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Moncayo-Rizzo J, Alvarado-Villa G, Cherrez-Ojeda I, Gallardo JC, Velez Leon E, Gonzalez Eras SP. Unveiling motives for dentistry studies: psychometric validation of a comprehensive questionnaire among aspiring dental students. BDJ Open 2024; 10:27. [PMID: 38548719 PMCID: PMC10979002 DOI: 10.1038/s41405-024-00208-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to develop and validate a questionnaire for dental students in Ecuador to assess their reasons to study dentistry. MATERIALS AND METHODS A 25-item questionnaire was developed by the authors based on similar studies and a qualitative study. The questionnaire had five theoretical factors: economic, professional, vocational, social and academic reasons for study. In the first two samples, exploratory factor analysis was performed to identify the structure, and the models obtained were compared with confirmatory factor analysis in the third sample. RESULTS Three samples were used, sample A with 201 participants, sample B with 623 participants, and sample C with 596 participants. Two-thirds of the participants were female and almost one-third were from coast region. The EFA applied in sample A resulted in a five-factor model with 18 items; in contrast, a three-factor model was obtained from sample B. According to the CFA in sample C, the best model was explained by three factors: labor, vocational and academic reasons. Considering two items to cross-load in labor and vocational factors, which are theoretically justified. CONCLUSION This study presents a 12-item questionnaire that assesses labor, vocational and academic reasons for studying dentistry in an Ecuadorian population.
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Bitencourt FV, Olsson TO, Lamers JMDS, Leite FRM, Nascimento GG, Toassi RFC. Impact of public health and higher education policies on the profile of final-year Brazilian dental students: Challenges and future developments. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL EDUCATION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR DENTAL EDUCATION IN EUROPE 2022. [PMID: 35869678 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Brazil has experienced transformations in higher education and health services, including launching more inclusive public policies focused on these two areas. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the profile of final-year dental students from a Brazilian public university from 2010 to 2019, accompanied by changes in public health and higher education policies. METHODS A prospective observacional study was carried out with final-year dental students. A self-applicable semi-structured questionnaire was applied. RESULT Six-hundred and seventy-seven students participated, of which 71.5% were women, 72.9% aged between 21 and 25 years, 96.2% single, and 96.4% were without children. Over ten years, it was possible to identify trends in the profile explained by implementing public policies toward more inclusive access to Brazilian higher education by socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals. Students who completed the course between 2018 and 2019 did not have the state capital city (the wealthiest area) as their origin city and had lower parental education and income levels than dental students graduating between 2010 and 2011. Moreover, working as a primary care dentist in the Brazilian National Health System was considered a professional possibility by 61.4% of the students, and has gained prominence significantly over time, ranging from 21.1% in 2010 to 72.9% in 2019 (p < .05). CONCLUSION Over the study period, concomitantly to advances in public health and higher education policies in Brazil, more diverse access to public dental education was observed, allowing students from low socioeconomic positions to take the education. Changes have also impacted the students' perspectives regarding the need for postgraduate training and a career in public health dentistry. However, these trends need to be consolidated, and public policies continued and strengthened.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thaís Ostroski Olsson
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Juliana Maciel de Souza Lamers
- Pedagogue, Technician in Educational Affairs at the Faculty of Dentistry of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ramona Fernanda Ceriotti Toassi
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Postgraduate Program in Teaching in Health Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Knowledge About Biosafety Measures in Clinical Setting During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study With Brazilian Dental Students. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2022; 17:e108. [PMID: 35000654 PMCID: PMC8961069 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2022.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to evaluate the knowledge of Brazilian dental students about biosafety measures that should be adopted in the clinical setting during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. METHODS A cross-sectional study with 1050 dental students was conducted. A semi-structured questionnaire was shared with students. Mean knowledge score on biosafety guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic was the outcome, with a maximum of 8 scores. Explanatory variables included sociodemographic and educational characteristics, aspects related to biosafety education, actions adopted by the dental schools during the pandemic, and sources of biosafety information. Multivariate linear regression analyses were performed. RESULTS Mean knowledge score was 5.19 (1.28). Female students (β = 0.346; 95% CI: 0.154-0.539), those enrolled in the intermediate (β = 0.525; 95% CI: 0.167-0.883) or final (β = 0.569; 95% CI: 0.200-0.937) stage of course, and those who had already received theoretical-practical training in biosafety (β = 0.464; 95% CI: 0.063-0.866) presented higher mean knowledge scores. Students who did not receive guidance on aerosol control measures before the pandemic (β = -0.324; 95% CI: -0.519 to -0.130) had the lowest score. CONCLUSION Students presented a medium level of knowledge about dental biosafety measures concerning the COVID-19 pandemic. Sociodemographic characteristics and those related to the institutional profile of the participants, and access to orientation and training in biosafety, may influence their knowledge.
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Tagliaferro EPDS, Valsecki Júnior A, Rosell FL, Silva SRCD, Riley JL, Gilbert GH, Gordan VV. Methods for Caries Prevention in Children Reported by Dentists from a Brazilian Community. PESQUISA BRASILEIRA EM ODONTOPEDIATRIA E CLÍNICA INTEGRADA 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/pboci.2021.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Muthuri RNDK, Senkubuge F, Hongoro C. Determinants of Motivation among Healthcare Workers in the East African Community between 2009-2019: A Systematic Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2020; 8:E164. [PMID: 32532016 PMCID: PMC7349547 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare8020164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthcare workers are an essential element in the functionality of the health system. However, the health workforce impact on health systems tends to be overlooked. Countries within the Sub-Saharan region such as the six in the East African Community (EAC) have weak and sub-optimally functioning health systems. As countries globally aim to attain Universal Health Coverage and the Sustainable Development Goal 3, it is crucial that the significant role of the health workforce in this achievement is recognized. In this systematic review, we aimed to synthesise the determinants of motivation as reported by healthcare workers in the EAC between 2009 and 2019. A systematic search was performed using four databases, namely Cochrane library, EBSCOhost, ProQuest and PubMed. The eligible articles were selected and reviewed based on the authors' selection criteria. A total of 30 studies were eligible for review. All six countries that are part of the EAC were represented in this systematic review. Determinants as reported by healthcare workers in six countries were synthesised. Individual-level-, organizational/structural- and societal-level determinants were reported, thus revealing the roles of the healthcare worker, health facilities and the government in terms of health systems and the community or society at large in promoting healthcare workers' motivation. Monetary and non-monetary determinants of healthcare workers' motivation reported are crucial for informing healthcare worker motivation policy and health workforce strengthening in East Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Nabi Deborah Karimi Muthuri
- School of Health Systems and Public Health (SHSPH), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, Gauteng Province, South Africa; (F.S.); (C.H.)
| | - Flavia Senkubuge
- School of Health Systems and Public Health (SHSPH), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, Gauteng Province, South Africa; (F.S.); (C.H.)
| | - Charles Hongoro
- School of Health Systems and Public Health (SHSPH), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, Gauteng Province, South Africa; (F.S.); (C.H.)
- Developmental, Capable and Ethical State Division, Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC), Pretoria 0001, Gauteng Province, South Africa
- Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0183, Gauteng Province, South Africa
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Tiwari T, Randall CL, Cohen L, Holtzmann J, Webster-Cyriaque J, Ajiboye S, Schou L, Wandera M, Ikeda K, Fidela de Lima Navarro M, Feres M, Abdellatif H, Al-Madi E, Tubert-Jeannin S, Fox CH, Ioannidou E, D'Souza RN. Gender Inequalities in the Dental Workforce: Global Perspectives. Adv Dent Res 2020; 30:60-68. [PMID: 31746651 DOI: 10.1177/0022034519877398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to investigate the growth of diversity and inclusion in global academic dental research with a focus on gender equality. A diverse range of research methodologies were used to conduct this review, including an extensive review of the literature, engagement of key informants in dental academic leadership positions around the world, and review of current data from a variety of national and international organizations. Results provide evidence of gender inequalities that currently persist in dental academics and research. Although the gender gap among graduating dental students in North America and the two most populous countries in Europe (the United Kingdom and France) has been narrowed, women make up 30% to 40% of registered dentists in countries throughout Europe, Oceania, Asia, and Africa. In academic dentistry around the globe, greater gender inequality was found to correlate with higher ranking academic and leadership positions in the United States, United Kingdom, several countries in European Union, Japan, and Saudi Arabia. Further disparities are noted in the dental research sector, where women make up 33% of dental researchers in the European Union, 35% in North America, 55% in Brazil, and 25% in Japan. Family and societal pressures, limited access to research funding, and lack of mentoring and leadership training opportunities are reported as also contributing to gender inequalities. To continue advancing gender equality in dental academia and research, efforts should be geared toward the collection and public dissemination of data on gender-specific distributions. Such evidence-driven information will guide the selection of future strategies and best practices for promoting gender equity in the dental workforce, which provides a major pipeline of researchers and scholars for the dental profession.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tiwari
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - C L Randall
- School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - L Cohen
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - J Holtzmann
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - S Ajiboye
- International Association for Dental Research, Alexandria, VA, USA
| | - L Schou
- National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - M Wandera
- Uganda Dental Association, Kampala, Uganda
| | - K Ikeda
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - M Feres
- Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, Brazil
| | - H Abdellatif
- Princess Nourah bint AbdulRahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - E Al-Madi
- College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - C H Fox
- International Association for Dental Research, Alexandria, VA, USA
| | - E Ioannidou
- School of Dental Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - R N D'Souza
- University of Utah Health Sciences, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Kfouri MDG, Moysés ST, Gabardo MCL, Nascimento AC, Rosa SVD, Moysés SJ. The feminization of dentistry and the perceptions of public service users about gender issues in oral health. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2019; 24:4285-4296. [PMID: 31664400 DOI: 10.1590/1413-812320182411.00832018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It was investigated the perception of service users in relation to the professional practice of dentists, based on gender differences. The Primary Care Assessment Tool (PCATool) was applied to 900 users of the Public Service in Curitiba, PR, Brazil. Sixty clinics were selected using random sampling, divided between conventional Primary Health Care (PHC) Units and PHC with Family Health System Units. The attributes of PHC that compound the PCATool were analyzed. A question was added about user preference regarding the gender of the dental professional, thus generating four dyads derived from user gender/dentist gender (FF, FM, MM, MF). The attributes were linked to the dyads by applying the independent sample t test. Using logistic regression, the dyads were linked to 23 factors relating to scaled-up care in PHC. Many users showed a clear preference for being attended by female dentists. Users who prefer to be cared for by women tend to better evaluate PHC on issues related to "active listening", while those who prefer to be cared for by male dentists highlight the attributes of "care integration" and "community guidance". In other factors and attributes studied, there is no difference between the care given by men or women, regardless the unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria da Graça Kfouri
- Departamento de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Paraná Litoral. R. Jaguariaíva 512, Caiobá. 83260-000 Matinhos PR Brasil.
| | - Simone Tetu Moysés
- Escola de Ciências da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná. Curitiba PR Brasil
| | | | | | - Saulo Vinicius da Rosa
- Escola de Ciências da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná. Curitiba PR Brasil
| | - Samuel Jorge Moysés
- Escola de Ciências da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná. Curitiba PR Brasil
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Rajeh M, Nicolau B, Qutob A, Pluye P, Esfandiari S. A Survey of the Barriers Affecting the Career Practice and Promotions of Female Dentists in Saudi Arabia. JDR Clin Trans Res 2019; 4:187-195. [PMID: 30931706 DOI: 10.1177/2380084418815458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Over the last 40 y, the proportion of women in the profession of dentistry has been growing steadily. The extant literature, although limited, demonstrates that gender differences exist in choice of specialization, practice pattern, and professional attitudes, revealing that women are more likely to work in primary dental care and are less prominent in other dental specialties. Female Saudi dentists, working in the government sector, tend to occupy lower positions in the occupational hierarchy, are paid less, and are less likely to hold consultant positions as compared with men. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to identify barriers faced by female dentists practicing in Saudi Arabia in seeking professional advancement and to determine the variables that influenced respondents' promotions. METHODS In February 2017, a web-based cross-sectional survey was emailed to all female dentists registered with the Saudi Dental Society ( N = 2,651). Completed questionnaires ( N = 130, response rate = 7.1%) were analyzed with simple summary statistics and a logistic regression analysis to evaluate the association between the dependent variable (promotion) and independent variables (family, environmental, interpersonal, and cultural factors). RESULTS Most female dentists believed that family, environmental, and cultural factors are challenges to their career practice and progression. Other factors included interpersonal challenges, such as gender discrimination and male dominance in the field of dentistry. Results of the regression analysis revealed that family and environmental factors were significant predictors of whether female dentists would be promoted. CONCLUSION Saudi female dentists continue to face significant obstacles in their career practice and advancement. Their role in the workplace needs to be recognized. Factors that obstruct their career advancement should be well understood by dental institutions and efforts should be made to move more female dentists into leadership positions. KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER STATEMENT Policy makers can use the results of this study to develop strategies to overcome the barriers faced by female dentists in Saudi Arabia with respect to their professional and personal (family) needs. This study could lead to the development of employment incentives and a supportive workplace for female dentists.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rajeh
- 1 Oral Health and Society Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,2 Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, SA
| | - B Nicolau
- 1 Oral Health and Society Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - A Qutob
- 3 Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SA
| | - P Pluye
- 4 Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - S Esfandiari
- 1 Oral Health and Society Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Gender differences in dental students' professional expectations and attitudes: a qualitative study. Br Dent J 2017; 223:441-445. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2017.810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Deumier L, Alliot-Licht B, Bouton-Kelly L, Bonnaud-Antignac A, Michaut C, Quilliot F, Guihard G. Factor analysis of a motivation questionnaire adapted to predoctoral French dental students. J Dent Sci 2016; 11:123-129. [PMID: 30894959 PMCID: PMC6395291 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose The motivations of dental students for their studies have largely been investigated in numerous countries using psychometric questionnaires. This is not the case in France since validated tools are still lacking. The aim of the present work was dedicated to the psychometric validation of a motivation questionnaire adapted for predoctoral French dental students. Material and methods The design corresponded to a monocentric study realized at the dental school of Nantes University, France. A 14-item questionnaire was translated into French and adapted for dental studies. It was autoadministered by the students between March 2014 and May 2014. Exploratory and confirmatory factorial analyses were used to investigate the psychometric properties of the French version. Results The rate of reply was 88.7% with a sex allocation consisting of 44.4% men and 55.6% women. The internal reliability and the item-sampling adequacy of the questionnaire reached acceptance thresholds. Exploratory and confirmatory factorial analyses established a four-factor structure with good internal reliability. The factors consisted in “altruism,” “status and incomes,” “scientific curiosity,” and “educational advantages.” Factors correlated well with the overall questionnaire. The overall motivation score did not differ between male and female students, although “altruism” was best scored by female students while “status and incomes” obtained a higher score in the population of male students. Both male and female students displayed similar “scientific curiosity” and “educational advantages” scorings. Conclusion Our data establish that the French motivation questionnaire has good psychometric properties and that it is relevant for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Angélique Bonnaud-Antignac
- EA 4275 Biostatistique, Pharmacoépidémiologie et Mesures Subjectives en Santé, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Christophe Michaut
- Centre de Recherche en Education de Nantes, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Florence Quilliot
- Service de Production et d'Innovation Numérique, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Gilles Guihard
- Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie Expérimentale, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
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