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Lee YJ, Jang YN, Kim HM, Han YM, Seo HS, Eom Y, Song JS, Jeong JH, Jung TW. Stimulation of Alpha-1-Adrenergic Receptor Ameliorates Obesity-Induced Cataracts by Activating Glycolysis and Inhibiting Cataract-Inducing Factors. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2022; 37:221-232. [PMID: 35316888 PMCID: PMC9081306 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2021.1237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity, the prevalence of which is increasing due to the lack of exercise and increased consumption of Westernized diets, induces various complications, including ophthalmic diseases. For example, obesity is involved in the onset of cataracts. METHODS To clarify the effects and mechanisms of midodrine, an α1-adrenergic receptor agonist, in cataracts induced by obesity, we conducted various analytic experiments in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats, a rat model of obesity. RESULTS Midodrine prevented cataract occurrence and improved lens clearance in OLETF rats. In the lenses of OLETF rats treated with midodrine, we observed lower levels of aldose reductase, tumor necrosis factor-α, and sorbitol, but higher levels of hexokinase, 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase-alpha, adenosine 5´-triphosphate, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptordelta, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha, superoxide dismutase, and catalase. CONCLUSION The ameliorating effects of midodrine on cataracts in the OLETF obesity rat model are exerted via the following three mechanisms: direct inhibition of the biosynthesis of sorbitol, which causes cataracts; reduction of reactive oxygen species and inflammation; and (3) stimulation of normal aerobic glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jik Lee
- Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Cellvertics Co. Ltd., Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Laboratory of Genomics and Translational Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Yoo-Na Jang
- Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Cellvertics Co. Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Min Kim
- Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Medical Science, BK21 Plus KUMS Graduate Program, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon-Mi Han
- Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Cellvertics Co. Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong Seog Seo
- Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Cellvertics Co. Ltd., Seoul, Korea
- Department of Medical Science, BK21 Plus KUMS Graduate Program, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youngsub Eom
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-suk Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Woo Jung
- Department of Pharmacology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Kumar CU, Suryavanshi U, Sontake V, Reddy PY, Sankhala RS, Swamy MJ, Reddy GB. Effect of Sorbitol on Alpha-Crystallin Structure and Function. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2022; 87:131-140. [PMID: 35508910 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297922020055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Loss of eye lens transparency due to cataract is the leading cause of blindness all over the world. While aggregation of lens crystallins is the most common endpoint in various types of cataracts, chaperone-like activity (CLA) of α-crystallin preventing protein aggregation is considered to be important for maintaining the eye lens transparency. Osmotic stress due to increased accumulation of sorbitol under hyperglycemic conditions is believed to be one of the mechanisms for diabetic cataract. In addition, compromised CLA of α-crystallin in diabetic cataract has been reported. However, the effect of sorbitol on the structure and function of α-crystallin has not been elucidated yet. Hence, in the present exploratory study, we described the effect of varying concentrations of sorbitol on the structure and function of α-crystallin. Alpha-crystallin purified from the rat lens was incubated with varying concentrations of sorbitol in the dark under sterile conditions for up to 5 days. At the end of incubation, structural properties and CLA were evaluated by spectroscopic methods. Interestingly, different concentrations of sorbitol showed contrasting results: at lower concentrations (5 and 50 mM) there was a decrease in CLA and subtle alterations in secondary and tertiary structure but not at higher concentrations (500 mM). Though, these results shed a light on the effect of sorbitol on α-crystallin structure-function, further studies are required to understand the mechanism of the observed effects and their implication to cataractogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ch Uday Kumar
- Biochemistry Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, 500007, India.
| | | | - Vishwaraj Sontake
- Biochemistry Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, 500007, India.
| | - P Yadagiri Reddy
- Biochemistry Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, 500007, India.
| | | | - Musti J Swamy
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India.
| | - G Bhanuprakash Reddy
- Biochemistry Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, 500007, India.
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Miyashita T, Senshu M, Ibi K, Yamanaka H, Nejishima H, Fukami T, Nakajima M. Evaluation of lens opacity due to inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis using rat lens explant cultures. Toxicology 2022; 465:153064. [PMID: 34890705 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.153064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Drug-induced lens opacity has the potential to cause blindness and is of concern in drug development. Inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis is one of the causes of lens opacity. Lens opacity is only observed after chronic administration in in vivo nonclinical studies in drug development. Thus, to save resources (e.g., time and cost) and to reduce burden on animals, it is required to develop in vitro evaluation systems that can predict and avoid the risk of lens opacity earlier and easier. In this study, we investigated whether rat lens explant cultures could be useful for the evaluation of drug-induced lens opacity via inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis. Nineteen drugs, including statins, allylamine, thiocarbamate, azole, and morpholine, which inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis, as well as a negative control (acetaminophen, rosiglitazone and troglitazone), were used. Rat lens explants were treated with drugs for 13 days at concentrations close to IC50 values or higher against cholesterol biosynthesis, and lens opacity (severity and region) was evaluated. In most cases, region-specific lens opacity limited in the equator to posterior pole, as observed in vivo was observed at IC50 values or higher concentrations. The severity of opacity was likely to be related to the inhibitory potency toward cholesterol biosynthesis, concentration of drugs distributed in the lens, or time of exposure. Furthermore, GSH levels were also involved in the deterioration of lens opacity. In conclusion, we demonstrated that rat lens explant cultures can be useful to assess the potential drug-induced lens opacity associated with inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis and to elucidate the mechanisms of lens opacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taishi Miyashita
- Pharmacokinetics and Safety Department, Drug Research Center, Kaken Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 301, Gensuke, Fujieda, Shizuoka 426-8646, Japan; Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Masanori Senshu
- Pharmacokinetics and Safety Department, Drug Research Center, Kaken Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 301, Gensuke, Fujieda, Shizuoka 426-8646, Japan
| | - Kanata Ibi
- Pharmacokinetics and Safety Department, Drug Research Center, Kaken Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 301, Gensuke, Fujieda, Shizuoka 426-8646, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamanaka
- Pharmacokinetics and Safety Department, Drug Research Center, Kaken Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 301, Gensuke, Fujieda, Shizuoka 426-8646, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nejishima
- Pharmacokinetics and Safety Department, Drug Research Center, Kaken Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 301, Gensuke, Fujieda, Shizuoka 426-8646, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Fukami
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Miki Nakajima
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
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4
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Potnuri AG, Reddy KP, Suresh P, Husain GM, Kazmi MH, Harishankar N. Obesity Potentiates the Risk of Drug-Induced Long QT Syndrome - Preliminary Evidence from WNIN/Ob Spontaneously Obese Rat. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2021; 21:848-858. [PMID: 34302627 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-021-09675-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Drug-induced long QT syndrome (DI-LQTS) is fatal and known to have a higher incidence in women rather than in men. Multiple risk factors potentiate the incidence of DI-LQTS, but the actual contribution of obesity remains largely unexplored. Correspondingly, the present study is aimed to evaluate the susceptibility of DI-LQTS in WNIN/Ob rat in comparison with its lean counterpart using 3-lead electrocardiography. Four- and eight-month-old female WNIN/Ob and their lean controls were used for the experimentation. Non-invasive blood pressure measurement and total body electric conductivity (TOBEC) analysis were carried out. After the baseline evaluations, animals were anesthetized with Ketamine (50 mg/kg). Haloperidol (12.5 mg/kg single dose) was administered intraperitoneally and ECG was taken at 0, 10, 20, 30, 60 min, and 24 h time points. Myocardial lystes were used to assess the BNP, protein carbonylation, and hydroxyproline content. Adiposity, as assessed by TOBEC, is higher in obese rats with elevated mean arterial blood pressure. Baseline-corrected QT interval (QTc) is significantly higher in the obese rat with a wider QRS complex. The incidence of PVC and VT are more intense in the obese rat. Haloperidol-induced QT prolongation in obese rats was rapidly induced than in lean, which was observed to remain till 24 h in obese groups while normalized in lean controls. Higher levels of BNP, protein carbonylation, hydroxyproline content, and relative heart weights indicated the presence of cardiac hypertrophy. The study provides preliminary evidence that obesity can be a potential risk factor for DI-LQTS with faster onset and longer subsistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Godwin Potnuri
- Department of Animal Physiology and Pharmacology, ICMR- National Animal Resource Facility for Biomedical Research, Genome Valley, Shamirpet, Hyderabad, 500101, India
| | - Kallamadi Prathap Reddy
- Animal Facility, ICMR- National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai Osmania, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Pothani Suresh
- Department of Animal Physiology and Pharmacology, ICMR- National Animal Resource Facility for Biomedical Research, Genome Valley, Shamirpet, Hyderabad, 500101, India
| | - Gulam Mohammed Husain
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, National Research Institute of Unani Medicinefor Skin Disorders, Hyderabad, 500038, India
| | - Munawwar Husain Kazmi
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, National Research Institute of Unani Medicinefor Skin Disorders, Hyderabad, 500038, India
| | - Nemani Harishankar
- Animal Facility, ICMR- National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai Osmania, Hyderabad, 500007, India.
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5
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Godisela KK, Reddy SS, Reddy PY, Kumar CU, Reddy VS, Ayyagari R, Reddy GB. Role of sorbitol-mediated cellular stress response in obesity-associated retinal degeneration. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 679:108207. [PMID: 31760123 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.108207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Obesity is a global health problem associated with several diseases including ocular complications. Earlier we reported progressive retinal degeneration because of obesity in a spontaneous obese rat (WNIN/Ob) model. In the current study, we examined the molecular mechanisms leading to retinal degeneration in WNIN/Ob rat. METHODS Sorbitol was estimated by the fluorometric method in the retina of WNIN/Ob rats at different age (3-, 6- and 12- months), along with their respective lean rats. Immunoblotting was performed in the retina to assess the status of the insulin signaling pathway, ER stress and cellular stress (p38MAPK and ERK1/2). Human SK-N-SH cells were treated with 0.5 and 1.0 M sorbitol for 30 min to study insulin signaling, ER stress, and cellular stress. TUNEL assay was done to measure apoptosis. The retinal function in the rats was determined by electroretinogram. RESULTS A gradual but significantly higher intracellular sorbitol accumulation was observed in the retina of obese rats from 3- to 12-months. The cellular osmotic stress has activated the insulin signaling mechanism without activating AKT and also triggered ER stress. Both the stresses activated the ERK and p38MAPK signaling causing apoptosis in the retina leading to retinal degeneration. Retinal dysfunction was confirmed by altered scotopic and photopic electroretinogram responses. These in vivo results were mimicked in SK-N-SH cells when exposed to sorbitol in vitro. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest cellular stress due to sorbitol accumulation impairing the ER function, thereby leading to progressive retinal degeneration under obese conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishore K Godisela
- Biochemistry Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - P Yadagiri Reddy
- Biochemistry Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ch Uday Kumar
- Biochemistry Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - V Sudhakar Reddy
- Biochemistry Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - Radha Ayyagari
- Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Aleo MD, Doshna CM, Baltrukonis D, Fortner JH, Drupa CA, Navetta KA, Fritz CA, Potter DM, Verdugo ME, Beierschmitt WP. Lens cholesterol biosynthesis inhibition: A common mechanism of cataract formation in laboratory animals by pharmaceutical products. J Appl Toxicol 2019; 39:1348-1361. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jay H. Fortner
- Comparative Medicine, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development Groton Connecticut
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Abstract
Glucose in our body is maintained within a narrow range by the humoral control and a 'lipostat' system regulated by leptin from adipose tissues, which keep our accumulated fat stores in check. Any disturbance in this delicately poised homeostasis could be disastrous as it can lead to obesity and its associated metabolic manifestations. Laboratory animals, especially rodents, have contributed to our knowledge in understanding this physiological mechanism through an array of genetic and non-genetic animals developed over the years. Two rat mutant obese models-Wistar inbred at National Institute of Nutrition (WNIN)/Ob-obese rats with normal glucose levels and WNIN/GR-Ob-obese with impaired glucose tolerance were developed in the National Centre for Laboratory Animal Sciences (Now ICMR-National Animal Resource Facility for Biomedical Research) at Hyderabad, India. These animals are unique, as, unlike the earlier models, they show all types of degenerative disorders associated with obesity, within a single system. Thus they show impairment in all the major organs of the body - liver, pancreas, kidney, bones, muscles, gonads, brain, eyes, and are sensitive to diet manipulations, have compromised immunity, often develop tumours and have reduced life span. One may argue that there are limitations to one's interpretations from animal studies to human application, but then one cannot shut one's eyes to the new lessons they have taught us in modifying our life styles.
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Affiliation(s)
- N.V. Giridharan
- ICMR-National Animal Resource Facility for Biomedical Research, Hyderabad, India
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8
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Differential response of rat strains to obesogenic diets underlines the importance of genetic makeup of an individual towards obesity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9162. [PMID: 28831087 PMCID: PMC5567335 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09149-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, a multifactorial disorder, results from a chronic imbalance of energy intake vs. expenditure. Apart from excessive consumption of high calorie diet, genetic predisposition also seems to be equally important for the development of obesity. However, the role of genetic predisposition in the etiology of obesity has not been clearly delineated. The present study addresses this problem by selecting three rat strains (WNIN, F-344, SD) with different genetic backgrounds and exposing them to high calorie diets. Rat strains were fed HF, HS, and HFS diets and assessed for physical, metabolic, biochemical, inflammatory responses, and mRNA expression. Under these conditions: significant increase in body weight, visceral adiposity, oxidative stress and systemic pro-inflammatory status; the hallmarks of central obesity were noticed only in WNIN. Further, they developed altered glucose and lipid homeostasis by exhibiting insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, dyslipidemia and fatty liver condition. The present study demonstrates that WNIN is more prone to develop obesity and associated co-morbidities under high calorie environment. It thus underlines the cumulative role of genetics (nature) and diet (nurture) towards the development of obesity, which is critical for understanding this epidemic and devising new strategies to control and manage this modern malady.
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Mohammadi SF, Afarideh M, Mehrjardi HZ, Mirhadi S. Obesity and Density of the Crystalline Lens: Revisiting a Growing Dilemma. Biomed Hub 2017; 2:1-8. [PMID: 31988899 PMCID: PMC6945933 DOI: 10.1159/000454979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Obesity is believed to accelerate age-related cataractogenesis through various biomechanisms. On the contrary, there are also studies advocating the protective role of obesity against the cataract formation process. We investigate the correlation of body mass index (BMI) as a measure for obesity with crystalline optical lens density and opacity in a healthy adult population. Methods In a cross-sectional setting, 93 consecutive disease-free adult individuals who were working staff of a university-based hospital were assessed for the association between crystalline lens density and opalescence [measured by the objective Pentacam HR lens densitometry and subjective Lens Opacity Classification System III (LOCS III), respectively] with the degree of obesity as defined by BMI. Results LOCS III and crystalline lens density readings were positively correlated [Spearman rho CC (p value) = 0.224 (0.034)]. However, we found neither LOCS III nor crystalline lens density to be correlated with BMI [Spearman rho CC = -0.008 (p = 0.943) and -0.062 (p = 0.560), respectively]. Conclusions Results from the present study indicate a lack of association between obesity and densitometry of the crystalline in the adult population group. Further studies are required to confirm the order of causality and pathogenesis of this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed-Farzad Mohammadi
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Afarideh
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Z Mehrjardi
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Mirhadi
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Jayaratne SK, Donaldson PJ, Vickers MH, Lim JC. The Effects of Maternal Under-Nutrition and a Post-Natal High Fat Diet on Lens Growth, Transparency and Oxidative Defense Systems in Rat Offspring. Curr Eye Res 2016; 42:589-599. [PMID: 27613228 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2016.1214969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE A poor early life nutrition environment is well established to result in a range of cardiometabolic disorders in offspring in later life. These effects can be exacerbated via exposure to an obesogenic dietary environment. To date, the effect of maternal diet and/or a post-natal obesogenic nutritional environment on key characteristics related to lens growth and oxidative stress has not been undertaken. The present study, therefore, examined the characteristics and oxidative status of the lens. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using a model of moderate maternal under-nutrition, rat dams were fed either a control diet (100% ad libitum, CON) or undernourished throughout pregnancy (50% of ad libitum intake, UN) and offspring fed either a control (5% fat, C) or high fat (30% fat, HF) diet post-weaning, resulting in four nutritional groups; CON-C, CON-HF, UN-C, and UN-HF. Offspring lenses were extracted at 160 days of age, weighed, imaged under dark and bright field microscopy, and then dissected into cortical and core fractions for biochemical analyses of oxidative stress markers. RESULTS Our findings reveal that lenses from all groups were transparent. However, gender specific changes were evident at the biochemical level with increased oxidative stress detected in the cortex and core of female but not male UN-C lenses, and in the cortex of male but not female CON-HF lenses. The greatest increase in oxidative stress was detected in the UN-HF group in the cortex and core regions of the lens and for both genders. CONCLUSIONS These findings show that oxidative stress is exacerbated in the lens as a result of a combination of altered pre-natal and post-natal diet. This demonstrates a novel interaction between the two developmental windows and warrants further investigations toward devising appropriate nutritional strategies for minimizing oxidative stress in the lens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachini K Jayaratne
- a Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences , University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand.,b NZ National Eye Centre , University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand.,c School of Medical Sciences , University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Paul J Donaldson
- a Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences , University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand.,b NZ National Eye Centre , University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand.,c School of Medical Sciences , University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Mark H Vickers
- d Liggins Institute , University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Julie C Lim
- a Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences , University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand.,b NZ National Eye Centre , University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand.,c School of Medical Sciences , University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
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Amelioration of neuronal cell death in a spontaneous obese rat model by dietary restriction through modulation of ubiquitin proteasome system. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 33:73-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 01/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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12
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Evaluation of neonatal streptozotocin induced diabetic rat model for the development of cataract. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014; 2014:463264. [PMID: 25505935 PMCID: PMC4253707 DOI: 10.1155/2014/463264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) generally follows prediabetes (PD) conditions such as impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and/or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Although studies reported an association of IGT or IFG with cataract, the experimental basis for PD associated cataract is not known. Hence, we evaluated neonatal streptozotocin (nSTZ) induced rat model to study PD associated cataractogenesis by injecting STZ to two-day old rats. While majority (70%) of nSTZ injected pups developed IGT (nSTZ-PD) by two months but not cataract even after seven months, remaining (30%) nSTZ rats developed hyperglycemia (nSTZ-D) by two months and mature cataract by seven months. Lens biochemical analysis indicated increased oxidative stress as indicated by increased SOD activity, lipid peroxidation, and protein carbonyl levels in nSTZ-D cataractous lens. There was also increased polyol pathway as assessed by aldose reductase activity and sorbitol levels. Though nSTZ-PD animals have not shown any signs of lenticular opacity, insolubilization of proteins along with enhanced polyol pathway was observed in the lens. Further there was increased oxidative stress in lens of IGT animals. These results suggest that oxidative stress along with increased polyol pathway might play a role in IGT-associated lens abnormalities. In conclusion, nSTZ-PD rat model could aid to investigate IGT-associated lens abnormalities.
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Reddy SS, Shruthi K, Reddy VS, Raghu G, Suryanarayana P, Giridharan N, Reddy GB. Altered ubiquitin-proteasome system leads to neuronal cell death in a spontaneous obese rat model. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1840:2924-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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