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Astone M, Oberkersch RE, Tosi G, Biscontin A, Santoro MM. The circadian protein BMAL1 supports endothelial cell cycle during angiogenesis. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:1952-1968. [PMID: 37052172 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The circadian clock is an internal biological timer that co-ordinates physiology and gene expression with the 24-h solar day. Circadian clock perturbations have been associated to vascular dysfunctions in mammals, and a function of the circadian clock in angiogenesis has been suggested. However, the functional role of the circadian clock in endothelial cells (ECs) and in the regulation of angiogenesis is widely unexplored. METHODS AND RESULTS Here, we used both in vivo and in vitro approaches to demonstrate that ECs possess an endogenous molecular clock and show robust circadian oscillations of core clock genes. By impairing the EC-specific function of the circadian clock transcriptional activator basic helix-loop-helix ARNT like 1 (BMAL1) in vivo, we detect angiogenesis defects in mouse neonatal vascular tissues, as well as in adult tumour angiogenic settings. We then investigate the function of circadian clock machinery in cultured EC and show evidence that BMAL and circadian locomotor output cycles protein kaput knock-down impair EC cell cycle progression. By using an RNA- and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing genome-wide approaches, we identified that BMAL1 binds the promoters of CCNA1 and CDK1 genes and controls their expression in ECs. CONCLUSION(S) Our findings show that EC display a robust circadian clock and that BMAL1 regulates EC physiology in both developmental and pathological contexts. Genetic alteration of BMAL1 can affect angiogenesis in vivo and in vitro settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Astone
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Cancer Metabolism, Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58B, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Roxana E Oberkersch
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Cancer Metabolism, Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58B, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tosi
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Cancer Metabolism, Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58B, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Alberto Biscontin
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58B, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Massimo M Santoro
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Cancer Metabolism, Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58B, 35121 Padova, Italy
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2
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Al-Hakeim HK, Al-Kaabi QJ, Maes M. High mobility group box 1 and Dickkopf-related protein 1 as biomarkers of glucose toxicity, atherogenicity, and lower β cell function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Growth Factors 2022; 40:240-253. [PMID: 36165005 DOI: 10.1080/08977194.2022.2126317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with increased atherogenicity and inflammatory responses, which may be related to high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1). The role of HMGB1 and DKK1 in T2DM is examined in association with lipid and insulin profiles. Serum HMGB1 and DKK1 were measured in T2DM with and without hypertension and compared with controls. The results showed that HMGB1 and DKK1 are higher in T2DM irrespective of hypertension. A large part of the variance in the β-cell index and glucose toxicity was explained by the combined effects of HMGB1 and DKK1. In conclusion, both HMGB1 and DKK1 may contribute to increased atherogenicity in T2DM. Moreover, both biomarkers may cause more deficits in β-cell function and increase glucose toxicity leading to the development of more inflammation and diabetic complications. HMGB1 and the Wnt pathways are other drug targets in treating T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael Maes
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- School of Medicine, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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3
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Sharma S, Behl T, Sehgal A, Singh S, Sharma N, Bhatia S, Al-Harassi A, Bungau S, Mostafavi E. Possible Role of Wnt Signaling Pathway in Diabetic Retinopathy. Curr Drug Targets 2022; 23:1372-1380. [PMID: 35232336 DOI: 10.2174/1389450123666220301110140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The core of impaired vision in working people suffering from insulin-dependent and noninsulin- dependent diabetes mellitus is diabetic retinopathy (DR). The Wnt Protein Ligands family influences various processes; this ensures the cells are able to interact and co-ordinate various mobile functions, including cell growth, division, survival, apoptosis, migration, and cell destiny. The extracellular Wnt signal activates other signals. It is seen that Wnt pathways play an important role in inflammation, oxidative stress, and angiogenesis. It has been illustrated that the canonically preserved Wnt signaling system has a vital role in the homeostasis of adulthood. Developmental disorders in each of these stages will lead to serious eye problems and eventually blindness. There is, therefore, a need to specifically organize and regulate the growth of ocular tissues. In tissue specification and polarities, axonal exhaust, and maintenance of cells, especially in the central nervous system, Wnt/frizzled pathways play an important role. Thus, Wnt route antagonists may act as have been possible therapeutic options in DR by inhibiting aberrant Wnt signals. Elaborative and continued research in this area will help in the advancement of current knowledge in the field of DR, and eventually, this can lead to the development of new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheetu Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- School of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Bidholi, Dehradun, India
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- GHG Khalsa College of Pharmacy, Gurusar Sadhar, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Harassi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
| | - Ebrahim Mostafavi
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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4
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Ebrahim N, El-Halim HEA, Helal OK, El-Azab NEE, Badr OAM, Hassouna A, Saihati HAA, Aborayah NH, Emam HT, El-Wakeel HS, Aljasir M, El-Sherbiny M, Sarg NAS, Shaker GA, Mostafa O, Sabry D, Fouly MAK, Forsyth NR, Elsherbiny NM, Salim RF. Effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes on diabetes-induced retinal injury: Implication of Wnt/ b-catenin signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 154:113554. [PMID: 35987163 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a serious microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus. Mesenchymal stem cells are currently studied as therapeutic strategy for management of DR. Exosomes, considered as a promising cell-free therapy option, display biological functions similar to those of their parent cells. In retinal development, Wnt/b-catenin signaling provides key cues for functional progression. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential efficacy of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (BM-MSCs-Ex) in diabetes-induced retinal injury via modulation of the Wnt/ b-catenin signaling pathway. METHODS Eighty-one rats were allocated into 6 groups (control, DR, DR + DKK1, DR + exosomes, DR + Wnt3a and DR + exosomes+Wnt3a). Evaluation of each group was via histopathological examination, assessment of gene and/or protein expression concerned with oxidative stress (SOD1, SOD2, Nox2, Nox4, iNOS), inflammation (TNF-α, ICAM-1, NF-κB) and angiogenesis (VEGF, VE-cadherin). RESULTS Results demonstrated that exosomes blocked the wnt/b-catenin pathway in diabetic retina concomitant with significant reduction of features of DR as shown by downregulation of retinal oxidants, upregulation of antioxidant enzymes, suppression of retinal inflammatory and angiogenic markers. These results were further confirmed by histopathological results, fundus examination and optical coherence tomography. Additionally, exosomes ameliorative effects abrogated wnt3a-triggered retinal injury in DR. CONCLUSION Collectively, these data demonstrated that exosomes ameliorated diabetes-induced retinal injury via suppressing Wnt/ b-catenin signaling with subsequent reduction of oxidative stress, inflammation and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrine Ebrahim
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Egypt; Stem Cell Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Egypt.
| | | | - Omayma Kamel Helal
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Egypt
| | | | - Omnia A M Badr
- Department of Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Egypt.
| | - Amira Hassouna
- School of Interprofessional Health Studies, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, AUT University, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Hajir A Al Saihati
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hafr Albatin, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Hanan Tawfeek Emam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Egypt.
| | - Hend S El-Wakeel
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Egypt.
| | - Mohammad Aljasir
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohamed El-Sherbiny
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, P.O. Box 71666, Riyadh, 11597, Saudi Arabia; Department of Anatomy, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt.
| | - Naglaa A S Sarg
- Department of Anatomy, Benha Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Egypt.
| | - Gehan Ahmed Shaker
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Ola Mostafa
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Egypt.
| | - Dina Sabry
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Badr University, Cairo 11562, Egypt.
| | | | - Nicholas Robert Forsyth
- Guy Hilton Research Laboratories, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle ST5 5BG, UK.
| | - Nehal M Elsherbiny
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia; Biochemistry department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, 35516, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Rabab F Salim
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Egypt.
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5
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Keren A, Bertolini M, Keren Y, Ullmann Y, Paus R, Gilhar A. Human organ rejuvenation by VEGF-A: Lessons from the skin. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm6756. [PMID: 35749494 PMCID: PMC9232104 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm6756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Transplanting aged human skin onto young SCID/beige mice morphologically rejuvenates the xenotransplants. This is accompanied by angiogenesis, epidermal repigmentation, and substantial improvements in key aging-associated biomarkers, including ß-galactosidase, p16ink4a, SIRT1, PGC1α, collagen 17A, and MMP1. Angiogenesis- and hypoxia-related pathways, namely, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and HIF1A, are most up-regulated in rejuvenated human skin. This rejuvenation cascade, which can be prevented by VEGF-A-neutralizing antibodies, appears to be initiated by murine VEGF-A, which then up-regulates VEGF-A expression/secretion within aged human skin. While intradermally injected VEGF-loaded nanoparticles suffice to induce a molecular rejuvenation signature in aged human skin on old mice, VEGF-A treatment improves key aging parameters also in isolated, organ-cultured aged human skin, i.e., in the absence of functional skin vasculature, neural, or murine host inputs. This identifies VEGF-A as the first pharmacologically pliable master pathway for human organ rejuvenation in vivo and demonstrates the potential of our humanized mouse model for clinically relevant aging research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviad Keren
- Skin Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Marta Bertolini
- Monasterium Laboratory, Skin and Hair Research Solutions GmbH, Münster, Germany
| | - Yaniv Keren
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yehuda Ullmann
- Skin Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ralf Paus
- Monasterium Laboratory, Skin and Hair Research Solutions GmbH, Münster, Germany
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- CUTANEON–Skin & Hair Innovations, Hamburg, Germany
- Corresponding author. (A.G.); (R.P.)
| | - Amos Gilhar
- Skin Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Corresponding author. (A.G.); (R.P.)
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6
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Chen F, Gong X, Xia M, Yu F, Wu J, Yu C, Li J. The Aging-Related Prognostic Signature Reveals the Landscape of the Tumor Immune Microenvironment in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:857994. [PMID: 35619896 PMCID: PMC9127417 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.857994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Numerous studies have shown that the aging microenvironment played a huge impact on tumor progression. However, the clinical prognostic value of aging-related risk signatures and their effects on the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains largely unclear. This study aimed to identify novel prognostic signatures based on aging-related genes (AGs) and reveal the landscape of the TIME in HNSCC. Methods Differentially expressed AGs were identified using the gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). The prognostic risk model of AGs was established by univariate and multivariate Cox regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analyses. The independent prognostic value of the risk model and the correlations of the prognostic signature with immune score, tumor immune cell infiltration, and immune checkpoints were systematically analyzed. Results A prognostic risk model of four AGs (BAK1, DKK1, CDKN2A, and MIF) was constructed and validated in the training and testing datasets. Kaplan–Meier curves and time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis confirmed that the four-AG risk signature possessed an accurate predictive value for the prognosis of patients with HNSCC. Correlation analysis revealed that the risk score was negatively associated with immune score and immune cell infiltration level while positively correlated with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) response score. Patients of the high-risk subtype contained higher infiltration levels of resting natural killer (NK) cells, M0 macrophages, M2 macrophages, and resting mast cells while having lower infiltration levels of memory B cells, CD8+ T cells, follicular helper T cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs), and activated mast cells than did those of the low-risk subtype. The expressions of CTLA4, PDCD1, and TIGIT were downregulated while the PDCD1LG2 expression was upregulated in the high-risk subtype compared to those in the low-risk subtype. Furthermore, the four selected AGs in the risk model were demonstrated to possess important functions in immune cell infiltration and ICB response of HNSCC. Conclusions The aging-related risk signature is a reliable prognostic model for predicting the survival of HNSCC patients and provides potential targets for improving outcomes of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Gong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Wushan County People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Meng Xia
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Yu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaosheng Yu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junzheng Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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7
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Integrated bioinformatic analysis of gene expression profiling data to identify combinatorial biomarkers in inflammatory skin disease. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5889. [PMID: 35393522 PMCID: PMC8989986 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09840-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Selection of appropriate biomarker to identify inflammatory skin diseases is complicated by the involvement of thousands of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) across multiple cell types and organs. This study aimed to identify combinatorial biomarkers in inflammatory skin diseases. From one gene expression microarray profiling dataset, we performed bioinformatic analyses on dataset from lesional skin biopsies of patients with inflammatory skin diseases (atopic dermatitis [AD], contact eczema [KE], lichen planus [Li], psoriasis vulgaris [Pso]) and healthy controls to identify the involved pathways, predict upstream regulators, and potential measurable extracellular biomarkers. Overall, 434, 629, 581, and 738 DEGs were mapped in AD, KE, Li, and Pso, respectively; 238 identified DEGs were shared among four different inflammatory skin diseases. Bioinformatic analysis on four inflammatory skin diseases showed significant activation of pathways with known pathogenic relevance. Common upstream regulators, with upregulated predicted activity, identified were CNR1 and BMP4. We found the following common serum biomarkers: ACR, APOE, ASIP, CRISP1, DKK1, IL12B, IL9, MANF, MDK, NRTN, PCSK5, and VEGFC. Considerable differences of gene expression changes, involved pathways, upstream regulators, and biomarkers were found in different inflammatory skin diseases. Integrated bioinformatic analysis identified 12 potential common biomarkers of inflammatory skin diseases requiring further evaluation.
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8
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Park MH, Shin JH, Bothwell AL, Chae WJ. Dickkopf proteins in pathological inflammatory diseases. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 111:893-901. [PMID: 34890067 PMCID: PMC9889104 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ri0721-385r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The human body encounters various challenges. Tissue repair and regeneration processes are augmented after tissue injury to reinstate tissue homeostasis. The Wnt pathway plays a crucial role in tissue repair since it induces target genes required for cell proliferation and differentiation. Since tissue injury causes inflammatory immune responses, it has become increasingly clear that the Wnt ligands can function as immunomodulators while critical for tissue homeostasis. The Wnt pathway and Wnt ligands have been studied extensively in cancer biology and developmental biology. While the Wnt ligands are being studied actively, how the Wnt antagonists and their regulatory mechanisms can modulate immune responses during chronic pathological inflammation remain elusive. This review summarizes DKK family proteins as immunomodulators, aiming to provide an overarching picture for tissue injury and repair. To this end, we first review the Wnt pathway components and DKK family proteins. Next, we will review DKK family proteins (DKK1, 2, and 3) as a new class of immunomodulatory protein in cancer and other chronic inflammatory diseases. Taken together, DKK family proteins and their immunomodulatory functions in chronic inflammatory disorders provide novel insights to understand immune diseases and make them attractive molecular targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hee Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, 401 College Street., Richmond, VA 23298,Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, 401 College Street., Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Jae Hun Shin
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Alfred L.M. Bothwell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Wook-Jin Chae
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, 401 College Street., Richmond, VA 23298,Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, 401 College Street., Richmond, VA 23298
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9
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Gebetsberger J, Schirmer M, Wurzer WJ, Streif W. Low Bone Mineral Density in Hemophiliacs. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:794456. [PMID: 35186990 PMCID: PMC8849249 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.794456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To review the current knowledge on bone health in patients with hemophilia A and the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms. Data Sources Original research articles, meta-analyses, and scientific reviews. Data Synthesis Already in childhood, patients with hemophilia A are prone to low bone mineral density, leading to osteopenia and/or osteoporosis. Initially associated with the life style of hemophilia, today we are faced with accumulating evidence that coagulation factor VIII is involved directly or indirectly in bone physiology. Conclusion Understanding the role of factor VIII and the mechanisms of decreased bone mineral density in hemophilia A is critically important, especially as non-factor replacement therapies are available, and treatment decisions potentially impact bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Schirmer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinic II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Werner Streif
- Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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10
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Koch PS, Sandorski K, Heil J, Schmid CD, Kürschner SW, Hoffmann J, Winkler M, Staniczek T, de la Torre C, Sticht C, Schledzewski K, Taketo MM, Trogisch FA, Heineke J, Géraud C, Goerdt S, Olsavszky V. Imbalanced Activation of Wnt-/β-Catenin-Signaling in Liver Endothelium Alters Normal Sinusoidal Differentiation. Front Physiol 2021; 12:722394. [PMID: 34658910 PMCID: PMC8511684 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.722394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial wingless-related integration site (Wnt)-/β-catenin signaling is a key regulator of the tightly sealed blood–brain barrier. In the hepatic vascular niche angiokine-mediated Wnt signaling was recently identified as an important regulator of hepatocyte function, including the determination of final adult liver size, liver regeneration, and metabolic liver zonation. Within the hepatic vasculature, the liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) are morphologically unique and functionally specialized microvascular endothelial cells (ECs). Pathological changes of LSECs are involved in chronic liver diseases, hepatocarcinogenesis, and liver metastasis. To comprehensively analyze the effects of endothelial Wnt-/β-catenin signaling in the liver, we used endothelial subtype-specific Clec4g-iCre mice to generate hepatic ECs with overexpression of Ctnnb1. In the resultant Clec4g-iCretg/wt;Ctnnb1(Ex3)fl/wt (Ctnnb1OE−EC) mice, activation of endothelial Wnt-/β-catenin signaling resulted in sinusoidal transdifferentiation with disturbed endothelial zonation, that is, loss of midzonal LSEC marker lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronic acid receptor 1 (Lyve1) and enrichment of continuous EC genes, such as cluster of differentiation (CD)34 and Apln. Notably, gene set enrichment analysis revealed overrepresentation of brain endothelial transcripts. Activation of endothelial Wnt-/β-catenin signaling did not induce liver fibrosis or alter metabolic liver zonation, but Ctnnb1OE−EC mice exhibited significantly increased plasma triglyceride concentrations, while liver lipid content was slightly reduced. Ctnnb1 overexpression in arterial ECs of the heart has been reported previously to cause cardiomyopathy. As Clec4g-iCre is active in a subset of cardiac ECs, it was not unexpected that Ctnnb1OE−EC mice showed reduced overall survival and cardiac dysfunction. Altogether, balanced endothelial Wnt-/β-catenin signaling in the liver is required for normal LSEC differentiation and for maintenance of normal plasma triglyceride levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp-Sebastian Koch
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University and Center of Excellence in Dermatology, Mannheim, Germany.,European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Kajetan Sandorski
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University and Center of Excellence in Dermatology, Mannheim, Germany.,European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Joschka Heil
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University and Center of Excellence in Dermatology, Mannheim, Germany.,European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christian D Schmid
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University and Center of Excellence in Dermatology, Mannheim, Germany.,European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sina W Kürschner
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University and Center of Excellence in Dermatology, Mannheim, Germany.,European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Johannes Hoffmann
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University and Center of Excellence in Dermatology, Mannheim, Germany.,European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Manuel Winkler
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University and Center of Excellence in Dermatology, Mannheim, Germany.,European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Theresa Staniczek
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University and Center of Excellence in Dermatology, Mannheim, Germany.,European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Carolina de la Torre
- Next Generation Sequencing Core Facility, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Carsten Sticht
- Next Generation Sequencing Core Facility, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Kai Schledzewski
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University and Center of Excellence in Dermatology, Mannheim, Germany.,European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Makoto Mark Taketo
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Felix A Trogisch
- European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Joerg Heineke
- European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Cyrill Géraud
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University and Center of Excellence in Dermatology, Mannheim, Germany.,European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Section of Clinical and Molecular Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sergij Goerdt
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University and Center of Excellence in Dermatology, Mannheim, Germany.,European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Victor Olsavszky
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University and Center of Excellence in Dermatology, Mannheim, Germany.,European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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11
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Bahrami A, Moradi Binabaj M, A Ferns G. Exosomes: Emerging modulators of signal transduction in colorectal cancer from molecular understanding to clinical application. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111882. [PMID: 34218003 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small cell derived membrane nano-vesicles that carry various components including lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. There is accumulating evidence that exosomes have a role in tumorigenesis, tumor invasiveness and metastasis. Furthermore, oncogene mutation may influence exosome release from tumor cells. Exosomes may induce colorectal cancer by altering signaling cascades such as the Wnt/β-catenin and KRAS pathways that are involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, dissemination, angiogenesis, and drug resistance. The aim of this review was to overview recent findings evaluating the association between tumor cells-derived exosomes and their content in modulating signaling pathways in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsane Bahrami
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
| | - Maryam Moradi Binabaj
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran.
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex BN1 9PH, UK
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12
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Gozal E, Jagadapillai R, Cai J, Barnes GN. Potential crosstalk between sonic hedgehog-WNT signaling and neurovascular molecules: Implications for blood-brain barrier integrity in autism spectrum disorder. J Neurochem 2021. [PMID: 34169527 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disease originating from combined genetic and environmental factors. Post-mortem human studies and some animal ASD models have shown brain neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and changes in blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity. However, the signaling pathways leading to these inflammatory findings and vascular alterations are currently unclear. The BBB plays a critical role in controlling brain homeostasis and immune response. Its dysfunction can result from developmental genetic abnormalities or neuroinflammatory processes. In this review, we explore the role of the Sonic Hedgehog/Wingless-related integration site (Shh/Wnt) pathways in neurodevelopment, neuroinflammation, and BBB development. The balance between Wnt-β-catenin and Shh pathways controls angiogenesis, barriergenesis, neurodevelopment, central nervous system (CNS) morphogenesis, and neuronal guidance. These interactions are critical to maintain BBB function in the mature CNS to prevent the influx of pathogens and inflammatory cells. Genetic mutations of key components of these pathways have been identified in ASD patients and animal models, which correlate with the severity of ASD symptoms. Disruption of the Shh/Wnt crosstalk may therefore compromise BBB development and function. In turn, impaired Shh signaling and glial activation may cause neuroinflammation that could disrupt the BBB. Elucidating how ASD-related mutations of Shh/Wnt signaling could cause BBB leaks and neuroinflammation will contribute to our understanding of the role of their interactions in ASD pathophysiology. These observations may provide novel targeted therapeutic strategies to prevent or alleviate ASD symptoms while preserving normal developmental processes. Cover Image for this issue: https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.15081.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyne Gozal
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Rekha Jagadapillai
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Jun Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Gregory N Barnes
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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13
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Gozal E, Jagadapillai R, Cai J, Barnes GN. Potential crosstalk between sonic hedgehog-WNT signaling and neurovascular molecules: Implications for blood-brain barrier integrity in autism spectrum disorder. J Neurochem 2021; 159:15-28. [PMID: 34169527 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disease originating from combined genetic and environmental factors. Post-mortem human studies and some animal ASD models have shown brain neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and changes in blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity. However, the signaling pathways leading to these inflammatory findings and vascular alterations are currently unclear. The BBB plays a critical role in controlling brain homeostasis and immune response. Its dysfunction can result from developmental genetic abnormalities or neuroinflammatory processes. In this review, we explore the role of the Sonic Hedgehog/Wingless-related integration site (Shh/Wnt) pathways in neurodevelopment, neuroinflammation, and BBB development. The balance between Wnt-β-catenin and Shh pathways controls angiogenesis, barriergenesis, neurodevelopment, central nervous system (CNS) morphogenesis, and neuronal guidance. These interactions are critical to maintain BBB function in the mature CNS to prevent the influx of pathogens and inflammatory cells. Genetic mutations of key components of these pathways have been identified in ASD patients and animal models, which correlate with the severity of ASD symptoms. Disruption of the Shh/Wnt crosstalk may therefore compromise BBB development and function. In turn, impaired Shh signaling and glial activation may cause neuroinflammation that could disrupt the BBB. Elucidating how ASD-related mutations of Shh/Wnt signaling could cause BBB leaks and neuroinflammation will contribute to our understanding of the role of their interactions in ASD pathophysiology. These observations may provide novel targeted therapeutic strategies to prevent or alleviate ASD symptoms while preserving normal developmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyne Gozal
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Rekha Jagadapillai
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Jun Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Gregory N Barnes
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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14
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Summers ME, Richmond BW, Kropski JA, Majka SA, Bastarache JA, Hatzopoulos AK, Bylund J, Ghosh M, Petrache I, Foronjy RF, Geraghty P, Majka SM. Balanced Wnt/Dickkopf-1 signaling by mesenchymal vascular progenitor cells in the microvascular niche maintains distal lung structure and function. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 320:C119-C131. [PMID: 33085496 PMCID: PMC7846975 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00277.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The well-described Wnt inhibitor Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) plays a role in angiogenesis as well as in regulation of growth factor signaling cascades in pulmonary remodeling associated with chronic lung diseases (CLDs) including emphysema and fibrosis. However, the specific mechanisms by which DKK1 influences mesenchymal vascular progenitor cells (MVPCs), microvascular endothelial cells (MVECs), and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) within the microvascular niche have not been elucidated. In this study, we show that knockdown of DKK1 in Abcg2pos lung mouse adult tissue resident MVPCs alters lung stiffness, parenchymal collagen deposition, microvessel muscularization and density as well as loss of tissue structure in response to hypoxia exposure. To complement the in vivo mouse modeling, we also identified cell- or disease-specific responses to DKK1, in primary lung chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) MVPCs, COPD MVECs, and SMCs, supporting a paradoxical disease-specific response of cells to well-characterized factors. Cell responses to DKK1 were dose dependent and correlated with varying expressions of the DKK1 receptor, CKAP4. These data demonstrate that DKK1 expression is necessary to maintain the microvascular niche whereas its effects are context specific. They also highlight DKK1 as a regulatory candidate to understand the role of Wnt and DKK1 signaling between cells of the microvascular niche during tissue homeostasis and during the development of chronic lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Summers
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Bradley W Richmond
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine or Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jonathan A Kropski
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine or Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Sarah A Majka
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Julie A Bastarache
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine or Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Antonis K Hatzopoulos
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine or Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jeffery Bylund
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine or Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Moumita Ghosh
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Irina Petrache
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Robert F Foronjy
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Patrick Geraghty
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Susan M Majka
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
- Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
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15
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Romero-Garcia S, Prado-Garcia H, Carlos-Reyes A. Role of DNA Methylation in the Resistance to Therapy in Solid Tumors. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1152. [PMID: 32850327 PMCID: PMC7426728 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the recent advances in chemotherapeutic treatments against cancer, some types of highly aggressive and invasive cancer develop drug resistance against conventional therapies, which continues to be a major problem in the fight against cancer. In recent years, studies of alterations of DNA methylome have given us a better understanding of the role of DNA methylation in the development of tumors. DNA methylation (DNAm) is an epigenetic change that promotes the covalent transfer of methyl groups to DNA. This process suppresses gene expression through the modulation of the transcription machinery access to the chromatin or through the recruitment of methyl binding proteins. DNAm is regulated mainly by DNA methyltransferases. Aberrant DNAm contributes to tumor progression, metastasis, and resistance to current anti-tumoral therapies. Aberrant DNAm may occur through hypermethylation in the promoter regions of tumor suppressor genes, which leads to their silencing, while hypomethylation in the promoter regions of oncogenes can activate them. In this review, we discuss the impact of dysregulated methylation in certain genes, which impact signaling pathways associated with apoptosis avoidance, metastasis, and resistance to therapy. The analysis of methylome has revealed patterns of global methylation, which regulate important signaling pathways involved in therapy resistance in different cancer types, such as breast, colon, and lung cancer, among other solid tumors. This analysis has provided gene-expression signatures of methylated region-specific DNA that can be used to predict the treatment outcome in response to anti-cancer therapy. Additionally, changes in cancer methylome have been associated with the acquisition of drug resistance. We also review treatments with demethylating agents that, in combination with standard therapies, seem to be encouraging, as tumors that are in early stages can be successfully treated. On the other hand, tumors that are in advanced stages can be treated with these combination schemes, which could sensitize tumor cells that are resistant to the therapy. We propose that rational strategies, which combine specific demethylating agents with conventional treatment, may improve overall survival in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Romero-Garcia
- Department of Chronic-Degenerative Diseases, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Heriberto Prado-Garcia
- Department of Chronic-Degenerative Diseases, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Angeles Carlos-Reyes
- Department of Chronic-Degenerative Diseases, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
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16
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Cen J, Jia ZL, Zhu CY, Wang XF, Zhang F, Chen WY, Liu KC, Li SY, Zhang Y. Particulate matter (PM10) induces cardiovascular developmental toxicity in zebrafish embryos and larvae via the ERS, Nrf2 and Wnt pathways. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 250:126288. [PMID: 32114347 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM10) is one of the most important indicators of the pollution that characterizes air quality. Epidemiological studies have shown that PM10 can cause cardiovascular-related diseases in the population. And, we studied the developmental toxicity of PM10 and the underlying mechanism of its effects on the cardiovascular system of zebrafish embryo/larva. Changes in cardiac morphology, sinus venosus and bulbus arteriosus (SV-BA) distance, heart rate, vascular subintestinalis, blood flow, returned blood volume, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level were measured, and changes in the expression levels of certain genes were assessed via RT-PCR. The results showed that PM10 caused a significant increase in pericardial sac area and SV-BA distance, a decrease in heart rate, inhibition of vascular subintestinalis growth, blood flow obstruction, reduced venous return, and other cardiovascular toxicities. PM10 induced an increase in the ROS level and significant increases in the expression levels of ERS signalling pathway factors and Nrf2 signalling pathway factors. The expression levels of the Wnt pathway-related genes also showed significant changes. Furthermore, ROS inhibitor N-Acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) could ameliorate the cardiovascular toxicity of PM10 in zebrafish larvae. It is speculated that PM10 may result in cardiovascular toxicity by inducing higher ROS levels in the body, which could then induce ERS and lead to defects in the expression of genes related to the Wnt signalling pathway. The Nrf2 signalling pathway was activated as a stress compensatory mechanism during the early stage of PM10-induced cardiovascular injury. However, it was insufficient to counteract the PM10-induced cardiovascular toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Cen
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Zhi-Li Jia
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, PR China; Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Cheng-Yue Zhu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China
| | | | - Feng Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Wei-Yun Chen
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Ke-Chun Liu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Sai-Yu Li
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China.
| | - Yun Zhang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China.
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17
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Wang LH, Zhang GL, Liu XY, Peng A, Ren HY, Huang SH, Liu T, Wang XJ. CELSR1 Promotes Neuroprotection in Cerebral Ischemic Injury Mainly Through the Wnt/PKC Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1267. [PMID: 32070035 PMCID: PMC7072880 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadherin epidermal growth factor (EGF) laminin G (LAG) seven-pass G-type receptor 1 (CELSR1) is a member of a special subgroup of adhesion G protein-coupled receptors. Although Celsr1 has been reported to be a sensitive gene for stroke, the effect of CELSR1 in ischemic stroke is still not known. Here, we investigated the effect of CELSR1 on neuroprotection, neurogenesis and angiogenesis in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rats. The mRNA expression of Celsr1 was upregulated in the subventricular zone (SVZ), hippocampus and ischemic penumbra after cerebral ischemic injury. Knocking down the expression of Celsr1 in the SVZ with a lentivirus significantly reduced the proliferation of neuroblasts, the number of CD31-positive cells, motor function and rat survival and increased cell apoptosis and the infarct volume in MCAO rats. In addition, the expression of p-PKC in the SVZ and peri-infarct tissue was downregulated after ischemia/ reperfusion. Meanwhile, in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, knocking down the expression of Celsr1 significantly reduced the proliferation of neuroblasts; however, it had no influence on motor function, cell apoptosis or angiogenesis. These data indicate that CELSR1 has a neuroprotective effect on cerebral ischemia injury by reducing cell apoptosis in the peri-infarct cerebral cortex and promoting neurogenesis and angiogenesis, mainly through the Wnt/PKC pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hong Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China; (L.-H.W.); (X.-Y.L.); (A.P.); (H.-Y.R.); (T.L.)
| | - Geng-Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs Ministry of Health and Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250062, Shandong, China;
| | - Xing-Yu Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China; (L.-H.W.); (X.-Y.L.); (A.P.); (H.-Y.R.); (T.L.)
| | - Ai Peng
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China; (L.-H.W.); (X.-Y.L.); (A.P.); (H.-Y.R.); (T.L.)
| | - Hai-Yuan Ren
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China; (L.-H.W.); (X.-Y.L.); (A.P.); (H.-Y.R.); (T.L.)
| | - Shu-Hong Huang
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250062, Shandong, China;
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China; (L.-H.W.); (X.-Y.L.); (A.P.); (H.-Y.R.); (T.L.)
| | - Xiao-Jing Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China; (L.-H.W.); (X.-Y.L.); (A.P.); (H.-Y.R.); (T.L.)
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
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18
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DKK1 is epigenetically downregulated by promoter methylation and inhibits bile acid-induced gastric intestinal metaplasia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 523:780-786. [PMID: 31952791 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.12.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1) is essential to gastric cancer as an inhibitor of Wnt signaling. Gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM) is an important precancerous lesion of gastric cancer that can be activated by bile acid reflux and chronic inflammation. However, the exact mechanism of DKK1 in bile acid-induced GIM has not been completely elucidated. We aimed to explore the epigenetic alterations and biological functions of DKK1 in the development of GIM. In the present study, bile acid was found to induce the expression of intestinal markers in gastric epithelial cells, whereas DKK1 was downregulated in response to bile acid stimulation. The mRNA and protein expression levels of DKK1 were decreased in GIM tissues as evidenced by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining. Surprisingly, the methylation of the DKK1 promoter increased in GIM tissues, and we discovered 28 differential methylation sites of the DKK1 promoter in GIM tissues. Bile acid was able to induce the partial methylation of the DKK1 promoter, while 5-aza could increase DKK1 expression as well as decrease intestinal markers expression in gastric epithelial cells. In conclusion, the promoter methylation and downregulation of DKK1 might play important roles in the development of GIM, especially bile acid-induced GIM.
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19
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Ghardashi-Afousi A, Davoodi M, Hesamabadi BK, Asvadi-Fard M, Bigi MAB, Izadi MR, Gaeini AA. Improved carotid intima-media thickness-induced high-intensity interval training associated with decreased serum levels of Dkk-1 and sclerostin in type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Complications 2020; 34:107469. [PMID: 31706805 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2019.107469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) is a validated surrogate marker of atherosclerosis. Dickkopf-1 (Dkk-1) and sclerostin modulate wingless signaling, which is involved in atherosclerosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether 12 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) would improve cIMT and serum Dkk-1 and sclerostin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS Seventy-four sedentary patients with type 2 diabetes were randomly divided into HIIT and control groups. The HIIT group intervention was 6 intervals (4 min) at 85%-90% HRmax separated by 3 min at 45%-50% HRmax in 3 sessions/week for 12 weeks. Before and after the intervention, cIMT, artery diameter and wall/lm ratio were recorded with high-resolution ultrasound. Serum sclerostin and Dkk-1 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS cIMT decreased significantly in the HIIT group (0.83 ± 0.17 baseline, 0.71 ± 0.14 follow-up) compared to the control group (0.84 ± 0.20 baseline, 0.85 ± 0.19 follow-up) (P < .05). Dkk-1 and sclerostin decreased significantly after 12 weeks of HIIT (P < .01). In addition, VO2peak was increased in the HIIT group than the control group (by 6.2 mL/kg/min) (P < .05). There was a positive correlation between percent changes in cIMT and percent changes in Dkk-1 and sclerostin (both P < .01). Additionally, there were a negative correlation between percent changes VO2peak and cIMT (r = - 0.740, P = .003), Dkk-1 (r = - 0.844, P < .001) and sclerostin (r = - 0.575, P = .001) in HIIT group. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that HIIT decreases cIMT, serum levels of Dkk-1 and sclerostin and improves VO2peak in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Ghardashi-Afousi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Exercise Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, IR, Iran.
| | | | | | - Maryam Asvadi-Fard
- Department of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, IR, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Reza Izadi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Exercise Sciences, University of Shahid Chamran, Ahvaz, IR, Iran
| | - Abbas Ali Gaeini
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Exercise Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, IR, Iran.
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20
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Dickkopf 2-Expressing Adenovirus Increases the Survival of Random-Pattern Flaps and Promotes Vasculogenesis in a Rat Model. Ann Plast Surg 2019; 84:588-594. [PMID: 31800554 DOI: 10.1097/sap.0000000000002109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dickkopf 2 (DKK2) has important roles in vertebrate development; it inhibits Wnt signaling-related processes, such as axial patterning, limb development, somitogenesis, and eye formation. However, DKK2 also acts as a Wnt signaling agonist. Dickkopf 2, induced during endothelial cell morphogenesis, promotes angiogenesis in cultured human endothelial cells. In this study, we explored the effect of DKK2-expressing adenovirus on random-pattern flaps using a rodent model. METHODS A DKK2-expressing (dE1-RGD/DKK2) adenovirus was generated and 20 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: a DKK2 group and a control group. Each group was intradermally injected with 1 × 10 plaque-forming units of DKK2-expressing adenovirus (DKK2 group) or control virus (control group) 48 hours before and immediately before surgery. Then, random-pattern dorsal cutaneous flaps of 3 × 9 cm were elevated. Flap survival rates and cutaneous blood flow were measured over time, and immunohistochemical staining was performed 10 days after surgery to detect CD31 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). RESULTS Immunofluorescence staining confirmed the expression of DKK2 in the DKK2 group. The flap survival rate was higher in the DKK2 group (80.0 ± 4.49%) than in the control group (57.5 ± 4.21%; P < 0.05). Blood flow to the most distal compartment was higher in the DKK2 group than the control group during the early postoperative period. Although vascular density was greater in the DKK2 group, there was no difference in the VEGF concentration between groups. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the present study suggest that the DKK2-expressing adenovirus increases the survival of the random-pattern cutaneous flap independently of VEGF. The administration of the DKK2-expressing adenovirus into elevated skin flaps increased the number of capillaries and blood flow, thereby improving skin flap survival.
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21
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Rogan MR, Patterson LL, Wang JY, McBride JW. Bacterial Manipulation of Wnt Signaling: A Host-Pathogen Tug-of-Wnt. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2390. [PMID: 31681283 PMCID: PMC6811524 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The host-pathogen interface is a crucial battleground during bacterial infection in which host defenses are met with an array of bacterial counter-mechanisms whereby the invader aims to make the host environment more favorable to survival and dissemination. Interestingly, the eukaryotic Wnt signaling pathway has emerged as a key player in the host and pathogen tug-of-war. Although studied for decades as a regulator of embryogenesis, stem cell maintenance, bone formation, and organogenesis, Wnt signaling has recently been shown to control processes related to bacterial infection in the human host. Wnt signaling pathways contribute to cell cycle control, cytoskeleton reorganization during phagocytosis and cell migration, autophagy, apoptosis, and a number of inflammation-related events. Unsurprisingly, bacterial pathogens have evolved strategies to manipulate these Wnt-associated processes in order to enhance infection and survival within the human host. In this review, we examine the different ways human bacterial pathogens with distinct host cell tropisms and lifestyles exploit Wnt signaling for infection and address the potential of harnessing Wnt-related mechanisms to combat infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison R. Rogan
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - LaNisha L. Patterson
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Jennifer Y. Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Jere W. McBride
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
- Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
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Dasatinib ameliorates chronic pancreatitis induced by caerulein via anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory mechanism. Pharmacol Res 2019; 147:104357. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Lee HM, Kwon SB, Son A, Kim DH, Kim KH, Lim J, Kwon YG, Kang JS, Lee BK, Byun YH, Seong BL. Stabilization of Intrinsically Disordered DKK2 Protein by Fusion to RNA-Binding Domain. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112847. [PMID: 31212691 PMCID: PMC6600415 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrinsic disorders are a common feature of hub proteins in eukaryotic interactomes controlling the signaling pathways. The intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are prone to misfolding, and maintaining their functional stability remains a major challenge in validating their therapeutic potentials. Considering that IDPs are highly enriched in RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), here we reasoned and confirmed that IDPs could be stabilized by fusion to RBPs. Dickkopf2 (DKK2), Wnt antagonist and a prototype IDP, was fused with lysyl-tRNA synthetase (LysRS), with or without the fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain of an immunoglobulin and expressed predominantly as a soluble form from a bacterial host. The functional competence was confirmed by in vitro Wnt signaling reporter and tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and in vivo Matrigel plug assay. The removal of LysRS by site-specific protease cleavage prompted the insoluble aggregation, confirming that the linkage to RBP chaperones the functional competence of IDPs. While addressing to DKK2 as a key modulator for cancer and ischemic vascular diseases, our results suggest the use of RBPs as stabilizers of disordered proteinaceous materials for acquiring and maintaining the structural stability and functional competence, which would impact the druggability of a variety of IDPs from human proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Min Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
- Vaccine Translational Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Soon Bin Kwon
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
- Vaccine Translational Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Ahyun Son
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
- Vaccine Translational Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Doo Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, and Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, IBST, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05030, Korea.
| | - Kyun-Hwan Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, and Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, IBST, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05030, Korea.
| | - Jonghyo Lim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Young-Guen Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Jin Sun Kang
- ProCell R&D Institute, ProCell Therapeutics, Inc., Ace-Twin Tower II, Guro3-dong, Guro-gu, Seoul 08381, Korea.
| | - Byung Kyu Lee
- ProCell R&D Institute, ProCell Therapeutics, Inc., Ace-Twin Tower II, Guro3-dong, Guro-gu, Seoul 08381, Korea.
| | - Young Ho Byun
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
- Vaccine Translational Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Baik L Seong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
- Vaccine Translational Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
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Ren C, Gu X, Li H, Lei S, Wang Z, Wang J, Yin P, Zhang C, Wang F, Liu C. The role of DKK1 in Alzheimer's disease: A potential intervention point of brain damage prevention? Pharmacol Res 2019; 144:331-335. [PMID: 31042564 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dickkopf-1 (DKK1), a secretory glycoprotein discovered for 'inducing generation of head', is an endogenous inhibitor of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. It was found to be involved in many pathophysiological processes in vivo. Abnormal expression of DKK1 will alter expressions of related proteins and genes not only in canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway but also in other signaling pathways. Previous studies of DKK1 focused on its function in tumors. In recent years, a large number of studies have shown that it plays an important role in embryonic development, neural regeneration, synaptogenesis and so on. Therefore, its role in neuropsychiatric disorders, such as neurodysplasia, cognitive impairment and emotional disorder, has attracted increasing attention. At present, the role of DKK1 in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the research hot topics. This article reviewed the research progress of its role in AD in order to provide new ideas and directions for further studies on the pathogenesis and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ren
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of Neurology, Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, Shandong Province, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Xinxin Gu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Huihua Li
- Zhenjiang Mental Health Center, Zhenjiang 212000, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Shihui Lei
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Jiahui Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Peiyuan Yin
- Department of Blood Supply, Yantai Center Blood Station, Yantai 264000, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Caiyi Zhang
- Department of Emergency and Rescue Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Fen Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Chunfeng Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, Jiangsu Province, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China.
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25
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Deng F, Zhou R, Lin C, Yang S, Wang H, Li W, Zheng K, Lin W, Li X, Yao X, Pan M, Zhao L. Tumor-secreted dickkopf2 accelerates aerobic glycolysis and promotes angiogenesis in colorectal cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:1001-1014. [PMID: 30867812 PMCID: PMC6401398 DOI: 10.7150/thno.30056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a fundamental process that involves in tumor progression and metastasis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family and their receptors are identified as the most prominent regulators of angiogenesis. However, the clinical efficacy of anti-VEGF/VEGFR therapy is not ideal, prompting the needs to further understand mechanisms behind tumor angiogenesis. Here, we found that Dickkopf associated protein 2 (DKK2), a secretory protein highly expressed in metastatic colorectal cancer tissues, could stimulate angiogenesis via a classic VEGF/VEGFR independent pathway. Methods: DKK2 was screened out from microarray data analyzing gene expression profiles of eight pairs of non-metastatic and metastatic human colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues. Immunofluorescence histochemical staining (IHC) was used to detect the expression of DKK2 and angiogenesis in CRC tissues. Chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay and Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) tubule formation assay was used for in vitro and in vivo angiogenesis study, respectively. Lactate and glucose concentration in the culture medium was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Luciferase reporter assay was used to verify the interaction between miR-493-5p and the 3'UTR of DKK2. Results: DKK2 could stimulate angiogenesis via accelerating the aerobic glycolysis of CRC cells, through which lactate is produced from glucose and accumulated in tumor microenvironment. Lactate functions as the final executor of DDK2 to stimulate tube formation of endothelial cells, and blockage of lactate secretion by lactate transporter (MCT) inhibitors dramatically neutralize the progression and metastasis of CRC both in vitro and in vivo. DKK2 could cooperate with lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6, which is required for glucose uptake, and activated the downstream mTOR signal pathway to accelerate lactate secretion. In addition, the expression of DKK2 is switched on via the demethylation of miR-493-5p, which allows the dissociated of miR-493-5p from the 3'-UTRs of DKK2 and initiates its stimulatory role on CRC progression in an autocrine or paracrine manner. Conclusion: DKK2 promotes tumor metastasis and angiogenesis through a novel VEGF-independent, but energy metabolism related pathway. DKK2 might be a potential anti-angiogenic target in clinical treatment for the advanced CRC patients.
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Chen Y, Zou D, Wang N, Tan T, Liu Y, Zhao Q, Pu Y, Thapa RJ, Chen J. SFRP5 inhibits the migration and invasion of melanoma cells through Wnt signaling pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:8761-8772. [PMID: 30584334 PMCID: PMC6287589 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s181146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Secreted frizzled-related protein 5 (SFRP5) plays a key role in the development and progression of multiple tumors. However, the role and underlying mechanisms of SFRP5 in melanoma cells remain unknown. Materials and methods We used immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis to detect the expression of SFRP5 in melanoma tissues and melanoma cells, respectively. Furthermore, both in vitro and in vivo assays were used to determine the effect of SFRP5 on malignant behavior in melanoma cells. Results We found that SFRP5 was markedly downregulated in melanoma tissues and cell lines. The SFRP5 overexpression exhibited no effect on the proliferation and apoptosis of melanoma cells but markedly suppressed the migration and invasion of melanoma cells in vitro. Regarding mechanisms, the SFRP5 overexpression inhibited the migration and invasion of melanoma cells by suppressing the epithelial–mesenchymal transition process and decreasing the matrix metalloproteinase-2/9 expression through the Wnt signaling pathway. Finally, in a xenograft animal model, we illustrated that the SFRP5 overexpression suppressed the tumor growth by decreasing angiogenesis and declined lung metastasis. Conclusion This study suggests that SFRP5 expression could be potentially useful in the invasion and metastasis of melanoma and serve as a putative promising target for human melanoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangmei Chen
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China,
| | - Daopei Zou
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China,
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Tao Tan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China,
| | - Qing Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China,
| | - Yihuan Pu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China,
| | - Rabin Jung Thapa
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China,
| | - Jin Chen
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China,
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Gao H, Li L, Xiao M, Guo Y, Shen Y, Cheng L, Tang M. Elevated DKK1 expression is an independent unfavorable prognostic indicator of survival in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:5083-5089. [PMID: 30464608 PMCID: PMC6215925 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s177043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE DKK1 is an antagonist of the Wnt signaling pathway that has various roles in human physiology. Notably, aberrant DKK1 expression is observed in several cancers. In this retrospective study, we assessed the association between DKK1 expression levels and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and its prognostic value. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using RNA-seq data from HNSCC tumors (N=520) and adjacent normal tissue (N=44) in The Cancer Genome Atlas, we evaluated DKK1 expression levels. Additionally, we evaluated the association of DKK1 expression levels and pathophysiological features of patients with HNSCC and the value of DKK1 expression for prediction of overall survival (OS). We also explored the correlation between DKK1 expression and methylation of its promoter in HNSCC. RESULTS DKK1 expression was significantly upregulated in HNSCC compared with normal tissues. Moreover, DKK1 expression was significantly associated with smoking, alcohol abuse, sex, human papillomavirus status, tumor site, tumor invasion, and pathologic stage in HNSCC patients. Kaplan-Meier curves showed that high DKK1 expression was correlated with inferior OS. In addition, univariate and multivariate analyses showed that elevated DKK1 expression was an independent prognostic factor for poor OS (HR: 1.85, 95% CI: 1.31-2.62, P<0.001). Regression analysis identified a strong negative correlation between DKK1 expression and methylation of its promoter. CONCLUSION These findings support the hypothesis that elevated DKK1 expression is modulated via methylation of its promoter and indicate that DKK1 expression is a highly informative prognostic biomarker for patients with HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihe Gao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Lisha Li
- Department of Nursing, Ningbo Medical Treatment Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo 315041, People's Republic of China
| | - Mang Xiao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongwei Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo 315040, People's Republic of China,
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixin Cheng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo 315040, People's Republic of China,
| | - Ming Tang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo 315040, People's Republic of China,
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Hong S, Chen S, Wang X, Sun D, Yan Z, Tai J, Bi M. ATAD2 silencing decreases VEGFA secretion through targeting has-miR-520a to inhibit angiogenesis in colorectal cancer. Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 96:761-768. [PMID: 29958090 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2018-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 2 (ATAD2) is involved in various types of cancers, including colorectal cancer. This study aimed to determine the role of ATAD2 in angiogenesis in colorectal cancer. Here, we downregulated ATAD2 expression in HCT116 and SW480 cells, and collected the conditioned medium (CM) from control and ATAD2-silenced cells. The effect of CM on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) was evaluated by using CCK-8, wound healing, tube formation, Western blot, and dual-luciferase reporter assays. Our results showed that the proliferation, migration, and tube formation of HUVEC were reduced in presence of ATAD2-silenced CM, and the levels of phosphorylated vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (P-VEGFR2), CD31, and CD34 were downregulated. Mechanism studies showed that ATAD2 silencing regulated the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and miR-520a. Moreover, we found that miR-520a could bind to ATAD2, and its inhibitor partly reversed the alterations in HUVEC induced by CM from ATAD2-silenced cells. In addition, we demonstrated that miR-520a directly bound to 3'-UTR of VEGFA and inhibited its expression. Collectively, our results indicate that ATAD2 inhibition suppresses VEGFA secretion by increasing miR-520a levels. Our study suggests ATAD2 as a potential therapeutic target for angiogenesis in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Hong
- a Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Si Chen
- a Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Wang
- a Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Sun
- a Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenkun Yan
- b Endoscopy Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiandong Tai
- a Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Miaomiao Bi
- c Department of Ophthalmology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, People's Republic of China
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Kropski JA, Richmond BW, Gaskill CF, Foronjy RF, Majka SM. Deregulated angiogenesis in chronic lung diseases: a possible role for lung mesenchymal progenitor cells (2017 Grover Conference Series). Pulm Circ 2017; 8:2045893217739807. [PMID: 29040010 PMCID: PMC5731726 DOI: 10.1177/2045893217739807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lung disease (CLD), including pulmonary fibrosis (PF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is the fourth leading cause of mortality worldwide. Both are debilitating pathologies that impede overall tissue function. A common co-morbidity in CLD is vasculopathy, characterized by deregulated angiogenesis, remodeling, and loss of microvessels. This substantially worsens prognosis and limits survival, with most current therapeutic strategies being largely palliative. The relevance of angiogenesis, both capillary and lymph, to the pathophysiology of CLD has not been resolved as conflicting evidence depicts angiogenesis as both reparative or pathologic. Therefore, we must begin to understand and model the underlying pathobiology of pulmonary vascular deregulation, alone and in response to injury induced disease, to define cell interactions necessary to maintain normal function and promote repair. Capillary and lymphangiogenesis are deregulated in both PF and COPD, although the mechanisms by which they co-regulate and underlie early pathogenesis of disease are unknown. The cell-specific mechanisms that regulate lung vascular homeostasis, repair, and remodeling represent a significant gap in knowledge, which presents an opportunity to develop targeted therapies. We have shown that that ABCG2pos multipotent adult mesenchymal stem or progenitor cells (MPC) influence the function of the capillary microvasculature as well as lymphangiogenesis. A balance of both is required for normal tissue homeostasis and repair. Our current models suggest that when lymph and capillary angiogenesis are out of balance, the non-equivalence appears to support the progression of disease and tissue remodeling. The angiogenic regulatory mechanisms underlying CLD likely impact other interstitial lung diseases, tuberous sclerosis, and lymphangioleiomyomatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Kropski
- 1 12328 Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Bradley W Richmond
- 1 12328 Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Christa F Gaskill
- 1 12328 Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Robert F Foronjy
- 3 5718 Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Susan M Majka
- 1 12328 Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,2 74498 Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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Han S, Yang X, Pan Y, Qi Q, Shen J, Fang H, Ji Z. L-securinine inhibits the proliferation of A549 lung cancer cells and promotes DKK1 promoter methylation. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:4243-4248. [PMID: 28943934 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
L-securinine is a natural product extracted and isolated from the leaf of dried Securinega suffruticosa. The aim of the present study was to explore the effects of L-securinine on proliferation, and the methylation profile of the dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1) gene in human lung cancer cells and fibroblasts. L-securinine was extracted, isolated and the structure was identified. The cytotoxicity of L-securinine in A549 cells was evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8 assays. The expression and DNA methylation profile of DKK genes was analyzed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and bisulfite sequencing polymerase chain reaction, respectively. L-securinine inhibited the proliferation of lung cancer cells; the half-maximal inhibitory concentration values were 8.92, 4.73 and 3.81 µg/ml, at 24, 36 and 48 h post-treatment, respectively. DKK1, 2 and 3 expression was significantly increased in A549 cells compared with HLF-a cells. L-securinine induced the downregulation of DKK1 in A549 cells in a dose-dependent manner and induced methylation changes at CpG sites in the DKK1 promoter region. L-securinine may be a potential anticancer drug that mediates its effects by altering DKK1 gene methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000, P.R. China
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Oncology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P.R. China
| | - Yuefen Pan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000, P.R. China
| | - Quan Qi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000, P.R. China
| | - Junjun Shen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000, P.R. China
| | - Huifen Fang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoning Ji
- The Cancer Center, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
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Li Y, Qiu SS, Shao Y, Song HH, Li GL, Lu W, Zhu LM. Dickkopf-1 has an Inhibitory Effect on Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Fibroblast Differentiation. Chin Med J (Engl) 2017; 129:1200-7. [PMID: 27174329 PMCID: PMC4878166 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.181974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are bone marrow stem cells which play an important role in tissue repair. The treatment with MSCs will be likely to aggravate the degree of fibrosis. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is involved in developmental and physiological processes, such as fibrosis. Dickkopfs (DKKs) are considered as an antagonist to block Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by binding the receptor of receptor-related protein (LRP5/6). DKK1 was chosen in attempt to inhibit fibrosis of MSCs by lowering activity of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Methods: Stable MSCs were randomly divided into four groups: MSCs control, MSCs + transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), MSCs + DKK1, and MSCs + TGF-β + DKK1. Flow cytometry was used to identify MSCs. Cell viability was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide test. Immunofluorescence was used to detect protein expression in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. Western blotting analysis was employed to test expression of fibroblast surface markers and, finally, real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was employed to test mRNA expression of fibroblast surface markers and Wnt/β-catenin signaling proteins. Results: Cultivated MSCs were found to conform to the characteristics of standard MSCs: expression of cluster of differentiation (CD) 73, 90, and 105, not expression of 34, 45, and 79. We found that DKK1 could maintain the normal cell morphology of MSCs. Western blotting analysis showed that fibroblast surface markers were expressed in high quantities in the group MSCs + TGF-β. However, the expression was lower in the MSCs + TGF-β + DKK1. Immunofluorescence showed high expression of all Wnt/β-catnin molecules in the MSCs + TGF-β group but expressed in lower quantities in MSCs + TGF-β + DKK1 group. Finally, mRNA expression of fibroblast markers vimentin, α-smooth muscle actin and Wnt/β-catenin signaling proteins β-catenin, T-cell factor, and glycogen synthase kinase-3β was significantly increased in MSCs + TGF-β group compared to control (P < 0.05). Expression of the same fibroblast markers and Wnt/β-catenin was decreased to regular quantities in the MSCs + TGF-β + DKK1 group. Conclusions: DKK1, Wnt/β-catenin inhibitors, blocks the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway to inhibit the process of MSCs fibrosis. It might provide some new ways for clinical treatment of certain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Chronic Communicable Disease, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Sang-Sang Qiu
- Department of Infection Management, Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
| | - Yan Shao
- Department of Chronic Communicable Disease, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Hong-Huan Song
- Department of Chronic Communicable Disease, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Gu-Li Li
- Department of Chronic Communicable Disease, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Chronic Communicable Disease, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Li-Mei Zhu
- Department of Chronic Communicable Disease, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
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Salehi H, Amirpour N, Niapour A, Razavi S. An Overview of Neural Differentiation Potential of Human Adipose Derived Stem Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2016; 12:26-41. [PMID: 26490462 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-015-9631-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
There is wide interest in application of adult stem cells due to easy to obtain with a minimal patient discomfort, capable of producing cell numbers in large quantities and their immunocompatible properties without restriction by ethical concerns. Among these stem cells, multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from human adipose tissue are considered as an ideal source for various regenerative medicine. In spite of mesodermal origin of human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs), these cells have differentiation potential toward mesodermal and non-mesodermal lineages. Up to now, several studies have shown that hADSCs can undergo transdifferentiation and produce cells outside of their lineage, especially into neural cells when they are transferred to a specific cell environment. The purpose of this literature review is to provide an overview of the existing state of knowledge of the differentiation potential of hADSCs, specifically their ability to give rise to neuronal cells. The following review discusses different protocols considered for differentiation of hADSCs to neural cells, the neural markers that are used in each procedure and possible mechanisms that are involved in this differentiation.
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Ren K, Zhang W, Wu G, Ren J, Lu H, Li Z, Han X. Synergistic anti-cancer effects of galangin and berberine through apoptosis induction and proliferation inhibition in oesophageal carcinoma cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:1748-1759. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.10.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Upregulation of Dickkopf1 by oscillatory shear stress accelerates atherogenesis. J Mol Med (Berl) 2015; 94:431-41. [PMID: 26607269 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-015-1369-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Numerous clinical studies have highlighted the pivotal role Dickkopf (DKK) 1 plays in atherosclerosis, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. The present study was designed to explore the contribution of DKK1 to the development of atherosclerosis under oscillatory shear stress. Oscillatory shear stress applied to endothelial cells induced DKK1 expression, which peaked at 6 h. siRNA knockdown or silencing DKK1 by lentiviral gene delivery counteracted the increased monocyte adhesion and impaired endothelial tight junction induced by oscillatory shear stress, thereby attenuating atherogenesis in ApoE-/- mice. As well, activation of endothelial proteinase-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) and its downstream transcription factor, cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), was critical to the increased expression of DKK1 under oscillatory shear stress. We provide evidence that DKK1 contributes to the development of atherosclerosis under conditions of oscillatory shear stress. A better understanding of the role played by DKK1 in atherogenesis may provide clinicians with opportunities to prevent atherosclerosis. KEY MESSAGE Disturbed oscillatory flow increases DKK1 expression. DKK1 knockdown attenuates OSS-induced monocyte adhesion and endothelial impairment. Genetic silencing of DKK1 limits atherogenesis in ApoE-/- mice. Activation of the PAR1/CREB pathway contributes to the upregulation of DKK1 via OSS. DKK1 is a promising candidate with respect to the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Tao L, Huang G, Chen Y, Chen L. DNA methylation of DKK3 modulates docetaxel chemoresistance in human nonsmall cell lung cancer cell. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2015; 30:100-6. [PMID: 25760729 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2014.1797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dickkopf-related protein 3 (DKK3) gene, as a tumor suppressor gene, has been discovered in various cancers, but its relationship with tumor chemoresistance is still unclear. In this study, this laboratory detected that DNA methylation contributes to the downregulation of DKK3 in docetaxel resistance of human lung cancer cells and its possible biochemical mechanism. DKK3 has been proved to be downregulated by hypermethylation in docetaxel-resistant lung cancer cells. Upregulation of DKK3 can reverse the chemoresistance of docetaxel-resistant cell lines in vitro by growth inhibition and enhancement of apoptosis. Conversely, downregulation of DKK3 could induce parental human lung cancer cells insensitivity to docetaxel by promoting proliferative capacity and inhibiting apoptosis of cancer cells. In addition, the authors observed that overexpression of DKK3 might decrease the expression of P-glycoprotein. All results suggested that epigenetic downregulation of DKK3 leads to docetaxel resistance in human nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells by increased expression of P-glycoprotein. DKK3 may reveal a novel molecular target for docetaxel resistance for NSCLC patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Tao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University , Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Zhuang GF, Tan Y, Zeng JT, Zhang JW, Tang J, Zeng SP, Qin X. Expression of serum Dickkopf-1 in gastric cancer patients. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2015; 8:870-2. [PMID: 26522305 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2015.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the expression and clinical significance of DKK-1 protein in patients with gastric cancers. METHODS Enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay was used to detect expressions of serum DKK-1 protein in 90 cases of gastric cancers, 50 cases of gastric benign disease and 40 healthy cases. The dynamic change in serum DKK-1 protein of gastric cancer patients who accepted radical operation for a month was also observed. RESULTS The expression of serum DKK-1 protein in gastric cancer groups was significantly higher than that in gastric benign group's (P < 0.01) and in health control (P < 0.01). Serum DKK-1 level was increased gradually along with the progress of the disease. Serum DKK-1 levels were significantly higher in patients at TNM staging III and IV than patients at TNM staging I and II. Level of serum DKK-1 was related to microvascular invasion, differentiation degree and infiltration depth. Level of serum DKK-1 was significantly reduced in patients after radical surgery (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The expression of serum DKK-1 protein in gastric cancer patients is increased. Level of serum DKK-1 is related to TNM staging, microvascular invasion, differentiation degree and infiltration depth. DKK-1 detection can be used as a reference index in monitoring gastric cancer progress and biological behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Feng Zhuang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 5700102, China
| | - Yan Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 5700102, China.
| | - Jun-Tao Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 5700102, China
| | - Jie-Wei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 5700102, China
| | - Jing Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 5700102, China
| | - Shi-Ping Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 5700102, China
| | - Xi Qin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 5700102, China
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Wnt3a Promotes the Vasculogenic Mimicry Formation of Colon Cancer via Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:18564-79. [PMID: 26266404 PMCID: PMC4581260 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160818564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Revised: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study provided evidence that non-canonical Wnt signaling is involved in regulating vasculogenic mimicry (VM) formation. However, the functions of canonical Wnt signaling in VM formation have not yet been explored. In this study, we found the presence of VM was related to colon cancer histological differentiation (p < 0.001), the clinical stage (p < 0.001), and presence of metastasis and recurrence (p < 0.001). VM-positive colon cancer samples showed increased Wnt3a expression (p < 0.001) and β-catenin nuclear expression (p < 0.001) compared with the VM-negative samples. In vitro, over-regulated Wnt3a expression in HT29 colon cancer cells promoted the capacity to form tube-like structures in the three-dimensional (3-D) culture together with increased expression of endothelial phenotype-associated proteins such as VEGFR2 and VE-cadherin. The mouse xenograft model showed that Wnt3a-overexpressing cells grew into larger tumor masses and formed more VM than the control cells. In addition, the Wnt/β-catenin signaling antagonist Dickkopf-1(Dkk1) can reverse the capacity to form tube-like structures and can decrease the expressions of VEGFR2 and VE-cadherin in Wnt3a-overexpressing cells. Taken together, our results suggest that Wnt/β-catenin signaling is involved in VM formation in colon cancer and might contribute to the development of more accurate treatment modalities aimed at VM.
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Jiang SJ, Li W, Li YJ, Fang W, Long X. Dickkopf‑related protein 1 induces angiogenesis by upregulating vascular endothelial growth factor in the synovial fibroblasts of patients with temporomandibular joint disorders. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:4959-66. [PMID: 26239269 PMCID: PMC4581813 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis has an important role in the progression of temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD). The aim of the present study was to explore the association between dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK-1) and angiogenesis in TMD. The expression levels of DKK-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were quantified by an ELISA assay of the synovial fluid from patients with TMD. The correlation between DKK-1 and VEGF was analyzed by Pearson correlation test. Synovial fibroblasts were isolated from patients with TMD and were subsequently treated with recombinant human DKK-1, anti-DKK-1 antibody, hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), or small interfering RNA (siRNA). The expression levels of DKK-1, HIF-1α, and VEGF were subsequently quantified. The present study also investigated the effects of DKK-1 on the migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Increased expression levels of DKK-1 were concordant with increased expression levels of VEGF in the synovial fluid from patients with TMD. In the synovial fibroblasts, DKK-1 increased the expression levels of VEGF, and promoted HIF-1α nuclear localization. In addition, DKK-1 induced HUVEC migration, and HIF-1α siRNA inhibited DKK-1-induced cell migration. The results of the present study indicate that DKK-1 is associated with angiogenesis in the synovial fluid of patients with TMD. Furthermore, HIF-1α may be associated with DKK-1-induced HUVEC activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Jun Jiang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‑MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‑MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Jie Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‑MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P.R. China
| | - Wei Fang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P.R. China
| | - Xing Long
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P.R. China
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Kuipers AL, Miljkovic I, Carr JJ, Terry JG, Nestlerode CS, Ge Y, Bunker CH, Patrick AL, Zmuda JM. Association of circulating sclerostin with vascular calcification in Afro-Caribbean men. Atherosclerosis 2015; 239:218-23. [PMID: 25618029 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sclerostin, a Wingless (Wnt) pathway antagonist, is an established regulator of bone mineralization in humans but its potential importance in the regulation of vascular calcification is less clear. Therefore, our objective was to assess the relationship of serum sclerostin levels with coronary and aortic artery calcification (CAC and AAC, respectively) in Afro-Caribbean men on the island of Tobago. METHODS Serum sclerostin levels and computed tomography of CAC and AAC were measured in 191 men (age mean(SD): 62.9(8.0)years) recruited without regard to health status. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the cross-sectional association of sclerostin with prevalent arterial calcification. RESULTS Mean(SD) sclerostin was 45.2 pmol/L (15.6 pmol/L). After adjusting for risk factors including age, physical and lifestyle characteristics, comorbidities, lipoproteins and kidney function, 1 SD greater sclerostin level was associated with a 1.61-times (95%CI 1.02-2.53) greater odds of having CAC. Sclerostin was not associated with AAC in any model. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to show that, among Afro-Caribbean men, greater serum sclerostin concentrations were associated with prevalence and extent of CAC. Further studies are needed to better define the role of the Wnt signaling pathway in arterial calcification in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison L Kuipers
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Iva Miljkovic
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - J Jeffery Carr
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - James G Terry
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Cara S Nestlerode
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yaorong Ge
- Department of Software and Information Sciences, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Clareann H Bunker
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alan L Patrick
- Tobago Health Studies Office, Scarborough, Tobago, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Joseph M Zmuda
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Zhang Y, Ge C, Wang L, Liu X, Chen Y, Li M, Zhang M. Induction of DKK1 by ox-LDL negatively regulates intracellular lipid accumulation in macrophages. FEBS Lett 2014; 589:52-8. [PMID: 25436422 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Dickkopf1 (DKK1), a canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway antagonist, is closely associated with cardiovascular disease and adipogenesis. We performed an in vitro study to determine whether oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) increased the expression of DKK1 in macrophages and whether β-catenin and liver X receptor α (LXRα) were involved in this regulation. Induction of DKK1 expression by ox-LDL decreased the level of lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) via a Wnt/β-catenin pathway and increased ATP-binding cassette transporter A/G1 (ABCA/G1) levels via a signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway. Lower LOX-1 and higher ABCA/G1 levels inhibited cholesterol loading in macrophages. In conclusion, ox-LDL may induce DKK1 expression in macrophages to inhibit the accumulation of lipids through a mechanism that involves downregulation of LOX-1-mediated lipid uptake and upregulation of ABCA/G1-dependent cholesterol efflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Cheng Ge
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xinxin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yifei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
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Finley SD, Chu LH, Popel AS. Computational systems biology approaches to anti-angiogenic cancer therapeutics. Drug Discov Today 2014; 20:187-97. [PMID: 25286370 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2014.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is an exquisitely regulated process that is required for physiological processes and is also important in numerous diseases. Tumors utilize angiogenesis to generate the vascular network needed to supply the cancer cells with nutrients and oxygen, and many cancer drugs aim to inhibit tumor angiogenesis. Anti-angiogenic therapy involves inhibiting multiple cell types, molecular targets, and intracellular signaling pathways. Computational tools are useful in guiding treatment strategies, predicting the response to treatment, and identifying new targets of interest. Here, we describe progress that has been made in applying mathematical modeling and bioinformatics approaches to study anti-angiogenic therapeutics in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey D Finley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Liang-Hui Chu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Aleksander S Popel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Hu Y, Wan R, Yu G, Shen J, Ni J, Yin G, Xing M, Chen C, Fan Y, Xiao W, Xu G, Wang X, Hu G. Imbalance of Wnt/Dkk negative feedback promotes persistent activation of pancreatic stellate cells in chronic pancreatitis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95145. [PMID: 24747916 PMCID: PMC3991593 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of persistent activation of pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) in the fibrosis associated with chronic pancreatitis (CP) is increasingly being recognized. Recent studies have shown that Wnt signaling is involved in the development of fibrosis in multiple organs, however, the role of specific Wnts in pancreatic fibrosis remains unknown. We investigated the role of Wnt signaling during PSC activation in CP and the effect of β-catenin inhibition and Dickkopf-related protein 1 (Dkk1) restoration on the phenotype of PSCs. CP was induced in mice by repetitive caerulein injection and mouse PSCs were isolated and activated in vitro. The expression of Wnts, β-catenin, secreted frizzled-related proteins (sFRPs) and Dkks was analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR and western blotting. The canonical Wnt signaling pathway was examined by immunofluorescence and western blot detection of nuclear β-catenin expression. The effect of recombinant mouse Dkk-1 (rmDkk-1) on cell proliferation and apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, immunocytochemistry and Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) analysis. The expression of β-catenin, collagen1α1, TGFβRII, PDGFRβ and α-SMA in PSCs treated with different concentrations of rmDkk-1 or siRNA against β-catenin was determined by quantitative RT-PCR and western blotting. Wnt2 was the only Wnt whose expression was significantly upregulated in response to PSC activation, and Wnt2 and β-catenin protein levels were significantly increased in the pancreas of CP mice, whereas Dkk-1 expression was evidently decreased. Nuclear β-catenin levels were markedly increased in activated PSCs, and rmDkk-1 suppressed the nuclear translocation of β-catenin and the proliferation and extracellular matrix production of PSCs through the downregulation of PDGFRβ and TGFβRII. Upregulation of Dkk-1 expression increased apoptosis in cultured PSCs. These results indicate that Wnt signaling may mediate the profibrotic effect of PSC activation, and Wnt2/Dkk-1 could be potential therapeutic targets for CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Wan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ge Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianbo Ni
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guojian Yin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Miao Xing
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Congying Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuting Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenqin Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingpeng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (GH); (XW)
| | - Guoyong Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (GH); (XW)
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhao
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Center, and Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Sherrina H. Patel
- Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Center, and Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Jacqueline Pei
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Center, and Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Kang Zhang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Center, and Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Veterans Administration Healthcare System, San Diego, California
- Corresponding author: Kang Zhang,
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van Wijk XMR, van Kuppevelt TH. Heparan sulfate in angiogenesis: a target for therapy. Angiogenesis 2013; 17:443-62. [PMID: 24146040 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-013-9401-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS), a long linear polysaccharide of alternating disaccharide residues, interacts with a wide variety of proteins, including many angiogenic factors. The involvement of HS in signaling of pro-angiogenic factors (e.g. vascular endothelial growth factor and fibroblast growth factor 2), as well as interaction with anti-angiogenic factors (e.g. endostatin), warrants its role as an important modifier of (tumor) angiogenesis. This review summarizes our current understanding of the role of HS in angiogenic growth factor signaling, and discusses therapeutic strategies to target HS and modulate angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xander M R van Wijk
- Department of Biochemistry (280), Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, PO. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Park H, Jung HY, Choi HJ, Kim DY, Yoo JY, Yun CO, Min JK, Kim YM, Kwon YG. Distinct roles of DKK1 and DKK2 in tumor angiogenesis. Angiogenesis 2013; 17:221-34. [PMID: 24091497 PMCID: PMC3898121 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-013-9390-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tumor angiogenesis is essential for tumor invasive growth and metastasis, and generates abnormal vascular structures unlike developmental neovessel formation. To reduce tumor vascular abnormalities such as leakage and perivascular cell coverage deficiency that limit cancer therapy effectiveness, novel therapeutic approaches focus on vessel normalization. We have previously shown that Dickkopf-1 (DKK1), a Wnt antagonist, inhibits and its homolog DKK2 enhances, angiogenesis in normal tissues. In the present study, we investigated the effects of DKK1 and DKK2 on tumor growth and angiogenesis. Treatment of B16F10 melanoma-bearing mice with adenovirus expressing DKK1 significantly reduced tumor growth but DKK2 increased growth compared with controls. Similar pattern of tumor growth was observed in endothelial-specific DKK1 and DKK2 transgenic mice. Interestingly, tumor vascular density and perfusion were significantly decreased by DKK1 but increased by DKK2. Moreover, coverage of blood vessels by pericytes was reduced by DKK1, while DKK2 increased it. We further observed that DKK1 diminished retinal vessel density and increased avascular area in an in vivo murine model of oxygen-induced retinopathy, whereas DKK2 showed opposite results. These findings demonstrate that DKK1 and DKK2 have differential roles in normalization and functionality of tumor blood vessels, in addition to angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongryeol Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-752 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyei Yoon Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-752 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jung Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-752 Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Young Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-752 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Yoo
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chae-Ok Yun
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Ki Min
- Research Center for Integrative Cellulomics, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Taejon, 305-806 Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Myoung Kim
- Vascular System Research Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-Do 200-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Guen Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-752 Republic of Korea
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