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Abdallah J, Williams RG, Awada H, Raman G, Ozcan Y, Orland M, Mete M, Chen W, Gurnari C, Maciejewski JP, Bat T. Thrombocytosis and megakaryocyte changes associated with PRCA. Blood Adv 2024; 8:3058-3062. [PMID: 38564765 PMCID: PMC11215193 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023012309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joelle Abdallah
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | | | - Hussein Awada
- Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Ganesh Raman
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | | | - Mark Orland
- Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Mutlu Mete
- Department of Computer Science, Texas A&M University-Commerce, Commerce, TX
| | - Weina Chen
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Carmelo Gurnari
- Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Taha Bat
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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2
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Dery L, Stern J, Shimon I, Rudman Y, Kushnir S, Shochat T, Fleseriu M, Akirov A. Impact of etiology, sex, diabetes mellitus and remission status on erythrocytic profile in patients with cushing's syndrome: a large population database study. Pituitary 2024:10.1007/s11102-024-01399-8. [PMID: 38769229 DOI: 10.1007/s11102-024-01399-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The study aimed to characterize the erythrocytic profile in patients with cushing's syndrome (CS) versus controls from the normal population according to etiology, sex, presence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypercortisolemia remission status. METHODS This retrospective cohort analysis compared erythrocytic parameters between patients with CS of pituitary (CD) and adrenal (aCS) etiology and age, sex, body mass index (BMI) and socioeconomic status-matched controls in a 1:5 ratio. Laboratory values at baseline were calculated as mean values during the year preceding CS diagnosis, and over one year thereafter. RESULTS The cohort included 397 CS patients (68.26% female; mean age 51.11 ± 16.85 years) and 1970 controls. Patients with CS had significantly higher baseline median levels of hemoglobin (Hgb) (13.70 g/dL vs. 13.12 g/dL [p < 0.0001]) and hematocrit (Hct) (41.64% vs. 39.80% [p < 0.0001]) compared to controls. These differences were observed for both CD and aCS and for both sexes. Patients who attained remission had Hgb and Hct levels comparable to controls (13.20 g/dL and 40.08% in patients with CD and aCS vs. 13.20 g/dL and 39.98% in controls). Meanwhile, those with persistent/recurrent disease maintained elevated levels. Patients with comorbid DM had similar Hgb but higher Hct (p = 0.0419), while patients without DM showed elevated erythrocytic values compared to controls (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Our data illustrates that erythrocytic parameters are directly influenced by glucocorticoid excess as Hgb and Hct are higher in patients with CS, and normalize after remission. We have identified the influence of DM on erythrocytic parameters in patients with CS for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Dery
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Julia Stern
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ilan Shimon
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Institute of Endocrinology, Beilinson Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Yaron Rudman
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Institute of Endocrinology, Beilinson Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Shiri Kushnir
- Research Authority, Beilinson Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Tzipora Shochat
- Biostatistics Unit, Beilinson Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Maria Fleseriu
- Departments of Medicine and Neurological Surgery, Pituitary Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Amit Akirov
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
- Institute of Endocrinology, Beilinson Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.
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Heterochromatin rewiring and domain disruption-mediated chromatin compaction during erythropoiesis. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2023; 30:463-474. [PMID: 36914797 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-023-00939-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian erythropoiesis involves progressive chromatin compaction and subsequent enucleation in terminal differentiation, but the mechanisms underlying the three-dimensional chromatin reorganization remain obscure. Here, we systematically analyze the higher-order chromatin in purified populations of primary human erythroblasts. Our results reveal that heterochromatin regions undergo substantial compression, with H3K9me3 markers relocalizing to the nuclear periphery and forming a significant number of long-range interactions, and that ~58% of the topologically associating domain (TAD) boundaries are disrupted, while certain TADs enriched for markers of the active transcription state and erythroid master regulators, GATA1 and KLF1, are selectively maintained during terminal erythropoiesis. Finally, we demonstrate that GATA1 is involved in safeguarding selected essential chromatin domains during terminal erythropoiesis. Our study therefore delineates the molecular characteristics of a development-driven chromatin compaction process, which reveals transcription competence as a key indicator of the selected domain maintenance to ensure appropriate gene expression during the extreme compaction of chromatin.
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Peng Y, Tang L, Li Y, Song J, Liu H, Wang P, Zhong Z, Yang Y, Wang S, Chen L, Zhang J, Zhang S, Wang Z, Li M, Liang L, Liu J. Comprehensive proteomic analysis reveals dynamic phospho-profiling in human early erythropoiesis. Br J Haematol 2022; 199:427-442. [PMID: 35974424 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Normal early erythropoiesis depends on the precise regulation of protein expression and phosphorylation modification. Dysregulation of protein levels or modification contributes to erythroid disorders. To date, the dynamics of protein phosphorylation profiling across human erythroid development is not fully understood. Here, we characterized quantitative proteomic and phosphoproteomic profiling by tandem mass-tagging technology. We systemically built phospho-expression profiling and expression clusters of 11 414 phosphopeptides for human early erythropoiesis. The standardization methods for multitier integrative analyses revealed multiple functional modules of phosphoproteins (e.g., regulation of the G2/M transition) and active phosphorylated signalling (e.g., cell cycle-related pathways). Our further analysis revealed that CDK family members were the main kinases that phosphorylate substrates in erythroid progenitors and identified that CDK9 played an important role in the proliferation of erythroid progenitors. Collectively, our phosphoproteomic profiling, integrative network analysis and functional studies define landscapes of the phosphoproteome and reveal signalling pathways that are involved in human early erythropoiesis. This study will serve as a valuable resource for further investigations of phosphatase and kinase functions in human erythropoiesis and erythroid-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanliang Peng
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Molecular Biology Research Center, Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Tang
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanan Li
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Molecular Biology Research Center, Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianhui Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Molecular Biology Research Center, Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhizhou Zhong
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yifei Yang
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shihui Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lixiang Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shijie Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zi Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Molecular Biology Research Center, Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Min Li
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Long Liang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Molecular Biology Research Center, Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Molecular Biology Research Center, Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, China
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A Novel Combination Therapy of Erythropoietin and Thrombopoietin to Treat Erythropoietin-Resistance anemia. Pharm Res 2022; 39:1249-1265. [PMID: 35661082 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03304-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Treatment with recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) may correct anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease. However, up to 10% of these patients exhibit EPO resistance or hyporesponsiveness, which may be caused by the depletion of erythroid progenitor cells. Thrombopoietin (TPO) stimulates the self-renewal of stem cells and promotes the growth of early erythroid progenitor cells. The objective of this study was to determine whether the combination of recombinant human TPO (rHuTPO) and rHuEPO could correct the depletion of erythroid precursor cells to treat EPO-resistant anemia. METHODS To test our hypothesis, pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) studies of rHuEPO and rHuTPO were performed in healthy rats. Rats received rHuEPO or rHuTPO alone or in combination. Plasma concentrations of rHuTPO and rHuEPO were measured. PD responses, including erythropoietic and thrombopoietic responses, were assessed in peripheral blood. RESULTS On one hand, the results demonstrated the synergistic effect of the combination of rHuEPO and rHuTPO on erythropoiesis. Compared with rHuEPO monotherapy, the combination therapies further stimulated the production of red blood cells and hemoglobin. On the other hand, rHuEPO inhibited the platelet production induced by rHuTPO and mitigate the risk of blood clots. Furthermore, we successfully developed a mechanism-based PD model to simultaneously characterize the responses of the two molecules. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our study indicated that a combination therapy of rHuTPO and rHuEPO could be used to treat EPO-resistant anemia and provided a quantitative basis for further optimizing the combination therapy for clinical use.
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Fan X, Krzyzanski W, Wong RSM, Yan X. Fate determination role of erythropoietin and romiplostim in the lineage commitment of hematopoietic progenitors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2022; 382:31-43. [PMID: 35489782 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.122.001130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) and thrombopoietin (TPO) have long been known to promote erythropoiesis and megakaryopoiesis, respectively. However, the fate changing role of EPO and TPO on megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitors (MEPs) to develop along the erythroid versus megakaryocyte (MK) lineage remains unclear. We have previously shown that EPO may have fate changing role because EPO treatment could induce progenitor cells depletion and resulted in EPO resistance. Therefore, we hypothesize that a combination of romiplostim, a TPO receptor agonist that could stimulate the expansion of progenitors, with EPO can treat EPO resistance. Using rats with anemia due to chronic kidney disease, we demonstrated that romiplostim synergized with EPO to promote red blood cells production while EPO inhibited platelet production in a dose-dependent manner to reduce the risk of thrombosis. Corroborating findings from in vivo, in vitro experiments demonstrated that romiplostim expanded hematopoietic stem cells and stimulated megakaryopoiesis, while EPO drove the progenitors toward an erythroid fate. We further developed a novel pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model to quantify the effects of EPO and romiplostim on megakaryopoiesis and erythropoiesis simultaneously. The modeling results demonstrated that EPO increased the differentiation rate of MEPs into burst-forming unit-erythroid up to 22-fold, indicating that the slight increase of MEPs induced by romiplostim could be further amplified and recruited by EPO to promote erythropoiesis. The data herein support that romiplostim in combination with EPO can treat EPO resistance. Significance Statement This study clarified that erythropoietin (EPO) drives the fate of megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitors (MEP) toward the erythroid lineage, thus reducing their megakaryocyte (MK) lineage commitment, whereas romiplostim, a thrombopoietin (TPO) receptor agonist (RA), stimulates megakaryopoiesis through the MK-committed progenitor and MEP bifurcation pathways simultaneously. These findings support an innovative combination of romiplostim and EPO to treat EPO-resistant anemia, because the combination therapy further promotes erythropoiesis compared to EPO monotherapy and inhibit platelet production compared to romiplostim monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Fan
- School of Pharmacy, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Raymond S M Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Xiaoyu Yan
- School of Pharmacy, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Tsai CY, Fang TP, Chen SW, Chen HW, Lin ECY, Lin TA, Tarng DC, Chang YI. Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate impairs erythropoiesis via inducing Klotho expression and not via bioenergetic reprogramming. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:1234-1245. [PMID: 35273725 PMCID: PMC8902563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) is the most widely used phthalate to manufacture various plastic products. However, the potential effects of DEHP on erythropoiesis have not been investigated comprehensively. Here, we aimed to investigate whether DEHP modulated the function of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) to influence erythropoiesis, and to explore the associated mechanisms. In the present study, human cell lines with a capacity to differentiate into erythroid cells and murine bone marrow cells were treated with DEHP. DEHP not only impaired HSPC function, but also suppressed erythroid differentiation in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, DEHP removal restored HSPC activity. To explore how DEHP interfered with erythroid differentiation, we focused on energy metabolism and Klotho expression. DEHP suppressed erythroid differentiation via upregulating Klotho expression, while it did not via modulating cellular bioenergetics. Therefore, our results provided a novel insight into the pathophysiological link between phthalates and dysregulated erythroid differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Yi Tsai
- Department and Institute of Physiology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipei 112304, Taiwan
| | - Te-Ping Fang
- Department and Institute of Physiology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipei 112304, Taiwan
| | - Shuoh-Wen Chen
- Department and Institute of Physiology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipei 112304, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Wen Chen
- Department and Institute of Physiology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipei 112304, Taiwan
| | - Eric Chang-Yi Lin
- Department and Institute of Physiology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipei 112304, Taiwan
| | - Ting-An Lin
- Department and Institute of Physiology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipei 112304, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipei 112304, Taiwan
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General HospitalTaipei 112201, Taiwan
| | - Der-Cherng Tarng
- Department and Institute of Physiology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipei 112304, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipei 112304, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General HospitalTaipei 112201, Taiwan
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B)Hsinchu 300093, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-I Chang
- Department and Institute of Physiology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipei 112304, Taiwan
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8
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Tan S, Yao Y, Yang Q, Yuan XL, Cen LP, Ng TK. Diversified Treatment Options of Adult Stem Cells for Optic Neuropathies. Cell Transplant 2022; 31. [PMID: 36165292 PMCID: PMC9523835 DOI: 10.1177/09636897221123512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Optic neuropathies refer to a group of ocular disorders with abnormalities or dysfunction of the optic nerve, sharing a common pathophysiology of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death and axonal loss. RGCs, as the retinal neurons in the central nervous system, show limited capacity in regeneration or recovery upon diseases or after injuries. Critically, there is still no effective clinical treatment to cure most types of optic neuropathies. Recently, stem cell therapy was proposed as a potential treatment strategy for optic neuropathies. Adult stem cells, including mesenchymal stem cells and hematopoietic stem cells, have been applied in clinical trials based on their neuroprotective properties. In this article, the applications of adult stem cells on different types of optic neuropathies and the related mechanisms will be reviewed. Research updates on the strategies to enhance the neuroprotective effects of human adult stem cells will be summarized. This review article aims to enlighten the research scientists on the diversified functions of adult stem cells and consideration of adult stem cells as a potential treatment for optic neuropathies in future clinical practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoying Tan
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, China
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Research Centre for SHARP Vision, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Yao Yao
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Qichen Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Xiang-Ling Yuan
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Ling-Ping Cen
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, China
| | - Tsz Kin Ng
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Adimy M, Babin L, Pujo-Menjouet L. Why Are Periodic Erythrocytic Diseases so Rare in Humans? Bull Math Biol 2021; 84:19. [PMID: 34923612 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-021-00973-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have shown that periodic erythrocytic (red blood cell linked) diseases are extremely rare in humans. To explain this observation, we develop here a simple model of erythropoiesis in mammals and investigate its stability in the parameter space. A bifurcation analysis enables us to sketch stability diagrams in the plane of key parameters. Contrary to some other mammal species such as rabbits, mice or dogs, we show that human-specific parameter values prevent periodic oscillations of red blood cells levels. In other words, human erythropoiesis seems to lie in a region of parameter space where oscillations exclusively concerning red blood cells cannot appear. Further mathematical analysis show that periodic oscillations of red blood cells levels are highly unusual and if exist, might only be due to an abnormally high erythrocytes destruction rate or to an abnormal hematopoietic stem cell commitment into the erythrocytic lineage. We also propose numerical results only for an improved version of our approach in order to give a more realistic but more complex approach of our problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Adimy
- Univ Lyon, Inria, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5208, Institut Camille Jordan, 43 Bd. du 11 Novembre 1918, 69200, Villeurbanne Cedex, France.,INRIA, Lyon, France
| | - Louis Babin
- Univ Lyon, Inria, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5208, Institut Camille Jordan, 43 Bd. du 11 Novembre 1918, 69200, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Laurent Pujo-Menjouet
- Univ Lyon, Inria, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5208, Institut Camille Jordan, 43 Bd. du 11 Novembre 1918, 69200, Villeurbanne Cedex, France. .,INRIA, Lyon, France.
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10
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Wan G, Medina S, Zhang H, Pan R, Zhou X, Bolt AM, Luo L, Burchiel SW, Liu KJ. Arsenite exposure inhibits the erythroid differentiation of human hematopoietic progenitor CD34 + cells and causes decreased levels of hemoglobin. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22121. [PMID: 34764389 PMCID: PMC8586241 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01643-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Arsenic exposure poses numerous threats to human health. Our previous work in mice has shown that arsenic causes anemia by inhibiting erythropoiesis. However, the impacts of arsenic exposure on human erythropoiesis remain largely unclear. We report here that low-dose arsenic exposure inhibits the erythroid differentiation of human hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs). The impacts of arsenic (in the form of arsenite; As3+) on red blood cell (RBC) development was evaluated using a long-term culture of normal human bone marrow CD34+-HPCs stimulated in vitro to undergo erythropoiesis. Over the time course studied, we analyzed the expression of the cell surface antigens CD34, CD71 and CD235a, which are markers commonly used to monitor the progression of HPCs through the stages of erythropoiesis. Simultaneously, we measured hemoglobin content, which is an important criterion used clinically for diagnosing anemia. As compared to control, low-dose As3+ exposure (100 nM and 500 nM) inhibited the expansion of CD34+-HPCs over the time course investigated; decreased the number of committed erythroid progenitors (BFU-E and CFU-E) and erythroblast differentiation in the subsequent stages; and caused a reduction of hemoglobin content. These findings demonstrate that low-dose arsenic exposure impairs human erythropoiesis, likely by combined effects on various stages of RBC formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghua Wan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Sebastian Medina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
- Department of Biology, New Mexico Highlands University, Las Vegas, NM, 87701, USA
| | - Haikun Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Rong Pan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Xixi Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Alicia M Bolt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Li Luo
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Preventive Medicine at the University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Scott W Burchiel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Ke Jian Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
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Nath A, Rayabaram J, Ijee S, Bagchi A, Chaudhury AD, Roy D, Chambayil K, Singh J, Nakamura Y, Velayudhan SR. Comprehensive Analysis of microRNAs in Human Adult Erythropoiesis. Cells 2021; 10:3018. [PMID: 34831239 PMCID: PMC8616439 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs, which play an important role in various cellular and developmental processes. The study of miRNAs in erythropoiesis is crucial to uncover the cellular pathways that are modulated during the different stages of erythroid differentiation. Using erythroid cells derived from human CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs)and small RNA sequencing, our study unravels the various miRNAs involved in critical cellular pathways in erythroid maturation. We analyzed the occupancy of erythroid transcription factors and chromatin accessibility in the promoter and enhancer regions of the differentially expressed miRNAs to integrate miRNAs in the transcriptional circuitry of erythropoiesis. Analysis of the targets of the differentially expressed miRNAs revealed novel pathways in erythroid differentiation. Finally, we described the application of Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-Cas9 (CRISPR-Cas9) based editing of miRNAs to study their function in human erythropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneesha Nath
- Center for Stem Cell Research (A Unit of InStem, Bengaluru, India), Christian Medical College, Vellore 632002, India; (A.N.); (S.I.); (A.B.); (K.C.)
| | - Janakiram Rayabaram
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore 632004, India; (J.R.); (A.D.C.); (D.R.)
| | - Smitha Ijee
- Center for Stem Cell Research (A Unit of InStem, Bengaluru, India), Christian Medical College, Vellore 632002, India; (A.N.); (S.I.); (A.B.); (K.C.)
| | - Abhirup Bagchi
- Center for Stem Cell Research (A Unit of InStem, Bengaluru, India), Christian Medical College, Vellore 632002, India; (A.N.); (S.I.); (A.B.); (K.C.)
| | - Anurag Dutta Chaudhury
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore 632004, India; (J.R.); (A.D.C.); (D.R.)
| | - Debanjan Roy
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore 632004, India; (J.R.); (A.D.C.); (D.R.)
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576119, India
| | - Karthik Chambayil
- Center for Stem Cell Research (A Unit of InStem, Bengaluru, India), Christian Medical College, Vellore 632002, India; (A.N.); (S.I.); (A.B.); (K.C.)
| | - Jyoti Singh
- National Centre for Cell Science, University of Pune Campus, Pune 411007, India;
| | - Yukio Nakamura
- Cell Engineering Division, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan;
| | - Shaji R. Velayudhan
- Center for Stem Cell Research (A Unit of InStem, Bengaluru, India), Christian Medical College, Vellore 632002, India; (A.N.); (S.I.); (A.B.); (K.C.)
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore 632004, India; (J.R.); (A.D.C.); (D.R.)
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12
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Havenstein N, Langer F, Weiler U, Stefanski V, Fietz J. Bridging environment, physiology and life history: Stress hormones in a small hibernator. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 533:111315. [PMID: 34052302 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Our knowledge of the perception of stress and its implications for animals in the wild is limited, especially in regard to mammals. The aim of this study was therefore to identify sex specific effects of reproductive activity, body mass, food availability and hibernation on stress hormone levels in the edible dormouse (Glis glis), a small mammalian hibernator. Results of our study reveal that reproductive activity and pre-hibernation fattening were associated with high cortisol levels in both sexes. During the mating season, in particular individuals with low body masses had higher stress levels. Elevated levels of cortisol during pre-hibernation fattening were even higher in females that had formerly invested into reproduction compared to non-reproductive females. Previously observed impairments on health parameters and reduced survival rates associated with reproduction emphasize the functional relevance of high stress hormone levels for fitness. Prolonged food limitation, however, did not affect stress levels demonstrating the ability of dormice to predict and cope with food restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Havenstein
- Institute of Biology, Dep. Zoology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany; Institute of Behavioral Physiology of Livestock, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Franz Langer
- Institute of Biology, Dep. Zoology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany; Institute of Behavioral Physiology of Livestock, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ulrike Weiler
- Institute of Behavioral Physiology of Livestock, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Volker Stefanski
- Institute of Behavioral Physiology of Livestock, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Joanna Fietz
- Institute of Biology, Dep. Zoology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany; Institute of Behavioral Physiology of Livestock, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
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13
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p53 activation during ribosome biogenesis regulates normal erythroid differentiation. Blood 2021; 137:89-102. [PMID: 32818241 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019003439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of ribosome biogenesis in erythroid development is supported by the recognition of erythroid defects in ribosomopathies in both Diamond-Blackfan anemia and 5q- syndrome. Whether ribosome biogenesis exerts a regulatory function on normal erythroid development is still unknown. In the present study, a detailed characterization of ribosome biogenesis dynamics during human and murine erythropoiesis showed that ribosome biogenesis is abruptly interrupted by the decline in ribosomal DNA transcription and the collapse of ribosomal protein neosynthesis. Its premature arrest by the RNA Pol I inhibitor CX-5461 targeted the proliferation of immature erythroblasts. p53 was activated spontaneously or in response to CX-5461, concomitant to ribosome biogenesis arrest, and drove a transcriptional program in which genes involved in cell cycle-arrested, negative regulation of apoptosis, and DNA damage response were upregulated. RNA Pol I transcriptional stress resulted in nucleolar disruption and activation of the ATR-CHK1-p53 pathway. Our results imply that the timing of ribosome biogenesis extinction and p53 activation is crucial for erythroid development. In ribosomopathies in which ribosome availability is altered by unbalanced production of ribosomal proteins, the threshold downregulation of ribosome biogenesis could be prematurely reached and, together with pathological p53 activation, prevents a normal expansion of erythroid progenitors.
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14
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Ashley RJ, Yan H, Wang N, Hale J, Dulmovits BM, Papoin J, Olive ME, Udeshi ND, Carr SA, Vlachos A, Lipton JM, Da Costa L, Hillyer C, Kinet S, Taylor N, Mohandas N, Narla A, Blanc L. Steroid resistance in Diamond Blackfan anemia associates with p57Kip2 dysregulation in erythroid progenitors. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:2097-2110. [PMID: 31961825 DOI: 10.1172/jci132284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the effective clinical use of steroids for the treatment of Diamond Blackfan anemia (DBA), the mechanisms through which glucocorticoids regulate human erythropoiesis remain poorly understood. We report that the sensitivity of erythroid differentiation to dexamethasone is dependent on the developmental origin of human CD34+ progenitor cells, specifically increasing the expansion of CD34+ progenitors from peripheral blood (PB) but not cord blood (CB). Dexamethasone treatment of erythroid-differentiated PB, but not CB, CD34+ progenitors resulted in the expansion of a newly defined CD34+CD36+CD71hiCD105med immature colony-forming unit-erythroid (CFU-E) population. Furthermore, proteomics analyses revealed the induction of distinct proteins in dexamethasone-treated PB and CB erythroid progenitors. Dexamethasone treatment of PB progenitors resulted in the specific upregulation of p57Kip2, a Cip/Kip cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, and we identified this induction as critical; shRNA-mediated downregulation of p57Kip2, but not the related p27Kip1, significantly attenuated the impact of dexamethasone on erythroid differentiation and inhibited the expansion of the immature CFU-E subset. Notably, in the context of DBA, we found that steroid resistance was associated with dysregulated p57Kip2 expression. Altogether, these data identify a unique glucocorticoid-responsive human erythroid progenitor and provide new insights into glucocorticoid-based therapeutic strategies for the treatment of patients with DBA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Ashley
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pediatrics, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine, Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York, USA.,Center for Autoimmunity, Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Hongxia Yan
- Red Cell Physiology Laboratory, New York Blood Center, New York, New York, USA.,Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - John Hale
- Red Cell Physiology Laboratory, New York Blood Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Brian M Dulmovits
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pediatrics, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine, Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York, USA.,Center for Autoimmunity, Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Julien Papoin
- Center for Autoimmunity, Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Meagan E Olive
- Proteomics Platform, Broad Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Namrata D Udeshi
- Proteomics Platform, Broad Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Steven A Carr
- Proteomics Platform, Broad Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Adrianna Vlachos
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pediatrics, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine, Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York, USA.,Center for Autoimmunity, Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA.,Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Cohen Children's Medical Center, New Hyde Park, New York, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Lipton
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pediatrics, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine, Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York, USA.,Center for Autoimmunity, Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA.,Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Cohen Children's Medical Center, New Hyde Park, New York, USA
| | | | - Christopher Hillyer
- Red Cell Physiology Laboratory, New York Blood Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sandrina Kinet
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Naomi Taylor
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Narla Mohandas
- Red Cell Physiology Laboratory, New York Blood Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Anupama Narla
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Lionel Blanc
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pediatrics, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine, Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York, USA.,Center for Autoimmunity, Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA.,Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Cohen Children's Medical Center, New Hyde Park, New York, USA
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15
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Bhoopalan SV, Huang LJS, Weiss MJ. Erythropoietin regulation of red blood cell production: from bench to bedside and back. F1000Res 2020; 9:F1000 Faculty Rev-1153. [PMID: 32983414 PMCID: PMC7503180 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.26648.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 50 years of efforts to identify the major cytokine responsible for red blood cell (RBC) production (erythropoiesis) led to the identification of erythropoietin (EPO) in 1977 and its receptor (EPOR) in 1989, followed by three decades of rich scientific discovery. We now know that an elaborate oxygen-sensing mechanism regulates the production of EPO, which in turn promotes the maturation and survival of erythroid progenitors. Engagement of the EPOR by EPO activates three interconnected signaling pathways that drive RBC production via diverse downstream effectors and simultaneously trigger negative feedback loops to suppress signaling activity. Together, the finely tuned mechanisms that drive endogenous EPO production and facilitate its downstream activities have evolved to maintain RBC levels in a narrow physiological range and to respond rapidly to erythropoietic stresses such as hypoxia or blood loss. Examination of these pathways has elucidated the genetics of numerous inherited and acquired disorders associated with deficient or excessive RBC production and generated valuable drugs to treat anemia, including recombinant human EPO and more recently the prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors, which act partly by stimulating endogenous EPO synthesis. Ongoing structure-function studies of the EPOR and its essential partner, tyrosine kinase JAK2, suggest that it may be possible to generate new "designer" drugs that control selected subsets of cytokine receptor activities for therapeutic manipulation of hematopoiesis and treatment of blood cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthil Velan Bhoopalan
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS #355, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Lily Jun-shen Huang
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Mitchell J. Weiss
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS #355, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
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16
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Bujko K, Cymer M, Adamiak M, Ratajczak MZ. An Overview of Novel Unconventional Mechanisms of Hematopoietic Development and Regulators of Hematopoiesis - a Roadmap for Future Investigations. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2020; 15:785-794. [PMID: 31642043 PMCID: PMC6925068 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-019-09920-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are the best-characterized stem cells in adult tissues. Nevertheless, as of today, many open questions remain. First, what is the phenotype of the most primitive "pre-HSC" able to undergo asymmetric divisions during ex vivo expansion that gives rise to HSC for all hemato-lymphopoietic lineages. Next, most routine in vitro assays designed to study HSC specification into hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) for major hematopoietic lineages are based on a limited number of peptide-based growth factors and cytokines, neglecting the involvement of several other regulators that are endowed with hematopoietic activity. Examples include many hormones, such as pituitary gonadotropins, gonadal sex hormones, IGF-1, and thyroid hormones, as well as bioactive phosphosphingolipids and extracellular nucleotides (EXNs). Moreover, in addition to regulation by stromal-derived factor 1 (SDF-1), trafficking of these cells during mobilization or homing after transplantation is also regulated by bioactive phosphosphingolipids, EXNs, and three ancient proteolytic cascades, the complement cascade (ComC), the coagulation cascade (CoA), and the fibrinolytic cascade (FibC). Finally, it has emerged that bone marrow responds by "sterile inflammation" to signals sent from damaged organs and tissues, systemic stress, strenuous exercise, gut microbiota, and the administration of certain drugs. This review will address the involvement of these unconventional regulators and present a broader picture of hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Bujko
- Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, 500 S. Floyd Street, Rm. 107, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Monika Cymer
- Center for Preclinical Studies and Technology, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Adamiak
- Center for Preclinical Studies and Technology, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Z Ratajczak
- Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, 500 S. Floyd Street, Rm. 107, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA. .,Center for Preclinical Studies and Technology, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
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17
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Sen T, Jain M, Gram M, Mattebo A, Soneji S, Walkley CR, Singbrant S. Enhancing mitochondrial function in vivo rescues MDS-like anemia induced by pRb deficiency. Exp Hematol 2020; 88:28-41. [PMID: 32629063 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Erythropoiesis is intimately coupled to cell division, and deletion of the cell cycle regulator retinoblastoma protein (pRb) causes anemia in mice. Erythroid-specific deletion of pRb has been found to result in inefficient erythropoiesis because of deregulated coordination of cell cycle exit and mitochondrial biogenesis. However, the pathophysiology remains to be fully described, and further characterization of the link between cell cycle regulation and mitochondrial function is needed. To this end we further assessed conditional erythroid-specific deletion of pRb. This resulted in macrocytic anemia, despite elevated levels of erythropoietin (Epo), and an accumulation of erythroid progenitors in the bone marrow, a phenotype strongly resembling refractory anemia associated with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Using high-fractionation fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis for improved phenotypic characterization, we illustrate that erythroid differentiation was disrupted at the orthochromatic stage. Transcriptional profiling of sequential purified populations revealed failure to upregulate genes critical for mitochondrial function such as Pgc1β, Alas2, and Abcb7 specifically at the block, together with disturbed heme production and iron transport. Notably, deregulated ABCB7 causes ring sideroblastic anemia in MDS patients, and the mitochondrial co-activator PGC1β is heterozygously lost in del5q MDS. Importantly, the anemia could be rescued through enhanced PPAR signaling in vivo via either overexpression of Pgc1β or bezafibrate administration. In conclusion, lack of pRb results in MDS-like anemia with disrupted differentiation and impaired mitochondrial function at the orthochromatic erythroblast stage. Our findings reveal for the first time a role for pRb in heme and iron regulation, and indicate that pRb-induced anemia can be rescued in vivo through therapeutic enhancement of PPAR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha Sen
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mayur Jain
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Magnus Gram
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Pediatrics, Lund University, Skane University Hospital Lund, Lund, Sweden
| | - Alexander Mattebo
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Shamit Soneji
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Carl R Walkley
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research and Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Sofie Singbrant
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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18
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Żarski D, Ben Ammar I, Bernáth G, Baekelandt S, Bokor Z, Palińska-Żarska K, Fontaine P, Horváth Á, Kestemont P, Mandiki SNM. Repeated hormonal induction of spermiation affects the stress but not the immune response in pikeperch (Sander lucioperca). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 101:143-151. [PMID: 32229293 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Hormonal induction of spermiation, previously reported to be immunogenic in fishes, is a common hatchery practice in pikeperch, Sander lucioperca. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of repeated induction of spermiation in pikeperch, following application of either human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) or salmon gonadoliberine analogue (sGnRHa) on sperm quality indices as well as on immune and stress response. Mature males of pikeperch (n = 7 per group) were stimulated twice with five days between injections of either hCG (hCG; 500 IU kg-1), sGnRHa (sGnRHa; 50 μg kg-1) or NaCl (control group; 1 ml kg-1) to assess spermatozoa motility with a computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) system. During second sampling, blood plasma was sampled for humoral innate immune (peroxidase and lysozyme activities, ACH50), stress (cortisol, glucose) and endocrine (testosterone) markers. In addition, the head kidney was dissected to assay the expression of several immune genes (such as il1, c3, hamp, tnf-α and lys genes). The results indicate that hormonal treatment significantly increased sperm production. Sperm sampled after the hormonal treatment maintained its quality throughout the study, regardless of the sampling time. However, it appears that the application of hCG induced elevated cortisol and glucose plasma levels compared to the control group. Almost all immune markers, except the relative expression of hepcidin (hamp gene), were unaffected by the two hormones applied. The results showed that the induction treatment of spermiation processes in pikeperch resulted in an important physiological stress response for which the intensity varied according to the hormonal agent used. However, this stress response (more profound following application of hCG) was weakly associated with innate immune functions. On the other hand, a significant negative correlation between the expression of several important immune markers (peroxidase activity, relative expression of c3 and il1 genes) and sperm quality indices indicates significant involvement of immune status on sperm quality. The results obtained shed light on immune-system-induced modifications to sperm quality. The data presented here highlight the need for careful revision of broodstock management and selection practices where welfare status as well as individual predispositions of fish to cope with the stress should be taken under the consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Żarski
- Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Imen Ben Ammar
- URBE, Institute of Life, Earth & Environment, Université de Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Gergely Bernáth
- Department of Aquaculture, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Sébastien Baekelandt
- URBE, Institute of Life, Earth & Environment, Université de Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Zoltán Bokor
- Department of Aquaculture, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Katarzyna Palińska-Żarska
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | | | - Ákos Horváth
- Department of Aquaculture, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Patrick Kestemont
- URBE, Institute of Life, Earth & Environment, Université de Namur, Namur, Belgium
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19
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Jiang H, Wang M, Fu L, Zhong L, Liu G, Zheng Y, Chen X, Bian W. Liver transcriptome analysis and cortisol immune-response modulation in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 101:19-50. [PMID: 32184191 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) is an important aquaculture species in China. In channel catfish, diseases such as haemorrhagic, sepsis and tail-rot disease are all caused by bacteria as general in China. Most of the pathogenic bacteria are Gram-negative bacteria. Liver transcriptome analysis of the co-injection of cortisol and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was performed in this study. Preliminary evidence from the results suggest that after the emergence of immune stress, cortisol will up-regulate the complement cascade pathway, down-regulate the coagulation cascade pathway, down-regulate the platelet activation pathway, down-regulate antigen presentation pathway, and show complex regulation relationship to inflammatory factors. At 12 h, the number of differential genes regulated by cortisol was about half less than the number of differential genes regulated by LPS. At 24 h, there was no significant difference between the number of differential genes regulated by cortisol and LPS, but the types of differential genes vary widely. KEGG enrichment analysis found that cortisol regulated LPS-stimulated immune responses mainly focus on cytokines, complement and coagulation cascades pathways, antigen presentation pathways, haematopoiesis, and inflammation. It is suggested that there may be some strategic choice in the regulation of immune response by cortisol. These results will help understand the pathogenesis and host defence system in bacterial disease caused by Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hucheng Jiang
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210017, China
| | - Minghua Wang
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210017, China
| | - Longlong Fu
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210017, China
| | - Liqiang Zhong
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210017, China
| | - Guoxing Liu
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210017, China
| | - You Zheng
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210017, China
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210017, China.
| | - Wenji Bian
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210017, China.
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20
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Pazzi P, Clift S, Hartman MJ, O'Dell N. Kasabach‐Merritt‐like syndrome in a dog secondary to isolated splenic haemangiomatosis. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2020-001090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Pazzi
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical StudiesFaculty of Veterinary ScienceUniversity of PretoriaOnderstepoortSouth Africa
| | - Sarah Clift
- Department of Paraclinical SciencesFaculty of Veterinary ScienceUniversity of PretoriaOnderstepoortSouth Africa
| | - Marthinus Jacobus Hartman
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical StudiesFaculty of Veterinary ScienceUniversity of PretoriaOnderstepoortSouth Africa
| | - Nicolize O'Dell
- Department of Paraclinical SciencesFaculty of Veterinary ScienceUniversity of PretoriaOnderstepoortSouth Africa
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21
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Current Advances in Red Blood Cell Generation Using Stem Cells from Diverse Sources. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:9281329. [PMID: 31467565 PMCID: PMC6701316 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9281329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood transfusions hold an indispensable part in the modern healthcare system. Up to date, the blood supply is largely dependent on donations. Unfortunately, collecting the clinical-grade blood products has become a challenging mission due to accelerated population aging, which not only increases the need for blood transfusions but also decreases the number of healthy donors. Moreover, individuals with severe hematological abnormalities or rare blood phenotypes need alternative therapeutic approaches instead of conventional blood transfusion. In these aspects, the concept of in vitro/ex vivo production of blood cells has been emerging and many attempts have been focused on manufacturing mature erythrocytes, so-called red blood cells (RBCs), the most common and important component among the blood derivatives. In this review, we provide a general overview regarding the current strategies for generating RBCs from various stem cell sources including pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) as well as circulating blood stem cells and the remaining challenges that must be overcome prior to their practical application.
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22
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Zarrati M, Aboutaleb N, Cheshmazar E, Shoormasti RS, Razmpoosh E, Nasirinezhad F. The association of obesity and serum leptin levels with complete blood count and some serum biochemical parameters in Iranian overweight and obese individuals. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2019; 33:72. [PMID: 31696066 PMCID: PMC6825403 DOI: 10.34171/mjiri.33.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Obesity has been suggested to be well correlated with altered levels of complete blood count (CBC) parameters. In this study, the relationship of body mass index (BMI) and circulating leptin levels with CBC among obese and overweight adults was examined. Methods: CBC and biochemical parameters, WBC and hematological profiles, leptin levels, related factors to liver, and kidney and lipid profiles were measured among 184 obese and overweight people aged 18–60 years. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. To assess the normality of data, the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was used. Logarithmic transformation was performed for some variables with non-normal distribution. The association between 2 quantitative variables was measured using bivariate correlation (Pearson or Spearman). Pearson correlations and multiple regression analysis were performed to assess the correlation between variables. Simple and multiple regression analyses were performed to predict some variables. P- value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Hematocrit, insulin, fasting blood sugar, uric acid, TG, LDL-C, VLDL-C, and ALT were positively correlated with BMI (p=0.041, r=0.149 for hematocrit; p≤0.001, r=0.520 for insulin; p≤0.001, r=0.363 for FBS; p≤0.001, r=0.309 for uric acid; p=0.015, r=0.189 for TG; p=0.030, r=161 for LDL-C; p=0.019, r=0.181 for VLDL-C; p≤0.001, r=0.299 for ALT), whereas urea and HDL-C were negatively correlated with BMI (p≤0.001, r=-0.368 for urea; p≤0.001, r=-0.297 for HDL-C). Moreover, LDL-C and insulin were positively correlated with leptin (P = 0.011, r = 0.194 for LDL-C, P = 0.013, r = 0.114 for insulin) and hematocrit, urea, creatinine, TG and VLDL-C were negatively correlated with leptin (p=0.040, r=-0.162 for hematocrit; p≤0.001, r=-0.305 for urea; p=0.007, r=-0.219 for creatinine; p=0.025, r=0.188 for TG; p=0.007, r=-0.218 for VLDL-C). Our analysis showed that white blood cell was positively correlated with leptin (β=17.36, p=0.048). Also, other CBC parameters had no significant correlations with BMI and leptin. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, BMI had a negative association with urea and HDL-C, while BMI had a positive association with insulin, hematocrit, FBS, uric acid, TG, VLDL-C, LDL-C, and ALT. Furthermore, leptin had a negative association with hematocrit, creatinine, and urea, TG, VLDL-C and a positive association with LDL-C and insulin among the participants of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Zarrati
- Faculty of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nahid Aboutaleb
- Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elhameh Cheshmazar
- Faculty of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Elham Razmpoosh
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Farinaz Nasirinezhad
- Department of physiology, Basic Science Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Aapro M, Gascón P, Patel K, Rodgers GM, Fung S, Arantes LH, Wish J. Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents in the Management of Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease or Cancer: A Historical Perspective. Front Pharmacol 2019; 9:1498. [PMID: 30687083 PMCID: PMC6333861 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Anemia is common in patients with cancer or with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Although the introduction of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) has transformed the management of anemia, their use has been complicated by a number of factors including frequent guideline updates, safety concerns and, in the United States, a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) program, which aimed to ensure that the benefits of ESAs outweigh the risks. Many previous concerns around ESA use in cancer and CKD have been addressed by the reassuring results of post-approval studies, and biosimilar ESAs have been used in Europe for many years, with safety and efficacy profiles similar to originator products. This review describes the evolution of the use of ESAs from approval to the present day, discussing results from clinical studies of ESAs in cancer and CKD, and the influence of these findings on product labeling and guideline updates. We also discuss the impact of the introduction of ESA biosimilars in Europe, bringing cost savings and increased access to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matti Aapro
- Genolier Cancer Centre, Clinique de Genolier, Genolier, Switzerland
| | - Pere Gascón
- Division of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kashyap Patel
- Carolina Blood and Cancer Care, Rock Hill, SC, United States
| | - George M. Rodgers
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Selwyn Fung
- Supportive Care Biosimilars, Pfizer Inc., New York, NY, United States
| | - Luiz H. Arantes
- Supportive Care Biosimilars, Pfizer Inc., New York, NY, United States
| | - Jay Wish
- Division of Nephrology, Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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24
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Montero D, Lundby C. Regulation of Red Blood Cell Volume with Exercise Training. Compr Physiol 2018; 9:149-164. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c180004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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25
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Liao C, Hardison RC, Kennett MJ, Carlson BA, Paulson RF, Prabhu KS. Selenoproteins regulate stress erythroid progenitors and spleen microenvironment during stress erythropoiesis. Blood 2018; 131:2568-2580. [PMID: 29615406 PMCID: PMC5992864 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-08-800607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Micronutrient selenium (Se) plays a key role in redox regulation through its incorporation into selenoproteins as the 21st amino acid selenocysteine (Sec). Because Se deficiency appears to be a cofactor in the anemia associated with chronic inflammatory diseases, we reasoned that selenoproteins may contribute to erythropoietic recovery from anemia, referred to as stress erythropoiesis. Here, we report that loss of selenoproteins through Se deficiency or by mutation of the Sec tRNA (tRNA[Sec]) gene (Trsp) severely impairs stress erythropoiesis at 2 stages. Early stress erythroid progenitors failed to expand and properly differentiate into burst-forming unit-erythroid cells , whereas late-stage erythroid progenitors exhibited a maturation defect that affected the transition of proerythroblasts to basophilic erythroblasts. These defects were, in part, a result of the loss of selenoprotein W (SelenoW), whose expression was reduced at both transcript and protein levels in Se-deficient erythroblasts. Mutation of SelenoW in the bone marrow cells significantly decreased the expansion of stress burst-forming unit-erythroid cell colonies, which recapitulated the phenotypes induced by Se deficiency or mutation of Trsp Similarly, mutation of SelenoW in murine erythroblast (G1E) cell line led to defects in terminal differentiation. In addition to the erythroid defects, the spleens of Se-deficient mice contained fewer red pulp macrophages and exhibited impaired development of erythroblastic island macrophages, which make up the niche supporting erythroblast development. Taken together, these data reveal a critical role of selenoproteins in the expansion and development of stress erythroid progenitors, as well as the erythroid niche during acute anemia recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liao
- Pathobiology Program
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, and
| | - Ross C Hardison
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA; and
| | | | - Bradley A Carlson
- Molecular Biology of Selenium Section, Mouse Genetics Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Robert F Paulson
- Pathobiology Program
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, and
| | - K Sandeep Prabhu
- Pathobiology Program
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, and
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26
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Hematopoietic Stem Cells but Not Multipotent Progenitors Drive Erythropoiesis during Chronic Erythroid Stress in EPO Transgenic Mice. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 10:1908-1919. [PMID: 29754961 PMCID: PMC5989815 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) compartment consists of a small pool of cells capable of replenishing all blood cells. Although it is established that the hematopoietic system is assembled as a hierarchical organization under steady-state conditions, emerging evidence suggests that distinct differentiation pathways may exist in response to acute stress. However, it remains unclear how different hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell subpopulations behave under sustained chronic stress. Here, by using adult transgenic mice overexpressing erythropoietin (EPO; Tg6) and a combination of in vivo, in vitro, and deep-sequencing approaches, we found that HSCs respond differentially to chronic erythroid stress compared with their closely related multipotent progenitors (MPPs). Specifically, HSCs exhibit a vastly committed erythroid progenitor profile with enhanced cell division, while MPPs display erythroid and myeloid cell signatures and an accumulation of uncommitted cells. Thus, our results identify HSCs as master regulators of chronic stress erythropoiesis, potentially circumventing the hierarchical differentiation-detour.
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27
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Khalil S, Delehanty L, Grado S, Holy M, White Z, Freeman K, Kurita R, Nakamura Y, Bullock G, Goldfarb A. Iron modulation of erythropoiesis is associated with Scribble-mediated control of the erythropoietin receptor. J Exp Med 2017; 215:661-679. [PMID: 29282252 PMCID: PMC5789406 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20170396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron deficiency causes resistance in erythroid progenitors against proliferative but not survival signals of erythropoietin. Khalil et al. link this response to the down-regulation of Scribble, an orchestrator of receptor trafficking and signaling. With iron deprivation, transferrin receptor 2 drives Scribble degradation, reconfiguring erythropoietin receptor function. Iron-restricted human anemias are associated with the acquisition of marrow resistance to the hematopoietic cytokine erythropoietin (Epo). Regulation of Epo responsiveness by iron availability serves as the basis for intravenous iron therapy in anemias of chronic disease. Epo engagement of its receptor normally promotes survival, proliferation, and differentiation of erythroid progenitors. However, Epo resistance caused by iron restriction selectively impairs proliferation and differentiation while preserving viability. Our results reveal that iron restriction limits surface display of Epo receptor in primary progenitors and that mice with enforced surface retention of the receptor fail to develop anemia with iron deprivation. A mechanistic pathway is identified in which erythroid iron restriction down-regulates a receptor control element, Scribble, through the mediation of the iron-sensing transferrin receptor 2. Scribble deficiency reduces surface expression of Epo receptor but selectively retains survival signaling via Akt. This mechanism integrates nutrient sensing with receptor function to permit modulation of progenitor expansion without compromising survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Khalil
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Lorrie Delehanty
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Stephen Grado
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Maja Holy
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Zollie White
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Katie Freeman
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Ryo Kurita
- Cell Engineering Division, RIKEN BioResource Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yukio Nakamura
- Cell Engineering Division, RIKEN BioResource Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Grant Bullock
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Adam Goldfarb
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
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28
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Thyroid hormone receptor beta and NCOA4 regulate terminal erythrocyte differentiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:10107-10112. [PMID: 28864529 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1711058114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An effect of thyroid hormone (TH) on erythropoiesis has been known for more than a century but the molecular mechanism(s) by which TH affects red cell formation is still elusive. Here we demonstrate an essential role of TH during terminal human erythroid cell differentiation; specific depletion of TH from the culture medium completely blocked terminal erythroid differentiation and enucleation. Treatment with TRβ agonists stimulated premature erythroblast differentiation in vivo and alleviated anemic symptoms in a chronic anemia mouse model by regulating erythroid gene expression. To identify factors that cooperate with TRβ during human erythroid terminal differentiation, we conducted RNA-seq in human reticulocytes and identified nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4) as a critical regulator of terminal differentiation. Furthermore, Ncoa4-/- mice are anemic in perinatal periods and fail to respond to TH by enhanced erythropoiesis. Genome-wide analysis suggests that TH promotes NCOA4 recruitment to chromatin regions that are in proximity to Pol II and are highly associated with transcripts abundant during terminal differentiation. Collectively, our results reveal the molecular mechanism by which TH functions during red blood cell formation, results that are potentially useful to treat certain anemias.
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29
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Transit-Amplifying Cells in the Fast Lane from Stem Cells towards Differentiation. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:7602951. [PMID: 28835754 PMCID: PMC5556613 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7602951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells have a high potential to impact regenerative medicine. However, stem cells in adult tissues often proliferate at very slow rates. During development, stem cells may change first to a pluripotent and highly proliferative state, known as transit-amplifying cells. Recent advances in the identification and isolation of these undifferentiated and fast-dividing cells could bring new alternatives for cell-based transplants. The skin epidermis has been the target of necessary research about transit-amplifying cells; this work has mainly been performed in mammalian cells, but further work is being pursued in other vertebrate models, such as zebrafish. In this review, we present some insights about the molecular repertoire regulating the transition from stem cells to transit-amplifying cells or playing a role in the transitioning to fully differentiated cells, including gene expression profiles, cell cycle regulation, and cellular asymmetrical events. We also discuss the potential use of this knowledge in effective progenitor cell-based transplants in the treatment of skin injuries and chronic disease.
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30
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Life history written in blood: erythrocyte parameters in a small hibernator, the edible dormouse. J Comp Physiol B 2017; 188:359-371. [DOI: 10.1007/s00360-017-1111-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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31
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Association between body size and selected hematological parameters in men and women aged 45 and above from a hospitalized population of older adults: an insight from the Polish Longitudinal Study of Aging (1960–2000). ANTHROPOLOGICAL REVIEW 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/anre-2017-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
In elderly people, anemia occurs with increasing frequency with each advancing decade and can be a harbinger of very serious health conditions, including gastrointestinal bleeding, gastric and duodenal ulcers, and cancer. Therefore, age-dependant changes in hematological parameters deserve special attention. Nonetheless, very few longitudinal studies of aging have focused on possible associations between basic anthropometric characteristics and hematological parameters in older people. Here, we present some evidence that body size can be associated with red blood cell count as well as some other selected hematological parameters in adults aged 45 to 70 years. Longitudinal data on anthropometric and hematological parameters have been obtained from physically healthy residents at the Regional Psychiatric Hospital for People with Mental Disorders in Cibórz, Lubuskie Province, Poland (142 individuals, including 68 men and 74 women). The residents who took psychoactive drugs were excluded from the study. To evaluate the studied relationships, three anthropometric traits were used and three dichotomous divisions of the study sample were made. The medians of body height, body weight, and body mass index at the age of 45 years were used to divide the sample into: shorter and taller, lighter and heavier, and slimmer and stouter individuals, respectively. Student’s t-test, Pearson’s correlation, and regression analysis were employed. The results of the present study suggest that the relationship between body size and red blood cell count is slightly more pronounced in men and its strength depends on age. However, the correlations between body size and red blood cell count proved to be weak in both sexes. With aging, the strength of the relation decreased gradually, which might have been caused by the aging-associated changes in the hematopoietic system, anemia, or was an artifact. Further studies are needed to elucidate the unclear association between body size and hematological parameters in older adults.
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32
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Montero D, Breenfeldt-Andersen A, Oberholzer L, Haider T, Goetze JP, Meinild-Lundby AK, Lundby C. Erythropoiesis with endurance training: dynamics and mechanisms. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2017; 312:R894-R902. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00012.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to characterize the progression of red blood cell volume (RBCV) expansion and potential volumetric and endocrine regulators of erythropoiesis during endurance training (ET). Nine healthy, untrained volunteers (age = 27 ± 4 yr) underwent supervised ET consisting of 3–4 × 60 min cycle ergometry sessions per week for 8 wk. Plasma volume (PV), RBCV, and overnight fasting hematological markers were determined before and at weeks 2, 4, and 8 of ET. In addition, plasma erythropoietin (EPO), cortisol, copeptin, and proatrial natriuretic peptide concentrations were measured during a 3-h morning period at baseline and postexercise at weeks 1 and 8. PV increased from baseline (2,405 ± 335 ml) at weeks 2, 4, and 8 (+374 ± 194, +505 ± 156, and +341 ± 160 ml, respectively, P < 0.001). Increases in RBCV from baseline (1,737 ± 442 ml) were manifested at week 4 (+109 ± 114 ml, P = 0.030) and week 8 (+205 ± 109 ml, P = 0.001). Overnight fasting plasma EPO concentration increased from baseline (11.3 ± 4.8 mIU/ml) at week 2 (+2.5 ± 2.8 mIU·ml−1, P = 0.027) and returned to baseline concentration at weeks 4 and 8. Higher 3-h-postexercise EPO concentration was observed at week 1 (11.6 mIU/ml) compared with week 8 (8.4 ± 3.9 mIU/ml, P = 0.009) and baseline (9.0 ± 4.2 mIU/ml, P = 0.019). Linear relationships between EPO concentration and hematocrit (β = −56.2, P < 0.001) and cortisol (β = 0.037, P < 0.001) were detected throughout the ET intervention. In conclusion, ET leads to mild, transient increases in circulating EPO concentration, concurring with early PV expansion and lowered hematocrit, preceding gradual RBCV enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Montero
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Breenfeldt-Andersen
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and
| | - Laura Oberholzer
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Haider
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jens P. Goetze
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen, and Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anne-Kristine Meinild-Lundby
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carsten Lundby
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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33
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Chang HC, Huang DY, Wu MS, Chu CL, Tzeng SJ, Lin WW. Spleen tyrosine kinase mediates the actions of EPO and GM-CSF and coordinates with TGF-β in erythropoiesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1864:687-696. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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34
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Quan L, Wang Y, Liang J, Qiu T, Wang H, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Hui Q, Tao K. Screening for genes, transcription factors and miRNAs associated with the myogenic and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose tissue-derived stem cells. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:1839-1849. [PMID: 27779643 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we aimed to reveal the molecular mechanisms responsible for the differentiation of human adipose tissue-derived stem cells (hASCs) into myocytes and osteoblasts. Microarray data GSE37329 were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, including three hASC cell lines from healthy donors, two osteogenic lineages and two myogenic lineages from the in vitro‑induction of hASCs. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the two lineages were firstly screened. Subsequently, the underlying functions of the two sets of DEGs were investigated by Gene Ontology function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis, followed by protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction. Regulatory relationships between transcription factors (TFs) and microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) with target genes were finally explored using different algorithms. A total of 665 and 485 DEGs were identified from the hASC‑derived myogenic and osteogenic lineages, respectively. The shared upregulated genes (n=205) in the two sets of DEGs were mainly involved in metabolism-related pathways, whereas the shared downregulated genes (n=128) were significantly enriched in the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway. Four genes, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), nerve growth factor (NGF) and interleukin 1B (IL1B), presented with relatively higher degrees in both PPI networks. The transcription factor RAD21 was predicted to target shared upregulated and downregulated genes as well as specific downregulated genes in the myogenic and the osteogenic lineages. In addition, miRNA-DEG interaction analysis revealed that hsa-miR-1 regulated the most shared DEGs in the two lineages. There may be a correlation between the four genes, VEGFA, FGF2, IL1B and NGF, and the differentiation of hASCs into myocytes and osteoblasts. The TF RAD21 and hsa-miR-1 may play important roles in regulating the expression of differentiation-associated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Quan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, PLA, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, PLA, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Jiulong Liang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, PLA, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Tao Qiu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, PLA, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Hongyi Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, PLA, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, PLA, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, PLA, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Hui
- Department of Plastic Surgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, PLA, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Kai Tao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, PLA, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
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35
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Jayapal SR, Ang HYK, Wang CQ, Bisteau X, Caldez MJ, Xuan GX, Yu W, Tergaonkar V, Osato M, Lim B, Kaldis P. Cyclin A2 regulates erythrocyte morphology and numbers. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:3070-3081. [PMID: 27657745 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1234546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin A2 is an essential gene for development and in haematopoietic stem cells and therefore its functions in definitive erythropoiesis have not been investigated. We have ablated cyclin A2 in committed erythroid progenitors in vivo using erythropoietin receptor promoter-driven Cre, which revealed its critical role in regulating erythrocyte morphology and numbers. Erythroid-specific cyclin A2 knockout mice are viable but displayed increased mean erythrocyte volume and reduced erythrocyte counts, as well as increased frequency of erythrocytes containing Howell-Jolly bodies. Erythroblasts lacking cyclin A2 displayed defective enucleation, resulting in reduced production of enucleated erythrocytes and increased frequencies of erythrocytes containing nuclear remnants. Deletion of the Cdk inhibitor p27Kip1 but not Cdk2, ameliorated the erythroid defects resulting from deficiency of cyclin A2, confirming the critical role of cyclin A2/Cdk activity in erythroid development. Loss of cyclin A2 in bone marrow cells in semisolid culture prevented the formation of BFU-E but not CFU-E colonies, uncovering its essential role in BFU-E function. Our data unveils the critical functions of cyclin A2 in regulating mammalian erythropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthil Raja Jayapal
- a Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) , Singapore , Republic of Singapore
| | | | - Chelsia Qiuxia Wang
- a Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) , Singapore , Republic of Singapore.,c Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore , Singapore
| | - Xavier Bisteau
- a Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) , Singapore , Republic of Singapore
| | - Matias J Caldez
- a Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) , Singapore , Republic of Singapore.,d National University of Singapore (NUS) , Department of Biochemistry , Singapore
| | - Gan Xiao Xuan
- a Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) , Singapore , Republic of Singapore
| | - Weimiao Yu
- a Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) , Singapore , Republic of Singapore
| | - Vinay Tergaonkar
- a Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) , Singapore , Republic of Singapore
| | - Motomi Osato
- c Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore , Singapore
| | - Bing Lim
- b Genome Institute of Singapore , Singapore
| | - Philipp Kaldis
- a Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) , Singapore , Republic of Singapore.,d National University of Singapore (NUS) , Department of Biochemistry , Singapore
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McIver SC, Katsumura KR, Davids E, Liu P, Kang YA, Yang D, Bresnick EH. Exosome complex orchestrates developmental signaling to balance proliferation and differentiation during erythropoiesis. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27543448 PMCID: PMC5040589 DOI: 10.7554/elife.17877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the highly conserved exosome complex mediates the degradation and processing of multiple classes of RNAs, it almost certainly controls diverse biological processes. How this post-transcriptional RNA-regulatory machine impacts cell fate decisions and differentiation is poorly understood. Previously, we demonstrated that exosome complex subunits confer an erythroid maturation barricade, and the erythroid transcription factor GATA-1 dismantles the barricade by transcriptionally repressing the cognate genes. While dissecting requirements for the maturation barricade in Mus musculus, we discovered that the exosome complex is a vital determinant of a developmental signaling transition that dictates proliferation/amplification versus differentiation. Exosome complex integrity in erythroid precursor cells ensures Kit receptor tyrosine kinase expression and stem cell factor/Kit signaling, while preventing responsiveness to erythropoietin-instigated signals that promote differentiation. Functioning as a gatekeeper of this developmental signaling transition, the exosome complex controls the massive production of erythroid cells that ensures organismal survival in homeostatic and stress contexts. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.17877.001 Red blood cells supply an animal’s tissues with the oxygen they need to survive. These cells circulate for a certain amount of time before they die. To replenish the red blood cells that are lost, first a protein called stem cell factor (SCF) instructs stem cells and precursor cells to proliferate, and a second protein, known as erythropoietin, then signals to these cells to differentiate into mature red blood cells. It is important to maintain this balance between these two processes because too much proliferation can lead to cancer while too much differentiation will exhaust the supply of stem cells. Previous work has shown that a collection of proteins called the exosome complex can block steps leading towards mature red blood cells. The exosome complex controls several processes within cells by modifying or degrading a variety of messenger RNAs, the molecules that serve as intermediates between DNA and protein. However, it was not clear how the exosome complex sets up the differentiation block and whether it is somehow connected to the signaling from SCF and erythropoietin. McIver et al. set out to address this issue by isolating precursor cells with the potential to become red blood cells from mouse fetal livers and experimentally reducing the levels of the exosome complex. The experiments showed that these cells were no longer able to respond when treated with SCF in culture, whereas the control cells responded as normal. Further experiments showed that cells with less of the exosome complex also made less of a protein named Kit. Normally, SCF interacts with Kit to instruct cells to multiply. Lastly, although the experimental cells could no longer respond to these proliferation signals, they could react to erythropoietin, which promotes differentiation. Thus, normal levels of the exosome complex keep the delicate balance between proliferation and differentiation, which is crucial to the development of red blood cells. In future, it will be important to study the exosome complex in living mice and in human cells, and to see whether it also controls other signaling pathways. Furthermore, it is worth exploring whether this new knowledge can help efforts to produce red blood cells on an industrial scale, which could then be used to treat patients with conditions such as anemia. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.17877.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Skye C McIver
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, United States.,UW-Madison Blood Research Program, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, United States.,Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, United States
| | - Koichi R Katsumura
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, United States.,UW-Madison Blood Research Program, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, United States.,Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, United States
| | - Elsa Davids
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, United States.,UW-Madison Blood Research Program, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, United States.,Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, United States.,Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, United States
| | - Yoon-A Kang
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, United States.,UW-Madison Blood Research Program, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, United States.,Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, United States
| | - David Yang
- Department of Pathology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, United States
| | - Emery H Bresnick
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, United States.,UW-Madison Blood Research Program, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, United States.,Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, United States
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Fecková B, Kimáková P, Ilkovičová L, Szentpéteriová E, Debeljak N, Solárová Z, Sačková V, Šemeláková M, Bhide M, Solár P. Far-western blotting as a solution to the non-specificity of the anti-erythropoietin receptor antibody. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:1575-1580. [PMID: 27446474 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The erythropoietin receptor (EpoR) is a member of the cytokine receptor family. The interaction between erythropoietin (Epo) and EpoR is important for the production and maturation of erythroid cells, resulting in the stimulation of hematopoiesis. The fact that EpoR was also detected in neoplastic cells has opened the question about the relevance of anemia treatment with recombinant Epo in cancer patients. Numerous studies have reported pro-stimulating and anti-apoptotic effects of Epo in cancer cells, thus demonstrating EpoR functionality in these cells. By contrast, a previous study claims the absence of EpoR in tumor cells. This apparent discrepancy is based, according to certain authors, on the use of non-specific anti-EpoR antibodies. With the aim of bypassing the direct detection of EpoR with an anti-EpoR antibody, the present authors propose a far-western blot methodology, which in addition, confirms the interaction of Epo with EpoR. Applying this technique, the presence of EpoR and its interaction with Epo in human ovarian adenocarcinoma A2780 and normal human umbilical vein endothelial cells was confirmed. Furthermore, modified immunoprecipitation of EpoR followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis confirmed a 57 kDa protein as a human Epo-interacting protein in both cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Fecková
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, SK-04154 Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Patrícia Kimáková
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, SK-04154 Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Lenka Ilkovičová
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, SK-04154 Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Erika Szentpéteriová
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, SK-04154 Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Nataša Debeljak
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Zuzana Solárová
- Institute of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, SK-04001 Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Veronika Sačková
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, SK-04154 Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Martina Šemeláková
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, SK-04154 Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Mangesh Bhide
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine, SK-04181 Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Solár
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, SK-04154 Košice, Slovak Republic
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Geiler C, Andrade I, Clayton A, Greenwald D. Genetically Engineered In Vitro Erythropoiesis. Int J Stem Cells 2016; 9:53-9. [PMID: 27426086 PMCID: PMC4961104 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc.2016.9.1.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Engineered blood has the greatest potential to combat a predicted future shortfall in the US blood supply for transfusion treatments. Engineered blood produced from hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) derived red blood cells in a laboratory is possible, but critical barriers exist to the production of clinically relevant quantities of red blood cells required to create a unit of blood. Erythroblasts have a finite expansion capacity and there are many negative regulatory mechanisms that inhibit in vitro erythropoiesis. In order to overcome these barriers and enable mass production, the expansion capacity of erythroblasts in culture will need to be exponentially improved over the current state of art. This work focused on the hypothesis that genetic engineering of HSC derived erythroblasts can overcome these obstacles. Objectives The objective of this research effort was to improve in vitro erythropoiesis efficiency from human adult stem cell derived erythroblasts utilizing genetic engineering. The ultimate goal is to enable the mass production of engineered blood. Methods HSCs were isolated from blood samples and cultured in a liquid media containing growth factors. Cells were transfected using a Piggybac plasmid transposon. Results Cells transfected with SPI-1 continued to proliferate in a liquid culture media. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis on culture day 45 revealed a single population of CD71+CD117+ proerythroblast cells. The results of this study suggest that genetically modified erythroblasts could be immortalized in vitro by way of a system modeling murine erythroleukemia. Conclusion Genetic modification can increase erythroblast expansion capacity and potentially enable mass production of red blood cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristopher Geiler
- Department of Basic Science Research, Cellologi, LLC, California, USA.,Santa Barbara Cottage Hospital, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - Inez Andrade
- Department of Basic Science Research, Cellologi, LLC, California, USA
| | - Alexandra Clayton
- Department of Basic Science Research, Cellologi, LLC, California, USA
| | - Daniel Greenwald
- Department of Basic Science Research, Cellologi, LLC, California, USA.,Santa Barbara Cottage Hospital, Santa Barbara, California, USA
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Barminko J, Reinholt B, Baron MH. Development and differentiation of the erythroid lineage in mammals. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 58:18-29. [PMID: 26709231 PMCID: PMC4775370 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2015.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The red blood cell (RBC) is responsible for performing the highly specialized function of oxygen transport, making it essential for survival during gestation and postnatal life. Establishment of sufficient RBC numbers, therefore, has evolved to be a major priority of the postimplantation embryo. The "primitive" erythroid lineage is the first to be specified in the developing embryo proper. Significant resources are dedicated to producing RBCs throughout gestation. Two transient and morphologically distinct waves of hematopoietic progenitor-derived erythropoiesis are observed in development before hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) take over to produce "definitive" RBCs in the fetal liver. Toward the end of gestation, HSCs migrate to the bone marrow, which becomes the primary site of RBC production in the adult. Erythropoiesis is regulated at various stages of erythroid cell maturation to ensure sufficient production of RBCs in response to physiological demands. Here, we highlight key aspects of mammalian erythroid development and maturation as well as differences among the primitive and definitive erythroid cell lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Barminko
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Brad Reinholt
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Margaret H Baron
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of The Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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Abstract
Hematopoiesis is a dynamic process in which blood cells are continuously generated from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). The regulatory mechanisms controlling HSC fate have been studied extensively over the past several decades. Although many protein-coding genes have been shown to regulate hematopoietic differentiation, additional levels of HSC regulation are not well studied. Advances in deep sequencing have revealed many new classes of regulatory noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as enhancer RNAs and antisense ncRNAs. Functional analysis of some of these ncRNAs has provided insights into the molecular mechanisms that regulate hematopoietic development and disease. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of functional regulatory ncRNAs associated with hematopoietic self-renewal and differentiation, as well as those dysregulated ncRNAs involved in hematologic malignancies.
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41
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Nowakowski A, Walczak P, Janowski M, Lukomska B. Genetic Engineering of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Regenerative Medicine. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:2219-42. [PMID: 26140302 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2015.0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which can be obtained from various organs and easily propagated in vitro, are one of the most extensively used types of stem cells and have been shown to be efficacious in a broad set of diseases. The unique and highly desirable properties of MSCs include high migratory capacities toward injured areas, immunomodulatory features, and the natural ability to differentiate into connective tissue phenotypes. These phenotypes include bone and cartilage, and these properties predispose MSCs to be therapeutically useful. In addition, MSCs elicit their therapeutic effects by paracrine actions, in which the metabolism of target tissues is modulated. Genetic engineering methods can greatly amplify these properties and broaden the therapeutic capabilities of MSCs, including transdifferentiation toward diverse cell lineages. However, cell engineering can also affect safety and increase the cost of therapy based on MSCs; thus, the advantages and disadvantages of these procedures should be discussed. In this review, the latest applications of genetic engineering methods for MSCs with regenerative medicine purposes are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Nowakowski
- 1 NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences , Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Walczak
- 2 Division of Magnetic Resonance Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland.,3 Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland.,4 Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury , Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Miroslaw Janowski
- 1 NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences , Warsaw, Poland .,2 Division of Magnetic Resonance Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland.,3 Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Barbara Lukomska
- 1 NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences , Warsaw, Poland
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42
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Ji P. New Insights into the Mechanisms of Mammalian Erythroid Chromatin Condensation and Enucleation. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 316:159-82. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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43
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Geiler C, Andrade I, Greenwald D. Exogenous c-Myc Blocks Differentiation and Improves Expansion of Human Erythroblasts In vitro. Int J Stem Cells 2014; 7:153-7. [PMID: 25473453 PMCID: PMC4249898 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc.2014.7.2.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Engineered blood has the greatest potential to combat a predicted future shortfall in the blood supply for transfusion treatment. The production of red blood cells from hematopoietic stem cells in the laboratory is possible but the mass production of red blood cells to the level present in a blood transfusion unit is currently not possible. The proliferation capacity of the immature red blood cell will need to be increased to enable mass production. This work focused on the hypothesis that exogenous c-Myc can delay the differentiation process of highly proliferative immature erythroblasts, and increase the proliferation capacity of erythroblast cell cultures. Objectives: The objective of this research effort was to improve in vitro erythropoiesis from stem cells without gene transfection with the eventual goal of producing blood for transfusion treatment in a manner that could be easily translated into clinical medicine. Methods: The hematopoietic stem cell containing mononuclear cell fraction of venous blood samples was cultured in a liquid media containing erythroblasts growth factors with and without exogenous c-Myc combined with a cell -penetrating peptide. The cells were maintained in the liquid culture media for 23 days. Viable cells were counted and analyzed with flow cytometry. Results: Our results show a 4 fold increase in expansion of the erythroblasts grown in the c-Myc containing growth media compared to the control. Eighty percent of these cells retained the CD117 surface receptor, indicating immature cells. Conclusion: Exogenous c-Myc blocks the differentiation and improves in vitro expansion of human erythroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristopher Geiler
- Department of Basic Science Research, Cellologi, LLC ; Santa Barbara Cottage Hospital, Santa Barbara, USA
| | - Inez Andrade
- Department of Basic Science Research, Cellologi, LLC
| | - Daniel Greenwald
- Department of Basic Science Research, Cellologi, LLC ; Santa Barbara Cottage Hospital, Santa Barbara, USA
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Misener R, Fuentes Garí M, Rende M, Velliou E, Panoskaltsis N, Pistikopoulos EN, Mantalaris A. Global superstructure optimisation of red blood cell production in a parallelised hollow fibre bioreactor. Comput Chem Eng 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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45
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Singh VK, Saini A, Tsuji K, Sharma PB, Chandra R. Manufacturing blood ex vivo: a futuristic approach to deal with the supply and safety concerns. Front Cell Dev Biol 2014; 2:26. [PMID: 25364733 PMCID: PMC4206981 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2014.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood transfusions are routinely done in every medical regimen and a worldwide established collection, processing/storage centers provide their services for the same. There have been extreme global demands for both raising the current collections and supply of safe/adequate blood due to increasingly demanding population. With, various risks remain associated with the donor derived blood, and a number of post collection blood screening and processing methods put extreme constraints on supply system especially in the underdeveloped countries. A logistic approach to manufacture erythrocytes ex-vivo by using modern tissue culture techniques have surfaced in the past few years. There are several reports showing the possibilities of RBCs (and even platelets/neutrophils) expansion under tightly regulated conditions. In fact, ex vivo synthesis of the few units of clinical grade RBCs from a single dose of starting material such as umbilical cord blood (CB) has been well established. Similarly, many different sources are also being explored for the same purpose, such as embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells. However, the major concerns remain elusive before the manufacture and clinical use of different blood components may be used to successfully replace the present system of donor derived blood transfusion. The most important factor shall include the large scale of RBCs production from each donated unit within a limited time period and cost of their production, both of these issues need to be handled carefully since many of the recipients among developing countries are unable to pay even for the freely available donor derived blood. Anyways, keeping these issues in mind, present article shall be focused on the possibilities of blood production and their use in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vimal K Singh
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University Delhi, India
| | - Abhishek Saini
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University Delhi, India
| | - Kohichiro Tsuji
- Departments of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Research Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo Hospital Tokyo, Japan
| | - P B Sharma
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University Delhi, India
| | - Ramesh Chandra
- Dr B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi Delhi, India
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46
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Rousseau GF, Giarratana MC, Douay L. Large-scale production of red blood cells from stem cells: what are the technical challenges ahead? Biotechnol J 2013; 9:28-38. [PMID: 24408610 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201200368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Blood-transfusion centers regularly face the challenge of donor blood shortages, especially for rare blood groups. The possibility of producing universal red blood cells from stem cells industrially has become a possible alternative since the successful injection of blood generated in vitro into a human being in 2011. Although there remains many biological and regulatory issues concerning the efficacy and safety of this new product, the major challenge today for future clinical applications is switching from the current limited 2-dimensional production techniques to large-scale 3-dimensional bioreactors. In addition to requiring technological breakthroughs, the whole process also has to become at least five-fold more cost-efficient to match the current prices of high-quality blood products. The current review sums up the main biological advances of the past decade, outlines the key biotechnological challenges for the large-scale cost-effective production of red blood cells, proposes solutions based on strategies used in the bioindustry and presents the state-of-the-art of large-scale blood production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume F Rousseau
- UPMC University Paris 6, UMR_S938, Proliferation and Differentiation of Stem Cells, Paris, France; INSERM, UMR_S938, Proliferation and Differentiation of Stem Cells, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
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47
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Huang X, Shah S, Wang J, Ye Z, Dowey SN, Tsang KM, Mendelsohn LG, Kato GJ, Kickler TS, Cheng L. Extensive ex vivo expansion of functional human erythroid precursors established from umbilical cord blood cells by defined factors. Mol Ther 2013; 22:451-463. [PMID: 24002691 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2013.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a constant shortage of red blood cells (RBCs) from sufficiently matched donors for patients who need chronic transfusion. Ex vivo expansion and maturation of human erythroid precursors (erythroblasts) from the patients or optimally matched donors could represent a potential solution. Proliferating erythroblasts can be expanded from umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells (CB MNCs) ex vivo for 10(6)-10(7)-fold (in ~50 days) before proliferation arrest and reaching sufficient number for broad application. Here, we report that ectopic expression of three genetic factors (Sox2, c-Myc, and an shRNA against TP53 gene) associated with iPSC derivation enables CB-derived erythroblasts to undergo extended expansion (~10(68)-fold in ~12 months) in a serum-free culture condition without change of cell identity or function. These expanding erythroblasts maintain immature erythroblast phenotypes and morphology, a normal diploid karyotype and dependence on a specific combination of growth factors for proliferation throughout expansion period. When being switched to a terminal differentiation condition, these immortalized erythroblasts gradually exit cell cycle, decrease cell size, accumulate hemoglobin, condense nuclei and eventually give rise to enucleated hemoglobin-containing erythrocytes that can bind and release oxygen. Our result may ultimately lead to an alternative approach to generate unlimited numbers of RBCs for personalized transfusion medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosong Huang
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Stem Cell Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Siddharth Shah
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Stem Cell Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Stem Cell Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhaohui Ye
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Stem Cell Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sarah N Dowey
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Stem Cell Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kit Man Tsang
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Stem Cell Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Laurel G Mendelsohn
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Gregory J Kato
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas S Kickler
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Linzhao Cheng
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Stem Cell Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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48
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Abstract
For the past fifty-five years, much of my research has focused on the function and biogenesis of red blood cells, including the cloning and study of many membrane proteins such as glucose and anion transporters and the erythropoietin receptor. We have also elucidated the mechanisms of membrane insertion, folding, and maturation of many plasma membrane and secreted proteins. Despite all of this work and more, I remain extremely proud of our very early work on the regulation of mRNA translation: work on bacteriophage f2 RNA in the 1960s and on translation of α- and β-globin mRNAs in the early 1970s. Using techniques hopelessly antiquated by today's standards, we correctly elucidated many important aspects of translational control, and I thought readers would be interested in learning how we did these experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvey F Lodish
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
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49
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Protein kinase D-HDAC5 signaling regulates erythropoiesis and contributes to erythropoietin cross-talk with GATA1. Blood 2012; 120:4219-28. [PMID: 22983445 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-10-387050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In red cell development, the differentiation program directed by the transcriptional regulator GATA1 requires signaling by the cytokine erythropoietin, but the mechanistic basis for this signaling requirement has remained unknown. Here we show that erythropoietin regulates GATA1 through protein kinase D activation, promoting histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5) dissociation from GATA1, and subsequent GATA1 acetylation. Mice deficient for HDAC5 show resistance to anemic challenge and altered marrow responsiveness to erythropoietin injections. In ex vivo studies, HDAC5(-/-) progenitors display enhanced entry into and passage through the erythroid lineage, as well as evidence of erythropoietin-independent differentiation. These results reveal a molecular pathway that contributes to cytokine regulation of hematopoietic differentiation and offer a potential mechanism for fine tuning of lineage-restricted transcription factors by lineage-specific cytokines.
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Baron MH, Isern J, Fraser ST. The embryonic origins of erythropoiesis in mammals. Blood 2012; 119:4828-37. [PMID: 22337720 PMCID: PMC3367890 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-01-153486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Erythroid (red blood) cells are the first cell type to be specified in the postimplantation mammalian embryo and serve highly specialized, essential functions throughout gestation and postnatal life. The existence of 2 developmentally and morphologically distinct erythroid lineages, primitive (embryonic) and definitive (adult), was described for the mammalian embryo more than a century ago. Cells of the primitive erythroid lineage support the transition from rapidly growing embryo to fetus, whereas definitive erythrocytes function during the transition from fetal life to birth and continue to be crucial for a variety of normal physiologic processes. Over the past few years, it has become apparent that the ontogeny and maturation of these lineages are more complex than previously appreciated. In this review, we highlight some common and distinguishing features of the red blood cell lineages and summarize advances in our understanding of how these cells develop and differentiate throughout mammalian ontogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret H Baron
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA.
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