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Kusuma IY, Muddather HF, Kurnianto AA, Bahar MA, Kurniasih KI, Tololiu KE, Schelz Z, Zupkó I, Matuz M, Benkő R. Telepharmacy in Indonesia: Navigating Knowledge, Perception, and Readiness Among 6,000 Pharmacists and Related Sociodemographic Determinants. Telemed J E Health 2024; 30:2483-2494. [PMID: 38920005 DOI: 10.1089/tmj.2023.0657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Telepharmacy can improve the delivery of pharmaceutical care services to patients. However, there are limited data regarding the knowledge, perceptions, and readiness (KPR) for telepharmacy in Indonesia. In this cross-sectional survey study, we assessed KPR and associated factors among Indonesian pharmacists, aiming to implement telepharmacy services in the future. Methods: Eligible participants were recruited from all provinces of Indonesia through a 24-item instrument. KPR scores were classified as low, moderate, and high. Sociodemographic characteristics and KPR of participants were summarized using descriptive statistics. Bivariate/multivariate ordinal logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify independent determinants of KPR. An adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated for each determinant. Results: A total of 6,059 pharmacists provided responses. Overall, 58.28% had a high knowledge score, and 63.51% expressed moderate perceptions toward telepharmacy services. Moreover, 70.21% showed a moderate level of readiness. Gender (male; AOR: 1.21 [95% CI: 1.06-1.39]), stable internet access (AOR: 0.75 [95% CI: 0.64-0.86]), and central region (AOR: 1.13 [95% CI: 0.99-1.29]) were significantly associated with perception toward telepharmacy. Readiness was significantly associated with age (17-25 years; AOR: 0.73 [95% CI: (0.60-0.89]), gender (male; AOR: 0.83 [95% CI: 0.72-0.95]), stable internet access (AOR: 0.75 [95% CI: 0.64-0.89]), education level (master/doctoral; AOR: 1.33 [95% CI: 1.06-1.67]), and central region (AOR: 1.29 [95% CI: 1.12-1.49]). Interestingly, knowledge levels were not significantly correlated with specific factors. Conclusions: Participants demonstrated high knowledge, without significant influencing factors. However, they showed moderate perceptions and readiness levels, influenced by sociodemographic factors, including gender, age, education level, internet access, and regional disparities. Therefore, targeted interventions (e.g., telepharmacy training and regional outreach) are imperative to enhancing perceptions and readiness, fostering the effective integration of telepharmacy services, and advancing pharmaceutical care in Indonesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikhwan Yuda Kusuma
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged 6725, Hungary
- Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Health, Universitas Harapan Bangsa, Purwokerto 53182, Indonesia
| | - Hiba F Muddather
- Institute of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged 6720, Hungary
| | - Arie Arizandi Kurnianto
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Muh Akbar Bahar
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged 6725, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Hasanuddin, 90245 Makassar, Indonesia
| | | | - Kevin Efrain Tololiu
- Doctoral School of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Science, University of Pécs, Pécs 7624, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Schelz
- Institute of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged 6720, Hungary
| | - István Zupkó
- Institute of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged 6720, Hungary
| | - Maria Matuz
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged 6725, Hungary
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Centre, Central Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged 6725, Hungary
| | - Ria Benkő
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged 6725, Hungary
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Centre, Central Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged 6725, Hungary
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Centre, Emergency Department, University of Szeged, Szeged 6725, Hungary
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Yap M, Edwards G, Gibbs H, Newnham H, Hancock N, Tong EY. A cohort study comparing pharmacist activities during participation in general medical ward rounds: telehealth versus in-person during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Clin Pharm 2024; 46:522-528. [PMID: 38368283 DOI: 10.1007/s11096-024-01701-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic created systemic challenges in patient care delivery. AIM To evaluate the impact on pharmacist activities during pharmacist participation in ward rounds via telehealth, compared to physical attendance. METHOD A single-centre, retrospective cohort study conducted from 18th Aug through 26th Oct 2020. Patients admitted to COVID and non-COVID general medical teams were included. Pharmacists attended ward rounds via telehealth for COVID teams; physical attendance continued for non-COVID teams. Telehealth involved pharmacists interacting with clinicians and patients virtually via videoconferencing whilst stationed remotely on the ward. Routine clinical pharmacy activities during telehealth ward rounds were compared to those during face-to-face ward rounds using comparative statistics. RESULTS Among the 1230 patients included (762 COVID, 468 non-COVID), pharmacist participation in telehealth ward rounds demonstrated significantly more documented activities compared with face-to-face rounds (mean 6.7 vs 4.9 per patient per day, p < 0.001). The telehealth cohort exhibited a higher number of orders placed via pharmacy-partnered medication charting (3.0 vs 2.4 per patient per day, p < 0.001), medication orders verified (2.3 vs 1.1, p < 0.001), and documented pharmacy notes (0.6 vs 0.2, p < 0.001). No significant difference was observed in medication requests processed (0.4 vs 0.4, p = 738), whilst non-COVID patients had more discharge prescription items generated (0.3 vs 0.7, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Pharmacist involvement in medical ward rounds via telehealth enabled the ongoing provision of advanced clinical pharmacy services to inpatients in isolation rooms during the COVID-19 pandemic. This approach resulted in a greater number of pharmacy activities during telehealth ward rounds compared to standard in-person attendance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yap
- Pharmacy Department, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Gail Edwards
- Pharmacy Department, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Harry Gibbs
- General Medicine Unit, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Harvey Newnham
- General Medicine Unit, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicole Hancock
- General Medicine Unit, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Erica Y Tong
- Pharmacy Department, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Yin Y, Fu W, Liu W, Li F, Gong X, Liu D, Li J. Real-world study of the leakage of two types of infusion bags in multicenter pharmacy intravenous admixture service (PIVAS). Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1273020. [PMID: 37869755 PMCID: PMC10587401 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1273020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: This study sought to analyze the leakage rate, economic loss caused by leakage, leakage reasons, and usage of upright polypropylene infusion bags and non-polyvinyl chloride (PVC) infusion bags, two types of closed intravenous infusion containers used in pharmacy intravenous admixture service (PIVAS), to improve the product quality of drug infusion packaging materials, reduce drug and clinical economic losses, and reduce the safety hazards of medication. Method: A real-world study was used to collect statistics for these infusion containers. The study was conducted in 21 hospitals in China from September to December 2022. Upright polypropylene infusion bags or non-PVC infusion bags in PIVAS of these 21 hospitals were chosen as the research material. Results: In total, 2,349,899 upright polypropylene infusion bags and 3,301,722 non-PVC infusion bags were collected. Eleven cases of upright polypropylene infusion bag leakage occurred (with a the leakage rate of 0.05‱), and 394 cases of non-PVC infusion bag leakage occurred (with a leakage rate of 1.19‱). The leakage rate of non-PVC infusion bags was significantly higher than that of upright polypropylene infusion bags (p < 0.01). The main reason for leakage in upright polypropylene infusion bags was sharp objects such as glass fragments or aluminum caps piercing the bag. The main reason for leakage in non-PVC infusion bags was squeezing, stacking, and uneven arrangement that causes folding of edges. For non-PVC bags, additional reasons for leakage included leakage at the nozzle joint, excessive manual or machine throwing force, and excessive dosage. The economic loss of upright polypropylene infusion bags was 1,116.56 CNY. The economic loss of non-PVC infusion bags was 32,210.86 CNY. Conclusion: Based on real-world study data on the leakage of upright polypropylene infusion bags and non-PVC infusion bags in multicenter PIVAS, it can be concluded that the leakage rates of upright polypropylene infusion bags are significantly lower than those of non-PVC infusion bags in PIVAS, and the economic losses due to upright polypropylene infusion bags are lower than those due to non-PVC infusion bags in PIVAS. Therefore, we can infer that upright polypropylene infusion bags are superior to non-PVC infusion bags.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchao Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenhua Liu
- Clinical Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Feie Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuepeng Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Watson KE, Schindel TJ, Chan JCH, Tsuyuki RT, Al Hamarneh YN. A photovoice study on community pharmacists' roles and lived experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Res Social Adm Pharm 2023; 19:944-955. [PMID: 36935325 PMCID: PMC10008092 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Community pharmacists were the face of the health response to the unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic. Their pivotal role during the pandemic has been widely recognized, as they adapted to continue to provide a higher level of care to their patients. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to gain a deeper understanding of frontline pharmacists' lived experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on their roles. METHODS Photovoice, a visual research method that uses participant-generated photographs to articulate their experiences, was used with semi-structured interviews to explore pharmacists' lived experiences. Frontline community pharmacists who provided direct patient care during the COVID-19 pandemic in Alberta, Canada were recruited. Participants were asked to provide 3-5 photos that reflected on how they see themselves as a pharmacist and/or represents what they do as a pharmacist. Data analysis incorporated content, thematic and visual analysis and was facilitated using NVivo software. A published conceptual framework model was used as the foundation of the analysis with care taken to include new concepts. Ethics approval was obtained from the University of Alberta health research ethics board. RESULTS Interviews were conducted with 21 participants and they 71 photos. This study advanced the conceptual framework model presented in a scoping review, of what was made visible (pharmacists' information, public health, and medication management roles) and what was invisible but made visible by the pandemic (pharmacists' leadership roles). It was revealed through the reflective nature of this study the important leadership role pharmacists have in their communities. CONCLUSIONS This study highlighted the work of community pharmacists responding to the COVID-19 pandemic through their information, public health, medication management, and leadership roles. Their experiences also made visible the cost their work had on them as they did more to adapt and continually respond as the pandemic evolved. Pharmacists recognized their role as leaders in their practice and communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn E Watson
- EPICORE Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Canada.
| | - Theresa J Schindel
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - Jonathan C H Chan
- EPICORE Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Canada; Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - Ross T Tsuyuki
- EPICORE Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - Yazid N Al Hamarneh
- EPICORE Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Canada
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Al-Azzawi S, Masheta D. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on dispensing medicines in the community pharmacy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RISK & SAFETY IN MEDICINE 2023; 34:295-311. [PMID: 37355915 DOI: 10.3233/jrs-220061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The world has faced an unprecedented challenge since COVID-19 emerged as a pandemic, which has led to quarantine and disruptions in drug services. During the pandemic, drug use habits and availability changed, causing a shift in behaviors and, in turn, medicine misuse. In Iraq, this is a major problem because many medicines can be easily obtained. OBJECTIVE The study aims to describe the pattern of dispensing medications during the pandemic and to evaluate the biochemical and pathological consequences. METHOD The analytical, observational, cross-sectional study was performed via a compiled questionnaire for 400 random pharmacists, and the analysis and interpretation of the biochemical changes and medical reports. RESULTS Results revealed that dispensing of medications since the COVID-19 outbreak has increased by 74%, and the demand for medicines seems higher than required in comparison to the periods before the pandemic, while 60% of the dispensed medicines were taken just in case needed. In addition, the availability of medicines decreased by 61%, and the dispensing of common medicines increased due to the belief in their prophylactic action. Several biochemical abnormalities and pathological consequences were recorded due to the irrational use of medicines, and the highest percentage (12%) was seen in hepatic and liver enzymatic dysfunction and 8% for the endocrine and hormonal abnormalities. CONCLUSION It can be concluded that most of the dispensed medicines were not used on a therapeutic or scientific basis during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafq Al-Azzawi
- College of Pharmacy, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
- PhD/Pharmacy, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - Dhafir Masheta
- College of Pharmacy, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
- PhD/Pharmacy, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
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Cen ZF, Tang PK, Hu H, Cavaco AC, Zeng L, Lei SL, Ung COL. Systematic literature review of adopting eHealth in pharmaceutical care during COVID-19 pandemic: recommendations for strengthening pharmacy services. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e066246. [PMID: 36418133 PMCID: PMC9684285 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study aimed to determine how eHealth was adopted in pharmaceutical care (PC), the outcome reported and the contextual factors. DESIGN Systematic literature review in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. DATA SOURCES Literature was searched in six databases including PubMed, Scopus, Medline, Web of Science, Science Direct and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Studies which reported the usage experiences of eHealth in any aspects of PC by pharmacists during the COVID-19 pandemic, written in English or Chinese, and published in peer-reviewed journals between December 2019 and March 2022 were included. Opinion articles, conference abstracts, correspondence, letters and editorials were excluded. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS The literature search was completed on 15 April 2022. Two researchers independently conducted the literature search and extracted the data into an Excel table informed by the logic model with the key components of goals, input, activities, output and contextual factors. RESULTS Forty-three studies were included in this review. During the COVID-19 pandemic, hospital pharmacists, community pharmacists and specialist pharmacists in 17 countries continued to educate, consult, monitor and manage the patients and the general public via phone calls, videoconferences, mobile applications, social media, websites and/or enhanced interoperability of electronic medical records. Assuring the continuity of pharmacy care, reduced need for hospital visits, and improved work accuracy and efficiency were the benefits of eHealth mostly reported. Contextual factors affecting the adoption of eHealth were multifaceted, prompting supporting actions at the levels of government, hospital/pharmacy, pharmacists and patients. CONCLUSION This study revealed the wide adoption of eHealth in PC during the pandemic and the emerging evidence for its importance. Proper adoption of eHealth will help reshape the mode of pharmacy services to ensure continuity, quality and efficiency of care amid the challenges of the pandemic. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42022299812.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Feng Cen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR China
| | - Pou Kuan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR China
| | - Hao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR China
- Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR China
| | | | - Luoxin Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, Kiang Wu Hospital, Macao SAR, China
| | - Sut Leng Lei
- Department of Pharmacy, Kiang Wu Hospital, Macao SAR, China
| | - Carolina Oi Lam Ung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR China
- Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR China
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Jia X, Zhang W, Du S, Wen L, Li H, Yin Z, Li J, Zhang X. What Is the Role of Pharmacists in Treating COVID-19 Patients? The Experiences and Expectations of Front Line Medical Staff. Front Public Health 2022; 9:778863. [PMID: 34988052 PMCID: PMC8720774 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.778863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: The study aimed to understand the role and the core values of pharmacists and the professional expectations of medical staff for pharmacists in treating COVID-19 patients from the perspectives of the frontline medical staff. The findings help to understand and provide a reference for the career growth path of future pharmacists. Methods: A phenomenological method was used to conduct in-depth interviews with frontline medical staff working in isolation wards during COVID-19. The interview data were analyzed, and the themes were extracted. Results: Pharmacists played a positive role in ensuring the supply of non-routinely stocked drugs, including traditional Chinese medicine preventative preparations, providing drug information and medication consultation for complex patients, and identifying adverse drug reactions. However, at present, the integration of pharmacists and nurses is poor with inadequate communication, and the pharmaceutical care activities provided to physicians were still not comprehensive. Conclusions: The level of pharmaceutical care provided by pharmacists needs to be further strengthened. Frontline medical teams generally have high professional expectations for pharmacists, including expecting pharmacists to become drug therapy experts. They expect pharmacists to fully participate in clinical decision-making, especially playing a central role in managing drug interactions, contraindications, and other clinical uses of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuedong Jia
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuzhang Du
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Linlin Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongye Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhao Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaojian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Wang X, Yao X, Jia X, Shi X, Hao J, Yang Y, Liu G, Zhang X, Du S, Yin Z. A qualitative study on the working experiences of clinical pharmacists in fighting against COVID-19. BMC Health Serv Res 2022; 22:28. [PMID: 34986824 PMCID: PMC8728479 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-021-07419-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has overwhelmed healthcare systems across the world. Along with the medical team, clinical pharmacists played a significant role during the public health emergency of COVID-19. This study aimed to explore the working experience of clinical pharmacists and provide reference for first-line clinical pharmacists to prepare for fighting against COVID-19. METHODS A qualitative study based on descriptive phenomenology was employed with face-to-face and audio-recorded interviews to study the working experience of 13 clinical pharmacists (including two clinical nutritional pharmacists). All interviews were transcribed verbatim, and the interview data were analyzed thematically using NVivo software. RESULTS Four themes emerged from interview data, including roles of clinical pharmacists, working experiences of clinical pharmacists, psychological feelings of clinical pharmacists, and career expectations of clinical pharmacists. CONCLUSIONS The results contributed to a deeper understanding of the clinical pharmacists' work experiences in COVID-19 and offered guidance to better prepare clinical pharmacists in participating in a public health crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Wang
- Department of pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiali Yao
- Department of pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xuedong Jia
- Department of pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiangfen Shi
- Department of pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jie Hao
- Department of pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yantao Yang
- Department of pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiaojian Zhang
- Department of pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Shuzhang Du
- Department of pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhao Yin
- Department of pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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Stralen ACV, Carvalho CL, Girardi SN, Massote AW, Cherchiglia ML. Estratégias internacionais de flexibilização da regulação da prática de profissionais de saúde em resposta à pandemia da COVID-19: revisão de escopo. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00116321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A COVID-19 foi classificada como pandemia pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) em 11 de março de 2020. Diante da sua acelerada propagação, governantes, comunidades e serviços de saúde estão tendo que agir na mesma velocidade para ampliar a capacidade da força de trabalho em saúde. Este estudo objetivou, a partir do método revisão de escopo [scoping review], identificar as principais estratégias relacionadas a medidas de flexibilização de regulações que regem as práticas de profissionais de saúde que vêm sendo adotadas e/ou recomendadas internacionalmente. O estudo seguiu as etapas propostas pelo Instituto Joanna Briggs. Para a construção da questão de pesquisa, utilizou-se o método PCC (população, conceito e contexto). A busca se baseou nas seguintes bases de dados: PubMed, Scopus e Base de Dados da OMS; e na literatura cinzenta. Foram identificados 36 documentos, classificados nas seguintes estratégias: (1) ampliação de escopo de prática; (2) transferência de funções de uma categoria profissional para outra; (3) autorização para atendimento e faturamento via telemedicina; (4) licenciamento e recrutamento de profissionais não ativos; (5) recrutamento de profissionais de outras regiões/estado; (6) mudanças na formação e oferta de treinamento. Uma das estratégias mais importantes em resposta a situações de escassez de profissionais de saúde tem sido e a disponibilidade para adaptar, ampliar e redistribuir as atividades dos profissionais, de modo a atender as rápidas mudanças. Esta revisão reflete a importância em se realizarem reformas nas regulações profissionais de forma a otimizar a força de trabalho em saúde existente para que esta possa atender às demandas constantes de necessidade da população.
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Muflih SM, Al‐Azzam S, Abuhammad S, Jaradat SK, Karasneh R, Shawaqfeh MS. Pharmacists' experience, competence and perception of telepharmacy technology in response to COVID-19. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14209. [PMID: 33819372 PMCID: PMC8250242 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the telepharmacy model, the pharmacist can play a pivotal role in delivering pharmaceutical services for patients. However, evidence of pharmacists' impact on improving patient outcomes through disease outbreak through telepharmacy is sparse. OBJECTIVES This study aims to examine pharmacists' attitudes towards clinical benefits and identify challenges regarding the use of telepharmacy during the COVID-19 pandemic in Jordan. METHOD A cross-sectional survey design was used to recruit eligible participants from both hospital and community pharmacies. RESULTS A total of 364 pharmacists agreed to participate in the study. The majority of the participants (70.6%) expressed favourable attitudes towards telepharmacy to accurately capture and report signs and symptoms of COVID-19. Almost 91% agreed that patients can receive immediate medical feedback while using telepharmacy services. Pharmacists (87%) emphasised their role in the monitoring of physiological parameters when entered by patients using telepharmacy technology. However, more than half of the participants reported that lack of reimbursement and evidence-based studies might hinder the use of telemedicine technology to deliver remote clinical services. CONCLUSION The need for implementing telepharmacy technology has been further boosted because of its noticeable benefits in promoting convenient healthcare services remotely in emergency situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhaib M. Muflih
- Department of Clinical PharmacyFaculty of PharmacyJordan University of Science and TechnologyIrbidJordan
| | - Sayer Al‐Azzam
- Department of Clinical PharmacyFaculty of PharmacyJordan University of Science and TechnologyIrbidJordan
| | - Sawsan Abuhammad
- Department of Maternal‐Child Health NursingFaculty of NursingJordan University of Science and TechnologyIrbidJordan
| | - Sara K. Jaradat
- Department of Clinical PharmacyFaculty of PharmacyJordan University of Science and TechnologyIrbidJordan
| | - Reema Karasneh
- Department of Basic Medical SciencesFaculty of MedicineYarmouk UniversityIrbidJordan
| | - Mohammad S. Shawaqfeh
- Department of Pharmacy PracticeCollege of PharmacyKing Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health SciencesRiyadhSaudi Arabia
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Yang Q, Ai L, Yang W. Practical value analysis of nursing risk management in intravenous drug allocation. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:7053-7058. [PMID: 34306463 PMCID: PMC8290723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the practical value of nursing risk management in intravenous drug allocation. METHODS A total of 1200 patients who received infusion therapy in our hospital were prospectively selected and divided into an observation group (n=600) and a control group (n=600) using a random number table method. The former was given nursing risk management, while the control group was not. The incidence rate of intravenous infusion errors, the incidence rate of infusion reactions, the scores of near-miss items in pharmacy intravenous admixture services and subjective satisfaction were observed and compared between the two groups. RESULTS The incidence of intravenous infusion errors and infusion reactions in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05), while the scores of near-miss items in pharmacy intravenous admixture services and subjective satisfaction were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Nursing risk management can reduce the incidence of errors in clinical pharmacy intravenous admixture services and the incidence rate of infusion reactions, improve infusion safety, and promote the improvement of the subjective satisfaction of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yang
- Pharmacy Intravenous Admixture Services, The Sixth Hospital of Wuhan, Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan UniversityWuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Li Ai
- Integrated TCM & Western Medicine Department, The Sixth Hospital of Wuhan, Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan UniversityWuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- Integrated TCM & Western Medicine Department, The Sixth Hospital of Wuhan, Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan UniversityWuhan, Hubei Province, China
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Sami SA, Marma KKS, Chakraborty A, Singha T, Rakib A, Uddin MG, Hossain MK, Uddin SMN. A comprehensive review on global contributions and recognition of pharmacy professionals amidst COVID-19 pandemic: moving from present to future. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021; 7:119. [PMID: 34150911 PMCID: PMC8195448 DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00273-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19, a respiratory tract infection caused by SARS-CoV-2, is a burning question worldwide as it gives rise to a pandemic situation. No specific medications are still recommended for COVID-19; however, healthcare support is crucial for ameliorating the disease condition. Pharmacists are the frontline fighters who are responsible for providing healthcare support to the COVID-19 infected patients around the world. This review endeavored to briefly rationalize the contributions of several pharmacy professionals in diverse fields along with their collaborative efforts and dedication regarding their limitations during the COVID-19 situation and view the prospects of pharmaceutical care services in the post-pandemic period. MAIN BODY OF THE ABSTRACT Online databases were utilized to search for scholarly articles and organizational websites, to sum up the information about the contemporary and expanded role of pharmacists. Key articles were retrieved from Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct databases using terms: "COVID-19," "novel coronavirus," "community," "industrial," "hospital," "clinical," "recognition," "obstacles," "collaboration," "SARS-CoV-2," "healthcare," and "outbreak" in combination with "pharmacist." The articles were included from the inception of the pandemic to January 25, 2021. The current review found pharmacist's global contributions and involvements with other professionals to provide healthcare services amidst COVID-19. This included testing of suspects, providing medical information, psycho-social support, debunking myths, mitigating drug shortage events, telemedicine, e-prescription, infection control, and controlling the drug supply chain. In many countries, pharmacists' activities were much appreciated but in some countries, they were not properly acknowledged for their contributions amidst COVID-19 outbreak. They played additional roles such as participating in the antimicrobial stewardship team, improving value-added services, conducting clinical data analysis to suppress the outspread of the SARS-CoV-2. SHORT CONCLUSION During the COVID-19 pandemic while the whole world is fighting against an invisible virus, the pharmacists are the earnest hero to serve their responsibilities along with additional activities. They need to be prepared and collaborate with other healthcare professionals further to meet the challenges of post-pandemic circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Ahmed Sami
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, 4331 Bangladesh
| | - Kay Kay Shain Marma
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, 4331 Bangladesh
| | - Agnila Chakraborty
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, 4331 Bangladesh
| | - Tandra Singha
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, 4331 Bangladesh
| | - Ahmed Rakib
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, 4331 Bangladesh
| | - Md. Giash Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, 4331 Bangladesh
| | | | - S. M. Naim Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, 4331 Bangladesh
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13
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Watson KE, Schindel TJ, Barsoum ME, Kung JY. COVID the Catalyst for Evolving Professional Role Identity? A Scoping Review of Global Pharmacists' Roles and Services as a Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic. PHARMACY 2021; 9:99. [PMID: 34064467 PMCID: PMC8162558 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy9020099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic requires a range of healthcare services to meet the needs of society. The objective was to explore what is known about the roles and services performed by frontline pharmacists during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. A scoping review was conducted of frontline pharmacists' roles and services during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. A medical librarian conducted comprehensive searches in five bibliographic databases-MEDLINE (via Ovid), Embase (Ovid), CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science Core Collection for articles published between December 2019 and December 2020. The initial search retrieved 3269 articles. After removing duplicates, 1196 articles titles and abstracts were screened, 281 full texts were reviewed for eligibility, and 63 articles were included. This scoping review presents a conceptual framework model of the different layers made visible by COVID-19 of pharmacist roles in public health, information, and medication management. It is theorized that there is an invisible layer of change representing evolving professional role identity that may influence permanent role change following the pandemic. Thus, the pharmacy profession needs to build upon the lessons and experiences of this global pandemic and not let the momentum of the visible and invisible changes go to waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn E. Watson
- EPICORE Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V2, Canada
| | - Theresa J. Schindel
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada; (T.J.S.); (M.E.B.)
| | - Marina E. Barsoum
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada; (T.J.S.); (M.E.B.)
- Oakville Trafalgar Memorial Hospital, Oakville, ON L6M 0L8, Canada
| | - Janice Y. Kung
- John W. Scott Health Sciences Library, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R7, Canada;
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14
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Sridhar SB, Rabbani SA. Pharmaceutical care services provided by pharmacists during COVID-19 pandemic: perspectives from around the World. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH 2021. [PMCID: PMC8083237 DOI: 10.1093/jphsr/rmab017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Pharmacists have proven to be an indispensable member of the frontline healthcare team during this COVID-19 pandemic and have performed key roles and responsibilities to mitigate its adverse impact. They are facing several unusual challenges in these changing and evolving circumstances and are adopting novel strategies to overcome them. This review aims to identify and describe the different pharmaceutical care services delivered by pharmacists during this ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A review of different studies was conducted to appraise the existing literature regarding various pharmaceutical care services carried out by the pharmacist during the COVID-19 pandemic. The review was done using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA). A comprehensive literature search was done using different databases such as MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase and ProQuest to identify the relevant studies. Key findings The review highlights the various pharmaceutical care services provided and implemented by pharmacists during the COVID-19 pandemic. Pharmaceutical care services like patient education and counselling, providing information, addressing medication shortages, teleconsultation, medication review, optimizing medication regimen, adverse drug reaction monitoring and addressing the medication-related problems are being delivered by the pharmacists in this ongoing pandemic. Conclusions All the studies described the roles and responsibilities of the pharmacists during COVID-19. This pandemic adversity has opened up new avenues for the pharmacists which have broadened their scope as the member of multidisciplinary healthcare team. Pharmacists have to overcome the unforeseen barriers and challenges and continue providing need-based pharmaceutical care services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathvik B Sridhar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, RAK College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Syed Arman Rabbani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, RAK College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
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15
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Aston J, Singh I, Cheng C, Considine A. Hospital pharmacy response to COVID-19 at two UK teaching hospitals: a departmental review of actions implemented to inform future strategy. Eur J Hosp Pharm 2021; 29:e36-e40. [PMID: 33853853 PMCID: PMC8050871 DOI: 10.1136/ejhpharm-2020-002626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To determine the views of pharmacy staff on a departmental response to wave 1 of the UK COVID-19 pandemic in order to inform a strategy for a second wave at two large UK National Health Service (NHS) hospitals. Methods This study was undertaken at two large teaching hospitals in the UK. Pharmacy staff attended local departmental focus groups. Staff attendance included pharmacists, pharmacy technicians and pharmacy assistants representing all pharmacy services including aseptics, ward-based services, dispensary/distribution and procurement. Responses were transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis. Results A total of 138 pharmacy staff attended the departmental focus groups. This study identified which pharmacy-related changes implemented in the first wave will be beneficial to take forward into a second wave. These included extending the hours of the pharmacy service to critical care, retaining the competence of pharmacists and pharmacy technicians redeployed to critical care during wave 1, development of standard operating procedures for changes in practice, delivering/posting of dispensed outpatient medication to patients’ place of residence, maintenance of ward-based pharmacy services, use of the healthcare app PANDO to aid team communication, utilisation of remote-controlled drug ordering, deployment of a COVID-19 ward stocklist, procurement of ready-made bags/prefilled syringes of critical care medications, aligning the central intravenous additive service with critical care demand to reduce waste and establishment of a pharmacy response in line with the hospital’s implementation plan. Conclusions This study has provided a number of recommendations for how hospital pharmacy departments may respond to a global pandemic. These experiences derived from the pharmacy departments at two large UK NHS Trusts may be used by other healthcare providers to help inform the pharmacy response to a global pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Aston
- Pharmacy Department, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Inderjit Singh
- Pharmacy Department, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Caroline Cheng
- Pharmacy Department, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Aisling Considine
- Pharmacy Department, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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16
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Hasen G, Edris R, Chala G, Tefera Y, Hussen H, Tekassa T, Suleman S. Medicines dispensing practice during the era of COVID-19 pandemic: a commentary. J Pharm Policy Pract 2021; 14:1. [PMID: 33397497 PMCID: PMC7780590 DOI: 10.1186/s40545-020-00285-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic is putting a huge strain on healthcare systems and is a turning point for the beginning of a global health crisis of an unprecedented condition. As such, the provision of quality pharmacy services particularly, dispensing practice with pre-existing challenges in resource-limited settings is a grave concern in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, in this commentary we described the pattern of dispensing practice in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic by evaluating the current condition of drug dispensing practice in drug retail outlets of Jimma Town.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemmechu Hasen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jimma University, P.O. Box: 378, Jimma, Ethiopia. .,Laboratory of Drug Quality (JuLaDQ), Jimma University, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
| | - Rashed Edris
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jimma University, P.O. Box: 378, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Gadisa Chala
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jimma University, P.O. Box: 378, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Yesuneh Tefera
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jimma University, P.O. Box: 378, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Hawi Hussen
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Tamirat Tekassa
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jimma University, P.O. Box: 378, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Sultan Suleman
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jimma University, P.O. Box: 378, Jimma, Ethiopia.,Laboratory of Drug Quality (JuLaDQ), Jimma University, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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17
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Cheong MWL. "To be or not to be in the ward": The impact of COVID-19 on the role of hospital-based clinical pharmacists-A qualitative study. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CLINICAL PHARMACY 2020; 3:1458-1463. [PMID: 32838225 PMCID: PMC7436366 DOI: 10.1002/jac5.1315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has significantly affected health care systems around the world. In many hospitals and health care facilities, services and health care workers have been reorganized and restructured to meet the demands of the pandemic. The impact of the pandemic on hospital-based clinical pharmacists and their ability to deliver pharmaceutical care is currently unknown. Objective This study aimed to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospital-based clinical pharmacists working in Malaysia and the implications on how clinical pharmacy is perceived as a health care service. Methods A qualitative study was designed to meet the research objectives. Nineteen hospital-based clinical pharmacists consented and participated in one-on-one, semi-structured interviews. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed using an iterative thematic analysis approach. Results The experiences and views of the participants were reported. Three main themes were developed: "Reassignment and other changes in clinical pharmacist roles," "Adapting clinical pharmacy services to COVID-19," and "The need for clinical pharmacists in the ward." The findings indicate that in many cases, clinical pharmacy services were fully or partially withdrawn from the ward to reduce the risk of infection and to conserve the usage of personal protective equipment. Despite this, clinical pharmacists continued to support patient care in hospitals through the use of technology. The withdrawal of clinical pharmacy services, however, raises concern that the role of clinical pharmacists is still poorly recognized. Conclusion Clinical pharmacists in hospitals continue to support patient care despite the disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Greater support and recognition of their role is required in order to empower and enhance their ability to deliver pharmaceutical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark W. L. Cheong
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University MalaysiaBandar SunwaySelangorMalaysia
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18
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Goff DA, Ashiru‐Oredope D, Cairns KA, Eljaaly K, Gauthier TP, Langford BJ, Mahmoud SF, Messina AP, Michael UC, Saad T, Schellack N. Global contributions of pharmacists during the COVID-19 pandemic. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CLINICAL PHARMACY 2020; 3:1480-1492. [PMID: 33043280 PMCID: PMC7537072 DOI: 10.1002/jac5.1329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Throughout the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) global pandemic, pharmacists were rarely mentioned as essential frontline health care providers by the news media, the public, or politicians. Around the world, pharmacists are working on the frontlines of health care every day providing essential health care services during the pandemic. Pharmacists are medication experts providing patient care in a variety of settings including hospitals, clinics, community pharmacies, long-term care, physician offices, and national and public health. In this paper, we describe how pharmacists from high and low-middle income countries contributed to essential patient care and well-being of the public during the COVID-19 pandemic. While the news media, the public, and politicians often overlooked pharmacists as essential frontline health care providers, we hope that this list of contributions by pharmacists from nine countries in this article can help to change this perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra A. Goff
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterThe Ohio State University College of PharmacyColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Diane Ashiru‐Oredope
- National Infection ServicePublic Health EnglandLondonUK
- Commonwealth Pharmacists AssociationLondonUK
| | | | - Khalid Eljaaly
- Faculty of PharmacyKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia
- College of PharmacyUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA
| | | | - Bradley J. Langford
- Public Health OntarioTorontoOntarioCanada
- Hotel Dieu Shaver Health and Rehabilitation CentreSt. CatharinesOntarioCanada
| | | | - Angeliki P. Messina
- Division of PharmacyNetcare Hospitals LtdJohannesburgSouth Africa
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | | | - Thérèse Saad
- Department of PharmacyAmerican University of Beirut Medical CenterBeirutLebanon
| | - Natalie Schellack
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health SciencesSefako Makgatho Health Sciences UniversityPretoriaSouth Africa
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19
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Lau AH. Sustainable and cascading international partnerships for professional advancement. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CLINICAL PHARMACY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jac5.1279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alan H. Lau
- College of Pharmacy University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago Illinois USA
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