology and more tailored therapeutic approaches are needed, and a complete understanding of HPV-driven tumorigenesis is essential to reach this goal. In this review, we overview the molecular pathways implicated in HPV infection and carcinogenesis, emphasizing the potential targets for new therapeutic strategies as well as new biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Susanna Chiocca
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy; (A.M.); (D.D.)
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16
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Gougousis S, Mouchtaropoulou E, Besli I, Vrochidis P, Skoumpas I, Constantinidis I. HPV-Related Oropharyngeal Cancer and Biomarkers Based on Epigenetics and Microbiome Profile. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:625330. [PMID: 33521000 PMCID: PMC7841258 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.625330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
H uman papillomavirus (HPV) is considered the main cause of the increasing incidence rates of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC), and soon, the global burden of HPV-related OPSCC is predicted to exceed that of cervical cancer. Moreover, a different molecular profile for HPV-related OPSCC has been described, opening new promising targeted therapies and immunotherapy approaches. Epigenetic and microbiome-based exploration of biomarkers has gained growing interest with a view to the primary oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) screening. Understanding the role of the epigenetic mechanism and the changes that occur during pathogenesis shows appreciable progress in recent years. The different methylation status of DNA and miRNAs demonstrates the value of possible biomarkers discriminating even in different stages of dysplasia. Through whole-genome bisulfite sequencing, differentially methylated regions (DMRs) hold the key to recover missing information. O n the other hand, the microbiota investigation signifies a new biomarker approach for the evaluation of OPC. Along with known cofactors playing a major role in microbiota differentiation, HPV-related cases must be explored further for better understanding. The dynamic approach of the shotgun metagenomic sequencing will robustly fill the gap especially in species/strain level and consequently to biomarker detection. The constantly growing incidence of HPV-related OPC should lead us in further investigation and understanding of the unique features of the disease, more accurate diagnostic methods, along with the development and implementation of new, targeted therapies. This paper comprehensively reviews the significance of biomarkers based on epigenetics and microbiome profile in the accuracy of the diagnosis of the HPV-related cancer in the oropharynx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon Gougousis
- GH "G. Papanikolaou," ENT, Head and Neck Department, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Ioanna Besli
- GH "G. Papanikolaou," ENT, Head and Neck Department, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Ioannis Skoumpas
- GH "G. Papanikolaou," ENT, Head and Neck Department, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Constantinidis
- 1st Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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17
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Adeoye J, Alade AA, Zhu WY, Wang W, Choi SW, Thomson P. Efficacy of hypermethylated DNA biomarkers in saliva and oral swabs for oral cancer diagnosis: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Oral Dis 2021; 28:541-558. [PMID: 33423350 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to determine the diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) of hypermethylated DNA biomarkers in saliva and oral swabs for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) detection from the prevalidation studies available. MATERIALS AND METHODS Electronic database searching of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, and LILACS was conducted to identify relevant articles that were published between January 1, 2000, and August 1, 2020. RESULTS Meta-analysis was conducted based on 11 of 20 studies selected for review. Included studies had high bias concerns on the QUADAS-2 study assessment tool. We found that salivary and oral swab hypermethylation markers had better specificity than sensitivity for oral cancer detection. Summary sensitivity and specificity (95% CI) of hypermethylation panels were 86.2% (60-96.2) and 90.6% (85.9-93.9) while for individual markers, summary sensitivity and specificity (95% CI) were 70% (56.9-80.5) and 91.9% (80.3-96.9), respectively. Respective positive and negative likelihood ratios for combined markers were 9.2 (5.89-14.36) and 0.15 (0.05-0.5), and 8.61 (3.39-21.87) and 0.33 (0.22-0.49) for single-application biomarkers. CONCLUSION DNA hypermethylation biomarkers especially in combination have acceptable DTA that warrants further optimization with rigorous biomarker evaluation methods for conclusive determination of their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Adeoye
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Oral Cancer Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Azeez Arisekola Alade
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Wang-Yong Zhu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Weilan Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Oral Cancer Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Siu-Wai Choi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Oral Cancer Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Peter Thomson
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Oral Cancer Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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18
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DNA Methylation Changes in Human Papillomavirus-Driven Head and Neck Cancers. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061359. [PMID: 32486347 PMCID: PMC7348958 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of DNA methylation patterns is one of the hallmarks of cancer. Similar to other cancer types, human papillomavirus (HPV)-driven head and neck cancer (HNC) also reveals alterations in its methylation profile. The intrinsic ability of HPV oncoproteins E6 and E7 to interfere with DNA methyltransferase activity contributes to these methylation changes. There are many genes that have been reported to be differentially methylated in HPV-driven HNC. Some of these genes are involved in major cellular pathways, indicating that DNA methylation, at least in certain instances, may contribute to the development and progression of HPV-driven HNC. Furthermore, the HPV genome itself becomes a target of the cellular DNA methylation machinery. Some of these methylation changes appearing in the viral long control region (LCR) may contribute to uncontrolled oncoprotein expression, leading to carcinogenesis. Consistent with these observations, demethylation therapy appears to have significant effects on HPV-driven HNC. This review article comprehensively summarizes DNA methylation changes and their diagnostic and therapeutic indications in HPV-driven HNC.
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19
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Yuan X, Piao L, Wang L, Han X, Zhuang M, Liu Z. Pivotal roles of protein 4.1B/DAL‑1, a FERM‑domain containing protein, in tumor progression (Review). Int J Oncol 2019; 55:979-987. [PMID: 31545421 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein 4.1B/DAL‑1, encoded by erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1‑like 3 (EPB41L3), belongs to the protein 4.1 superfamily, a group of proteins that share a conserved four.one‑ezrin‑radixin‑moesin (FERM) domain. Protein 4.1B/DAL‑1 serves a crucial role in cytoskeletal organization and a number of processes through multiple interactions with membrane proteins via its FERM, spectrin‑actin‑binding and C‑terminal domains. A number of studies have indicated that a loss of EPB41L3 expression is commonly observed in lung cancer, breast cancer, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and meningiomas. DNA methylation and a loss of heterozygosity have been reported to contribute to the downregulation of EPB41L3. To date, the biological functions of protein 4.1B/DAL‑1 in carcinogenesis remain unknown. The present review summarizes the current understanding of the role of protein 4.1B/DAL‑1 in cancer and highlights its potential as a cancer diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Lianhua Piao
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213001, P.R. China
| | - Luhui Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Xu Han
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Ming Zhuang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
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