1
|
Chang MY, Chan CK, Brune JE, Manicone AM, Bomsztyk K, Frevert CW, Altemeier WA. Regulation of Versican Expression in Macrophages is Mediated by Canonical Type I Interferon Signaling via ISGF3. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.14.585097. [PMID: 38559011 PMCID: PMC10980001 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.14.585097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Growing evidence supports a role for versican as an important component of the inflammatory response, with both pro- and anti-inflammatory roles depending on the specific context of the system or disease under investigation. Our goal is to understand the regulation of macrophage-derived versican and the role it plays in innate immunity. In previous work, we showed that LPS triggers a signaling cascade involving TLR4, the Trif adaptor, type I interferons, and the type I interferon receptor, leading to increased versican expression by macrophages. In the present study, we used a combination of chromatin immunoprecipitation, siRNA, chemical inhibitors, and mouse model approaches to investigate the regulatory events downstream of the type I interferon receptor to better define the mechanism controlling versican expression. Results indicate that transcriptional regulation by canonical type I interferon signaling via the heterotrimeric transcription factor, ISGF3, controls versican expression in macrophages exposed to LPS. This pathway is not dependent on MAPK signaling, which has been shown to regulate versican expression in other cell types. The stability of versican mRNA may also contribute to prolonged versican expression in macrophages. These findings strongly support a role for macrophage-derived versican as a type I interferon-stimulated gene and further our understanding of versican's role in regulating inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Y. Chang
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington at South Lake Union, Seattle, WA
| | - Christina K. Chan
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington at South Lake Union, Seattle, WA
| | - Jourdan E. Brune
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington at South Lake Union, Seattle, WA
| | - Anne M. Manicone
- Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington at South Lake Union, Seattle, WA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Karol Bomsztyk
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Charles W. Frevert
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington at South Lake Union, Seattle, WA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - William A. Altemeier
- Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington at South Lake Union, Seattle, WA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Barik S. Suppression of Innate Immunity by the Hepatitis C Virus (HCV): Revisiting the Specificity of Host-Virus Interactive Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16100. [PMID: 38003289 PMCID: PMC10671098 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major causative agent of hepatitis that may also lead to liver cancer and lymphomas. Chronic hepatitis C affects an estimated 2.4 million people in the USA alone. As the sole member of the genus Hepacivirus within the Flaviviridae family, HCV encodes a single-stranded positive-sense RNA genome that is translated into a single large polypeptide, which is then proteolytically processed to yield the individual viral proteins, all of which are necessary for optimal viral infection. However, cellular innate immunity, such as type-I interferon (IFN), promptly thwarts the replication of viruses and other pathogens, which forms the basis of the use of conjugated IFN-alpha in chronic hepatitis C management. As a countermeasure, HCV suppresses this form of immunity by enlisting diverse gene products, such as HCV protease(s), whose primary role is to process the large viral polyprotein into individual proteins of specific function. The exact number of HCV immune suppressors and the specificity and molecular mechanism of their action have remained unclear. Nonetheless, the evasion of host immunity promotes HCV pathogenesis, chronic infection, and carcinogenesis. Here, the known and putative HCV-encoded suppressors of innate immunity have been reviewed and analyzed, with a predominant emphasis on the molecular mechanisms. Clinically, the knowledge should aid in rational interventions and the management of HCV infection, particularly in chronic hepatitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sailen Barik
- EonBio, 3780 Pelham Drive, Mobile, AL 36619, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bisom TC, Smelser H, Lanchy JM, Lodmell JS. Alternative Splicing of RIOK3 Engages the Noncanonical NFκB Pathway during Rift Valley Fever Virus Infection. Viruses 2023; 15:1566. [PMID: 37515252 PMCID: PMC10383813 DOI: 10.3390/v15071566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the noncanonical NFκB pathway was originally identified as a cellular pathway contributing to lymphoid organogenesis, in the past 20 years, its involvement in innate immunity has become more appreciated. In particular, the noncanonical NFκB pathway has been found to be activated and even exploited by some RNA viruses during infection. Intriguingly, activation of this pathway has been shown to have a role in disrupting transcription of type 1 interferon (IFN), suggesting a rationale for why this response could be co-opted by some viruses. Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a trisegmented ambisense RNA virus that poses a considerable threat to domestic livestock and human health. Previously, we showed the atypical kinase RIOK3 is important for mounting an IFN response to RVFV infection of human epithelial cells, and shortly following infection with RVFV (MP12 strain), RIOK3 mRNA is alternatively spliced to its X2 isoform that encodes a truncated RIOK3 protein. Alternative splicing of RIOK3 mRNA has an inhibitory effect on the IFN response but also stimulates an NFκB-mediated inflammatory response. Here, we demonstrate alternative splicing of RIOK3 mRNA is associated with activation of the noncanonical NFκB pathway and suggest this pathway is co-opted by RVFV (MP12) to enhance viral success during infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Charles Bisom
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59801, USA
| | - Hope Smelser
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59801, USA
| | - Jean-Marc Lanchy
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59801, USA
| | - J Stephen Lodmell
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59801, USA
- Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59801, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Behrendsen LS, Menon PR, Khan MJ, Gregus A, Wirths O, Meyer T, Staab J. Evaluation of the putative lymphoma-associated point mutation D427H in the STAT3 transcription factor. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2022; 23:23. [PMID: 35752777 PMCID: PMC9233852 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-022-00422-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is an oncogenic transcription factor that promotes cell proliferation and immunomodulation in untransformed cells and maintains stemness of transformed cells, facilitating invasion and metastasis. Numerous point mutations in the STAT3 protein have been identified that drive malignancy in various tumor entities. The missense mutation D427H localized in the STAT3 DNA-binding domain has been previously reported in patients with NK/T cell lymphomas. To assess the biological activity of this missense mutation, we compared the STAT3-D427H mutant to wild-type (WT) protein as well as the known hyper-active mutant F174A. Results Although previously reported as an activating mutation, the STAT3-D427H mutant neither showed elevated cytokine-induced tyrosine phosphorylation nor altered nuclear accumulation, as compared to the WT protein. However, the D427H mutant displayed enhanced binding to STAT-specific DNA-binding sites but a reduced sequence specificity and dissociation rate from DNA, which was demonstrated by electrophoretic mobility shift assays. This observation is consistent with the phenotype of the homologous E421K mutation in the STAT1 protein, which also displayed enhanced binding to DNA but lacked a corresponding increase in transcriptional activity. Conclusions Based on our data, it is unlikely that the D427H missense mutation in the STAT3 protein possesses an oncogenic potential beyond the WT molecule. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12860-022-00422-9.
Collapse
|
5
|
Bisom TC, White LA, Lanchy JM, Lodmell JS. RIOK3 and Its Alternatively Spliced Isoform Have Disparate Roles in the Innate Immune Response to Rift Valley Fever Virus (MP12) Infection. Viruses 2022; 14:v14092064. [PMID: 36146870 PMCID: PMC9502082 DOI: 10.3390/v14092064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a pathogenic human and livestock RNA virus that poses a significant threat to public health and biosecurity. During RVFV infection, the atypical kinase RIOK3 plays important roles in the innate immune response. Although its exact functions in innate immunity are not completely understood, RIOK3 has been shown to be necessary for mounting an antiviral interferon (IFN) response to RVFV in epithelial cells. Furthermore, after immune stimulation, the splicing pattern for RIOK3 mRNA changes markedly, and RIOK3's dominant alternatively spliced isoform, RIOK3 X2, exhibits an opposite effect on the IFN response by dampening it. Here, we further investigate the roles of RIOK3 and its spliced isoform in other innate immune responses to RVFV, namely the NFκB-mediated inflammatory response. We find that while RIOK3 is important for negatively regulating this inflammatory pathway, its alternatively spliced isoform, RIOK3 X2, stimulates it. Overall, these data demonstrate that both RIOK3 and its X2 isoform have unique roles in separate innate immune pathways that respond to RVFV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C. Bisom
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59801, USA
| | - Luke A. White
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59801, USA
| | - Jean-Marc Lanchy
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59801, USA
| | - J. Stephen Lodmell
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59801, USA
- Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59801, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(406)-243-6393
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Menon PR, Staab J, Gregus A, Wirths O, Meyer T. An inhibitory effect on the nuclear accumulation of phospho-STAT1 by its unphosphorylated form. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:42. [PMID: 35361236 PMCID: PMC8974011 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00841-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unphosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (U-STAT1) has been reported to elicit a distinct gene expression profile as compared to tyrosine-phosphorylated STAT1 (P-STAT1) homodimers. However, the impact of U-STAT1 on the IFNγ-induced immune response mediated by P-STAT1 is unknown. By generating a double mutant of STAT1 with mutation R602L in the Src-homology 2 (SH2) domain and Y701F in the carboxy-terminal transactivation domain mimicking U-STAT1, we investigated the effects of U-STAT1 on P-STAT1-mediated signal transduction. RESULTS In this study, we discovered a novel activity of U-STAT1 that alters the nucleo-cytoplasmic distribution of cytokine-stimulated P-STAT1. While the dimerization-deficient mutant R602L/Y701F was not able to display cytokine-induced nuclear accumulation, it inhibited the nuclear accumulation of co-expressed IFNγ-stimulated wild-type P-STAT1. Disruption of the anti-parallel dimer interface in the R602L/Y701F mutant via additional R274W and T385A mutations did not rescue the impaired nuclear accumulation of co-expressed P-STAT1. The mutant U-STAT1 affected neither the binding of co-expressed P-STAT1 to gamma-activated sites in vitro, nor the transcription of reporter constructs and the activation of STAT1 target genes. However, the nuclear accumulation of P-STAT1 was diminished in the presence of mutant U-STAT1, which was not restored by mutations reducing the DNA affinity of mutant U-STAT1. Whereas single mutations in the amino-terminus of dimerization-deficient U-STAT1 similarly inhibited the nuclear accumulation of co-expressed P-STAT1, a complete deletion of the amino-terminus restored cytokine-stimulated nuclear accumulation of P-STAT1. Likewise, the disruption of a dimer-specific nuclear localization signal also rescued the U-STAT1-mediated inhibition of P-STAT1 nuclear accumulation. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate a novel role of U-STAT1 in affecting nuclear accumulation of P-STAT1, such that a high intracellular concentration of U-STAT1 inhibits the detection of nuclear P-STAT1 in immunofluorescence assays. These observations hint at a possible physiological function of U-STAT1 in buffering the nuclear import of P-STAT1, while preserving IFNγ-induced gene expression. Based on these results, we propose a model of a hypothetical import structure, the assembly of which is impaired under high concentrations of U-STAT1. This mechanism maintains high levels of cytoplasmic STAT1, while simultaneously retaining signal transduction by IFNγ. Video Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Rajeev Menon
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Göttingen, and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Julia Staab
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Göttingen, and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anke Gregus
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Göttingen, and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Wirths
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Meyer
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Göttingen, and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Barik S. Mechanisms of Viral Degradation of Cellular Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 2. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23010489. [PMID: 35008916 PMCID: PMC8745392 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus infection of eukaryotes triggers cellular innate immune response, a major arm of which is the type I interferon (IFN) family of cytokines. Binding of IFN to cell surface receptors triggers a signaling cascade in which the signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 (STAT2) plays a key role, ultimately leading to an antiviral state of the cell. In retaliation, many viruses counteract the immune response, often by the destruction and/or inactivation of STAT2, promoted by specific viral proteins that do not possess protease activities of their own. This review offers a summary of viral mechanisms of STAT2 subversion with emphasis on degradation. Some viruses also destroy STAT1, another major member of the STAT family, but most viruses are selective in targeting either STAT2 or STAT1. Interestingly, degradation of STAT2 by a few viruses requires the presence of both STAT proteins. Available evidence suggests a mechanism in which multiple sites and domains of STAT2 are required for engagement and degradation by a multi-subunit degradative complex, comprising viral and cellular proteins, including the ubiquitin–proteasomal system. However, the exact molecular nature of this complex and the alternative degradation mechanisms remain largely unknown, as critically presented here with prospective directions of future study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sailen Barik
- EonBio, 3780 Pelham Drive, Mobile, AL 36619, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway was discovered more than a quarter-century ago. As a fulcrum of many vital cellular processes, the JAK/STAT pathway constitutes a rapid membrane-to-nucleus signaling module and induces the expression of various critical mediators of cancer and inflammation. Growing evidence suggests that dysregulation of the JAK/STAT pathway is associated with various cancers and autoimmune diseases. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge about the composition, activation, and regulation of the JAK/STAT pathway. Moreover, we highlight the role of the JAK/STAT pathway and its inhibitors in various diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, P. R. China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Maorong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Xia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, P. R. China.
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hu X, Li J, Fu M, Zhao X, Wang W. The JAK/STAT signaling pathway: from bench to clinic. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:402. [PMID: 34824210 PMCID: PMC8617206 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00791-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 671] [Impact Index Per Article: 223.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway was discovered more than a quarter-century ago. As a fulcrum of many vital cellular processes, the JAK/STAT pathway constitutes a rapid membrane-to-nucleus signaling module and induces the expression of various critical mediators of cancer and inflammation. Growing evidence suggests that dysregulation of the JAK/STAT pathway is associated with various cancers and autoimmune diseases. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge about the composition, activation, and regulation of the JAK/STAT pathway. Moreover, we highlight the role of the JAK/STAT pathway and its inhibitors in various diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, P. R. China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Maorong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Xia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, P. R. China.
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), of the genus Flavivirus, is a causative agent of severe encephalitis in endemic regions of northern Asia and central and northern Europe. Interferon induced transmembrane proteins (IFITMs) are restriction factors that inhibit the replication cycles of numerous viruses, including flaviviruses such as the West Nile virus, dengue virus, and Zika virus. Here, we demonstrate the role of IFITM1, IFITM2, and IFITM3 in the inhibition of TBEV infection and in protection against virus-induced cell death. We show the most significant role being that of IFITM3, including the dissection of its functional motifs by mutagenesis. Furthermore, through the use of CRISPR-Cas9-generated IFITM1/3-knockout monoclonal cell lines, we confirm the role and additive action of endogenous IFITMs in TBEV suppression. However, the results of co-culture assays suggest that TBEV might partially escape IFN- and IFITM-mediated suppression during high-density co-culture infection when the virus enters naïve cells directly from infected donor cells. Thus, cell-to-cell spread may constitute a strategy for virus escape from innate host defenses. Importance: TBEV infection may result in encephalitis, chronic illness or death. TBEV is endemic in northern Asia and Europe; however, due to climate change, new endemic centers arise. Although effective TBEV vaccines have been approved, vaccination coverage is low, and, due to the lack of specific therapeutics, infected individuals depend on their immune responses to control the infection. The IFITM proteins are components of the innate antiviral defenses that suppress cell entry of many viral pathogens. However, no studies regarding the role of IFITM proteins in the TBEV infection have been published so far. Understanding of antiviral innate immune responses is crucial for future development of antiviral strategies. Here, we show the important role of IFITM proteins in the inhibition of TBEV infection and virus-mediated cell death. However, our data suggest that TBEV cell-to-cell spread may be less prone to both IFN- and IFITM-mediated suppression, potentially facilitating escape from IFITM-mediated immunity.
Collapse
|
11
|
Menon PR, Doudin A, Gregus A, Wirths O, Staab J, Meyer T. The anti-parallel dimer binding interface in STAT3 transcription factor is required for the inactivation of cytokine-mediated signal transduction. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:119118. [PMID: 34390807 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) gain-of-function mutations have been widely reported in patients with tumors and haematological malignancies. However, the molecular mechanisms of these pathogenic mutations remain largely uninvestigated. In this study, we have extensively characterized two STAT3 missense mutations, namely a valine-to-alanine exchange in the amino-terminal region (V77A) and a phenylalanine-to-alanine substitution (F174A) in the coiled-coil domain. The two mutants displayed elevated levels of tyrosine phosphorylation, premature nuclear accumulation, and differential transcriptional responses following stimulation of cells with interleukin-6 and interferon-ɣ. In line with their hyper-phosphorylated status, a greater fraction of V77A and F174A proteins was bound to DNA on high-affinity binding sites termed sis-inducible elements (SIE) as compared to the wild-type (WT) protein. Unexpectedly, these STAT3 variants displayed similar kinetics using in vitro kinase and dephosphorylation assays performed with recombinant Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and Tc45 phosphatase, respectively. This indicates that the two mutations neither affected the susceptibility of STAT3 to the enzymatic activity of the inactivating tyrosine phosphatase nor to the activating kinase. However, experiments triggering intracellular dephosphorylation by the addition of the tyrosine-kinase inhibitor staurosporine to cytokine-pretreated cells showed that the two mutants partially resisted dephosphorylation. From these data, we propose that the F174A missense mutation hinders the exchange from a parallel to an anti-parallel dimer conformation, thereby increasing the ratio of tyrosine-phosphorylated molecules bound to DNA and enhancing gene-dependent transcription. Our data point to the physiological importance of the anti-parallel dimer conformation in the inactivation of the cytokine-induced STAT3 signalling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Rajeev Menon
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Göttingen, and German German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Göttingen, Germany
| | - Asmma Doudin
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Göttingen, and German German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anke Gregus
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Göttingen, and German German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Wirths
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Göttingen; Germany
| | - Julia Staab
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Göttingen, and German German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Meyer
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Göttingen, and German German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Göttingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kishimoto K, Wilder CL, Buchanan J, Nguyen M, Okeke C, Hoffmann A, Cheng QJ. High Dose IFN- β Activates GAF to Enhance Expression of ISGF3 Target Genes in MLE12 Epithelial Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:651254. [PMID: 33897699 PMCID: PMC8062733 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.651254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon β (IFN-β) signaling activates the transcription factor complex ISGF3 to induce gene expression programs critical for antiviral defense and host immune responses. It has also been observed that IFN-β activates a second transcription factor complex, γ-activated factor (GAF), but the significance of this coordinated activation is unclear. We report that in murine lung epithelial cells (MLE12) high doses of IFN-β indeed activate both ISGF3 and GAF, which bind to distinct genomic locations defined by their respective DNA sequence motifs. In contrast, low doses of IFN-β preferentially activate ISGF3 but not GAF. Surprisingly, in MLE12 cells GAF binding does not induce nearby gene expression even when strongly bound to the promoter. Yet expression of interferon stimulated genes is enhanced when GAF and ISGF3 are both active compared to ISGF3 alone. We propose that GAF may function as a dose-sensitive amplifier of ISG expression to enhance antiviral immunity and establish pro-inflammatory states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kensei Kishimoto
- Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Catera L Wilder
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Justin Buchanan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Minh Nguyen
- Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Chidera Okeke
- Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Life and Physical Sciences, Fisk University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Alexander Hoffmann
- Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Quen J Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chiang DC, Li Y, Ng SK. The Role of the Z-DNA Binding Domain in Innate Immunity and Stress Granules. Front Immunol 2021; 11:625504. [PMID: 33613567 PMCID: PMC7886975 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.625504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Both DNA and RNA can maintain left-handed double helical Z-conformation under physiological condition, but only when stabilized by Z-DNA binding domain (ZDBD). After initial discovery in RNA editing enzyme ADAR1, ZDBD has also been described in pathogen-sensing proteins ZBP1 and PKZ in host, as well as virulence proteins E3L and ORF112 in viruses. The host-virus antagonism immediately highlights the importance of ZDBD in antiviral innate immunity. Furthermore, Z-RNA binding has been shown to be responsible for the localization of these ZDBD-containing proteins to cytoplasmic stress granules that play central role in coordinating cellular response to stresses. This review sought to consolidate current understanding of Z-RNA sensing in innate immunity and implore possible roles of Z-RNA binding within cytoplasmic stress granules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- De Chen Chiang
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Malaysia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Malaysia
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Siew Kit Ng
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Malaysia
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Duncan CJA, Randall RE, Hambleton S. Genetic Lesions of Type I Interferon Signalling in Human Antiviral Immunity. Trends Genet 2021; 37:46-58. [PMID: 32977999 PMCID: PMC7508017 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2020.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The concept that type I interferons (IFN-I) are essential to antiviral immunity derives from studies on animal models and cell lines. Virtually all pathogenic viruses have evolved countermeasures to IFN-I restriction, and genetic loss of viral IFN-I antagonists leads to virus attenuation. But just how important is IFN-I to antiviral defence in humans? The recent discovery of genetic defects of IFN-I signalling illuminates this and other questions of IFN biology, including the role of the mucosa-restricted type III IFNs (IFN-III), informing our understanding of the place of the IFN system within the concerted antiviral response. Here we review monogenic lesions of IFN-I signalling pathways and summarise the organising principles which emerge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J A Duncan
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Immunity and Inflammation Theme, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, UK.
| | - Richard E Randall
- School of Biology, University of St Andrew's, St Andrew's KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Sophie Hambleton
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Immunity and Inflammation Theme, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; Great North Children's Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, UK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Stat2 stability regulation: an intersection between immunity and carcinogenesis. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:1526-1536. [PMID: 32973222 PMCID: PMC8080578 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-00506-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT2) is a member of the STAT family that plays an essential role in immune responses to extracellular and intracellular stimuli, including inflammatory reactions, invasion of foreign materials, and cancer initiation. Although the majority of STAT2 studies in the last few decades have focused on interferon (IFN)-α/β (IFNα/β) signaling pathway-mediated host defense against viral infections, recent studies have revealed that STAT2 also plays an important role in human cancer development. Notably, strategic research on STAT2 function has provided evidence that transient regulatory activity by homo- or heterodimerization induces its nuclear localization where it to forms a ternary IFN-stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3) complex, which is composed of STAT1 and/or STAT2 and IFN regulatory factor 9 (IEF9). The molecular mechanisms of ISGF3-mediated ISG gene expression provide the basic foundation for the regulation of STAT2 protein activity but not protein quality control. Recently, previously unknown molecular mechanisms of STAT2-mediated cell proliferation via STAT2 protein quality control were elucidated. In this review, we briefly summarize the role of STAT2 in immune responses and carcinogenesis with respect to the molecular mechanisms of STAT2 stability regulation via the proteasomal degradation pathway. The activity of STAT2, a protein stimulated by molecular signalling systems to activate selected genes in ways that can lead to cancer, is regulated by factors controlling its rate of degradation. Yong-Yeon Cho and colleagues at The Catholic University of Korea in South Korea review the role of STAT2 in links between molecular signals of the immune response and the onset of cancer. They focus on the significance of factors that regulate the stability of STAT2. One key factor appears to be the molecular mechanisms controlling the degradation of STAT2 by cellular structures called proteasomes. These structures break down proteins as part of routine cell maintenance. Deeper understanding of the stimulation, action and degradation of STAT2 will assist efforts to treat the many cancers in which STAT2 activity is involved.
Collapse
|
16
|
The Innate Immune Response to Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Infection Is Dampened in the Newborn Brain and Can Be Modulated by Exogenous Interferon Beta To Improve Survival. mBio 2020; 11:mBio.00921-20. [PMID: 32457247 PMCID: PMC7251210 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00921-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a ubiquitous human pathogen affecting 50 to 80% of the population in North America and Europe. HSV infection is commonly asymptomatic in the adult population but can result in fatal encephalitis in the newborn. Current treatment with acyclovir has improved mortality in the newborn; however, severe neurologic sequelae are still a major concern following HSV encephalitis. For this reason, there is a critical need to better understand the underlying differences in the immune response between the two age groups that could be used to develop more effective treatments. In this study, we investigated differences in the innate immune response to viral infection in the brains of newborn and adult mice. We found that, similar to humans, newborn mice are more susceptible to HSV infection than the adult. Increased susceptibility was associated with dampened innate immune responses in the newborn brain that could be rescued by administering interferon beta. Newborns are particularly susceptible to severe forms of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infection, including encephalitis and multisystemic disseminated disease. The underlying age-dependent differences in the immune response that explain this increased susceptibility relative to the adult population remain largely understudied. Using a murine model of HSV-1 infection, we found that newborn mice are largely susceptible to intracranial and intraperitoneal challenge while adult mice are highly resistant. This age-dependent difference correlated with differential basal-level expression of components of innate immune signaling pathways, which resulted in dampened interferon (IFN) signaling in the newborn brain. To explore the possibility of modulating the IFN response in the newborn brain to recapitulate the adult phenotype, we administered exogenous IFN-β in the context of disseminated HSV-1 infection. IFN-β treatment resulted in significantly increased survival and delayed viral neuroinvasion in the newborn. These effects were associated with changes in the type I IFN response in the brain, reduced viral replication in the periphery, and the stabilization of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Our study reveals important age-dependent differences in the innate immune response to HSV-1 infection and suggests a contribution of the BBB and the brain parenchyma in mediating the increased susceptibility to HSV-1 infection observed in the newborn. These results could provide the basis for potential new therapeutic strategies for life-threatening HSV-1 infection in newborns.
Collapse
|
17
|
Owen KL, Brockwell NK, Parker BS. JAK-STAT Signaling: A Double-Edged Sword of Immune Regulation and Cancer Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E2002. [PMID: 31842362 PMCID: PMC6966445 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11122002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 336] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling mediates almost all immune regulatory processes, including those that are involved in tumor cell recognition and tumor-driven immune escape. Antitumor immune responses are largely driven by STAT1 and STAT2 induction of type I and II interferons (IFNs) and the downstream programs IFNs potentiate. Conversely, STAT3 has been widely linked to cancer cell survival, immunosuppression, and sustained inflammation in the tumor microenvironment. The discovery of JAK-STAT cross-regulatory mechanisms, post-translational control, and non-canonical signal transduction has added a new level of complexity to JAK-STAT governance over tumor initiation and progression. Endeavors to better understand the vast effects of JAK-STAT signaling on antitumor immunity have unearthed a wide range of targets, including oncogenes, miRNAs, and other co-regulatory factors, which direct specific phenotypical outcomes subsequent to JAK-STAT stimulation. Yet, the rapidly expanding field of therapeutic developments aimed to resolve JAK-STAT aberrations commonly reported in a multitude of cancers has been marred by off-target effects. Here, we discuss JAK-STAT biology in the context of immunity and cancer, the consequences of pathway perturbations and current therapeutic interventions, to provide insight and consideration for future targeting innovations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katie L. Owen
- Cancer Immunology and Therapeutics Programs, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, VIC, Melbourne 3000, Australia;
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, VIC, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Natasha K. Brockwell
- Cancer Immunology and Therapeutics Programs, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, VIC, Melbourne 3000, Australia;
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, VIC, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Belinda S. Parker
- Cancer Immunology and Therapeutics Programs, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, VIC, Melbourne 3000, Australia;
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, VIC, Parkville 3052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Shi L, Xu Z, Yang Q, Huang Y, Gong Y, Wang F, Ke B. IL-7-Mediated IL-7R-JAK3/STAT5 signalling pathway contributes to chemotherapeutic sensitivity in non-small-cell lung cancer. Cell Prolif 2019; 52:e12699. [PMID: 31599032 PMCID: PMC6869130 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The chemotherapy drug resistance is a major challenge for non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment. Combination of immunotherapy and chemotherapy has shown promise for cancer. The goal of this study was to evaluate the anti‐tumour efficacy of interleukin‐7 (IL‐7) combining cisplatin against NSCLC. Materials and Methods Cell proliferation was analysed using CCK‐8 assay, EdU proliferation assay and colony‐forming assay. Cell apoptosis was evaluated using HOECHST 33342 assay and flow cytometry. The protein expression levels were analysed by Western blot. The blocking antibody against the IL‐7 receptor and the inhibitors of STAT5 and JAK3 were used to investigate the pathway involved. A xenograft model was established to assess the anti‐tumour efficacy of IL‐7 combining cisplatin in vivo. Results Here we found IL‐7R was increased in A549/DDP cells compared with A549 cells. The block of IL‐7R reversed the inhibitory effects of IL‐7 combined with cisplatin and decreased the numbers of apoptosis cells induced by treatment of IL‐7 combined with cisplatin. The JAK3 inhibitor and STAT5 inhibitor were used to identify the pathway involved. The results showed that JAK3/STAT5 pathway was involved in enhancing role of cisplatin sensitivity of NSCLC cells by IL‐7. In vivo, cisplatin significantly inhibited tumour growth and IL‐7 combined with cisplatin achieved the best therapeutic effect. Conclusion Together, IL‐7 promoted the sensitivity of NSCLC cells to cisplatin via IL‐7R‐JAK3/STAT5 signalling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Shi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaozhong Xu
- Department of Emergency, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiong Yang
- Department of Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Huang
- Department of VIP Ward, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxin Gong
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Ke
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Labuhn M, Perkins K, Matzk S, Varghese L, Garnett C, Papaemmanuil E, Metzner M, Kennedy A, Amstislavskiy V, Risch T, Bhayadia R, Samulowski D, Hernandez DC, Stoilova B, Iotchkova V, Oppermann U, Scheer C, Yoshida K, Schwarzer A, Taub JW, Crispino JD, Weiss MJ, Hayashi Y, Taga T, Ito E, Ogawa S, Reinhardt D, Yaspo ML, Campbell PJ, Roberts I, Constantinescu SN, Vyas P, Heckl D, Klusmann JH. Mechanisms of Progression of Myeloid Preleukemia to Transformed Myeloid Leukemia in Children with Down Syndrome. Cancer Cell 2019; 36:123-138.e10. [PMID: 31303423 PMCID: PMC6863161 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid leukemia in Down syndrome (ML-DS) clonally evolves from transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM), a preleukemic condition in DS newborns. To define mechanisms of leukemic transformation, we combined exome and targeted resequencing of 111 TAM and 141 ML-DS samples with functional analyses. TAM requires trisomy 21 and truncating mutations in GATA1; additional TAM variants are usually not pathogenic. By contrast, in ML-DS, clonal and subclonal variants are functionally required. We identified a recurrent and oncogenic hotspot gain-of-function mutation in myeloid cytokine receptor CSF2RB. By a multiplex CRISPR/Cas9 screen in an in vivo murine TAM model, we tested loss-of-function of 22 recurrently mutated ML-DS genes. Loss of 18 different genes produced leukemias that phenotypically, genetically, and transcriptionally mirrored ML-DS.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21
- Cytokine Receptor Common beta Subunit/genetics
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Down Syndrome/diagnosis
- Down Syndrome/genetics
- GATA1 Transcription Factor/genetics
- GATA1 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myeloid/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid/pathology
- Leukemoid Reaction/diagnosis
- Leukemoid Reaction/genetics
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Transgenic
- Mutation
- Phenotype
- Transcription, Genetic
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maurice Labuhn
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Kelly Perkins
- MRC MHU, BRC Hematology Theme, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford Centre for Haematology, WIMM, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Sören Matzk
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Leila Varghese
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Brussels Branch, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Catherine Garnett
- MRC MHU, BRC Hematology Theme, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford Centre for Haematology, WIMM, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Elli Papaemmanuil
- Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Cancer Biology, MSKCC, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Marlen Metzner
- MRC MHU, BRC Hematology Theme, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford Centre for Haematology, WIMM, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Alison Kennedy
- MRC MHU, BRC Hematology Theme, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford Centre for Haematology, WIMM, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | | | - Thomas Risch
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Raj Bhayadia
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - David Samulowski
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - David Cruz Hernandez
- MRC MHU, BRC Hematology Theme, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford Centre for Haematology, WIMM, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Bilyana Stoilova
- MRC MHU, BRC Hematology Theme, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford Centre for Haematology, WIMM, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Valentina Iotchkova
- MRC MHU, BRC Hematology Theme, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford Centre for Haematology, WIMM, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Udo Oppermann
- Botnar Research Centre, NDORMS, Oxford NIHR BRC and Structural Genomics Consortium, UK University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Carina Scheer
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Kenichi Yoshida
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8315 Japan
| | - Adrian Schwarzer
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jeffrey W Taub
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - John D Crispino
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Mitchell J Weiss
- Hematology Department, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Yasuhide Hayashi
- Institute of Physiology and Medicine, Jobu University, Takasaki-shi, Gunma 370-0033, Japan
| | - Takashi Taga
- Department of Pediatrics, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Etsuro Ito
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Seishi Ogawa
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8315 Japan; Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dirk Reinhardt
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Pediatrics III, University Hospital Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | | | - Peter J Campbell
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Irene Roberts
- MRC MHU, BRC Hematology Theme, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford Centre for Haematology, WIMM, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | | | - Paresh Vyas
- MRC MHU, BRC Hematology Theme, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford Centre for Haematology, WIMM, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; Department of Haematology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK.
| | - Dirk Heckl
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Jan-Henning Klusmann
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Petersen J, Staab J, Bader O, Buhl T, Ivetic A, Meyer T. Identification of a distinct subset of disease-associated gain-of-function missense mutations in the STAT1 coiled-coil domain as system mutants. Mol Immunol 2019; 114:30-40. [PMID: 31336247 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Heterozygous gain-of-function (GOF) mutations in the cytokine-regulated transcription factor STAT1 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 1) lead to chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC). However, the molecular basis of these pathogenic missense mutations is largely unknown. In this study, we characterized in more detail the CMC-associated GOF substitution mutation of arginine-to-tryptophan at position 274 (R274W) and, in addition, the adjacent glutamine-to-alanine mutation at position 275 (Q275A). Both mutants displayed elevated tyrosine phosphorylation levels, prolonged nuclear accumulation, and increased transcriptional responses to interferon-γ (IFNγ) stimulation. No difference was observed between wild-type (WT) and mutant STAT1 in DNA sequence-specificity or dissociation kinetics from high-affinity DNA-binding elements known as gamma-activated sites (GAS). Furthermore, all variants exhibited similar cooperative DNA binding. Unexpectedly, in vitro dephosphorylation rates using the recombinant STAT1-inactivating Tc45 phosphatase in both the absence and presence of double-stranded GAS elements were similar in all STAT1 variants. Likewise, the rate of tyrosine phosphorylation by Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) was unaltered as compared to the WT molecule, excluding that the phenotype of these mutants is caused by either defective Tc45-catalyzed dephosphorylation or JAK2-induced hyper-activation. Interestingly, within 10 min of IFNγ exposure, the majority of R274W and Q275A molecules had entered the nucleus, whereas the wild-type protein remained predominantly cytosolic. Thus, the exchange of critical residues located at the binding interface in the antiparallel dimer conformer led to a premature accumulation of phospho-STAT1 in the nuclear compartment. In summary, our data show that the hyper-activity of the GOF mutations results, at least in part, from the premature nuclear import of the tyrosine-phosphorylated molecules and not from alterations in their phosphorylation or dephosphorylation rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Petersen
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Julia Staab
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Bader
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Timo Buhl
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Aleksandar Ivetic
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, James Black Centre, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas Meyer
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Parrini M, Meissl K, Ola MJ, Lederer T, Puga A, Wienerroither S, Kovarik P, Decker T, Müller M, Strobl B. The C-Terminal Transactivation Domain of STAT1 Has a Gene-Specific Role in Transactivation and Cofactor Recruitment. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2879. [PMID: 30574148 PMCID: PMC6291510 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
STAT1 has a key role in the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity by inducing transcriptional changes in response to cytokines, such as all types of interferons (IFN). STAT1 exist as two splice isoforms, which differ in regard to the C-terminal transactivation domain (TAD). STAT1β lacks the C-terminal TAD and has been previously reported to be a weaker transcriptional activator than STAT1α, although this was strongly dependent on the target gene. The mechanism of this context-dependent effects remained unclear. By using macrophages from mice that only express STAT1β, we investigated the role of the C-terminal TAD during the distinct steps of transcriptional activation of selected target genes in response to IFNγ. We show that the STAT1 C-terminal TAD is absolutely required for the recruitment of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) and for the establishment of active histone marks at the class II major histocompatibility complex transactivator (CIIta) promoter IV, whereas it is dispensable for histone acetylation at the guanylate binding protein 2 (Gbp2) promoter but required for an efficient recruitment of Pol II, which correlated with a strongly reduced, but not absent, transcriptional activity. IFNγ-induced expression of Irf7, which is mediated by STAT1 in complex with STAT2 and IRF9, did not rely on the presence of the C-terminal TAD of STAT1. Moreover, we show for the first time that the STAT1 C-terminal TAD is required for an efficient recruitment of components of the core Mediator complex to the IFN regulatory factor (Irf) 1 and Irf8 promoters, which both harbor an open chromatin state under basal conditions. Our study identified novel functions of the STAT1 C-terminal TAD in transcriptional activation and provides mechanistic explanations for the gene-specific transcriptional activity of STAT1β.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Parrini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katrin Meissl
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mojoyinola Joanna Ola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Therese Lederer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ana Puga
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Pavel Kovarik
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Decker
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias Müller
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,University Center Biomodels Austria, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Strobl
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Pike KA, Tremblay ML. Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases: Regulators of CD4 T Cells in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2504. [PMID: 30429852 PMCID: PMC6220082 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) play a critical role in co-ordinating the signaling networks that maintain lymphocyte homeostasis and direct lymphocyte activation. By dephosphorylating tyrosine residues, PTPs have been shown to modulate enzyme activity and both mediate and disrupt protein-protein interactions. Through these molecular mechanisms, PTPs ultimately impact lymphocyte responses to environmental cues such as inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, as well as antigenic stimulation. Mouse models of acute and chronic intestinal inflammation have been shown to be exacerbated in the absence of PTPs such as PTPN2 and PTPN22. This increase in disease severity is due in part to hyper-activation of lymphocytes in the absence of PTP activity. In accordance, human PTPs have been linked to intestinal inflammation. Genome wide association studies (GWAS) identified several PTPs within risk loci for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Therapeutically targeting PTP substrates and their associated signaling pathways, such as those implicated in CD4+ T cell responses, has demonstrated clinical efficacy. The current review focuses on the role of PTPs in controlling CD4+ T cell activity in the intestinal mucosa and how disruption of PTP activity in CD4+ T cells can contribute to intestinal inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Pike
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Inception Sciences Canada, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Michel L Tremblay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Au-Yeung N, Horvath CM. Transcriptional and chromatin regulation in interferon and innate antiviral gene expression. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2018; 44:11-17. [PMID: 30509403 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In response to virus infections, a cell-autonomous, transcription-based antiviral program is engaged to create resistance, impair pathogen replication, and alert professional cells in innate and adaptive immunity. This dual phase antiviral program consists of type I interferon (IFN) production followed by the response to IFN signaling. Pathogen recognition leads to activation of IRF and NFκB factors that function independently and together to recruit cellular coactivators that remodel chromatin, modify histones and activate RNA polymerase II (Pol II) at target gene loci, including the well-characterized IFNβ enhanceosome. In the subsequent response to IFN, a receptor-mediated JAK-STAT signaling cascade directs the assembly of the IRF9-STAT1-STAT2 transcription factor complex called ISGF3, which recruits its own cohort of remodelers, coactivators, and Pol II machinery to activate transcription of a wide range of IFN-stimulated genes. Regulation of the IFN and antiviral gene regulatory networks is not only important for driving innate immune responses to infections, but also may inform treatment of a growing list of chronic diseases that are characterized by hyperactive and constitutive IFN and IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) expression. Here, gene-specific and genome-wide investigations of the chromatin landscape at IFN and ISGs is discussed in parallel with IRF- and STAT- dependent regulation of Pol II transcription.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Au-Yeung
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, 2200 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Curt M Horvath
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, 2200 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Nast R, Staab J, Meyer T, Lüder CGK. Toxoplasma gondii stabilises tetrameric complexes of tyrosine-phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 and leads to its sustained and promiscuous DNA binding. Cell Microbiol 2018; 20:e12887. [PMID: 29968354 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that infects up to 30% of humans worldwide. It can lead to severe diseases particularly in individuals with immature or defective immune responses. Control of T. gondii relies on the IFN-γ-induced signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT1) pathway. T. gondii, however, largely inactivates STAT1-mediated gene transcription by T. gondii inhibitor of STAT1-dependent transcription (TgIST), a parasite effector protein binding to STAT1. Here, we have analysed requirements of STAT1 to bind TgIST and characterised downstream effects on STAT1 signalling. TgIST bound to STAT1 dimers but more efficiently assembled with STAT1 tetramers, which are essential for effective IFN-γ responsiveness. Such binding was abrogated in N-terminal, but not C-terminal deletion mutants of STAT1. Furthermore, TgIST did not bind to the STAT1F77A substitution mutant that cannot form STAT1 tetramers, resulting in a complete unresponsiveness of parasite-infected STAT1F77A -expressing cells to IFN-γ. Remarkably, binding of TgIST considerably increased the affinity of the aberrant STAT1 tetramers for DNA consensus sequence binding motifs and even enabled binding to nonconsensus sequences. Consistent with the increased DNA binding, STAT1 from parasite-infected cells remained phosphorylated at Tyr701 and Ser727 and was retained within the nucleus in a DNA-bound state. The sustained and promiscuous binding activity particularly of STAT1 tetramers to unspecific DNA sites lacking a consensus STAT1-binding motif is an as yet unrecognised mechanism contributing to the defective IFN-γ-mediated signalling in T. gondii-infected cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roswitha Nast
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Julia Staab
- Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Meyer
- Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Carsten G K Lüder
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kitagawa Y, Sakai M, Shimojima M, Saijo M, Itoh M, Gotoh B. Nonstructural protein of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome phlebovirus targets STAT2 and not STAT1 to inhibit type I interferon-stimulated JAK-STAT signaling. Microbes Infect 2018; 20:360-368. [PMID: 29886262 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The nonstructural protein NSs of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome phlebovirus blocks type I interferon (IFN)-stimulated JAK-STAT signaling. However, there is continuing controversy as to whether NSs targets STAT1 or STAT2 or both for this blockade. The present study was designed to gain a further understanding of the blockade mechanism. Immunoprecipitation experiments revealed a stronger interaction of NSs with STAT2 than with any other component constituting the JAK-STAT pathway. Expression of NSs resulted in the formation of cytoplasmic inclusion bodies (IBs), and affected cytoplasmic distribution of STAT2. STAT2 was relocated to NSs-induced IBs. Consequently, NSs inhibited IFN-α-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of STAT2. These inhibitory effects as well as the signaling blockade activity were not observed in NSs mutant proteins lacking the STAT2-binding ability. In contrast, NSs affected neither subcellular distribution nor phosphorylation of STAT1 in response to IFN-α and IFN-γ, demonstrating that NSs has little physical and functional interactions with STAT1. Taken together, these results suggest that NSs sequesters STAT2 into NSs-induced IBs, thereby blocking type I IFN JAK-STAT signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Kitagawa
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Madoka Sakai
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Bio-Science, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, 1266 Tamura-cho, Nagahama, Shiga, 526-0829, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shimojima
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Masayuki Saijo
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Masae Itoh
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Bio-Science, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, 1266 Tamura-cho, Nagahama, Shiga, 526-0829, Japan
| | - Bin Gotoh
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Goldberg AA, Nkengfac B, Sanchez AMJ, Moroz N, Qureshi ST, Koromilas AE, Wang S, Burelle Y, Hussain SN, Kristof AS. Regulation of ULK1 Expression and Autophagy by STAT1. J Biol Chem 2016; 292:1899-1909. [PMID: 28011640 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.771584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy involves the lysosomal degradation of cytoplasmic contents for regeneration of anabolic substrates during nutritional or inflammatory stress. Its initiation occurs rapidly after inactivation of the protein kinase mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) (or mechanistic target of rapamycin), leading to dephosphorylation of Unc-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1) and autophagosome formation. Recent studies indicate that mTOR can, in parallel, regulate the activity of stress transcription factors, including signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT1). The current study addresses the role of STAT1 as a transcriptional suppressor of autophagy genes and autophagic activity. We show that STAT1-deficient human fibrosarcoma cells exhibited enhanced autophagic flux as well as its induction by pharmacological inhibition of mTOR. Consistent with enhanced autophagy initiation, ULK1 mRNA and protein levels were increased in STAT1-deficient cells. By chromatin immunoprecipitation, STAT1 bound a putative regulatory sequence in the ULK1 5'-flanking region, the mutation of which increased ULK1 promoter activity, and rendered it unresponsive to mTOR inhibition. Consistent with an anti-apoptotic effect of autophagy, rapamycin-induced apoptosis and cytotoxicity were blocked in STAT1-deficient cells but restored in cells simultaneously exposed to the autophagy inhibitor ammonium chloride. In vivo, skeletal muscle ULK1 mRNA and protein levels as well as autophagic flux were significantly enhanced in STAT1-deficient mice. These results demonstrate a novel mechanism by which STAT1 negatively regulates ULK1 expression and autophagy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Goldberg
- From the Departments of Critical Care and Medicine, McGill University Health Centre and Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Bernard Nkengfac
- From the Departments of Critical Care and Medicine, McGill University Health Centre and Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Anthony M J Sanchez
- From the Departments of Critical Care and Medicine, McGill University Health Centre and Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Nikolay Moroz
- From the Departments of Critical Care and Medicine, McGill University Health Centre and Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Salman T Qureshi
- From the Departments of Critical Care and Medicine, McGill University Health Centre and Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Antonis E Koromilas
- the Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Shuo Wang
- the Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Yan Burelle
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Sabah N Hussain
- From the Departments of Critical Care and Medicine, McGill University Health Centre and Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Arnold S Kristof
- From the Departments of Critical Care and Medicine, McGill University Health Centre and Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ma W, Tummers B, van Esch EMG, Goedemans R, Melief CJM, Meyers C, Boer JM, van der Burg SH. Human Papillomavirus Downregulates the Expression of IFITM1 and RIPK3 to Escape from IFNγ- and TNFα-Mediated Antiproliferative Effects and Necroptosis. Front Immunol 2016; 7:496. [PMID: 27920775 PMCID: PMC5118436 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The clearance of a high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infection takes time and requires the local presence of a strong type 1 cytokine T cell response, suggesting that hrHPV has evolved mechanisms to resist this immune attack. Using an unique system for non, newly, and persistent hrHPV infection, we show that hrHPV infection renders keratinocytes (KCs) resistant to the antiproliferative- and necroptosis-inducing effects of IFNγ and TNFα. HrHPV-impaired necroptosis was associated with the upregulation of several methyltransferases, including EZH2, and the downregulation of RIPK3 expression. Restoration of RIPK3 expression using the global histone methyltransferase inhibitor 3-deazaneplanocin increased necroptosis in hrHPV-positive KCs. Simultaneously, hrHPV effectively inhibited IFNγ/TNFα-mediated arrest of cell growth at the S-phase by downregulating IFITM1 already at 48 h after hrHPV infection, followed by an impaired increase in the expression of the antiproliferative gene RARRES1 and a decrease of the proliferative gene PCNA. Knockdown of IFITM1 in uninfected KCs confirmed its role on RARRES1 and its antiproliferative effects. Thus, our study reveals how hrHPV deregulates two pathways involved in cell death and growth regulation to withstand immune-mediated control of hrHPV-infected cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , Netherlands
| | - Bart Tummers
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , Netherlands
| | - Edith M G van Esch
- Department of Gynaecology, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , Netherlands
| | - Renske Goedemans
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , Netherlands
| | - Cornelis J M Melief
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , Netherlands
| | - Craig Meyers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey, PA , USA
| | - Judith M Boer
- Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd H van der Burg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lerchenmüller C, Heißenberg J, Damilano F, Bezzeridis VJ, Krämer I, Bochaton-Piallat ML, Hirschberg K, Busch M, Katus HA, Peppel K, Rosenzweig A, Busch H, Boerries M, Most P. S100A6 Regulates Endothelial Cell Cycle Progression by Attenuating Antiproliferative Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription 1 Signaling. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:1854-67. [PMID: 27386938 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.306415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE S100A6, a member of the S100 protein family, has been described as relevant for cell cycle entry and progression in endothelial cells. The molecular mechanism conferring S100A6's proliferative actions, however, remained elusive. APPROACH AND RESULTS Originating from the clinically relevant observation of enhanced S100A6 protein expression in proliferating endothelial cells in remodeling coronary and carotid arteries, our study unveiled S100A6 as a suppressor of antiproliferative signal transducers and activators of transcription 1 signaling. Discovery of the molecular liaison was enabled by combining gene expression time series analysis with bioinformatic pathway modeling in S100A6-silenced human endothelial cells stimulated with vascular endothelial growth factor A. This unbiased approach led to successful identification and experimental validation of interferon-inducible transmembrane protein 1 and protein inhibitors of activated signal transducers and activators of transcription as key components of the link between S100A6 and signal transducers and activators of transcription 1. CONCLUSIONS Given the important role of coordinated endothelial cell cycle activity for integrity and reconstitution of the inner lining of arterial blood vessels in health and disease, signal transducers and activators of transcription 1 suppression by S100A6 may represent a promising therapeutic target to facilitate reendothelialization in damaged vessels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Lerchenmüller
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (C.L., F.D., A.R.), Cardiovascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (F.D.), and Boston Children's Hospital (V.J.B.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Molecular and Translational Cardiology (MTC), Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (C.L., J.H., I.K., M. Busch, P.M.); Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Switzerland (M.-L.B.-P.); DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (K.H., M. Busch, H.A.K., P.M.); Center for Translational Medicine, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, PA (K.P., P.M.); Systems Biology of the Cellular Microenvironment Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany (H.B., M. Boerries); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Freiburg, Germany (H.B., M. Boerries); and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (H.B., M. Boerries).
| | - Julian Heißenberg
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (C.L., F.D., A.R.), Cardiovascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (F.D.), and Boston Children's Hospital (V.J.B.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Molecular and Translational Cardiology (MTC), Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (C.L., J.H., I.K., M. Busch, P.M.); Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Switzerland (M.-L.B.-P.); DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (K.H., M. Busch, H.A.K., P.M.); Center for Translational Medicine, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, PA (K.P., P.M.); Systems Biology of the Cellular Microenvironment Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany (H.B., M. Boerries); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Freiburg, Germany (H.B., M. Boerries); and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (H.B., M. Boerries)
| | - Federico Damilano
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (C.L., F.D., A.R.), Cardiovascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (F.D.), and Boston Children's Hospital (V.J.B.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Molecular and Translational Cardiology (MTC), Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (C.L., J.H., I.K., M. Busch, P.M.); Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Switzerland (M.-L.B.-P.); DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (K.H., M. Busch, H.A.K., P.M.); Center for Translational Medicine, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, PA (K.P., P.M.); Systems Biology of the Cellular Microenvironment Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany (H.B., M. Boerries); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Freiburg, Germany (H.B., M. Boerries); and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (H.B., M. Boerries)
| | - Vassilios J Bezzeridis
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (C.L., F.D., A.R.), Cardiovascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (F.D.), and Boston Children's Hospital (V.J.B.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Molecular and Translational Cardiology (MTC), Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (C.L., J.H., I.K., M. Busch, P.M.); Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Switzerland (M.-L.B.-P.); DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (K.H., M. Busch, H.A.K., P.M.); Center for Translational Medicine, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, PA (K.P., P.M.); Systems Biology of the Cellular Microenvironment Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany (H.B., M. Boerries); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Freiburg, Germany (H.B., M. Boerries); and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (H.B., M. Boerries)
| | - Isabel Krämer
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (C.L., F.D., A.R.), Cardiovascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (F.D.), and Boston Children's Hospital (V.J.B.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Molecular and Translational Cardiology (MTC), Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (C.L., J.H., I.K., M. Busch, P.M.); Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Switzerland (M.-L.B.-P.); DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (K.H., M. Busch, H.A.K., P.M.); Center for Translational Medicine, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, PA (K.P., P.M.); Systems Biology of the Cellular Microenvironment Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany (H.B., M. Boerries); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Freiburg, Germany (H.B., M. Boerries); and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (H.B., M. Boerries)
| | - Marie-Luce Bochaton-Piallat
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (C.L., F.D., A.R.), Cardiovascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (F.D.), and Boston Children's Hospital (V.J.B.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Molecular and Translational Cardiology (MTC), Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (C.L., J.H., I.K., M. Busch, P.M.); Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Switzerland (M.-L.B.-P.); DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (K.H., M. Busch, H.A.K., P.M.); Center for Translational Medicine, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, PA (K.P., P.M.); Systems Biology of the Cellular Microenvironment Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany (H.B., M. Boerries); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Freiburg, Germany (H.B., M. Boerries); and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (H.B., M. Boerries)
| | - Kristóf Hirschberg
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (C.L., F.D., A.R.), Cardiovascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (F.D.), and Boston Children's Hospital (V.J.B.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Molecular and Translational Cardiology (MTC), Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (C.L., J.H., I.K., M. Busch, P.M.); Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Switzerland (M.-L.B.-P.); DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (K.H., M. Busch, H.A.K., P.M.); Center for Translational Medicine, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, PA (K.P., P.M.); Systems Biology of the Cellular Microenvironment Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany (H.B., M. Boerries); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Freiburg, Germany (H.B., M. Boerries); and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (H.B., M. Boerries)
| | - Martin Busch
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (C.L., F.D., A.R.), Cardiovascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (F.D.), and Boston Children's Hospital (V.J.B.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Molecular and Translational Cardiology (MTC), Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (C.L., J.H., I.K., M. Busch, P.M.); Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Switzerland (M.-L.B.-P.); DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (K.H., M. Busch, H.A.K., P.M.); Center for Translational Medicine, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, PA (K.P., P.M.); Systems Biology of the Cellular Microenvironment Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany (H.B., M. Boerries); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Freiburg, Germany (H.B., M. Boerries); and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (H.B., M. Boerries)
| | - Hugo A Katus
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (C.L., F.D., A.R.), Cardiovascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (F.D.), and Boston Children's Hospital (V.J.B.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Molecular and Translational Cardiology (MTC), Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (C.L., J.H., I.K., M. Busch, P.M.); Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Switzerland (M.-L.B.-P.); DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (K.H., M. Busch, H.A.K., P.M.); Center for Translational Medicine, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, PA (K.P., P.M.); Systems Biology of the Cellular Microenvironment Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany (H.B., M. Boerries); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Freiburg, Germany (H.B., M. Boerries); and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (H.B., M. Boerries)
| | - Karsten Peppel
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (C.L., F.D., A.R.), Cardiovascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (F.D.), and Boston Children's Hospital (V.J.B.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Molecular and Translational Cardiology (MTC), Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (C.L., J.H., I.K., M. Busch, P.M.); Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Switzerland (M.-L.B.-P.); DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (K.H., M. Busch, H.A.K., P.M.); Center for Translational Medicine, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, PA (K.P., P.M.); Systems Biology of the Cellular Microenvironment Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany (H.B., M. Boerries); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Freiburg, Germany (H.B., M. Boerries); and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (H.B., M. Boerries)
| | - Anthony Rosenzweig
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (C.L., F.D., A.R.), Cardiovascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (F.D.), and Boston Children's Hospital (V.J.B.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Molecular and Translational Cardiology (MTC), Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (C.L., J.H., I.K., M. Busch, P.M.); Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Switzerland (M.-L.B.-P.); DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (K.H., M. Busch, H.A.K., P.M.); Center for Translational Medicine, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, PA (K.P., P.M.); Systems Biology of the Cellular Microenvironment Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany (H.B., M. Boerries); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Freiburg, Germany (H.B., M. Boerries); and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (H.B., M. Boerries)
| | - Hauke Busch
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (C.L., F.D., A.R.), Cardiovascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (F.D.), and Boston Children's Hospital (V.J.B.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Molecular and Translational Cardiology (MTC), Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (C.L., J.H., I.K., M. Busch, P.M.); Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Switzerland (M.-L.B.-P.); DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (K.H., M. Busch, H.A.K., P.M.); Center for Translational Medicine, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, PA (K.P., P.M.); Systems Biology of the Cellular Microenvironment Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany (H.B., M. Boerries); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Freiburg, Germany (H.B., M. Boerries); and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (H.B., M. Boerries)
| | - Melanie Boerries
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (C.L., F.D., A.R.), Cardiovascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (F.D.), and Boston Children's Hospital (V.J.B.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Molecular and Translational Cardiology (MTC), Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (C.L., J.H., I.K., M. Busch, P.M.); Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Switzerland (M.-L.B.-P.); DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (K.H., M. Busch, H.A.K., P.M.); Center for Translational Medicine, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, PA (K.P., P.M.); Systems Biology of the Cellular Microenvironment Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany (H.B., M. Boerries); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Freiburg, Germany (H.B., M. Boerries); and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (H.B., M. Boerries).
| | - Patrick Most
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (C.L., F.D., A.R.), Cardiovascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (F.D.), and Boston Children's Hospital (V.J.B.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Molecular and Translational Cardiology (MTC), Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (C.L., J.H., I.K., M. Busch, P.M.); Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Switzerland (M.-L.B.-P.); DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (K.H., M. Busch, H.A.K., P.M.); Center for Translational Medicine, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, PA (K.P., P.M.); Systems Biology of the Cellular Microenvironment Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany (H.B., M. Boerries); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Freiburg, Germany (H.B., M. Boerries); and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (H.B., M. Boerries)
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Messina NL, Clarke CJP, Johnstone RW. Constitutive IFNα/β signaling maintains expression of signaling intermediaries for efficient cytokine responses. JAKSTAT 2016; 5:e1173804. [PMID: 27512617 DOI: 10.1080/21623996.2016.1173804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are a family of immunoregulatory cytokines with important roles in anti-viral and anti-tumor responses. Type I and II IFNs bind distinct receptors and are associated with different stages of the immune response. There is however, considerable crosstalk between these two cytokines with enhancement of IFNγ responses following IFNα/β priming and loss of IFNα/β receptor (IFNAR) resulting in diminished IFNγ responses. In this study, we sought to define the mechanism of crosstalk between the type I and II IFNs. Our previous reports demonstrated reduced expression of the canonically activated transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1, in cells lacking the IFNAR α chain (IFNAR1). Therefore, we used microarray analysis to determine whether reconstitution of STAT1 in IFNAR1-deficient cells was sufficient to restore IFNγ responses. We identified several biological pathways, including the MHC class I antigen presentation pathway, in which STAT1 reconstitution was able to significantly rescue IFNγ-mediated gene regulation in Ifnar1 (-/-) cells. Notably, we also found that in addition to low basal expression of STAT1, cells lacking the IFNAR1 also had aberrant expression of multiple other transcription factors and signaling intermediaries. The studies described herein demonstrate that basal and regulated expression of signaling intermediaries is a mechanism for crosstalk between cytokines including type I and II IFNs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Messina
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Ricky W Johnstone
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Hastings AK, Amato KR, Wen SC, Peterson LS, Williams JV. Human metapneumovirus small hydrophobic (SH) protein downregulates type I IFN pathway signaling by affecting STAT1 expression and phosphorylation. Virology 2016; 494:248-56. [PMID: 27131212 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Type I interferon (IFN) is a key mediator of antiviral immunity. Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) inhibits IFN signaling, but does not encode homologues of known IFN antagonists. We tested the hypothesis that a specific viral protein prevents type I IFN signaling by targeting signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT1). We found that human airway epithelial cells (capable of expressing IFNs) became impaired for STAT1 phosphorylation even without direct infection due to intrinsic negative feedback. HMPV-infected Vero cells (incapable of expressing IFN) displayed lower STAT1 expression and impaired STAT1 phosphorylation in response to type I IFN treatment compared to mock-infected cells. Transient overexpression of HMPV small hydrophobic (SH) protein significantly inhibited STAT1 phosphorylation and signaling, and recombinant virus lacking SH protein was unable to inhibit STAT1 phosphorylation. Our results indicate a role for the SH protein of HMPV in the downregulation of type I IFN signaling through the targeting of STAT1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew K Hastings
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Katherine R Amato
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Sherry C Wen
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Laura S Peterson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - John V Williams
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
The unique role of STAT2 in constitutive and IFN-induced transcription and antiviral responses. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2016; 29:71-81. [PMID: 27053489 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In the canonical pathway of IFN-I-mediated signaling, phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT2 leads to heterodimerization and interaction with IRF9. This complex, also known as IFN-stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3), then translocates into the nucleus and binds the IFN-I-stimulated response element (ISRE) leading to the activation of transcription of over 300 interferon stimulated genes (ISGs). In addition, STAT1 homodimers [known as γ-activated factor (GAF)] are formed and translocate to the nucleus, where they target genes containing the γ-activated sequence (GAS). The primary function of ISGF3 is to mediate a rapid and robust IFN-I activated response by regulating transient transcription of antiviral ISGs. This requires the quick assembly of ISGF3 from its pre-existing components STAT1, STAT2 and IRF9 and transport to the nucleus to bind ISRE-containing ISGs. The exact events that take place in formation, nuclear translocation and DNA-binding of active ISGF3 are still not clear. Over the years many studies have provided evidence for the existence of a multitude of alternative STAT2-containing (ISRE or GAS-binding) complexes involved in IFN-I signaling, emphasizing the importance of STAT2 in the regulation of specific IFN-I-induced transcriptional programs, independent of its involvement in the classical ISGF3 complex. This review describes the unique role of STAT2 in differential complex formation of unphosphorylated and phosphorylated ISGF3 components that direct constitutive and IFN-I-stimulated transcriptional responses. In addition, we highlight the existence of a STAT1-independent IFN-I signaling pathway, where STAT2/IRF9 can potentially substitute for the role of ISGF3 and offer a back-up response against viral infection.
Collapse
|
32
|
Andreev K, Trufa DI, Siegemund R, Rieker R, Hartmann A, Schmidt J, Sirbu H, Finotto S. Impaired T-bet-pSTAT1α and perforin-mediated immune responses in the tumoral region of lung adenocarcinoma. Br J Cancer 2015; 113:902-13. [PMID: 26348446 PMCID: PMC4578079 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In spite of modern therapies for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), prognosis for many patients is still poor and survival rates are low. Immunotherapy is the possibility to improve the lung immune response surrounding the tumour. However, this approach requires detailed understanding of the local immune-responses of NSCLC patients. METHODS We analysed samples from three different regions within the lungs of NSCLC patients, whereas we distinguished between patients suffering from adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Expression of type 1 T helper (Th1)/type 1 cytotoxic (Tc1) factors was assessed by quantitative real-time PCR, western blot analyses or immunohistochemistry. Cytotoxic cell activity of CD8(+) T cells was determined via co-culture with autologous tumour cells and apoptosis assay. RESULTS We found decreased levels of the transcription factor T-box expressed in T cells (T-bet or Tbx21) and of the downstream activated IFN-γ-dependent pSTAT1α isoform in the lung tumour areas of patients with NSCLC as compared with tumour-free control regions. In these patients, reduced T-bet and pSTAT1α levels were found associated with increased immunosuppressive markers like cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4, programmed cell death 1 and with a suppression of the Th1 cell cytokine production and Tc1 cell activity. CONCLUSIONS These findings confirm a central role of T-bet in targeted immunotherapy for patients with NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Andreev
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Denis Iulian Trufa
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Raphaela Siegemund
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Ralf Rieker
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Joachim Schmidt
- Institute of Anesthesiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Germany
| | - Horia Sirbu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Susetta Finotto
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
The two interfaces of the STAT1 N-terminus exhibit opposite functions in IFNγ-regulated gene expression. Mol Immunol 2015; 67:596-606. [PMID: 26275341 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Defective cooperative DNA binding of STAT1 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 1) transcription factor has impact on interferon-γ(IFNγ)-regulated transcriptional responses. In this study, we generated N-terminal gain-of-function mutants of this protein which exhibited hyperactive cooperativity and assessed their functional consequences on gene expression. Our data show that four negatively charged, surface-exposed amino acid residues in the N-terminal domain dimer are engaged in the disassembly of tyrosine-phosphorylated tetrameric complexes on DNA and prevent the occurrence of higher-order STAT1 oligomers on low-affinity DNA binding sites. Owing to their improved tetramer stability, the N-terminal mutants showed relaxed sequence requirements for the binding to DNA as compared to the wild-type protein. Similarly to a STAT1 mutant with impaired tetramerization, the N-terminal gain-of-function mutants showed elevated tyrosine-phosphorylation levels and prolonged nuclear accumulation upon stimulation of cells with IFNγ. However, in contrast to the global impairment of IFNγ signalling in tetramerization-deficient mutants, the transcriptional consequences of the N-terminal gain-of-function mutants are rather distinct and affect gene expression locally in a promoter-specific manner. Thus, we conclude that the STAT1 N-domain acts as a double-edged sword: while one interface is crucial for the formation of tetrameric complexes on IFNγ-regulated promoters, the opposite interface harbours an inhibitory mechanism that limits the accumulation of higher-order oligomers simply by disrupting cooperative DNA binding.
Collapse
|
34
|
Laurent-Rolle M, Morrison J, Rajsbaum R, Macleod JML, Pisanelli G, Pham A, Ayllon J, Miorin L, Martinez C, tenOever BR, García-Sastre A. The interferon signaling antagonist function of yellow fever virus NS5 protein is activated by type I interferon. Cell Host Microbe 2015; 16:314-327. [PMID: 25211074 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2014.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
To successfully establish infection, flaviviruses have to overcome the antiviral state induced by type I interferon (IFN-I). The nonstructural NS5 proteins of several flaviviruses antagonize IFN-I signaling. Here we show that yellow fever virus (YFV) inhibits IFN-I signaling through a unique mechanism that involves binding of YFV NS5 to the IFN-activated transcription factor STAT2 only in cells that have been stimulated with IFN-I. This NS5-STAT2 interaction requires IFN-I-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT1 and the K63-linked polyubiquitination at a lysine in the N-terminal region of YFV NS5. We identified TRIM23 as the E3 ligase that interacts with and polyubiquitinates YFV NS5 to promote its binding to STAT2 and trigger IFN-I signaling inhibition. Our results demonstrate the importance of YFV NS5 in overcoming the antiviral action of IFN-I and offer a unique example of a viral protein that is activated by the same host pathway that it inhibits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maudry Laurent-Rolle
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029. USA.,Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029. USA
| | - Juliet Morrison
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029. USA.,Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029. USA
| | - Ricardo Rajsbaum
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029. USA.,Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029. USA
| | - Jesica M Levingston Macleod
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029. USA.,Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029. USA
| | - Giuseppe Pisanelli
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029. USA.,Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029. USA.,Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via F Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Alissa Pham
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029. USA.,Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029. USA
| | - Juan Ayllon
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029. USA.,Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029. USA
| | - Lisa Miorin
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029. USA.,Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029. USA
| | - Carles Martinez
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029. USA.,Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029. USA
| | - Benjamin R tenOever
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029. USA.,Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029. USA
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029. USA.,Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029. USA.,Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029. USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Nallar SC, Kalvakolanu DV. Interferons, signal transduction pathways, and the central nervous system. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2015; 34:559-76. [PMID: 25084173 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2014.0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The interferon (IFN) family of cytokines participates in the development of innate and acquired immune defenses against various pathogens and pathogenic stimuli. Discovered originally as a proteinaceous substance secreted from virus-infected cells that afforded immunity to neighboring cells from virus infection, these cytokines are now implicated in various human pathologies, including control of tumor development, cell differentiation, and autoimmunity. It is now believed that the IFN system (IFN genes and the genes induced by them, and the factors that regulate these processes) is a generalized alarm of cellular stress, including DNA damage. IFNs exert both beneficial and deleterious effects on the central nervous system (CNS). Our knowledge of the IFN-regulated processes in the CNS is far from being clear. In this article, we reviewed the current understanding of IFN signal transduction pathways and gene products that might have potential relevance to diseases of the CNS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shreeram C Nallar
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Program in Oncology, Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Riebeling T, Staab J, Herrmann-Lingen C, Meyer T. DNA binding reduces the dissociation rate of STAT1 dimers and impairs the interdimeric exchange of protomers. BMC BIOCHEMISTRY 2014; 15:28. [PMID: 25526807 PMCID: PMC4284922 DOI: 10.1186/s12858-014-0028-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A shift between two dimer conformations has been proposed for the transcription factor STAT1 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 1) which links DNA binding of the parallel dimer to tyrosine dephosphorylation of the antiparallel dimer as two consecutive and important steps in interferon- γ (IFNγ)-mediated signalling. However, neither the kinetics nor the molecular mechanisms involved in this conformational transition have been determined so far. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that the dissociation of dimers into monomers and their subsequent re-association into newly formed tyrosine-phosphorylated dimers is a relatively slow process as compared to the fast release from high-affinity DNA-binding sites, termed GAS (gamma-activated sequence). In addition, we noted an inhibitory effect of GAS binding on the exchange rate of protomers, indicating that DNA binding substantially impedes the recombination of dimeric STAT1. Furthermore, we found that reciprocal aminoterminal interactions between two STAT1 molecules are not required for the interchange of protomers, as an oligomerization-deficient point mutant displayed similar interdimeric exchange kinetics as the wild-type molecule. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that DNA binding impairs the oscillation rate between STAT1 conformers. Furthermore, these data suggest that the rapid release from high-affinity GAS sites is not a rate-limiting step in IFNγ-mediated signal transduction. Further investigations are needed to decipher the physiological significance of the observed dissociation/re-association process of STAT1 dimers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Riebeling
- Klinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Waldweg 33, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Julia Staab
- Klinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Waldweg 33, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Christoph Herrmann-Lingen
- Klinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Waldweg 33, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Thomas Meyer
- Klinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Waldweg 33, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Stahl P, Ruppert V, Schwarz RT, Meyer T. Trypanosoma cruzi evades the protective role of interferon-gamma-signaling in parasite-infected cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110512. [PMID: 25340519 PMCID: PMC4207753 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi is responsible for the zoonotic Chagas disease, a chronic and systemic infection in humans and warm-blooded animals typically leading to progressive dilated cardiomyopathy and gastrointestinal manifestations. In the present study, we report that the transcription factor STAT1 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 1) reduces the susceptibility of human cells to infection with T. cruzi. Our in vitro data demonstrate that interferon -γ (IFNγ) pre-treatment causes T. cruzi-infected cells to enter an anti-parasitic state through the activation of the transcription factor STAT1. Whereas stimulation of STAT1-expressing cells with IFNγ significantly impaired intracellular replication of parasites, no protective effect of IFNγ was observed in STAT1-deficient U3A cells. The gene encoding indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (ido) was identified as a STAT1-regulated target gene engaged in parasite clearance. Exposure of cells to T. cruzi trypomastigotes in the absence of IFNγ resulted in both sustained tyrosine and serine phosphorylation of STAT1 and its increased DNA binding. Furthermore, we found that in response to T. cruzi the total amount of intracellular STAT1 increased in an infectious dose-dependent manner, both at the mRNA and protein level. While STAT1 activation is a potent strategy of the host in the fight against the invading pathogen, amastigotes replicating intracellularly antagonize this pathway by specifically promoting the dephosphorylation of STAT1 serine 727, thereby partially circumventing its protective effects. These findings point to the crucial role of the IFNγ/STAT1 signal pathway in the evolutionary combat between T. cruzi parasites and their host.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Stahl
- Institut für Virologie, AG Parasitologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Volker Ruppert
- Klinik für Kardiologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ralph T. Schwarz
- Institut für Virologie, AG Parasitologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, UMR CNRS/USTL n° 8576, Université de Lille1 Sciences et Technologies, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Thomas Meyer
- Klinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Lasfar A, Cook JR, Cohen Solal KA, Reuhl K, Kotenko SV, Langer JA, Laskin DL. Critical role of the endogenous interferon ligand-receptors in type I and type II interferons response. Immunology 2014; 142:442-52. [PMID: 24597649 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Separate ligand-receptor paradigms are commonly used for each type of interferon (IFN). However, accumulating evidence suggests that type I and type II IFNs may not be restricted to independent pathways. Using different cell types deficient in IFNAR1, IFNAR2, IFNGR1, IFNGR2 and IFN-γ, we evaluated the contribution of each element of the IFN system to the activity of type I and type II IFNs. We show that deficiency in IFNAR1 or IFNAR2 is associated with impairment of type II IFN activity. This impairment, presumably resulting from the disruption of the ligand-receptor complex, is obtained in all cell types tested. However, deficiency of IFNGR1, IFNGR2 or IFN-γ was associated with an impairment of type I IFN activity in spleen cells only, correlating with the constitutive expression of type II IFN (IFN-γ) observed on those cells. Therefore, in vitro the constitutive expression of both the receptors and the ligands of type I or type II IFN is critical for the enhancement of the IFN activity. Any IFN deficiency can totally or partially impair IFN activity, suggesting the importance of type I and type II IFN interactions. Taken together, our results suggest that type I and type II IFNs may regulate biological activities through distinct as well as common IFN receptor complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Lasfar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA; Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Hüntelmann B, Staab J, Herrmann-Lingen C, Meyer T. A conserved motif in the linker domain of STAT1 transcription factor is required for both recognition and release from high-affinity DNA-binding sites. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97633. [PMID: 24847715 PMCID: PMC4029728 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Binding to specific palindromic sequences termed gamma-activated sites (GAS) is a hallmark of gene activation by members of the STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription) family of cytokine-inducible transcription factors. However, the precise molecular mechanisms involved in the signal-dependent finding of target genes by STAT dimers have not yet been very well studied. In this study, we have characterized a sequence motif in the STAT1 linker domain which is highly conserved among the seven human STAT proteins and includes surface-exposed residues in close proximity to the bound DNA. Using site-directed mutagenesis, we have demonstrated that a lysine residue in position 567 of the full-length molecule is required for GAS recognition. The substitution of alanine for this residue completely abolished both binding to high-affinity GAS elements and transcriptional activation of endogenous target genes in cells stimulated with interferon-γ (IFNγ), while the time course of transient nuclear accumulation and tyrosine phosphorylation were virtually unchanged. In contrast, two glutamic acid residues (E559 and E563) on each monomer are important for the dissociation of dimeric STAT1 from DNA and, when mutated to alanine, result in elevated levels of tyrosine-phosphorylated STAT1 as well as prolonged IFNγ-stimulated nuclear accumulation. In conclusion, our data indicate that the kinetics of signal-dependent GAS binding is determined by an array of glutamic acid residues located at the interior surface of the STAT1 dimer. These negatively charged residues appear to align the long axis of the STAT1 dimer in a position perpendicular to the DNA, thereby facilitating the interaction between lysine 567 and the phosphodiester backbone of a bound GAS element, which is a prerequisite for transient gene induction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Hüntelmann
- Klinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Julia Staab
- Klinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Herrmann-Lingen
- Klinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Meyer
- Klinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
STAT1β is not dominant negative and is capable of contributing to gamma interferon-dependent innate immunity. Mol Cell Biol 2014; 34:2235-48. [PMID: 24710278 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00295-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor STAT1 is essential for interferon (IFN)-mediated immunity in humans and mice. STAT1 function is tightly regulated, and both loss- and gain-of-function mutations result in severe immune diseases. The two alternatively spliced isoforms, STAT1α and STAT1β, differ with regard to a C-terminal transactivation domain, which is absent in STAT1β. STAT1β is considered to be transcriptionally inactive and to be a competitive inhibitor of STAT1α. To investigate the functions of the STAT1 isoforms in vivo, we generated mice deficient for either STAT1α or STAT1β. As expected, the functions of STAT1α and STAT1β in IFN-α/β- and IFN-λ-dependent antiviral activity are largely redundant. In contrast to the current dogma, however, we found that STAT1β is transcriptionally active in response to IFN-γ. In the absence of STAT1α, STAT1β shows more prolonged IFN-γ-induced phosphorylation and promoter binding. Both isoforms mediate protective, IFN-γ-dependent immunity against the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes, although with remarkably different efficiencies. Our data shed new light on the potential contributions of the individual STAT1 isoforms to STAT1-dependent immune responses. Knowledge of STAT1β's function will help fine-tune diagnostic approaches and help design more specific strategies to interfere with STAT1 activity.
Collapse
|
41
|
Dill MT, Makowska Z, Trincucci G, Gruber AJ, Vogt JE, Filipowicz M, Calabrese D, Krol I, Lau DT, Terracciano L, van Nimwegen E, Roth V, Heim MH. Pegylated IFN-α regulates hepatic gene expression through transient Jak/STAT activation. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:1568-81. [PMID: 24569457 DOI: 10.1172/jci70408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of pegylated interferon-α (pegIFN-α) has replaced unmodified recombinant IFN-α for the treatment of chronic viral hepatitis. While the superior antiviral efficacy of pegIFN-α is generally attributed to improved pharmacokinetic properties, the pharmacodynamic effects of pegIFN-α in the liver have not been studied. Here, we analyzed pegIFN-α-induced signaling and gene regulation in paired liver biopsies obtained prior to treatment and during the first week following pegIFN-α injection in 18 patients with chronic hepatitis C. Despite sustained high concentrations of pegIFN-α in serum, the Jak/STAT pathway was activated in hepatocytes only on the first day after pegIFN-α administration. Evaluation of liver biopsies revealed that pegIFN-α induces hundreds of genes that can be classified into four clusters based on different temporal expression profiles. In all clusters, gene transcription was mainly driven by IFN-stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3). Compared with conventional IFN-α therapy, pegIFN-α induced a broader spectrum of gene expression, including many genes involved in cellular immunity. IFN-induced secondary transcription factors did not result in additional waves of gene expression. Our data indicate that the superior antiviral efficacy of pegIFN-α is not the result of prolonged Jak/STAT pathway activation in hepatocytes, but rather is due to induction of additional genes that are involved in cellular immune responses.
Collapse
|
42
|
Trilling M, Le VTK, Rashidi-Alavijeh J, Katschinski B, Scheller J, Rose-John S, Androsiac GE, Jonjić S, Poli V, Pfeffer K, Hengel H. “Activated” STAT Proteins: A Paradoxical Consequence of Inhibited JAK-STAT Signaling in Cytomegalovirus-Infected Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 192:447-58. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1203516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
43
|
Reciprocal inhibition between intracellular antiviral signaling and the RNAi machinery in mammalian cells. Cell Host Microbe 2013; 14:435-45. [PMID: 24075860 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 08/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is an established antiviral defense mechanism in plants and invertebrates. Whether RNAi serves a similar function in mammalian cells remains unresolved. We find that in some cell types, mammalian RNAi activity is reduced shortly after viral infection via poly-ADP-ribosylation of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), a core component of RNAi. Well-established antiviral signaling pathways, including RIG-I/MAVS and RNaseL, contribute to inhibition of RISC. In the absence of virus infection, microRNAs repress interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) associated with cell death and proliferation, thus maintaining homeostasis. Upon detection of intracellular pathogen-associated molecular patterns, RISC activity decreases, contributing to increased expression of ISGs. Our results suggest that, unlike in lower eukaryotes, mammalian RISC is not antiviral in some contexts, but rather RISC has been co-opted to negatively regulate toxic host antiviral effectors via microRNAs.
Collapse
|
44
|
Messina NL, Banks KM, Vidacs E, Martin BP, Long F, Christiansen AJ, Smyth MJ, Clarke CJP, Johnstone RW. Modulation of antitumour immune responses by intratumoural
Stat1
expression. Immunol Cell Biol 2013; 91:556-67. [DOI: 10.1038/icb.2013.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Messina
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer CentreEast MelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Deptartment of Pathology, University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Kellie M Banks
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer CentreEast MelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Eva Vidacs
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer CentreEast MelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Ben P Martin
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer CentreEast MelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Fennella Long
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer CentreEast MelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Ailsa J Christiansen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETHZ)ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Mark J Smyth
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical ResearchHerstonQueenslandAustralia
- School of Medicine, University of QueenslandHerstonQueenslandAustralia
| | - Christopher J P Clarke
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer CentreEast MelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Deptartment of Pathology, University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Ricky W Johnstone
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer CentreEast MelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Steen HC, Gamero AM. STAT2 phosphorylation and signaling. JAKSTAT 2013; 2:e25790. [PMID: 24416652 PMCID: PMC3876438 DOI: 10.4161/jkst.25790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
STAT2 is an essential transcription factor in type I IFN mediated anti-viral and anti-proliferative signaling. STAT2 function is regulated by tyrosine phosphorylation, which is the trigger for STAT-dimerization, subsequent nuclear translocation, and transcriptional activation of IFN stimulated genes. Evidence of additional STAT2 phosphorylation sites has emerged as well as novel roles for STAT2 separate from the classical ISGF3-signaling. This review aims to summarize knowledge of phosphorylation-mediated STAT2-regulation and future avenues of related STAT2 research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Håkan C Steen
- Department of Biochemistry; Temple University School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Ana M Gamero
- Department of Biochemistry; Temple University School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Staab J, Herrmann-Lingen C, Meyer T. Clinically relevant dimer interface mutants of STAT1 transcription factor exhibit differential gene expression. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69903. [PMID: 23922848 PMCID: PMC3724676 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A transition from a parallel to an antiparallel dimer configuration of the transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) is required for interferon (IFN)-mediated signal transduction. However, the precise molecular mechanisms linking conformational changes to target gene activation by STAT1 are still largely unknown. In the present study, we have characterized, in more detail than before, two disease-associated point mutants with amino acid substitutions at both sites of the dimer interface (F172W and T385A). First, we confirmed that IFNγ-stimulation of transfected cells led to enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation of mutant STAT1 as compared to the wild-type protein, which consequently resulted in its prolonged nuclear accumulation. Using an in vitro dephosphorylation assay, we demonstrated that, in contrast to wild-type STAT1 and similar to the F172W mutant, also T385A resisted enzymatic inactivation by the nuclear phosphatase Tc45. Transcriptional activation of IFNγ-driven endogenous target genes differed between wild-type and mutant STAT1. While expression of genes containing a single classical gamma-activated site (GAS), such as irf1, gpb1, and mig1, was virtually unaffected by the presence of either of two amino acid exchanges, induction of the cxcl10 and mcp1 gene was significantly enhanced. The latter two genes both contain an additional TTC/GAA binding motif separated by 10 bp from the palindromic GAS sequence. The transcriptional superiority of the mutants on these genes was reflected by their increased binding affinity to DNA fragments containing the identified “one-and-a-half-GAS” motif. In summary, our data demonstrate that two clinically relevant interface mutants of STAT1 exhibit gene-specific effects and point to the rather complex role of the assumed conformational shift between two different dimer configurations for efficient transcriptional regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Staab
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Meyer
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Devaux P, Priniski L, Cattaneo R. The measles virus phosphoprotein interacts with the linker domain of STAT1. Virology 2013; 444:250-6. [PMID: 23856440 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2013.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The measles virus (MV) phosphoprotein (P) and V proteins block the interferon (IFN) response by impeding phosphorylation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) by the Janus kinase 1 (JAK1). We characterized how STAT1 mutants interact with P and JAK1 phosphorylation. Certain mutants of the linker, the Src-homology 2 domain (SH2), or the transactivation domain had reduced or abolished phosphorylation through JAK1 after IFN treatment. Other mutants, mainly localized in the linker, failed to interact with P as documented by the lack of interference with nuclear translocation. Thus the functional footprint of P on STAT1 localizes mainly to the linker domain; there is also some overlap with the STAT1 phosphorylation functional footprint on the SH2 domain. Based on these observations, we discuss how the MV-P might operate to inhibit the JAK/STAT pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Devaux
- Department of Molecular Medicine, and Virology and Gene Therapy Graduate Track, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
In this Reflections, I review a few early and very lucky events that gave me a running start for the rest of a long and wonderfully enjoyable career. For the main part, a discussion is provided of what I recall as the main illuminating results that my many dozens of students and postdoctoral fellows (approximately 140 in all) provided to our biochemical/molecular biological world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James E Darnell
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Otero DC, Baker DP, David M. IRF7-dependent IFN-β production in response to RANKL promotes medullary thymic epithelial cell development. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2013; 190:3289-98. [PMID: 23440417 PMCID: PMC3608802 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1203086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The contributions of IFN regulatory factor (IRF) 3/7 and the type I IFNs IFN-α/β to the innate host defense have been extensively investigated; however, their role in thymic development is less clear. In this study, we show that mice lacking the type I IFN receptor IFN-α/β receptor (IFNAR) or the downstream transcription factor STAT1 harbor a significant reduction in self-Ag-presenting, autoimmune regulator (AIRE)(+) medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs). Constitutive IFNAR signaling occurs in the thymic medulla in the absence of infection or inflammation. Receptor activator for NF-κB (RANK) ligand stimulation results in IFN-β upregulation, which in turn inhibits RANK signaling and facilitates AIRE expression in mTECs. Finally, we find that IRF7 is required for thymic IFN-β induction, maintenance of thymic architecture, and mTEC differentiation. We conclude that spatially and temporally coordinated cross talks between the RANK ligand/RANK and IRF7/IFN-β/IFNAR/STAT1 pathways are essential for differentiation of AIRE(+) mTECs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis C. Otero
- Division of Biological Sciences and UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Michael David
- Division of Biological Sciences and UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Staab J, Herrmann-Lingen C, Meyer T. A rapid conformational rearrangement of STAT1 dimers is required for termination rather than for amplification of interferon-γ signaling. JAKSTAT 2013; 2:e23576. [PMID: 24058797 PMCID: PMC3670273 DOI: 10.4161/jkst.23576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sequence-specific binding of STAT1 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 1) transcription factor to palindromic promoter elements, termed γ-activated sites (GAS), and an extended spatial reorientation between two dimer configurations are key events in the interferon signaling pathway. Although the DNA-binding domain of STAT1 is engaged in both processes, how the conformational change from a parallel to an antiparallel dimer configuration affects cytokine-induced target gene activation is unknown. In order to study the impact of the conformational shift on gene expression, we generated a STAT1 point mutant with a structurally altered architecture of the DNA-binding domain and characterized the resulting mutant (F364A) in cells stimulated with interferon-γ. Here, we report that substituting alanine for phenylalanine at position 364 resulted in reduced affinity to GAS sites and, additionally, a decreased dephosphorylation rate by the inactivating Tc45 phosphatase. The mutant had no defect in cooperative DNA binding and displayed normal kinetics of interferon-γ-induced nuclear accumulation, despite its elevated level of tyrosine phosphorylation. By assessing the transcriptional activity of the mutant, we found a strikingly robust expression of known interferon-γ-driven target genes, indicating that an impaired stability of the antiparallel dimer configuration can compensate for a reduced affinity to GAS sites. However, the mutant followed changes in ligand-induced receptor activation more slowly than the wild-type molecule, as demonstrated by its elevated phospho-STAT1 concentration following addition of the kinase inhibitor staurosporine to interferon-pretreated cells. This finding showed that the DNA-binding mutant F364A had partially lost its ability to terminate signal transmission rapidly. Thus, the coupling of high-affinity GAS binding to a rapid exchange from a parallel to an antiparallel dimer conformation is not necessarily required for optimal signal amplification, but rather allows for a dynamic signal response and ensures high adaptability to changes in signal input.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Staab
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy; University of Göttingen; Göttingen, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|