1
|
Rafieepour A, Azari MR, Alimohammadi I, Farshad AA. The potential of Gol-e-Gohar iron ore mine airborne dust to induce toxicity in human lung A549 cells. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE 2024:1-13. [PMID: 39388719 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2024.2406235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2024]
Abstract
Airborne particulates in iron ore mining are a risk factor for adverse human lung effects. In this study, fine particulates deposited on surfaces of about 1.5 m above the ground and 6 meters from a milling unit of the Gol-e-Gohar iron ore mine were collected through wipe sampling. Dust particles less than 5 µm in diameter were separated with an electronic sieve. Aliquots were prepared from the sieved iron ore dust estimated to be equivalent to respiratory exposure in the iron ore mill in the concentrations of 1, 5, 10, 50, 100, and 250 µg/mL, which were intended to represent equivalent inhaled doses from working one month to a working life (25 years) in the mine. The airborne concentration of respirable particles was about five times the threshold limit value given (TLV®) for iron oxide published by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. The in vitro toxicity range was estimated to be equivalent to an accumulated dose associated with working from one month to a working life in the mine. Treatment of the A549 cells resulted in decreased dehydrogenase activity and cell glutathione content and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, mitochondrial membrane permeability, and cell apoptosis-necrosis rates. The results of this study revealed the possibility of lung damage at cell doses for respirable airborne iron oxide particles estimated to be equivalent to accumulated lifetime exposures among Gol-e-Gohar miners. Further studies are recommended to investigate the effect of actual contaminants in the workplace on the occurrence of health effects on workers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Athena Rafieepour
- Occupational Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansour R Azari
- School of Public Health, Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iraj Alimohammadi
- Occupational Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Asghar Farshad
- Occupational Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Moen A, Johnsen H, Hristozov D, Zabeo A, Pizzol L, Ibarrola O, Hannon G, Holmes S, Debebe Zegeye F, Vogel U, Prina Mello A, Zienolddiny-Narui S, Wallin H. Inflammation related to inhalation of nano and micron sized iron oxides: a systematic review. Nanotoxicology 2024:1-16. [PMID: 39275857 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2024.2399039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024]
Abstract
Inhalation exposure to iron oxide occurs in many workplaces and respirable aerosols occur during thermal processes (e.g. welding, casting) or during abrasion of iron and steel products (e.g. cutting, grinding, machining, polishing, sanding) or during handling of iron oxide pigments. There is limited evidence of adverse effects in humans specifically linked to inhalation of iron oxides. This contrasts to oxides of other metals used to alloy or for coating of steel and iron of which several have been classified as being hazardous by international and national agencies. Such metal oxides are often present in the air at workplaces. In general, iron oxides might therefore be regarded as low-toxicity, low-solubility (LTLS) particles, and are often considered to be nontoxic even if very high and prolonged inhalation exposures might result in diseases. In animal studies, such exposures lead to cancer, fibrosis and other diseases. Our hypothesis was that pulmonary-workplace exposure during manufacture and handling of SPION preparations might be harmful. We therefore conducted a systematic review of the relevant literature to understand how iron oxides deposited in the lung are related to acute and subchronic pulmonary inflammation. We included one human and several in vivo animal studies published up to February 2023. We found 25 relevant studies that were useful for deriving occupational exposure limits (OEL) for iron oxides based on an inflammatory reaction. Our review of the scientific literature indicates that lowering of health-based occupational exposure limits might be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Moen
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helge Johnsen
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Alex Zabeo
- Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venizia, Italy
| | | | | | - Gary Hannon
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sarah Holmes
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Adriele Prina Mello
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Håkan Wallin
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ma C, Izumiya M, Nobuoka H, Ueno R, Mimura M, Ueda K, Ishida H, Tomotsune D, Johkura K, Yue F, Saito N, Haniu H. Three-Dimensional Modeling with Osteoblast-like Cells under External Magnetic Field Conditions Using Magnetic Nano-Ferrite Particles for the Development of Cell-Derived Artificial Bone. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:251. [PMID: 38334522 PMCID: PMC10857141 DOI: 10.3390/nano14030251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The progress in artificial bone research is crucial for addressing fractures and bone defects in the aging population. However, challenges persist in terms of biocompatibility and structural complexity. Nanotechnology provides a promising avenue by which to overcome these challenges, with nano-ferrite particles (NFPs) exhibiting superparamagnetic properties. The ability to control cell positioning using a magnetic field opens up new possibilities for customizing artificial bones with specific shapes. This study explores the biological effects of NFPs on osteoblast-like cell lines (MC3T3-E1), including key analyses, such as cell viability, cellular uptake of NFPs, calcification processes, cell migration under external magnetic field conditions, and three-dimensional modeling. The results indicate that the impact of NFPs on cell proliferation is negligible. Fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy validated the cellular uptake of NFPs, demonstrating the potential for precise cell positioning through an external magnetic field. Under calcification-inducing conditions, the cells exhibited sustained calcification ability even in the presence of NFPs. The cell movement analysis observed the controlled movement of NFP-absorbing cells under an external magnetic field. Applying a magnetic field along the z-axis induced the three-dimensional shaping of cells incorporating NFPs, resulting in well-arranged z-axis directional patterns. In this study, NFPs demonstrated excellent biocompatibility and controllability under an external magnetic field, laying the foundation for innovative treatment strategies for customizing artificial bones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Ma
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan; (C.M.); (M.I.); (H.N.); (R.U.); (M.M.); (K.U.); (H.I.); (D.T.); (F.Y.); (N.S.)
- Biomedical Engineering Division, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Makoto Izumiya
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan; (C.M.); (M.I.); (H.N.); (R.U.); (M.M.); (K.U.); (H.I.); (D.T.); (F.Y.); (N.S.)
- Biomedical Engineering Division, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Nobuoka
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan; (C.M.); (M.I.); (H.N.); (R.U.); (M.M.); (K.U.); (H.I.); (D.T.); (F.Y.); (N.S.)
- Biomedical Engineering Division, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Rintaro Ueno
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan; (C.M.); (M.I.); (H.N.); (R.U.); (M.M.); (K.U.); (H.I.); (D.T.); (F.Y.); (N.S.)
- Biomedical Engineering Division, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Masaki Mimura
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan; (C.M.); (M.I.); (H.N.); (R.U.); (M.M.); (K.U.); (H.I.); (D.T.); (F.Y.); (N.S.)
- Biomedical Engineering Division, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Katsuya Ueda
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan; (C.M.); (M.I.); (H.N.); (R.U.); (M.M.); (K.U.); (H.I.); (D.T.); (F.Y.); (N.S.)
- Biomedical Engineering Division, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Haruka Ishida
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan; (C.M.); (M.I.); (H.N.); (R.U.); (M.M.); (K.U.); (H.I.); (D.T.); (F.Y.); (N.S.)
- Biomedical Engineering Division, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Daihachiro Tomotsune
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan; (C.M.); (M.I.); (H.N.); (R.U.); (M.M.); (K.U.); (H.I.); (D.T.); (F.Y.); (N.S.)
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan;
| | - Kohei Johkura
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan;
| | - Fengming Yue
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan; (C.M.); (M.I.); (H.N.); (R.U.); (M.M.); (K.U.); (H.I.); (D.T.); (F.Y.); (N.S.)
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan;
| | - Naoto Saito
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan; (C.M.); (M.I.); (H.N.); (R.U.); (M.M.); (K.U.); (H.I.); (D.T.); (F.Y.); (N.S.)
| | - Hisao Haniu
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan; (C.M.); (M.I.); (H.N.); (R.U.); (M.M.); (K.U.); (H.I.); (D.T.); (F.Y.); (N.S.)
- Biomedical Engineering Division, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
- Biomedical Engineering Division, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rafieepour A, R Azari M, Khodagholi F. Cytotoxic effects of crystalline silica in form of micro and nanoparticles on the human lung cell line A549. Toxicol Ind Health 2023; 39:23-35. [PMID: 36433804 DOI: 10.1177/07482337221140644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Airborne crystalline silica (SiO2) particles are one of the most common pollutants in stone industries. Limited studies have investigated the health effects of crystalline SiO2 nanoparticles. Hence, the objective of this study was to study the cytotoxicity of SiO2 in nano and micron sizes. A mineral quartz sample in the range of 0.2-0.8 mm sizes was purchased. These particles were ground at about 5 and 0.1 microns. Human cell line A549 was exposed to micro and nanometer particles at concentrations of 10, 50, 100, and 250 μg/ml for 24 and 72 h. Subsequently, the cytotoxicity of exposed cells was investigated by measuring cell survival, ROS generation, mitochondrial permeability, and intracellular glutathione content. The results showed that crystalline SiO2 nano and microparticles decreased cell survival, increased ROS generation, damaged the mitochondrial membrane, and lowered the antioxidant content of these cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The toxicity of crystalline SiO2 microparticles at concentrations ≤50 μg/mL was greater than for nanoparticles, which was the opposite at concentrations ≥100 μg/mL. Exposure time and concentration were crucial factors for the cytotoxicity of exposed A549 cells to crystalline SiO2 particles, which can affect the severity of the effect of particle size. Due to the limitation of exposure concentration and test durations in this study, further studies on the parameters of nanoparticle toxicity and underlying mechanisms could advance our knowledge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Athena Rafieepour
- Occupational Health Research Center, Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, 440827Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansour R Azari
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health and Safety, 216617Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Khodagholi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bonyadian M, Moeini E, Ebrahimnejad H, Askari N, Karimi I. The effect of iron sulfate nanoparticles and their fortified bread on Wistar rats and human cell lines. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2022; 73:127005. [PMID: 35660563 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.127005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ferrous sulfate nanoparticles (FSNPs) were synthesized and characterized to mitigate the undesirable effects of ferrous sulfate bulk particles (FSBPs) as a supplement or fortificant in health/food industries. METHODS The toxicity of FSNPs and FSBPs was evaluated against AGS, PLC/PRF/5, and HGF1-PI 1 cell lines. Then, Wistar rats were fed three levels of FSNPs and FSBPs fortified-bread. Growth performance, hematological parameters, and histopathological changes in treated rats were assessed after 21 days. RESULTS High concentrations of FSNPs (3.125 and 6.25 mM) increased the necrosis of AGS cells. A low level of FSNPs (1.57 mM) did not affect the viability of cells after 72 h. Fibroblasts did not show apoptosis and necrosis after exposing 1.57 mM of FSNPs. In rats, 9 mg elemental iron of FSNPs/day enhanced hemoglobin, PCV, and ferritin values and increased the body weight gain (p < 0.05). FSNPs fortified-bread induced no clinical symptom or histopathological lesion in rats. CONCLUSION FSNPs affect cells in a dose-dependent manner. The results indicate that FSNPs at the low level do not have adverse effects on normal fibroblasts and rats. Significant weight gain in rats having a low level of FSNPs compared to the FSBPs indicates the negligible toxicity of FSNPs at low concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Bonyadian
- Department of Food Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Elahe Moeini
- Department of Food Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Hadi Ebrahimnejad
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman 7616914111, Iran.
| | - Nahid Askari
- Research Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Sciences and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
| | - Iraj Karimi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cazzagon V, Giubilato E, Pizzol L, Ravagli C, Doumett S, Baldi G, Blosi M, Brunelli A, Fito C, Huertas F, Marcomini A, Semenzin E, Zabeo A, Zanoni I, Hristozov D. Occupational risk of nano-biomaterials: Assessment of nano-enabled magnetite contrast agent using the BIORIMA Decision Support System. NANOIMPACT 2022; 25:100373. [PMID: 35559879 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2021.100373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The assessment of the safety of nano-biomedical products for patients is an essential prerequisite for their market authorization. However, it is also required to ensure the safety of the workers who may be unintentionally exposed to the nano-biomaterials (NBMs) in these medical applications during their synthesis, formulation into products and end-of-life processing and also of the medical professionals (e.g., nurses, doctors, dentists) using the products for treating patients. There is only a handful of workplace risk assessments focussing on NBMs used in medical applications. Our goal is to contribute to increasing the knowledge in this area by assessing the occupational risks of magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles coated with PLGA-b-PEG-COOH used as contrast agent in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) by applying the software-based Decision Support System (DSS) which was developed in the EU H2020 project BIORIMA. The occupational risk assessment was performed according to regulatory requirements and using state-of-the-art models for hazard and exposure assessment, which are part of the DSS. Exposure scenarios for each life cycle stage were developed using data from literature, inputs from partnering industries and results of a questionnaire distributed to healthcare professionals, i.e., physicians, nurses, technicians working with contrast agents for MRI. Exposure concentrations were obtained either from predictive exposure models or monitoring campaigns designed specifically for this study. Derived No-Effect Levels (DNELs) were calculated by means of the APROBA tool starting from in vivo hazard data from literature. The exposure estimates/measurements and the DNELs were used to perform probabilistic risk characterisation for the formulated exposure scenarios, including uncertainty analysis. The obtained results revealed negligible risks for workers along the life cycle of magnetite NBMs used as contrast agent for the diagnosis of tumour cells in all exposure scenarios except in one when risk is considered acceptable after the adoption of specific risk management measures. The study also demonstrated the added value of using the BIORIMA DSS for quantification and communication of occupational risks of nano-biomedical applications and the associated uncertainties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Cazzagon
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, via Torino 155, 30170 Venice Mestre, Italy
| | - E Giubilato
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, via Torino 155, 30170 Venice Mestre, Italy; GreenDecision S.r.l., 30170 Venice Mestre, Italy.
| | - L Pizzol
- GreenDecision S.r.l., 30170 Venice Mestre, Italy
| | - C Ravagli
- COLOROBBIA CONSULTING S.r.l., Ce.Ri.Col. Centro Ricerche Colorobbia, Via Pietramarina, 123, 50053 Sovigliana, Vinci (FI), Italy
| | - S Doumett
- COLOROBBIA CONSULTING S.r.l., Ce.Ri.Col. Centro Ricerche Colorobbia, Via Pietramarina, 123, 50053 Sovigliana, Vinci (FI), Italy
| | - G Baldi
- COLOROBBIA CONSULTING S.r.l., Ce.Ri.Col. Centro Ricerche Colorobbia, Via Pietramarina, 123, 50053 Sovigliana, Vinci (FI), Italy
| | - M Blosi
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics (CNR-ISTEC), National Research Council of Italy, Via Granarolo 64, 48018 Faenza, RA, Italy
| | - A Brunelli
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, via Torino 155, 30170 Venice Mestre, Italy
| | - C Fito
- ITENE, C/ Albert Einstein, 1, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - F Huertas
- ITENE, C/ Albert Einstein, 1, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Marcomini
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, via Torino 155, 30170 Venice Mestre, Italy
| | - E Semenzin
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, via Torino 155, 30170 Venice Mestre, Italy
| | - A Zabeo
- GreenDecision S.r.l., 30170 Venice Mestre, Italy
| | - I Zanoni
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics (CNR-ISTEC), National Research Council of Italy, Via Granarolo 64, 48018 Faenza, RA, Italy
| | - D Hristozov
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, via Torino 155, 30170 Venice Mestre, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tada Y, Hojo M, Yuzawa K, Nagasawa A, Suzuki J, Inomata A, Moriyasu T, Nakae D. Iron oxide nanoparticles exert inhibitory effects on N-Bis(2-hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine (DHPN)-induced lung tumorigenesis in rats. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 128:105072. [PMID: 34742869 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2021.105072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles (magnetite) have been widely used in industry and medicine. However, the safety assessment of magnetite has not been fully completed. The present study was conducted to assess effects of magnetite on carcinogenic activity, using a medium-term bioassay protocol. A total of 100 male Fischer 344 rats, 6 weeks old, were randomly divided into 5 groups of 20 animals each, and given a basal diet and drinking water containing 0 or 0.1% of N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine (DHPN) for 2 weeks. Two weeks later, the rats were intratracheally instilled magnetite 7 times at an interval of 4 weeks, at the doses of 0, 1.0 or 5.0 mg/kg body weight, and sacrificed at the end of the experimental period of 30 weeks. The multiplicities of macroscopic lung nodules and histopathologically diagnosed bronchiolo-alveolar hyperplasia, induced by DHPN, were both significantly decreased by the high dose of magnetite. The expression of minichromosome maintenance (MCM) protein 7 in non-tumoral alveolar epithelial cells, and the number of CD163-positive macrophages in tumor nodules were both significantly reduced by magnetite. It is suggested that magnetite exerts inhibitory effects against DHPN-induced lung tumorigenesis, by the reduction of alveolar epithelial proliferation and the M2 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukie Tada
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunincho, Shin'juku, Tokyo, 169-0073, Japan.
| | - Motoki Hojo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunincho, Shin'juku, Tokyo, 169-0073, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Yuzawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunincho, Shin'juku, Tokyo, 169-0073, Japan
| | - Akemichi Nagasawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunincho, Shin'juku, Tokyo, 169-0073, Japan
| | - Jin Suzuki
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunincho, Shin'juku, Tokyo, 169-0073, Japan
| | - Akiko Inomata
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunincho, Shin'juku, Tokyo, 169-0073, Japan
| | - Takako Moriyasu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunincho, Shin'juku, Tokyo, 169-0073, Japan
| | - Dai Nakae
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakura-ga-Oka, Setagaya, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Vargas-Ortíz JR, Böhnel HN, Gonzalez C, Esquivel K. Magnetic nanoparticle behavior evaluation on cardiac tissue contractility through Langendorff rat heart technique as a nanotoxicology parameter. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-021-02031-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
9
|
Wong ET, Szostak J, Titz B, Lee T, Wong SK, Lavrynenko O, Merg C, Corciulo M, Simicevic J, Auberson M, Peric D, Dulize R, Bornand D, Loh GJ, Lee KM, Zhang J, Miller JH, Schlage WK, Guedj E, Schneider T, Phillips B, Leroy P, Choukrallah MA, Sierro N, Buettner A, Xiang Y, Kuczaj A, Ivanov NV, Luettich K, Vanscheeuwijck P, Peitsch MC, Hoeng J. A 6-month inhalation toxicology study in Apoe -/- mice demonstrates substantially lower effects of e-vapor aerosol compared with cigarette smoke in the respiratory tract. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:1805-1829. [PMID: 33963423 PMCID: PMC8113187 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03020-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is the major cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Considerable attention has been paid to the reduced harm potential of nicotine-containing inhalable products such as electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes). We investigated the effects of mainstream cigarette smoke (CS) and e-vapor aerosols (containing nicotine and flavor) generated by a capillary aerosol generator on emphysematous changes, lung function, and molecular alterations in the respiratory system of female Apoe-/- mice. Mice were exposed daily (3 h/day, 5 days/week) for 6 months to aerosols from three different e-vapor formulations-(1) carrier (propylene glycol and vegetable glycerol), (2) base (carrier and nicotine), or (3) test (base and flavor)-or to CS from 3R4F reference cigarettes. The CS and base/test aerosol concentrations were matched at 35 µg nicotine/L. CS exposure, but not e-vapor exposure, led to impairment of lung function (pressure-volume loop area, A and K parameters, quasi-static elastance and compliance) and caused marked lung inflammation and emphysematous changes, which were confirmed histopathologically and morphometrically. CS exposure caused lung transcriptome (activation of oxidative stress and inflammatory responses), lipidome, and proteome dysregulation and changes in DNA methylation; in contrast, these effects were substantially reduced in response to the e-vapor aerosol exposure. Compared with sham, aerosol exposure (carrier, base, and test) caused a slight impact on lung inflammation and epithelia irritation. Our results demonstrated that, in comparison with CS, e-vapor aerosols induced substantially lower biological and pathological changes in the respiratory tract associated with chronic inflammation and emphysema.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ee Tsin Wong
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris International Research Laboratories Pte. Ltd, Science Park II, Singapore, 117406, Singapore
| | - Justyna Szostak
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Bjoern Titz
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Tom Lee
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris International Research Laboratories Pte. Ltd, Science Park II, Singapore, 117406, Singapore
| | - Sin Kei Wong
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris International Research Laboratories Pte. Ltd, Science Park II, Singapore, 117406, Singapore
| | - Oksana Lavrynenko
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Celine Merg
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Maica Corciulo
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Jovan Simicevic
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Mehdi Auberson
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Dariusz Peric
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Remi Dulize
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - David Bornand
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Guo Jie Loh
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris International Research Laboratories Pte. Ltd, Science Park II, Singapore, 117406, Singapore
| | | | - Jingjie Zhang
- Altria Client Services LLC, 601 East Jackson Street, Richmond, VA, 23219, USA
| | - John H Miller
- Altria Client Services LLC, 601 East Jackson Street, Richmond, VA, 23219, USA
| | | | - Emmanuel Guedj
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Schneider
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Blaine Phillips
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris International Research Laboratories Pte. Ltd, Science Park II, Singapore, 117406, Singapore
| | - Patrice Leroy
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | - Nicolas Sierro
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | - Yang Xiang
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Arkadiusz Kuczaj
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Nikolai V Ivanov
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Karsta Luettich
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | - Manuel C Peitsch
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Hoeng
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Begay J, Sanchez B, Wheeler A, Baldwin F, Lucas S, Herbert G, Ordonez Y, Shuey C, Klaver Z, Harkema JR, Wagner JG, Morishita M, Bleske B, Zychowski KE, Campen MJ. Assessment of particulate matter toxicity and physicochemistry at the Claim 28 uranium mine site in Blue Gap, AZ. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2021; 84:31-48. [PMID: 33050837 PMCID: PMC7726040 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2020.1830210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Thousands of abandoned uranium mines (AUMs) exist in the western United States. Due to improper remediation, windblown dusts generated from AUMs are of significant community concern. A mobile inhalation lab was sited near an AUM of high community concern ("Claim 28") with three primary objectives: to (1) determine the composition of the regional ambient particulate matter (PM), (2) assess meteorological characteristics (wind speed and direction), and (3) assess immunological and physiological responses of mice after exposures to concentrated ambient PM (or CAPs). C57BL/6 and apolipoprotein E-null (ApoE-/-) mice were exposed to CAPs in AirCARE1 located approximately 1 km to the SW of Claim 28, for 1 or 28 days for 4 hr/day at approximately 80 µg/m3 CAPs. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) analysis revealed a significant influx of neutrophils after a single-day exposure in C57BL/6 mice (average PM2.5 concentration = 68 µg/m3). Lungs from mice exposed for 1 day exhibited modest increases in Tnfa and Tgfb mRNA levels in the CAPs exposure group compared to filtered air (FA). Lungs from mice exposed for 28 days exhibited reduced Tgfb (C57BL/6) and Tnfa (ApoE-/-) mRNA levels. Wind direction was typically moving from SW to NE (away from the community) and, while detectable in all samples, uranium concentrations in the PM2.5 fraction were not markedly different from published-reported values. Overall, exposure to CAPs in the region of the Blue GAP Tachee's Claim-28 uranium mine demonstrated little evidence of overt pulmonary injury or inflammation or ambient air contamination attributed to uranium or vanadium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Begay
- University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Bethany Sanchez
- University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Abigail Wheeler
- University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | - Selita Lucas
- University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Guy Herbert
- University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Yoselin Ordonez
- University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Chris Shuey
- Southwest Research and Information Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Barry Bleske
- University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rafieepour A, Azari MR, Peirovi H, Khodagholi F, Jaktaji JP, Mehrabi Y, Naserzadeh P, Mohammadian Y. Investigation of the effect of magnetite iron oxide particles size on cytotoxicity in A 549 cell line. Toxicol Ind Health 2020; 35:703-713. [PMID: 31818242 DOI: 10.1177/0748233719888077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Magnetite as iron oxide is widely used in various industries, in the pharmaceutical industry in particular where it is used for its magnetic properties. The environmental and occupational exposure to airborne nanoparticles and microparticles of iron oxide compounds have been reported. Since authors have reported contradictory results, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of particles' size in their toxicities. METHODS The human cell line A549 was exposed with magnetite iron oxide in two size categories of micro (≥5 µm) and nano (<100 nm), with four concentrations of 10, 50, 100, and 250 µg/ml at two time periods of 24 and 72 h. The cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS), changes in mitochondrial membrane potential, and incidence of apoptosis were studied. RESULTS Nano and micro magnetite particles demonstrated diverse toxicity effects on the A549 cell line at the 24- and 72-h exposure periods; however, the effects produced were time- and concentration-dependent. Nano magnetite particles produced greater cellular toxicities in forms of decreased viabilities at concentration exposures greater than 50 µg/ml (p < 0.05), along with increased ROS (p < 0.05), decreased cellular membrane potential (p < 0.05), and reduced rate of apoptosis (p < 0.05). DISCUSSION The results of this study demonstrated that magnetite iron in nano-range sizes had a greater absorbability for the A549 cell line compared to micro sizes, and at the same time, nanoparticles were more toxic than microparticles, demonstrating higher production of ROS and decreased viabilities. Considering the greater toxicity of nanoparticles of magnetite iron in this study, thorough precautionary control measures must be taken before they can be used in various industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Athena Rafieepour
- School of Public Health and Safety, Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansour R Azari
- Nanomedicine and Tissue Engineering Research Center, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Habibollah Peirovi
- Nanomedicine and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Khodagholi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Yadollah Mehrabi
- Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Naserzadeh
- School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Mohammadian
- Nanomedicine and Tissue Engineering Research Center, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Morgan J, Bell R, Jones AL. Endogenous doesn't always mean innocuous: a scoping review of iron toxicity by inhalation. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2020; 23:107-136. [PMID: 32106786 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2020.1731896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ambient air pollution is a leading risk factor for the global burden of disease. One possible pathway of particulate matter (PM)-induced toxicity is through iron (Fe), the most abundant metal in the atmosphere. The aim of the review was to consider the complexity of Fe-mediated toxicity following inhalation exposure focusing on the chemical and surface reactivity of Fe as a transition metal and possible pathways of toxicity via reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation as well as considerations of size, morphology, and source of PM. A broad term search of 4 databases identified 2189 journal articles and reports examining exposure to Fe via inhalation in the past 10 years. These were sequentially analyzed by title, abstract and full-text to identify 87 articles publishing results on the toxicity of Fe-containing PM by inhalation or instillation to the respiratory system. The remaining 87 papers were examined to summarize research dealing with in vitro, in vivo and epidemiological studies involving PM containing Fe or iron oxide following inhalation or instillation. The major findings from these investigations are summarized and tabulated. Epidemiological studies showed that exposure to Fe oxide is correlated with an increased incidence of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and several respiratory diseases. Iron PM was found to induce inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo and to translocate to remote locations including the brain following inhalation. A potential pathway for the PM-containing Fe-mediated toxicity by inhalation is via the generation of ROS which leads to lipid peroxidation and DNA and protein oxidation. Our recommendations include an expansion of epidemiological, in vivo and in vitro studies, integrating research improvements outlined in this review, such as the method of particle preparation, cell line type, and animal model, to enhance our understanding of the complex biological interactions of these particles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jody Morgan
- Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Robin Bell
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Alison L Jones
- Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hadrup N, Saber AT, Kyjovska ZO, Jacobsen NR, Vippola M, Sarlin E, Ding Y, Schmid O, Wallin H, Jensen KA, Vogel U. Pulmonary toxicity of Fe 2O 3, ZnFe 2O 4, NiFe 2O 4 and NiZnFe 4O 8 nanomaterials: Inflammation and DNA strand breaks. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 74:103303. [PMID: 31794919 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.103303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to metal oxide nanomaterials potentially occurs at the workplace. We investigated the toxicity of two Fe-oxides: Fe2O3 nanoparticles and nanorods; and three MFe2O4 spinels: NiZnFe4O8, ZnFe2O4, and NiFe2O4 nanoparticles. Mice were dosed 14, 43 or 128 μg by intratracheal instillation. Recovery periods were 1, 3, or 28 days. Inflammation - neutrophil influx into bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid - occurred for Fe2O3 rods (1 day), ZnFe2O4 (1, 3 days), NiFe2O4 (1, 3, 28 days), Fe2O3 (28 days) and NiZnFe4O8 (28 days). Conversion of mass-dose into specific surface-area-dose showed that inflammation correlated with deposited surface area and consequently, all these nanomaterials belong to the so-called low-solubility, low-toxicity class. Increased levels of DNA strand breaks were observed for both Fe2O3 particles and rods, in BAL cells three days post-exposure. To our knowledge, this is, besides magnetite (Fe3O4), the first study of the pulmonary toxicity of MFe2O4 spinel nanomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niels Hadrup
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), 105 Lersø Parkallé, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Anne T Saber
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), 105 Lersø Parkallé, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Zdenka O Kyjovska
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), 105 Lersø Parkallé, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Nicklas R Jacobsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), 105 Lersø Parkallé, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Minnamari Vippola
- Materials Science and Environmental Engineering, Tampere University, P.O.Box 589, 33014 Tampere University, Finland.
| | - Essi Sarlin
- Materials Science and Environmental Engineering, Tampere University, P.O.Box 589, 33014 Tampere University, Finland.
| | - Yaobo Ding
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Max-Lebsche-Platz 31, 81377 Munich, Germany; Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Otmar Schmid
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Max-Lebsche-Platz 31, 81377 Munich, Germany; Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Håkan Wallin
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Keld A Jensen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), 105 Lersø Parkallé, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), 105 Lersø Parkallé, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Department of Health Technology, Danish Technical University (DTU), DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ganguly K, Carlander U, Garessus EDG, Fridén M, Eriksson UG, Tehler U, Johanson G. Computational modeling of lung deposition of inhaled particles in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients: identification of gaps in knowledge and data. Crit Rev Toxicol 2019; 49:160-173. [DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2019.1584153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koustav Ganguly
- Integrative Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Carlander
- Integrative Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Estella DG Garessus
- Integrative Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Markus Fridén
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Translational PKPD, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ulf G Eriksson
- Early Clinical Development, IMED Biotech Unit, Quantitative Clinical Pharmacology, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Tehler
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, Early Product Development, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Johanson
- Integrative Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li W, Pauluhn J. Re-defining kinetic lung overload: Time for new paradigms. Toxicol Lett 2018; 295:212-219. [PMID: 29966747 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.06.1222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
This paper compares two previously published 13-week inhalation studies with poorly soluble, low-toxicity particles (PSLTs) in rats to identify the unifying key metric of kinetic lung overload. The PSLTs compared are Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT) and black iron oxide (Fe3O4, magnetite). Their material densities and related displacement volumes differ approximately 30-fold. This offers an opportunity for analyzing the impact of the PSLT-density of agglomerates on endpoints currently conceived to be involved in kinetic lung overload. Corpuscular volumes and counts of cells retrieved by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) are analyzed to interrelate modeled cumulative lung burdens of solid aerosol to predict the no observed adverse effect concentration (NOAEC) and range of conditions causing various degrees of kinetic lung overload up to and beyond the maximum tolerated cumulative dose (MTD). Both descriptors are a reflection of accumulated lung burdens and, by design, bracket repeated exposure inhalation studies with PSLTs. This comparative analysis of high- and low-density PSLTs reveals that the leading adverse outcome pathway (AOP) is caused by a markedly increased pool-size of BAL-cells rather than any increased corpuscular volume of cells. The overload-related increased pool-size of BAL-cells is shown to be the dependent variable for the prorated increased elimination half-time of PSLTs. This interrelationship was used to predict the exposure concentrations for attaining a NOAEC and MTD of guideline-based repeated exposure inhalation studies with PSLTs. Earlier approaches suggesting a loss of the migratory capabilities of particle-laden, enlarged alveolar macrophages to be the cause for any increased elimination half-time of PSLTs could not be confirmed. In summary, kinetic modeling provides a versatile means to predict the cornerstones of repeated inhalation studies with PSLTs on rats. Such possibilities leverage adjustment of studies from different sources to identical degrees of kinetic overload. They also facilitate and foster AOP-facilitated read-across approaches. The course taken enables risk assessors to better differentiate lung pathologies caused by generic lung overload and substance-specific pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Li
- 14th Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Juergen Pauluhn
- 14th Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Pauluhn J. Fate of inhaled Nano-CeO2 revisited: Predicting the unpredictable. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 97:63-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
17
|
Williams LJ, Chen L, Zosky GR. The respiratory health effects of geogenic (earth derived) PM10. Inhal Toxicol 2017; 29:342-355. [DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2017.1367054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lewis J. Williams
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Ling Chen
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Graeme R. Zosky
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Drew NM, Kuempel ED, Pei Y, Yang F. A quantitative framework to group nanoscale and microscale particles by hazard potency to derive occupational exposure limits: Proof of concept evaluation. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 89:253-267. [PMID: 28789940 PMCID: PMC5875420 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The large and rapidly growing number of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) presents a challenge to assessing the potential occupational health risks. An initial database of 25 rodent studies including 1929 animals across various experimental designs and material types was constructed to identify materials that are similar with respect to their potency in eliciting neutrophilic pulmonary inflammation, a response relevant to workers. Doses were normalized across rodent species, strain, and sex as the estimated deposited particle mass dose per gram of lung. Doses associated with specific measures of pulmonary inflammation were estimated by modeling the continuous dose-response relationships using benchmark dose modeling. Hierarchical clustering was used to identify similar materials. The 18 nanoscale and microscale particles were classified into four potency groups, which varied by factors of approximately two to 100. Benchmark particles microscale TiO2 and crystalline silica were in the lowest and highest potency groups, respectively. Random forest methods were used to identify the important physicochemical predictors of pulmonary toxicity, and group assignments were correctly predicted for five of six new ENMs. Proof-of-concept was demonstrated for this framework. More comprehensive data are needed for further development and validation for use in deriving categorical occupational exposure limits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan M Drew
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Nanotechnology Research Center (NTRC), Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA.
| | - Eileen D Kuempel
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Nanotechnology Research Center (NTRC), Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA
| | - Ying Pei
- West Virginia University, Department of Industrial and Management System Engineering, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Feng Yang
- West Virginia University, Department of Industrial and Management System Engineering, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Pauluhn J. Kinetic modeling of the retention and fate of inhaled cerium oxide nanoparticles in rats: The cumulative displacement volume of agglomerates determines the outcome. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 86:319-331. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
20
|
Armstead AL, Li B. Nanotoxicity: emerging concerns regarding nanomaterial safety and occupational hard metal (WC-Co) nanoparticle exposure. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:6421-6433. [PMID: 27942214 PMCID: PMC5138053 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s121238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As the number of commercial and consumer products containing engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) continually rises, the increased use and production of these ENMs presents an important toxicological concern. Although ENMs offer a number of advantages over traditional materials, their extremely small size and associated characteristics may also greatly enhance their toxic potentials. ENM exposure can occur in various consumer and industrial settings through inhalation, ingestion, or dermal routes. Although the importance of accurate ENM characterization, effective dosage metrics, and selection of appropriate cell or animal-based models are universally agreed upon as important factors in ENM research, at present, there is no “standardized” approach used to assess ENM toxicity in the research community. Of particular interest is occupational exposure to tungsten carbide cobalt (WC-Co) “dusts,” composed of nano- and micro-sized particles, in hard metal manufacturing facilities and mining and drilling industries. Inhalation of WC-Co dust is known to cause “hard metal lung disease” and an increased risk of lung cancer; however, the mechanisms underlying WC-Co toxicity, the inflammatory disease state and progression to cancer are poorly understood. Herein, a discussion of ENM toxicity is followed by a review of the known literature regarding the effects of WC-Co particle exposure. The risk of WC-Co exposure in occupational settings and the updates of in vitro and in vivo studies of both micro- and nano-WC-Co particles are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L Armstead
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine; School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University
| | - Bingyun Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine; School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University; Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Egorova KS, Ananikov VP. Welche Katalysatormetalle sind harmlos, welche giftig? Vergleich der Toxizitäten von Ni-, Cu-, Fe-, Pd-, Pt-, Rh- und Au-Salzen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201603777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia S. Egorova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences; Leninsky prospect 47 Moscow 119991 Russland
| | - Valentine P. Ananikov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences; Leninsky prospect 47 Moscow 119991 Russland
- Department of Chemistry; Saint Petersburg State University; Stary Petergof 198504 Russland
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Egorova KS, Ananikov VP. Which Metals are Green for Catalysis? Comparison of the Toxicities of Ni, Cu, Fe, Pd, Pt, Rh, and Au Salts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:12150-62. [PMID: 27532248 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201603777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Environmental profiles for the selected metals were compiled on the basis of available data on their biological activities. Analysis of the profiles suggests that the concept of toxic heavy metals and safe nontoxic alternatives based on lighter metals should be re-evaluated. Comparison of the toxicological data indicates that palladium, platinum, and gold compounds, often considered heavy and toxic, may in fact be not so dangerous, whereas complexes of nickel and copper, typically assumed to be green and sustainable alternatives, may possess significant toxicities, which is also greatly affected by the solubility in water and biological fluids. It appears that the development of new catalysts and novel applications should not rely on the existing assumptions concerning toxicity/nontoxicity. Overall, the available experimental data seem insufficient for accurate evaluation of biological activity of these metals and its modulation by the ligands. Without dedicated experimental measurements for particular metal/ligand frameworks, toxicity should not be used as a "selling point" when describing new catalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia S Egorova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Valentine P Ananikov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia. .,Department of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Stary Petergof, 198504, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
|
24
|
Pease C, Rücker T, Birk T. Review of the Evidence from Epidemiology, Toxicology, and Lung Bioavailability on the Carcinogenicity of Inhaled Iron Oxide Particulates. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 29:237-54. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5b00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Pease
- Ramboll ENVIRON
UK Limited, 1 Broad Gate, The Headrow, Leeds LS1 8EQ, U.K
| | - Thomas Rücker
- Ramboll ENVIRON
Germany GmbH, Aschauer Straße
32a, 81549 München, Germany
| | - Thomas Birk
- Ramboll ENVIRON
Germany GmbH, Friedrich-Ebert-Strasse
55, 45127 Essen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Radu M, Dinu D, Sima C, Burlacu R, Hermenean A, Ardelean A, Dinischiotu A. Magnetite nanoparticles induced adaptive mechanisms counteract cell death in human pulmonary fibroblasts. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 29:1492-502. [PMID: 26065626 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Magnetite nanoparticles (MNP) have attracted great interest for biomedical applications due to their unique chemical and physical properties, but the MNP impact on human health is not fully known. Consequently, our study proposes to highlight the biochemical mechanisms that underline the toxic effects of MNP on a human lung fibroblast cell line (MRC-5). The cytotoxicity generated by MNP in MRC-5 cells was dose and time-dependent. MNP-treated MRC-5 cells accumulated large amount of iron and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and exhibited elevated antioxidant scavenger enzymes. Reduced glutathione (GSH) depletion and enhanced lipid peroxidation (LPO) processes were also observed. The cellular capacity to counteract the oxidative damage was sustained by high levels of heat shock protein 60 (Hsp60), a protein that confers resistance against ROS attack and inhibition of cell death. While significant augmentations in nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandine E2 (PGE2) levels were detected after 72 h of MNP-exposure only, caspase-1 was activated earlier starting with 24h post-treatment. Taken together, our results suggest that MRC-5 cells have the capacity to develop cell protection mechanisms against MNP. Detailed knowledge of the mechanisms induced by MNP in cell culture could be essential for their prospective use in various in vivo biochemical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Radu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, Bucharest 050095, Romania; Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 1 Feleacului, Arad 310396, Romania
| | - Diana Dinu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, Bucharest 050095, Romania
| | - Cornelia Sima
- Laser Department, National Institute of Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor, Bucharest-Magurele 077125, Romania
| | - Radu Burlacu
- Department of Mathematics, University of Agriculture Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 59 Marasti, Bucharest 011464, Romania
| | - Anca Hermenean
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 1 Feleacului, Arad 310396, Romania; Department of Experimental and Applied Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 86 Rebreanu, Arad 310414, Romania
| | - Aurel Ardelean
- Department of Experimental and Applied Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 86 Rebreanu, Arad 310414, Romania
| | - Anca Dinischiotu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, Bucharest 050095, Romania.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of iron compounds (E1) as feed additives for all animal species: ferrous carbonate based on a dossier submitted by Ankerpoort N.V. EFSA J 2015. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
|
27
|
Armstead AL, Minarchick VC, Porter DW, Nurkiewicz TR, Li B. Acute inflammatory responses of nanoparticles in an intra-tracheal instillation rat model. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118778. [PMID: 25738830 PMCID: PMC4349695 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to hard metal tungsten carbide cobalt (WC-Co) "dusts" in enclosed industrial environments is known to contribute to the development of hard metal lung disease and an increased risk for lung cancer. Currently, the influence of local and systemic inflammation on disease progression following WC-Co exposure remains unclear. To better understand the relationship between WC-Co nanoparticle (NP) exposure and its resultant effects, the acute local pulmonary and systemic inflammatory responses caused by WC-Co NPs were explored using an intra-tracheal instillation (IT) model and compared to those of CeO2 (another occupational hazard) NP exposure. Sprague-Dawley rats were given an IT dose (0-500 μg per rat) of WC-Co or CeO2 NPs. Following 24-hr exposure, broncho-alveolar lavage fluid and whole blood were collected and analyzed. A consistent lack of acute local pulmonary inflammation was observed in terms of the broncho-alveolar lavage fluid parameters examined (i.e. LDH, albumin, and macrophage activation) in animals exposed to WC-Co NP; however, significant acute pulmonary inflammation was observed in the CeO2 NP group. The lack of acute inflammation following WC-Co NP exposure contrasts with earlier in vivo reports regarding WC-Co toxicity in rats, illuminating the critical role of NP dose and exposure time and bringing into question the potential role of impurities in particle samples. Further, we demonstrated that WC-Co NP exposure does not induce acute systemic effects since no significant increase in circulating inflammatory cytokines were observed. Taken together, the results of this in vivo study illustrate the distinct differences in acute local pulmonary and systemic inflammatory responses to NPs composed of WC-Co and CeO2; therefore, it is important that the outcomes of pulmonary exposure to one type of NPs may not be implicitly extrapolated to other types of NPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L. Armstead
- Biomaterials, Bioengineering & Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
- Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences Graduate Program, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Valerie C. Minarchick
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
- Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Dale W. Porter
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Timothy R. Nurkiewicz
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
- Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Bingyun Li
- Biomaterials, Bioengineering & Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
- Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences Graduate Program, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
- Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Pauluhn J. Derivation of occupational exposure levels (OELs) of low-toxicity isometric biopersistent particles: How can the kinetic lung overload paradigm be used for improved inhalation toxicity study design and OEL-derivation? Part Fibre Toxicol 2014; 11:72. [PMID: 25526747 PMCID: PMC4323034 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-014-0072-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Convincing evidence suggests that poorly soluble low-toxicity particles (PSP) exert two unifying major modes of action (MoA), in which one appears to be deposition-related acute, whilst the other is retention-related and occurs with particle accumulation in the lung and associated persistent inflammation. Either MoA has its study- and cumulative dose-specific adverse outcome and metric. Modeling procedures were applied to better understand as to which extent protocol variables may predetermine any specific outcome of study. The results from modeled and empirical studies served as basis to derive OELs from modeled and empirically confirmed directions. Results This analysis demonstrates that the accumulated retained particle displacement volume was the most prominent unifying denominator linking the pulmonary retained volumetric particle dose to inflammogenicity and toxicity. However, conventional study design may not always be appropriate to unequivocally discriminate the surface thermodynamics-related acute adversity from the cumulative retention volume-related chronic adversity. Thus, in the absence of kinetically designed studies, it may become increasingly challenging to differentiate substance-specific deposition-related acute effects from the more chronic retained cumulative dose-related effects. Conclusion It is concluded that the degree of dissolution of particles in the pulmonary environment seems to be generally underestimated with the possibility to attribute to toxicity due to decreased particle size and associated changes in thermodynamics and kinetics of dissolution. Accordingly, acute deposition-related outcomes become an important secondary variable within the pulmonary microenvironment. In turn, lung-overload related chronic adversities seem to be better described by the particle volume metric. This analysis supports the concept that ‘self-validating’, hypothesis-based computational study design delivers the highest level of unifying information required for the risk characterization of PSP. In demonstrating that the PSP under consideration is truly following the generic PSP-paradigm, this higher level of mechanistic information reduces the potential uncertainty involved with OEL derivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Pauluhn
- Global Drug Discovery, Bayer HealthCare, Bayer Pharma AG, Toxicology, Wuppertal, D-42096, Germany. .,Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Scully RR, Lam CW, James JT. Estimating safe human exposure levels for lunar dust using benchmark dose modeling of data from inhalation studies in rats. Inhal Toxicol 2014; 25:785-93. [PMID: 24304305 DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2013.849315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The pulmonary toxicity of airborne lunar dust was assessed in rats exposed by nose-only inhalation to 0, 2.1, 6.8, 20.8 and 60.6 mg/m3 of respirable size lunar dust. Rats were exposed for 6 h/d, 5 d/week, for 4 weeks (120 h). Biomarkers of toxicity were assessed in bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) collected at 1 d, 1 week, 4 weeks or 13 weeks post-exposure for a total of 76 endpoints. Benchmark dose (BMD) analysis was conducted on endpoints that appeared to be sensitive to dose. The number of endpoints that met criteria for modeling was 30. This number was composed of 13 endpoints that produced data suitable for parametric analysis and 17 that produced non-normal data. Mean BMD values determined from models generated from non-normal data were lower but not significantly different from the mean BMD of models derived from normally distributed data. Thus BMDs ranged from a minimum of 10.4 (using the average BMD from all 30 modeled endpoints) to a maximum of 16.6 (using the average BMD from the most restricted set of models). This range of BMDs yields safe exposure estimate (SEE) values of 0.6 and 0.9 mg/m3, respectively, when BMDs are extrapolated to humans, using a species factor of 3 and extrapolated from a 1-month exposure to an anticipated 6-month lunar surface exposure. This estimate is very similar to a no-observable-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) determined from the same studies (0.4 mg/m3) and a SEE derived from a study of rats that were intratracheally instilled with lunar dusts (0.5-1.0 mg/m3).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert R Scully
- Wyle Science, Technology & Engineering Group , Houston, TX , USA and
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Lam CW, Scully RR, Zhang Y, Renne RA, Hunter RL, McCluskey RA, Chen BT, Castranova V, Driscoll KE, Gardner DE, McClellan RO, Cooper BL, McKay DS, Marshall L, James JT. Toxicity of lunar dust assessed in inhalation-exposed rats. Inhal Toxicol 2014; 25:661-78. [PMID: 24102467 DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2013.833660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Humans will again set foot on the moon. The moon is covered by a layer of fine dust, which can pose a respiratory hazard. We investigated the pulmonary toxicity of lunar dust in rats exposed to 0, 2.1, 6.8, 20.8 and 60.6 mg/m(3) of respirable-size lunar dust for 4 weeks (6 h/day, 5 days/week); the aerosols in the nose-only exposure chambers were generated from a jet-mill ground preparation of a lunar soil collected during the Apollo 14 mission. After 4 weeks of exposure to air or lunar dust, groups of five rats were euthanized 1 day, 1 week, 4 weeks or 13 weeks after the last exposure for assessment of pulmonary toxicity. Biomarkers of toxicity assessed in bronchoalveolar fluids showed concentration-dependent changes; biomarkers that showed treatment effects were total cell and neutrophil counts, total protein concentrations and cellular enzymes (lactate dehydrogenase, glutamyl transferase and aspartate transaminase). No statistically significant differences in these biomarkers were detected between rats exposed to air and those exposed to the two low concentrations of lunar dust. Dose-dependent histopathology, including inflammation, septal thickening, fibrosis and granulomas, in the lung was observed at the two higher exposure concentrations. No lesions were detected in rats exposed to ≤6.8 mg/m(3). This 4-week exposure study in rats showed that 6.8 mg/m(3) was the highest no-observable-adverse-effect level (NOAEL). These results will be useful for assessing the health risk to humans of exposure to lunar dust, establishing human exposure limits and guiding the design of dust mitigation systems in lunar landers or habitats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiu-wing Lam
- Space Toxicology Office, NASA Johnson Space Center , Houston, TX , USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Pauluhn J. The metrics of MWCNT-induced pulmonary inflammation are dependent on the selected testing regimen. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2014; 68:343-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
32
|
Pauluhn J. Repeated inhalation exposure of rats to an anionic high molecular weight polymer aerosol: application of prediction models to better understand pulmonary effects and modes of action. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 66:243-56. [PMID: 24680314 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Opposed to the wealth of information available for kinetic lung overload-related effects of poorly-soluble, low-toxicity particles (PSP), only limited information is available on biodegradable high molecular weight (HMW) organic polymers (molecular weight >20,000 Da). It is hypothesized that such types of polymers may exert a somewhat similar volume displacement-related mode of action in alveolar macrophages as PSP; however, with a differing biokinetics of the material retained in the lung. This polyurethane polymer was examined in single and 2-/13-week repeated exposure rat inhalation bioassays. The design of studies was adapted to that commonly applied for PSP. Rats were nose-only exposed for 6h/day for the respective study duration, followed by 1-, 2- and 4-week postexposure periods in the single, 2- and 13-week studies, respectively. While the findings in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and histopathology were consistent with those typical of PSP, they appear to be superimposed by pulmonary phospholipidosis and a much faster reversibility of pulmonary inflammation. Kinetic modeling designed to estimate the accumulated lung burden of biopersistent PSP was also suitable to simulate the overload-dependent outcomes of this biodegradable polymer as long as the faster than normal elimination kinetics was observed and an additional 'void space volume' was added to adjust for the phagocytosed additional fraction of pulmonary phospholipids. The changes observed following repeated inhalation exposure appear to be consistent with a retention-related etiopathology (kinetic overload). In summary, this study did not reveal evidence of any polymer-specific pulmonary irritation or parenchymal injury. Taking all findings into account, 7 mg polymer/m(3) (exposure 6h/day, 5-days/week on 13 consecutive weeks) constitutes the point of departure for lower respiratory tract findings that represent a transitional state from effects attributable to an overload-dependent pulmonary inflammation and phospholipidosis. In regard to extrapulmonary toxicity, no effects were found up to the maximum concentration of 107 mg/m(3) examined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Pauluhn
- Institute of Toxicology, Bayer Pharma, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Tada Y, Yano N, Takahashi H, Yuzawa K, Ando H, Kubo Y, Nagasawa A, Inomata A, Ogata A, Nakae D. Long-term Pulmonary Responses to Quadweekly Intermittent Intratracheal Spray Instillations of Magnetite (Fe3O4) Nanoparticles for 52 Weeks in Fischer 344 Rats. J Toxicol Pathol 2013; 26:393-403. [PMID: 24526812 PMCID: PMC3921922 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2013-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Information about potential risks of iron nanomaterials is still limited, while a wide variety of applications are expected. We recently reported acute phase responses of male and female Fischer 344 rats after a single intratracheal spray instillation of Fe3O4 nanoparticles (magnetite), clearly showing dose-dependent pulmonary inflammatory changes (Tada et al., J Toxicol Pathol 25, 233–239, 2012). The present study assessed long-term responses of male and female Fischer 344 rats to multiple administrations of magnetite. Ten-week-old male and female Fischer 344 rats (n=20/group) were exposed to a total of 13 quadweekly intermittent intratracheal spray instillations of magnetite during the experimental period of 52 weeks, at doses of 0, 0.2 (low), 1.0 (medium) and 5.0 (high-dose) mg/kg body weight per administration. Absolute and relative lung weights of the high-dose group were significantly higher than those of the control group. Macroscopically, slight enlargement and scattered black patches were recognized in the lungs and the lung-associated lymph nodes of the high-dose group. Histopathologically, infiltration of macrophages phagocytosing magnetite (all dose groups) and of chronic inflammatory cells (medium- and high-dose males and high-dose females), alveolar bronchiolization and granuloma (high-dose group) were observed. In addition, alveolar hyperplasias were observed in some rats of the high-dose group, and cytoplasmic overexpression of β-catenin protein was immunohistochemically found in such lesions. The present results clearly show that instilled magnetite causes chronic inflammatory responses in the lung. These responses occur in a dose-dependent manner without apparent differences among sexes
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukie Tada
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan
| | - Norio Yano
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takahashi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Yuzawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ando
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Kubo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan
| | - Akemichi Nagasawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan
| | - Akiko Inomata
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan
| | - Akio Ogata
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan
| | - Dai Nakae
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan ; Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakura-ga-Oka, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Tewes F, Ehrhardt C, Healy AM. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs)-loaded Trojan microparticles for targeted aerosol delivery to the lung. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2013; 86:98-104. [PMID: 24055690 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Targeted aerosol delivery to specific regions of the lung may improve therapeutic efficiency and minimise unwanted side effects. Targeted delivery could potentially be achieved with porous microparticles loaded with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs)-in combination with a target-directed magnetic gradient field. The aim of this study was to formulate and evaluate the aerodynamic properties of SPIONs-loaded Trojan microparticles after delivery from a dry powder inhaler. Microparticles made of SPIONs, PEG and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) were formulated by spray drying and characterised by various physicochemical methods. Aerodynamic properties were evaluated using a next generation cascade impactor (NGI), with or without a magnet positioned at stage 2. Mixing appropriate proportions of SPIONs, PEG and HPβCD allowed Trojan microparticle to be formulated. These particles had a median geometric diameter of 2.8±0.3μm and were shown to be sensitive to the magnetic field induced by a magnet having a maximum energy product of 413.8kJ/m(3). However, these particles, characterised by a mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of 10.2±2.0μm, were considered to be not inhalable. The poor aerodynamic properties resulted from aggregation of the particles. The addition of (NH4)2CO3 and magnesium stearate (MgST) to the formulation improved the aerodynamic properties of the Trojan particles and resulted in a MMAD of 2.2±0.8μm. In the presence of a magnetic field on stage 2 of the NGI, the amount of particles deposited at this stage increased 4-fold from 4.8±0.7% to 19.5±3.3%. These Trojan particles appeared highly sensitive to the magnetic field and their deposition on most of the stages of the NGI was changed in the presence compared to the absence of the magnet. If loaded with a pharmaceutical active ingredient, these particles may be useful for treating localised lung disease such as cancer nodules or bacterial infectious foci.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Tewes
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Panoz Institute, Dublin, Ireland; INSERM U-1070, Pôle Biologie-Santé, Faculté de Médecine & Pharmacie, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers Cedex, France
| | - Carsten Ehrhardt
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Panoz Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anne Marie Healy
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Panoz Institute, Dublin, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Tada Y, Yano N, Takahashi H, Yuzawa K, Ando H, Kubo Y, Nagasawa A, Ogata A, Nakae D. Acute phase pulmonary responses to a single intratracheal spray instillation of magnetite (fe(3)o(4)) nanoparticles in Fischer 344 rats. J Toxicol Pathol 2012; 25:233-9. [PMID: 23345925 PMCID: PMC3517918 DOI: 10.1293/tox.25.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron nanomaterials are of considerable interest for application to nanotechnology-related fields including environmental catalysis, biomedical imaging, drug delivery and hyperthermia, because of their superparamagnetic characteristics and high catalytic abilities. However, information about potential risks of iron nanomaterials is limited. The present study assessed pulmonary responses to a single intratracheal spray instillation of triiron tetraoxide nanoparticles (magnetite) in rats. Ten-week-old male and female Fischer 344 rats (n=5/group) were exposed to a single intratracheal spray instillation of 0 (vehicle), 5.0, 15.0 or 45.0 mg/kg body weight (BW) of magnetite. After 14 days, the rats were sacrificed, and biological consequences were investigated. The lung weights of the 15.0 and 45.0 mg/kg BW male and female groups were significantly higher than those of the control groups. The lungs of treated rats showed enlargement and black patches originating from the color of magnetite. The typical histopathological changes in the lungs of the treated rats included infiltration of macrophages phagocytosing magnetite, inflammatory cell infiltration, granuloma formation and an increase of goblet cells in the bronchial epithelium. The results clearly show that instilled magnetite causes foreign body inflammatory and granulating lesions in the lung. These pulmonary responses occur in a dose-dependent manner in association with the increase in lung weight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukie Tada
- Departments of Environmental Health and Toxicology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Nakane H. Translocation of particles deposited in the respiratory system: a systematic review and statistical analysis. Environ Health Prev Med 2012; 17:263-74. [PMID: 22101916 PMCID: PMC3390561 DOI: 10.1007/s12199-011-0252-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Many epidemiological studies have demonstrated that ambient particulate matter poses consistent risks for respiratory and cardiovascular disorders. The translocation of inhaled particles is one hypothesis that could explain such systemic effects. The objectives of this study were to conduct a systematic review of previous reports on particle translocation from the respiratory system and to discuss factors important for translocation. A PubMed search was conducted in August 2011 for the period from 1967 with four main keyword domains (particle, translocation, detection site, and exposure route). The systematic review identified 61 original articles written in English that met the specified criteria (i.e., information on experiment and particle detection). Categorical regression analysis was performed with the site of particle detection as the objective variable, and particle size, particle material, animal species, and exposure route as the explanatory variables. All explanatory variables showed statistically significant effects. The effects for particle size and particle material were large, while the effects for animal species and exposure route were relatively small. There was a broad relationship between particle size and detection site: ≤50 nm for brain and remote organs; ≤1 μm for blood; and ≤10 μm for lung tissues. However, these results should be considered within the context of several limitations, such as deficiency of information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Nakane
- Atmospheric Environment Laboratory, Toyota Central R&D Labs., Inc, 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|