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Carneiro P, Ferreira M, Marisa Costa V, Carvalho F, Capela JP. Protective effects of amphetamine and methylphenidate against dopaminergic neurotoxicants in SH-SY5Y cells. Curr Res Toxicol 2024; 6:100165. [PMID: 38562456 PMCID: PMC10982568 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2024.100165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Full treatment of the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, Parkinson's disease (PD), is still considered an unmet need. As the psychostimulants, amphetamine (AMPH) and methylphenidate (MPH), were shown to be neuroprotective against stroke and other neuronal injury diseases, this study aimed to evaluate their neuroprotective potential against two dopaminergic neurotoxicants, 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and paraquat (PQ), in differentiated human dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells. Neither cytotoxicity nor mitochondrial membrane potential changes were seen following a 24-hour exposure to either therapeutic concentration of AMPH or MPH (0.001-10 μM). On the other hand, a 24-hour exposure to 6-OHDA (31.25-500 μM) or PQ (100-5000 μM) induced concentration-dependent mitochondrial dysfunction, assessed by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and lysosomal damage, evaluated by the neutral red uptake assay. The lethal concentrations 25 and 50 retrieved from the concentration-toxicity curves in the MTT assay were 99.9 µM and 133.6 µM for 6-OHDA, or 422 µM and 585.8 µM for PQ. Both toxicants caused mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization, but only 6-OHDA increased reactive oxygen species (ROS). Most importantly, PQ-induced toxicity was partially prevented by 1 μM of AMPH or MPH. Nonetheless, neither AMPH nor MPH could prevent 6-OHDA toxicity in this experimental model. According to these findings, AMPH and MPH may provide some neuroprotection against PQ-induced neurotoxicity, but further investigation is required to determine the exact mechanism underlying this protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Carneiro
- Associate Laboratory i4HB – Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO – Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050‐313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Ferreira
- Associate Laboratory i4HB – Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO – Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050‐313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Vera Marisa Costa
- Associate Laboratory i4HB – Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO – Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050‐313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Félix Carvalho
- Associate Laboratory i4HB – Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO – Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050‐313 Porto, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Capela
- Associate Laboratory i4HB – Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO – Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050‐313 Porto, Portugal
- FP3ID, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Rua Carlos da Maia 296, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
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Liu Y, Zhao ZH, Wang T, Yao JY, Wei WQ, Su LH, Tan SS, Liu ZX, Song H, Chen JY, Zheng W, Luo WJ, Zheng G. Lead exposure disturbs ATP7B-mediated copper export from brain barrier cells by inhibiting XIAP-regulated COMMD1 protein degradation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 256:114861. [PMID: 37027943 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The brain barrier is an important structure for metal ion homeostasis. According to studies, lead (Pb) exposure disrupts the transportation of copper (Cu) through the brain barrier, which may cause impairment of the nervous system; however, the specific mechanism is unknown. The previous studies suggested the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) is a sensor for cellular Cu level which mediate the degradation of the MURR1 domain-containing 1 (COMMD1) protein. XIAP/COMMD1 axis was thought to be an important regulator in Cu metabolism maintenance. In this study, the role of XIAP-regulated COMMD1 protein degradation in Pb-induced Cu disorders in brain barrier cells was investigated. Pb exposure significantly increased Cu levels in both cell types, according to atomic absorption technology testing. Western blotting and reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) showed that COMMD1 protein levels were significantly increased, whereas XIAP, ATP7A, and ATP7B protein levels were significantly decreased. However, there were no significant effects at the messenger RNA (mRNA) level (XIAP, ATP7A, and ATP7B). Pb-induced Cu accumulation and ATP7B expression were reduced when COMMD1 was knocked down by transient small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection. In addition, transient plasmid transfection of XIAP before Pb exposure reduced Pb-induced Cu accumulation, increased COMMD1 protein levels, and decreased ATP7B levels. In conclusion, Pb exposure can reduce XIAP protein expression, increase COMMD1 protein levels, and specifically decrease ATP7B protein levels, resulting in Cu accumulation in brain barrier cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and the Ministry-of-Education's Key Laboratory of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China; Department of Neurology, Nanjing Meishan Hospital, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Zai-Hua Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and the Ministry-of-Education's Key Laboratory of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and the Ministry-of-Education's Key Laboratory of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jin-Yu Yao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and the Ministry-of-Education's Key Laboratory of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Wen-Qing Wei
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and the Ministry-of-Education's Key Laboratory of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Li-Hong Su
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and the Ministry-of-Education's Key Laboratory of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Shuang-Shuang Tan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and the Ministry-of-Education's Key Laboratory of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Zi-Xuan Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and the Ministry-of-Education's Key Laboratory of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Han Song
- Department of Health Service, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jing-Yuan Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and the Ministry-of-Education's Key Laboratory of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Wen-Jing Luo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and the Ministry-of-Education's Key Laboratory of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Gang Zheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and the Ministry-of-Education's Key Laboratory of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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3
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Wang X, Wang X, Zhu Y, Chen X. ADME/T-based strategies for paraquat detoxification: Transporters and enzymes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 291:118137. [PMID: 34536650 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) is a toxic, organic herbicide for which there is no specific antidote. Although banned in some countries, it is still used as an irreplaceable weed killer in others. The lack of understanding of the precise mechanism of its toxicity has hindered the development of treatments for PQ exposure. While toxicity is thought to be related to PQ-induced oxidative stress, antioxidants are limited in their ability to ameliorate the untoward biological responses to this agent. Summarized in this review are data on the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADME/T) of PQ, focusing on the essential roles of individual transporters and enzymes in these processes. Based on these findings, strategies are proposed to design and test specific and effective antidotes for the clinical management of PQ poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Xumei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Yanyan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Xiuping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.
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Hu Y, Qian C, Sun H, Li Q, Wang J, Hua H, Dai Z, Li J, Li T, Ding Y, Yang X, Zhang W. Differences in epithelial-mesenchymal-transition in paraquat-induced pulmonary fibrosis in BALB/C and BALB/C (nu/nu) nude mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 143:112153. [PMID: 34507117 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to the toxic herbicide paraquat (PQ) can lead to the active absorption and enrichment of alveolar epithelial cells, resulting in pulmonary fibrosis and respiratory failure. At present, no effective clinical treatment is available. Notably, however, patients infected with human acquired immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (with T lymphocyte deficiency) do not show pulmonary fibrosis after PQ poisoning, suggesting that T lymphocytes may be involved in the occurrence and pathological development of lung fibers following PQ exposure, although relevant studies remain limited. Here, we found that the degree of pulmonary fibrosis induced by intragastric administration of PQ in congenital immunodeficiency BALB/C (nu/nu) nude (T lymphocyte loss) mice was lower than that in normal mice. However, pulmonary fibrosis was aggravated after transplantation of BALB/C (nu/nu) T lymphocytes into congenital immunodeficiency mice. This study is the first to report on the involvement of T lymphocytes in the occurrence and pathological development of lung fibers induced by PQ exposure. Thus, T cells may be an important cellular target for the clinical treatment of pulmonary fibrosis caused by PQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yegang Hu
- Emergency Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 295 Xichang Road, 650032 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Chuanyun Qian
- Emergency Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 295 Xichang Road, 650032 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Huiling Sun
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, 650500 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Qiankui Li
- School of Food and Drug, Shandong Institute of Commerce and Technology, 250014 Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jinde Wang
- Kunming Medical University, 650500 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Hairong Hua
- Kunming Medical University, 650500 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zichao Dai
- Kunming Medical University, 650500 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jintao Li
- Kunming Medical University, 650500 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, 250014 Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Pathophysiology, Weifang Medical University, 261000 Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Xinwang Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, 650500 Kunming, Yunnan, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Emergency Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 295 Xichang Road, 650032 Kunming, Yunnan, China.
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5
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NRF2 and paraquat-induced fatal redox stress. Toxicology 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819092-0.00010-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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6
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Chaves C, Campanelli F, Chapy H, Gomez-Zepeda D, Glacial F, Smirnova M, Taghi M, Pallud J, Perrière N, Declèves X, Menet MC, Cisternino S. An Interspecies Molecular and Functional Study of Organic Cation Transporters at the Blood-Brain Barrier: From Rodents to Humans. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12040308. [PMID: 32231079 PMCID: PMC7238036 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12040308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Organic cation transporters (OCTs) participate in the handling of compounds in kidneys and at the synaptic cleft. Their role at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in brain drug delivery is still unclear. The presence of OCT1,2,3 (SLC22A1-3) in mouse, rat and human isolated brain microvessels was investigated by either qRT-PCR, quantitative proteomics and/or functional studies. BBB transport of the prototypical substrate [3H]-1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ([3H]-MPP+) was measured by in situ brain perfusion in six mouse strains and in Sprague Dawley rats, in primary human brain microvascular endothelial cells seeded on inserts, in the presence or absence of OCTs and a MATE1 (SLC49A1) inhibitor. The results show negligible OCT1 (SLC22A1) and OCT2 (SLC22A2) expression in either mice, rat or human brain microvessels, while OCT3 expression was identified in rat microvessels by qRT-PCR. The in vitro human cellular uptake of [3H]-MPP+ was not modified by OCTs/MATE-inhibitor. Brain transport of [3H]-MPP+ remains unchanged between 2- and 6-month old mice, and no alteration was observed in mice and rats with inhibitors. In conclusion, the evidenced lack of expression and/or functional OCTs and MATE at the BBB allows the maintenance of the brain homeostasis and function as it prevents an easy access of their neurotoxicant substrates to the brain parenchyma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Chaves
- Inserm, U1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, 75006 Paris, France; (C.C.); (F.C.); (H.C.); (M.S.); (M.T.); (X.D.); (M.-C.M.)
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université de Paris, UMR-S 1144, 4, Avenue de l’Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Federica Campanelli
- Inserm, U1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, 75006 Paris, France; (C.C.); (F.C.); (H.C.); (M.S.); (M.T.); (X.D.); (M.-C.M.)
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université de Paris, UMR-S 1144, 4, Avenue de l’Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Hélène Chapy
- Inserm, U1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, 75006 Paris, France; (C.C.); (F.C.); (H.C.); (M.S.); (M.T.); (X.D.); (M.-C.M.)
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université de Paris, UMR-S 1144, 4, Avenue de l’Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
| | - David Gomez-Zepeda
- Inserm, U1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, 75006 Paris, France; (C.C.); (F.C.); (H.C.); (M.S.); (M.T.); (X.D.); (M.-C.M.)
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université de Paris, UMR-S 1144, 4, Avenue de l’Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Fabienne Glacial
- BrainPlotting SAS, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, 75013 Paris, France; (F.G.); (N.P.)
| | - Maria Smirnova
- Inserm, U1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, 75006 Paris, France; (C.C.); (F.C.); (H.C.); (M.S.); (M.T.); (X.D.); (M.-C.M.)
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université de Paris, UMR-S 1144, 4, Avenue de l’Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Meryam Taghi
- Inserm, U1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, 75006 Paris, France; (C.C.); (F.C.); (H.C.); (M.S.); (M.T.); (X.D.); (M.-C.M.)
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université de Paris, UMR-S 1144, 4, Avenue de l’Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Johan Pallud
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte Anne Hospital, 75014 Paris, France;
- Inserm, U894, IMA-Brain, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Perrière
- BrainPlotting SAS, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, 75013 Paris, France; (F.G.); (N.P.)
| | - Xavier Declèves
- Inserm, U1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, 75006 Paris, France; (C.C.); (F.C.); (H.C.); (M.S.); (M.T.); (X.D.); (M.-C.M.)
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université de Paris, UMR-S 1144, 4, Avenue de l’Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, AP-HP, Hôpital Universitaire Cochin, Biologie du médicament et toxicologie, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Marie-Claude Menet
- Inserm, U1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, 75006 Paris, France; (C.C.); (F.C.); (H.C.); (M.S.); (M.T.); (X.D.); (M.-C.M.)
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université de Paris, UMR-S 1144, 4, Avenue de l’Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, AP-HP, Hôpital Universitaire Cochin, Hormonologie adulte, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Salvatore Cisternino
- Inserm, U1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, 75006 Paris, France; (C.C.); (F.C.); (H.C.); (M.S.); (M.T.); (X.D.); (M.-C.M.)
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université de Paris, UMR-S 1144, 4, Avenue de l’Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, AP-HP, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Service de pharmacie, 75015 Paris, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-1-444-951-91
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Bai J, Zhao S, Fan X, Chen Y, Zou X, Hu M, Wang B, Jin J, Wang X, Hu J, Zhang D, Li Y. Inhibitory effects of flavonoids on P-glycoprotein in vitro and in vivo: Food/herb-drug interactions and structure–activity relationships. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 369:49-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Revisiting the Paraquat-Induced Sporadic Parkinson's Disease-Like Model. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:1044-1055. [PMID: 29862459 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1148-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a major neurodegenerative disorder that affects 1-2% of the total global population. Despite its high prevalence and publication of several studies focused on understanding its pathology, an effective treatment that stops and/or reverses the damage to dopaminergic neurons is unavailable. Similar to other neurodegenerative disorders, PD etiology may be linked to several factors, including genetic susceptibility and environmental elements. Regarding environmental factors, several neurotoxic pollutants, including 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), have been identified. Moreover, some pesticides/herbicides, such as rotenone, paraquat (PQ), maneb (MB), and mancozeb (MZ), cause neurotoxicity and induce a PD-like pathology. Based on these findings, several in vitro and in vivo PD-like models have been developed to understand the pathophysiology of PD and evaluate different therapeutic strategies to fight dopaminergic neurodegeneration. 6-OHDA and MPTP are common models used in PD research, and pesticide-based approaches have become secondary models of study. However, some herbicides, such as PQ, are commonly used by farming laborers in developing countries. Thus, the present review summarizes the relevant scientific background regarding the use and effects of chronic exposure to PQ in the context of PD. Similarly, we discuss the relevance of PD-like models developed using this agrochemical compound.
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Chinta SJ, Woods G, Demaria M, Rane A, Zou Y, McQuade A, Rajagopalan S, Limbad C, Madden DT, Campisi J, Andersen JK. Cellular Senescence Is Induced by the Environmental Neurotoxin Paraquat and Contributes to Neuropathology Linked to Parkinson's Disease. Cell Rep 2018; 22:930-940. [PMID: 29386135 PMCID: PMC5806534 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.12.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to the herbicide paraquat (PQ) is associated with an increased risk of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). Therapies based on PQ's presumed mechanisms of action have not, however, yielded effective disease therapies. Cellular senescence is an anticancer mechanism that arrests proliferation of replication-competent cells and results in a pro-inflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) capable of damaging neighboring tissues. Here, we demonstrate that senescent cell markers are preferentially present within astrocytes in PD brain tissues. Additionally, PQ was found to induce astrocytic senescence and an SASP in vitro and in vivo, and senescent cell depletion in the latter protects against PQ-induced neuropathology. Our data suggest that exposure to certain environmental toxins promotes accumulation of senescent cells in the aging brain, which can contribute to dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Therapies that target senescent cells may constitute a strategy for treatment of sporadic PD, for which environmental exposure is a major risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankar J Chinta
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd., Novato, CA 94945, USA; Touro University California, College of Pharmacy, 1310 Club Dr., Vallejo, CA 94592, USA
| | - Georgia Woods
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd., Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Marco Demaria
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd., Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Anand Rane
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd., Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Ying Zou
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd., Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Amanda McQuade
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd., Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | | | - Chandani Limbad
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd., Novato, CA 94945, USA; Comparative Biochemistry Graduate Program, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - David T Madden
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd., Novato, CA 94945, USA; Touro University California, College of Pharmacy, 1310 Club Dr., Vallejo, CA 94592, USA
| | - Judith Campisi
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd., Novato, CA 94945, USA; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Julie K Andersen
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd., Novato, CA 94945, USA.
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10
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Li F, Tian X, Zhan X, Wang B, Ding M, Pang H. Clathrin-Dependent Uptake of Paraquat into SH-SY5Y Cells and Its Internalization into Different Subcellular Compartments. Neurotox Res 2017; 32:204-217. [PMID: 28303546 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-017-9722-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The herbicide paraquat (PQ) is an exogenous toxin that allows the selective activation of dopaminergic neurons in the mesencephalon to induce injury and also causes its apoptosis in vitro. However, uptake mechanisms between PQ and neurons remain elusive. To address this issue, we undertook a study of PQ endocytosis in a dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cell line as well as explored the subsequent subcellular location and potential functional analysis of PQ. The PQ was found to bind the SH-SY5Y cell membrane and then became internalized via a clathrin-dependent pathway. PQ was internalized by many subcellular organelles in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, the taken up PQ and secretogranin III (SCG3), which became dysregulated with PQ treatment that induced SH-SY5Y apoptosis in our previous study, colocalized in cytoplasmic vesicles. Taken together, our findings indicate that PQ is endocytosed by SH-SY5Y cells and that its multiple, subcellular localizations indicate PQ may potentially be involved in subcellular-level functions. More importantly, PQ distributing preferentially into SCG3-positive vesicles demonstrates its selective targeting which may affect SCG3 and cargoes carried by SCG3-positive vesicles. Therefore, it is reasonable to infer that PQ toxic insults may potentially interfere with neurotransmitter storage and transport associated with secretory granules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengrui Li
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China.,Department of Forensic Medicine, Baotou Medical University, Baotou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Tian
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China.,Department of Forensic Medicine, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoni Zhan
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Baojie Wang
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Ding
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Pang
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Eiras F, Amaral M, Silva R, Martins E, Lobo JS, Silva A. Characterization and biocompatibility evaluation of cutaneous formulations containing lipid nanoparticles. Int J Pharm 2017; 519:373-380. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Silva R, Carmo H, Vilas-Boas V, Barbosa DJ, Monteiro M, de Pinho PG, de Lourdes Bastos M, Remião F. Several transport systems contribute to the intestinal uptake of Paraquat, modulating its cytotoxic effects. Toxicol Lett 2015; 232:271-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Silva R, Vilas-Boas V, Carmo H, Dinis-Oliveira RJ, Carvalho F, de Lourdes Bastos M, Remião F. Modulation of P-glycoprotein efflux pump: induction and activation as a therapeutic strategy. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 149:1-123. [PMID: 25435018 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is an ATP-dependent efflux pump encoded by the MDR1 gene in humans, known to mediate multidrug resistance of neoplastic cells to cancer therapy. For several decades, P-gp inhibition has drawn many significant research efforts in an attempt to overcome this phenomenon. However, P-gp is also constitutively expressed in normal human epithelial tissues and, due to its broad substrate specificity, to its cellular polarized expression in many excretory and barrier tissues, and to its great efflux capacity, it can play a crucial role in limiting the absorption and distribution of harmful xenobiotics, by decreasing their intracellular accumulation. Such a defense mechanism can be of particular relevance at the intestinal level, by significantly reducing the intestinal absorption of the xenobiotic and, consequently, avoiding its access to the target organs. In this review, the current knowledge on this important efflux pump is summarized, and a new focus is brought on the therapeutic interest of inducing and/or activating P-gp for limiting the toxicity caused by its substrates. Several in vivo and in vitro studies validating the use of such a therapeutic strategy are discussed. An extensive literature search for reported P-gp inducers/activators and for the experimental models used in their characterization was conducted. Those studies demonstrate that effective antidotal pathways can be achieved by efficiently promoting the P-gp-mediated efflux of deleterious xenobiotics, resulting in a significant reduction in their intracellular levels and, consequently, in a significant reduction of their toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Silva
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Vânia Vilas-Boas
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Helena Carmo
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ricardo Jorge Dinis-Oliveira
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; INFACTS - Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, Department of Sciences, Advanced Institute of Health Sciences - North (ISCS-N), CESPU, CRL, Gandra, Portugal; Department of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Félix Carvalho
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Maria de Lourdes Bastos
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Fernando Remião
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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14
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Silva R, Palmeira A, Carmo H, Barbosa DJ, Gameiro M, Gomes A, Paiva AM, Sousa E, Pinto M, Bastos MDL, Remião F. P-glycoprotein induction in Caco-2 cells by newly synthetized thioxanthones prevents paraquat cytotoxicity. Arch Toxicol 2014; 89:1783-800. [PMID: 25234084 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1333-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The induction of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), an ATP-dependent efflux pump, has been proposed as a strategy against the toxicity induced by P-gp substrates such as the herbicide paraquat (PQ). The aim of this study was to screen five newly synthetized thioxanthonic derivatives, a group known to interact with P-gp, as potential inducers of the pump's expression and/or activity and to evaluate whether they would afford protection against PQ-induced toxicity in Caco-2 cells. All five thioxanthones (20 µM) caused a significant increase in both P-gp expression and activity as evaluated by flow cytometry using the UIC2 antibody and rhodamine 123, respectively. Additionally, it was demonstrated that the tested compounds, when present only during the efflux of rhodamine 123, rapidly induced an activation of P-gp. The tested compounds also increased P-gp ATPase activity in MDR1-Sf9 membrane vesicles, indicating that all derivatives acted as P-gp substrates. PQ cytotoxicity was significantly reduced in the presence of four thioxanthone derivatives, and this protective effect was reversed upon incubation with a specific P-gp inhibitor. In silico studies showed that all the tested thioxanthones fitted onto a previously described three-feature P-gp induction pharmacophore. Moreover, in silico interactions between thioxanthones and P-gp in the presence of PQ suggested that a co-transport mechanism may be operating. Based on the in vitro activation results, a pharmacophore model for P-gp activation was built, which will be of further use in the screening for new P-gp activators. In conclusion, the study demonstrated the potential of the tested thioxanthonic compounds in protecting against toxic effects induced by P-gp substrates through P-gp induction and activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Silva
- REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Andreia Palmeira
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Centro de Química Medicinal (CEQUIMED-UP), Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Helena Carmo
- REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Daniel José Barbosa
- REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Mariline Gameiro
- REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ana Gomes
- REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ana Mafalda Paiva
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Centro de Química Medicinal (CEQUIMED-UP), Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Emília Sousa
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Centro de Química Medicinal (CEQUIMED-UP), Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Madalena Pinto
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Centro de Química Medicinal (CEQUIMED-UP), Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Maria de Lourdes Bastos
- REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Fernando Remião
- REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
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15
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Silva R, Sousa E, Carmo H, Palmeira A, Barbosa DJ, Gameiro M, Pinto M, de Lourdes Bastos M, Remião F. Induction and activation of P-glycoprotein by dihydroxylated xanthones protect against the cytotoxicity of the P-glycoprotein substrate paraquat. Arch Toxicol 2014; 88:937-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1193-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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16
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Vilas-Boas V, Silva R, Palmeira A, Sousa E, Ferreira LM, Branco PS, Carvalho F, Bastos MDL, Remião F. Development of novel rifampicin-derived P-glycoprotein activators/inducers. synthesis, in silico analysis and application in the RBE4 cell model, using paraquat as substrate. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74425. [PMID: 23991219 PMCID: PMC3753303 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is a 170 kDa transmembrane protein involved in the outward transport of many structurally unrelated substrates. P-gp activation/induction may function as an antidotal pathway to prevent the cytotoxicity of these substrates. In the present study we aimed at testing rifampicin (Rif) and three newly synthesized Rif derivatives (a mono-methoxylated derivative, MeORif, a peracetylated derivative, PerAcRif, and a reduced derivative, RedRif) to establish their ability to modulate P-gp expression and activity in a cellular model of the rat’s blood–brain barrier, the RBE4 cell line P-gp expression was assessed by western blot using C219 anti-P-gp antibody. P-gp function was evaluated by flow cytometry measuring the accumulation of rhodamine123. Whenever P-gp activation/induction ability was detected in a tested compound, its antidotal effect was further tested using paraquat as cytotoxicity model. Interactions between Rif or its derivatives and P-gp were also investigated by computational analysis. Rif led to a significant increase in P-gp expression at 72 h and RedRif significantly increased both P-gp expression and activity. No significant differences were observed for the other derivatives. Pre- or simultaneous treatment with RedRif protected cells against paraquat-induced cytotoxicity, an effect reverted by GF120918, a P-gp inhibitor, corroborating the observed P-gp activation ability. Interaction of RedRif with P-gp drug-binding pocket was consistent with an activation mechanism of action, which was confirmed with docking studies. Therefore, RedRif protection against paraquat-induced cytotoxicity in RBE4 cells, through P-gp activation/induction, suggests that it may be useful as an antidote for cytotoxic substrates of P-gp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vânia Vilas-Boas
- REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- * E-mail: (VVB); (FR)
| | - Renata Silva
- REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Palmeira
- Departamento de Química, Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Química Medicinal (CEQUIMED-UP), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Emília Sousa
- Departamento de Química, Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Química Medicinal (CEQUIMED-UP), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luísa Maria Ferreira
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, FCT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Paula Sério Branco
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, FCT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Félix Carvalho
- REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria de Lourdes Bastos
- REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Remião
- REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- * E-mail: (VVB); (FR)
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