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Zhou T, Shen Y, Lyu J, Yang L, Wang HJ, Hong S, Ji Y. Medication Usage Record-Based Predictive Modeling of Neurodevelopmental Abnormality in Infants under One Year: A Prospective Birth Cohort Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:713. [PMID: 38610136 PMCID: PMC11011488 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12070713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Early identification of children with neurodevelopmental abnormality is a major challenge, which is crucial for improving symptoms and preventing further decline in children with neurodevelopmental abnormality. This study focuses on developing a predictive model with maternal sociodemographic, behavioral, and medication-usage information during pregnancy to identify infants with abnormal neurodevelopment before the age of one. In addition, an interpretable machine-learning approach was utilized to assess the importance of the variables in the model. In this study, artificial neural network models were developed for the neurodevelopment of five areas of infants during the first year of life and achieved good predictive efficacy in the areas of fine motor and problem solving, with median AUC = 0.670 (IQR: 0.594, 0.764) and median AUC = 0.643 (IQR: 0.550, 0.731), respectively. The final model for neurodevelopmental abnormalities in any energy region of one-year-old children also achieved good prediction performance. The sensitivity is 0.700 (IQR: 0.597, 0.797), the AUC is 0.821 (IQR: 0.716, 0.833), the accuracy is 0.721 (IQR: 0.696, 0.739), and the specificity is 0.742 (IQR: 0.680, 0.748). In addition, interpretable machine-learning methods suggest that maternal exposure to drugs such as acetaminophen, ferrous succinate, and midazolam during pregnancy affects the development of specific areas of the offspring during the first year of life. This study established predictive models of neurodevelopmental abnormality in infants under one year and underscored the prediction value of medication exposure during pregnancy for the neurodevelopmental outcomes of the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Zhou
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (T.Z.); (Y.S.); (J.L.); (H.-J.W.)
- Peking University Health Science Center-Weifang Joint Research Center for Maternal and Child Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yaojia Shen
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (T.Z.); (Y.S.); (J.L.); (H.-J.W.)
- Peking University Health Science Center-Weifang Joint Research Center for Maternal and Child Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jinlang Lyu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (T.Z.); (Y.S.); (J.L.); (H.-J.W.)
- Peking University Health Science Center-Weifang Joint Research Center for Maternal and Child Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Li Yang
- Tongzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Beijing, Beijing 101101, China;
| | - Hai-Jun Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (T.Z.); (Y.S.); (J.L.); (H.-J.W.)
- Peking University Health Science Center-Weifang Joint Research Center for Maternal and Child Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shenda Hong
- National Institute of Health Data Science, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China;
| | - Yuelong Ji
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (T.Z.); (Y.S.); (J.L.); (H.-J.W.)
- Peking University Health Science Center-Weifang Joint Research Center for Maternal and Child Health, Beijing 100191, China
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Wang C, Bhutta A, Zhang X, Liu F, Liu S, Latham LE, Talpos JC, Patterson TA, Slikker W. Development of a primate model to evaluate the effects of ketamine and surgical stress on the neonatal brain. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:624-632. [PMID: 37208914 PMCID: PMC10350805 DOI: 10.1177/15353702231168144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
With advances in pediatric and obstetric surgery, pediatric patients are subject to complex procedures under general anesthesia. The effects of anesthetic exposure on the developing brain may be confounded by several factors including pre-existing disorders and surgery-induced stress. Ketamine, a noncompetitive N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, is routinely used as a pediatric general anesthetic. However, controversy remains about whether ketamine exposure may be neuroprotective or induce neuronal degeneration in the developing brain. Here, we report the effects of ketamine exposure on the neonatal nonhuman primate brain under surgical stress. Eight neonatal rhesus monkeys (postnatal days 5-7) were randomly assigned to each of two groups: Group A (n = 4) received 2 mg/kg ketamine via intravenous bolus prior to surgery and a 0.5 mg/kg/h ketamine infusion during surgery in the presence of a standardized pediatric anesthetic regimen; Group B (n = 4) received volumes of normal saline equivalent to those of ketamine given to Group A animals prior to and during surgery, also in the presence of a standardized pediatric anesthetic regimen. Under anesthesia, the surgery consisted of a thoracotomy followed by closing the pleural space and tissue in layers using standard surgical techniques. Vital signs were monitored to be within normal ranges throughout anesthesia. Elevated levels of cytokines interleukin (IL)-8, IL-15, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1β at 6 and 24 h after surgery were detected in ketamine-exposed animals. Fluoro-Jade C staining revealed significantly higher neuronal degeneration in the frontal cortex of ketamine-exposed animals, compared with control animals. Intravenous ketamine administration prior to and throughout surgery in a clinically relevant neonatal primate model appears to elevate cytokine levels and increase neuronal degeneration. Consistent with previous data on the effects of ketamine on the developing brain, the results from the current randomized controlled study in neonatal monkeys undergoing simulated surgery show that ketamine does not provide neuroprotective or anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Adnan Bhutta
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
- Riley Children’s Hospital, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Fang Liu
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Shuliang Liu
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Leah E Latham
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - John C Talpos
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Tucker A Patterson
- Office of Research, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
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3
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Abstract
General anesthesia has been unequivocally linked to abnormal development of the central nervous system, leading to neurocognitive impairments in laboratory models. In vitro and in vivo studies have consistently shown that exposure to GABA agonists (eg, volatile anesthetics, midazolam, and propofol) or NMDA antagonists (eg, ketamine, isoflurane, and nitrous oxide) produces dose dependent and developmental age dependent effects on various neuronal transmission systems. Exposure to these drugs increases neuronal cell death in juvenile animals including rats, mice, and non-human primates. The possibility of anesthetic induced neurotoxicity occurring in children has led to concerns about the safety of pediatric anesthesia. A spectrum of behavioral changes has been documented after general anesthetic exposure in young children, including emergence delirium, which may be evidence of toxicity. Most clinical studies are retrospective; specifics about medications or monitoring are unavailable and many of the outcomes may not be sensitive to detect small neurocognitive deficits. Some of these retrospective studies have shown an association between anesthesia exposure at a young age and neurocognitive deficits, but others have not. Practitioners and families should be reassured that although general anesthetics have the potential to induce neurotoxicity, very little clinical evidence exists to support this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Ellen McCann
- Department of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sulpicio G Soriano
- Department of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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4
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Eustaquio T, Wang C, Dugard CK, George NI, Liu F, Slikker W, Paule MG, Howard PC, Paredes AM. Electron microscopy techniques employed to explore mitochondrial defects in the developing rat brain following ketamine treatment. Exp Cell Res 2018; 373:164-170. [PMID: 30342004 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Ketamine, an FDA-approved N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, is commonly used for general pediatric anesthesia. Accumulating evidence has indicated that prolonged exposure to ketamine induces widespread apoptotic cell death in the developing brains of experimental animals. Although mitochondria are known to play a pivotal role in cell death, little is known about the alterations in mitochondrial ultrastructure that occur during ketamine-induced neurotoxicity. The objective of this pilot study was to utilize classic and contemporary methods in electron microscopy to study the impact of ketamine on the structure of mitochondria in the developing rat brain. While transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was employed to comprehensively study mitochondrial inner membrane topology, serial block-face scanning electron microscopy (SBF-SEM) was used as a complementary technique to compare the overall mitochondrial morphology from a representative treated and untreated neuron. In this study, postnatal day 7 (PND-7) Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with ketamine or saline (6 subcutaneous injections × 20 mg/kg or 10 ml/kg, respectively, at 2-h intervals with a 6-h withdrawal period after the last injection, n=6 each group). Samples from the frontal cortex were harvested and analyzed using TEM or SBF-SEM. While classic TEM revealed that repeated ketamine exposure induces significant mitochondrial swelling in neurons, the newer technique of SBF-SEM confirmed the mitochondrial swelling in three dimensions (3D) and showed that ketamine exposure may also induce mitochondrial fission, which was not observable in the two dimensions (2D) of TEM. Furthermore, 3D statistical analysis of these reconstructed mitochondria appeared to show that ketamine-treated mitochondria had significantly larger volumes per unit surface area than mitochondria from the untreated neuron. The ultrastructural mitochondrial alterations demonstrated here by TEM and SBF-SEM support ketamine's proposed mechanism of neurotoxicity in the developing rat brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trisha Eustaquio
- NCTR/ORA Nanotechnology Core Facility, Office of Scientific Coordination, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States
| | - Cheng Wang
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States
| | - Christopher K Dugard
- NCTR/ORA Nanotechnology Core Facility, Office of Scientific Coordination, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States
| | - Nysia I George
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States
| | - Fang Liu
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States
| | - William Slikker
- Office of the Center Director, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States
| | - Merle G Paule
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States
| | - Paul C Howard
- NCTR/ORA Nanotechnology Core Facility, Office of Scientific Coordination, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States
| | - Angel M Paredes
- NCTR/ORA Nanotechnology Core Facility, Office of Scientific Coordination, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States.
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5
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Zhang X, Liu F, Slikker W, Wang C, Paule MG. Minimally invasive biomarkers of general anesthetic-induced developmental neurotoxicity. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2016; 60:95-101. [PMID: 27784630 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The association of general anesthesia with developmental neurotoxicity, while nearly impossible to study in pediatric populations, is clearly demonstrable in a variety of animal models from rodents to nonhuman primates. Nearly all general anesthetics tested have been shown to cause abnormal brain cell death in animals when administered during periods of rapid brain growth. The ability to repeatedly assess in the same subjects adverse effects induced by general anesthetics provides significant power to address the time course of important events associated with exposures. Minimally-invasive procedures provide the opportunity to bridge the preclinical/clinical gap by providing the means to more easily translate findings from the animal laboratory to the human clinic. Positron Emission Tomography or PET is a tool with great promise for realizing this goal. PET for small animals (microPET) is providing valuable data on the life cycle of general anesthetic induced neurotoxicity. PET radioligands (annexin V and DFNSH) targeting apoptotic processes have demonstrated that a single bout of general anesthesia effected during a vulnerable period of CNS development can result in prolonged apoptotic signals lasting for several weeks in the rat. A marker of cellular proliferation (FLT) has demonstrated in rodents that general anesthesia-induced inhibition of neural progenitor cell proliferation is evident when assessed a full 2weeks after exposure. Activated glia express Translocator Protein (TSPO) which can be used as a marker of presumed neuroinflammatory processes and a PET ligand for the TSPO (FEPPA) has been used to track this process in both rat and nonhuman primate models. It has been shown that single bouts of general anesthesia can result in elevated TSPO expression lasting for over a week. These examples demonstrate the utility of specific PET tracers to inform, in a minimally-invasive fashion, processes associated with general anesthesia-induced developmental neurotoxicity. The fact that PET procedures are also used clinically suggests an opportunity to confirm in humans what has been repeatedly observed in animals.
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Guo X, Dumas M, Robinson BL, Ali SF, Paule MG, Gu Q, Kanungo J. Acetyl L-carnitine targets adenosine triphosphate synthase in protecting zebrafish embryos from toxicities induced by verapamil and ketamine: An in vivo assessment. J Appl Toxicol 2016; 37:192-200. [PMID: 27191126 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Verapamil is a Ca2+ channel blocker and is highly prescribed as an anti-anginal, antiarrhythmic and antihypertensive drug. Ketamine, an antagonist of the Ca2+ -permeable N-methyl-d-aspartate-type glutamate receptors, is a pediatric anesthetic. Previously we have shown that acetyl l-carnitine (ALCAR) reverses ketamine-induced attenuation of heart rate and neurotoxicity in zebrafish embryos. Here, we used 48 h post-fertilization zebrafish embryos that were exposed to relevant drugs for 2 or 4 h. Heart beat and overall development were monitored in vivo. In 48 h post-fertilization embryos, 2 mm ketamine reduced heart rate in a 2 or 4 h exposure and 0.5 mm ALCAR neutralized this effect. ALCAR could reverse ketamine's effect, possibly through a compensatory mechanism involving extracellular Ca2+ entry through L-type Ca2+ channels that ALCAR is known to activate. Hence, we used verapamil to block the L-type Ca2+ channels. Verapamil was more potent in attenuating heart rate and inducing morphological defects in the embryos compared to ketamine at specific times of exposure. ALCAR reversed cardiotoxicity and developmental toxicity in the embryos exposed to verapamil or verapamil plus ketamine, even in the presence of 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid 8-(diethylamino)octyl ester, an inhibitor of intracellular Ca2+ release suggesting that ALCAR acts via effectors downstream of Ca2+ . In fact, ALCAR's protective effect was blunted by oligomycin A, an inhibitor of adenosine triphosphate synthase that acts downstream of Ca2+ during adenosine triphosphate generation. We have identified, for the first time, using in vivo studies, a downstream effector of ALCAR that is critical in abrogating ketamine- and verapamil-induced developmental toxicities. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Guo
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological, Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA.,Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Melanie Dumas
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological, Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Bonnie L Robinson
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological, Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Syed F Ali
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological, Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Merle G Paule
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological, Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Qiang Gu
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological, Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Jyotshna Kanungo
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological, Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
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7
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Karaca MO, Süren M, Karaca Zİ, Arıcı S, Karaman S, Aslan H, Kaya Z, Doğru S. Repeated dose of ketamine effect to the rat hippocampus tissue. Saudi J Anaesth 2015; 9:289-92. [PMID: 26240548 PMCID: PMC4478822 DOI: 10.4103/1658-354x.154726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM We aimed to determine the neurotoxic effect of repeated ketamine administration on brain tissue and if neurotoxic effect was present, whether this effect continued 16 days later using histological stereological method, a quantitative and objective method. MATERIALS AND METHODS Female rats were divided into three groups, each containing five rats. Rats in Group I were given 0.9% saline solution 4 times a day for 5 days. The rats in Groups II and III were given ketamine as intraperitoneal injections. Rats in Groups I and II were sacrificed on 5(th) day while the ones in Group III on 21(st) day. Cornu ammonis (CA) and gyrus dentatus (GD) regions in hippocampus tissue of rats were studied using optic fractionation method. FINDINGS There were significantly less number of cells in hippocampal CA and GD regions of rats from Groups II and III compared to the ones from Group I. Difference in cell number was also significantly higher in Group III than in Group II, but this difference was not as pronounced as the one between Groups III and I. CONCLUSION Repeated ketamine doses caused neurotoxicity in rat hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehtap Okyay Karaca
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Niksar State Hospital, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Süren
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Zafer İsmail Karaca
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Semih Arıcı
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Serkan Karaman
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Aslan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Ziya Kaya
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Serkan Doğru
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
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8
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Induction of TNF-α signaling cascade in neonatal rat brain during propofol anesthesia. Int J Dev Neurosci 2015; 44:22-32. [PMID: 25980792 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Propofol anesthesia can trigger pro- and anti-apoptotic signaling pathways in the rat brain. In our previous work, we demonstrated that propofol causes widespread apoptotic neurodegeneration in 7-postnatal-day-old (PND7) but not in PND14 rat neurons. The mechanism responsible for these opposing outcomes is unknown, apparently linked to the specific stage of brain development. The present study aims to elucidate the anti-apoptotic process that is activated in the cortex and thalamus of PND14 Wistar rats during the first 48 h after the onset of propofol anesthesia. We showed that the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and several components of its pathway, TNFR1 and caspase-8, was significantly increased in the cortex and thalamus. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 was downregulated in the cortex and upregulated in the thalamus. The expression of c-Fos was upregulated only in the cortex, showing opposed profile compared to NF-κB p65. Double immunofluorescence staining revealed the colocalization of NF-κB p65 with neuronal marker (NeuN), but with predominantly cytoplasmic localization. Finally, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) was upregulated in both examined structures. Immunohistochemical staining with Iba-1 revealed that the treatment did not induce changes in microglial morphology. Our results (i) reveal that the simultaneous activation of pro- and anti-apoptotic signaling occurs after propofol anesthesia, and (ii) pinpoint the potential neuroprotective role of XIAP in anesthesia-induced neurotoxicity.
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Chan CTY, Deng W, Li F, DeMott MS, Babu IR, Begley TJ, Dedon PC. Highly Predictive Reprogramming of tRNA Modifications Is Linked to Selective Expression of Codon-Biased Genes. Chem Res Toxicol 2015; 28:978-88. [PMID: 25772370 PMCID: PMC4438938 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5b00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Cells respond to stress by controlling
gene expression at several
levels, with little known about the role of translation. Here, we
demonstrate a coordinated translational stress response system involving
stress-specific reprogramming of tRNA wobble modifications that leads
to selective translation of codon-biased mRNAs representing different
classes of critical response proteins. In budding yeast exposed to
four oxidants and five alkylating agents, tRNA modification patterns
accurately distinguished among chemically similar stressors, with
14 modified ribonucleosides forming the basis for a data-driven model
that predicts toxicant chemistry with >80% sensitivity and specificity.
tRNA modification subpatterns also distinguish SN1 from
SN2 alkylating agents, with SN2-induced increases
in m3C in tRNA mechanistically linked to selective translation
of threonine-rich membrane proteins from genes enriched with ACC and
ACT degenerate codons for threonine. These results establish tRNA
modifications as predictive biomarkers of exposure and illustrate
a novel regulatory mechanism for translational control of cell stress
response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Thomas J Begley
- ∥College of Nanoscale Science, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12203, United States
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Lei R, Yang B, Wu C, Liao M, Ding R, Wang Q. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative damage in the liver and kidney of rats following exposure to copper nanoparticles for five consecutive days. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tx00156g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative damage may be the initial events of copper nanoparticle (CuNP)-induced hepato and nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronghui Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Baohua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Chunqi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Mingyang Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Rigao Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Quanjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences
- Beijing
- P. R. China
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11
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Kalkhof S, Dautel F, Loguercio S, Baumann S, Trump S, Jungnickel H, Otto W, Rudzok S, Potratz S, Luch A, Lehmann I, Beyer A, von Bergen M. Pathway and time-resolved benzo[a]pyrene toxicity on Hepa1c1c7 cells at toxic and subtoxic exposure. J Proteome Res 2014; 14:164-82. [PMID: 25362887 DOI: 10.1021/pr500957t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is an environmental contaminant mainly studied for its toxic/carcinogenic effects. For a comprehensive and pathway orientated mechanistic understanding of the effects directly triggered by a toxic (5 μM) or a subtoxic (50 nM) concentration of B[a]P or indirectly by its metabolites, we conducted time series experiments for up to 24 h to study the effects in murine hepatocytes. These cells rapidly take up and actively metabolize B[a]P, which was followed by quantitative analysis of the concentration of intracellular B[a]P and seven representative degradation products. Exposure with 5 μM B[a]P led to a maximal intracellular concentration of 1604 pmol/5 × 10(4) cells, leveling at 55 pmol/5 × 10(4) cells by the end of the time course. Changes in the global proteome (>1000 protein profiles) and metabolome (163 metabolites) were assessed in combination with B[a]P degradation. Abundance profiles of 236 (both concentrations), 190 (only 5 μM), and 150 (only 50 nM) proteins were found to be regulated in response to B[a]P in a time-dependent manner. At the endogenous metabolite level amino acids, acylcarnitines and glycerophospholipids were particularly affected by B[a]P. The comprehensive chemical, proteome and metabolomic data enabled the identification of effects on the pathway level in a time-resolved manner. So in addition to known alterations, also protein synthesis, lipid metabolism, and membrane dysfunction were identified as B[a]P specific effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kalkhof
- Department of Proteomics, UFZ, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research , Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
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Yan J, Li YR, Zhang Y, Lu Y, Jiang H. Repeated exposure to anesthetic ketamine can negatively impact neurodevelopment in infants: a prospective preliminary clinical study. J Child Neurol 2014; 29:1333-8. [PMID: 24659739 DOI: 10.1177/0883073813517508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Animal experiments indicate that repeated exposure to ketamine adversely affects the developing brain. Whether it has the same effect on infants remains unclear. We recruited infants who were scheduled for 1 to 3 outpatient laser surgery treatments of benign facial growths with ketamine anesthesia. Patients were assigned to the Ket(1), Ket(2), or Ket(3) group, according to the number of treatments. The Bayley Scales of Infant Development-Second Edition (BSID-II) was used to assess neurodevelopmental outcomes before the first and after the last therapy. Levels of S-100β were also measured. Bayley Scales of Infant Development-Second Edition scores after the last procedure were lower than those before the first surgery in the Ket(3) group (P < .05). S-100β levels after the last procedure were significantly higher than those before the first surgery in all groups (P < .05). Our results suggest that 3 or more exposures to anesthetic ketamine have the potential to adversely affect neurodevelopment in infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-ran Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Xu K, Lipsky RH. Repeated ketamine administration alters N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor subunit gene expression: implication of genetic vulnerability for ketamine abuse and ketamine psychosis in humans. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2014; 240:145-55. [PMID: 25245072 DOI: 10.1177/1535370214549531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
For more than 40 years following its approval by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as an anesthetic, ketamine, a non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor antagonist, has been used as a tool of psychiatric research. As a psychedelic drug, ketamine induces psychotic symptoms, cognitive impairment, and mood elevation, which resemble some symptoms of schizophrenia. Recreational use of ketamine has been increasing in recent years. However, little is known of the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for ketamine-associated psychosis. Recent animal studies have shown that repeated ketamine administration significantly increases NMDA receptor subunit gene expression, in particular subunit 1 (NR1 or GluN1) levels. This results in neurodegeneration, supporting a potential mechanism where up-regulation of NMDA receptors could produce cognitive deficits in chronic ketamine abuse patients. In other studies, NMDA receptor gene variants are associated with addictive behavior. Here, we focus on the roles of NMDA receptor gene subunits in ketamine abuse and ketamine psychosis and propose that full sequencing of NMDA receptor genes may help explain individual vulnerability to ketamine abuse and ketamine-associated psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Robert H Lipsky
- Inova Neuroscience Institute, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA 22042, USA Department of Molecular Neuroscience, the Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
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Abstract
The term "Translational Genomics" reflects both title and mission of this new journal. "Translational" has traditionally been understood as "applied research" or "development", different from or even opposed to "basic research". Recent scientific and societal developments have triggered a re-assessment of the connotation that "translational" and "basic" are either/or activities: translational research nowadays aims at feeding the best science into applications and solutions for human society. We therefore argue here basic science to be challenged and leveraged for its relevance to human health and societal benefits. This more recent approach and attitude are catalyzed by four trends or developments: evidence-based solutions; large-scale, high dimensional data; consumer/patient empowerment; and systems-level understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kussmann
- Molecular Biomarkers Core, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences (NIHS), Lausanne, Switzerland; Faculty of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland; Faculty of Science, Interdisciplinary NanoScience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jim Kaput
- Systems Nutrition and Health Unit, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences (NIHS), Lausanne, Switzerland; Service Endocrinol. Diabetes, Metabol. Univ. Hospital Lausanne (CHUV), Univ. Lausanne, Switzerland
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15
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Morine MJ, Monteiro JP, Wise C, Teitel C, Pence L, Williams A, Ning B, McCabe-Sellers B, Champagne C, Turner J, Shelby B, Bogle M, Beger RD, Priami C, Kaput J. Genetic associations with micronutrient levels identified in immune and gastrointestinal networks. GENES AND NUTRITION 2014; 9:408. [PMID: 24879315 PMCID: PMC4169061 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-014-0408-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of vitamins and clarification of their role in preventing frank essential nutrient deficiencies occurred in the early 1900s. Much vitamin research has understandably focused on public health and the effects of single nutrients to alleviate acute conditions. The physiological processes for maintaining health, however, are complex systems that depend upon interactions between multiple nutrients, environmental factors, and genetic makeup. To analyze the relationship between these factors and nutritional health, data were obtained from an observational, community-based participatory research program of children and teens (age 6–14) enrolled in a summer day camp in the Delta region of Arkansas. Assessments of erythrocyte S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), plasma homocysteine (Hcy) and 6 organic micronutrients (retinol, 25-hydroxy vitamin D3, pyridoxal, thiamin, riboflavin, and vitamin E), and 1,129 plasma proteins were performed at 3 time points in each of 2 years. Genetic makeup was analyzed with 1 M SNP genotyping arrays, and nutrient status was assessed with 24-h dietary intake questionnaires. A pattern of metabolites (met_PC1) that included the ratio of erythrocyte SAM/SAH, Hcy, and 5 vitamins were identified by principal component analysis. Met_PC1 levels were significantly associated with (1) single-nucleotide polymorphisms, (2) levels of plasma proteins, and (3) multilocus genotypes coding for gastrointestinal and immune functions, as identified in a global network of metabolic/protein–protein interactions. Subsequent mining of data from curated pathway, network, and genome-wide association studies identified genetic and functional relationships that may be explained by gene–nutrient interactions. The systems nutrition strategy described here has thus associated a multivariate metabolite pattern in blood with genes involved in immune and gastrointestinal functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa J Morine
- The Microsoft Research - University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology (COSBI), Rovereto, Italy
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Sinner B, Becke K, Engelhard K. General anaesthetics and the developing brain: an overview. Anaesthesia 2014; 69:1009-22. [DOI: 10.1111/anae.12637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Sinner
- Department of Anaesthesiology; University of Regensburg; Regensburg Germany
| | - K. Becke
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care; Cnopf Childrens’ Hospital/Hospital Hallerwiese; Nuremberg Germany
| | - K. Engelhard
- Department of Anaesthesiology; University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University; Mainz Germany
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Kaput J, van Ommen B, Kremer B, Priami C, Monteiro JP, Morine M, Pepping F, Diaz Z, Fenech M, He Y, Albers R, Drevon CA, Evelo CT, Hancock REW, Ijsselmuiden C, Lumey LH, Minihane AM, Muller M, Murgia C, Radonjic M, Sobral B, West KP. Consensus statement understanding health and malnutrition through a systems approach: the ENOUGH program for early life. GENES & NUTRITION 2014; 9:378. [PMID: 24363221 PMCID: PMC3896628 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-013-0378-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nutrition research, like most biomedical disciplines, adopted and often uses experimental approaches based on Beadle and Tatum's one gene-one polypeptide hypothesis, thereby reducing biological processes to single reactions or pathways. Systems thinking is needed to understand the complexity of health and disease processes requiring measurements of physiological processes, as well as environmental and social factors, which may alter the expression of genetic information. Analysis of physiological processes with omics technologies to assess systems' responses has only become available over the past decade and remains costly. Studies of environmental and social conditions known to alter health are often not connected to biomedical research. While these facts are widely accepted, developing and conducting comprehensive research programs for health are often beyond financial and human resources of single research groups. We propose a new research program on essential nutrients for optimal underpinning of growth and health (ENOUGH) that will use systems approaches with more comprehensive measurements and biostatistical analysis of the many biological and environmental factors that influence undernutrition. Creating a knowledge base for nutrition and health is a necessary first step toward developing solutions targeted to different populations in diverse social and physical environments for the two billion undernourished people in developed and developing economies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Kaput
- Clinical Translation Unit, Nestle Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland,
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Cuevas E, Trickler WJ, Guo X, Ali SF, Paule MG, Kanungo J. Acetyl L-carnitine protects motor neurons and Rohon-Beard sensory neurons against ketamine-induced neurotoxicity in zebrafish embryos. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2013; 39:69-76. [PMID: 23896048 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2013.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ketamine, a non-competitive antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) type glutamate receptors is commonly used as a pediatric anesthetic. Multiple studies have shown ketamine to be neurotoxic, particularly when administered during the brain growth spurt. Previously, we have shown that ketamine is detrimental to motor neuron development in the zebrafish embryos. Here, using both wild type (WT) and transgenic (hb9:GFP) zebrafish embryos, we demonstrate that ketamine is neurotoxic to both motor and sensory neurons. Drug absorption studies showed that in the WT embryos, ketamine accumulation was approximately 0.4% of the original dose added to the exposure medium. The transgenic embryos express green fluorescent protein (GFP) localized in the motor neurons making them ideal for evaluating motor neuron development and toxicities in vivo. The hb9:GFP zebrafish embryos (28 h post fertilization) treated with 2 mM ketamine for 20 h demonstrated significant reductions in spinal motor neuron numbers, while co-treatment with acetyl L-carnitine proved to be neuroprotective. In whole mount immunohistochemical studies using WT embryos, a similar effect was observed for the primary sensory neurons. In the ketamine-treated WT embryos, the number of primary sensory Rohon-Beard (RB) neurons was significantly reduced compared to that in controls. However, acetyl L-carnitine co-treatment prevented ketamine-induced adverse effects on the RB neurons. These results suggest that acetyl L-carnitine protects both motor and sensory neurons from ketamine-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvis Cuevas
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
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Liu J, Baek C, Han X, Shoureshi P, Soriano S. Role of glycogen synthase kinase-3β in ketamine-induced developmental neuroapoptosis in rats. Br J Anaesth 2013; 110 Suppl 1:i3-9. [DOI: 10.1093/bja/aet057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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20
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Trickler WJ, Guo X, Cuevas E, Ali SF, Paule MG, Kanungo J. Ketamine attenuates cytochrome p450 aromatase gene expression and estradiol-17β levels in zebrafish early life stages. J Appl Toxicol 2013; 34:480-8. [PMID: 23696345 DOI: 10.1002/jat.2888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Revised: 01/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ketamine, a dissociative anesthetic, is a noncompetitive antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate-type glutamate receptors. In rodents and non-human primates as well as in zebrafish embryos, ketamine has been shown to be neurotoxic. In cyclic female rats, ketamine has been shown to decrease serum estradiol-17β (E2) levels. E2 plays critical roles in neurodevelopment and neuroprotection. Cytochrome p450 (CYP) aromatase catalyzes E2 synthesis from androgens. Although ketamine down-regulates a number of CYP enzymes in rodents, its effect on the CYP aromatase (CYP19) is not known. Zebrafish have been used as a model system for examining mechanisms underlying drug effects. Here, using wild-type (WT) zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos, we demonstrate that ketamine significantly reduced E2 levels compared with the control. However, the testosterone level was elevated in ketamine-treated embryos. These results are concordant with data from mammalian studies. Ketamine also attenuated the expression of the ovary form of CYP aromatase (cyp19a1a) at the transcriptional level but not the brain form of aromatase, cyp19a1b. Exogenous E2 potently induced the expression of cyp19a1b and vtg 1, both validated biomarkers of estrogenicity and endocrine disruption, but not cyp19a1a expression. Attenuation of activated ERK/MAPK levels, reportedly responsible for reduced human cyp19 transcription, was also observed in ketamine-treated embryos. These results suggest that reduced E2 levels in ketamine-treated embryos may have resulted from the suppression of cyp19a1a transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Trickler
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR road, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA; Toxicologic Pathology Associates, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR road, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
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22
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Integrated transcriptomic and proteomic evaluation of gentamicin nephrotoxicity in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2012; 258:124-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Revised: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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23
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Xiang H, Liu Y, Zhang B, Huang J, Li Y, Yang B, Huang Z, Xiang F, Zhang H. The antidepressant effects and mechanism of action of total saponins from the caudexes and leaves of Panax notoginseng in animal models of depression. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 18:731-738. [PMID: 21273053 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2010.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2010] [Revised: 10/09/2010] [Accepted: 11/28/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Total saponins extracted from the caudexes and leaves of Panax notoginseng (SCLPN) have been used in the clinic for improving mental function, treating insomnia, and alleviating anxiety. The present study evaluated the potential antidepressant activity of SCLPN in rodent models of depression and the mechanism of action of SCLPN. Mice were received SCLPN at doses of 10-1000 mg/kg daily for 1, 7, and 14 days and then were subjected to the forced swim test and locomotor activity test. The results showed that SCLPN decreased immobility time in the forced swim test, with little effect on locomotion. In the chronic mild stress model, chronic SCLPN treatment (70 mg/kg) reversed the rats' depression-like behavior. Furthermore, SCLPN exerted its antidepressant-like effect by increasing the levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine, dopamine, and noradrenaline. Additionally, SCLPN treatment reduced intracellular Ca(2+) in cultured neurons. The present study suggests that SCLPN may function as an antidepressant, and the antidepressant-like effects of SCLPN may be mediated by modulation of brain monoamine neurotransmitters and intracellular Ca(2+) concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xiang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
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24
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MicroPET imaging of ketamine-induced neuronal apoptosis with radiolabeled DFNSH. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2010; 118:203-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-010-0499-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Accepted: 09/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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25
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Abstract
In the past decade, concern has been raised about the safety of anesthetic agents on the developing brain. Animal studies have shown an increase in apoptosis in the developing brain when exposed to N-methyl-D-asparate receptor blockers and/or gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor agonists that is related to the dose and duration of anesthetic agents. Whether these studies can be extrapolated to humans is being investigated. The Food and Drug Administration in 2007 convened an advisory committee to look at this issue. They found that the animal data available were inadequate to extrapolate to humans and determined that human studies were necessary. Human studies are underway but the challenge they face is how to delineate the effects of anesthesia from those of the underlying medical condition and surgery itself. At this time, we must continue to make decisions based on the known risks and benefits of anesthetics and apply it on an individual basis.
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Prenatal exposure to phencyclidine produces abnormal behaviour and NMDA receptor expression in postpubertal mice. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2010; 13:877-89. [PMID: 19835658 DOI: 10.1017/s1461145709990757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have shown the disruptive effects of non-competitive N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists on neurobehavioural development. Based on the neurodevelopment hypothesis of schizophrenia, there is growing interest in animal models treated with NMDA antagonists at developing stages to investigate the pathogenesis of psychological disturbances in humans. Previous studies have reported that perinatal treatment with phencyclidine (PCP) impairs the development of neuronal systems and induces schizophrenia-like behaviour. However, the adverse effects of prenatal exposure to PCP on behaviour and the function of NMDA receptors are not well understood. This study investigated the long-term effects of prenatal exposure to PCP in mice. The prenatal PCP-treated mice showed hypersensitivity to a low dose of PCP in locomotor activity and impairment of recognition memory in the novel object recognition test at age 7 wk. Meanwhile, the prenatal exposure reduced the phosphorylation of NR1, although it increased the expression of NR1 itself. Furthermore, these behavioural changes were attenuated by atypical antipsychotic treatment. Taken together, prenatal exposure to PCP produced long-lasting behavioural deficits, accompanied by the abnormal expression and dysfunction of NMDA receptors in postpubertal mice. It is worth investigating the influences of disrupted NMDA receptors during the prenatal period on behaviour in later life.
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Naylor S, Chen JY. Unraveling human complexity and disease with systems biology and personalized medicine. Per Med 2010; 7:275-289. [PMID: 20577569 PMCID: PMC2888109 DOI: 10.2217/pme.10.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We are all perplexed that current medical practice often appears maladroit in curing our individual illnesses or disease. However, as is often the case, a lack of understanding, tools and technologies are the root cause of such situations. Human individuality is an often-quoted term but, in the context of human biology, it is poorly understood. This is compounded when there is a need to consider the variability of human populations. In the case of the former, it is possible to quantify human complexity as determined by the 35,000 genes of the human genome, the 1-10 million proteins (including antibodies) and the 2000-3000 metabolites of the human metabolome. Human variability is much more difficult to assess, since many of the variables, such as the definition of race, are not even clearly agreed on. In order to accommodate human complexity, variability and its influence on health and disease, it is necessary to undertake a systematic approach. In the past decade, the emergence of analytical platforms and bioinformatics tools has led to the development of systems biology. Such an approach offers enormous potential in defining key pathways and networks involved in optimal human health, as well as disease onset, progression and treatment. The tools and technologies now available in systems biology analyses offer exciting opportunities to exploit the emerging areas of personalized medicine. In this article, we discuss the current status of human complexity, and how systems biology and personalized medicine can impact at the individual and population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Naylor
- Predictive Physiology & Medicine (PPM) Inc., 409 Patterson Street, Bloomington, IN 47403, USA
| | - Jake Y Chen
- School of Informatics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Indiana Center for Systems Biology & Personalized Medicine, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Computer & Information Science, School of Science, Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Roberts RA, Laskin DL, Smith CV, Robertson FM, Allen EMG, Doorn JA, Slikker W. Nitrative and oxidative stress in toxicology and disease. Toxicol Sci 2009; 112:4-16. [PMID: 19656995 PMCID: PMC2769059 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfp179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent inflammation and the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species play pivotal roles in tissue injury during disease pathogenesis and as a reaction to toxicant exposures. The associated oxidative and nitrative stress promote diverse pathologic reactions including neurodegenerative disorders, atherosclerosis, chronic inflammation, cancer, and premature labor and stillbirth. These effects occur via sustained inflammation, cellular proliferation and cytotoxicity and via induction of a proangiogenic environment. For example, exposure to the ubiquitous air pollutant ozone leads to generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in lung macrophages that play a key role in subsequent tissue damage. Similarly, studies indicate that genes involved in regulating oxidative stress are altered by anesthetic treatment resulting in brain injury, most notable during development. In addition to a role in tissue injury in the brain, inflammation, and oxidative stress are implicated in Parkinson's disease, a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of dopamine neurons. Recent data suggest a mechanistic link between oxidative stress and elevated levels of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde, a neurotoxin endogenous to dopamine neurons. These findings have significant implications for development of therapeutics and identification of novel biomarkers for Parkinson's disease pathogenesis. Oxidative and nitrative stress is also thought to play a role in creating the proinflammatory microenvironment associated with the aggressive phenotype of inflammatory breast cancer. An understanding of fundamental concepts of oxidative and nitrative stress can underpin a rational plan of treatment for diseases and toxicities associated with excessive production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth A Roberts
- AstraZeneca R&D Safety Assessment, Alderley Park, UK SK9 1DG.
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29
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Green SM, Coté CJ. Ketamine and Neurotoxicity: Clinical Perspectives and Implications for Emergency Medicine. Ann Emerg Med 2009; 54:181-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2008.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2008] [Revised: 09/23/2008] [Accepted: 10/01/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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30
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Zhang X, Paule MG, Newport GD, Zou X, Sadovova N, Berridge MS, Apana SM, Hanig JP, Slikker W, Wang C. A minimally invasive, translational biomarker of ketamine-induced neuronal death in rats: microPET Imaging using 18F-annexin V. Toxicol Sci 2009; 111:355-61. [PMID: 19638431 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfp167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that suppression of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor function by ketamine may trigger apoptosis of neurons when given repeatedly during the brain growth spurt period. Because microPET scans can provide in vivo molecular imaging at sufficient resolution, it has been proposed as a minimally invasive method for detecting apoptosis using the tracer (18)F-labeled annexin V. In this study, the effect of ketamine on the metabolism and integrity of the rat brain were evaluated by investigating the uptake and retention of (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and (18)F-annexin V using microPET imaging. On postnatal day (PND) 7, rat pups in the experimental group were exposed to six injections of ketamine (20 mg/kg at 2-h intervals) and control rat pups received six injections of saline. On PND 35, 37 MBq (1 mCi) of (18)F-FDG or (18)F-annexin V was injected into the tail vein of treated and control rats, and static microPET images were obtained over 1 (FDG) and 2 h (annexin V) following the injection. No significant difference was found in (18)F-FDG uptake in the regions of interest (ROIs) in the brains of ketamine-treated rats compared with saline-treated controls. The uptake of (18)F-annexin V, however, was significantly increased in the ROI of ketamine-treated rats. Additionally, the duration of annexin V tracer washout was prolonged in the ketamine-treated animals. These results demonstrate that microPET imaging is capable of distinguishing differences in retention of (18)F-annexin V in different brain regions and suggests that this approach may provide a minimally invasive biomarker of neuronal apoptosis in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhang
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA
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31
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Dorne J, Dorne J, Bordajandi L, Amzal B, Ferrari P, Verger P. Combining analytical techniques, exposure assessment and biological effects for risk assessment of chemicals in food. Trends Analyt Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2009.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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32
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Kobeissy FH, Sadasivan S, Liu J, Gold MS, Wang KKW. Psychiatric research: psychoproteomics, degradomics and systems biology. Expert Rev Proteomics 2008; 5:293-314. [PMID: 18466058 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.5.2.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
While proteomics has excelled in several disciplines in biology (cancer, injury and aging), neuroscience and psychiatryproteomic studies are still in their infancy. Several proteomic studies have been conducted in different areas of psychiatric disorders, including drug abuse (morphine, alcohol and methamphetamine) and other psychiatric disorders (depression, schizophrenia and psychosis). However, the exact cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these conditions have not been fully investigated. Thus, one of the primary objectives of this review is to discuss psychoproteomic application in the area of psychiatric disorders, with special focus on substance- and drug-abuse research. In addition, we illustrate the potential role of degradomic utility in the area of psychiatric research and its application in establishing and identifying biomarkers relevant to neurotoxicity as a consequence of drug abuse. Finally, we will discuss the emerging role of systems biology and its current use in the field of neuroscience and its integral role in establishing a comprehensive understanding of specific brain disorders and brain function in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firas H Kobeissy
- McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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Wang C, Slikker W. Strategies and Experimental Models for Evaluating Anesthetics: Effects on the Developing Nervous System. Anesth Analg 2008; 106:1643-58. [DOI: 10.1213/ane.ob013e3181732c01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Naylor S, Culbertson AW, Valentine SJ. Towards a systems level analysis of health and nutrition. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2008; 19:100-9. [PMID: 18387294 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2008.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2008] [Revised: 02/16/2008] [Accepted: 02/19/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Although theoretical systems analysis has been available for over half a century, the recent advent of omic high-throughput analytical platforms along with the integration of individual tools and technologies has given rise to the field of modern systems biology. Coupled with information technology, bioinformatics, knowledge management and powerful mathematical models, systems biology has opened up new vistas in our understanding of complex biological systems. Currently there are two distinct approaches that include the inductively driven computational systems biology (bottom-up approach) and the deductive data-driven top-down analysis. Such approaches offer enormous potential in the elucidation of disease as well as defining key pathways and networks involved in optimal human health and nutrition. The tools and technologies now available in systems biology analyses offer exciting opportunities to develop the emerging areas of personalized medicine and individual nutritional profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Naylor
- Predictive Physiology & Medicine Inc. (PPM), 409 Patterson Road, Bloomington, IN 47403, USA.
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Zou X, Sadovova N, Patterson T, Divine R, Hotchkiss C, Ali S, Hanig J, Paule M, Slikker W, Wang C. The effects of l-carnitine on the combination of, inhalation anesthetic-induced developmental, neuronal apoptosis in the rat frontal cortex. Neuroscience 2008; 151:1053-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2007] [Revised: 12/05/2007] [Accepted: 01/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Systems toxicology: using the systems biology approach to assess chemical pollutants in the environment. COMPARATIVE TOXICOGENOMICS 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2423(08)00007-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Abstract
Ketamine is widely used for anesthesia and analgesia in neonates and children. It provides potent sedation, analgesia, and amnesia, a short duration of action, supporting hemodynamic and respiratory stability. Noncompetitive antagonism of NMDA receptors produces its primary therapeutic effects, but it also alters receptor function at dopaminergic, serotonergic, cholinergic, and opioidergic sites. Recent interest in ketamine stems from its potential to block excitotoxic cell death, although concerns have been raised about anesthetic neurotoxicity in neonatal animal models. The development of ketamine, its clinical profile, toxic effects in the immature brain, and future applications in neonates and children are reviewed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan T Bhutta
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA.
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