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Erenpreisa J, Vainshelbaum NM, Lazovska M, Karklins R, Salmina K, Zayakin P, Rumnieks F, Inashkina I, Pjanova D, Erenpreiss J. The Price of Human Evolution: Cancer-Testis Antigens, the Decline in Male Fertility and the Increase in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11660. [PMID: 37511419 PMCID: PMC10380301 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing frequency of general and particularly male cancer coupled with the reduction in male fertility seen worldwide motivated us to seek a potential evolutionary link between these two phenomena, concerning the reproductive transcriptional modules observed in cancer and the expression of cancer-testis antigens (CTA). The phylostratigraphy analysis of the human genome allowed us to link the early evolutionary origin of cancer via the reproductive life cycles of the unicellulars and early multicellulars, potentially driving soma-germ transition, female meiosis, and the parthenogenesis of polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs), with the expansion of the CTA multi-families, very late during their evolution. CTA adaptation was aided by retrovirus domestication in the unstable genomes of mammals, for protecting male fertility in stress conditions, particularly that of humans, as compensation for the energy consumption of a large complex brain which also exploited retrotransposition. We found that the early and late evolutionary branches of human cancer are united by the immunity-proto-placental network, which evolved in the Cambrian and shares stress regulators with the finely-tuned sex determination system. We further propose that social stress and endocrine disruption caused by environmental pollution with organic materials, which alter sex determination in male foetuses and further spermatogenesis in adults, bias the development of PGCC-parthenogenetic cancer by default.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marija Lazovska
- Molecular Genetics Scientific Laboratory, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema 16, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Roberts Karklins
- Molecular Genetics Scientific Laboratory, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema 16, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Kristine Salmina
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites 1-1k, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia
| | - Pawel Zayakin
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites 1-1k, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia
| | - Felikss Rumnieks
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites 1-1k, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia
| | - Inna Inashkina
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites 1-1k, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia
| | - Dace Pjanova
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites 1-1k, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia
- Molecular Genetics Scientific Laboratory, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema 16, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Juris Erenpreiss
- Molecular Genetics Scientific Laboratory, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema 16, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
- Clinic iVF-Riga, Zala 1, LV-1010 Riga, Latvia
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Lacroix B, Dumont J. Spatial and Temporal Scaling of Microtubules and Mitotic Spindles. Cells 2022; 11:cells11020248. [PMID: 35053364 PMCID: PMC8774166 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
During cell division, the mitotic spindle, a macromolecular structure primarily comprised of microtubules, drives chromosome alignment and partitioning between daughter cells. Mitotic spindles can sense cellular dimensions in order to adapt their length and mass to cell size. This scaling capacity is particularly remarkable during early embryo cleavage when cells divide rapidly in the absence of cell growth, thus leading to a reduction of cell volume at each division. Although mitotic spindle size scaling can occur over an order of magnitude in early embryos, in many species the duration of mitosis is relatively short, constant throughout early development and independent of cell size. Therefore, a key challenge for cells during embryo cleavage is not only to assemble a spindle of proper size, but also to do it in an appropriate time window which is compatible with embryo development. How spatial and temporal scaling of the mitotic spindle is achieved and coordinated with the duration of mitosis remains elusive. In this review, we will focus on the mechanisms that support mitotic spindle spatial and temporal scaling over a wide range of cell sizes and cellular contexts. We will present current models and propose alternative mechanisms allowing cells to spatially and temporally coordinate microtubule and mitotic spindle assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Lacroix
- Centre de Recherche de Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), CNRS UMR 5237, Université de Montpellier, 1919 Route de Mende, CEDEX 5, 34293 Montpellier, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Julien Dumont
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75013 Paris, France;
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Bronchain O, Philippe-Caraty L, Anquetil V, Ciapa B. Precise regulation of presenilin expression is required for sea urchin early development. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs258382. [PMID: 34313316 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Presenilins (PSENs) are widely expressed across eukaryotes. Two PSENs are expressed in humans, where they play a crucial role in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Each PSEN can be part of the γ-secretase complex, which has multiple substrates, including Notch and amyloid-β precursor protein (AβPP) - the source of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides that compose the senile plaques during AD. PSENs also interact with various proteins independently of their γ-secretase activity. They can then be involved in numerous cellular functions, which makes their role in a given cell and/or organism complex to decipher. We have established the Paracentrotus lividus sea urchin embryo as a new model to study the role of PSEN. In the sea urchin embryo, the PSEN gene is present in unduplicated form and encodes a protein highly similar to human PSENs. Our results suggest that PSEN expression must be precisely tuned to control the course of the first mitotic cycles and the associated intracellular Ca2+ transients, the execution of gastrulation and, probably in association with ciliated cells, the establishment of the pluteus. We suggest that it would be relevant to study the role of PSEN within the gene regulatory network deciphered in the sea urchin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odile Bronchain
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Laetitia Philippe-Caraty
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Vincent Anquetil
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau (ICM), F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Brigitte Ciapa
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
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Sharma S, Rikhy R. Spatiotemporal recruitment of RhoGTPase protein GRAF inhibits actomyosin ring constriction in Drosophila cellularization. eLife 2021; 10:63535. [PMID: 33835025 PMCID: PMC8081525 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Actomyosin contractility is regulated by Rho-GTP in cell migration, cytokinesis and morphogenesis in embryo development. Whereas Rho activation by Rho-GTP exchange factor (GEF), RhoGEF2, is well known in actomyosin contractility during cytokinesis at the base of invaginating membranes in Drosophila cellularization, Rho inhibition by RhoGTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) remains to be studied. We have found that the RhoGAP, GRAF, inhibits actomyosin contractility during cellularization. GRAF is enriched at the cleavage furrow tip during actomyosin assembly and initiation of ring constriction. Graf depletion shows increased Rho-GTP, increased Myosin II and ring hyper constriction dependent upon the loss of the RhoGTPase domain. GRAF and RhoGEF2 are present in a balance for appropriate activation of actomyosin ring constriction. RhoGEF2 depletion and abrogation of Myosin II activation in Rho kinase mutants suppress the Graf hyper constriction defect. Therefore, GRAF recruitment restricts Rho-GTP levels in a spatiotemporal manner for inhibiting actomyosin contractility during cellularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Sharma
- Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, India
| | - Richa Rikhy
- Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, India
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Duro J, Nilsson J. SAC during early cell divisions: Sacrificing fidelity over timely division, regulated differently across organisms: Chromosome alignment and segregation are left unsupervised from the onset of development until checkpoint activity is acquired, varying from species to species. Bioessays 2020; 43:e2000174. [PMID: 33251610 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Early embryogenesis is marked by a frail Spindle Assembly Checkpoint (SAC). The time of SAC acquisition varies depending on the species, cell size or a yet to be uncovered developmental timer. This means that for a specific number of divisions, biorientation of sister chromatids occurs unsupervised. When error-prone segregation is an issue, an aneuploidy-selective apoptosis system can come into play to eliminate chromosomally unbalanced cells resulting in healthy newborns. However, aneuploidy content can be too great to overcome, endangering viability. SAC generates a diffusible signal to lengthen time spent in mitosis if needed, ensuring correct chromosome segregation, a fundamental factor in the generation of euploid cells. Thus, it remains puzzling what benefit could come from delaying SAC acquisition till later in the development. In this review, we describe what is known on SAC acquisition in distinct species and highlight pending research as well as potential applications for such knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Duro
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob Nilsson
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark
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He YT, Yang LL, Zhao Y, Shen W, Yin S, Sun QY. Fenoxaprop-ethyl affects mouse oocyte quality and the underlying mechanisms. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2019; 75:844-851. [PMID: 30152098 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fenoxaprop-ethyl (FE) is an active ingredient of commercially available herbicide formulations. Its overuse has caused much damage to the environment, livestock breeding, agricultural crops and humans. However, little is known about the effects of FE exposure on female reproductive health and the mechanisms underlying those effects. In this study, we investigated the toxic effects of FE on oocyte quality and their underlying mechanisms in mice fed a diet containing FE. RESULTS Ovary weight and numbers of oocytes were reduced in FE-treated mice. Moreover, oocyte quality was seriously impaired, as shown by the reduced rate of first polar body extrusion and fertilization ability in vivo. In FE-treated mice, oocytes presented reduced actin expression and abnormal meiotic spindle morphology, which indicate that cytoskeletal integrality is disrupted. Also, FE induced mitochondrial dysfunction, reflected by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), apoptosis and autophagy, as revealed by fluorescent staining analysis and real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Finally, FE led to changes in epigenetic modifications such as histone H3K27me3 and H3K9me2 in oocytes. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that FE has adverse effects on oocyte quality as assessed by maturation and fertilization potential, due to disrupted cytoskeletal integrality, and mitochondrial dysfunction leading to ROS accumulation, apoptosis and autophagy. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ting He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lei-Lei Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shen Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qing-Yuan Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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He GF, Yang LL, Luo SM, Ma JY, Ge ZJ, Shen W, Yin S, Sun QY. The role of L-type calcium channels in mouse oocyte maturation, activation and early embryonic development. Theriogenology 2017; 102:67-74. [PMID: 28750296 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Calcium ion fluctuation is closely related to the transformation of cell cycle. However, little is known about the function of L-type calcium channel in mammalian oocyte and embryo development. We thus studied the roles of L-type calcium channel in mouse oocyte meiotic maturation, parthenogenetic activation and early embryonic development. We used the antagonist Amlodipine to block L-type calcium channel. Oocytes or zygotes were cultured to different time points with 0 μM, 10 μM, 30 μM and 50 μM Amlodipine. Then we checked the rate of first polar body extrusion, spindle formation, asymmetric division parthenogenetic activation and early embryo cleavage. The results showed that Amlodipine treatment did not affect germinal vesicle breakdown, but caused disruption of cytoskeleton organization, symmetric division, formation of mature oocytes with a large polar body, or reduced the first polar body extrusion, depending on its concentrations. Amlodipine treatment also resulted in decreased parthenogenetic activation and arrested early embryonic development. Overall, these data suggest that proper function of L-type calcium channel is critical for oocyte maturation, activation, and early embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Fang He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, China; College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, China; Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lei-Lei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, China; Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shi-Ming Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, China; Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jun-Yu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, China; Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhao-Jia Ge
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, China; Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, China; Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shen Yin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, China; Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Qing-Yuan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, China; Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Nähse V, Christ L, Stenmark H, Campsteijn C. The Abscission Checkpoint: Making It to the Final Cut. Trends Cell Biol 2016; 27:1-11. [PMID: 27810282 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cytokinesis is the final stage of cell division and is concluded by abscission of the intercellular bridge to physically separate the daughter cells. Timing of cytokinetic abscission is monitored by a molecular machinery termed the abscission checkpoint. This machinery delays abscission in cells with persistent chromatin in the intercellular bridge. Recent work has also uncovered its response to high membrane tension, nuclear pore defects, and DNA replication stress. Although it is known that the abscission checkpoint depends on persistent activity of the Aurora B protein kinase, we have only recently begun to understand its molecular basis. We propose here a molecular framework for abscission checkpoint signaling and we discuss outstanding questions relating to its function and physiological relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viola Nähse
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Liliane Christ
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Harald Stenmark
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway; Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Coen Campsteijn
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway.
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Cheffings T, Burroughs N, Balasubramanian M. Actomyosin Ring Formation and Tension Generation in Eukaryotic Cytokinesis. Curr Biol 2016; 26:R719-R737. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.06.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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