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Rajković KM, Stanković M, Markićević M, Zavišić G, Vranješ-Đurić S, Janković D, Obradović Z, Stanković D. Chemical Composition and Protective Possibilities of Juglans Nigra Leaves and Green Husks Extracts: DNA Binding and Micronucleus Assay in Human Lymphocytes. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1669. [PMID: 38931101 PMCID: PMC11207762 DOI: 10.3390/plants13121669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
To better understand the mechanism of action of the compounds in the ethanolic extracts of J. nigra leaves and green husks, their binding to CT-DNA was investigated. This study was conducted to elucidate the in vitro protective effect of extracts against chromosomal damage in mitogen-induced human lymphocytes and investigate the possible application of selec+ted extracts as a natural source of polyphenolic compounds. Using HPLC-MS analysis, 103 different compounds were identified as having a higher number of active species, which is consistent with their activity. The frequency of micronuclei (MN) was scored in binucleated cells, and the nuclear proliferation index was calculated. Cyclic voltammetry experiments demonstrate that the nature of the interaction between extracts and CT-DNA is a synergy of electrostatic and intercalative modes, where leaves extracts showed a higher ability to bind to DNA. Extracts showed excellent antioxidant activity. At a concentration of only 4 µg/mL, extract of J. nigra leaves and the green husks reduced the incidence of MN by 58.2% and 64.5%, respectively, compared to control cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina M. Rajković
- The Academy of Applied Preschool Teaching and Health Studies, Kosančićeva 36, 37000 Kruševac, Serbia;
| | - Miroslava Stanković
- Nuclear Facilities of Serbia, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, Vinča, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan Markićević
- Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia (IORS), Department of Radiotherapy Physics, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gordana Zavišić
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University Business Academy Novi Sad, Trg mladenaca 5, 21101 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Sanja Vranješ-Đurić
- “Vinča” Institute of Nuclear Sciences—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Serbia, POB 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia (Z.O.)
| | - Drina Janković
- “Vinča” Institute of Nuclear Sciences—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Serbia, POB 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia (Z.O.)
| | - Zorica Obradović
- “Vinča” Institute of Nuclear Sciences—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Serbia, POB 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia (Z.O.)
| | - Dalibor Stanković
- “Vinča” Institute of Nuclear Sciences—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Serbia, POB 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia (Z.O.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Ognjanović M, Nikolić K, Bošković M, Pastor F, Popov N, Marciuš M, Krehula S, Antić B, Stanković DM. Electrochemical Determination of Morphine in Urine Samples by Tailoring FeWO 4/CPE Sensor. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:932. [PMID: 36354441 PMCID: PMC9688003 DOI: 10.3390/bios12110932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Morphine (MORPH) is natural alkaloid and mainly used as a pain reliever. Its monitoring in human body fluids is crucial for modern medicine. In this paper, we have developed an electrochemical sensor for submicromolar detection of MORPH. The sensor is based on modified carbon paste electrode (CPE) by investigating the FexW1-xO4 ratio in iron tungstate (FeWO4), as well as the ratio of this material in CPE. For the first time, the effect of the iron-tungsten ratio in terms of achieving the best possible electrochemical characteristics for the detection of an important molecule for humans was examined. Morphological and electrochemical characteristics of materials were studied. The best results were obtained using Fe1W3 and 7.5% of modifier in CPE. For MORPH detection, square wave voltammetry (SWV) was optimized. Under the optimized conditions, Fe1W3@CPE resulted in limit of detection (LOD) of the method of 0.58 µM and limit of quantification (LOQ) of 1.94 µM. The linear operating range between 5 and 85 µM of MORPH in the Britton-Robinson buffer solution (BRBS) at pH 8 as supporting electrolyte was obtained. The Fe1W3@CPE sensor resulted in good selectivity and excellent repeatability with relative standard deviation (RSD) and was applied in real-world samples of human urine. Application for direct MORPH detection, without tedious sample pretreatment procedures, suggests that developed electrochemical sensor has appeared to be a suitable competitor for efficient, precise, and accurate monitoring of the MORPH in biological fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miloš Ognjanović
- VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Nikolić
- VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marko Bošković
- VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ferenc Pastor
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nina Popov
- Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marijan Marciuš
- Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Stjepko Krehula
- Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Bratislav Antić
- VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dalibor M. Stanković
- VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Current and Future Perspective of Devices and Diagnostics for Opioid and OIRD. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040743. [PMID: 35453493 PMCID: PMC9030757 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OIRD (opioid-induced respiratory depression) remains a significant public health concern due to clinically indicated and illicit opioid use. Respiratory depression is the sine qua non of opioid toxicity, and early detection is critical for reversal using pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic interventions. In addition to respiratory monitoring devices such as pulse oximetry, capnography, and contactless monitoring systems, novel implantable sensors and detection systems such as optical detection and electrochemical detection techniques are being developed to identify the presence of opioids both in vivo and within the environment. These new technologies will not only monitor for signs and symptoms of OIRD but also serve as a mechanism to alert and assist first responders and lay rescuers. The current opioid epidemic brings to the forefront the need for additional accessible means of detection and diagnosis. Rigorous evaluation of safety, efficacy, and acceptability will be necessary for both new and established technologies to have an impact on morbidity and mortality associated with opioid toxicity. Here, we summarized existing and advanced technologies for opioid detection and OIRD management with a focus on recent advancements in wearable and implantable opioid detection. We expect that this review will serve as a complete informative reference for the researchers and healthcare professionals working on the subject and allied fields.
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JAFARI MT, REZAEI B, BAHRAMI H. Magnetic Dual-template Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Nanoparticles for the Simultaneous Determination of Acetaminophen and Codeine in Urine Samples by Ion Mobility Spectrometry. ANAL SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.34.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Behzad REZAEI
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology
| | - Hajar BAHRAMI
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology
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Miao M, Zhao G, Wang Y, Xu L, Dong J, Cheng P. Spray-inlet microwave plasma torch ionization tandem mass spectrometry for the direct detection of drug samples in liquid solutions. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2017; 31:2092-2100. [PMID: 28913969 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Drug abuse or dependence results in a series of social problems, including crime and traffic accidents. Spray-inlet microwave plasma torch tandem mass spectrometry (MPT-MS/MS) was developed and used for the direct detection of such drugs in liquid solutions. METHODS Drug sample solutions were directly sprayed into the flame of an MPT by a sampling pump and the ions produced by Penning ionization and ion-molecule reactions were guided into a quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) tandem mass spectrometer for mass analysis. The MPT was operated at 40 W and 2.45 GHz in a 700 mL/min argon flow both for the inner and middle plasma. RESULTS Intact quasi-molecular and molecular ions of various drugs were successfully characterized by spray-inlet MPT-MS/MS. The analysis of one sample was finished within 30 s. Furthermore, the method exhibited excellent efficiency, precision and sensitivity, and the limits of detection and limits of quantification of the samples in methanol were in the range of 5.25-60.0 and 17.5-200 ng g-1 , respectively. Excellent linearities with coefficients of determination (R2 ) of 0.9627-0.9980 were verified in the range 0.05-50 μg g-1 . Four different beverages purchased locally were also analyzed with spray-inlet MPT-MS/MS, and caffeine was directly determined in two of the beverages. By adding six standard drug samples to sport drinks (each drug was 1 μg g-1 ) and Chinese spirit (each drug was 0.1 μg g-1 ), all the drugs except for caffeine were detected successfully. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that spay-inlet MPT-MS/MS is an effective method for direct and rapid identification of drug solutions, and it has substantial potential for fast and sensitive drug residue detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Miao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Gaosheng Zhao
- College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Yaliang Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Li Xu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Junguo Dong
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Ping Cheng
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
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Yang F, Zou Y, Ni C, Wang R, Wu M, Liang C, Zhang J, Yuan X, Liu W. Magnetic dispersive solid-phase extraction based on modified magnetic nanoparticles for the detection of cocaine and cocaine metabolites in human urine by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:4234-4245. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feiyu Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence; Shanghai Research Institute of Criminal Science and Technology; Shanghai China
| | - Yun Zou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence; Shanghai Research Institute of Criminal Science and Technology; Shanghai China
| | - Chunfang Ni
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence; Shanghai Research Institute of Criminal Science and Technology; Shanghai China
| | - Rong Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence; Shanghai Research Institute of Criminal Science and Technology; Shanghai China
| | - Min Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence; Shanghai Research Institute of Criminal Science and Technology; Shanghai China
| | - Chen Liang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence; Shanghai Research Institute of Criminal Science and Technology; Shanghai China
| | - Jiabin Zhang
- Enriching Biotechnology (Shanghai) Co. Ltd.; Shanghai China
| | - Xiaoliang Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence; Shanghai Research Institute of Criminal Science and Technology; Shanghai China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence; Shanghai Research Institute of Criminal Science and Technology; Shanghai China
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Nakhla DS, Hussein LA, Magdy N, Abdallah IA, Hassan HE. Precise simultaneous quantification of methadone and cocaine in rat serum and brain tissue samples following their successive i.p. administration. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1048:19-29. [PMID: 28192759 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay with dual UV detection has been developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of methadone and cocaine in rat serum and brain tissue samples. Liquid-liquid extraction using hexanes was applied for samples extraction with Levo-Tetrahydropalmatine (L-THP) as the internal standard. Chromatographic separation of the analytes was achieved on a reversed-phase Waters Symmetry® C18 column (150mm×4.6mm, 5μm). A gradient elution was employed with a mobile phase consisting of 5mM potassium phosphate containing 0.1% triethylamine (pH=6.5) (A) and acetonitrile (B) with a flow rate of 1mL/min. UV detection was employed at 215nm and 235nm for the determination of methadone and cocaine, respectively. The calibration curves were linear over the range of 0.05-10μg/mL for both methadone and cocaine. The assay was validated according to FDA guidelines for bioanalytical method validation and results were satisfactory and met FDA criteria. Inter-day accuracy values of serum and brain samples ranged from 96.97 to 105.59% while intra-day accuracy values ranged from 91.49 to 111.92%. Stability assays showed that both methadone and cocaine were stable during sample storage, preparation, and analytical procedures. The method was successfully used to analyze biological samples obtained from a drug- drug interaction pharmacokinetics (PK) study conducted in rats to investigate the effect of methadone on cocaine PK. Our method not only can be used for bioanalysis of samples obtained from rats but also can potentially be applied to human biological serum samples to monitor compliance to methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) and to detect possible cocaine-methadone co-abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Nakhla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Lobna A Hussein
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - N Magdy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Inas A Abdallah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Hazem E Hassan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Otero-Fernández M, Cocho JÁ, Tabernero MJ, Bermejo AM, Bermejo-Barrera P, Moreda-Piñeiro A. Direct tandem mass spectrometry for the simultaneous assay of opioids, cocaine and metabolites in dried urine spots. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 784:25-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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9
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Ho YH, Wang CC, Hsiao YT, Ko WK, Wu SM. Analysis of ten abused drugs in urine by large volume sample stacking-sweeping capillary electrophoresis with an experimental design strategy. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1295:136-41. [PMID: 23683398 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A statistical tool equipped with Plackett-Burman design (PBD) and central composite design (CCD) was used for fast stacking analysis of ten frequently consumed drugs, namely codeine, morphine, methamphetamine, ketamine, alprazolam, clonazepam, diazepam, flunitrazepam, nitrazepam and oxazepam, by capillary electrophoresis (CE). This statistical design is expected to help quick analysis with few procedures, avoiding tedious work required because of the large number of variables or parameters. A large volume sample stacking (LVSS)-sweeping CE is developed for concentrating and analyzing the 10 abused drugs. First, phosphate buffer (50 mM, pH 2.3) containing methanol was filled into a capillary and then the extracted urine sample was loaded (1 psi, 200 s) to enhance sensitivity. The sweeping and separating steps were completed simultaneously by phosphate buffer (50 mM, pH 2.3) containing methanol and sodium dodecyl sulfate, within 15 min. Better resolution was obtained by the experimental design than the "one factor at a time" (OFAT) approach. During method validation, calibration plots were linear (r>0.998), over a range of 25-1500 ng/mL for the six benzodiazepines, methamphetamine and ketamine, and 50-3000 ng/mL for codeine and morphine. The RSD of precision and absolute RE of accuracy in intra-day and inter-day assays were below 14.54% and 16.61%, respectively. The minimum limits for detection (S/N=3) of analytes were in the range of 7.5-30 ng/mL. This stacking method increased sensitivity more than 200-fold and can be applied for detection of the presence of methamphetamine in an abuser's urine (3600 ng/mL), which was confirmed by GC-MS. The method is considered feasible for fast screening of abused drugs in urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsiang Ho
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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Thibert V, Legeay P, Chapuis-Hugon F, Pichon V. Synthesis and characterization of molecularly imprinted polymers for the selective extraction of cocaine and its metabolite benzoylecgonine from hair extract before LC–MS analysis. Talanta 2012; 88:412-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Revised: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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11
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Analysis of omnoponum by surface-ionization mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry methods. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 53:1058-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2010] [Revised: 07/01/2010] [Accepted: 07/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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12
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Chiang JF, Hsiao YT, Ko WK, Wu SM. Analysis of multiple abused drugs and hypnotics in urine by sweeping CE. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:2583-9. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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13
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Sensitive HPLC–fluorescence detection of morphine labeled with DIB-Cl in rat brain and blood microdialysates and its application to the preliminarily study of the pharmacokinetic interaction between morphine and diclofenac. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 391:1057-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-2070-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2007] [Revised: 03/07/2008] [Accepted: 03/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Pragst F. Chapter 13 High performance liquid chromatography in forensic toxicological analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-7192(06)06013-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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15
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Pizzolato TM, de Alda MJL, Barceló D. LC-based analysis of drugs of abuse and their metabolites in urine. Trends Analyt Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2007.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Holmes E, Loo RL, Cloarec O, Coen M, Tang H, Maibaum E, Bruce S, Chan Q, Elliott P, Stamler J, Wilson ID, Lindon JC, Nicholson JK. Detection of urinary drug metabolite (xenometabolome) signatures in molecular epidemiology studies via statistical total correlation (NMR) spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2007; 79:2629-40. [PMID: 17323917 PMCID: PMC6688492 DOI: 10.1021/ac062305n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Western populations use prescription and nonprescription drugs extensively, but large-scale population usage is rarely assessed objectively in epidemiological studies. Here we apply statistical methods to characterize structural pathway connectivities of metabolites of commonly used drugs detected routinely in 1H NMR spectra of urine in a human population study. 1H NMR spectra were measured for two groups of urine samples obtained from U.S. participants in a known population study. The novel application of a statistical total correlation spectroscopy (STOCSY) approach enabled rapid identification of the major and certain minor drug metabolites in common use in the population, in particular, from acetaminophen and ibuprofen metabolites. This work shows that statistical connectivities between drug metabolites can be established in routine "high-throughput" NMR screening of human samples from participants who have randomly self-administered drugs. This approach should be of value in considering interpopulation patterns of drug metabolism in epidemiological and pharmacogenetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Holmes
- Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anaesthetics (SORA), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Ruey Leng Loo
- Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anaesthetics (SORA), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Olivier Cloarec
- Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anaesthetics (SORA), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Muireann Coen
- Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anaesthetics (SORA), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Huiru Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Molecular and Atomic Physics, Wuhan Magnetic Resonance Centre, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Elaine Maibaum
- Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anaesthetics (SORA), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Stephen Bruce
- Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anaesthetics (SORA), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Queenie Chan
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College London, St Mary’s Campus, London, UK
| | - Paul Elliott
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College London, St Mary’s Campus, London, UK
| | - Jeremiah Stamler
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ian D. Wilson
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Astra Zeneca, Macclesfield, UK
| | - John C. Lindon
- Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anaesthetics (SORA), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Jeremy K. Nicholson
- Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anaesthetics (SORA), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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Lin YH, Lee MR, Lee RJ, Ko WK, Wu SM. Hair analysis for methamphetamine, ketamine, morphine and codeine by cation-selective exhaustive injection and sweeping micellar electrokinetic chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1145:234-40. [PMID: 17316663 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2006] [Revised: 01/10/2007] [Accepted: 01/15/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We established a capillary electrophoretic method with high sensitivity and specificity for testing hair taken from addicts. After pretreatment of hair sample, the cation-selective exhaustive injection and sweeping micellar electrokinetic chromatography (CSEI-Sweep-MEKC) was used to test for the presence of abused drugs in human hair. These drugs include morphine (M), codeine (C), ketamine (K) and methamphetamine (MA). First, an uncoated fused-silica capillary (40 cm, 50 microm I.D.) was filled with phosphate buffer (50 mM, pH 2.5) containing 30% methanol, followed by high conductivity buffer (100 mM phosphate, 6.9 kPa for 99.9 s). Electrokinetic injection (10 kV, 600 s) was used to load samples and to enhance sensitivity. Stacking steps and separations were performed at -20 kV with detection at 200 nm, using phosphate buffer (25 mM, pH 2.5) containing 20% methanol and 100 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate. Using CSEI-Sweep-MEKC, the analytes could be simultaneously analyzed and have a detection limit down to the level of picogram per milligram hair. During method validation, calibration plots were linear (r > or = 0.999) over a range of 0.15-80 ng/mg hair for MA and K, 0.3-30 ng/mg hair for C and 0.5-50 ng/mg hair for M. The limits of detection were 50 pg/mg hair for MA and K, 100 pg/mg hair for C and 200 pg/mg hair for M (S/N=3, sampling 600 s at 10 kV). Our method was applied for analysis of real hair samples taken from addicts. The addicts' specimens were also analyzed by LC-MS, and showed good coincidence of results. This method has proven feasible for application in detecting trace levels of abused drugs in forensic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hui Lin
- Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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18
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Qiu B, Chen X, Chen HL, Chen GN. Electrochemiluminescence determination of codeine or morphine with an organically modified silicate film immobilizing Ru(bpy)32+. LUMINESCENCE 2007; 22:189-94. [PMID: 17262726 DOI: 10.1002/bio.947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
An ECL approach was developed for the determination of codeine or morphine based on tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) (Ru(bpy)(3)(2+)) immobilized in organically modified silicates (ORMOSILs). Tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) and dimethyldimethoxysilane (DiMe-DiMOS) were selected as co-precursors for ORMOSILs, which were then immobilized on a surface of glassy carbon electrode (GCE) by a dip-coating process. Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) was immobilized in the ORMOSIL film via ion-association with poly(p-styrenesulphonate). The ORMOSIL-modified GCE presented good electrochemical and photochemical activities. In a flow system, the eluted codeine or morphine was oxidized on the modified GCE and reacted with immobilized Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) at a potential of +1.20 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). The modified electrode was used for the ECL determination of codeine or morphine and showed high sensitivity. The calibration curves were linear in the range 2 x 10(-8)-5 x 10(-5) mol/L for codeine and 1 x 10(-7)-3 x 10(-4) mol/L for morphine. The detection limit was 5 x 10(-9) mol/L for codeine and 3 x 10(-8) mol/L for morphine, at signal:noise ratio (S:N)=3. Both codeine and morphine showed reproducibility with RSD values <2.5% at 1.0 x 10(-6) mol/L. Furthermore, the modified electrode immobilized Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) was applied to the ECL determination of codeine or morphine in incitant samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety (Fuzhou University), Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China.
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Lin YH, Li JH, Ko WK, Wu SM. Direct and sensitive analysis of methamphetamine, ketamine, morphine and codeine in human urine by cation-selective exhaustive injection and sweeping micellar electrokinetic chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1130:281-6. [PMID: 16600267 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2005] [Revised: 03/18/2006] [Accepted: 03/20/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Cation-selective exhaustive injection and sweeping micellar electrokinetic chromatography (CSEI-Sweep-MEKC) was directly used to test some abuse drugs in human urine, including morphine (M), codeine (C), ketamine (K) and methamphetamine (MA). First, phosphate buffer (50 mM, pH 2.5) containing 30% methanol was filled into uncoated fused silica capillary (40 cm, 50 microm I.D.), then high conductivity buffer (100 mM phosphate, 6.9 kPa for 99.9 s) was followed. Electrokinetic injection (10 kV, 500 s) was used to load samples and to enhance sensitivity. The stacking step and separation were performed at -20 kV and 200 nm using phosphate buffer (25 mM, pH 2.5) containing 20% methanol and 100 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate. Using CSEI-Sweep-MEKC, the analytes could be simultaneously analyzed and have a detection limit down to ppb level. It was unnecessary to have sample pretreatments. During method validation, calibration plots were linear (r>or=0.9982) over a range of 150-3,000 ng/mL for M and C, 250-5,000 n g/mL for MA, and 50-1,000 ng/mL for K. The limits of detection were 15 ng/mL for M and C, and 5 ng/mL for MA and K (S/N=3, sampling 500 s at 10 kV). Comparing with capillary zone electrophoresis, the results indicated that this stacking method could increase 6,000-fold sensitivity for analysis of MA. Our method was applied for analysis of 28 real urine samples. The results showed good coincidence with immunoassay and GC-MS. This method was feasible for application to detect trace levels of abused drugs in forensic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hui Lin
- Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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