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Raju G, Nayak S, Acharya N, Sunder M, Kistenev Y, Mazumder N. Exploring the future of regenerative medicine: Unveiling the potential of optical microscopy for structural and functional imaging of stem cells. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2024; 17:e202300360. [PMID: 38168892 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine, which utilizes stem cells for tissue and organ repair, holds immense promise in healthcare. A comprehensive understanding of stem cell characteristics is crucial to unlock their potential. This study explores the pivotal role of optical microscopy in advancing regenerative medicine as a potent tool for stem cell research. Advanced optical microscopy techniques enable an in-depth examination of stem cell behavior, morphology, and functionality. The review encompasses current optical microscopy, elucidating its capabilities and constraints in stem cell imaging, while also shedding light on emerging technologies for improved stem cell visualization. Optical microscopy, complemented by techniques like fluorescence and multiphoton imaging, enhances our comprehension of stem cell dynamics. The introduction of label-free imaging facilitates noninvasive, real-time stem cell monitoring without external dyes or markers. By pushing the boundaries of optical microscopy, researchers reveal the intricate cellular mechanisms underpinning regenerative processes, thereby advancing more effective therapeutic strategies. The current study not only outlines the future of regenerative medicine but also underscores the pivotal role of optical microscopy in both structural and functional stem cell imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagan Raju
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Smitha Nayak
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Neha Acharya
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Mridula Sunder
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Yury Kistenev
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Nirmal Mazumder
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Bagha T, Kamal AM, Pal UM, Mohan Rao PS, Pandya HJ. Toward the development of a polarimetric tool to diagnose the fibrotic human ventricular myocardium. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2022; 27:055001. [PMID: 35562842 PMCID: PMC9106211 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.27.5.055001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Optical polarimetry is an emerging modality that effectively quantifies the bulk optical properties that correlate with the anisotropic structural properties of cardiac tissues. We demonstrate the application of a polarimetric tool for characterizing healthy and fibrotic human myocardial tissues efficiently with a high degree of accuracy. AIM The study was aimed to characterize the myocardial tissues from the left ventricle and right ventricle of N = 7 control and N = 10 diseased subjects. The diseased subjects were composed of two groups: N = 7 with rheumatic heart disease (RHD) and N = 3 with myxomatous valve (MV) disease. APPROACH A portable, affordable, and accurate linear polarization-based diagnostic tool is developed to measure the degree of linear polarization (DOLP) of the myocardial tissues while working at a wavelength of 850 nm. RESULTS The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the polarimetric tool in distinguishing the control group from the RHD group were found to be 73.33%, 76.92%, and 75%, respectively, and from the MV group were 91.6%, 62.5%, and 80%, respectively, which demonstrates the efficacy of the polarimetric tool to distinguish the healthy myocardial tissues from diseased tissues. CONCLUSIONS We have successfully developed a polarimetric tool that can aid cardiologists in characterizing the myocardial tissues in conjunction with endomyocardial biopsy. This work should be followed up with experiments on a large cohort of control and diseased subjects. We intend to create and develop a probe to quantify the DOLP of in vivo heart tissue during surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Twinkle Bagha
- Indian Institute of Science, Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Arif Mohd. Kamal
- Indian Institute of Science, Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Uttam M. Pal
- Indian Institute of Science, Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- Indian Institute of Information Technology Design and Manufacturing, Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Hardik J. Pandya
- Indian Institute of Science, Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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3
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Multiphoton microscopy providing pathological-level quantification of myocardial fibrosis in transplanted human heart. Lasers Med Sci 2022; 37:2889-2898. [PMID: 35396621 PMCID: PMC9468057 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-022-03557-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Multiphoton microscopy (MPM), a high-resolution laser scanning technique, has been shown to provide detailed real-time information on fibrosis assessment in animal models. But the value of MPM in human histology, especially in heart tissue, has not been fully explored. We aimed to evaluate the association between myocardial fibrosis measured by MPM and that measured by histological staining in the transplanted human heart. One hundred and twenty samples of heart tissue were obtained from 20 patients consisting of 10 dilated cardiomyopathies (DCM) and 10 ischemic cardiomyopathies (ICM). MPM and picrosirius red staining were performed to quantify collagen volume fraction (CVF) in explanted hearts postoperatively. Cardiomyocyte and myocardial fibrosis could be clearly visualized by MPM. Although patients with ICM had significantly greater MPM-derived CVF than patients with DCM (25.33 ± 12.65 % vs. 19.82 ± 8.62 %, p = 0.006), there was a substantial overlap of CVF values between them. MPM-derived CVF was comparable to that derived from picrosirius red staining based on all samples (22.58 ± 11.13% vs. 21.19 ± 11.79%, p = 0.348), as well as in DCM samples and ICM samples. MPM-derived CVF was correlated strongly with the magnitude of staining-derived CVF in both all samples and DCM samples and ICM samples (r = 0.972, r = 0.963, r = 0.973, respectively; all p < 0.001). Intra- and inter-observer reproducibility for MPM-derived CVF and staining-derived CVF were 0.995, 0.989, 0.995, and 0.985, respectively. Our data demonstrated that MPM can provide a pathological-level assessment of myocardial microstructure in transplanted human heart.
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Morrison JL, Sorvina A, Darby JRT, Bader CA, Lock MC, Seed M, Kuchel T, Plush SE, Brooks DA. Label-free imaging of redox status and collagen deposition showing metabolic differences in the heart. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2018; 11:e201700242. [PMID: 29057578 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201700242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The heart has high metabolic demand to maintain function. The primary source of energy supply to support correct contractile muscle function differs between a fetus and an adult. In fetal life, ATP is primarily generated by glycolysis and lactate oxidation, whereas following birth, there is a shift towards a reliance on mitochondrial metabolism and fatty acid oxidation. This change in metabolic status is an adaptation to different fuel availability, oxygenation and growth patterns. In this study, we have employed 2-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy to define the relationship between two critical metabolic cofactors nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(P)H and flavin adenine dinucleotide, effectively utilizing a redox ratio to differentiate between the metabolic status in fetal (proliferative) and adult (quiescent/hypertrophic) hearts. Two-photon imaging was also used to visually confirm the known increase in collagen deposition in the adult heart. The changes observed were consistent with a hypertrophic growth profile and greater availability of fatty acids in the adult heart, compared to the proliferative fetal heart. Two-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy is therefore a convenient imaging technology that enables the monitoring of striated muscle architecture and the metabolic status of heart tissue. This imaging technology can potentially be employed to visualize cardiac and other muscle pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna L Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Alexandra Sorvina
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jack R T Darby
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Christie A Bader
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Mitchell C Lock
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Mike Seed
- The Hospital for Sick Kids, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tim Kuchel
- Preclinical Imaging and Research Laboratories, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sally E Plush
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Douglas A Brooks
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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5
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Sorvina A, Bader CA, Lock MC, Brooks DA, Morrison JL, Plush SE. Label-free imaging of healthy and infarcted fetal sheep hearts by two-photon microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2018; 11:e201600296. [PMID: 28464439 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201600296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Coronary heart disease is one of the largest causes of death worldwide, making this a significant health care issue. A critical problem for the adult human heart is that it does not undergo effective repair in response to damage, leaving patients with a poor prognosis. Unlike the adult, fetal hearts have the ability to repair after myocardial damage. Using two-photon microscopy, we have visualised the morphological and metabolic changes following myocardial infarction in sheep fetuses, to characterise response to cardiac injury in a mammalian model. Following myocardial infarction, fetal hearts showed no significant increase in collagen deposition in the region of the infarction, when compared to either the surrounding tissue or shams. In contrast, metabolic activity (i. e. NAD(P)H and FAD) was significantly reduced in the region of myocardial infarction, when compared to either the surrounding tissue or sham hearts. For comparison, we also imaged two hearts from preadolescent sheep (sham and myocardial infarction) and showed highly ordered collagen deposition with decreased metabolic activity within the infarcted area. Therefore, two-photon imaging had the capacity to image both morphological and metabolic changes in response to myocardial infarction and showed differences in the response with age. Picture: Two-photon imaging of myocardial infarction (b and d) enabled the visualisation of increased collagen (blue; Em=431 nm) and changes in other tissue autofluorescence (green; Em=489-606 nm) in fetal (a and b) and preadolescent (c and d) hearts, compared to shams (a and c). The excitation wavelength was 840 nm. Scale bars: 10 μm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Sorvina
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Christie A Bader
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Mitchell C Lock
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Douglas A Brooks
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Janna L Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Sally E Plush
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
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6
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Ahmad I, Gribble A, Ikram M, Pop M, Vitkin A. Polarimetric assessment of healthy and radiofrequency ablated porcine myocardial tissue. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2016; 9:750-9. [PMID: 26394151 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201500184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Radiofrequency (RF) ablation offers a potential treatment for cardiac arrhythmia, where properly titrated energy delivered at critical sites can destroy arrhythmogenic foci. The resulting ablation lesion typically consists of a core (coagulative necrosis) surrounded by a rim of mixed viable and non-viable cells. The extent of the RF lesion is difficult to delineate with current imaging techniques. Here, we explore polarization signatures of ten ex-vivo samples from untreated (n = 5) and RF ablated porcine hearts (n = 5), in backscattered geometry through Mueller matrix polarimetry. Significant differences (p < 0.01) in depolarization, ΔT , were observed between the healthy, RF ablated and rim regions. Linear retardance, δ, was significantly lower in the core and rim regions compared to healthy regions (p < 0.05). The results demonstrate a novel application of polarimetry, namely the characterization of RF ablation extent in myocardium, including the visualization of the important lesion rim region. White light photo (top) of porcine myocardium tissue with radiofrequency ablation lesion and corresponding depolarization map (bottom). Depolarization is useful for visualizing the lesion core and rim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iftikhar Ahmad
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Science (PIEAS), Nilore, 45650, Islamabad, Pakistan.
- Division of Biophysics and Bioimaging, Ontario Cancer Institute/University Health Network and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1L7, Canada.
| | - Adam Gribble
- Division of Biophysics and Bioimaging, Ontario Cancer Institute/University Health Network and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1L7, Canada.
| | - Masroor Ikram
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Science (PIEAS), Nilore, 45650, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mihaela Pop
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Alex Vitkin
- Division of Biophysics and Bioimaging, Ontario Cancer Institute/University Health Network and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2M9, Canada
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Garreta E, de Oñate L, Fernández-Santos ME, Oria R, Tarantino C, Climent AM, Marco A, Samitier M, Martínez E, Valls-Margarit M, Matesanz R, Taylor DA, Fernández-Avilés F, Izpisua Belmonte JC, Montserrat N. Myocardial commitment from human pluripotent stem cells: Rapid production of human heart grafts. Biomaterials 2016; 98:64-78. [PMID: 27179434 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Genome editing on human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) together with the development of protocols for organ decellularization opens the door to the generation of autologous bioartificial hearts. Here we sought to generate for the first time a fluorescent reporter human embryonic stem cell (hESC) line by means of Transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) to efficiently produce cardiomyocyte-like cells (CLCs) from hPSCs and repopulate decellularized human heart ventricles for heart engineering. In our hands, targeting myosin heavy chain locus (MYH6) with mCherry fluorescent reporter by TALEN technology in hESCs did not alter major pluripotent-related features, and allowed for the definition of a robust protocol for CLCs production also from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) in 14 days. hPSCs-derived CLCs (hPSCs-CLCs) were next used to recellularize acellular cardiac scaffolds. Electrophysiological responses encountered when hPSCs-CLCs were cultured on ventricular decellularized extracellular matrix (vdECM) correlated with significant increases in the levels of expression of different ion channels determinant for calcium homeostasis and heart contractile function. Overall, the approach described here allows for the rapid generation of human cardiac grafts from hPSCs, in a total of 24 days, providing a suitable platform for cardiac engineering and disease modeling in the human setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Garreta
- Pluripotent Stem Cells and Activation of Endogenous Tissue Programs for Organ Regeneration, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorena de Oñate
- Pluripotent Stem Cells and Activation of Endogenous Tissue Programs for Organ Regeneration, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain; Center of Regenerative Medicine in Barcelona (CMRB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Eugenia Fernández-Santos
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Cell Production Unit, Department of Cardiology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Roger Oria
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain; University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carolina Tarantino
- Pluripotent Stem Cells and Activation of Endogenous Tissue Programs for Organ Regeneration, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andreu M Climent
- Bioartifical Organs Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Marco
- Pluripotent Stem Cells and Activation of Endogenous Tissue Programs for Organ Regeneration, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Samitier
- Pluripotent Stem Cells and Activation of Endogenous Tissue Programs for Organ Regeneration, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Martínez
- Biomimetic Systems for Cell Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Valls-Margarit
- Biomimetic Systems for Cell Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Matesanz
- National Transplant Organization (ONT), Spanish Ministry of Health and Consumption, Spain
| | - Doris A Taylor
- Center for Cardiovascular Repair, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Regenerative Medicine Research, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Francisco Fernández-Avilés
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Cell Production Unit, Department of Cardiology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Nuria Montserrat
- Pluripotent Stem Cells and Activation of Endogenous Tissue Programs for Organ Regeneration, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain.
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Vogel M, Wingert A, Fink RHA, Hagl C, Ganikhanov F, Pfeffer CP. Enabling the detection of UV signal in multimodal nonlinear microscopy with catalogue lens components. J Microsc 2015; 260:62-72. [PMID: 26016390 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Using an optical system made from fused silica catalogue optical components, third-order nonlinear microscopy has been enabled on conventional Ti:sapphire laser-based multiphoton microscopy setups. The optical system is designed using two lens groups with straightforward adaptation to other microscope stands when one of the lens groups is exchanged. Within the theoretical design, the optical system collects and transmits light with wavelengths between the near ultraviolet and the near infrared from an object field of at least 1 mm in diameter within a resulting numerical aperture of up to 0.56. The numerical aperture can be controlled with a variable aperture stop between the two lens groups of the condenser. We demonstrate this new detection capability in third harmonic generation imaging experiments at the harmonic wavelength of ∼300 nm and in multimodal nonlinear optical imaging experiments using third-order sum frequency generation and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy so that the wavelengths of the detected signals range from ∼300 nm to ∼660 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Vogel
- Center for Nanoscale Systems, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A
| | - Axel Wingert
- Medical Biophysics Group, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rainer H A Fink
- Medical Biophysics Group, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Hagl
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet, Munchen, Germany
| | - Feruz Ganikhanov
- Department of Physics, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, U.S.A
| | - Christian P Pfeffer
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet, Munchen, Germany.,Department of Craniofacial and Developmental Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A
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Mostaço-Guidolin LB, Ko ACT, Wang F, Xiang B, Hewko M, Tian G, Major A, Shiomi M, Sowa MG. Collagen morphology and texture analysis: from statistics to classification. Sci Rep 2014; 3:2190. [PMID: 23846580 PMCID: PMC3709165 DOI: 10.1038/srep02190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study we present an image analysis methodology capable of quantifying morphological changes in tissue collagen fibril organization caused by pathological conditions. Texture analysis based on first-order statistics (FOS) and second-order statistics such as gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) was explored to extract second-harmonic generation (SHG) image features that are associated with the structural and biochemical changes of tissue collagen networks. Based on these extracted quantitative parameters, multi-group classification of SHG images was performed. With combined FOS and GLCM texture values, we achieved reliable classification of SHG collagen images acquired from atherosclerosis arteries with >90% accuracy, sensitivity and specificity. The proposed methodology can be applied to a wide range of conditions involving collagen re-modeling, such as in skin disorders, different types of fibrosis and muscular-skeletal diseases affecting ligaments and cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila B Mostaço-Guidolin
- National Research Council Canada, Medical Devices Portfolio 435 Ellice Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3B 1Y6
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Wang Z, Qin W, Shao Y, Ma S, Borg TK, Gao BZ. Pulse splitter-based nonlinear microscopy for live-cardiomyocyte imaging. PROCEEDINGS OF SPIE--THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR OPTICAL ENGINEERING 2014; 8948. [PMID: 25767692 DOI: 10.1117/12.2041845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy is a new imaging technique used in sarcomeric-addition studies. However, during the early stage of cell culture in which sarcomeric additions occur, the neonatal cardiomyocytes that we have been working with are very sensitive to photodamage, the resulting high rate of cell death prevents systematic study of sarcomeric addition using a conventional SHG system. To address this challenge, we introduced use of the pulse-splitter system developed by Na Ji et al. in our two photon excitation fluorescence (TPEF) and SHG hybrid microscope. The system dramatically reduced photodamage to neonatal cardiomyocytes in early stages of culture, greatly increasing cell viability. Thus continuous imaging of live cardiomyocytes was achieved with a stronger laser and for a longer period than has been reported in the literature. The pulse splitter-based TPEF-SHG microscope constructed in this study was demonstrated to be an ideal imaging system for sarcomeric addition-related investigations of neonatal cardiomyocytes in early stages of culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghai Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, COMSET, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29631, USA
| | - Wan Qin
- Department of Bioengineering, COMSET, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29631, USA
| | - Yonghong Shao
- Institute of Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, PR China
| | - Siyu Ma
- Department of Bioengineering, COMSET, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29631, USA
| | - Thomas K Borg
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Bruce Z Gao
- Department of Bioengineering, COMSET, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29631, USA
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Meyer T, Schmitt M, Dietzek B, Popp J. Accumulating advantages, reducing limitations: multimodal nonlinear imaging in biomedical sciences - the synergy of multiple contrast mechanisms. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2013; 6:887-904. [PMID: 24259267 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201300176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Multimodal nonlinear microscopy has matured during the past decades to one of the key imaging modalities in life science and biomedicine due to its unique capabilities of label-free visualization of tissue structure and chemical composition, high depth penetration, intrinsic 3D sectioning, diffraction limited resolution and low phototoxicity. This review briefly summarizes first recent advances in the field regarding the methodology, e.g., contrast mechanisms and signal characteristics used for contrast generation as well as novel image processing approaches. The second part deals with technologic developments emphasizing improvements in penetration depth, imaging speed, spatial resolution and nonlinear labeling strategies. The third part focuses on recent applications in life science fundamental research and biomedical diagnostics as well as future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Meyer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
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12
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Dhiman M, Wan X, Popov VL, Vargas G, Garg NJ. MnSODtg mice control myocardial inflammatory and oxidative stress and remodeling responses elicited in chronic Chagas disease. J Am Heart Assoc 2013; 2:e000302. [PMID: 24136392 PMCID: PMC3835234 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.113.000302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background We utilized genetically modified mice equipped with a variable capacity to scavenge mitochondrial and cellular reactive oxygen species to investigate the pathological significance of oxidative stress in Chagas disease. Methods and Results C57BL/6 mice (wild type, MnSODtg, MnSOD+/−, GPx1−/−) were infected with Trypanosoma cruzi and harvested during the chronic disease phase. Chronically infected mice exhibited a substantial increase in plasma levels of inflammatory markers (nitric oxide, myeloperoxidase), lactate dehydrogenase, and myocardial levels of inflammatory infiltrate and oxidative adducts (malondialdehyde, carbonyls, 3‐nitrotyrosine) in the order of wild type=MnSOD+/−>GPx1−/−>MnSODtg. Myocardial mitochondrial damage was pronounced and associated with a >50% decline in mitochondrial DNA content in chronically infected wild‐type and GPx1−/− mice. Imaging of intact heart for cardiomyocytes and collagen by the nonlinear optical microscopy techniques of multiphoton fluorescence/second harmonic generation showed a significant increase in collagen (>10‐fold) in chronically infected wild‐type mice, whereas GPx1−/− mice exhibited a basal increase in collagen that did not change during the chronic phase. Chronically infected MnSODtg mice exhibited a marginal decline in mitochondrial DNA content and no changes in collagen signal in the myocardium. P47phox−/− mice lacking phagocyte‐generated reactive oxygen species sustained a low level of myocardial oxidative stress and mitochondrial DNA damage in response to Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Yet chronically infected p47phox−/− mice exhibited increase in myocardial inflammatory and remodeling responses, similar to that noted in chronically infected wild‐type mice. Conclusions Inhibition of oxidative burst of phagocytes was not sufficient to prevent pathological cardiac remodeling in Chagas disease. Instead, enhancing the mitochondrial reactive oxygen species scavenging capacity was beneficial in controlling the inflammatory and oxidative pathology and the cardiac remodeling responses that are hallmarks of chronic Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monisha Dhiman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
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13
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Layden D, Ghosh N, Vitkin A. Quantitative Polarimetry for Tissue Characterization and Diagnosis. ADVANCED BIOPHOTONICS 2013. [DOI: 10.1201/b15256-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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14
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Botcherby EJ, Corbett A, Burton RAB, Smith CW, Bollensdorff C, Booth MJ, Kohl P, Wilson T, Bub G. Fast measurement of sarcomere length and cell orientation in Langendorff-perfused hearts using remote focusing microscopy. Circ Res 2013; 113:863-70. [PMID: 23899961 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.113.301704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Sarcomere length (SL) is a key indicator of cardiac mechanical function, but current imaging technologies are limited in their ability to unambiguously measure and characterize SL at the cell level in intact, living tissue. OBJECTIVE We developed a method for measuring SL and regional cell orientation using remote focusing microscopy, an emerging imaging modality that can capture light from arbitrary oblique planes within a sample. METHODS AND RESULTS We present a protocol that unambiguously and quickly determines cell orientation from user-selected areas in a field of view by imaging 2 oblique planes that share a common major axis with the cell. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the technique in establishing single-cell SL in Langendorff-perfused hearts loaded with the membrane dye di-4-ANEPPS. CONCLUSIONS Remote focusing microscopy can measure cell orientation in complex 2-photon data sets without capturing full z stacks. The technique allows rapid assessment of SL in healthy and diseased heart experimental preparations.
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15
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Sivaguru M, Eichorst JP, Durgam S, Fried GA, Stewart AA, Stewart MC. Imaging horse tendons using multimodal 2-photon microscopy. Methods 2013; 66:256-67. [PMID: 23871762 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2013.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 07/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Injuries and damage to tendons plague both human and equine athletes. At the site of injuries, various cells congregate to repair and re-structure the collagen. Treatments for collagen injury range from simple procedures such as icing and pharmaceutical treatments to more complex surgeries and the implantation of stem cells. Regardless of the treatment, the level of mechanical stimulation incurred by the recovering tendon is crucial. However, for a given tendon injury, it is not known precisely how much of a load should be applied for an effective recovery. Both too much and too little loading of the tendon could be detrimental during recovery. A mapping of the complex local environment imparted to any cell present at the site of a tendon injury may however, convey fundamental insights related to their decision making as a function of applied load. Therefore, fundamentally knowing how cells translate mechanical cues from their external environment into signals regulating their functions during repair is crucial to more effectively treat these types of injuries. In this paper, we studied systems of tendons with a variety of 2-photon-based imaging techniques to examine the local mechanical environment of cells in both normal and injured tendons. These tendons were chemically treated to instigate various extents of injury and in some cases, were injected with stem cells. The results related by each imaging technique distinguish with high contrast and resolution multiple morphologies of the cells' nuclei and the alignment of the collagen during injury. The incorporation of 2-photon FLIM into this study probed new features in the local environment of the nuclei that were not apparent with steady-state imaging. Overall, this paper focuses on horse tendon injury pattern and analysis with different 2-photon confocal modalities useful for wide variety of application in damaged tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayandi Sivaguru
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - John Paul Eichorst
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Sushmitha Durgam
- Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 2001 South Lincoln Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Glenn A Fried
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Allison A Stewart
- Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 2001 South Lincoln Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Matthew C Stewart
- Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 2001 South Lincoln Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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16
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Li W, Goldstein DR, Kreisel D. Intravital 2-photon imaging, leukocyte trafficking, and the beating heart. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2013; 23:287-93. [PMID: 23706535 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2013.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Revised: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Intravital two-photon microscopy allows for the analysis of single-cell dynamics within intact tissues. As it is well recognized that molecular cues that regulate leukocyte trafficking into inflammatory sites differ between various tissues, it is important to study organ-specific responses. Recently, intravital two-photon microscopy has been expanded to moving organs in the mouse such as beating hearts. Unlike previous experimental approaches to image cardiac tissue explants or isolated perfused heart preparations by two-photon microscopy, intravital imaging accounts for the mechanical force transmitted to vessels by the heartbeat and accurately assesses dynamic leukocyte behavior in the coronary vessels and myocardial tissue. Intravital two-photon imaging of beating hearts is a promising experimental tool that will help elucidate cellular and molecular immune processes that contribute to a variety of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Li
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, New Haven, CT, USA
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17
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Caorsi V, Toepfer C, Sikkel MB, Lyon AR, MacLeod K, Ferenczi MA. Non-linear optical microscopy sheds light on cardiovascular disease. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56136. [PMID: 23409139 PMCID: PMC3567079 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Many cardiac diseases have been associated with increased fibrosis and changes in the organization of fibrillar collagen. The degree of fibrosis is routinely analyzed with invasive histological and immunohistochemical methods, giving a limited and qualitative understanding of the tissue's morphological adaptation to disease. Our aim is to quantitatively evaluate the increase in fibrosis by three-dimensional imaging of the collagen network in the myocardium using the non-linear optical microscopy techniques Two-Photon Excitation microscopy (TPE) and Second Harmonic signal Generation (SHG). No sample staining is needed because numerous endogenous fluorophores are excited by a two-photon mechanism and highly non-centrosymmetric structures such as collagen generate strong second harmonic signals. We propose for the first time a 3D quantitative analysis to carefully evaluate the increased fibrosis in tissue from a rat model of heart failure post myocardial infarction. We show how to measure changes in fibrosis from the backward SHG (BSHG) alone, as only backward-propagating SHG is accessible for true in vivo applications. A 5-fold increase in collagen I fibrosis is detected in the remote surviving myocardium measured 20 weeks after infarction. The spatial distribution is also shown to change markedly, providing insight into the morphology of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Caorsi
- Molecular Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
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