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Weng Y, Huang Y, Qian M, Jin Y. Epoxiconazole disturbed metabolic balance and gut microbiota homeostasis in juvenile zebrafish. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 203:105993. [PMID: 39084794 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.105993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Epoxiconazole (EPX) is a broad-spectrum fungicide extensively used in agricultural pest control. Emerging evidence suggests that EPX can adversely affect different endpoints in non-target organisms. Here, the toxicity of EPX was assessed using earlier developmental stage of zebrafish as a model to investigate its effects on metabolism and intestinal microbiota after 21 days of exposure. Our findings indicated that EPX exposure resulted in physiological alterations in juvenile zebrafish, including increase in triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and glycose (Glu). Nile red staining demonstrated enhanced lipid accumulation in juvenile, accompanied by a marked upregulation in the expression of genes associated with TG synthesis. Moreover, EPX led to alterations in amino acids and carnitines levels in 21 dpf (days post fertilization) zebrafish. We also observed that EPX disrupted intestinal barrier function in juvenile zebrafish, manifested by decreasing mucus secretion and changing in genes related to tight junctions. Moreover, for a more comprehensive analysis of the intestinal microbiota in 21 dpf zebrafish, the intestine tissues were dissected under a microscope for 16S rRNA sequencing analysis. The results revealed that EPX altered the structure and abundance of intestinal microflora in zebrafish, including decreased alpha diversity indices and shifted in bacteria at phylum and genus levels. Notably, the correlation analysis demonstrated strong associations between alterations in various pathogenic bacterial genera and levels of amino acids and carnitines. Overall, these findings confirm that the fungicide EPX promotes metabolic disorders and alterations in the intestinal micro-environment in 21 dpf zebrafish, shedding light on the toxicologic effects of chemicals to aquatic organisms during the development stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Weng
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Yilin Huang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Mingrong Qian
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China.
| | - Yuanxiang Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
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Liu B, Fang S, Zhou K, Ma L, Shi Y, Wang Y, Gao X. Unveiling hepatotoxicity distinction of coumarin-related compounds from glycosides to aglycones in Fructus Psoraleae by integrating UPLC-Q-TOF-MS and high content analysis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023:116664. [PMID: 37253395 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fructus Psoraleae (FP), the dried and ripe fruit of Cullen corylifolium (L.) Medik., is widely used due to its various clinical pharmacological effects, but its hepatotoxicity restricts its clinical application. So far, its hepatotoxic components and their underlying mechanism have not been systematically elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was undertaken to reveal the hepatotoxicity distinction of coumarin-related compounds from glycosides to aglycones in FP and elucidate their potential mechanism. METHODS Rats were administrated with the aqueous extract of Fructus Psoraleae (AEFP), in which eight coumarin-related compounds were focused. Subsequently, compounds exposed in rats' livers were detected by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS, and the identified hepatotoxic compounds were evaluated to elaborate their possible mechanism by the aid of high content analysis (HCA). RESULTS Eight coumarin-related compounds were identified, among which psoralenoside (PO), isopsoralenoside (IPO), psoralen (P), and isopsoralen (IP) were the principally exposed compounds in rats' livers. Furocoumarinic acid glucoside (FAG), (E)-3-(4-(((2S, 3R, 4S, 5S, 6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl) tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl) oxy) benzofuran-5-yl) acrylic acid (isofurocoumarinic acid glucoside, IFAG), furocoumarinic acid (FA), and (E)-3-(4-hydroxybenzofuran-5-yl) acrylic acid (isofurocoumarinic acid, IFA) were also detected in low abundance. P, IP, FA, and IFA were identified as the hepatotoxic compounds, while their glycosides were almost non-hepatotoxic. The HCA's results showed that hepatotoxic compounds disrupted the balance in reactive oxygen species (ROS), nuclear area, and mitochondrial membrane potential of HepG2 cells, leading to the occurrence of hepatotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS P, IP, FA, and IFA were identified as hepatotoxic compounds, from which P and IP were proposed as the important risk components for hepatotoxicity. The conversion from glycosides to aglycones played an essential role in FP-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Shiming Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Kun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Lulu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yaling Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yuefei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Xiumei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
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Bai C, Tang M. Progress on the toxicity of quantum dots to model organism-zebrafish. J Appl Toxicol 2023; 43:89-106. [PMID: 35441386 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In vivo toxicological studies are currently necessary to analyze the probable dangers of quantum dots (QDs) to the environment and human safety, due to the fast expansion of QDs in a range of applications. Because of its high fecundity, cost-effectiveness, well-defined developmental phases, and optical transparency, zebrafish has long been considered the "gold standard" for biosafety assessment of chemical substances and pollutants. In this review, the advantages of using zebrafish in QD toxicity assessment were explored. Then, the target organ toxicities such as developmental toxicity, immunotoxicity, cardiovascular toxicity, neurotoxicity, and hepatotoxicity were summarized. The hazardous effects of different QDs, including cadmium-containing QDs like CdTe, CdSe, and CdSe/ZnS, as well as cadmium-free QDs like graphene QDs (GQDs), graphene oxide QDs (GOQDs), and others, were emphasized and described in detail, as well as the underlying mechanisms of QDs generating these effects. Furthermore, general physicochemical parameters determining QD-induced toxicity in zebrafish were introduced, such as chemical composition and surface coating/modification. The limitations and special concerns of using zebrafish in QD toxicity studies were also mentioned. Finally, we predicted that the utilization of high-throughput screening assays and omics, such as transcriptome sequencing, proteomics, and metabolomics will be popular topic in nanotoxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changcun Bai
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Wu X, Li R, Xu Q, Liu F, Jiang Y, Zhang M, Tong M. Identification of key genes and pathways between mild-moderate and severe asthmatics via bioinformatics analysis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2549. [PMID: 35169275 PMCID: PMC8847662 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06675-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe asthma is the main reason for death and disability caused by asthma. However, effective biomarkers for severe asthma have not been identified. Here, we aimed to identify potential biomarkers in severe asthma. We identified 202 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between severe asthma and mild-moderate asthma after integrating the results from GSE69683 and GSE27011 datasets. The enrichment analysis indicated that 202 DEGs were associated with metabolism- and immune-related processes. 10 hub genes were identified by Cytoscape and five of these genes’ AUC (area under the curve) values were greater than 0.6 in GSE69683. The AUC value reached to 0.701 when combined SEC61A1 and ALDH18A1 expression. The expression of the five hub genes was verified in an external dataset. The network analysis revealed that transcription factor (TF) WT1, ZEB1, RERE, FOSL1, and miR-20a may be involved in the development of asthma. In addition, we found cyclosporine and acetaminophen could interact with these hub genes and may be negatively associated with most of the five hub genes according to previous reports. Overall, key genes were identified between mild-moderate and severe asthmatics, which contributed to the understanding of the development of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Wu
- Department of Child Health Care, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing, China
| | - Ran Li
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qu Xu
- Department of Child Health Care, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Child Health Care, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Jiang
- Department of Child Health Care, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Child Health Care, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing, China.
| | - Meiling Tong
- Department of Child Health Care, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing, China.
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Higuchi A, Wakai E, Tada T, Koiwa J, Adachi Y, Shiromizu T, Goto H, Tanaka T, Nishimura Y. Generation of a Transgenic Zebrafish Line for In Vivo Assessment of Hepatic Apoptosis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14111117. [PMID: 34832899 PMCID: PMC8618266 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic apoptosis is involved in a variety of pathophysiologic conditions in the liver, including hepatitis, steatosis, and drug-induced liver injury. The development of easy-to-perform and reliable in vivo assays would thus greatly enhance the efforts to understand liver diseases and identify associated genes and potential drugs. In this study, we developed a transgenic zebrafish line that was suitable for the assessment of caspase 3 activity in the liver by using in vivo fluorescence imaging. The larvae of transgenic zebrafish dominantly expressed Casper3GR in the liver under control of the promoter of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 gene. Casper3GR is composed of two fluorescent proteins, tagGFP and tagRFP, which are connected via a peptide linker that can be cleaved by activated caspase 3. Under tagGFP excitation conditions in zebrafish that were exposed to the well-characterized hepatotoxicant isoniazid, we detected increased and decreased fluorescence associated with tagGFP and tagRFP, respectively. This result suggests that isoniazid activates caspase 3 in the zebrafish liver, which digests the linker between tagGFP and tagRFP, resulting in a reduction in the Förster resonance energy transfer to tagRFP upon tagGFP excitation. We also detected isoniazid-induced inhibition of caspase 3 activity in zebrafish that were treated with the hepatoprotectants ursodeoxycholic acid and obeticholic acid. The transgenic zebrafish that were developed in this study could be a powerful tool for identifying both hepatotoxic and hepatoprotective drugs, as well as for analyzing the effects of the genes of interest to hepatic apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aina Higuchi
- Department of Integrative Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan; (A.H.); (E.W.); (J.K.); (Y.A.); (T.S.)
| | - Eri Wakai
- Department of Integrative Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan; (A.H.); (E.W.); (J.K.); (Y.A.); (T.S.)
| | - Tomoko Tada
- Ise Red Cross Hospital, Ise 516-8512, Mie, Japan;
| | - Junko Koiwa
- Department of Integrative Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan; (A.H.); (E.W.); (J.K.); (Y.A.); (T.S.)
| | - Yuka Adachi
- Department of Integrative Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan; (A.H.); (E.W.); (J.K.); (Y.A.); (T.S.)
| | - Takashi Shiromizu
- Department of Integrative Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan; (A.H.); (E.W.); (J.K.); (Y.A.); (T.S.)
| | - Hidemasa Goto
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan;
| | - Toshio Tanaka
- Department of Systems Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan;
| | - Yuhei Nishimura
- Department of Integrative Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan; (A.H.); (E.W.); (J.K.); (Y.A.); (T.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Zhang D, Dong Y, Lv J, Zhang B, Zhang X, Lin Z. Network pharmacology modeling identifies synergistic interaction of therapeutic and toxicological mechanisms for Tripterygium hypoglaucum Hutch. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:38. [PMID: 33446184 PMCID: PMC7809745 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03210-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tripterygium hypoglaucum Hutch (THH) both has prominent efficacy and unwarranted toxicity in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Nevertheless, its pharmacological and toxicological profiles still remain to be elucidated. In the current study, the network pharmacology approach was applied to identify synergistic interaction and mechanism of efficacy and toxicity for THH from a holistic perspective. Methods The compounds from THH were collected using literature retrieval and relevant databases. After the production of putative therapeutic targets for dominant diseases and harmful targets of adverse reactions (ADRs) induced by THH, the protein-protein interactions (PPIs), topological analysis and pathway enrichment were established to distinguish the hub targets and pathways. Additionally, the binding activity of candidate ingredients with core targets were revealed by molecular docking simulation. Results A total of eight bioactive components in THH were enrolled, and 633 targets were responsible for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 1067 targets were corresponding to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 1318 targets of ADRs were obtained. The results of enrichment analysis among THH-RA, THH-SLE and THH-ADR networks indicated that pathway in cancer, hepatitis B, rheumatoid arthritis, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway might participate in THH for treating RA and SLE. Besides, the mechanism of ADRs that induced by THH were associated with viral carcinogenesis, p53 signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and so on. Whereas, these active ingredients of THH exerted the superior binding activities with crucial targets including STAT3, VEGFA, TP53 and MMP9 that functioned synergistically efficacy and toxicity as observed via molecular docking simulation. Conclusion The present research preliminarily interpreted the synergistic interaction of therapeutic and toxicological mechanisms for THH through the comprehensive analysis of relationship and binding activity between primary components and core targets, providing a feasible and promising approach to facilitate the development of toxic and irreplaceable herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North Three-ring East Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Yizhu Dong
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North Three-ring East Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Jintao Lv
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North Three-ring East Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North Three-ring East Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing, 100102, China. .,Center for Pharmacovigilance and Rational Use of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Xiaomeng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North Three-ring East Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Zhijian Lin
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North Three-ring East Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing, 100102, China
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Xia Z, Hao E, Chen Z, Zhang M, Wei Y, Wei M, Hou X, Du Z, Deng J. Roots and stems of Kadsura coccinea extract induced developmental toxicity in zebrafish embryos/larvae through apoptosis and oxidative stress. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2020; 58:1294-1301. [PMID: 33355515 PMCID: PMC7759282 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2020.1859553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Although the roots and stems of Kadsura coccinea (Lem.) A. C. Smith. [Schisandraceae] are herbs and traditional foods in Li nationality, its toxicity remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To study developmental toxicity of K. coccinea consumption and explain underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Zebrafish were applied to assess LC50 values of hydroethanol extract (KCH) and water extract (KCW) of Kadsura coccinea. In further study, three concentrations groups of KCH (3.75, 7.5 and 15 μg/mL for embryo, 7.5, 15 and 30 μg/mL for larvae) and control group (n = 30) were administered. At specific stages of zebrafish development, spontaneous movement, hatching rate, etc., were measured. Gene expressions related to developmental toxicity were examined. RESULTS The LC50 value of KCH (24 or 45 μg/mL) was lower than KCW (1447 or 2011 μg/mL) in embryos or larvae. The inhibited spontaneous movement (20%), hatching rate (20%), body length (12%) and eye area (30%) were observed after KCH treatment. Moreover, the decreased liver areas (25%) and fluorescence intensity (33%), increased ALT (37%) and AST levels (42%) were found in larvae treated with KCH (30 μg/mL). The increased ROS (89%), MDA concentrations (30%), apoptosis generation (62%) and decreased T-SOD activity (16%) were also observed. The represented genes of developmental hepatotoxicity, oxidative stress and apoptosis in zebrafish were activated after KCH (15 or 30 μg/mL) treatment. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that KCH has developmental toxicity on zebrafish. Our study provides a scientific basis for further research on the toxicity of Kadsura coccinea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongshang Xia
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Erwei Hao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Zhangmei Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Mingzhe Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Yanting Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Man Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaotao Hou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Zhengcai Du
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Jiagang Deng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
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Saide K, Wheeler GN. In Vivo Assessment of Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity Using Xenopus Embryos. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2020; 2020:pdb.prot106096. [PMID: 32404313 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot106096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Failure to predict drug-induced toxicity reactions is a major problem contributing to a high attrition rate and tremendous cost in drug development. Drug screening in X. laevis embryos is high-throughput relative to screening in rodents, potentially making them ideal for this use. Xenopus embryos have been used as a toxicity model in the frog embryo teratogenesis assay on Xenopus (FETAX) for the early stages of drug safety evaluation. We previously developed compound-screening methods using Xenopus embryos and believe they could be used for in vitro drug-induced toxicity safety assessment before expensive preclinical trials in mammals. Specifically, Xenopus embryos could help predict drug-induced hepatotoxicity and consequently aid lead candidate prioritization. Here we present methods, which we have modified for use on Xenopus embryos, to help measure the potential for a drug to induce liver toxicity. One such method examines the release of the liver-specific microRNA (miRNA) miR-122 from the liver into the vasculature as a result of hepatocellular damage, which could be due to drug-induced acute liver injury. Paracetamol, a known hepatotoxin at high doses, can be used as a positive control. We previously showed that some of the phenotypes of mammalian paracetamol overdose are reflected in Xenopus embryos. Consequently, we have also included here a method that measures the concentration of free glutathione (GSH), which is an indicator of paracetamol-induced liver injury. These methods can be used as part of a panel of protocols to help predict the hepatoxicity of a drug at an early stage in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy Saide
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Grant N Wheeler
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
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Nikam VS, Singh D, Takawale R, Ghante MR. Zebrafish: An emerging whole-organism screening tool in safety pharmacology. Indian J Pharmacol 2020; 52:505-513. [PMID: 33666192 PMCID: PMC8092182 DOI: 10.4103/ijp.ijp_482_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last two decades, the development in drug discovery is slackening due to drug withdrawal from the market or reported to have postmarket safety events. The vital organ toxicities, especially cardiotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, pulmonary toxicity, and neurotoxicity are the major concerns for high drug attrition rates. The pharmaceutical industry is looking for high throughput, high content analysis based novel assays that would be fast, efficient, reproducible, and cost-effective; would address toxicity, the safety of lead molecules, and complement currently used cell-based assays in preclinical testing. The use of zebrafish, a vertebrate screening model, for preclinical testing is increasing owing to the number of advantages and striking similarities with the mammal. The zebrafish embryo development is fast and all vital organs such as the heart, liver, brain, pancreas, and kidneys in zebrafish are functional within 96-120hpf. The maintenance cost of zebrafish is reasonably low as compared to mammalian systems. Due to these features, zebrafish has arisen as a potential experimental screening model in lead identification and validation in the drug efficacy, toxicity, and safety evaluation. Numbers of drugs and chemicals are screened using zebrafish embryos, and results were found to show 100% concordance with mammalian screening data. The application of zebrafish, being a whole-organism screening model, would show a significant reduction in the cost and time required in the drug development process. The present challenge includes complete automation of the zebrafish screening model, i.e., from sorting, imaging of embryos to data analysis to accelerate the therapeutic target identification, and validation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana S. Nikam
- Department of Pharmacology, Sinhgad Technical Education Society's Smt. Kashibai Navale College of Pharmacy, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Deeksha Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Sinhgad Technical Education Society's Smt. Kashibai Navale College of Pharmacy, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rohan Takawale
- Department of Pharmacology, Sinhgad Technical Education Society's Smt. Kashibai Navale College of Pharmacy, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Minal R. Ghante
- Department of Pharmacology, Sinhgad Technical Education Society's Smt. Kashibai Navale College of Pharmacy, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Miyawaki I. Application of zebrafish to safety evaluation in drug discovery. J Toxicol Pathol 2020; 33:197-210. [PMID: 33239838 PMCID: PMC7677624 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2020-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, safety evaluation at the early stage of drug discovery research has been done using in silico, in vitro, and in vivo systems in this order because of limitations on the amount of compounds available and the throughput ability of the assay systems. While these in vitro assays are very effective tools for detecting particular tissue-specific toxicity phenotypes, it is difficult to detect toxicity based on complex mechanisms involving multiple organs and tissues. Therefore, the development of novel high throughput in vivo evaluation systems has been expected for a long time. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a vertebrate with many attractive characteristics for use in drug discovery, such as a small size, transparency, gene and protein similarity with mammals (80% or more), and ease of genetic modification to establish human disease models. Actually, in recent years, the zebrafish has attracted interest as a novel experimental animal. In this article, the author summarized the features of zebrafish that make it a suitable laboratory animal, and introduced and discussed the applications of zebrafish to preclinical toxicity testing, including evaluations of teratogenicity, hepatotoxicity, and nephrotoxicity based on morphological findings, evaluation of cardiotoxicity using functional endpoints, and assessment of seizure and drug abuse liability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izuru Miyawaki
- Preclinical Research Laboratories, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma
Co., Ltd., 3-1-98 Kasugade-naka, Konohana-ku, Osaka 554-0022, Japan
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11
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Baumann L, Holbech H, Schmidt-Posthaus H, Moissl AP, Hennies M, Tiedemann J, Weltje L, Segner H, Braunbeck T. Does hepatotoxicity interfere with endocrine activity in zebrafish (Danio rerio)? CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 238:124589. [PMID: 31437630 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Vitellogenin (VTG), a well-established biomarker for the diagnosis of endocrine activity in fish, is used in multiple OECD test guidelines (TG) to identify activities of chemicals on hormonal pathways. However, the synthesis of VTG may not only be modified by typical endocrine-related pathways, but also through non-endocrine-mediated processes. In particular, hepatotoxicity, i.e. toxicant-induced impairment of liver structure and function, might influence VTG as a biomarker, since VTG is synthesized in hepatocytes. An intimate understanding of the interplay between endocrine-related and non-endocrine-related pathways influencing VTG production is crucial for the avoidance of erroneous diagnoses in hazard assessment for regulatory purposes of chemical compounds. In order to investigate whether hepatotoxicity may interfere with hepatic VTG synthesis, adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) were exposed to three well-known hepatotoxicants, acetaminophen, isoniazid and acetylsalicylic acid, according to OECD TG 230. Various hepatotoxicity- and endocrine system-related endpoints were recorded: mRNA expression of selected endocrine- and hepatotoxicity-related marker genes in the liver; VTG levels in head/tail homogenates; and liver histopathology. All three test compounds induced significant, but mild single cell necrosis of hepatocytes and transcriptional changes of hepatotoxicity-related marker genes, thus confirming hepatotoxic effects. A positive correlation between hepatotoxicity and reduced hepatic VTG synthesis was not observed, with the single exception of a weak increase in female zebrafish exposed to APAP. This suggests that - in studies conducted according to OECD TG 229 or 230 - it is unlikely that hepatotoxic chemicals will interfere with the hepatic capacity for VTG synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Baumann
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Henrik Holbech
- University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Heike Schmidt-Posthaus
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Laenggassstrasse 122, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Angela P Moissl
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark Hennies
- TECO Development, Marie-Curie-Strasse 1, D-53359, Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Janina Tiedemann
- TECO Development, Marie-Curie-Strasse 1, D-53359, Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Lennart Weltje
- BASF SE, Agricultural Solutions - Ecotoxicology, Speyerer Strasse 2, D-67117, Limburgerhof, Germany
| | - Helmut Segner
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Laenggassstrasse 122, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Braunbeck
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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12
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Qiu L, Jia K, Huang L, Liao X, Guo X, Lu H. Hepatotoxicity of tricyclazole in zebrafish (Danio rerio). CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 232:171-179. [PMID: 31154177 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Tricyclazole is widely used in agriculture as a pesticide, but its toxicity in vertebrates is currently poorly evaluated. In this study, we used zebrafish to assess the toxicity of tricyclazole. We found that tricyclazole induces liver damage, or hepatotoxicity, in zebrafish, during both development and adulthood. In embryos, we found that tricyclazole affected the liver development rather than other endodermal tissues such as gut and pancreas. In both embryos and adult zebrafish livers, tricyclazole disrupted the relationship between oxidant and antioxidant system and resulted in reactive oxygen species (ROS) overload. Meanwhile, it triggered hepatocyte apoptosis and disturbed carbohydrate/lipid metabolism and energy demand systems. These results suggested that tricyclazole could cause severe consequences for vertebrate hepatic development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Qiu
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China
| | - Kun Jia
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China; Center for Developmental Biology of Jinggangshan University, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lirong Huang
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China; Center for Developmental Biology of Jinggangshan University, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xinjun Liao
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China; Center for Developmental Biology of Jinggangshan University, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xinchun Guo
- School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Huiqiang Lu
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China; Center for Developmental Biology of Jinggangshan University, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China.
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13
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Liu Y, Liu X, Wang Y, Yi C, Tian J, Liu K, Chu J. Protective effect of lactobacillus plantarum on alcoholic liver injury and regulating of keap-Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway in zebrafish larvae. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222339. [PMID: 31509586 PMCID: PMC6738915 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This research investigated the protective effect of lactobacillus plantarum against alcohol-induced liver injury and the regulatory mechanism of Keap-Nrf2-ARE signal pathway in zebrafish. Firstly, a zebrafish alcoholic liver injury model was established using1.0mM of ethanol concentration, then two forms of lactobacillus plantarum treatment were designed to perform repair, including a lactobacillus plantarum thallus suspension (LPS) and a lactobacillus plantarum thallus breaking solution (LPBS). After 24h of alcohol injury, lactobacillus plantarum concentrations of 0, 1.0×105, 1.0×106, 1.0×107 and 1.5×107 cfu/mL were added to protect zebrafish larvae. Then with the treatment of lactobacillus plantarum after 48h, activities of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in zebrafish tissue homogenate were respectively determined. Keap-Nrf2-ARE signal pathway related gene expression conditions were also analyzed, including nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2(Nrf2), Kelch like ECH associated protein 1(Keap1), catalase(CAT), hemooxygenase1(HO1) and Glutathione S-Transferase Kappa 1(gstk1). Results showed that: in comparison with the control group, the LPBS with dosage of 1.0×107 cfu/mL remarkably improved the activities of SOD, CAT, HO1and gstk1 in zebrafish larvae liver (P<0.05), resulting in significant increase of the protein expression level of Nrf2 (225.78%) and suppression of Keap1 gene expression (73.67%)(P<0.01). As confirmed by the results, lactobacillus plantarum activated the Keap-Nrf2-ARE signal pathway from the level of transcription, the up-regulation of the expression quantity of Nrf2 protected the organism from oxidative stress and maximally reduced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Liu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji’nan, Shandong, China
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanhai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqian Liu
- Department of General Practice of Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji’nan, Shandong, China
| | - Cao Yi
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji’nan, Shandong, China
| | - Jiahui Tian
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji’nan, Shandong, China
| | - Kechun Liu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji’nan, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Chu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji’nan, Shandong, China
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14
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Giusti A, Nguyen XB, Kislyuk S, Mignot M, Ranieri C, Nicolaï J, Oorts M, Wu X, Annaert P, De Croze N, Léonard M, Ny A, Cabooter D, de Witte P. Safety Assessment of Compounds after In Vitro Metabolic Conversion Using Zebrafish Eleuthero Embryos. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071712. [PMID: 30959884 PMCID: PMC6479637 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish-based platforms have recently emerged as a useful tool for toxicity testing as they combine the advantages of in vitro and in vivo methodologies. Nevertheless, the capacity to metabolically convert xenobiotics by zebrafish eleuthero embryos is supposedly low. To circumvent this concern, a comprehensive methodology was developed wherein test compounds (i.e., parathion, malathion and chloramphenicol) were first exposed in vitro to rat liver microsomes (RLM) for 1 h at 37 °C. After adding methanol, the mixture was ultrasonicated, placed for 2 h at −20 °C, centrifuged and the supernatant evaporated. The pellet was resuspended in water for the quantification of the metabolic conversion and the detection of the presence of metabolites using ultra high performance liquid chromatography-Ultraviolet-Mass (UHPLC-UV-MS). Next, three days post fertilization (dpf) zebrafish eleuthero embryos were exposed to the metabolic mix diluted in Danieau’s medium for 48 h at 28 °C, followed by a stereomicroscopic examination of the adverse effects induced, if any. The novelty of our method relies in the possibility to quantify the rate of the in vitro metabolism of the parent compound and to co-incubate three dpf larvae and the diluted metabolic mix for 48 h without inducing major toxic effects. The results for parathion show an improved predictivity of the toxic potential of the compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Giusti
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, O & N II Herestraat 49-box 824, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Xuan-Bac Nguyen
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, O & N II Herestraat 49-box 824, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Stanislav Kislyuk
- Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, O & N II Herestraat 49-box 923, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Mélanie Mignot
- Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, O & N II Herestraat 49-box 923, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Cecilia Ranieri
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, O & N II Herestraat 49-box 824, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Johan Nicolaï
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, O & N II Herestraat 49-box 921, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Marlies Oorts
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, O & N II Herestraat 49-box 921, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Xiao Wu
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, O & N II Herestraat 49-box 824, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Pieter Annaert
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, O & N II Herestraat 49-box 921, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Noémie De Croze
- L'Oréal Research & Innovation, 93600 Aulnay-sous-Bois, France.
| | - Marc Léonard
- L'Oréal Research & Innovation, 93600 Aulnay-sous-Bois, France.
| | - Annelii Ny
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, O & N II Herestraat 49-box 824, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Deirdre Cabooter
- Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, O & N II Herestraat 49-box 923, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Peter de Witte
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, O & N II Herestraat 49-box 824, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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15
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Saide K, Sherwood V, Wheeler GN. Paracetamol-induced liver injury modelled in Xenopus laevis embryos. Toxicol Lett 2019; 302:83-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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16
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Abstract
Tuberculosis is still a global health burden. It is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis which afflicts around one third of the world's population and costs around 1.3 million people their lives every year. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine is inefficient to prevent overt infection. Additionally, the lengthy inconvenient course of treatment, along with the raising issue of antimicrobial resistance, result in incomplete eradication of this infectious disease. The lack of proper animal models that replicate the latent and active courses of human tuberculosis infection remains one of the main reasons behind the poor advancement in tuberculosis research. Danio rerio, commonly known as zebrafish, is catching more attention as an animal model in tuberculosis research field. This shift is based on the histological and pathological similarities between Mycobacterium marinum infection in zebrafish and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in humans. Being small, cheap, transparent, and easy to handle have added further advantages to the use of zebrafish model. Besides better understanding of the pathogenesis of tuberculosis, Mycobacterium marinum infected zebrafish model is useful for evaluating novel vaccines against human tuberculosis, high throughput small molecule screening, repurposing established drugs with possible antitubercular activity, and assessing novel antituberculars for hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Bouz
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove , Charles University , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
| | - Nada Al Hasawi
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Kuwait University , Kuwait , State of Kuwait
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17
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Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae are a uniquely powerful model system which investigate the effects of toxicant exposure on liver development and function. Manufacturing processes and development of new synthetic compounds increased rapidly since the middle of the twentieth century, resulting in widespread exposure to environmental toxicants. This is compounded by the shift in the global burden of disease from infectious agents to chronic disease, particularly in industrialized nations, which increases the need to investigate the long-term and transgenerational effects of environmental exposures on human health. Zebrafish provide an excellent model to investigate the mechanisms of action of environmental pollutants given their large-scale embryo production and rapid development, which allow for short-term assessment of toxicity in a whole animal system. Here we describe methods for the use of zebrafish to study hepatotoxicity and liver disease induced by chemical toxicants. Many of the genetic, molecular, and cellular processes are conserved between zebrafish and mammals, enabling translation to human populations and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Bambino
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joshua Morrison
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jaime Chu
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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18
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Stinckens E, Vergauwen L, Ankley GT, Blust R, Darras VM, Villeneuve DL, Witters H, Volz DC, Knapen D. An AOP-based alternative testing strategy to predict the impact of thyroid hormone disruption on swim bladder inflation in zebrafish. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 200:1-12. [PMID: 29702435 PMCID: PMC6002951 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework can be used to help support the development of alternative testing strategies aimed at predicting adverse outcomes caused by triggering specific toxicity pathways. In this paper, we present a case-study demonstrating the selection of alternative in chemico assays targeting the molecular initiating events of established AOPs, and evaluate use of the resulting data to predict higher level biological endpoints. Based on two AOPs linking inhibition of the deiodinase (DIO) enzymes to impaired posterior swim bladder inflation in fish, we used in chemico enzyme inhibition assays to measure the molecular initiating events for an array of 51 chemicals. Zebrafish embryos were then exposed to 14 compounds with different measured inhibition potentials. Effects on posterior swim bladder inflation, predicted based on the information captured by the AOPs, were evaluated. By linking the two datasets and setting thresholds, we were able to demonstrate that the in chemico dataset can be used to predict biological effects on posterior chamber inflation, with only two outliers out of the 14 tested compounds. Our results show how information organized using the AOP framework can be employed to develop or select alternative assays, and successfully forecast downstream key events along the AOP. In general, such in chemico assays could serve as a first-tier high-throughput system to screen and prioritize chemicals for subsequent acute and chronic fish testing, potentially reducing the need for long-term and costly toxicity tests requiring large numbers of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Stinckens
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Lucia Vergauwen
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Gerald T Ankley
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Mid-Continent Ecology Division,6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804, USA
| | - Ronny Blust
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Veerle M Darras
- Laboratory of Comparative Endocrinology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 61, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daniel L Villeneuve
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Mid-Continent Ecology Division,6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804, USA
| | - Hilda Witters
- Applied Bio & Molecular Systems (ABS), Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - David C Volz
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Dries Knapen
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
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19
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Imran M, Sergent O, Tête A, Gallais I, Chevanne M, Lagadic-Gossmann D, Podechard N. Membrane Remodeling as a Key Player of the Hepatotoxicity Induced by Co-Exposure to Benzo[a]pyrene and Ethanol of Obese Zebrafish Larvae. Biomolecules 2018; 8:biom8020026. [PMID: 29757947 PMCID: PMC6023014 DOI: 10.3390/biom8020026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The rise in prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) constitutes an important public health concern worldwide. Including obesity, numerous risk factors of NAFLD such as benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and ethanol have been identified as modifying the physicochemical properties of the plasma membrane in vitro thus causing membrane remodeling—changes in membrane fluidity and lipid-raft characteristics. In this study, the possible involvement of membrane remodeling in the in vivo progression of steatosis to a steatohepatitis-like state upon co-exposure to B[a]P and ethanol was tested in obese zebrafish larvae. Larvae bearing steatosis as the result of a high-fat diet were exposed to ethanol and/or B[a]P for seven days at low concentrations coherent with human exposure in order to elicit hepatotoxicity. In this condition, the toxicant co-exposure raised global membrane order with higher lipid-raft clustering in the plasma membrane of liver cells, as evaluated by staining with the fluoroprobe di-4-ANEPPDHQ. Involvement of this membrane’s remodeling was finally explored by using the lipid-raft disruptor pravastatin that counteracted the effects of toxicant co-exposure both on membrane remodeling and toxicity. Overall, it can be concluded that B[a]P/ethanol co-exposure can induce in vivo hepatotoxicity via membrane remodeling which could be considered as a good target mechanism for developing combination therapy to deal with steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran
- Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)-UMR_S 1085, University of Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Odile Sergent
- Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)-UMR_S 1085, University of Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Arnaud Tête
- Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)-UMR_S 1085, University of Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Isabelle Gallais
- Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)-UMR_S 1085, University of Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Martine Chevanne
- Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)-UMR_S 1085, University of Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Dominique Lagadic-Gossmann
- Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)-UMR_S 1085, University of Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Normand Podechard
- Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)-UMR_S 1085, University of Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France.
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20
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Ryu B, Kim CY, Oh H, Kim U, Kim J, Jung CR, Lee BH, Lee S, Chang SN, Lee JM, Chung HM, Park JH. Development of an alternative zebrafish model for drug-induced intestinal toxicity. J Appl Toxicol 2017; 38:259-273. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bokyeong Ryu
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine; Seoul National University; Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - C-Yoon Kim
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine; Konkuk University; Seoul 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Hanseul Oh
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine; Seoul National University; Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Ukjin Kim
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine; Seoul National University; Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kim
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine; Seoul National University; Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Cho-Rok Jung
- Gene Therapy Research Unit; Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Hee Lee
- National Institute of Biological Resources; Incheon 22689 Republic of Korea
| | - Seungki Lee
- National Institute of Biological Resources; Incheon 22689 Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Na Chang
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine; Seoul National University; Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Min Lee
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine; Seoul National University; Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Min Chung
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine; Konkuk University; Seoul 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hak Park
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine; Seoul National University; Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
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21
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Robinson BL, Dumas M, Ali SF, Paule MG, Gu Q, Kanungo J. Cyclosporine exacerbates ketamine toxicity in zebrafish: Mechanistic studies on drug-drug interaction. J Appl Toxicol 2017; 37:1438-1447. [PMID: 28569378 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cyclosporine A (CsA) is an immunosuppressive drug commonly used in organ transplant patients to prevent allograft rejections. Ketamine is a pediatric anesthetic that noncompetitively inhibits the calcium-permeable N-methyl-d-aspartic acid receptors. Adverse drug-drug interaction effects between ketamine and CsA have been reported in mammals and humans. However, the mechanism of such drug-drug interaction is unclear. We have previously reported adverse effects of combination drugs, such as verapamil/ketamine and shown the mechanism through intervention by other drugs in zebrafish embryos. Here, we show that ketamine and CsA in combination produce developmental toxicity even leading to lethality in zebrafish larvae when exposure began at 24 h post-fertilization (hpf), whereas CsA did not cause any toxicity on its own. We also demonstrate that acetyl l-carnitine (ALCAR) completely reversed the adverse effects. Both ketamine and CsA are CYP3A4 substrates. Although ketamine and CsA independently altered the expression of the hepatic marker CYP3A65, a zebrafish ortholog of human CYP3A4, both drugs together induced further increase in CYP3A65 expression. In the presence of ALCAR, however, CYP3A65 expression was normalized. ALCAR has been shown to prevent ketamine toxicity in mammal and zebrafish. In conclusion, CsA exacerbated ketamine toxicity and ALCAR reversed the effects. These results, providing evidence for the first time on the reversal of the adverse effects of CsA/ketamine interaction by ALCAR, would prove useful in addressing potential occurrences of such toxicities in humans. Published 2017. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie L Robinson
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Melanie Dumas
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Syed F Ali
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Merle G Paule
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Qiang Gu
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Jyotshna Kanungo
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
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22
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Zhang Y, Han L, He Q, Chen W, Sun C, Wang X, Chen X, Wang R, Hsiao CD, Liu K. A rapid assessment for predicting drug-induced hepatotoxicity using zebrafish. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2017; 84:102-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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23
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Vernetti LA, Vogt A, Gough A, Taylor DL. Evolution of Experimental Models of the Liver to Predict Human Drug Hepatotoxicity and Efficacy. Clin Liver Dis 2017; 21:197-214. [PMID: 27842772 PMCID: PMC6325638 DOI: 10.1016/j.cld.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we review the past applications of in vitro models in identifying human hepatotoxins and then focus on the use of multiscale experimental models in drug development, including the use of zebrafish and human cell-based, 3-dimensional, microfluidic systems of liver functions as key components in applying Quantitative Systems Pharmacology (QSP). We have implemented QSP as a platform to improve the rate of success in the process of drug discovery and development of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence A Vernetti
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, Biomedical Science Tower 200 Lothrop Street, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
| | - Andreas Vogt
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, Biomedical Science Tower 200 Lothrop Street, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Albert Gough
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, Biomedical Science Tower 200 Lothrop Street, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - D Lansing Taylor
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, Biomedical Science Tower 200 Lothrop Street, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, 5150 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
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24
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Podechard N, Chevanne M, Fernier M, Tête A, Collin A, Cassio D, Kah O, Lagadic-Gossmann D, Sergent O. Zebrafish larva as a reliable model for in vivo assessment of membrane remodeling involvement in the hepatotoxicity of chemical agents. J Appl Toxicol 2016; 37:732-746. [PMID: 27896850 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The easy-to-use in vivo model, zebrafish larva, is being increasingly used to screen chemical-induced hepatotoxicity, with a good predictivity for various mechanisms of liver injury. However, nothing is known about its applicability in exploring the mechanism called membrane remodeling, depicted as changes in membrane fluidity or lipid raft properties. The aim of this study was, therefore, to substantiate the zebrafish larva as a suitable in vivo model in this context. Ethanol was chosen as a prototype toxicant because it is largely described, both in hepatocyte cultures and in rodents, as capable of inducing a membrane remodeling leading to hepatocyte death and liver injury. The zebrafish larva model was demonstrated to be fully relevant as membrane remodeling was maintained even after a 1-week exposure without any adaptation as usually reported in rodents and hepatocyte cultures. It was also proven to exhibit a high sensitivity as it discriminated various levels of cytotoxicity depending on the extent of changes in membrane remodeling. In this context, its sensitivity appeared higher than that of WIF-B9 hepatic cells, which is suited for analyzing this kind of hepatotoxicity. Finally, the protection afforded by a membrane stabilizer, ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), or by a lipid raft disrupter, pravastatin, definitely validated zebrafish larva as a reliable model to quickly assess membrane remodeling involvement in chemical-induced hepatotoxicity. In conclusion, this model, compatible with a high throughput screening, might be adapted to seek hepatotoxicants via membrane remodeling, and also drugs targeting membrane features to propose new preventive or therapeutic strategies in chemical-induced liver diseases. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Normand Podechard
- UMR Inserm 1085, IRSET, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, bâtiment 5, 35043, Rennes Cédex, France.,Biosit UMS3480, Université de Rennes 1, 35043, Rennes Cédex, France
| | - Martine Chevanne
- UMR Inserm 1085, IRSET, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, bâtiment 5, 35043, Rennes Cédex, France.,Biosit UMS3480, Université de Rennes 1, 35043, Rennes Cédex, France
| | - Morgane Fernier
- UMR Inserm 1085, IRSET, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, bâtiment 5, 35043, Rennes Cédex, France.,Biosit UMS3480, Université de Rennes 1, 35043, Rennes Cédex, France
| | - Arnaud Tête
- UMR Inserm 1085, IRSET, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, bâtiment 5, 35043, Rennes Cédex, France.,Biosit UMS3480, Université de Rennes 1, 35043, Rennes Cédex, France
| | - Aurore Collin
- UMR Inserm 1085, IRSET, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, bâtiment 5, 35043, Rennes Cédex, France.,Biosit UMS3480, Université de Rennes 1, 35043, Rennes Cédex, France
| | - Doris Cassio
- Inserm, UMR-S 757; Orsay, France; Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Olivier Kah
- Biosit UMS3480, Université de Rennes 1, 35043, Rennes Cédex, France.,UMR Inserm 1085, IRSET, Université de Rennes 1, bâtiment 9, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Dominique Lagadic-Gossmann
- UMR Inserm 1085, IRSET, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, bâtiment 5, 35043, Rennes Cédex, France.,Biosit UMS3480, Université de Rennes 1, 35043, Rennes Cédex, France
| | - Odile Sergent
- UMR Inserm 1085, IRSET, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, bâtiment 5, 35043, Rennes Cédex, France.,Biosit UMS3480, Université de Rennes 1, 35043, Rennes Cédex, France
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25
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Haggard DE, Noyes PD, Waters KM, Tanguay RL. Phenotypically anchored transcriptome profiling of developmental exposure to the antimicrobial agent, triclosan, reveals hepatotoxicity in embryonic zebrafish. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 308:32-45. [PMID: 27538710 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS) is an antimicrobial agent commonly found in a variety of personal care products and cosmetics. TCS readily enters the environment through wastewater and is detected in human plasma, urine, and breast milk due to its widespread use. Studies have implicated TCS as a disruptor of thyroid and estrogen signaling; therefore, research examining the developmental effects of TCS is warranted. In this study, we used embryonic zebrafish to investigate the developmental toxicity and potential mechanism of action of TCS. Embryos were exposed to graded concentrations of TCS from 6 to 120hours post-fertilization (hpf) and the concentration where 80% of the animals had mortality or morbidity at 120hpf (EC80) was calculated. Transcriptomic profiling was conducted on embryos exposed to the EC80 (7.37μM). We identified a total of 922 significant differentially expressed transcripts (FDR adjusted P-value≤0.05; fold change ≥2). Pathway and gene ontology enrichment analyses identified biological networks and transcriptional hubs involving normal liver functioning, suggesting TCS may be hepatotoxic in zebrafish. Tissue-specific gene enrichment analysis further supported the role of the liver as a target organ for TCS toxicity. We also examined the in vitro bioactivity profile of TCS reported by the ToxCast screening program. TCS had a diverse bioactivity profile and was a hit in 217 of the 385 assay endpoints we identified. We observed similarities in gene expression and hepatic steatosis assays; however, hit data for TCS were more concordant with the hypothesized CAR/PXR activity of TCS from rodent and human in vitro studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derik E Haggard
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Pamela D Noyes
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States; Office of Science Coordination and Policy (OSCP), Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Katrina M Waters
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Robert L Tanguay
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.
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