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Chowdhury H, Kumar Bera A, Subhasmita Raut S, Chandra Malick R, Sekhar Swain H, Saha A, Kumar Das B. In Vitro Antibacterial Efficacy of Cymbopogon flexuosus Essential Oil against Aeromonas hydrophila of Fish Origin and in Silico Molecular Docking of the Essential Oil Components against DNA Gyrase-B and Their Drug-Likeness. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202200668. [PMID: 36799768 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
In aquaculture, diseases caused by the Aeromonads with high antibiotic resistance are among the most common and troublesome diseases. Application of herbs is emerging as a tool in controlling these diseases. Plant extracts besides disease control, favor various physiological activities in fish. In this study, essential oil of Cymbopogon flexuosus (Poaceae family) was studied in vitro for its antibacterial efficacy against two oxytetracycline (OTC) resistant and one sensitive strains of Aeromonas hydrophila. The oil was found rich (86.93 %) in oxygenated terpenoids containing 74.15 % of citral. The oil exhibited dose dependent growth inhibition of the bacteria. Mean MIC value of the oil against the sensitive strain was recorded as 2.0 mg mL-1 whereas MBC value was recorded as 4.0 mg mL-1 . The oil was found effective against the OTC resistant isolates with the MIC and MBC values ranging from 2.67-3.33 and 4.0-6.67 mg mL-1 , respectively. In silico molecular docking of the essential oil components against DNA gyrase-B, a vital macromolecule in bacterial cell, was carried out to computationally asses the efficacy of the oil against the bacteria. Some of the components of the essential oil strongly bonded with the enzyme to inhibit its efficacy. Binding energy of some components of the oil was comparable to that of the conventional antibiotic, OTC. The identified phytochemicals exhibited favorable physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties and satisfied the rule of five (Ro5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemanta Chowdhury
- ICAR - Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Manirampore, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700 120, West Bengal, India
| | - Asit Kumar Bera
- ICAR - Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Manirampore, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700 120, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhashree Subhasmita Raut
- ICAR - Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Manirampore, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700 120, West Bengal, India
| | - Ramesh Chandra Malick
- ICAR - Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Manirampore, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700 120, West Bengal, India
| | - Himanshu Sekhar Swain
- ICAR - Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Manirampore, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700 120, West Bengal, India
| | - Ajoy Saha
- ICAR - Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Manirampore, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700 120, West Bengal, India
| | - Basanta Kumar Das
- ICAR - Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Manirampore, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700 120, West Bengal, India
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Sun X, Wang Z, Li X, Du S, Lin D, Shao Y. Effects of Yucca schidigera extract on serum biochemical parameters, humoral immune response, and intestinal health in young pigeons. Front Vet Sci 2023; 9:1077555. [PMID: 36713856 PMCID: PMC9878700 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1077555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction It is of great importance to find antibiotic alternatives that can improve poultry performance and enhance immunity. Plant-derived extracts and their concentrates are natural bioactive compounds that are widely and effectively applied as the antibiotic alternatives in animal industries. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Yucca schidigera extract (YSE) on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, immune function, intestinal morphology, and microbiota diversity of young pigeons. Methods A total of 120 healthy White King pigeons (28 days old) with similar weight were randomly assigned to 4 treatments with six replicate cages. Each of the pigeons from 4 treatments was orally administrated with 0 (control), 5, 10, and 15 mg YSE per day, respectively. Results The results showed that orally supplemental YSE had no significant effects (P > 0.05) on the growth performance and immune organ index of pigeons. The serum total protein and IgM contents in the 10 mg YSE group were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those in the control group. Supplemental 10 and 15 mg YSE significantly lowered the level of serum total cholesterol (P < 0.05) and increased (P < 0.05) the villi height in the jejunum compared with the control group. Supplemental 5 and 10 mg YSE significantly decreased (P < 0.05) the level of serum alanine aminotransferase and the crypt depth in the ileum compared with the control group. The beta diversity showed a distinct difference in the ileum microbial composition between the control and the 10 mg YES group. YSE supplementation enriched the bacterial genera Sulfurospirillum, Solobacterium, Desulfovibrio, Desulfobulbus, Lactococcus, Parabacteroides, Acidaminococcus, Acetobacter, and Streptococcus. Additionally, Enterococcus genus showed a significantly negative correlation with serum alanine aminotransferase (R = -0.618, P = 0.043). Actinomyces genus showed a significantly negative correlation with cholesterol (R = -0.633, P = 0.036). Turicibacter genus showed a significantly positive correlation with villi height in the jejunum (R = 0.751, P = 0.008). Discussion In conclusion, orally supplemental YSE could improve serum biochemistry, immunoglobulin contents, and intestinal morphology by regulating the composition of microbial community in the ileum of young pigeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshan Sun
- Pigeon Breeding Laboratory, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China,College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Pigeon Breeding Laboratory, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Li
- Pigeon Breeding Laboratory, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China,College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Shaohua Du
- Pigeon Breeding Laboratory, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China,College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Dongmei Lin
- College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China,*Correspondence: Dongmei Lin ✉
| | - Yuxin Shao
- Pigeon Breeding Laboratory, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China,Yuxin Shao ✉
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ALWAILI MA. Protective effects of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus STAPF) extract mediated mitochondrial fission and glucose uptake inhibition in SW1417. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.94522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Tibenda JJ, Yi Q, Wang X, Zhao Q. Review of phytomedicine, phytochemistry, ethnopharmacology, toxicology, and pharmacological activities of Cymbopogon genus. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:997918. [PMID: 36105217 PMCID: PMC9465289 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.997918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The Cymbopogon genus belongs to the Andropoganeae family of the family Poaceae, which is famous for its high essential oil concentration. Cymbopogon possesses a diverse set of characteristics that supports its applications in cosmetic, pharmaceuticals and phytotherapy. The purpose of this review is to summarize and connect the evidence supporting the use of phytotherapy, phytomedicine, phytochemistry, ethnopharmacology, toxicology, pharmacological activities, and quality control of the Cymbopogon species and their extracts. To ensure the successful completion of this review, data and studies relating to this review were strategically searched and obtained from scientific databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, ScienceDirect, and Elsevier. Approximately 120 acceptable reviews, original research articles, and other observational studies were included and incorporated for further analysis. Studies showed that the genus Cymbopogon mainly contained flavonoids and phenolic compounds, which were the pivotal pharmacological active ingredients. When combined with the complex β-cyclodextrin, phytochemicals such as citronellal have been shown to have their own mechanism of action in inhibiting the descending pain pathway. Another mechanism of action described in this review is that of geraniol and citral phytochemicals, which have rose and lemon-like scents and can be exploited in soaps, detergents, mouthwash, cosmetics, and other products. Many other pharmacological effects, such as anti-protozoal, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer have been discussed sequentially, along with how and which phytochemicals are responsible for the observed effect. Cymbopogon species have proven to be extremely valuable, with many applications. Its phytotherapy is proven to be due to its rich phytochemicals, obtained from different parts of the plant like leaves, roots, aerial parts, rhizomes, and even its essential oils. For herbs of Cymbopogon genus as a characteristic plant therapy, significant research is required to ensure their efficacy and safety for a variety of ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonnea Japhet Tibenda
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Qiong Yi
- Meishan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Meishan, China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Research Institute of Integrated TCM and Western Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Xiaobo Wang, ; Qipeng Zhao,
| | - Qipeng Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China,*Correspondence: Xiaobo Wang, ; Qipeng Zhao,
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Rodrigues-Souza I, Pessatti JBK, da Silva LR, de Lima Bellan D, de Souza IR, Cestari MM, de Assis HCS, Rocha HAO, Simas FF, da Silva Trindade E, Leme DM. Protective potential of sulfated polysaccharides from tropical seaweeds against alkylating- and oxidizing-induced genotoxicity. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 211:524-534. [PMID: 35577199 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.05.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) from seaweeds are potential bioactive natural compounds, but their DNA protective activity is poorly explored. This article aimed to evaluate the genotoxic/antigenotoxic potentials of a sulfated heterofucan from brown seaweed Spatoglossum schröederi (Fucan A - FA) and a sulfated galactan from green seaweed Codium isthomocladum (3G4S) using in vitro Comet assay (alkaline and oxidative versions) with HepG2 cells. The antioxidant activity of these SPs was evaluated by total antioxidant capacity, radical scavenging, metal chelating, and antioxidant enzyme activity assays. Both SPs were not genotoxic. FA and 3G4S displayed strong antigenotoxic activity against oxidizing chemical (H2O2) but not against alkylating chemical (MMS). The DNA damage reduction after a pre-treatment of 72 h with these SPs was 81.42% to FA and 81.38% to 3G4S. In simultaneous exposure to FA or 3G4S with H2O2, HepG2 cells presented 48.04% and 55.41% of DNA damage reduction compared with the control, respectively. The antigenotoxicity of these SPs relates to direct antioxidant activity by blockage of the initiation step of the oxidative chain reaction. Therefore, we conclude that FA and 3G4S could be explored as functional natural compounds with antigenotoxic activity due to their great protection against oxidative DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Daniel de Lima Bellan
- Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Daniela Morais Leme
- Departament of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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Role of Herbal Teas in Regulating Cellular Homeostasis and Autophagy and Their Implications in Regulating Overall Health. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072162. [PMID: 34201882 PMCID: PMC8308238 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tea is one of the most popular and widely consumed beverages worldwide, and possesses numerous potential health benefits. Herbal teas are well-known to contain an abundance of polyphenol antioxidants and other ingredients, thereby implicating protection and treatment against various ailments, and maintaining overall health in humans, although their mechanisms of action have not yet been fully identified. Autophagy is a conserved mechanism present in organisms that maintains basal cellular homeostasis and is essential in mediating the pathogenesis of several diseases, including cancer, type II diabetes, obesity, and Alzheimer’s disease. The increasing prevalence of these diseases, which could be attributed to the imbalance in the level of autophagy, presents a considerable challenge in the healthcare industry. Natural medicine stands as an effective, safe, and economical alternative in balancing autophagy and maintaining homeostasis. Tea is a part of the diet for many people, and it could mediate autophagy as well. Here, we aim to provide an updated overview of popular herbal teas’ health-promoting and disease healing properties and in-depth information on their relation to autophagy and its related signaling molecules. The present review sheds more light on the significance of herbal teas in regulating autophagy, thereby improving overall health.
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Sharma S, Habib S, Sahu D, Gupta J. Chemical Properties and Therapeutic Potential of Citral, a Monoterpene Isolated from Lemongrass. Med Chem 2021; 17:2-12. [PMID: 31880247 DOI: 10.2174/1573406416666191227111106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Citral is one of the main components of lemongrass oil present at a concentration of 65-85% approximately and is generally separated by steam refining. It is an important component in the manufacturing of scents, citrus chemicals, cosmetics, food and pharmaceutical products. OBJECTIVES This article aims at reviewing the published literature to highlight the metabolism, extraction strategies and therapeutic significance of citral for improving the scope of its application in the food and pharma industry. DISCUSSIONS Apart from steam refining, there are other techniques like solvent extraction, supercritical fluid extraction and ultrasonication by which citral can be extracted and the method of extraction defines its quality. It is an unstable molecule and undergoes rapid deterioration on exposure to air. Citral is biosynthesized by the plants through the 5 carbon precursor isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) units utilizing two diverse biochemical pathways, acetate- mevalonate (acetate- MVA) pathway or 2C-methylerythritol-4-phosphate (MEP). Orally Citral was absolutely digested in the gastrointestinal tract and its metabolism leads to the discharge of metabolites which include a number of acids and a biliary glucuronide. There is no scientific evidence about the long term bioavailability of citral in the body and it has no adverse effect on tissue related to its accumulation and delayed excretion. Citral exhibits various important therapeutic properties like antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory. CONCLUSION Citral is a potent biomolecule with various important biological activities and therapeutic implications. Strategies are required to increase the stability of citral which could increase its applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Sharma
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Shagufta Habib
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Debasis Sahu
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology (AIB), Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Jeena Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
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Alagawany M, El-Saadony MT, Elnesr SS, Farahat M, Attia G, Madkour M, Reda FM. Use of lemongrass essential oil as a feed additive in quail's nutrition: its effect on growth, carcass, blood biochemistry, antioxidant and immunological indices, digestive enzymes and intestinal microbiota. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101172. [PMID: 33951594 PMCID: PMC8111249 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to assess the impact of dietary supplementation of lemongrass essential oil (LGEO) on growth performance, carcass traits, liver and kidney function, immunity, antioxidant indices and caecal microbiota of growing quail. A total of 200 Japanese quails at 1-week-old were haphazardly allotted to 5 groups of 40 chicks in five replicates (8 per replicate). The first group was the control group, while LGEO was added at levels of 150, 300, 450, and 600 mg/kg diet in the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th groups, respectively. Dietary supplementation of LGEO (150, 300 and 450 mg/ kg diet) increased body weight at 3 and 5 wk of age, and increased body weight gain during all periods compared with the control group (P < 0.05). All levels of LGEO improved feed conversion ratio during the periods from 1 to 3 and 1 to 5 wk of age. During 3 to 5 wk, feed conversion ratio was improved in quails fed LGEO (300 and 450 mg/kg diet) compared with the control and other treatments. Carcass traits, plasma globulin, alanine aminotransferase, and urea values did not differ among the treatments (P > 0.05), but the activity of aspartate aminotransferase in the plasma was significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in LGEO-treated groups. The total protein and albumin values were significantly increased (P < 0.05) in quails fed levels of LGEO (except 600 mg/kg diet) compared with the control. The inclusion of LGEO in quail diets improved (P < 0.05) plasma lipid profile. The dietary supplementation of LGEO increased (linear and quadratic, P < 0.05) plasma immunoglobulins (IgM, IgG, and IgA) levels, lysozyme values and activities of superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant capacity, reduced glutathione and catalase compared with the control group. The caecal Coliform, E. coli and Salmonella were lowered (P < 0.0001) in the quails treated with all LGEO levels, but the total bacterial count and Lactobacillus count were increased with dietary supplementation of LGEO levels (300 and 450 mg/kg) compared with those in the control group. The activities of digestive enzymes were significantly higher in birds fed the diet supplemented with LGEO levels than those fed the control diet. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of LGEO can improve the performance, lipid profile, immunity and antioxidant indices and decline intestinal pathogens and thus boost the health status of growing quail.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Alagawany
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt.
| | - M T El-Saadony
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - S S Elnesr
- Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, 63514, Egypt
| | - M Farahat
- Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - G Attia
- Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - M Madkour
- Animal Production Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622 Giza, Egypt
| | - F M Reda
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
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Ahmad R, Khan MA, Srivastava A, Gupta A, Srivastava A, Jafri TR, Siddiqui Z, Chaubey S, Khan T, Srivastava AK. Anticancer Potential of Dietary Natural Products: A Comprehensive Review. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 20:122-236. [DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666191015103712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nature is a rich source of natural drug-like compounds with minimal side effects. Phytochemicals
better known as “Natural Products” are found abundantly in a number of plants. Since time immemorial, spices
have been widely used in Indian cuisine as flavoring and coloring agents. Most of these spices and condiments
are derived from various biodiversity hotspots in India (which contribute 75% of global spice production) and
form the crux of India’s multidiverse and multicultural cuisine. Apart from their aroma, flavor and taste, these
spices and condiments are known to possess several medicinal properties also. Most of these spices are mentioned
in the Ayurveda, the indigenous system of medicine. The antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiproliferative,
antihypertensive and antidiabetic properties of several of these natural products are well documented in
Ayurveda. These phytoconstituemts are known to act as functional immunoboosters, immunomodulators as well
as anti-inflammatory agents. As anticancer agents, their mechanistic action involves cancer cell death via induction
of apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy. The present review provides a comprehensive and collective update
on the potential of 66 commonly used spices as well as their bioactive constituents as anticancer agents. The
review also provides an in-depth update of all major in vitro, in vivo, clinical and pharmacological studies done
on these spices with special emphasis on the potential of these spices and their bioactive constituents as potential
functional foods for prevention, treatment and management of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumana Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Era’s Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow-226003, UP, India
| | - Mohsin A. Khan
- Chancellor, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Hardoi Road, Lucknow-226003, UP, India
| | - A.N. Srivastava
- Department of Pathology, Era’s Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow-226003, UP, India
| | - Anamika Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Era’s Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow-226003, UP, India
| | - Aditi Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry, Era’s Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow-226003, UP, India
| | - Tanvir R. Jafri
- Department of Biochemistry, Era’s Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow-226003, UP, India
| | - Zainab Siddiqui
- Department of Pathology, Era’s Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow-226003, UP, India
| | - Sunaina Chaubey
- Department of Biochemistry, Era’s Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow-226003, UP, India
| | - Tahmeena Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Integral University, Dasauli, P.O. Bas-ha, Kursi Road, Lucknow 226026, UP, India
| | - Arvind K. Srivastava
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow-226003, UP, India
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Medicinal Plants Used in Traditional Management of Cancer in Uganda: A Review of Ethnobotanical Surveys, Phytochemistry, and Anticancer Studies. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:3529081. [PMID: 32256639 PMCID: PMC7102457 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3529081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The burden of neoplastic diseases is a significant global health challenge accounting for thousands of deaths. In Uganda, about 32,617 cancer cases were reported in 2018, accompanied by 21,829 deaths. In a view to identify some potential anticancer plant candidates for possible drug development, the current study was designed to compile the inventory of plants with reported anticancer activity used in rural Uganda and the evidences supporting their use in cancer therapy. An electronic survey in multidisciplinary databases revealed that 29 plant species belonging to 28 genera distributed among 24 families have been reported to be used in the management of cancer in Uganda. Anticancer plants were majorly from the families Bignoniaceae (7%), Caricaceae (7%), Fabaceae (7%), Moraceae (7%), and Rutaceae (7%). Most species occur in the wild (52%), though some are cultivated (48%). The growth habit of the plants is as trees (55%) or herbs (45%). Anticancer extracts are usually prepared from leaves (29%), bark (24%), roots (21%), and fruits (13%) through decoctions (53%), as food spices (23%) or pounded to produce ointments that are applied topically (10%). Prunus africana (Hook.f.) Kalkman, Opuntia species, Albizia coriaria (Welw. ex Oliver), Daucus carota L., Cyperus alatus (Nees) F. Muell., Markhamia lutea (Benth.) K. Schum., and Oxalis corniculata L. were the most frequently encountered species. As per global reports, Allium sativum L., Annona muricata L., Carica papaya L., Moringa oleifera Lam., Opuntia species, Prunus africana (Hook.f.) Kalkman, and Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. are the most studied species, with the latter having vincristine and vinblastine anticancer drugs developed from it. Prostate, cervical, breast, and skin cancers are the top traditionally treated malignancies. There is a need to isolate and evaluate the anticancer potential of the bioactive compounds in the unstudied claimed plants, such as Cyperus alatus (Nees) F. Muell., Ficus dawei Hutch., Ficus natalensis Hochst., and Lovoa trichilioides Harms, and elucidate their mechanism of anticancer activity.
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Najar B, Shortrede JE, Pistelli L, Buhagiar J. Chemical Composition and in Vitro Cytotoxic Screening of Sixteen Commercial Essential Oils on Five Cancer Cell Lines. Chem Biodivers 2019; 17:e1900478. [PMID: 31713998 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201900478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The in vitro cytotoxic activity on human cancer cell lines of sixteen commercial EOs such as Aloysia citriodora, Boswellia sacra, Boswellia serrata, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Cistus ladanifer, Citrus × aurantium, Citrus limon, Citrus sinensis, Cymbopogon citratus, Foeniculum vulgare, Illicium verum, Litsea cubeba, Satureja montana, Syzygium aromaticum, Thymus capitatus and Thymus vulgaris was performed using the MTT reduction assay. The screening was carried out on human cancer cells of breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7, T47D and MDA-MB-231), chronic myelogenous erythroleukemia (K562) and neuroblastoma cell lines (SH-SY5Y). C. zeylanicum and L. cubeba EOs were the most active on almost all the cell lines studied and thus could be promising as an anticancer agent. These two species showed a difference in their composition even though they belong to the Lauraceae family. Almost 57 % of the true cinnamon composition was made of (E)-cinnamaldehyde, while L. cubeba showed citral as the major compound (68.9 %). The K562 cells were the most sensitive to these oils with an IC50 ranging from 5.2 parts-per million (ppm) (C. zeylanicum) to 11.1 ppm (L. cubeba). The latter oil also showed an important cytotoxicity on MDA-MB-231 (13.4 ppm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Basma Najar
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Luisa Pistelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Joseph Buhagiar
- Department of Biology, University of Malta, Msida MSD, 2080, Malte.,Argotti Botanic Garden & Resource Center, Triq Sarria, Il-, Furjana FRN, 1553, Malte
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Ali Khan M, Jyoti S, Rahul, Naz F, Ara G, Afzal M, Siddique YH. Effect of lemon grass extract against methyl methanesulfonate-induced toxicity. TOXIN REV 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2019.1657152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muqtada Ali Khan
- Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Smita Jyoti
- Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Rahul
- Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Falaq Naz
- Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Gulshan Ara
- Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Mohammad Afzal
- Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Yasir Hasan Siddique
- Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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Thapa D, Richardson AJ, Zweifel B, Wallace RJ, Gratz SW. Genoprotective Effects of Essential Oil Compounds Against Oxidative and Methylated DNA Damage in Human Colon Cancer Cells. J Food Sci 2019; 84:1979-1985. [PMID: 31206673 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Essential oils (EO) are widely used in foods as flavoring and preservative agents. Many of the biological activities of EO have been attributed to major essential oil compounds (EOC) but their direct interaction with colonic epithelial cells and their genotoxic and genoprotective effects are not well established. In this study, the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of EOC including nerolidol, thymol, geraniol, methylisoeugenol, eugenol, linalool, and a commercial blend (Agolin) were determined. Furthermore, the genoprotective effects of EOC against oxidative and methylating damage were assessed using the comet assay in HT-29 colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. The majority of EOC were cytotoxic to HT-29 cells at or above 250 ppm after 24 hr exposure. At noncytotoxic doses, none of the EOC was genotoxic in the comet assay. Genoprotection against oxidative DNA damage was observed for nerolidol (at 62.5 ppm), thymol (at 12.5 ppm), geraniol, and methylisoeugenol (both at 125 ppm), as well as linalool and Agolin (both at 250 ppm). Thymol was the most protective compound against oxidative DNA damage and geraniol (at 125 ppm) also protected cells against methylating DNA damage. This study highlights the potential of EOC such as thymol to protect the colonic epithelium against oxidative DNA damage and geraniol against methylating DNA damage. Further in vivo studies are needed to confirm these findings for safety and efficacy to exploit their potential pharmaceutical or nutraceutical uses for colonic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Thapa
- Rowett Inst., Univ. of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | | | | | - R John Wallace
- Rowett Inst., Univ. of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Silvia W Gratz
- Rowett Inst., Univ. of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
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Wang ZJ, Heinbockel T. Essential Oils and Their Constituents Targeting the GABAergic System and Sodium Channels as Treatment of Neurological Diseases. Molecules 2018; 23:E1061. [PMID: 29724056 PMCID: PMC6099651 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential oils and the constituents in them exhibit different pharmacological activities, such as antinociceptive, anxiolytic-like, and anticonvulsant effects. They are widely applied as a complementary therapy for people with anxiety, insomnia, convulsion, pain, and cognitive deficit symptoms through inhalation, oral administration, and aromatherapy. Recent studies show that essential oils are emerging as a promising source for modulation of the GABAergic system and sodium ion channels. This review summarizes the recent findings regarding the pharmacological properties of essential oils and compounds from the oils and the mechanisms underlying their effects. Specifically, the review focuses on the essential oils and their constituents targeting the GABAergic system and sodium channels, and their antinociceptive, anxiolytic, and anticonvulsant properties. Some constituents target transient receptor potential (TRP) channels to exert analgesic effects. Some components could interact with multiple therapeutic target proteins, for example, inhibit the function of sodium channels and, at the same time, activate GABAA receptors. The review concentrates on perspective compounds that could be better candidates for new drug development in the control of pain and anxiety syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Jun Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Howard University College of Medicine, 520 W Str., NW, Washington, DC 20059, USA.
| | - Thomas Heinbockel
- Department of Anatomy, Howard University College of Medicine, 520 W Str., NW, Washington, DC 20059, USA.
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Sheikh BY, Sarker MMR, Kamarudin MNA, Mohan G. Antiproliferative and apoptosis inducing effects of citral via p53 and ROS-induced mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in human colorectal HCT116 and HT29 cell lines. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 96:834-846. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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16
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Prophetic medicine as potential functional food elements in the intervention of cancer: A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:614-648. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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17
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Kim YW, You HJ, Lee S, Kim B, Kim DK, Choi JB, Kim JA, Lee HJ, Joo IS, Lee JS, Kang DH, Lee G, Ko GP, Lee SJ. Inactivation of Norovirus by Lemongrass Essential Oil Using a Norovirus Surrogate System. J Food Prot 2017; 80:1293-1302. [PMID: 28699786 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of lemongrass essential oil (LGEO) on the infectivity and viral replication of norovirus. Murine norovirus 1 (MNV-1), a surrogate of human norovirus, was preincubated with LGEO and then used to infect RAW 264.7 cells in a plaque reduction assay. LGEO exhibited a significant reduction in MNV-1 plaque formation in both time- and dose-dependent manners. The quantification of viral genome by quantitative real-time PCR showed similar results in line with those of the plaque reduction assay. It was revealed that citral, a single compound in LGEO, showed dramatic reduction in MNV-1 infectivity (-73.09% when using a treatment of 0.02%, v/v). The inhibitory activity of LGEO on viral replication was further investigated in HG23 cells that harbored a human norovirus replicon. LGEO treatment significantly reduced viral replication in HG23 cells, which suggests that LGEO may have dual inhibitory activities that inactivate viral coat proteins required for viral infection and suppress norovirus genome replication in host cells. In animal experiments, oral administration of murine norovirus preincubated with LGEO significantly suppressed virus infectivity in vivo. Collectively, these results suggest that LGEO, in particular the LGEO component citral, inactivates the norovirus and its subsequent replication in host cells. Thus, LGEO shows promise as a method of inhibiting norovirus within the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Won Kim
- 1 Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology for BK21 PLUS, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ju You
- 2 Institute of Health and Environment, Department of Environmental Health, Center for Human and Environmental Microbiome, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Lee
- 1 Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology for BK21 PLUS, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Bomi Kim
- 1 Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology for BK21 PLUS, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Kyung Kim
- 1 Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology for BK21 PLUS, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Bong Choi
- 1 Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology for BK21 PLUS, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ah Kim
- 1 Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology for BK21 PLUS, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jung Lee
- 3 Food Microbiology Division, Food Safety Evaluation Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Osong 28159, Republic of Korea; and
| | - In Sun Joo
- 3 Food Microbiology Division, Food Safety Evaluation Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Osong 28159, Republic of Korea; and
| | - Jeong Su Lee
- 3 Food Microbiology Division, Food Safety Evaluation Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Osong 28159, Republic of Korea; and
| | - Dong Hyun Kang
- 4 Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, and Institute of GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Giljae Lee
- 2 Institute of Health and Environment, Department of Environmental Health, Center for Human and Environmental Microbiome, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang Pyo Ko
- 2 Institute of Health and Environment, Department of Environmental Health, Center for Human and Environmental Microbiome, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Joon Lee
- 1 Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology for BK21 PLUS, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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Kpodar MS, Karou SD, Katawa G, Anani K, Gbekley HE, Adjrah Y, Tchacondo T, Batawila K, Simpore J. An ethnobotanical study of plants used to treat liver diseases in the Maritime region of Togo. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 181:263-73. [PMID: 26732630 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In Togo, many persons still rely on plants for healing, however very little is known about the medicinal practices of the indigenous people. The present study aimed to document the medicinal plant utilization for the management of liver diseases in the Maritime region of the country. METHODOLOGY This was an ethnobotanical survey conducted in the Maritime region of Togo from June to August 2015. The data were gathered from 104 traditional healers (TH) by direct interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire. The calculated use values (UV) were used to analyze the importance of the cited plants. RESULTS A total of 99 plant species belonging to 88 genera and 49 families were cited by the TH as curing the hepatic diseases. The most represented families were Caesalpiniaceae with 8 species, followed by Euphorbiaceae with 7 species, Apocynaceae and Asteraceae with 6 species each. The highest UV were recorded with Gomphrena celosioides (0.13), Xylopia ethiopica (0.12), Senna occidentalis (0.12), Bridelia ferruginea (0.12), Cymbopogon citratus (0.12), Kigellia Africana (0.09), Cassia sieberiana (0.08) and Sanseviera liberica (0.08), showing their importance in the management of liver dysfunction in the surveyed region. The main used parts were the leaves, followed by the roots, the whole plant, the rhizome and the bark, accounting for more than 10% each. The herbal medicines were mostly prepared in the form of decoction and administrated by oral route. CONCLUSION This study showed that Maritime region of Togo has an important plant biodiversity that is exploited by the indigenous TH. However, some plants cited by the TH have not been studied for their possible hepatoprotective effects. These plants are therefore a starting point for biological screenings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madje S Kpodar
- Ecole Supérieure des Techniques Biologiques et Alimentaires (ESTBA-UL), Université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Simplice D Karou
- Ecole Supérieure des Techniques Biologiques et Alimentaires (ESTBA-UL), Université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo; Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire Pietro Anigonni (CERBA), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
| | - Gnatoulma Katawa
- Ecole Supérieure des Techniques Biologiques et Alimentaires (ESTBA-UL), Université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Kokou Anani
- Ecole Supérieure des Techniques Biologiques et Alimentaires (ESTBA-UL), Université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Holaly E Gbekley
- Ecole Supérieure des Techniques Biologiques et Alimentaires (ESTBA-UL), Université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Yao Adjrah
- Ecole Supérieure des Techniques Biologiques et Alimentaires (ESTBA-UL), Université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Tchadjobo Tchacondo
- Ecole Supérieure des Techniques Biologiques et Alimentaires (ESTBA-UL), Université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Komlan Batawila
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Ecologie Végétales, Faculté des Sciences (FDS), Université de Lomé, Togo
| | - Jacques Simpore
- Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire Pietro Anigonni (CERBA), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
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Ortega MT, Jeffery B, Riviere JE, Monteiro-Riviere NA. Toxicological effects of pet food ingredients on canine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and enterocyte-like cells. J Appl Toxicol 2016; 36:189-98. [PMID: 25976427 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We developed an in vitro method to assess pet food ingredients safety. Canine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) were differentiated into enterocyte-like cells (ELC) to assess toxicity in cells representing similar patterns of exposure in vivo. The toxicological profile of clove leave oil, eugenol, guanosine monophosphate (GMP), GMP + inosine monophosphate, sorbose, ginger root extract, cinnamon bark oil, cinnamaldehyde, thyme oil, thymol and citric acid was assessed in BMSC and ELC. The LC50 for GMP + inosine monophosphate was 59.42 ± 0.90 and 56.7 ± 3.5 mg ml(-1) for BMSC and ELC; 56.84 ± 0.95 and 53.66 ± 1.36 mg ml(-1) for GMP; 0.02 ± 0.001 and 1.25 ± 0.47 mg ml(-1) for citric acid; 0.077 ± 0.002 and 0.037 ± 0.01 mg ml(-1) for cinnamaldehyde; 0.002 ± 0.0001 and 0.002 ± 0.0008 mg ml(-1) for thymol; 0.080 ± 0.003 and 0.059 ± 0.001 mg ml(-1) for thyme oil; 0.111 ± 0.002 and 0.054 ± 0.01 mg ml(-1) for cinnamon bark oil; 0.119 ± 0.0004 and 0.099 ± 0.011 mg ml(-1) for clove leave oil; 0.04 ± 0.001 and 0.028 ± 0.002 mg ml(-1) for eugenol; 2.80 ± 0.11 and 1.75 ± 0.51 mg ml(-1) for ginger root extract; > 200 and 116.78 ± 7.35 mg ml(-1) for sorbose. Lemon grass oil was evaluated at 0.003-0.9 in BMSC and .03-0.9 mg ml(-1) in ELC and its mechanistic effect was investigated. The gene toxicology studies showed regulation of 61% genes in CYP450 pathway, 37% in cholestasis and 33% in immunotoxicity pathways for BMSC. For ELC, 80% for heat shock response, 69% for beta-oxidation and 65% for mitochondrial energy metabolism. In conclusion, these studies provide a baseline against which differential toxicity of dietary feed ingredients can be assessed in vitro for direct effects on canine cells and demonstrate differential toxicity in differentiated cells that represent gastrointestinal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Ortega
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - B Jeffery
- Mars Global Food Safety Center, Yanqi Economic Development Zone, Huairou, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - J E Riviere
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - N A Monteiro-Riviere
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
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Kouame NM, Kamagate M, Koffi C, Die-Kakou HM, Yao NAR, Kakou A. Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf : ethnopharmacologie, phytochimie, activités pharmacologiques et toxicologie. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10298-015-1014-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Essential oils and their constituents as anticancer agents: a mechanistic view. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:154106. [PMID: 25003106 PMCID: PMC4070586 DOI: 10.1155/2014/154106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Exploring natural plant products as an option to find new chemical entities as anticancer agents is one of the fastest growing areas of research. Recently, in the last decade, essential oils (EOs) have been under study for their use in cancer therapy and the present review is an attempt to collect and document the available studies indicating EOs and their constituents as anticancer agents. This review enlists nearly 130 studies of EOs from various plant species and their constituents that have been studied so far for their anticancer potential and these studies have been classified as in vitro and in vivo studies for EOs and their constituents. This review also highlights in-depth various mechanisms of action of different EOs and their constituents reported in the treatment strategies for different types of cancer. The current review indicates that EOs and their constituents act by multiple pathways and mechanisms involving apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, antimetastatic and antiangiogenic, increased levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), DNA repair modulation, and others to demonstrate their antiproliferative activity in the cancer cell. The effect of EOs and their constituents on tumour suppressor proteins (p53 and Akt), transcription factors (NF- κB and AP-1), MAPK-pathway, and detoxification enzymes like SOD, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase has also been discussed.
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Carmo ES, Pereira FDO, Cavalcante NM, Gayoso CW, Lima EDO. Treatment of pityriasis versicolor with topical application of essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf - therapeutic pilot study. An Bras Dermatol 2014; 88:381-5. [PMID: 23793205 PMCID: PMC3754369 DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20131800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2012] [Accepted: 07/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pityriasis versicolor is a fungal infection caused by Malassezia spp. that has frequent relapses.
OBJECTIVES The main objective of this research was to perform phase I and II clinical studies, using formulations containing essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus in patients with pityriasis versicolor.
METHODS Phase I study included twenty volunteers to ascertain the safety of the formulations. In phase II, 47 volunteers randomly received essential oil formulations at 1.25 μL/mL concentration, for forty days. The shampoo should be applied three times a week and the cream twice a day. A control group in phase II, consisting of 29 volunteers, received the same formulations but with 2% ketoconazole as the active ingredient.
RESULTS No significant adverse events were observed in volunteers during Phase I. In Phase II, 30 (63.83%) volunteers using essential oil and 18 (62.07%) using ketoconazole remained until the end of the study. We observed a predominance of lesions in disseminated form, with M. sympodialis detected as the predominant agent identified in cultures. After 40 days of treatment, the rate of mycological cure was 60% (p <0.05) for the group treated with essential oil of C. citratus and over 80% (p <0.05) for the group treated with ketoconazole formulations.
CONCLUSIONS Notwithstanding the safety and antifungal effects observed in this study after application of formulations containing the essential oil of C. citratus, further studies with larger populations should be performed to confirm the actual potential of these formulations in the treatment of patients with Pityriasis versicolor.
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Okoh SO, Asekun OT, Familoni OB, Afolayan AJ. Antioxidant and Free Radical Scavenging Capacity of Seed and Shell Essential Oils Extracted from Abrus precatorius (L). Antioxidants (Basel) 2014; 3:278-87. [PMID: 26784871 PMCID: PMC4665479 DOI: 10.3390/antiox3020278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential oils from plants have been proven safe as natural antioxidants, and few are already marketed as digestive enhancers as well as in prevention of several degenerative diseases. This study evaluated the antioxidant capacity of seed and shell essential oils of Abrus precatorius (L), a herb used for ethno-medicinal practices in Nigeria. The essential oils were obtained by hydro-distillation. The ability of the oils to act as hydrogen/electrons donor or scavenger of radicals were determined by in-vitro antioxidant assays using 2,2-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl free radical (DPPH.) scavenging; 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging; lipid peroxide and nitric oxide radicals scavenging assays. The IC50 of the seed and shell oils (2.10 mg/mL and 1.20 mg/mL respectively) showed that antioxidant activity is higher than that for the standard drugs (3.20 mg/mL and 3.40 mg/mL) for the nitric oxide scavenging assay. The lipid peroxidation radical activity of the oils were similar to vitamin C, weak DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were discovered in comparison to vitamin C and rutin. Generally, in the four antioxidant assays, a significant correlation existed between concentrations of the oils and percentage inhibition of free radicals and lipid peroxidation. The composition of A. precatorius essential oils reported earlier may account for their antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunday O Okoh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lagos, Yaba, Lagos 101017, Nigeria.
- Department of CFET, Federal Institute of Industrial Research, Lagos 100261, Nigeria.
| | - Olayinka T Asekun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lagos, Yaba, Lagos 101017, Nigeria.
| | - Oluwole B Familoni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lagos, Yaba, Lagos 101017, Nigeria.
| | - Anthony J Afolayan
- Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa.
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Ochwang'i DO, Kimwele CN, Oduma JA, Gathumbi PK, Mbaria JM, Kiama SG. Medicinal plants used in treatment and management of cancer in Kakamega County, Kenya. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 151:1040-1055. [PMID: 24362078 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditional medicine plays a critical role in treatment of chronic debilitating and life threatening conditions and diseases. Cancer is one such condition whose therapeutic intervention is commonly through inexpensive traditional herbal remedies. Increasingly industrialised societies are developing drugs and chemotherapeutics from these traditional herbal plants. Plant biogeography determines the abundance and availability of medicinal plants which in turn determine their use by local communities. The present study was carried out in Kakamega County of Kenya to identify and document medicinal plants used for treatment and management of cancer states by communities living adjacent to Kakamega Tropical rainforest of Kakamega County, Kenya. MATERIALS AND METHODS An ethnobotanical survey was done using semi-structured questionnaires administered to 32 randomly selected herbalists from Kakamega County. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Sixty five (65) plants of 59 genera and 32 families were identified as candidates in therapeutic intervention against cancer states. Most commonly cited plant species were Spathodea campanulata P. Beauv. ssp. nilotica (Seem), Microglossa pyrifolia (Lam.) Kuntze, Harungana madagascariensis Lam. ex poir, Prunus africana (Hook. f.) kalkman, Cyphostemma serpens (A. Rich), Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don and Aloe volkensii Engl. The following were documented for the first time; Aeschynomene abyssinica (A. Rich.) Vatke, Synsepalum cerasiferum (welw.) T. D penn., Albizia coriaria Welw. ex Oliv., Aloe volkensii Engl. Bridelia micrantha (Hochst.) Baill, Croton macrostachyus Delile, Cyphostemma serpens (A. Rich), Dicliptera laxata C.B. Clarke, Ekebergia capensis Sparrm., Gardenia volkensii K. schum. ssp. volkensii, Glycine wightii (wight & Arn.), Ocimum gratissimum Suave, Olea hotcsh spp. hochstetteri, Pavetta abyssinica Fresen., Phyllanthus fischeri Pax, Psydrax schimperiana (A. Rich), Rhus vulgaris Meikle, Senna didymobotyra (Fresen.) Irwin and Barneby, Solanecio nandensis (S. Moore) C. Jeffrey, Solanum mauritianum Scop, Spathodea campanulata P. Beauv. ssp. nilotica (Seem), Spermacoce princea (K. Schum.) Verdc., Tabernaemontana stapfiana Britten, Tragia brevipes Pax and Zanthoxylum gilletii (De Wild.) P.G.Waterman. The most frequently used plant parts were fresh or dried leaves and stem barks. Administration to patients was almost exclusively oral, with the exceptions being topical application especially for breast cancer and skin sarcomas. CONCLUSIONS This study identified diverse medicinal plants used in therapeutic and management intervention against cancer by communities living adjacent to Kakamega Tropical Rainforest. The primary mode of administration was oral.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic O Ochwang'i
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi 00100, Kenya.
| | - Charles N Kimwele
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi 00100, Kenya.
| | - Jemimah A Oduma
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi 00100, Kenya.
| | - Peter K Gathumbi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Parasitology and Microbiology, University of Nairobi, P.O Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - James M Mbaria
- Department of Public Health, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Nairobi, P.O Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Stephen G Kiama
- Wangari Maathai Institute for Peace and Environmental Studies, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi 00100, Kenya.
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Ramos AA, Pedro D, Collins AR, Pereira-Wilson C. Protection by Salvia extracts against oxidative and alkylation damage to DNA in human HCT15 and CO115 cells. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2012; 75:765-75. [PMID: 22788364 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2012.689804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
DNA damage induced by oxidative and alkylating agents contributes to carcinogenesis, leading to possible mutations if replication proceeds without proper repair. However, some alkylating agents are used in cancer therapy due to their ability to induce DNA damage and subsequently apoptosis of tumor cells. In this study, the genotoxic effects of oxidative hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and alkylating agents N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) and 1,3-bis-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitosourea (BCNU) agents were examined in two colon cell lines (HCT15 and CO115). DNA damage was assessed by the comet assay with and without lesion-specific repair enzymes. Genotoxic agents were used for induction of DNA damage in both cell lines. Protective effects of extracts of three Salvia species, Salvia officinalis (SO), Salvia fruticosa (SF), and Salvia lavandulifolia (SL), against DNA damage induced by oxidative and alkylating agents were also determined. SO and SF protected against oxidative DNA damage in HCT15 cells. SO and SL decreased DNA damage induced by MNU in CO115 cells. In addition to chemopreventive effects of sage plant extracts, it was also important to know whether these plant extracts may interfere with alkylating agents such as BCNU used in cancer therapy, decreasing their efficacy. Our results showed that sage extracts tested and rosmarinic acid (RA), the main constituent, protected CO115 cells from DNA damage induced by BCNU. In HCT15 cells, only SF induced a reduction in BCNU-induced DNA damage. Sage water extracts and RA did not markedly change DNA repair protein expression in either cell line. Data showed that sage tea protected colon cells against oxidative and alkylating DNA damage and may also interfere with efficacy of alkylating agents used in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice A Ramos
- CBMA-Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology/Department of Biology, School of Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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Bidinotto LT, Costa CARA, Costa M, Rodrigues MAM, Barbisan LF. Modifying effects of lemongrass essential oil on specific tissue response to the carcinogen N-methyl-N-nitrosurea in female BALB/c mice. J Med Food 2011; 15:161-8. [PMID: 22082069 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2010.0278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus Stapf) essential oil has been used worldwide because of its ethnobotanical and medicinal usefulness. Regarding its medicinal usefulness, the present study evaluated the beneficial effects of lemongrass essential oil (LGEO) oral treatment on cell proliferation and apoptosis events and on early development of hyperplastic lesions in the mammary gland, colon, and urinary bladder induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) in female BALB/c mice. The animals were allocated into three groups: G1, treated with LGEO vehicle for 5 weeks (five times per week); G2, treated with LGEO vehicle as for G1 and MNU (two injections each of 30 mg/kg of body weight at weeks 3 and 5); and G3, treated with LGEO (five times each with 500 mg/kg of body weight per week) and MNU as for G2. Twenty-four hours after the last MNU application, all animals were euthanized, and mammary glands, colon, and urinary bladder were collected for histological and immunohistochemical analysis. LGEO oral treatment significantly changed the indexes of apoptosis and/or cellular proliferation for the tissues analyzed. In particular, the treatment reduced the incidence of hyperplastic lesions and increased apoptosis in mammary epithelial cells. This increment in the apoptosis response may be related to a favorable balance in Bcl-2/Bax immunoreactivity in mammary epithelial cells. These findings indicate that LGEO presented a protective role against early MNU-induced mammary gland alterations in BALB/c mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas T Bidinotto
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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Costa CA, Bidinotto LT, Takahira RK, Salvadori DM, Barbisan LF, Costa M. Cholesterol reduction and lack of genotoxic or toxic effects in mice after repeated 21-day oral intake of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) essential oil. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 49:2268-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Revised: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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