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Evariste L, Lamas B, Ellero-Simatos S, Khoury L, Cartier C, Gaultier E, Chassaing B, Feltin N, Devoille L, Favre G, Audebert M, Houdeau E. A 90-day oral exposure to food-grade gold at relevant human doses impacts the gut microbiota and the local immune system in a sex-dependent manner in mice. Part Fibre Toxicol 2023; 20:27. [PMID: 37443115 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-023-00539-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Edible gold (Au) is commonly used as a food additive (E175 in EU) for confectionery and cake decorations, coatings and in beverages. Food-grade gold is most often composed of thin Au sheets or flakes exhibiting micro- and nanometric dimensions in their thickness. Concerns about the impact of mineral particles used as food additives on human health are increasing with respect to the particular physico-chemical properties of nanosized particles, which enable them to cross biological barriers and interact with various body cell compartments. In this study, male and female mice were exposed daily to E175 or an Au nanomaterial (Ref-Au) incorporated into food at relevant human dose for 90 days in order to determine the potential toxicity of edible gold. RESULTS E175 or Ref-Au exposure in mice did not induce any histomorphological damage of the liver, spleen or intestine, nor any genotoxic effects in the colon and liver despite an apparent higher intestinal absorption level of Au particles in mice exposed to Ref-Au compared to the E175 food additive. No changes in the intestinal microbiota were reported after treatment with Ref-Au, regardless of sex. In contrast, after E175 exposure, an increase in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and in the abundance of Proteobacteria were observed in females, while a decrease in the production of short-chain fatty acids occurred in both sexes. Moreover, increased production of IL-6, TNFα and IL-1β was observed in the colon of female mice at the end of the 90-day exposure to E175, whereas, decreased IL-6, IL-1β, IL-17 and TGFβ levels were found in the male colon. CONCLUSIONS These results revealed that a 90-day exposure to E175 added to the diet alters the gut microbiota and intestinal immune response in a sex-dependent manner in mice. Within the dose range of human exposure to E175, these alterations remained low in both sexes and mostly appeared to be nontoxic. However, at the higher dose, the observed gut dysbiosis and the intestinal low-grade inflammation in female mice could favour the occurrence of metabolic disorders supporting the establishment of toxic reference values for the safe use of gold as food additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauris Evariste
- Toxalim UMR1331 (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Bruno Lamas
- Toxalim UMR1331 (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Sandrine Ellero-Simatos
- Toxalim UMR1331 (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Christel Cartier
- Toxalim UMR1331 (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Eric Gaultier
- Toxalim UMR1331 (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Benoit Chassaing
- INSERM U1016, Team "Mucosal Microbiota in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases", CNRS UMR 8104, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Marc Audebert
- Toxalim UMR1331 (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
- PrediTox, Toulouse, France
| | - Eric Houdeau
- Toxalim UMR1331 (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France.
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Impact of Nanoparticles on Male Fertility: What Do We Really Know? A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010576. [PMID: 36614018 PMCID: PMC9820737 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The real impact of nanoparticles on male fertility is evaluated after a careful analysis of the available literature. The first part reviews animal models to understand the testicular biodistribution and biopersistence of nanoparticles, while the second part evaluates their in vitro and in vivo biotoxicity. Our main findings suggest that nanoparticles are generally able to reach the testicle in small quantities where they persist for several months, regardless of the route of exposure. However, there is not enough evidence that they can cross the blood-testis barrier. Of note, the majority of nanoparticles have low direct toxicity to the testis, but there are indications that some might act as endocrine disruptors. Overall, the impact on spermatogenesis in adults is generally weak and reversible, but exceptions exist and merit increased attention. Finally, we comment on several methodological or analytical biases which have led some studies to exaggerate the reprotoxicity of nanoparticles. In the future, rigorous clinical studies in tandem with mechanistic studies are needed to elucidate the real risk posed by nanoparticles on male fertility.
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Jung A, Kim SH, Yang JY, Jeong J, Lee JK, Oh JH, Lee JH. Effect of Pulmonary Inflammation by Surface Functionalization of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9120336. [PMID: 34941770 PMCID: PMC8707001 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9120336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are used in various industries such as food additives, cosmetics, and biomedical applications. In this study, we evaluated lung damage over time by three types of ZnO NPs (L-serine, citrate, and pristine) following the regulation of functional groups after a single intratracheal instillation to rats. The three types of ZnO NPs showed an acute inflammatory reaction with increased LDH and inflammatory cell infiltration in the alveoli 24 h after administration. Especially in treatment with L-serine, citrate ZnO NPs showed higher acute granulocytic inflammation and total protein induction than the pristine ZnO NPs at 24 h. The acute inflammatory reaction of the lungs recovered on day 30 with bronchoalveolar fibrosis. The concentrations of IL-4, 6, TNF-α, and eotaxin in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) decreased over time, and the levels of these inflammation indicators are consistent with the following inflammatory cell data and acute lung inflammation by ZnO NP. This study suggests that single inhalation exposure to functionalized ZnO NPs may cause acute lung injury with granulocytic inflammation. Although it can recover 30 days after exposure, acute pulmonary inflammation in surface functionalization means that additional studies of exposure limits are needed to protect the workers that produce it.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jin Hee Lee
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-43-719-5106; Fax: +82-43-719-5100
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Gonzalez-Pastor R, Hernandez Y, Gimeno M, de Martino A, Man YS, Hallden G, Quintanilla M, de la Fuente JM, Martin-Duque P. Coating an adenovirus with functionalized gold nanoparticles favors uptake, intracellular trafficking and anti-cancer therapeutic efficacy. Acta Biomater 2021; 134:593-604. [PMID: 34325075 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adenoviral (Ad) vectors have proven to be important tools for gene and cell therapy, although some issues still need to be addressed, such as undesired interactions with blood components and off-target sequestration that ultimately hamper efficacy. In the past years, several organic and inorganic materials have been developed to reduce immunogenicity and improve biodistribution of Ad vectors. Here we investigated the influence of the functionalization of 14 nm PEGylated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with quaternary ammonium groups and an arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD)-motif on the uptake and biodistribution of Ad vectors. We report the formation of Ad@AuNPs complexes that promote cell attachment and uptake, independently of the presence of the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) and αvβ3 and αvβ5 integrins, significantly improving transduction without limiting Ad bioactivity. Besides, the presence of the RGD peptide favors tumor targeting and decreases Ad sequestration in the liver. Additionally, tumor delivery of a coated Ad vector expressing the human sodium iodide symporter (hNIS) by mesenchymal stem cells induces increased accumulation of radioactive iodine (131I) and tumor volume reduction compared to naked Ad-hNIS, highlighting the promising potential of our coating formulation in cancer gene therapy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Modification of adenoviral vectors with lipids and polymers can reduce interactions with blood components and increase tumor accumulation; however, increased toxicity and reduced transduction efficiency were indicated. Coating with gold nanoparticles has proven to be a successful strategy for increasing the efficiency of transduction of receptor-defective cell lines. Here we explore the contribution of cell surface receptors on the mechanisms of entry of Ad vectors coated with gold nanoparticles in cell lines with varying degrees of resistance to infection. The enhancement of the anti-tumoral effect shown in this work provides new evidence for the potential of our formulation.
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Souza MR, Mazaro-Costa R, Rocha TL. Can nanomaterials induce reproductive toxicity in male mammals? A historical and critical review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 769:144354. [PMID: 33736249 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The nanotechnology enabled the development of nanomaterials (NMs) with a variety of industrial, biomedical, and consumer applications. However, the mechanism of action (MoA) and toxicity of NMs remain unclear, especially in the male reproductive system. Thus, this study aimed to perform a bibliometric and systematic review of the literature on the toxic effects of different types of NMs on the male reproductive system and function in mammalian models. A series of 236 articles related to the in vitro and in vivo reproductive toxicity of NMs in mammalian models were analyzed. The data concerning the bioaccumulation, experimental conditions (types of NMs, species, cell lines, exposure period, and routes of exposure), and the MoA and toxicity of NMs were summarized and discussed. Results showed that this field of research began in 2005 and has experienced an exponential increase since 2012. Revised data confirmed that the NMs have the ability to cross the blood-testis barrier and bioaccumulate in several organs of the male reproductive system, such as testis, prostate, epididymis, and seminal vesicle. A similar MoA and toxicity were observed after in vitro and in vivo exposure to NMs. The NM reproductive toxicity was mainly related to ROS production, oxidative stress, DNA damage and apoptosis. In conclusion, the NM exposure induces bioaccumulation and toxic effects on male reproductive system of mammal models, confirming its potential risk to human and environmental health. The knowledge concerning the NM reproductive toxicity contributes to safety and sustainable use of nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maingredy Rodrigues Souza
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology of Reproduction, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiás, Brazil; Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Renata Mazaro-Costa
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology of Reproduction, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Thiago Lopes Rocha
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiás, Brazil.
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Liu Y, Li X, Xiao S, Liu X, Chen X, Xia Q, Lei S, Li H, Zhong Z, Xiao K. The Effects of Gold Nanoparticles on Leydig Cells and Male Reproductive Function in Mice. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:9499-9514. [PMID: 33281445 PMCID: PMC7709869 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s276606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have shown great promise in various biomedical applications, but their effects on male reproductive function remain to be ascertained. The aim of this study was to investigate the uptake, cytotoxicity and testosterone production inhibition of AuNPs in mouse Leydig cells, as well as their accumulation in the testes of male mice and their effects on male reproductive function. Results AuNPs (5 nm) were able to be internalized into the endosomes/lysosomes of TM3 Leydig cells, induce the formation of autophagosomes, increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and disrupt the cell cycle in S phase, resulting in concentration-dependent cytotoxicity and DNA damage. Interestingly, AuNPs significantly reduced testosterone production in TM3 cells by inhibiting the expression of 17α-hydroxylase, an important enzyme in androgen synthesis. After repeated intravenous injection, AuNPs gradually accumulated and retained in the testes of male BALB/c mice in a dose-dependent manner. One week after withdrawal, the level of plasma testosterone in the 0.5 mg/kg AuNPs group was significantly reduced compared to that in the PBS control group, accompanied by the decreased expression of 17α-hydroxylase in the testes. In addition, AuNPs treatment significantly increased the rate of epididymal sperm malformation, but without affecting fertility. Conclusion Our results suggest that AuNPs can accumulate in the testes and reduce testosterone production in Leydig cells by down-regulating the expression of 17α-hydroxylase, thus affecting the quality of epididymal sperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojie Li
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuwen Xiao
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Liu
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuanming Chen
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiyue Xia
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Lei
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxia Li
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihui Zhong
- Laboratory of Non-Human Primate Disease Model Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Xiao
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
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Khan HA, Ibrahim KE, Alrashood ST, Alamery S, Alrokayan SH, Al-Harbi N, Al-Mutary MG, Sobki SH, Khan I. Immunohistochemistry of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in spleens of mice treated with gold nanoparticles. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:1163-1168. [PMID: 32256179 PMCID: PMC7105655 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) possess considerable biocompatibility and therefore gaining more attention for their biomedical applications. Previous studies have shown the transient increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines expression in different organs of rats and mice exposed to AuNPs. Structural changes in the spleen of mice treated with AuNPs have also been reported. This investigation was aimed to study the immunostaining of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in mice treated with different sizes of AuNPs. The animals were divided into 7 groups of 4 animals in each group. One group received saline and served as control. Two sets of three groups were treated with 5 nm, 20 nm and 50 nm diameter AuNPs. One set was sacrificed on day 1 and the other on day 7 following the AuNPs injections. Spleens were dissected out and promptly fixed in formalin for 3 days and then processed for IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α immunostaining using target-specific antibodies. The immunoreactivities of IL-1β and IL-6 were increased with the increase of AuNP size. The immunostaining of IL-1β in spleen of 20 nm AuNP treated mice was subsequently decreased on day 7 whereas it persisted in 50 nm AuNP group. The increase in the immunoreactivity of IL-6 on day 1 was decreased on day 7 in the spleens of mice treated with 20 nm or 50 nm AuNPs. The immunostaining of TNF-α was found to be negative in all the treatment groups. In conclusion, the size of AuNPs plays an important role in the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in mouse spleen; small size (5 nm) AuNPs caused minimal effect, whereas larger (50 nm) AuNPs produced intense immunostaining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haseeb A. Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid E. Ibrahim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara T. Alrashood
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salman Alamery
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Biotechnology Research, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salman H. Alrokayan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najla Al-Harbi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohsen G. Al-Mutary
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Education, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samia H. Sobki
- Department of Central Military Laboratory and Blood Bank, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh 11159, Saudi Arabia
| | - Isra Khan
- Rohilkhand Medical College and Hospital, Bareilly 243006, India
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Zhang X, Guo X, Kang X, Yang H, Guo W, Guan L, Wu H, Du L. Surface Functionalization of Pegylated Gold Nanoparticles with Antioxidants Suppresses Nanoparticle-Induced Oxidative Stress and Neurotoxicity. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:1195-1205. [PMID: 32125152 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Because of their biocompatibility and biosafety, pegylated Au NPs (Au@PEG), as a nanodrug-carrier, have been widely applied in different biomedical applications, including imaging and drug delivery systems. Under such conditions, the biosafety of Au@PEG has attracted tremendous attention. However, only a small number of studies focused on the neurotoxicity of Au@PEG used as drug delivery carriers not to mention reducing the neurotoxicity of Au@PEG. To address this issue, the adverse effects of Au@PEG on human neuroblastoma SHSY5Y cells were first investigated. The results showed that 4.5 nm Au@PEG significantly induced cell apoptosis through upregulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and disordering the mitochondrial membrane potential. To further evaluate whether the neurotoxicity of Au@PEG could be improved through conjugating antioxidants on the surface of Au@PEG, Trolox (a vitamin E analogue)-functionalized Au@PEG (Au@Trolox) was synthesized. The results showed that the neurotoxicity of Au@PEG on SHSY5Y cells could be significantly improved by Au@Trolox. Next, mice were subjected to administration of 4.5 nm Au@PEG and Au@Trolox for 3 months. An increase of oxidative stress and a decrease in the activity of key antioxidant enzymes including glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) were observed after long-term injection of Au@PEG. More importantly, both the apoptosis of neurons and the activation of astrocytes were observed in the hippocampus of mice injected with Au@PEG. In contrast, the adverse effects of Au@PEG could be improved when injected with Au@Trolox. In short, the present study provided new insights into the toxicity evaluation of nanoparticles and would help to better understand and prevent the neurotoxicity of nanomaterials used in pharmaceutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Center for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xueling Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Center for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxuan Kang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Center for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, P. R. China
| | - Hui Yang
- Immunology Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
| | - Weiyi Guo
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Lingmei Guan
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Center for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Hai Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Center for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Libo Du
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Center for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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Hassan AA, Abdoon ASS, Elsheikh SM, Khairy MH, Gamaleldin AA, Elnabtity SM. Effect of acute gold nanorods on reproductive function in male albino rats: histological, morphometric, hormonal, and redox balance parameters. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:15816-15827. [PMID: 30953321 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04884-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effect of acute administration of gold nanorods (AuNRs) on testicular function, sexual hormones, and oxidative stress parameters in male albino rats. Forty mature male albino rats were divided into two equal groups (n = 20/each). The first group received 1 ml saline solution intraperitoneally (i.p.). The second group received single i.p. injection of 75 μg 50 nm AuNRs/kg/bwt. Five rats from each group were sacrificed on days 1, 3, 7, and 14 post treatment and blood samples were collected for hormonal and biochemical analysis. Testes were collected from each group at each time point for histopathology, morphometric, and transmission electron microscope analyses of testis and epididymis. Results indicated that i.p. injection of AuNRs did not produce any histopathological changes. Morphometric analysis of testicular samples revealed that the height of lining epithelium was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in AuNR group on days 3 and 14 post treatment, and the minor axis of seminiferous tubules was higher (P < 0.05) in AuNR-injected rats than in control group. For the epididymis, the number of spermatozoa was significantly (P < 0.05) higher on days 7 and 14 after AuNR injection when compared with control rats. AuNRs were not detected by TEM at all time points of the experiment. Serum analysis demonstrated that total and free testosterone values significantly (P < 0.05) increased on days 1, 3, 7, and 14 post AuNR injection. LH was higher (P < 0.05) in AuNRs-injected rats on days 3, 7, and 14 post injection, while FSH values were higher (P < 0.05) in AuNR group on days 3 and 14. Malondialdehyde significantly (P < 0.05) decreased on days 3, 7, and 14 in AuNR group, while catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase values were significantly (P < 0.05) elevated on days 3, 7, and 14 in AuNRs-injected rats compared with control group. In conclusion, intraperitoneal injection of 50 nm AuNRs is safe on the reproductive function and has an antioxidant action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwa A Hassan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy &Pharmaceutical Industries, Sinai University, El Arish, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Sabry S Abdoon
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Sawsan M Elsheikh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed H Khairy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Amina A Gamaleldin
- Department of Pathology, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sameh M Elnabtity
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Jeon S, Clavadetscher J, Lee DK, Chankeshwara SV, Bradley M, Cho WS. Surface Charge-Dependent Cellular Uptake of Polystyrene Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 8:nano8121028. [PMID: 30544753 PMCID: PMC6316338 DOI: 10.3390/nano8121028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The evaluation of the role of physicochemical properties in the toxicity of nanoparticles is important for the understanding of toxicity mechanisms and for controlling the behavior of nanoparticles. The surface charge of nanoparticles is suggested as one of the key parameters which decide their biological impact. In this study, we synthesized fluorophore-conjugated polystyrene nanoparticles (F-PLNPs), with seven different types of surface functional groups that were all based on an identical core, to evaluate the role of surface charge in the cellular uptake of nanoparticles. Phagocytic differentiated THP-1 cells or non-phagocytic A549 cells were incubated with F-PLNP for 4 h, and their cellular uptake was quantified by fluorescence intensity and confocal microscopy. The amount of internalized F-PLNPs showed a good positive correlation with the zeta potential of F-PLNPs in both cell lines (Pearson’s r = 0.7021 and 0.7852 for zeta potential vs. cellular uptake in THP-1 cells and nonphagocytic A549 cells, respectively). This result implies that surface charge is the major parameter determining cellular uptake efficiency, although other factors such as aggregation/agglomeration, protein corona formation, and compositional elements can also influence the cellular uptake partly or indirectly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyeon Jeon
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea.
| | - Jessica Clavadetscher
- EastChem, School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK.
| | - Dong-Keun Lee
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea.
| | - Sunay V Chankeshwara
- EastChem, School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK.
- Medicinal Chemistry, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, 431 50 Mölndal, Sweden.
| | - Mark Bradley
- EastChem, School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK.
| | - Wan-Seob Cho
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea.
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Song B, Zhou T, Liu J, Shao L. Involvement of Programmed Cell Death in Neurotoxicity of Metallic Nanoparticles: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2016; 11:484. [PMID: 27813025 PMCID: PMC5095106 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-016-1704-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The widespread application of metallic nanoparticles (NPs) or NP-based products has increased the risk of exposure to NPs in humans. The brain is an important organ that is more susceptible to exogenous stimuli. Moreover, any impairment to the brain is irreversible. Recently, several in vivo studies have found that metallic NPs can be absorbed into the animal body and then translocated into the brain, mainly through the blood-brain barrier and olfactory pathway after systemic administration. Furthermore, metallic NPs can cross the placental barrier to accumulate in the fetal brain, causing developmental neurotoxicity on exposure during pregnancy. Therefore, metallic NPs become a big threat to the brain. However, the mechanisms underlying the neurotoxicity of metallic NPs remain unclear. Programmed cell death (PCD), which is different from necrosis, is defined as active cell death and is regulated by certain genes. PCD can be mainly classified into apoptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, and pyroptosis. It is involved in brain development, neurodegenerative disorders, psychiatric disorders, and brain injury. Given the pivotal role of PCD in neurological functions, we reviewed relevant articles and tried to summarize the recent advances and future perspectives of PCD involvement in the neurotoxicity of metallic NPs, with the purpose of comprehensively understanding the neurotoxic mechanisms of NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Song
- Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, 550002 China
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, 550002 China
| | - Jia Liu
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - LongQuan Shao
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
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Das J, Choi YJ, Song H, Kim JH. Potential toxicity of engineered nanoparticles in mammalian germ cells and developing embryos: treatment strategies and anticipated applications of nanoparticles in gene delivery. Hum Reprod Update 2016; 22:588-619. [DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmw020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Mogoşanu GD, Grumezescu AM, Bejenaru C, Bejenaru LE. Polymeric protective agents for nanoparticles in drug delivery and targeting. Int J Pharm 2016; 510:419-29. [PMID: 26972379 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Surface modification/functionalization of nanoparticles (NPs) using polymeric protective agents is an issue of great importance and actuality for drug delivery and targeting. Improving the blood circulation half-life of surface-protected nanocarriers is closely related to the elimination of main biological barriers and limiting factors (protein absorption and opsonization), due to the phagocytic activity of reticuloendothelial system. For passive or active targeted delivery, in biomedical area, surface-functionalized NPs with tissue-recognition ligands were designed and optimized as a result of modern research techniques. Also, multi-functionalized nanostructures are characterized by enhanced bioavailability, efficacy, targeted localization, active cellular uptake, and low side effects. Surface-protected NPs are obtained from biocompatible, biodegradable and less toxic natural polymers (dextran, β-cyclodextrin, chitosan, hyaluronic acid, heparin, gelatin) or synthetic polymers, such as poly(lactic acid), poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid, poly(ε-caprolactone) and poly(alkyl cyanoacrylates). PEGylation is one of the most important functionalization methods providing steric stabilization, long circulating and 'stealth' properties for both polymeric and inorganic-based nanosystems. In addition, for their antimicrobial, antiviral and antitumor effects, cutting-edge researches in the field of pharmaceutical nanobiotechnology highlighted the importance of noble metal (platinum, gold, silver) NPs decorated with biopolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Dan Mogoşanu
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rareş Street, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxidic Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Cornelia Bejenaru
- Department of Vegetal & Animal Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rareş Street, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Ludovic Everard Bejenaru
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rareş Street, 200349 Craiova, Romania
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Gromnicova R, Yilmaz CU, Orhan N, Kaya M, Davies H, Williams P, Romero IA, Sharrack B, Male D. Localization and mobility of glucose-coated gold nanoparticles within the brain. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 11:617-25. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.15.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To identify the localization of glucose-coated gold nanoparticles within cells of the brain after intravascular infusion which may point to the mechanism by which they cross the blood–brain barrier. Materials & methods: Tissue distribution of the nanoparticles was measured by inductively-coupled-mass spectrometry and localization within the brain by histochemistry and electron microscopy. Results & conclusion: Nanoparticles were identified within neurons and glial cells more than 10 μm from the nearest microvessel within 10 min of intracarotid infusion. Their distribution indicated movement across the endothelial cytosol, and direct transfer between cells of the brain. The rapid movement of this class of nanoparticle (<5 nm) into the brain demonstrates their potential to carry therapeutic biomolecules or imaging reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radka Gromnicova
- Department of Life, Health & Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Canan Ugur Yilmaz
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nurcan Orhan
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Kaya
- Department of Physiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Heather Davies
- Department of Life, Health & Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
| | | | - Ignacio A Romero
- Department of Life, Health & Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Basil Sharrack
- Department of Neurology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - David Male
- Department of Life, Health & Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
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