1
|
Li Q, Liu QY, Zhao YX, He SG. Conversion of Methane at Room Temperature Mediated by the Ta-Ta σ-Bond. JACS AU 2024; 4:1824-1832. [PMID: 38818048 PMCID: PMC11134373 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Metal-metal bonds constitute an important type of reactive centers for chemical transformation; however, the availability of active metal-metal bonds being capable of converting methane under mild conditions, the holy grail in catalysis, remains a serious challenge. Herein, benefiting from the systematic investigation of 36 metal clusters of tantalum by using mass spectrometric experiments complemented with quantum chemical calculations, the dehydrogenation of methane at room temperature was successfully achieved by 18 cluster species featuring σ-bonding electrons localized in single naked Ta-Ta centers. In sharp contrast, the other 18 remaining clusters, either without naked Ta-Ta σ-bond or with σ-bonding electrons delocalized over multiple Ta-Ta centers only exhibit molecular CH4-adsorption reactivity or inertness. Mechanistic studies revealed that changing cluster geometric configurations and tuning the number of simple inorganic ligands (e.g., oxygen) could flexibly manipulate the presence or absence of such a reactive Ta-Ta σ-bond. The discovery of Ta-Ta σ-type bond being able to exhibit outstanding activity toward methane conversion not only overturns the traditional recognition that only the metal-metal π- or δ-bonds of early transition metals could participate in bond activation but also opens up a new access to design of promising metal catalysts with dual-atom as reactive sites for chemical transformations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- State
Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species,
Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education
Centre of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Qing-Yu Liu
- State
Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species,
Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education
Centre of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Yan-Xia Zhao
- State
Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species,
Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education
Centre of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Sheng-Gui He
- State
Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species,
Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education
Centre of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Meta M, Huber ME, Birk M, Wedele M, Ončák M, Meyer J. Dynamics of carbene formation in the reaction of methane with the tantalum cation in the gas phase. Faraday Discuss 2024. [PMID: 38764361 DOI: 10.1039/d3fd00171g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
The controlled activation of methane has drawn significant attention throughout various disciplines over the last few decades. In gas-phase experiments, the use of model systems with reduced complexity compared to condensed-phase catalytic systems allows us to investigate the intrinsic reactivity of elementary reactions down to the atomic level. Methane is rather inert in chemical reactions, as the weakening or cleavage of a C-H bond is required to make use of methane as C1-building block. The simplest model system for transition-metal-based catalysts is a mono-atomic metal ion. Only a few atomic transition-metal cations activate methane at room temperature. One of the most efficient elements is tantalum, which forms a carbene and releases molecular hydrogen in the reaction with methane: Ta+ + CH4 → TaCH2+ + H2. The reaction takes place at room temperature due to efficient intersystem crossing from the quintet to the triplet surface, i.e., from the electronic ground state of the tantalum cation to the triplet ground state of the tantalum carbene. This multi-state reactivity is often seen for reactions involving transition-metal centres, but leads to their theoretical treatment being a challenge even today. Chemical reactions, or to be precise reactive collisions, are dynamic processes making their description even more of a challenge to experiment and theory alike. Experimental energy- and angle-differential cross sections allow us to probe the rearrangement of atoms during a reactive collision. By interpreting the scattering signatures, we gain insight into the atomistic mechanisms and can move beyond stationary descriptions. Here, we present a study combining collision energy dependent experimentally measured differential cross sections with ab initio calculations of the minimum energy pathway. Product ion velocity distributions were recorded using our crossed-beam velocity map imaging experiment dedicated to studying transition-metal ion molecule reactions. TaCH2+ velocity distributions reveal a significant degree of indirect dynamics. However, the scattering distributions also show signatures of rebound dynamics. We compare the present results to the oxygen transfer reaction between Ta+ and carbon dioxide, which we recently studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Meta
- RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Fachbereich Chemie und Forschungszentrum OPTIMAS, Erwin-Schrödinger Str. 52, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
| | - Maximilian E Huber
- RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Fachbereich Chemie und Forschungszentrum OPTIMAS, Erwin-Schrödinger Str. 52, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
| | - Maurice Birk
- RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Fachbereich Chemie und Forschungszentrum OPTIMAS, Erwin-Schrödinger Str. 52, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
| | - Martin Wedele
- RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Fachbereich Chemie und Forschungszentrum OPTIMAS, Erwin-Schrödinger Str. 52, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
| | - Milan Ončák
- Universität Innsbruck, Institut für Ionenenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Technikerstr. 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jennifer Meyer
- RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Fachbereich Chemie und Forschungszentrum OPTIMAS, Erwin-Schrödinger Str. 52, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Guo M, Wu X, Wu H, Sun X. Ligand effect on Ru-centered species toward methane activation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:14329-14335. [PMID: 38695750 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp01420k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Ligands have been known to profoundly affect the chemical transformations of methane, yet significant challenges remain in shedding light on the underlying mechanisms. Here, we demonstrate that the conversion of methane can be regulated by Ru centered cations with a series of ligands (C, CH, CNH, CHCNH). Gas-phase experiments complemented by theoretical dynamic analysis were performed to explore the essences and principles governing the ligand effect. In contrast to the inert Ru+, [RuC]+, and [RuCNH]+ toward CH4, the dehydrogenation dominates the reaction of ligand-regulated systems [RuCH]+/CH4 and [RuCHCNH]+/CH4. In active cases, CH acts as active sites, and regulates the activation of CH4 assisted by the "seemingly inert" CNH ligand.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengdi Guo
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, P. R. China.
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, P. R. China
| | - Xiaonan Wu
- East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China.
| | - Hechen Wu
- Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, P. R. China.
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Parker K, Bollis NE, Ryzhov V. Ion-molecule reactions of mass-selected ions. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2024; 43:47-89. [PMID: 36447431 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Gas-phase reactions of mass-selected ions with neutrals covers a very broad area of fundamental and applied mass spectrometry (MS). Oftentimes, ion-molecule reactions (IMR) can serve as a viable alternative to collision-induced dissociation and other ion dissociation techniques when using tandem MS. This review focuses on the literature pertaining applications of IMR since 2013. During the past decade considerable efforts have been made in analytical applications of IMR, including advances in one of the major techniques for characterization of unsaturated fatty acids and lipids, ozone-induced dissociation, and the development of a new technique for sequencing of large ions, hydrogen atom attachment/abstraction dissociation. Many advances have also been made in identifying gas-phase chemistry specific to a functional group in organic and biological compounds, which are useful in structure elucidation of analytes and differentiation of isomers/isobars. With "soft" ionization techniques like electrospray ionization having become mainstream for quite some time now, the efforts in the area of metal ion catalysis have firmly moved into exploring chemistry of ligated metal complexes in their "natural" oxidation states allowing to model individual steps of mechanisms in homogeneous catalysis, especially in combination with high-level DFT calculations. Finally, IMR continue to contribute to the body of knowledge in the area of chemistry of interstellar processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Parker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
| | - Nicholas E Bollis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
| | - Victor Ryzhov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kozubal J, Heck T, Metz RB. Probing adsorption of methane onto vanadium cluster cations via vibrational spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:174305. [PMID: 37916597 DOI: 10.1063/5.0169118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Photofragment spectroscopy is used to measure the vibrational spectra of V2+(CH4)n (n = 1-4), V3+(CH4)n (n = 1-3), and Vx+(CH4) (x = 4-8) in the C-H stretching region (2550-3100 cm-1). Spectra are measured by monitoring loss of CH4. The experimental spectra are compared to simulations at the B3LYP+D3/6-311++G(3df,3pd) level of theory to identify the geometry of the ions. Multi-reference configuration interaction with Davidson correction (MRCI+Q) calculations are also carried out on V2+ and V3+. The methane binding orientation in V2+(CH4)n (n = 1-4) evolves from η3 to η2 as more methane molecules are added. The IR spectra of metal-methane clusters can give information on the structure of metal clusters that may otherwise be hard to obtain from isolated clusters. For example, the V3+(CH4)n (n = 1-3) experimental spectra show an additional peak as the second and third methane molecules are added to V3+, which indicates that the metal atoms are not equivalent. The Vx+(CH4) show a larger red shift in the symmetric C-H stretch for larger clusters with x = 5-8 than for the small clusters with x = 2, 3, indicating increased covalency in the interaction of larger vanadium clusters with methane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justine Kozubal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Tristan Heck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Ricardo B Metz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yan L, Yuan B, Qian C, Zhou S. Methane Activation by [AlFeO 3 ] + : the Hidden Spin Selectivity. Chemphyschem 2023:e202300603. [PMID: 37814927 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
The performance of heteronuclear cluster [AlFeO3 ]+ in activating methane has been explored by a combination of high-level quantum chemical calculations with gas-phase experiments. At room temperature, [AlFeO3 ]+ is a mixture of 7 [AlFeO3 ]+ and 5 [AlFeO3 ]+ , in which two states lead to different reactivity and chemoselectivity for methane activation. While hydrogen extracted from methane is the only product channel for the 7 [AlFeO3 ]+ /CH4 couple, 5 [AlFeO3 ]+ is able to convert this substrate to formaldehyde. In addition, the introduction of an external electric field may regulate the reactivity and product selectivity. The interesting doping effect of Fe and the associated electronic origins are discussed, which may guide one on the design of Fe-involved catalyst for methane conversion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linghui Yan
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, P. R. China
- Institute of Zhejiang University - Quzhou, Zheda Rd. #99, 324000, Quzhou, P.R. China
| | - BoWei Yuan
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, P. R. China
- Institute of Zhejiang University - Quzhou, Zheda Rd. #99, 324000, Quzhou, P.R. China
| | - Chao Qian
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, P. R. China
- Institute of Zhejiang University - Quzhou, Zheda Rd. #99, 324000, Quzhou, P.R. China
| | - Shaodong Zhou
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, P. R. China
- Institute of Zhejiang University - Quzhou, Zheda Rd. #99, 324000, Quzhou, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Marcum JC, Metz RB. Vibrational Spectroscopy and Structural Analysis of V +(C 2H 6) n Clusters ( n = 1-4). J Phys Chem A 2023. [PMID: 37307201 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The vibrational structure and binding motifs of vanadium cation-ethane clusters, V+(C2H6)n, for n = 1-4 are probed using infrared photodissociation spectroscopy in the C-H stretching region (2550-3100 cm-1). Comparison of spectra to scaled harmonic frequency spectra obtained using density functional theory suggests that ethane exhibits two primary binding motifs when interacting with the vanadium cation: an end-on η2 configuration and a side-on configuration. Determining the denticity of the side on isomer is complicated by the rotational motion of ethane, implying that structural analysis based solely on Born-Oppenheimer potential energy surface minimizations is insufficient and that a more sophisticated vibrationally adiabatic approach is necessary to interpret spectra. The lower-energy side-on configuration predominates in smaller clusters, but the end-on configuration becomes important for larger clusters as it helps to maintain a roughly square-planar geometry about the central vanadium. Proximate C-H bonds exhibit elongation and large red-shifts when compared to bare ethane, particularly in the case of the side-on isomer, demonstrating initial effects of C-H bond activation, which are underestimated by scaled harmonic frequency calculations. Tagging several of the clusters with argon and nitrogen results in nontrivial effects. The high binding energy of N2 can lead to the displacement of ethane from a side-on configuration into an end-on configuration. The presence of either one or two Ar or N2 can impact the overall symmetry of the cluster, which can alter the potential energy surface for ethane rotation in the side-on isomer and may affect the accessibility of low-lying electronic excited states of V+.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesse C Marcum
- Department of Chemistry, Keene State College, Keene, New Hampshire 03435, United States
| | - Ricardo B Metz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ruan M, Zhao YX, Wei GP, He SG. High-temperature reactivity of vanadium oxide clusters in methane activation: Vibrational degrees of freedom matter. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:2890772. [PMID: 37191213 DOI: 10.1063/5.0148304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the properties of small particles working under high-temperature conditions at the atomistic scale is imperative for exact control of related processes, but it is quite challenging to achieve experimentally. Herein, benefitting from state-of-the-art mass spectrometry and by using our newly designed high-temperature reactor, the activity of atomically precise particles of negatively charged vanadium oxide clusters toward hydrogen atom abstraction (HAA) from methane, the most stable alkane molecule, has been measured at elevated temperatures up to 873 K. We discovered the positive correlation between the reaction rate and cluster size that larger clusters possessing greater vibrational degrees of freedom can carry more vibrational energies to enhance the HAA reactivity at high temperature, in contrast with the electronic and geometric issues that control the activity at room temperature. This finding opens up a new dimension, vibrational degrees of freedom, for the simulation or design of particle reactions under high-temperature conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Man Ruan
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Centre of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Xia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Centre of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Gong-Ping Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Centre of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Gui He
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Centre of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fielicke A. Probing the binding and activation of small molecules by gas-phase transition metal clusters via IR spectroscopy. Chem Soc Rev 2023. [PMID: 37162518 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00104g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Isolated transition metal clusters have been established as useful models for extended metal surfaces or deposited metal particles, to improve the understanding of their surface chemistry and of catalytic reactions. For this objective, an important milestone has been the development of experimental methods for the size-specific structural characterization of clusters and cluster complexes in the gas phase. This review focusses on the characterization of molecular ligands, their binding and activation by small transition metal clusters, using cluster-size specific infrared action spectroscopy. A comprehensive overview and a critical discussion of the experimental data available to date is provided, reaching from the initial results obtained using line-tuneable CO2 lasers to present-day studies applying infrared free electron lasers as well as other intense and broadly tuneable IR laser sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André Fielicke
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yuan B, Tang SY, Zhou S. Size Effects in Gas-phase C-H Activation. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202200769. [PMID: 36420565 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The gas-phase clusters reaction permits addressing fundamental aspects of the challenges related to C-H activation. The size effect plays a key role in the activation processes as it may substantially affect both the reactivity and selectivity. In this paper, we reviewed the size effect related to the hydrocarbon oxidation by early transition metal oxides and main group metal oxides, methane activation mediated by late transition metals. Based on mass-spectrometry experiments in conjunction with quantum chemical calculations, mechanistic discussions were reviewed to present how and why the size greatly regulates the reactivity and product distribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bowei Yuan
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, P. R. China.,Institute of Zhejiang University - Quzhou, Zheda Rd. #99, 324000, Quzhou, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Ya Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Safety and Control for Chemicals, SINOPEC Research Institute of Safety Engineering Co., Ltd., Qingdao, 266000, P. R. China
| | - Shaodong Zhou
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, P. R. China.,Institute of Zhejiang University - Quzhou, Zheda Rd. #99, 324000, Quzhou, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li W, Ding N, Ding X, Wu X. The study on gas phase dehydrogenation reactions of transition metal cation and ethylene. Mol Phys 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2023.2179349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, North China Electric Power University, Huilongguan, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Clusters and Low Dimensional Nanomaterials, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ning Ding
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, North China Electric Power University, Huilongguan, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Clusters and Low Dimensional Nanomaterials, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xunlei Ding
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, North China Electric Power University, Huilongguan, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Clusters and Low Dimensional Nanomaterials, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaonan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lengyel J, Levin N, Ončák M, Jakob K, Tschurl M, Heiz U. Direct Coupling of Methane and Carbon Dioxide on Tantalum Cluster Cations. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203259. [PMID: 36404276 PMCID: PMC10107500 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Understanding molecular-scale reaction mechanisms is crucial for the design of modern catalysts with industrial prospect. Through joint experimental and computational studies, we investigate the direct coupling reaction of CH4 and CO2 , two abundant greenhouse gases, mediated by Ta1,4 + ions to form larger oxygenated hydrocarbons. Coherent with proposed elementary steps, we expose products of CH4 dehydrogenation [Ta1,4 CH2 ]+ to CO2 in a ring electrode ion trap. Product analysis and reaction kinetics indicate a predisposition of the tetramers for C-O coupling with a conversion to products of CH2 O, whereas atomic cations enable C-C coupling yielding CH2 CO. Selected experimental findings are supported by thermodynamic computations, connecting structure, electronic properties, and catalyst function. Moreover, the study of bare Ta1,4 + compounds indicates that methane dehydrogenation is a significant initial step in the direct coupling reaction, enabling new, yet unknown reaction pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jozef Lengyel
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Nikita Levin
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Milan Ončák
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Konstantin Jakob
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Martin Tschurl
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Ueli Heiz
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yuan B, Tang S, Zhou S. Striking Size and Doping Effects of Ti−Si−O Clusters on Methane Conversion Reactions. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201136. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bowei Yuan
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology Zhejiang University 310027 Hangzhou (P. R. China) Institute of Zhejiang University - Quzhou 78 Jiuhua Boulevard North 324000 Quzhou P. R. China
| | - Shi‐Ya Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Safety and Control for Chemicals SINOPEC Research Institute of Safety Engineering Co. Ltd. Qingdao 266000 (P. R. China
| | - Shaodong Zhou
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology Zhejiang University 310027 Hangzhou (P. R. China) Institute of Zhejiang University - Quzhou 78 Jiuhua Boulevard North 324000 Quzhou P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lushchikova OV, Reijmer S, Armentrout PB, Bakker JM. IR Spectroscopic Characterization of Methane Adsorption on Copper Clusters Cu n+ ( n = 2-4). JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2022; 33:1393-1400. [PMID: 35411768 PMCID: PMC9354255 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of CH4 with cationic copper clusters has been studied with infrared-multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD) spectroscopy. Cun+ (n = 2-4) formed by laser ablation were reacted with CH4. The formed complexes were irradiated with the IR light of the free-electron laser for intracavity experiments (FELICE), and the fragments were mass-analyzed with a reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The structures of the Cun+-CH4 complexes are assigned on the basis of comparison between the resulting IRMPD spectra to spectra of different isomers calculated with density functional theory (DFT). For all sizes n, the structure found is one with molecularly adsorbed CH4. Only slight deformations of the CH4 molecule have been identified upon adsorption on the clusters, which results in redshifts of the spectroscopic bands. This deformation can be explained by charge transfer from the cluster to the adsorbed methane molecule.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga V. Lushchikova
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institut
für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stijn Reijmer
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - P. B. Armentrout
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Joost M. Bakker
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Roithová J, Bakker JM. Ion spectroscopy in methane activation. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2022; 41:513-528. [PMID: 34008884 PMCID: PMC9292810 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This review is devoted to ion spectroscopy studies of complexes relevant for the understanding of methane activation with metal ions and clusters. Methane activation starts with the formation of a complex with a metal ion. The degree of the interaction between an intact methane molecule and the ion can be monitored by the perturbations of C-H stretch vibrations in the methane molecule. Binding mediated by the electrostatic interaction results in a η3 type coordination of methane. In contrast, binding governed by orbital interactions results in a η2 type coordination of methane. We further review the spectroscopic characterization of activation products of metal-methane reactions, such as the metal-carbene and carbyne products resulting from the interaction of selected 5d metals with methane. The focus of recent research in the field has shifted towards the investigation of interactions between methane and metal clusters. We show examples highlighting that metal clusters can be more reactive in methane activation reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Roithová
- Department of Spectroscopy and CatalysisRadboud University NijmegenNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Joost M. Bakker
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and MaterialsFELIX LaboratoryNijmegenThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Experimental and Theoretical Study of N2 Adsorption on Hydrogenated Y2C4H− and Dehydrogenated Y2C4− Cluster Anions at Room Temperature. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136976. [PMID: 35805983 PMCID: PMC9266966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The adsorption of atmospheric dinitrogen (N2) on transition metal sites is an important topic in chemistry, which is regarded as the prerequisite for the activation of robust N≡N bonds in biological and industrial fields. Metal hydride bonds play an important part in the adsorption of N2, while the role of hydrogen has not been comprehensively studied. Herein, we report the N2 adsorption on the well-defined Y2C4H0,1− cluster anions under mild conditions by using mass spectrometry and density functional theory calculations. The mass spectrometry results reveal that the reactivity of N2 adsorption on Y2C4H− is 50 times higher than that on Y2C4− clusters. Further analysis reveals the important role of the H atom: (1) the presence of the H atom modifies the charge distribution of the Y2C4H− anion; (2) the approach of N2 to Y2C4H− is more favorable kinetically compared to that to Y2C4−; and (3) a natural charge analysis shows that two Y atoms and one Y atom are the major electron donors in the Y2C4− and Y2C4H− anion clusters, respectively. This work provides new clues to the rational design of TM-based catalysts by efficiently doping hydrogen atoms to modulate the reactivity towards N2.
Collapse
|
17
|
Yang Y, Zhao Y, He S. Conversion of CH
4
Catalyzed by Gas Phase Ions Containing Metals. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200062. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yang
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Yan‐Xia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Centre of Excellence in Molecular Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Sheng‐Gui He
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Centre of Excellence in Molecular Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Li Y, Ding YQ, Zhou S, Ma JB. Dinitrogen Activation by Dihydrogen and Quaternary Cluster Anions AuNbBO -: Nb- and B-Mediated N 2 Activation and Au-Assisted Nitrogen Transfer. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:4058-4063. [PMID: 35499311 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen fixation and hydrogenation are important issues in chemistry and industry. Herein, we used mass spectrometry and quantum chemical calculations to identify the quaternary AuNbBO- anions that can efficiently activate N2 and H2 to form imido (or amido) units in the products AuNbBON2H2- under thermal collision conditions. In these reactions, Nb and B atoms work in synergy to dissociate N2 and the Au atom acts as a reducing agent, which facilitates the removal of one activated N atom for the following hydrogenation process; generation of three-centered, two-electron bonds facilitates N2 activation and N transformation. This study shows that the noble metal-assisted early transition metal boronyl cluster is highly reactive to facilitate thermal N-N and H-H bond cleavage, and NH (or NH2) and NBO units, which are important intermediates in N2 hydrogenation reactions, are formed. These findings may provide insight into the design of new catalysts for the synthesis of NH3 from N2 and H2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yong-Qi Ding
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Shaodong Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jia-Bi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Li W, Wu H, Ding X, Wu X. The cycloaddition reaction of ethylene and methane mediated by Ir+ to generate a half-sandwich structure IrHCp+. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
20
|
Mercero JM, Rezabal E, Ugalde JM, Weiske T, Li J. Experiment and Theory Clarify: Sc+ Receives One Oxygen Atom from SO2 to Form ScO+, which Proves to be a Catalyst for the Hidden Oxygen-Exchange with SO2. Chemphyschem 2021; 23:e202100773. [PMID: 34942051 PMCID: PMC9303259 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Using Fourier‐transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry, it was experimentally determined that Sc+ in the highly diluted gas phase reacts with SO2 to form ScO+ and SO. By 18O labeling, ScO+ was shown to play the role of a catalyst when further reacting with SO2 in a Mars‐van Krevelen‐like (MvK) oxygen exchange process, where a solid catalyst actively reacts with the substrate but emerges apparently unchanged at the end of the cycle. High‐level quantum chemical calculations confirmed that the multi‐step process to form ScO+ and SO is exoergic and that all intermediates and transition states in between are located energetically below the entrance level. The reaction starts from the triplet surface; although three spin‐crossing points with minimal energy have been identified by computational means, there is no evidence that a two‐state scenario is involved in the course of the reaction, by which the reactants could switch from the triplet to the singlet surface and back. Pivotal to the oxygen exchange reaction of ScO+ with SO2 is the occurrence of a highly symmetric four‐membered cyclic intermediate by which two oxygen atoms become equivalent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Mercero
- Universidad del Pais Vasco / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, SGIker, PK 1072, 20080, Donostia, SPAIN
| | - Elixabete Rezabal
- Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea: Universidad del Pais Vasco, Advanced Polymers and Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, SPAIN
| | - Jesus M Ugalde
- Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea: Universidad del Pais Vasco, Advanced Polymers and Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, SPAIN
| | | | - Jilai Li
- Jilin University, Institute of theoretical Chemistry, CHINA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yan L, Li S, Zhou S. On the origin of reactivity variation upon sequential ligation: the [Re(Cl) x] +/CH 4 ( x = 1-3) couples. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:24319-24327. [PMID: 34673861 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03468e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The potential of [ReClx]+ (x = 1-3) in activating methane has been explored by using a combination of gas-phase experiments and high-level quantum calculations. When the number of Cl ligands increases, the reactivity towards methane activation varies accordingly. While [ReClx]+ (x = 1-2) are able to dehydrogenate methane by a three-state reactivity scenario, [ReCl3]+ shows inertness towards methane at ambient conditions. Furthermore, the product ion [ClRe(H)CH]+ of the [ReCl]+/CH4 couple could continue to activate methane and liberate molecular dihydrogen but another product ion [Cl2ReCH2]+ is unreactive with methane. Obviously, the nature and the number of ligands make a difference to the reactivity towards methane activation. The associated reaction mechanism and the electron origins for the rather different reactivities are discussed in detail. Finally and more importantly, instructive information concerning the rational design of Re-catalysts for methane conversion is obtained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linghui Yan
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, Zhejiang University, 310027 Hangzhou, P. R. China. .,Institute of Zhejiang University - Quzhou, 78 Jiuhua Boulevard North, 324000 Quzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shihan Li
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, Zhejiang University, 310027 Hangzhou, P. R. China. .,Institute of Zhejiang University - Quzhou, 78 Jiuhua Boulevard North, 324000 Quzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shaodong Zhou
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, Zhejiang University, 310027 Hangzhou, P. R. China. .,Institute of Zhejiang University - Quzhou, 78 Jiuhua Boulevard North, 324000 Quzhou, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
O'Hair RAJ. ORGANOMETALLIC GAS-PHASE ION CHEMISTRY AND CATALYSIS: INSIGHTS INTO THE USE OF METAL CATALYSTS TO PROMOTE SELECTIVITY IN THE REACTIONS OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2021; 40:782-810. [PMID: 32965774 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Carboxylic acids are valuable organic substrates as they are widely available, easy to handle, and exhibit structural and functional variety. While they are used in many standard synthetic protocols, over the past two decades numerous studies have explored new modes of metal-mediated reactivity of carboxylic acids and their derivatives. Mass spectrometry-based studies can provide fundamental mechanistic insights into these new modes of reactivity. Here gas-phase models for the following catalytic transformations of carboxylic acids and their derivatives are reviewed: protodecarboxylation; dehydration; decarbonylation; reaction as coordinated bases in C-H bond activation; remote functionalization and decarboxylative C-C bond coupling. In each case the catalytic problem is defined, insights from gas-phase studies are highlighted, comparisons with condensed-phase systems are made and perspectives are reached. Finally, the potential role for mechanistic studies that integrate both gas- and condensed-phase studies is highlighted by recent studies on the discovery of new catalysts for the selective decomposition of formic acid and the invention of the new extrusion-insertion class of reactions for the synthesis of amides, thioamides, and amidines. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Mass Spec Rev.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard A J O'Hair
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
- Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chu LY, Wang M, Ma JB. Conversion of carbon dioxide to a novel molecule NCNBO - mediated by NbBN 2- anions at room temperature. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:22613-22619. [PMID: 34596195 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03613k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The activation of carbon dioxide (CO2) mediated by NbBN2- cluster anions under the conditions of thermal collision has been investigated by time-of-flight mass spectrometry combined with density functional theory calculations. Two CO double bonds in the CO2 molecule are completely broken and two C-N bonds are further generated to form the novel molecule NCNBO-. To the best of our knowledge, this new molecule is synthesized and reported for the first time. In addition, one oxygen atom transfer channel produces another product, NbBN2O-. Both of the Nb and B atoms in NbBN2- donate electrons to reduce CO2, and the carbon atom originating from CO2 serves as an electron reservoir. The reaction of NbB- with N2 was also investigated theoretically, and the formation of NbBN2- from this reaction is thermodynamically and kinetically quite favorable, indicating that NCNBO- might be produced from the coupling of N2 and CO2 mediated by NbB- anions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Ye Chu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Ming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Jia-Bi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Eckhard JF, Masubuchi T, Tschurl M, Barnett RN, Landman U, Heiz U. Room-Temperature Methane Activation Mediated by Free Tantalum Cluster Cations: Size-by-Size Reactivity. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:5289-5302. [PMID: 34128681 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c02384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The energetics of small cationic tantalum clusters and their gas-phase adsorption and dehydrogenation reaction pathways with methane are investigated with ion-trap experiments and spin-density-functional-theory calculations. Tan+ clusters are exposed to methane under multicollision conditions in a cryogenic ring electrode ion-trap. The cluster size affects the reaction efficiency and the number of consecutively dehydrogenated methane molecules. Small clusters (n = 1-4) dehydrogenate CH4 and concurrently eliminate H2, while larger clusters (n > 4) demonstrate only molecular adsorption of methane. Unique behavior is found for the Ta+ cation, which dehydrogenates consecutively up to four CH4 molecules and is predicted theoretically to promote formation of a [Ta(CH2-CH2-CH2)(CH2)]+ product, exhibiting C-C coupled groups. Underlying mechanisms, including reaction-enhancing couplings between potential energy surfaces of different spin-multiplicities, are uncovered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan F Eckhard
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie, Chemistry Department & Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Tsugunosuke Masubuchi
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie, Chemistry Department & Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Martin Tschurl
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie, Chemistry Department & Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Robert N Barnett
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0430, United States
| | - Uzi Landman
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0430, United States
| | - Ueli Heiz
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie, Chemistry Department & Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kozubal J, Heck T, Metz RB. Structures of M +(CH 4) n (M = Ti, V) Based on Vibrational Spectroscopy and Density Functional Theory. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:4143-4151. [PMID: 33961741 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c02217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Photofragment spectroscopy is used to measure the vibrational spectra of M+(CH4)(Ar) and M+(CH4)n (M = Ti, V; n = 1-4) in the C-H stretching region (2550-3100 cm-1). Spectra were measured by monitoring the loss of Ar from M+(CH4)(Ar) and loss of CH4 from the larger clusters. The experimental spectra are then compared to simulations done at the B3LYP/6-311++G(3df,3pd) level of theory to identify the structures of the ions. The spectra all have a peak near 2800 cm-1 due to the symmetric C-H stretch of the hydrogens adjacent to the metal. Some complexes also have a smaller peak due to the corresponding antisymmetric stretch. Most complexes also have a peak near 3000 cm-1 due to the C-H stretch of hydrogens pointing away from the metal. The symmetric proximate C-H stretches of M+(CH4)(Ar) to M+(CH4)4 are red-shifted from the symmetric stretch in bare CH4 by 149, 152, 128, and 107 cm-1 for the titanium complexes and 164, 175, 158, and 146 cm-1, respectively, for the vanadium complexes. In M+(CH4)(Ar) (M = Ti, V), the heavy atoms are collinear. Ti+(CH4)(Ar) has η3 methane hydrogen coordination (∠M-C-H = 180°), while V+(CH4)(Ar) has η2 (∠M-C-H = 124°). The n = 2 complexes have C-M-C linear. Ti+(CH4)2 has C2h symmetry with η3 CH4 while V+(CH4)2 has methane coordination intermediate between η2 and η3 (∠M-C-H = 156°). Both the M+(CH4)3 (M = Ti, V) complexes have C2v symmetry with one methane farther away from the metal in an η2 binding orientation and two methanes close to the metal with a nearly η2 methane for vanadium and coordination between η2 and η3 CH4 for titanium (∠M-C-H = 150°). In Ti+(CH4)4 and V+(CH4)4 all of the methanes have η2 coordination. The titanium complex has a distorted square planar geometry with two different Ti-C bond lengths and the vanadium complex is square planar.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justine Kozubal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Tristan Heck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Ricardo B Metz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Foscue C, Brown H, Walden K, Hession D, Taylor WS, Provorse Long M. Near-Thermal Reactions of Au +( 1S, 3D) and AuX + with CH 3X (X = Br, I): A Combined Experimental and Computational Analysis. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:1696-1710. [PMID: 33616399 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c11007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Reactions of Au+(1S,3D) and AuX+ with CH3X (X = I and Br) were performed in the gas phase by utilizing a selected-ion drift cell reactor. These experiments were done at room temperature as well as reduced temperature (∼200 K) at a total pressure of 3.5 Torr in helium. Rate coefficients, product sequencing, and branching fractions were obtained for all reactions to evaluate reaction efficiencies and higher-order processes. Reactions of both Au+ states proceed with moderate efficiencies as compared to the average dipole orientation model with these neutral substrates. Results from this work revealed that, dependent on the reacting partner, Au+(1S) exhibits, among others, halogen abstraction, HX elimination, and association. By comparison, Au+(3D) participates primarily in charge transfer and halogen abstraction. Dependent on the halogen ligand, AuX+ ions induce several processes, including association, charge transfer, halogen loss, and halogen substitution. AuI+ reacting with CH3Br resulted in association exclusively, whereas the AuI+/CH3I and AuBr+/CH3Br systems exhibited halogen loss as the dominant process. By contrast, all possible bimolecular pathways occurred in the reaction of AuBr+ with CH3I. Observed products indicate that displacement of bromine by iodine on gold is favored in ionic products, consistent with the thermochemical preference for formation of the Au+-I bond. All AuX+ reactions proceed at maximum efficiency. Potential energy surfaces calculated at the B3LYP/def2-TZVPP level of theory for the AuX+ reactions are in good agreement with the available thermochemistry for these species and with previously calculated structures and energetics. Experimental and computational results are consistent with a mechanism for the AuX+/CH3Y systems where bimolecular products occur either via direct loss of the halogen originally on Au or via a common intermediate resulting from methyl migration in which the Au center is three-coordinate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Foscue
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Arkansas, Conway, Arkansas 72035, United States
| | - Hayden Brown
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Arkansas, Conway, Arkansas 72035, United States
| | - Kathryn Walden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Arkansas, Conway, Arkansas 72035, United States
| | - Dayna Hession
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Arkansas, Conway, Arkansas 72035, United States
| | - William S Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Arkansas, Conway, Arkansas 72035, United States
| | - Makenzie Provorse Long
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Arkansas, Conway, Arkansas 72035, United States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhao S, Ma L, Xi Y, Shang H, Lin X. Mechanistic insights into the C–H activation of methane mediated by the unsupported and silica-supported VO 2OH and CrOOH: a DFT study. RSC Adv 2021; 11:11295-11303. [PMID: 35423641 PMCID: PMC8695886 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10785a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The direct activation and conversion of methane has been a topic of interest in both academia and industry for several decades. Deep understanding of the corresponding mechanism and reactivity mediated by diverse catalytic clusters, as well as the supporting materials, is still highly desired. In this work, the regulation mechanism of C–H bond activation of methane, mediated by the closed-shell VO2OH, the open-shell CrOOH, and their silica supported clusters, has been investigated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The hydrogen-atom transfer (HAT) reaction towards methane C–H bond activation is more feasible when mediated by the unsupported/silica-supported CrOOH clusters versus the VO2OH clusters, due to the intrinsic spin density located on the terminal Ot atom. The proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) pathways are regulated by both the nucleophilicity of the Ot site and the electrophilicity of the metal center, which show no obvious difference in energy consumption among the four reactions examined. Moreover, the introduction of a silica support can lead to subtle influences on the intermolecular interaction between the CH4 molecule and the catalyst cluster, as well as the thermodynamics of the methane C–H activation. The support effect of silica was studied with DFT for the C–H bond activation of methane on a V(v) or a Cr(iii) site. Both of the PCET and HAT mechanisms were computationally characterized.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shidong Zhao
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- China University of Petroleum (East China)
- Qingdao
- P. R. China
| | - Lishuang Ma
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- China University of Petroleum (East China)
- Qingdao
- P. R. China
| | - Yanyan Xi
- College of Chemical Engineering
- China University of Petroleum (East China)
- Qingdao
- P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing
| | - Hongyan Shang
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- China University of Petroleum (East China)
- Qingdao
- P. R. China
| | - Xufeng Lin
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- China University of Petroleum (East China)
- Qingdao
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lengyel J, Levin N, Wensink FJ, Lushchikova OV, Barnett RN, Landman U, Heiz U, Bakker JM, Tschurl M. Carbide Dihydrides: Carbonaceous Species Identified in Ta 4 + -Mediated Methane Dehydrogenation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:23631-23635. [PMID: 32966698 PMCID: PMC7814672 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The products of methane dehydrogenation by gas‐phase Ta4+ clusters are structurally characterized using infrared multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD) spectroscopy in conjunction with quantum chemical calculations. The obtained spectra of [4Ta,C,2H]+ reveal a dominance of vibrational bands of a H2Ta4C+ carbide dihydride structure over those indicative for a HTa4CH+ carbyne hydride one, as is unambiguously verified by studies employing various methane isotopologues. Because methane dehydrogenation by metal cations M+ typically leads to the formation of either MCH2+ carbene or HMCH+ carbyne hydride structures, the observation of a H2MC+ carbide dihydride structure implies that it is imperative to consider this often‐neglected class of carbonaceous intermediates in the reaction of metals with hydrocarbons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jozef Lengyel
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Nikita Levin
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Frank J Wensink
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Toernooiveld 7, 6525, ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Olga V Lushchikova
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Toernooiveld 7, 6525, ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Robert N Barnett
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Uzi Landman
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Ueli Heiz
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Joost M Bakker
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Toernooiveld 7, 6525, ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Tschurl
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lengyel J, Levin N, Wensink FJ, Lushchikova OV, Barnett RN, Landman U, Heiz U, Bakker JM, Tschurl M. Carbid‐Dihydride: kohlenstoffhaltige Spezies identifiziert in der Ta
4
+
‐vermittelten Methandehydrierung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jozef Lengyel
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching Deutschland
| | - Nikita Levin
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching Deutschland
| | - Frank J. Wensink
- Radboud University Institute for Molecules and Materials FELIX Laboratory Toernooiveld 7 6525 ED Nijmegen Niederlande
| | - Olga V. Lushchikova
- Radboud University Institute for Molecules and Materials FELIX Laboratory Toernooiveld 7 6525 ED Nijmegen Niederlande
| | - Robert N. Barnett
- School of Physics Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Uzi Landman
- School of Physics Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Ueli Heiz
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching Deutschland
| | - Joost M. Bakker
- Radboud University Institute for Molecules and Materials FELIX Laboratory Toernooiveld 7 6525 ED Nijmegen Niederlande
| | - Martin Tschurl
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wang K, Wang X, Liang X. Synthesis of High Metal Loading Single Atom Catalysts and Exploration of the Active Center Structure. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202001255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaiying Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Missouri University of Science and Technology Rolla MO 65409 USA
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering Dalian Maritime University Dalian 116026 P.R. China
| | - Xinhua Liang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Missouri University of Science and Technology Rolla MO 65409 USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Parker K, Weragoda GK, Canty AJ, Polyzos A, Ryzhov V, O’Hair RAJ. A Two-Step Catalytic Cycle for the Acceptorless Dehydrogenation of Ethane by Group 10 Metal Complexes: Role of the Metal in Reactivity and Selectivity. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Parker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115, United States
| | - Geethika K. Weragoda
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Research Way, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Allan J. Canty
- School of Natural Sciences-Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Anastasios Polyzos
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Research Way, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Victor Ryzhov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115, United States
| | - Richard A. J. O’Hair
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Li W, Wu X, Liu Z, Wu H, Zhang D, Ding X. C/C Exchange in Activation/Coupling Reaction of Acetylene and Methane Mediated by Os +: A Comparison with Ir +, Pt +, and Au . J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:8346-8351. [PMID: 32885973 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The activation and coupling reactions of methane and acetylene mediated by M+ (M = Os, Ir, Pt, and Au) have been comparatively studied at room temperature by the techniques of mass spectrometry in conjunction with theoretical calculations. Studies have shown that Os+ and Ir+ can mediate the activation/coupling reaction of CH4 and C2H2, while Pt+ and Au+ cannot, which could be explained by the number of empty valence orbitals in the metal atom. In addition, there are different competition channels for the reaction mediated by Os+ and Ir+: an expected dehydrogenation and an unexpected C/C exchange. We find that if the rare C/C exchange reaction takes place, there are symmetric carbon atoms in the reaction intermediate and the C/C exchange reaction is favored kinetically. The C/C exchange reaction must be considered, which will affect the yield of the products in the primary reaction. This study shows the molecular-level mechanisms which include the C/C exchange reaction in the activation and coupling reaction of organic compounds mediated by different metals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- School of Mathematics and Physics, North China Electric Power University, Beinong Road 2, Huilongguan, Beijing 102206, China
- Institute of Clusters and Low Dimensional Nanomaterials, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiaonan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zizhuang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hechen Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xunlei Ding
- School of Mathematics and Physics, North China Electric Power University, Beinong Road 2, Huilongguan, Beijing 102206, China
- Institute of Clusters and Low Dimensional Nanomaterials, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zhao YX, Yang B, Li HF, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Liu QY, Xu HG, Zheng WJ, He SG. Photoassisted Selective Steam and Dry Reforming of Methane to Syngas Catalyzed by Rhodium-Vanadium Bimetallic Oxide Cluster Anions at Room Temperature. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:21216-21223. [PMID: 32767516 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Photoassisted steam reforming and dry (CO2 ) reforming of methane (SRM and DRM) at room temperature with high syngas selectivity have been achieved in the gas-phase catalysis for the first time. The catalysts used are bimetallic rhodium-vanadium oxide cluster anions of Rh2 VO1-3 - . Both the oxidation of methane and reduction of H2 O/CO2 can take place efficiently in the dark while the pivotal step to govern syngas selectivity is photo-excitation of the reaction intermediates Rh2 VO2,3 CH2 - to specific electronically excited states that can selectively produce CO and H2 . Electronic excitation over Rh2 VO2,3 CH2 - to control the syngas selectivity is further confirmed from the comparison with the thermal excitation of Rh2 VO2,3 CH2 - , which leads to diversity of products. The atomic-level mechanism obtained from the well-controlled cluster reactions provides insight into the process of selective syngas production from the photocatalytic SRM and DRM reactions over supported metal oxide catalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Xia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Centre of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Bin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Centre of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Fang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Centre of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Centre of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Guang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Centre of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Jun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Centre of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Gui He
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Centre of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhao Y, Yang B, Li H, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Liu Q, Xu H, Zheng W, He S. Photoassisted Selective Steam and Dry Reforming of Methane to Syngas Catalyzed by Rhodium–Vanadium Bimetallic Oxide Cluster Anions at Room Temperature. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan‐Xia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Centre of Excellence in Molecular Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Bin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Centre of Excellence in Molecular Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Hai‐Fang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Yuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Centre of Excellence in Molecular Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Qing‐Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Centre of Excellence in Molecular Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Hong‐Guang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Centre of Excellence in Molecular Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Wei‐Jun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Centre of Excellence in Molecular Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Sheng‐Gui He
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Centre of Excellence in Molecular Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kozubal J, Heck T, Metz RB. Vibrational Spectroscopy of Intermediates and C–H Activation Products of Sequential Zr+ Reactions with CH4. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:8235-8245. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c07027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justine Kozubal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Tristan Heck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Ricardo B. Metz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
Alkanes and [B12X12]2- (X = Cl, Br) are both stable compounds which are difficult to functionalize. Here we demonstrate the formation of a boron-carbon bond between these substances in a two-step process. Fragmentation of [B12X12]2- in the gas phase generates highly reactive [B12X11]- ions which spontaneously react with alkanes. The reaction mechanism was investigated using tandem mass spectrometry and gas-phase vibrational spectroscopy combined with electronic structure calculations. [B12X11]- reacts by an electrophilic substitution of a proton in an alkane resulting in a B-C bond formation. The product is a dianionic [B12X11CnH2n+1]2- species, to which H+ is electrostatically bound. High-flux ion soft landing was performed to codeposit [B12X11]- and complex organic molecules (phthalates) in thin layers on surfaces. Molecular structure analysis of the product films revealed that C-H functionalization by [B12X11]- occurred in the presence of other more reactive functional groups. This observation demonstrates the utility of highly reactive fragment ions for selective bond formation processes and may pave the way for the use of gas-phase ion chemistry for the generation of complex molecular structures in the condensed phase.
Collapse
|
37
|
Li J, Geng C, Weiske T, Schwarz H. Counter‐Intuitive Gas‐Phase Reactivities of [V
2
]
+
and [V
2
O]
+
towards CO
2
Reduction: Insight from Electronic Structure Calculations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202001223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jilai Li
- Institut für Chemie Technische Universität Berlin 10623 Berlin Germany
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry Jilin University 130023 Changchun China
| | - Caiyun Geng
- Institut für Chemie Technische Universität Berlin 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Thomas Weiske
- Institut für Chemie Technische Universität Berlin 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Helmut Schwarz
- Institut für Chemie Technische Universität Berlin 10623 Berlin Germany
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Li J, Geng C, Weiske T, Schwarz H. Counter-Intuitive Gas-Phase Reactivities of [V 2 ] + and [V 2 O] + towards CO 2 Reduction: Insight from Electronic Structure Calculations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:12308-12314. [PMID: 32100908 PMCID: PMC7383893 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202001223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
[V2 O]+ remains "invisible" in the thermal gas-phase reaction of bare [V2 ]+ with CO2 giving rise to [V2 O2 ]+ ; this is because the [V2 O]+ intermediate is being consumed more than 230 times faster than it is generated. However, the fleeting existence of [V2 O]+ and its involvement in the [V2 ]+ → [V2 O2 ]+ chemistry are demonstrated by a cross-over labeling experiment with a 1:1 mixture of C16 O2 /C18 O2 , generating the product ions [V2 16 O2 ]+ , [V2 16 O18 O]+ , and [V2 18 O2 ]+ in a 1:2:1 ratio. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations help to understand the remarkable and unexpected reactivity differences of [V2 ]+ versus [V2 O]+ towards CO2 .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jilai Li
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität Berlin10623BerlinGermany
- Institute of Theoretical ChemistryJilin University130023ChangchunChina
| | - Caiyun Geng
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität Berlin10623BerlinGermany
| | - Thomas Weiske
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität Berlin10623BerlinGermany
| | - Helmut Schwarz
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität Berlin10623BerlinGermany
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zhu X, Xu F, Xing Z, Zhang S, Zhang X. Intermediates detection in the conversion of ethanol to butanol catalyzed by zirconium, cerium, titanium monoxide cations by inductively coupled plasma tandem mass spectrometry. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.104926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
40
|
Li J, Geng C, Weiske T, Schwarz H. On the Crucial Role of Isolated Electronic States in the Thermal Reaction of ReC + with Dihydrogen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:9370-9376. [PMID: 32181571 PMCID: PMC7317438 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202001599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Presented here is that isolated, long‐lived electronic states of ReC+ serve as the root cause for distinctly different reactivities of this diatomic ion in the thermal activation of dihydrogen. Detailed high‐level quantum chemical calculations support the experimental findings obtained in the highly diluted gas phase using FT‐ICR mass spectrometry. The origin for the existence of these long‐lived excited electronic states and the resulting implications for the varying mechanisms of dihydrogen splitting are addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jilai Li
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, 130023, Changchun, China
| | - Caiyun Geng
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Weiske
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Helmut Schwarz
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Li J, Geng C, Weiske T, Schwarz H. On the Crucial Role of Isolated Electronic States in the Thermal Reaction of ReC
+
with Dihydrogen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202001599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jilai Li
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Germany
- Institute of Theoretical ChemistryJilin University 130023 Changchun China
| | - Caiyun Geng
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Thomas Weiske
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Helmut Schwarz
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Germany
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
|
43
|
Wang G, Chen W, Huang L, Liu Z, Sun X, Zheng A. Reactivity descriptors of diverse copper-oxo species on ZSM-5 zeolite towards methane activation. Catal Today 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
44
|
Geng C, Li J, Weiske T, Schwarz H. A Reaction-Induced Localization of Spin Density Enables Thermal C-H Bond Activation of Methane by Pristine FeC 4. Chemistry 2019; 25:12940-12945. [PMID: 31268193 PMCID: PMC6852486 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of the cationic metal-carbon cluster FeC4 + towards methane has been studied experimentally using Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry and computationally by high-level quantum chemical calculations. At room temperature, FeC4 H+ is formed as the main ionic product, and the experimental findings are substantiated by labeling experiments. According to extensive quantum chemical calculations, the C-H bond activation step proceeds through a radical-based hydrogen-atom transfer (HAT) mechanism. This finding is quite unexpected because the initial spin density at the terminal carbon atom of FeC4 + , which serves as the hydrogen acceptor site, is low. However, in the course of forming an encounter complex, an electron from the doubly occupied sp-orbital of the terminal carbon atom of FeC4 + migrates to the singly occupied π*-orbital; the latter is delocalized over the entire carbon chain. Thus, a highly localized spin density is generated in situ at the terminal carbon atom. Consequently, homolytic C-H bond activation occurs without the obligation to pay a considerable energy penalty that is usually required for HAT involving closed-shell acceptor sites. The mechanistic insights provided by this combined experimental/computational study extend the understanding of methane activation by transition-metal carbides and add a new facet to the dizzying mechanistic landscape of hydrogen-atom transfer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caiyun Geng
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jilai Li
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, 130023, Changchun, P. R. China.,Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Weiske
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Helmut Schwarz
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Greis K, Yang Y, Canty AJ, O'Hair RAJ. Gas-Phase Synthesis and Reactivity of Ligated Group 10 Ions in the Formal +1 Oxidation State. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2019; 30:1867-1880. [PMID: 31183840 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-019-02231-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Electrospray ionization of the group 10 complexes [(phen)M(O2CCH3)2] (phen=1,10-phenanthroline, M = Ni, Pd, Pt) generates the cations [(phen)M(O2CCH3)]+, whose gas-phase chemistry was studied using multistage mass spectrometry experiments in an ion trap mass spectrometer with the combination of collision-induced dissociation (CID) and ion-molecule reactions (IMR). Decarboxylation of [(phen)M(O2CCH3)]+ under CID conditions generates the organometallic cations [(phen)M(CH3)]+, which undergo bond homolysis upon a further stage of CID to generate the cations [(phen)M]+· in which the metal center is formally in the +1 oxidation state. In the case of [(phen)Pt(CH3)]+, the major product ion [(phen)H]+ was formed via loss of the metal carbene Pt=CH2. DFT calculated energetics for the competition between bond homolysis and M=CH2 loss are consistent with their experimentally observed branching ratios of 2% and 98% respectively. The IMR of [(phen)M]+· with O2, N2, H2O, acetone, and allyl iodide were examined. Adduct formation occurs for O2, N2, H2O, and acetone. Upon CID, all adducts fragment to regenerate [(phen)M]+·, except for [(phen)Pt(OC(CH3)2)]+·, which loses a methyl radical to form [(phen)Pt(OCCH3)]+ which upon a further stage of CID regenerates [(phen)Pt(CH3)]+ via CO loss. This closes a formal catalytic cycle for the decomposition of acetone into CO and two methyl radicals with [(phen)Pt]+· as catalyst. In the IMR of [(phen)M]+· with allyl iodide, formation of [(phen)M(CH2CHCH2)]+ was observed for all three metals, whereas for M = Pt also [(phen)Pt(I)]+ and [(phen)Pt(I)2(CH2CHCH2)]+ were observed. Finally, DFT calculated reaction energetics for all IMR reaction channels are consistent with the experimental observations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kim Greis
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor Straße 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Allan J Canty
- School of Natural Sciences - Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | - Richard A J O'Hair
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Troiani A, Salvitti C, de Petris G. Gas-Phase Reactivity of Carbonate Ions with Sulfur Dioxide: an Experimental Study of Clusters Reactions. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2019; 30:1964-1972. [PMID: 31286448 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-019-02228-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The reactivity of carbonate cluster ions with sulfur dioxide has been investigated in the gas phase by mass spectrometric techniques. SO2 promotes the displacement of carbon dioxide from carbonate clusters through a stepwise mechanism, leading to the quantitative conversion of the carbonate aggregates into the corresponding sulfite cluster ions. The kinetic study of the reactions of positive, negative, singly, and doubly charged ions reveals very fast and efficient processes for all the carbonate ions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Troiani
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, "Sapienza" University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Chiara Salvitti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, "Sapienza" University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia de Petris
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, "Sapienza" University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Zhao Y, Cui JT, Wang M, Valdivielso DY, Fielicke A, Hu LR, Cheng X, Liu QY, Li ZY, He SG, Ma JB. Dinitrogen Fixation and Reduction by Ta3N3H0,1– Cluster Anions at Room Temperature: Hydrogen-Assisted Enhancement of Reactivity. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:12592-12600. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b03168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Tong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - David Yubero Valdivielso
- Institute for Optics and Atomic Physics, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 and Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - André Fielicke
- Institute for Optics and Atomic Physics, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 and Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lian-Rui Hu
- School of Science, Xihua University, 610039 Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
| | - Zi-Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
| | - Sheng-Gui He
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Bi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081 Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Hao Z, Guo S, Guo L. Mechanisms investigation of the WGSR catalyzed by single noble metal atoms supported on vanadium oxide clusters. Appl Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Hao
- The School of Chemical and Material ScienceShanxi Normal University Linfen 041004 China
| | - Sibei Guo
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan 030001 China
| | - Ling Guo
- The School of Chemical and Material ScienceShanxi Normal University Linfen 041004 China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Selective Activation of the C−H Bond in Methane by Single Platinum Atomic Anions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201903252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
50
|
Liu G, Zhu Z, Ciborowski SM, Ariyarathna IR, Miliordos E, Bowen KH. Selective Activation of the C-H Bond in Methane by Single Platinum Atomic Anions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:7773-7777. [PMID: 30968506 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201903252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometric analysis of the anionic products of interaction between platinum atomic anions, Pt- , and methane, CH4 and CD4 , in a collision cell shows the preferred generation of [PtCH4 ]- and [PtCD4 ]- complexes and a low tendency toward dehydrogenation. [PtCH4 ]- is shown to be H-Pt-CH3 - by a synergy between anion photoelectron spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations, implying the rupture of a single C-H bond. The calculated reaction pathway accounts for the observed selective activation of methane by Pt- . This study presents the first example of methane activation by a single atomic anion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaoxiang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Zhaoguo Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Sandra M Ciborowski
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Isuru R Ariyarathna
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Evangelos Miliordos
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Kit H Bowen
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| |
Collapse
|