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Galli R, Uckermann O. Vibrational spectroscopy and multiphoton microscopy for label-free visualization of nervous system degeneration and regeneration. Biophys Rev 2024; 16:219-235. [PMID: 38737209 PMCID: PMC11078905 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-023-01158-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders, including spinal cord injury, peripheral nerve injury, traumatic brain injury, and neurodegenerative diseases, pose significant challenges in terms of diagnosis, treatment, and understanding the underlying pathophysiological processes. Label-free multiphoton microscopy techniques, such as coherent Raman scattering, two-photon excited autofluorescence, and second and third harmonic generation microscopy, have emerged as powerful tools for visualizing nervous tissue with high resolution and without the need for exogenous labels. Coherent Raman scattering processes as well as third harmonic generation enable label-free visualization of myelin sheaths, while their combination with two-photon excited autofluorescence and second harmonic generation allows for a more comprehensive tissue visualization. They have shown promise in assessing the efficacy of therapeutic interventions and may have future applications in clinical diagnostics. In addition to multiphoton microscopy, vibrational spectroscopy methods such as infrared and Raman spectroscopy offer insights into the molecular signatures of injured nervous tissues and hold potential as diagnostic markers. This review summarizes the application of these label-free optical techniques in preclinical models and illustrates their potential in the diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders with a special focus on injury, degeneration, and regeneration. Furthermore, it addresses current advancements and challenges for bridging the gap between research findings and their practical applications in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Galli
- Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ortrud Uckermann
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Division of Medical Biology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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2
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Liu Y, Zhang H, Li X. Technologies for depth scanning in miniature optical imaging systems [Invited]. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:6542-6562. [PMID: 38420321 PMCID: PMC10898578 DOI: 10.1364/boe.507078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Biomedical optical imaging has found numerous clinical and research applications. For achieving 3D imaging, depth scanning presents the most significant challenge, particularly in miniature imaging devices. This paper reviews the state-of-art technologies for depth scanning in miniature optical imaging systems, which include two general approaches: 1) physically shifting part of or the entire imaging device to allow imaging at different depths and 2) optically changing the focus of the imaging optics. We mainly focus on the second group of methods, introducing a wide variety of tunable microlenses, covering the underlying physics, actuation mechanisms, and imaging performance. Representative applications in clinical and neuroscience research are briefly presented. Major challenges and future perspectives of depth/focus scanning technologies for biomedical optical imaging are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehan Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Haolin Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Xingde Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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3
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Stanciu SG, König K, Song YM, Wolf L, Charitidis CA, Bianchini P, Goetz M. Toward next-generation endoscopes integrating biomimetic video systems, nonlinear optical microscopy, and deep learning. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2023; 4:021307. [PMID: 38510341 PMCID: PMC10903409 DOI: 10.1063/5.0133027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, the proportion of the world's population over 60 years will approximately double by 2050. This progressive increase in the elderly population will lead to a dramatic growth of age-related diseases, resulting in tremendous pressure on the sustainability of healthcare systems globally. In this context, finding more efficient ways to address cancers, a set of diseases whose incidence is correlated with age, is of utmost importance. Prevention of cancers to decrease morbidity relies on the identification of precursor lesions before the onset of the disease, or at least diagnosis at an early stage. In this article, after briefly discussing some of the most prominent endoscopic approaches for gastric cancer diagnostics, we review relevant progress in three emerging technologies that have significant potential to play pivotal roles in next-generation endoscopy systems: biomimetic vision (with special focus on compound eye cameras), non-linear optical microscopies, and Deep Learning. Such systems are urgently needed to enhance the three major steps required for the successful diagnostics of gastrointestinal cancers: detection, characterization, and confirmation of suspicious lesions. In the final part, we discuss challenges that lie en route to translating these technologies to next-generation endoscopes that could enhance gastrointestinal imaging, and depict a possible configuration of a system capable of (i) biomimetic endoscopic vision enabling easier detection of lesions, (ii) label-free in vivo tissue characterization, and (iii) intelligently automated gastrointestinal cancer diagnostic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan G. Stanciu
- Center for Microscopy-Microanalysis and Information Processing, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | | | - Lior Wolf
- School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Costas A. Charitidis
- Research Lab of Advanced, Composite, Nano-Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Paolo Bianchini
- Nanoscopy and NIC@IIT, Italian Institute of Technology, Genoa, Italy
| | - Martin Goetz
- Medizinische Klinik IV-Gastroenterologie/Onkologie, Kliniken Böblingen, Klinikverbund Südwest, Böblingen, Germany
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Villarreal PP, Pal R, Qiu S, Coblens O, Villasante-Tezanos A, Resto V, McCammon S, Vargas G. Label-Free Imaging and Histo-Optical Evaluation of Head and Neck Cancers with Multiphoton Autofluorescence Microscopy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:1302. [PMID: 36831646 PMCID: PMC9953923 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Depth-resolved label-free optical imaging by the method of multiphoton autofluorescence microscopy (MPAM) may offer new ways to examine cellular and extracellular atypia associated with epithelial squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). MPAM was evaluated for its ability to identify cellular and microstructural atypia in head and neck tissues from resected discarded tumor tissue. Three-dimensional image volumes were obtained from tissues from the floor of the mouth, tongue, and larynx, and were then processed for histology. MPAM micrographs were evaluated for qualitative metrics of cell atypia and quantitative measures associated with nuclear pleomorphism. Statistical analyses correlated MPAM endpoints with histological grade from each imaged site. Cellular overcrowding, discohesion, anisonucleosis, and multinucleated cells, as observed through MPAM, were found to be statistically associated with dysplasia and SCC grading, but not in histologically benign regions. A quantitative measure of the coefficient of variance in nuclear size in SCC and dysplasia was statistically elevated above histologically benign regions. MPAM also allowed for the identification of cellular heterogeneity across transitional areas and other features, such as inflammatory infiltrates. In the future, MPAM could be evaluated for the non-invasive detection of neoplasia, possibly as an adjunct to traditional conventional examination and biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Patricia Villarreal
- The Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Rahul Pal
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Suimin Qiu
- Department of Pathology, Division of Surgical Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Orly Coblens
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Alejandro Villasante-Tezanos
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School for Public and Population Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Vicente Resto
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Susan McCammon
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery Oncology Division, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Gracie Vargas
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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Kučikas V, Werner MP, Schmitz-Rode T, Louradour F, van Zandvoort MAMJ. Two-Photon Endoscopy: State of the Art and Perspectives. Mol Imaging Biol 2023; 25:3-17. [PMID: 34779969 PMCID: PMC9971078 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-021-01665-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the demand for non-destructive deep-tissue imaging modalities has led to interest in multiphoton endoscopy. In contrast to bench top systems, multiphoton endoscopy enables subcellular resolution imaging in areas not reachable before. Several groups have recently presented their development towards the goal of producing user friendly plug and play system, which could be used in biological research and, potentially, clinical applications. We first present the technological challenges, prerequisites, and solutions in two-photon endoscopic systems. Secondly, we focus on the applications already found in literature. These applications mostly serve as a quality check of the built system, but do not answer a specific biomedical research question. Therefore, in the last part, we will describe our vision on the enormous potential applicability of adult two-photon endoscopic systems in biological and clinical research. We will thus bring forward the concept that two-photon endoscopy is a sine qua non in bringing this technique to the forefront in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vytautas Kučikas
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany. .,XLIM Research Institute, Limoges University, CNRS, Limoges, France.
| | - Maximilian P Werner
- Department of Biohybrid and Medical Textiles (BioTex), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmitz-Rode
- Department of Biohybrid and Medical Textiles (BioTex), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Marc A M J van Zandvoort
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases CARIM, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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Wu W, Liu Q, Brandt C, Tang S. Dual-wavelength multimodal multiphoton microscope with SMA-based depth scanning. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:2754-2771. [PMID: 35774327 PMCID: PMC9203102 DOI: 10.1364/boe.456390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We report on a multimodal multiphoton microscopy (MPM) system with depth scanning. The multimodal capability is realized by an Er-doped femtosecond fiber laser with dual output wavelengths of 1580 nm and 790 nm that are responsible for three-photon and two-photon excitation, respectively. A shape-memory-alloy (SMA) actuated miniaturized objective enables the depth scanning capability. Image stacks combined with two-photon excitation fluorescence (TPEF), second harmonic generation (SHG), and third harmonic generation (THG) signals have been acquired from animal, fungus, and plant tissue samples with a maximum depth range over 200 µm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Wu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, 5500-2332 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6 T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Qihao Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, 5500-2332 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6 T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Christoph Brandt
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, 5500-2332 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6 T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Shuo Tang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, 5500-2332 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6 T 1Z4, Canada
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Bishop KW, Maitland KC, Rajadhyaksha M, Liu JTC. In vivo microscopy as an adjunctive tool to guide detection, diagnosis, and treatment. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2022; 27:JBO-220032-PER. [PMID: 35478042 PMCID: PMC9043840 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.27.4.040601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE There have been numerous academic and commercial efforts to develop high-resolution in vivo microscopes for a variety of clinical use cases, including early disease detection and surgical guidance. While many high-profile studies, commercialized products, and publications have resulted from these efforts, mainstream clinical adoption has been relatively slow other than for a few clinical applications (e.g., dermatology). AIM Here, our goals are threefold: (1) to introduce and motivate the need for in vivo microscopy (IVM) as an adjunctive tool for clinical detection, diagnosis, and treatment, (2) to discuss the key translational challenges facing the field, and (3) to propose best practices and recommendations to facilitate clinical adoption. APPROACH We will provide concrete examples from various clinical domains, such as dermatology, oral/gastrointestinal oncology, and neurosurgery, to reinforce our observations and recommendations. RESULTS While the incremental improvement and optimization of IVM technologies should and will continue to occur, future translational efforts would benefit from the following: (1) integrating clinical and industry partners upfront to define and maintain a compelling value proposition, (2) identifying multimodal/multiscale imaging workflows, which are necessary for success in most clinical scenarios, and (3) developing effective artificial intelligence tools for clinical decision support, tempered by a realization that complete adoption of such tools will be slow. CONCLUSIONS The convergence of imaging modalities, academic-industry-clinician partnerships, and new computational capabilities has the potential to catalyze rapid progress and adoption of IVM in the next few decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin W. Bishop
- University of Washington, Department of Bioengineering, Seattle, Washington, United States
- University of Washington, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Kristen C. Maitland
- Texas A&M University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College Station, Texas, United States
| | - Milind Rajadhyaksha
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Dermatology Service, New York, New York, United States
| | - Jonathan T. C. Liu
- University of Washington, Department of Bioengineering, Seattle, Washington, United States
- University of Washington, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seattle, Washington, United States
- University of Washington, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Seattle, Washington, United States
- Address all correspondence to Jonathan T.C. Liu,
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Yang Z, Shang J, Liu C, Zhang J, Liang Y. Identification of oral precancerous and cancerous tissue by swept source optical coherence tomography. Lasers Surg Med 2021; 54:320-328. [PMID: 34342365 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Distinguishing cancer from precancerous lesions is critical and challenging in oral medicine. As a noninvasive method, optical coherence tomography (OCT) has the advantages of real-time, in vivo, and large-depth imaging. Texture information hidden in OCT images can provide an important auxiliary effect for improving diagnostic accuracy. The aim of this study is to explore a reliable and accurate OCT-based method for the screening and diagnosis of human oral diseases, especially oral cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fresh ex vivo oral tissues including normal mucosa, leukoplakia with epithelial hyperplasia (LEH), and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) were imaged intraoperatively by a homemade OCT system, and 58 texture features were extracted to create computational models of these tissues. A principal component analysis algorithm was employed to optimize the combination of texture feature vectors. The identification based on artificial neural network (ANN) was proposed and the sensitivity/specificity was calculated statistically to evaluate the classification performance. RESULTS A total of 71 sites of three types of oral tissues were measured, and 5176 OCT images of three types of oral tissues were used in this study. The superior classification result based on ANN was obtained with an average accuracy of 98.17%. The sensitivity and specificity of normal mucosa, LEH, and OSCC are 98.17% / 98.38%, 93.81% / 98.54%, and 98.11% / 99.04%, respectively. CONCLUSION It is demonstrated from the high accuracies, sensitivities, and specificities that texture-based analysis can be used to identify oral precancerous and cancerous tissue in OCT images, and it has the potential to help surgeons in diseases screening and diagnosis effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Yang
- Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianwei Shang
- Department of Oral Pathology, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, Hospital of Stomatology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenlu Liu
- Department of Oral Medicine, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, Hospital of Stomatology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, Hospital of Stomatology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanmei Liang
- Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
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Benboujja F, Hartnick C. Quantitative evaluation of the human vocal fold extracellular matrix using multiphoton microscopy and optical coherence tomography. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2440. [PMID: 33510352 PMCID: PMC7844040 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82157-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying distinct normal extracellular matrix (ECM) features from pathology is of the upmost clinical importance for laryngeal diagnostics and therapy. Despite remarkable histological contributions, our understanding of the vocal fold (VF) physiology remains murky. The emerging field of non-invasive 3D optical imaging may be well-suited to unravel the complexity of the VF microanatomy. This study focused on characterizing the entire VF ECM in length and depth with optical imaging. A quantitative morphometric evaluation of the human vocal fold lamina propria using two-photon excitation fluorescence (TPEF), second harmonic generation (SHG), and optical coherence tomography (OCT) was investigated. Fibrillar morphological features, such as fiber diameter, orientation, anisotropy, waviness and second-order statistics features were evaluated and compared according to their spatial distribution. The evidence acquired in this study suggests that the VF ECM is not a strict discrete three-layer structure as traditionally described but instead a continuous assembly of different fibrillar arrangement anchored by predominant collagen transitions zones. We demonstrated that the ECM composition is distinct and markedly thinned in the anterior one-third of itself, which may play a role in the development of some laryngeal diseases. We further examined and extracted the relationship between OCT and multiphoton imaging, promoting correspondences that could lead to accurate 3D mapping of the VF architecture in real-time during phonosurgeries. As miniaturization of optical probes is consistently improving, a clinical translation of OCT imaging and multiphoton imaging, with valuable qualitative and quantitative features, may have significant implications for treating voice disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fouzi Benboujja
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Christopher Hartnick
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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Xi G, Guo W, Kang D, Ma J, Fu F, Qiu L, Zheng L, He J, Fang N, Chen J, Li J, Zhuo S, Liao X, Tu H, Li L, Zhang Q, Wang C, Boppart SA, Chen J. Large-scale tumor-associated collagen signatures identify high-risk breast cancer patients. Theranostics 2021; 11:3229-3243. [PMID: 33537084 PMCID: PMC7847696 DOI: 10.7150/thno.55921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The notion of personalized medicine demands proper prognostic biomarkers to guide the optimal therapy for an invasive breast cancer patient. However, various risk prediction models based on conventional clinicopathological factors and emergent molecular assays have been frequently limited by either a low strength of prognosis or restricted applicability to specific types of patients. Therefore, there is a critical need to develop a strong and general prognosticator. Methods: We observed five large-scale tumor-associated collagen signatures (TACS4-8) obtained by multiphoton microscopy at the invasion front of the breast primary tumor, which contrasted with the three tumor-associated collagen signatures (TACS1-3) discovered by Keely and coworkers at a smaller scale. Highly concordant TACS1-8 classifications were obtained by three independent observers. Using the ridge regression analysis, we obtained a TACS-score for each patient based on the combined TACS1-8 and established a risk prediction model based on the TACS-score. In a blind fashion, consistent retrospective prognosis was obtained from 995 breast cancer patients in both a training cohort (n= 431) and an internal validation cohort (n = 300) collected from one clinical center, and in an external validation cohort (n = 264) collected from a different clinical center. Results: TACS1-8 model alone competed favorably with all reported models in predicting disease-free survival (AUC: 0.838, [0.800-0.872]; 0.827, [0.779-0.868]; 0.807, [0.754-0.853] in the three cohorts) and stratifying low- and high-risk patients (HR 7.032, [4.869-10.158]; 6.846, [4.370-10.726], 4.423, [2.917-6.708]). The combination of these factors with the TACS-score into a nomogram model further improved the prognosis (AUC: 0.865, [0.829-0.896]; 0.861, [0.816-0.898]; 0.854, [0.805-0.894]; HR 7.882, [5.487-11.323]; 9.176, [5.683-14.816], and 5.548, [3.705-8.307]). The nomogram identified 72 of 357 (~20%) patients with unsuccessful 5-year disease-free survival that might have been undertreated postoperatively. Conclusions: The risk prediction model based on TACS1-8 considerably outperforms the contextual clinical model and may thus convince pathologists to pursue a TACS-based breast cancer prognosis. Our methodology identifies a significant portion of patients susceptible to undertreatment (high-risk patients), in contrast to the multigene assays that often strive to mitigate overtreatment. The compatibility of our methodology with standard histology using traditional (non-tissue-microarray) formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue sections could simplify subsequent clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangqin Xi
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenhui Guo
- Breast Surgery Ward, Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Deyong Kang
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianli Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Fangmeng Fu
- Breast Surgery Ward, Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lida Qiu
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liqin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiajia He
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Na Fang
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Chen
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jingtong Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Shuangmu Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxia Liao
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA
| | - Haohua Tu
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA
| | - Lianhuang Li
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qingyuan Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Breast Surgery Ward, Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Stephen A. Boppart
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA
| | - Jianxin Chen
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
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Liang W, Park HC, Li K, Li A, Chen D, Guan H, Yue Y, Gau YTA, Bergles DE, Li MJ, Lu H, Li X. Throughput-Speed Product Augmentation for Scanning Fiber-Optic Two-Photon Endomicroscopy. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2020; 39:3779-3787. [PMID: 32746124 PMCID: PMC7773217 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2020.3005067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Compactness, among several others, is one unique and very attractive feature of a scanning fiber-optic two-photon endomicroscope. To increase the scanning area and the total number of resolvable pixels (i.e., the imaging throughput), it typically requires a longer cantilever which, however, leads to a much undesired, reduced scanning speed (and thus imaging frame rate). Herein we introduce a new design strategy for a fiber-optic scanning endomicroscope, where the overall numerical aperture (NA) or beam focusing power is distributed over two stages: 1) a mode-field focuser engineered at the tip of a double-clad fiber (DCF) cantilever to pre-amplify the single-mode core NA, and 2) a micro objective of a lower magnification (i.e., ∼ 2× in this design) to achieve final tight beam focusing. This new design enables either an ~9-fold increase in imaging area (throughput) or an ~3-fold improvement in imaging frame rate when compared to traditional fiber-optic endomicroscope designs. The performance of an as-designed endomicroscope of an enhanced throughput-speed product was demonstrated by two representative applications: (1) high-resolution imaging of an internal organ (i.e., mouse kidney) in vivo over a large field of view without using any fluorescent contrast agents, and (2) real-time neural imaging by visualizing dendritic calcium dynamics in vivo with sub-second temporal resolution in GCaMP6m-expressing mouse brain. This cascaded NA amplification strategy is universal and can be readily adapted to other types of fiber-optic scanners in compact linear or nonlinear endomicroscopes.
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Pal R, Villarreal P, Yu X, Qiu S, Vargas G. Multimodal widefield fluorescence imaging with nonlinear optical microscopy workflow for noninvasive oral epithelial neoplasia detection: a preclinical study. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2020; 25:JBO-200213R. [PMID: 33200597 PMCID: PMC7667429 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.25.11.116008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Early detection of epithelial cancers and precancers/neoplasia in the presence of benign lesions is challenging due to the lack of robust in vivo imaging and biopsy guidance techniques. Label-free nonlinear optical microscopy (NLOM) has shown promise for optical biopsy through the detection of cellular and extracellular signatures of neoplasia. Although in vivo microscopy techniques continue to be developed, the surface area imaged in microscopy is limited by the field of view. FDA-approved widefield fluorescence (WF) imaging systems that capture autofluorescence signatures of neoplasia provide molecular information at large fields of view, which may complement the cytologic and architectural information provided by NLOM. AIM A multimodal imaging approach with high-sensitivity WF and high-resolution NLOM was investigated to identify and distinguish image-based features of neoplasia from normal and benign lesions. APPROACH In vivo label-free WF imaging and NLOM was performed in preclinical hamster models of oral neoplasia and inflammation. Analyses of WF imaging, NLOM imaging, and dual modality (WF combined with NLOM) were performed. RESULTS WF imaging showed increased red-to-green autofluorescence ratio in neoplasia compared to inflammation and normal oral mucosa (p < 0.01). In vivo assessment of the mucosal tissue with NLOM revealed subsurface cytologic (nuclear pleomorphism) and architectural (remodeling of extracellular matrix) atypia in histologically confirmed neoplastic tissue, which were not observed in inflammation or normal mucosa. Univariate and multivariate statistical analysis of macroscopic and microscopic image-based features indicated improved performance (94% sensitivity and 97% specificity) of a multiscale approach over WF alone, even in the presence of benign lesions (inflammation), a common confounding factor in diagnostics. CONCLUSIONS A multimodal imaging approach integrating strengths from WF and NLOM may be beneficial in identifying oral neoplasia. Our study could guide future studies on human oral neoplasia to further evaluate merits and limitations of multimodal workflows and inform the development of multiscale clinical imaging systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Pal
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Paula Villarreal
- The University of Texas Medical Branch, Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences Group, Galveston, Texas, United States
- The University of Texas Medical Branch, Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, Galveston, Texas, United States
| | - Xiaoying Yu
- The University of Texas Medical Branch, Department of Preventive Medicine and Population Health, Galveston, Texas, United States
| | - Suimin Qiu
- The University of Texas Medical Branch, Department of Pathology, Galveston, Texas, United States
| | - Gracie Vargas
- The University of Texas Medical Branch, Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences Group, Galveston, Texas, United States
- The University of Texas Medical Branch, Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, Galveston, Texas, United States
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Wu S, Guo H, Horng H, Liu Y, Li H, Daneshpajouhnejad P, Rosenberg A, Albanese C, Ranjit S, Andrews PM, Levi M, Tang Q, Chen Y. Morphological and functional characteristics of aging kidneys based on two-photon microscopy in vivo. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2020; 13:e201900246. [PMID: 31688977 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201900246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Age-related kidney disease, which is chronic and naturally occurring, is a general term for a set of heterogeneous disorders affecting kidney structures and characterized by a decline in renal function. Age-related renal insufficiency has important implications with regard to body homeostasis, drug toxicity and renal transplantation. In our study, two-photon microscopy was used to image kidney morphological and functional characteristics in an age-related rat model in vivo. The changes in morphology are analyzed based on autofluorescence and Hoechst 33342 labeling in rats with different ages. Structural parameters including renal tubular diameter, cell nuclei density, size and shape are studied and compared with Hematoxylin and Eosin histological analysis. Functional characteristics, such as blood flow, and glomerular filtration rate are studied with high-molecular weight (MW) 500-kDa dextran-fluorescein and low-MW 10-kDa dextran-rhodamine. Results indicate that morphology changes significantly and functional characteristics deteriorate with age. These parameters are potential indicators for evaluating age-related renal morphology and function changes. Combined analyses of these parameters could provide a quantitative, novel method for monitoring kidney diseases and/or therapeutic effects of kidney drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulian Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonic Technology, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Hengchang Guo
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Hannah Horng
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Yi Liu
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Hui Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonic Technology, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
| | | | - Avi Rosenberg
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Christopher Albanese
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Suman Ranjit
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Peter M Andrews
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Moshe Levi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Qinggong Tang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma
| | - Yu Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonic Technology, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
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König TT, Goedeke J, Muensterer OJ. Multiphoton microscopy in surgical oncology- a systematic review and guide for clinical translatability. Surg Oncol 2019; 31:119-131. [PMID: 31654957 DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2019.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiphoton microscopy (MPM) facilitates three-dimensional, high-resolution functional imaging of unlabeled tissues in vivo and ex vivo. This systematic review discusses the diagnostic value, advantages and challenges in the practical use of MPM in surgical oncology. METHOD AND FINDINGS A Medline search was conducted in April 2019. Fifty-three original research papers investigating MPM compared to standard histology in human patients with solid tumors were identified. A qualitative synopsis and meta-analysis of 14 blinded studies was performed. Risk of bias and applicability were evaluated. MPM can image fresh, frozen or fixed tissues up to a depth 1000 μm in the z-plane. Best results including functional imaging and virtual histochemistry are obtained by in vivo imaging or scanning fresh tissue immediately after excision. Two-photon excited fluorescence by natural fluorophores of the cytoplasm and second harmonic generation signals by fluorophores of the extracellular matrix can be scanned simultaneously, providing high resolution optical histochemistry comparable to standard histology. Functional parameters like fluorescence lifetime imaging or optical redox ratio provide additional objective information. A major concern is inability to visualize the nucleus. However, in a subpopulation analysis of 440 specimens, MPM yielded a sensitivity of 94%, specificity of 96% and accuracy of 95% for the detection of malignant tissue. CONCLUSION MPM is a promising emerging technique in surgical oncology. Ex vivo imaging has high sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for the detection of tumor cells. For broad clinical application in vivo, technical challenges need to be resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan Goedeke
- Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Mainz, Germany
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