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Canullo L, Donato A, Savadori P, Radovanovic S, Iacono R, Rakic M. Effect of argon plasma abutment activation on soft tissue healing: RCT with histological assessment. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2024; 26:226-236. [PMID: 37853303 DOI: 10.1111/cid.13286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the peri-implant soft tissue profiles between argon plasma treatment (PT) and non-treated (NPT) healing abutments by comparing clinical and histological parameters 2 months following abutment placement. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty participants were randomly assigned to argon-plasma treatment abutments group (PT) or non-treated abutments (NPT) group. Two months after healing abutment placement, soft peri-implant tissues and abutment were harvested, and histological and clinical parameters including plaque index, bleeding on probing, and keratinized mucosa diameter (KM) were assessed. Specialized stainings (hematoxylin-eosin and picrocirious red) coupled with immunohistochemistry (vimentin, collagen, and CK10) were performed to assess soft tissue inflammation and healing, and the collagen content keratinization. In addition to standard statistical methods, machine learning algorithms were applied for advanced soft tissue profiling between the test and control groups. RESULTS PT group showed lower plaque accumulation and inflammation grade (6.71% vs. 13.25%, respectively; p-value 0.02), and more advanced connective tissue healing and integration compared to NPT (31.77% vs. 23.3%, respectively; p = 0.009). In the control group, more expressed keratinization was found compared to the PT group, showing significantly higher CK10 (>47.5%). No differences in KM were found between the groups. SIGNIFICANCE PT seems to be a promising protocol for guided peri-implant soft tissue morphogenesis reducing plaque accumulation and inflammation, and stimulating collagen and soft tissue but without effects on epithelial tissues and keratinization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Canullo
- Department of Surgical Sciences (DISC), University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Paolo Savadori
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Maxillo-Facial Surgery and Dental Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Sandro Radovanovic
- Faculty of Organizational Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Roberta Iacono
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-facial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mia Rakic
- Facultad de Odontologia, Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases (ETEP) Research Group, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Yang Y, Wang Y, Wei S, Wang X, Zhang J. Effects and Mechanisms of Non-Thermal Plasma-Mediated ROS and Its Applications in Animal Husbandry and Biomedicine. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15889. [PMID: 37958872 PMCID: PMC10648079 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-thermal plasma (NTP) is an ionized gas composed of neutral and charged reactive species, electric fields, and ultraviolet radiation. NTP presents a relatively low discharge temperature because it is characterized by the fact that the temperature values of ions and neutral particles are much lower than that of electrons. Reactive species (atoms, radicals, ions, electrons) are produced in NTP and delivered to biological objects induce a set of biochemical processes in cells or tissues. NTP can mediate reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in an intensity- and time-dependent manner. ROS homeostasis plays an important role in animal health. Relatively low or physiological levels of ROS mediated by NTP promote cell proliferation and differentiation, while high or excessive levels of ROS mediated by NTP cause oxidative stress damage and even cell death. NTP treatment under appropriate conditions not only produces moderate levels of exogenous ROS directly and stimulates intracellular ROS generation, but also can regulate intracellular ROS levels indirectly, which affect the redox state in different cells and tissues of animals. However, the treatment condition of NTP need to be optimized and the potential mechanism of NTP-mediated ROS in different biological targets is still unclear. Over the past ten decades, interest in the application of NTP technology in biology and medical sciences has been rapidly growing. There is significant optimism that NTP can be developed for a wide range of applications such as wound healing, oral treatment, cancer therapy, and biomedical materials because of its safety, non-toxicity, and high efficiency. Moreover, the combined application of NTP with other methods is currently a hot research topic because of more effective effects on sterilization and anti-cancer abilities. Interestingly, NTP technology has presented great application potential in the animal husbandry field in recent years. However, the wide applications of NTP are related to different and complicated mechanisms, and whether NTP-mediated ROS play a critical role in its application need to be clarified. Therefore, this review mainly summarizes the effects of ROS on animal health, the mechanisms of NTP-mediated ROS levels through antioxidant clearance and ROS generation, and the potential applications of NTP-mediated ROS in animal growth and breeding, animal health, animal-derived food safety, and biomedical fields including would healing, oral treatment, cancer therapy, and biomaterials. This will provide a theoretical basis for promoting the healthy development of animal husbandry and the prevention and treatment of diseases in both animals and human beings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jiaojiao Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage and Herbivore, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.Y.); (Y.W.); (S.W.); (X.W.)
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Lee J, Cho S, Kim HE. Antimicrobial Effects of Non-Thermal Atmospheric Pressure Plasma on Oral Microcosm Biofilms. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2447. [PMID: 36767814 PMCID: PMC9915355 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We comparatively evaluated the antibacterial effects of non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma (NTAPP) on oral microcosm biofilms. Oral microcosm biofilms, which are derived from inoculation with human saliva, were cultured on 48 hydroxyapatite disks for 6 days. The prepared biofilms were divided into three different daily treatment groups: distilled water for 1 min, 0.12% chlorhexidine (CHX) for 1 min, and NTAPP for 5 min. Using a quantitative light-induced fluorescence-digital camera, the red fluorescence intensity of the biofilms was measured as red/green ratios (RatioR/G) before and after treatment. Total and aciduric bacteria were counted as colony-forming units. Using live/dead bacterial staining, bacterial viability was calculated as the RatioG/G+R. RatioR/G was approximately 0.91-fold lower in the NTAPP group than in the CHX group on day 1 of treatment (p = 0.001), and approximately 0.94-fold lower on both days 2 and 3 (p < 0.001). The number of total bacteria was higher in the NTAPP group than in the CHX group, but not significantly different. The number of aciduric bacteria was lowest in the CHX group (p < 0.001). However, bacterial viability was lowest in the NTAPP group. Restricted bacterial aggregation was observed in the NTAPP group. These findings suggest that NTAPP may more effectively reduce the pathogenicity of oral microcosm biofilms than 0.12% CHX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeon Lee
- Department of Health Science, Gachon University Graduate School of Public Health, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungbo Cho
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Eun Kim
- Department of Health Science, Gachon University Graduate School of Public Health, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Gachon University College of Health Science, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
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Canullo L, Rakic M, Corvino E, Burton M, Krumbeck JA, Chittoor Prem A, Ravidà A, Ignjatović N, Sculean A, Menini M, Pesce P. Effect of argon plasma pre-treatment of healing abutments on peri-implant microbiome and soft tissue integration: a proof-of-concept randomized study. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:27. [PMID: 36650477 PMCID: PMC9843976 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02729-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Biofilm-free implant surface is ultimate prerequisite for successful soft and bone tissue integration. Objective of the study was to estimate the effects of argon plasma healing abutment pre-treatment (PT) on peri-implant soft-tissue phenotype (PiSP), inflammation, plaque accumulation and the microbiome (PiM) between non-treated (NPT) and treated (PT) abutments following 3-months healing period. The hypothesis was that cell-conductive and antimicrobial properties of PT would yield optimal conditions for soft tissue integration. MATERIAL AND METHODS Two months following second-phase surgery, microbiological and clinical parameters were assessed around thirty-six healing abutments with two types of microtopography, smooth surface (MACHINED) and ultrathin threaded microsurface (ROUGH). A two level randomization schema was used to achieve equal distribution and abutments were randomly divided into rough and machined groups, and then divided into PT and NPT groups. PiM was assessed using next-generation DNA sequencing. RESULTS PiM bacterial composition was highly diverse already two months post-implantation, consisting of key-stone pathogens, early and late colonizers, while the mycobiome was less diverse. PT was associated with lower plaque accumulation and inflammation without significant impact on PiSP, while in NPT clinical parameters were increased and associated with periopathogens. NPT mostly harbored late colonizers, while PT exerted higher abundance of early colonizers suggesting less advanced plaque formation. Interaction analysis in PT demonstrated S. mitis co-occurrence with pro-healthy Rothia dentocariosa and co-exclusion with Parvimonas micra, Porphyromonas endodontalis and Prevotella oris. PiSP parameters were generally similar between the groups, but significant association between PiM and keratinized mucosa width was observed in both groups, with remarkably more expressed diversity in NPT compared to PT. PT resulted in significantly lower BOP and PI around rough and machined abutments, respectively, without specific effect on PiM and PiSP. CONCLUSIONS PT contributed to significantly the less advanced biofilm accumulation and inflammation without specific effects on PiSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Canullo
- grid.5734.50000 0001 0726 5157Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland ,grid.5606.50000 0001 2151 3065Department of Surgical Sciences (DISC), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mia Rakic
- grid.4795.f0000 0001 2157 7667ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Corvino
- grid.8404.80000 0004 1757 2304University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Burton
- Zymo Research Corporation, 17062 Murphy Ave, Irvine, CA 92614 USA
| | - Janina A. Krumbeck
- Zymo Research Corporation, 17062 Murphy Ave, Irvine, CA 92614 USA ,Pangea Laboratory, 14762 Bentley Cir., Tustin, CA 92780 USA
| | | | | | - Nenad Ignjatović
- grid.419857.60000 0001 2221 9722Institute of Technical Science of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Anton Sculean
- grid.5734.50000 0001 0726 5157Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Maria Menini
- grid.5606.50000 0001 2151 3065Department of Surgical Sciences (DISC), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paolo Pesce
- grid.5606.50000 0001 2151 3065Department of Surgical Sciences (DISC), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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Bekeschus S, Miebach L, Pommerening J, Clemen R, Witzke K. Biological Risk Assessment of Three Dental Composite Materials following Gas Plasma Exposure. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144519. [PMID: 35889393 PMCID: PMC9322037 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gas plasma is an approved technology that generates a plethora of reactive oxygen species, which are actively applied for chronic wound healing. Its particular antimicrobial action has spurred interest in other medical fields, such as periodontitis in dentistry. Recent work has indicated the possibility of performing gas plasma-mediated biofilm removal on teeth. Teeth frequently contain restoration materials for filling cavities, e.g., resin-based composites. However, it is unknown if such materials are altered upon gas plasma exposure. To this end, we generated a new in-house workflow for three commonly used resin-based composites following gas plasma treatment and incubated the material with human HaCaT keratinocytes in vitro. Cytotoxicity was investigated by metabolic activity analysis, flow cytometry, and quantitative high-content fluorescence imaging. The inflammatory consequences were assessed using quantitative analysis of 13 different chemokines and cytokines in the culture supernatants. Hydrogen peroxide served as the control condition. A modest but significant cytotoxic effect was observed in the metabolic activity and viability after plasma treatment for all three composites. This was only partially treatment time-dependent and the composites alone affected the cells to some extent, as evident by differential secretion profiles of VEGF, for example. Gas plasma composite modification markedly elevated the secretion of IL6, IL8, IL18, and CCL2, with the latter showing the highest correlation with treatment time (Pearson’s r > 0.95). Cell culture media incubated with gas plasma-treated composite chips and added to cells thereafter could not replicate the effects, pointing to the potential that surface modifications elicited the findings. In conclusion, our data suggest that gas plasma treatment modifies composite material surfaces to a certain extent, leading to measurable but overall modest biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander Bekeschus
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (L.M.); (J.P.); (R.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-3834-554-3948
| | - Lea Miebach
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (L.M.); (J.P.); (R.C.)
- Department of General, Vascular, Thoracic, and Visceral Surgery, Greifswald University Medical Center, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jonas Pommerening
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (L.M.); (J.P.); (R.C.)
- Department of Oral, Maxillofacial, and Plastic Surgery, Greifswald University Medical Center, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany;
| | - Ramona Clemen
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (L.M.); (J.P.); (R.C.)
| | - Katharina Witzke
- Department of Oral, Maxillofacial, and Plastic Surgery, Greifswald University Medical Center, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany;
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Hihara H, Izumita K, Iwatsu M, Sato T, Tagaino R, Shobara K, Shinohara Y, Hatakeyama T, Kayaba C, Sato M, Tokue A, Sugawara T, Ashino K, Ikeda K, Aida J, Sasaki K. Clinical Trial for Evaluating the Effectiveness and Safety of a New Dental Plaque Removal Device: Microscale Mist Unit. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11060825. [PMID: 35740231 PMCID: PMC9219637 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11060825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluates the effectiveness and safety of a microscale mist unit (MSM-UNIT) that sprays high-speed fine water droplets to remove dental plaque adhering to the oral mucosa (tongue and palate) and tooth surface. Fifteen patients who had difficulty self-managing sufficient oral care were included in this study. Effectiveness was evaluated for at least five patients' tongues, palate mucosas, and tooth surfaces, and safety evaluation was conducted at all three sites for all patients. Effectiveness was evaluated using the rate of degree of dental plaque removal. Safety was evaluated using a numerical rating scale (NRS) for pain and symptoms of inflammation. An operator who performed treatment and an evaluator who evaluated effectiveness and safety were designated. In addition, an image judgment committee judged effectiveness. Although evaluation of the tongue varied between the evaluators and the image judgment committee, the rates of degree for all plaque removal increased in all regions. In addition, low pain NRS results and minimal symptoms of inflammation were observed and within an acceptable range. The MSM-UNIT can be used effectively and safely for removing oral plaque not only from teeth, but also from the oral mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Hihara
- Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (M.I.); (T.S.); (R.T.); (K.S.); (Y.S.); (T.H.); (K.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-22-717-8369
| | - Kuniyuki Izumita
- Perioperative Oral Health Management, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan;
| | - Misato Iwatsu
- Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (M.I.); (T.S.); (R.T.); (K.S.); (Y.S.); (T.H.); (K.S.)
| | - Tomoya Sato
- Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (M.I.); (T.S.); (R.T.); (K.S.); (Y.S.); (T.H.); (K.S.)
| | - Ryo Tagaino
- Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (M.I.); (T.S.); (R.T.); (K.S.); (Y.S.); (T.H.); (K.S.)
- Perioperative Oral Health Management, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan;
| | - Kenta Shobara
- Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (M.I.); (T.S.); (R.T.); (K.S.); (Y.S.); (T.H.); (K.S.)
| | - Yuta Shinohara
- Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (M.I.); (T.S.); (R.T.); (K.S.); (Y.S.); (T.H.); (K.S.)
| | - Takanori Hatakeyama
- Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (M.I.); (T.S.); (R.T.); (K.S.); (Y.S.); (T.H.); (K.S.)
| | - Chie Kayaba
- Department of Development Promotion, Clinical Research, Innovation and Education Center, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan; (C.K.); (M.S.); (A.T.); (T.S.); (K.A.); (K.I.)
| | - Mariko Sato
- Department of Development Promotion, Clinical Research, Innovation and Education Center, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan; (C.K.); (M.S.); (A.T.); (T.S.); (K.A.); (K.I.)
| | - Ayako Tokue
- Department of Development Promotion, Clinical Research, Innovation and Education Center, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan; (C.K.); (M.S.); (A.T.); (T.S.); (K.A.); (K.I.)
| | - Tomoko Sugawara
- Department of Development Promotion, Clinical Research, Innovation and Education Center, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan; (C.K.); (M.S.); (A.T.); (T.S.); (K.A.); (K.I.)
| | - Kanamai Ashino
- Department of Development Promotion, Clinical Research, Innovation and Education Center, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan; (C.K.); (M.S.); (A.T.); (T.S.); (K.A.); (K.I.)
| | - Koji Ikeda
- Department of Development Promotion, Clinical Research, Innovation and Education Center, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan; (C.K.); (M.S.); (A.T.); (T.S.); (K.A.); (K.I.)
| | - Jun Aida
- Department of Oral Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan;
| | - Keiichi Sasaki
- Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (M.I.); (T.S.); (R.T.); (K.S.); (Y.S.); (T.H.); (K.S.)
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The In-Vitro Activity of a Cold Atmospheric Plasma Device Utilizing Ambient Air against Bacteria and Biofilms Associated with Periodontal or Peri-Implant Diseases. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11060752. [PMID: 35740158 PMCID: PMC9219831 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11060752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to its antimicrobial and healing-promoting effects, the application of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) appears to be a promising modality in various fields of general medicine and dentistry. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity of a handheld device utilizing ambient air for plasma generation. Suspensions of 11 oral bacteria (among them Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Parvimonas micra, Streptococcus gordonii, and Tannerella forsythia) were exposed to CAP for 10, 30, 60, and 120 s. Before and after treatment, colony forming unit (CFU) counts were determined. Then, 12-species biofilms were cultured on dentin and titanium specimens, and CAP was applied for 30, 60, and 120 s before quantifying CFU counts, biofilm mass, and metabolic activity. A reduction of ≥3 log10 CFU, was found for ten out of the eleven tested species at 30 s (except for T. forsythia) and for all species at 60 s. For biofilm grown on dentin and titanium specimens, the log10 reductions were 2.43 log10 CFU/specimen and by about 4 log10 CFU/specimen after 120 s of CAP. The CAP application did not reduce the biomass significantly, the metabolic activity of the biofilms on dentin and titanium decreased by 98% and 95% after 120 s of CAP. An application of 120 s of CAP had no cytotoxic effect on gingival fibroblasts and significantly increased the adhesion of gingival fibroblasts to the titanium surface. These results are promising and underline the potential of CAP for implementation in periodontal and peri-implantitis therapy.
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Characteristics of 2.45 GHz Surface-Wave-Sustained Argon Discharge for Bio-Medical Applications. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12030969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) applications in various fields, such as biology, medicine and agriculture, have significantly grown during recent years. Many new types of plasma sources operating at atmospheric pressure in open air were developed. In order to use such plasmas for the treatment of biological systems, plasma properties should fulfil strong requirements. One of the most important is the prevention from heating damage. That is why in many cases, the post-discharge region is used for treatment, but the short living particles in the active discharge zone and reactions with them are missed in that case. We use the active region of surface-wave-sustained argon plasma for biological systems treatment. The previous investigations showed good bactericidal, virucidal, seeds germination and decontamination effects at a short treatment time, but the discharge conditions for bio-medical applications need specific adjustment. A detailed theoretical and experimental investigation of the plasma characteristics and their possible optimization in order to meet the requirements for bio-medical applications are presented in this paper. The length of the plasma torch, the temperature at the treatment sample position and the microwave radiation there are estimated and optimized by the appropriate choice of discharge tube size, argon flow rate and microwave power.
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Efficiency of cold atmospheric plasma, cleaning powders and their combination for biofilm removal on two different titanium implant surfaces. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:3179-3187. [PMID: 34988694 PMCID: PMC8898218 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04300-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Biofilm removal is the decisive factor for the control of peri-implantitis. Cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAP) can become an effective aid due to its ability to destroy and to inactivate bacterial biofilm residues. This study evaluated the cleaning efficiency of CAP, and air-polishing with glycine (APG) or erythritol (APE) containing powders alone or in combination with CAP (APG + CAP, APE + CAP) on sandblasted/acid etched, and anodised titanium implant surface. Materials and methods On respective titanium discs, a 7-day ex vivo human biofilm was grown. Afterwards, the samples were treated with CAP, APG, APE, APG + CAP, and APE + CAP. Sterile and untreated biofilm discs were used for verification. Directly after treatment and after 5 days of incubation in medium at 37 °C, samples were prepared for examination by fluorescence microscopy. The relative biofilm fluorescence was measured for quantitative analyses. Results Air-polishing with or without CAP removed biofilms effectively. The combination of air-polishing with CAP showed the best cleaning results compared to single treatments, even on day 5. Immediately after treatment, APE + CAP showed insignificant higher cleansing efficiency than APG + CAP. Conclusions CAP supports mechanical cleansing and disinfection to remove and inactivate microbial biofilm on implant surfaces significantly. Here, the type of the powder was not important. The highest cleansing results were obtained on sandblasted/etched surfaces. Clinical relevance. Microbial residuals impede wound healing and re-osseointegration after peri-implantitis treatment. Air-polishing treatment removes biofilms very effectively, but not completely. In combination with CAP, microbial free surfaces can be achieved. The tested treatment regime offers an advantage during treatment of peri-implantitis.
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Hihara H, Tagaino R, Washio J, Laosuwan K, Wicaksono DP, Izumita K, Koide R, Takahashi N, Sasaki K. Effectiveness and safety of a new dental plaque removal device utilizing micro mist spray for removing oral biofilm in vitro. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:286. [PMID: 34088301 PMCID: PMC8176685 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01647-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Removal of oral biofilm from the oral mucosa is essential for preventing risk of respiratory and gastrointestinal infection in elderly people. Currently, no device is available which can remove oral biofilm from oral mucosa effectively and safely. Therefore, the effectiveness and safety of the Micro Scale Mist UNIT (MSM-UNIT), a newly developed dental plaque removal device utilizing high speed sprays of fine water droplets, were evaluated for biofilm removal, including the rate and surface roughness for simulated tooth surface and mucous membrane. Methods Simulated tooth and oral mucosa coated with an artificial biofilm of Streptococcus mutans were used for evaluation of effectiveness, with uncoated substrates as the controls. The MSM-UNIT and a conventional air ablation device were operated under recommended instructions. The effectiveness was evaluated from the rate of removal of the biofilm, and the safety was evaluated from the damage observed by scanning electron microscope and surface roughness. Results The biofilm removal rate of the MSM-UNIT was significantly higher than that of AIRFLOW. Little damage was observed in the area treated by the MSM-UNIT. The surface roughness of the MSM-UNIT treated area on simulated tooth surface and oral mucosa showed no significant difference to the control area. In contrast, cracks and powder were observed in the area treated by AIRFLOW. In particular, the surface roughness of the AIRFLOW treated area for Toughsilon was significantly larger than that of the control. Conclusions The MSM-UNIT could be used safely and effectively for removing biofilm not only on simulated tooth surfaces but also simulated mucous membrane. The MSM-UNIT has no harmful effect on teeth or oral mucosa, and may be used for comprehensive oral care for patients during nursing care and the perioperative period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Hihara
- Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Ryo Tagaino
- Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Jumpei Washio
- Division of Oral Ecology and Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kittipong Laosuwan
- Department of Oral Biology and Oral Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, T. Suthep, A. Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Dimas Prasetianto Wicaksono
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Universitas Airlangga, St. Mayjen Prof. Dr. Moestopo No. 47, Surabaya, 60132, Indonesia
| | - Kuniyuki Izumita
- Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Rie Koide
- Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Takahashi
- Division of Oral Ecology and Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Keiichi Sasaki
- Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
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11
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Hauss Monteiro DD, Limborço H, Porto RG, Moreira AN, Rodrigues WN, de Magalhães CS. Metallization and Ar-O plasma effects on dental enamel roughness evaluated with SEM and MeX™ for 3D reconstruction. Microsc Res Tech 2020; 83:597-603. [PMID: 31989736 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The MeX™ software is a useful tool for tridimensional data collection for surface evaluation and could be relevant to evaluate the same specimen in different phases of the study, assuming repeated measures of dental enamel roughness. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of sample metallization for dental enamel roughness analysis with 3D images reconstructed using MeX™ software from Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images. The influence of 74.98% (%mol/mol) argon-oxygen plasma for carbon layer removal on surface roughness of the metallized specimen was also evaluated. Dental enamel specimens were prepared for SEM analysis with and without carbon metallization using conventional or environmental modes. Argon-oxygen plasma for carbon layer removal was used and surface roughness was re-evaluated. Roughness obtained by SEM and MeX™ reconstructed images, with or without metallization, did not differ. No significant alteration on surface roughness after carbon layer removal using plasma was found. SEM baseline evaluation using conventional mode without sample preparation and in environmental mode were not comparable. Roughness of enamel 3D images reconstructed with MeX™ software from SEM images, with or without metallization was similar. The 74.98% (%mol/mol) argon-oxygen plasma removed the carbon layer with no effect on enamel roughness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Henrique Limborço
- Center of Microscopy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Guimarães Porto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Allyson Nogueira Moreira
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Cláudia Silami de Magalhães
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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12
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Jablonowski L, Kocher T, Schindler A, Müller K, Dombrowski F, von Woedtke T, Arnold T, Lehmann A, Rupf S, Evert M, Evert K. Side effects by oral application of atmospheric pressure plasma on the mucosa in mice. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215099. [PMID: 30964925 PMCID: PMC6456225 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAP) has been investigated with promising results for peri-implant diseases treatment. However, prior to in-vivo applications of CAP sources in humans, short-term harmful mucosal damage or other unwanted side effects have to be reviewed. 180 male mice (B6C3F1) were divided into twelve treatment groups (n = 15). The right buccal cheek mucosa was treated with CAP. The first and second group each received continuous 10 sec irradiation with 2 different plasma sources (kINPen09, PS-MWM). The third group was treated with the kINPen09 for one minute. Control groups were treated with a corresponding dose of ultraviolet light for 8 seconds or 48 seconds and the other one was left untreated. The animals were weighed before and after treatment. The animals were sacrificed one day or one week after exposure. Stained tissue samples were histologically examined for tissue damage independently by two experienced pathologists. One day after CAP treatment histological analysis showed focal mucosal erosion with superficial ulceration and necrosis accompanied by a mild inflammatory reaction. One week after CAP treatment, the mucosal defects were completely re-epithelialized, associated with remnants of granulation tissue in the stroma irrespective of treatment duration. Furthermore, no cytological atypia was found and no severe weight loss occurred. The control groups did not show any alterations at all. CAP treatment led to a superficial mucosal damage that healed within few days. Nonetheless, further long-term experiments are necessary to exclude undesirable side effects after longer observation time. Particularly, potential carcinogenic effects must be ruled out prior to the application of CAP treatment in daily dental practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Jablonowski
- Unit of Periodontology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, Preventive Dentistry and Pedodontics, Dental School, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Thomas Kocher
- Unit of Periodontology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, Preventive Dentistry and Pedodontics, Dental School, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Axel Schindler
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Leipzig, Germany
- Piloto Consulting Ion Beam and Plasma Technologies, Grimma, Germany
| | - Karolina Müller
- Center for Clinical Studies, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Frank Dombrowski
- Institute of Pathology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas von Woedtke
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology e.V. (INP Greifswald), Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas Arnold
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Leipzig, Germany
- Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Antje Lehmann
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Rupf
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Evert
- Institute of Pathology, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Katja Evert
- Institute of Pathology, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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13
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Carreiro AF, Delben JA, Guedes S, Silveira EJ, Janal MN, Vergani CE, Pushalkar S, Duarte S. Low‐temperature plasma on peri‐implant–related biofilm and gingival tissue. J Periodontol 2018; 90:507-515. [DOI: 10.1002/jper.18-0366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana F.P. Carreiro
- Department of DentistryFederal University of Rio Grande do Norte Natal Rio Grande do Norte Brazil
| | - Juliana A. Delben
- Department of DentistryState University of West of Parana Londrina Paraná Brazil
| | - Sarah Guedes
- Post‐Graduate Program in DentistryFederal University of Ceará Fortaleza Ceará Brazil
| | - Ericka J.D. Silveira
- Department of DentistryFederal University of Rio Grande do Norte Natal Rio Grande do Norte Brazil
| | - Malvin N. Janal
- Department of Epidemiology and Health PromotionCollege of DentistryNew York University New York NY USA
| | - Carlos Eduardo Vergani
- Department of Dental Materials and ProsthodonticsAraraquara Dental SchoolUNESP Araraquara São Paulo Brazil
| | - Smruti Pushalkar
- Department of Basic Sciences and Craniofacial BiologyNew York University College of Dentistry New York NY USA
| | - Simone Duarte
- Department of CariologyOperative Dentistry and Dental Public HealthIndiana University School of Dentistry Indianapolis IN USA
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14
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Generation and Role of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species Induced by Plasma, Lasers, Chemical Agents, and Other Systems in Dentistry. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:7542540. [PMID: 29204250 PMCID: PMC5674515 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7542540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) has been found to occur during inflammatory procedures, during cell ischemia, and in various crucial developmental processes such as cell differentiation and along cell signaling pathways. The most common sources of intracellular RONS are the mitochondrial electron transport system, NADH oxidase, and cytochrome P450. In this review, we analyzed the extracellular and intracellular sources of reactive species, their cell signaling pathways, the mechanisms of action, and their positive and negative effects in the dental field. In dentistry, ROS can be found—in lasers, photosensitizers, bleaching agents, cold plasma, and even resin cements, all of which contribute to the generation and prevalence of ROS. Nonthermal plasma has been used as a source of ROS for biomedical applications and has the potential for use with dental stem cells as well. There are different types of dental stem cells, but their therapeutic use remains largely untapped, with the focus currently on only periodontal ligament stem cells. More research is necessary in this area, including studies about ROS mechanisms with dental cells, along with the utilization of reactive species in redox medicine. Such studies will help to provide successful treatment modalities for various diseases.
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