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Adolpho LF, Ribeiro LMS, Freitas GP, Lopes HB, Gomes MPO, Ferraz EP, Gimenes R, Beloti MM, Rosa AL. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Combined with a P(VDF-TrFE)/BaTiO 3 Scaffold and Photobiomodulation Therapy Enhance Bone Repair in Rat Calvarial Defects. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:306. [PMID: 37367270 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14060306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue engineering and cell therapy have been the focus of investigations on how to treat challenging bone defects. This study aimed to produce and characterize a P(VDF-TrFE)/BaTiO3 scaffold and evaluate the effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) combined with this scaffold and photobiomodulation (PBM) on bone repair. METHODS AND RESULTS P(VDF-TrFE)/BaTiO3 was synthesized using an electrospinning technique and presented physical and chemical properties suitable for bone tissue engineering. This scaffold was implanted in rat calvarial defects (unilateral, 5 mm in diameter) and, 2 weeks post-implantation, MSCs were locally injected into these defects (n = 12/group). Photobiomodulation was then applied immediately, and again 48 and 96 h post-injection. The μCT and histological analyses showed an increment in bone formation, which exhibited a positive correlation with the treatments combined with the scaffold, with MSCs and PBM inducing more bone repair, followed by the scaffold combined with PBM, the scaffold combined with MSCs, and finally the scaffold alone (ANOVA, p ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The P(VDF-TrFE)/BaTiO3 scaffold acted synergistically with MSCs and PBM to induce bone repair in rat calvarial defects. These findings emphasize the need to combine a range of techniques to regenerate large bone defects and provide avenues for further investigations on innovative tissue engineering approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Faustino Adolpho
- Bone Research Lab, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Gileade Pereira Freitas
- Bone Research Lab, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74605-020, GO, Brazil
| | - Helena Bacha Lopes
- Bone Research Lab, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Paula Oliveira Gomes
- Bone Research Lab, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil
| | - Emanuela Prado Ferraz
- Bone Research Lab, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil
| | - Rossano Gimenes
- Institute of Physics and Chemistry, University of Itajubá, Itajubá 37500-903, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcio Mateus Beloti
- Bone Research Lab, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil
| | - Adalberto Luiz Rosa
- Bone Research Lab, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil
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2
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Poorirani S, Taheri SL, Mostafavi SA. Scaffolds: a biomaterial engineering in targeted drug delivery for osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 2023; 34:255-267. [PMID: 36241849 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-022-06543-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is an increasingly common condition that causes low bone density, porous bone, and increased fracture risk. Treatments for osteoporosis are divided into two categories: (a) antiresorptive and (b) anabolic. To decrease side effects of drug and dosage level variations caused by several consecutive administrations, various drug delivery systems have been proposed. Among them, scaffolds are one of the drug delivery systems that led to drug impart with high loading and suitable efficiency to specific sites which retain active agents at acceptable therapeutic levels. The purpose of this review was to explain the role of scaffolds in targeted drug delivery to bone tissue for the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safoora Poorirani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar Jerib Street, Isfahan, 8174673461, Iran
| | - Sayed Latif Taheri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar Jerib Street, Isfahan, 8174673461, Iran
| | - Sayed Abolfazl Mostafavi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar Jerib Street, Isfahan, 8174673461, Iran.
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3
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Novel Techniques and Future Perspective for Investigating Critical-Size Bone Defects. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9040171. [PMID: 35447731 PMCID: PMC9027954 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9040171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A critical-size bone defect is a challenging clinical problem in which a gap between bone ends will not heal and will become a nonunion. The current treatment is to harvest and transplant an autologous bone graft to facilitate bone bridging. To develop less invasive but equally effective treatment options, one needs to first have a comprehensive understanding of the bone healing process. Therefore, it is imperative to leverage the most advanced technologies to elucidate the fundamental concepts of the bone healing process and develop innovative therapeutic strategies to bridge the nonunion gap. In this review, we first discuss the current animal models to study critical-size bone defects. Then, we focus on four novel analytic techniques and discuss their strengths and limitations. These four technologies are mass cytometry (CyTOF) for enhanced cellular analysis, imaging mass cytometry (IMC) for enhanced tissue special imaging, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) for detailed transcriptome analysis, and Luminex assays for comprehensive protein secretome analysis. With this new understanding of the healing of critical-size bone defects, novel methods of diagnosis and treatment will emerge.
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Prakobkarn J, Makeudom A, Jenvoraphot T, Supanchart C, Krisanaprakornkit S, Punyodom W, Daranarong D. Biphasic nanofibrous scaffolds based on collagen and
PLC
for controlled release
LL
‐37 in guided bone regeneration. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeeranan Prakobkarn
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
| | - Anupong Makeudom
- Center of Excellence in Oral and Maxillofacial Biology, Faculty of Dentistry Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
| | - Thannaphat Jenvoraphot
- Bioplastic Production Laboratory for Medical Application, Faculty of Science Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
| | - Chayarop Supanchart
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
| | - Suttichai Krisanaprakornkit
- Center of Excellence in Oral and Maxillofacial Biology, Faculty of Dentistry Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Science, Faculty of Dentistry Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
| | - Winita Punyodom
- Bioplastic Production Laboratory for Medical Application, Faculty of Science Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Materials Science and Technology Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
| | - Donraporn Daranarong
- Bioplastic Production Laboratory for Medical Application, Faculty of Science Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Materials Science and Technology Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
- Science and Technology Research Institute Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
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5
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Bone Morphogenetic Proteins, Carriers, and Animal Models in the Development of Novel Bone Regenerative Therapies. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14133513. [PMID: 34202501 PMCID: PMC8269575 DOI: 10.3390/ma14133513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) possess a unique ability to induce new bone formation. Numerous preclinical studies have been conducted to develop novel, BMP-based osteoinductive devices for the management of segmental bone defects and posterolateral spinal fusion (PLF). In these studies, BMPs were combined with a broad range of carriers (natural and synthetic polymers, inorganic materials, and their combinations) and tested in various models in mice, rats, rabbits, dogs, sheep, and non-human primates. In this review, we summarized bone regeneration strategies and animal models used for the initial, intermediate, and advanced evaluation of promising therapeutical solutions for new bone formation and repair. Moreover, in this review, we discuss basic aspects to be considered when planning animal experiments, including anatomical characteristics of the species used, appropriate BMP dosing, duration of the observation period, and sample size.
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Go EJ, Kang EY, Lee SK, Park S, Kim JH, Park W, Kim IH, Choi B, Han DK. An osteoconductive PLGA scaffold with bioactive β-TCP and anti-inflammatory Mg(OH) 2 to improve in vivo bone regeneration. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:937-948. [PMID: 31833498 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm01864f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) has been widely used as a biomaterial for pharmaceutical and medical applications. However, the decomposition products of PLGA are known to acidify the surrounding tissue of the implanted site, causing an inflammatory response. Previously, we developed PLGA/inorganic nanocomposites and optimized the amounts of inorganic compounds, β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and magnesium hydroxide [Mg(OH)2], in terms of osteogenesis of normal human osteoblasts and anti-inflammatory responses of preosteoclastic cells in vitro. In this study, the potential of the optimized PLGA/β-TCP/Mg(OH)2 nanocomposite (TCP/MH) to promote bone repair through osteoinductive, osteoconductive, and anti-inflammatory abilities was assessed using a bone defect in a rat humeral defect model. PLGA nanocomposites with or without inorganic compounds, PLGA, β-TCP, MH, and TCP/MH were prepared through one-step bulk modification using a twin-screw extruder. The resulting TCP/MH nanocomposite successfully enhanced the bone regeneration rate for allowing complete bone defect healing with significantly suppressed inflammatory responses. Taken together, the organic and inorganic bioactive nanocomposite developed in this study, TCP/MH, is a promising material in orthopedic implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jin Go
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13488, Republic of Korea.
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Hong SJ, Oh SH, Lee SL, Kim NH, Choe YH, Yim HJ, Lee JH. Bone regeneration by bone morphogenetic protein-2 from porous beads with leaf-stacked structure for critical-sized femur defect model in dogs. J Biomater Appl 2020; 34:1437-1448. [PMID: 32122178 DOI: 10.1177/0885328220910033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Jin Hong
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Heang Oh
- Department of nanobiomedical science, Dankook University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Lim Lee
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Hyun Kim
- Gyeongnam Department of Environment & Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Munsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Ho Choe
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Jun Yim
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Lee
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Veterinary medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
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8
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Sparks DS, Saifzadeh S, Savi FM, Dlaska CE, Berner A, Henkel J, Reichert JC, Wullschleger M, Ren J, Cipitria A, McGovern JA, Steck R, Wagels M, Woodruff MA, Schuetz MA, Hutmacher DW. A preclinical large-animal model for the assessment of critical-size load-bearing bone defect reconstruction. Nat Protoc 2020; 15:877-924. [PMID: 32060491 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-019-0271-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Critical-size bone defects, which require large-volume tissue reconstruction, remain a clinical challenge. Bone engineering has the potential to provide new treatment concepts, yet clinical translation requires anatomically and physiologically relevant preclinical models. The ovine critical-size long-bone defect model has been validated in numerous studies as a preclinical tool for evaluating both conventional and novel bone-engineering concepts. With sufficient training and experience in large-animal studies, it is a technically feasible procedure with a high level of reproducibility when appropriate preoperative and postoperative management protocols are followed. The model can be established by following a procedure that includes the following stages: (i) preoperative planning and preparation, (ii) the surgical approach, (iii) postoperative management, and (iv) postmortem analysis. Using this model, full results for peer-reviewed publication can be attained within 2 years. In this protocol, we comprehensively describe how to establish proficiency using the preclinical model for the evaluation of a range of bone defect reconstruction options.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Sparks
- Centre in Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Plastic & Reconswrapping a sterile Coban wrap around the limb distallytructive Surgery, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia.,Southside Clinical Division, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Siamak Saifzadeh
- Centre in Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia.,Medical Engineering Research Facility, Queensland UCoban wrap only comes non-sterile. Sterilize Coban wrap before use.niversity of Technology, Chermside, Queensland, Australia
| | - Flavia Medeiros Savi
- Centre in Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia.,ARC Centre for Additive Biomanufactthe mounting resin base cement. Use it only in a laboratory fume cabinet and withuring, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Constantin E Dlaska
- Centre in Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia.,Jamieson Trauma Institute, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Arne Berner
- Centre in Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jan Henkel
- Centre in Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Johannes C Reichert
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Musculoskeletal Research, König-Ludwig-Haus, Julius-Maximilians-University, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Evangelisches Waldkrankenhaus Spandau, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Wullschleger
- Jamieson Trauma Institute, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia.,Griffith University, School of Medicine, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jiongyu Ren
- Centre in Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Amaia Cipitria
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jacqui A McGovern
- Centre in Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Roland Steck
- Medical Engineering Research Facility, Queensland UCoban wrap only comes non-sterile. Sterilize Coban wrap before use.niversity of Technology, Chermside, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael Wagels
- Department of Plastic & Reconswrapping a sterile Coban wrap around the limb distallytructive Surgery, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia.,Southside Clinical Division, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia.,Australian Centre for Complex Integrated Surgical Solutions (ACCISS), Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Maria Ann Woodruff
- ARC Centre for Additive Biomanufactthe mounting resin base cement. Use it only in a laboratory fume cabinet and withuring, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia.,Biofabrication and Tissue Morphology Group, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael A Schuetz
- Centre in Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia.,Jamieson Trauma Institute, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Dietmar W Hutmacher
- Centre in Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia. .,ARC Centre for Additive Biomanufactthe mounting resin base cement. Use it only in a laboratory fume cabinet and withuring, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia.
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9
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Tabesh E, Kharaziha M, Mahmoudi M, Shahnam E, Rozbahani M. Biological and corrosion evaluation of Laponite®: Poly(caprolactone) nanocomposite coating for biomedical applications. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.123945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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10
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Vázquez N, Sánchez-Arévalo F, Maciel-Cerda A, Garnica-Palafox I, Ontiveros-Tlachi R, Chaires-Rosas C, Piñón-Zarate G, Herrera-Enríquez M, Hautefeuille M, Vera-Graziano R, Castell-Rodríguez A. Influence of the PLGA/gelatin ratio on the physical, chemical and biological properties of electrospun scaffolds for wound dressings. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 14:045006. [PMID: 30959495 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ab1741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Chronic wounds are a global health problem, and their treatments are difficult and long lasting. The development of medical devices through tissue engineering has been conducted to heal this type of wound. In this study, it was demonstrated that the combination of natural and synthetic polymers, such as poly (D-L lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) and gelatin (Ge), were useful for constructing scaffolds for wound healing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different PLGA/gelatin ratios (9:1, 7:3 and 5:5 (v/v)) on the physical, chemical and biological properties of electrospun scaffolds for wound dressings. These PLGA/Ge scaffolds had randomly oriented fibers with smooth surfaces and exhibited distances between fibers of less than 10 μm. The 7:3 and 5:5 PLGA/Ge scaffolds showed higher swelling, hydrophilicity and degradation rates than pure PLGA and 9:1 (v/v) PLGA/Ge scaffolds. Young's moduli of the scaffolds were 72 ± 10, 48 ± 6, 58 ± 6 and 6 ± 1 MPa for the pure PLGA scaffold and the 9:1, 7:3 and 5:5 (v/v) PLGA/Ge scaffolds, respectively. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) seeded on all the PLGA/Ge scaffolds were viable, and the cells were attached to the fibers at the different analyzed timepoints. The most significant proliferation rate was observed for cells on the 7:3 PLGA/Ge scaffolds. Biocompatibility analysis showed that all the scaffolds produced inflammation at the first week postimplantation; however, the 7:3 and 5:5 (v/v) PLGA/Ge scaffolds were degraded completely, and there was no inflammatory reaction observed at the fourth week after implantation. In contrast, the 9:1 PLGA/Ge scaffolds persisted in the tissue for more than four weeks; however, at the eighth week, no traces of the scaffolds were found. In conclusion, the scaffolds with the 7:3 PLGA/Ge ratio showed suitable physical, chemical and biological properties for applications in chronic wound treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Vázquez
- Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Ciudad de México, C.P. 04510, México
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11
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Duan W, Chen C, Haque M, Hayes D, Lopez MJ. Polymer-mineral scaffold augments in vivo equine multipotent stromal cell osteogenesis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018. [PMID: 29523214 PMCID: PMC5845133 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0790-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Use of bioscaffolds to direct osteogenic differentiation of adult multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) without exogenous proteins is a contemporary approach to bone regeneration. Identification of in vivo osteogenic contributions of exogenous MSCs on bioscaffolds after long-term implantation is vital to understanding cell persistence and effect duration. Methods This study was designed to quantify in vivo equine MSC osteogenesis on synthetic polymer scaffolds with distinct mineral combinations 9 weeks after implantation in a murine model. Cryopreserved, passage (P)1, equine bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMSC) and adipose tissue-derived MSCs (ASC) were culture expanded to P3 and immunophenotyped with flow cytometry. They were then loaded by spinner flask on to scaffolds composed of tricalcium phosphate (TCP)/hydroxyapatite (HA) (40:60; HT), polyethylene glycol (PEG)/poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA) (60:40; GA), or PEG/PLLA/TCP/HA (36:24:24:16; GT). Scaffolds with and without cells were maintained in static culture for up to 21 days or implanted subcutaneously in athymic mice that were radiographed every 3 weeks up to 9 weeks. In vitro cell viability and proliferation were determined. Explant composition (double-stranded (ds)DNA, collagen, sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG), protein), equine and murine osteogenic target gene expression, microcomputed tomography (μCT) mineralization, and light microscopic structure were assessed. Results The ASC and BMSC number increased significantly in HT constructs between 7 and 21 days of culture, and BMSCs increased similarly in GT constructs. Radiographic opacity increased with time in GT-BMSC constructs. Extracellular matrix (ECM) components and dsDNA increased significantly in GT compared to HT constructs. Equine and murine osteogenic gene expression was highest in BMSC constructs with mineral-containing scaffolds. The HT constructs with either cell type had the highest mineral deposition based on μCT. Regardless of composition, scaffolds with cells had more ECM than those without, and osteoid was apparent in all BMSC constructs. Conclusions In this study, both exogenous and host MSCs appear to contribute to in vivo osteogenesis. Addition of mineral to polymer scaffolds enhances equine MSC osteogenesis over polymer alone, but pure mineral scaffold provides superior osteogenic support. These results emphasize the need for bioscaffolds that provide customized osteogenic direction of both exo- and endogenous MSCs for the best regenerative potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Duan
- Laboratory for Equine and Comparative Orthopedic Research, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Cong Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Masudul Haque
- Laboratory for Equine and Comparative Orthopedic Research, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Daniel Hayes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Mandi J Lopez
- Laboratory for Equine and Comparative Orthopedic Research, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
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12
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The Role of Three-Dimensional Scaffolds in Treating Long Bone Defects: Evidence from Preclinical and Clinical Literature-A Systematic Review. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:8074178. [PMID: 28852649 PMCID: PMC5567443 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8074178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Long bone defects represent a clinical challenge. Bone tissue engineering (BTE) has been developed to overcome problems associated with conventional methods. The aim of this study was to assess the BTE strategies available in preclinical and clinical settings and the current evidence supporting this approach. A systematic literature screening was performed on PubMed database, searching for both preclinical (only on large animals) and clinical studies. The following string was used: "(Scaffold OR Implant) AND (Long bone defect OR segmental bone defect OR large bone defect OR bone loss defect)." The search retrieved a total of 1573 articles: 51 preclinical and 4 clinical studies were included. The great amount of preclinical papers published over the past few years showed promising findings in terms of radiological and histological evidence. Unfortunately, this in vivo situation is not reflected by a corresponding clinical impact, with few published papers, highly heterogeneous and with small patient populations. Several aspects should be further investigated to translate positive preclinical findings into clinical protocols: the identification of the best biomaterial, with both biological and biomechanical suitable properties, and the selection of the best choice between cells, GFs, or their combination through standardized models to be validated by randomized trials.
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Luo H, Zhang Y, Li G, Tu J, Yang Z, Xiong G, Wang Z, Huang Y, Wan Y. Sacrificial template method for the synthesis of three-dimensional nanofibrous 58S bioglass scaffold and its in vitro bioactivity and cell responses. J Biomater Appl 2017; 32:265-275. [PMID: 28618977 DOI: 10.1177/0885328217715784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional nanofibrous scaffolds that morphologically mimic natural extracellular matrices hold great promises in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine due to their increased cell attachment and differentiation compared with block structure. In this work, for the first time, three-dimensional porous nanofibrous 58S bioglass scaffolds have been fabricated using a sacrificial template method. During the process, a natural three-dimensional nanofibrous bacterial cellulose was used as the sacrificial template on which precursor 58S glass was deposited via a sol-gel route. SEM and TEM results verify that the as-prepared 58S scaffolds can inherit the three-dimensional nanofibrous feature of bacterial cellulose. Pore structure characterizations by nitrogen adsorption-desorption and mercury intrusion porosimetry demonstrate that the 58S scaffolds are highly porous with a porosity of 75.1% and contain both mesopores (39.4 nm) and macropores (60 µm) as well as large BET surface area (127.4 m2 g-1). In vitro cell studies suggest that the 58S scaffold is bioactive and biocompatible with primary mouse osteoblast cells, suggesting that the nanofibrous structure of 58S is able to provide an appropriate environment for cellular functioning. These results strongly suggest that the three-dimensional nanofibrous 58S scaffold has great potential for application in bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglin Luo
- 1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China Jiao Tong University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,2 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjn, None Selected, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- 1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China Jiao Tong University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Gen Li
- 1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China Jiao Tong University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Junpin Tu
- 1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China Jiao Tong University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhiwei Yang
- 1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China Jiao Tong University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Guangyao Xiong
- 1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China Jiao Tong University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zheren Wang
- 2 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjn, None Selected, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- 2 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjn, None Selected, China
| | - Yizao Wan
- 1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China Jiao Tong University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,2 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjn, None Selected, China
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14
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Wu D, Chen X, Chen T, Ding C, Wu W, Li J. Substrate-anchored and degradation-sensitive anti-inflammatory coatings for implant materials. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11105. [PMID: 26077243 PMCID: PMC4650647 DOI: 10.1038/srep11105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Implant materials need to be highly biocompatible to avoid inflammation in clinical practice. Although biodegradable polymeric implants can eliminate the need for a second surgical intervention to remove the implant materials, they may produce acidic degradation products in vivo and cause non-bacterial inflammation. Here we show the strategy of “substrate-anchored and degradation-sensitive coatings” for biodegradable implants. Using poly(lactic acid)/hydroxyapatite as an implant material model, we constructed a layer-by-layer coating using pH-sensitive star polymers and dendrimers loaded with an anti-inflammatory drug, which was immobilised through a hydroxyapatite-anchored layer. The multifunctional coating can effectively suppress the local inflammation caused by the degradation of implant materials for at least 8 weeks in vivo. Moreover, the substrate-anchored coating is able to modulate the degradation of the substrate in a more homogeneous manner. The “substrate-anchored and degradation-sensitive coating” strategy therefore exhibits potential for the design of various self-anti-inflammatory biodegradable implant materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Wu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xingyu Chen
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Tianchan Chen
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Chunmei Ding
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Wei Wu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jianshu Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.,State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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15
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Bigham-Sadegh A, Oryan A. Selection of animal models for pre-clinical strategies in evaluating the fracture healing, bone graft substitutes and bone tissue regeneration and engineering. Connect Tissue Res 2015; 56:175-94. [PMID: 25803622 DOI: 10.3109/03008207.2015.1027341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In vitro assays can be useful in determining biological mechanism and optimizing scaffold parameters, however translation of the in vitro results to clinics is generally hard. Animal experimentation is a better approximation than in vitro tests, and usage of animal models is often essential in extrapolating the experimental results and translating the information in a human clinical setting. In addition, usage of animal models to study fracture healing is useful to answer questions related to the most effective method to treat humans. There are several factors that should be considered when selecting an animal model. These include availability of the animal, cost, ease of handling and care, size of the animal, acceptability to society, resistance to surgery, infection and disease, biological properties analogous to humans, bone structure and composition, as well as bone modeling and remodeling characteristics. Animal experiments on bone healing have been conducted on small and large animals, including mice, rats, rabbits, dogs, pigs, goats and sheep. This review also describes the molecular events during various steps of fracture healing and explains different means of fracture healing evaluation including biomechanical, histopathological and radiological assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Bigham-Sadegh
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Shahrekord University , Shahrekord , Iran and
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16
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Han X, Wang D, Chen X, Lin H, Qu F. One-pot synthesis of macro-mesoporous bioactive glasses/polylactic acid for bone tissue engineering. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 43:367-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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17
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Lin CC, Fu SJ, Lin YC, Yang IK, Gu Y. Chitosan-coated electrospun PLA fibers for rapid mineralization of calcium phosphate. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 68:39-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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18
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Garg T, Goyal AK. Biomaterial-based scaffolds – current status and future directions. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2014; 11:767-89. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2014.891014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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19
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Chen PY, Hsieh HJ, Huang LLH. Shrinking mechanism of a porous collagen matrix immersed in solution. J Biomed Mater Res A 2014; 102:4581-9. [PMID: 24678021 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The porous structure of collagen-based matrices enables the infiltration of cells both in in vitro and clinical applications. Reconstituted porous collagen matrices often collapse when they are in contact with aqueous solutions; however, the mechanism for the collapse of the pores is not understood. We, therefore, investigated the interactions between the collagen matrix and different solutions, and discuss the mechanisms for the change in microstructure of the matrix on immersing it in solution. When a dried collagen matrix was immersed in aqueous solutions, the matrix shrunk and pores close to the surface closed. The shrinkage ratio and thickness of the compact microstructure close to the superficial area decreased with increasing ethanol content in the solution. The original porous structure of the collagen matrix was preserved when the matrix was immersed in absolute ethanol. The shrinkage of a porous collagen matrix in contact with aqueous solutions was attributed to the liquid/gas interfacial tension. The average pore diameter of the matrix also significantly affected the shrinkage of the matrix. The shrinkage of the matrix, explained using the Young-Laplace equation, was found to result from the pressure drop, and especially in the pores located superficially, leading to the collapse of the matrix microstructure. The integrity of the porous microstructure allows better penetration of cells in medical applications. The numbers of NIH/3T3 fibroblasts penetrated through the hydrated Col/PBS porous collagen matrices pre-immersed in absolute ethanol with subsequent water and DMEM culture medium replacements were significantly higher than those through matrices hydrated directly in DMEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yang Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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20
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Won JE, El-Fiqi A, Jegal SH, Han CM, Lee EJ, Knowles JC, Kim HW. Gelatin-apatite bone mimetic co-precipitates incorporated within biopolymer matrix to improve mechanical and biological properties useful for hard tissue repair. J Biomater Appl 2013; 28:1213-25. [PMID: 23985536 PMCID: PMC4107824 DOI: 10.1177/0885328213502100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic biopolymers are commonly used for the repair and regeneration of damaged
tissues. Specifically targeting bone, the composite approach of utilizing inorganic
components is considered promising in terms of improving mechanical and biological
properties. We developed gelatin-apatite co-precipitates which mimic the native bone
matrix composition within poly(lactide-co-caprolactone) (PLCL). Ionic
reaction of calcium and phosphate with gelatin molecules enabled the co-precipitate
formation of gelatin-apatite nanocrystals at varying ratios. The gelatin-apatite
precipitates formed were carbonated apatite in nature, and were homogeneously distributed
within the gelatin matrix. The incorporation of gelatin-apatite significantly improved the
mechanical properties, including tensile strength, elastic modulus and elongation at
break, and the improvement was more pronounced as the apatite content increased. Of note,
the tensile strength increased to as high as 45 MPa (a four-fold increase vs. PLCL), the
elastic modulus was increased up to 1500 MPa (a five-fold increase vs. PLCL), and the
elongation rate was ∼240% (twice vs. PLCL). These results support the strengthening role
of the gelatin-apatite precipitates within PLCL. The gelatin-apatite addition considerably
enhanced the water affinity and the acellular mineral-forming ability in vitro in
simulated body fluid; moreover, it stimulated cell proliferation and osteogenic
differentiation. Taken together, the GAp-PLCL nanocomposite composition is considered to
have excellent mechanical and biological properties, which hold great potential for use as
bone regenerative matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Eun Won
- 1Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
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21
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Saffarian Tousi N, Velten MF, Bishop TJ, Leong KK, Barkhordar NS, Marshall GW, Loomer PM, Aswath PB, Varanasi VG. Combinatorial effect of Si4+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ released from bioactive glasses on osteoblast osteocalcin expression and biomineralization. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2013; 33:2757-65. [PMID: 23623093 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2013.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Revised: 01/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Osteocalcin (OCN) expression is an essential osteogenic marker of successful bone regeneration therapies. This study hypothesizes that Si(4+) and Ca(2+) combinatorial released by bioactive glass enhance osteoblast biomineralization through up-regulation of OCN expression; and Mg(2+) release delays such enhancement. Osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1) were treated with ionic products of bioactive glass dissolution (6P53-b experimental bioactive glass and 45S5 commercial Bioglass™). Results showed that gene expressions, including OCN and its up-stream transcription factors (Runx2, ATF4, MSX1, SP7/OSX), growth factors and signaling proteins (BMP2, BMP6, SMAD3), were enhanced in both 45S5 and 6P53-b glass conditioned mediums (GCMs). This up-regulation led to enhanced mineral formation by 45S5 glass conditioned mediums ([GCM], Si(4+)+Ca(2+)) after 20 days, and by 45S5 GCM and 6P53-b GCM (Si(4+)+Ca(2+)+Mg(2+)) after 30 days. In examining the extracellular matrix generated by cells when exposed to each GCM, it was found that 45S5 GCM had slightly elevated levels of mineral content within ECM as compared to 6P53-b GCM after 30 days while control treatments exhibited no mineral content. The formation of well-defined mineralized nodules (distinct PO4(3-) [960 cm(-1)] and CO3(2-) [1072 cm(-1)] peaks from Raman Spectra) was observed for each GCM as the soluble glass content increased. In examining the individual and combined ion effects between Si(4+), Ca(2+), and Mg(2+), it was found Mg(2+) down-regulates OCN expression. Thus, ions released from both 45S5 and 6P53-b bioactive glasses up-regulate OCN expression and biomineralization while 6P53-b GCM Mg(2+) release down-regulated OCN expression and delayed osteoblast biomineralization. These results indicate that Si(4+), Ca(2+), and Mg(2+) combinatorially regulate osteoblast OCN expression and biomineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Saffarian Tousi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Dentistry, Texas A & M Health Science Center, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
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22
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Bodakhe S, Verma S, Garkhal K, Samal SK, Sharma SS, Kumar N. Injectable photocrosslinkable nanocomposite based on poly(glycerol sebacate) fumarate and hydroxyapatite: development, biocompatibility and bone regeneration in a rat calvarial bone defect model. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2013; 8:1777-95. [PMID: 23384697 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.12.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM An injectable, photocrosslinkable nanocomposite was prepared using a fumarate derivative of poly(glycerol sebacate) and nanohydroxyapatite. MATERIALS & METHODS Polymers with varying physical and mechanical properties were synthesized. Furthermore, nanocomposites were developed using a homogenization process by combining nanohydroxyapatite within poly(glycerol sebacate) matrix via photocrosslinking and evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS & DISCUSSION The nanocomposites were injectable, highly bioactive and biocompatible. Addition of nanohydroxyapatite led to enhanced mechanical properties with an ultimate strength of 8 MPa. The optimized nanocomposite showed good in vitro cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. The in vivo evaluation in a rat calvarial bone defect model showed significantly high alkaline phosphatase activity and bone regeneration. CONCLUSION This injectable, biocompatible and bioactive in situ hardening composite graft was found to be suitable for load-bearing bone regeneration applications using minimally invasive surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Bodakhe
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India
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23
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Chun KW, Cho KC, Kim SH, Jeong JH, Park TG. Controlled release of plasmid DNA from biodegradable scaffolds fabricated using a thermally-induced phase-separation method. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012; 15:1341-53. [PMID: 15648567 DOI: 10.1163/1568562042368103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Highly porous poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) scaffolds were fabricated by a thermally-induced phase-separation (TIPS) method to deliver plasmid DNA in a controlled manner. A variety of TIPS parameters directly affecting pore structures and their interconnectivities of the scaffold, such as polymer concentration, solvent/non-solvent ratio, quenching methods and annealing time, were systematically examined to explore their effects on sustained release behaviors of plasmid DNA. Plasmid DNA was directly loaded into the inner pore region of the scaffold during the TIPS process. By optimizing the parameters, PLGA scaffolds releasing plasmid DNA over 21 days were successfully fabricated. DNA release profiles were mainly affected by the pore structures and their interconnectivities of the scaffolds. Plasmid DNA released from the scaffolds fully maintained its structural integrity and showed comparable transfection efficiency to native plasmid DNA. These biodegradable polymeric scaffolds capable of sustained DNA release can be potentially applied for various tissue engineering purposes requiring a combined gene delivery strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Woo Chun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea
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24
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Zou B, Chen X, Zhi W, Liu Y, Cui W, Hu S, Li X. Promoted healing of femoral defects with in situ grown fibrous composites of hydroxyapatite and poly(DL-lactide). J Biomed Mater Res A 2012; 100:1407-18. [PMID: 22374826 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2011] [Revised: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Although, electrospun composite fibers have shown promise in enhancing growth, differentiation, and mineralization of osteoblasts in vitro, bone repairing capabilities have not been clarified after in vivo implantation up to now. In situ grown composites (IGC) of hydroxyapatite (HA) and poly(DL-lactide) (PDLLA) were obtained from electrospun fibers grafted with gelatin as the induction sites for HA growth. The presence and location of HA nanoparticles within electrospun fibers were proposed to affect the degradation and repairing process of femoral defects. Subcutaneous implantation of IGC led to around 90% of mass loss and 75% of molecular weight reduction during 16 weeks, which were significantly higher than those after in vitro degradation in buffer solutions. In vitro tests on MC3T3-E1 cells indicated that IGC acted as a better cell support to provide favorable conditions for cell proliferation and to stimulate the osteogenic differentiation as compared with electrospun PDLLA fibers, and blend electrospun fibrous composites. Femoral defects were created for in vivo evaluation of bone repairing, indicating that the entire defect was filled by newly formed bone with compact structure after 16 week implantation of IGC. Histological and SEM observations demonstrated a successful bridging of the critical-sized defect with rapid mineralization, continual remodeling, and abundant vasculature. The in situ grown HA nanoparticles on the surface of electrospun fibers improved the biocompatibility with defect sites, promoted the bone formation within fibrous scaffolds and enhanced the bone remodeling, indicating potentials for bone regeneration and repairing of bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, People's Republic of China
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25
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Azami M, Moosavifar MJ, Baheiraei N, Moztarzadeh F, Ai J. Preparation of a biomimetic nanocomposite scaffold for bone tissue engineering via mineralization of gelatin hydrogel and study of mineral transformation in simulated body fluid. J Biomed Mater Res A 2012; 100:1347-55. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2011] [Revised: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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26
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Pataquiva-Mateus AY, Wu HC, Lucchesi C, Ferraz MP, Monteiro FJ, Spector M. Supplementation of collagen scaffolds with SPARC to facilitate mineralization. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2012; 100:862-70. [PMID: 22279000 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.32650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2010] [Revised: 04/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix-associated protein, SPARC (Secreted Protein Acidic and Rich in Cysteine) is known to play a role in the mineralization of collagen in bone formation. The objectives of this study were to determine: 1) if SPARC supplementation of type 1 collagen scaffolds in vitro facilitated the binding of pre-formed HA nanoparticles added to the scaffolds; 2) if SPARC supplementation of the scaffolds enhanced the uptake of calcium and phosphorus from calcium phosphate solutions; and 3) if pretreatment in a calcium phosphate solution enhanced the subsequent binding of the nanoparticles. A related objective was to begin to determine the behavior of mesenchymal stem cells in the scaffolds when the constructs were grown in osteogenic medium. The calcium and phosphorus contents of the scaffolds were evaluated by inductively coupled plasma analysis, and the elastic modulus of the scaffolds determined by unconfined compression testing. Scaffolds were seeded with goat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and the cell-seeded constructs grown in osteogenic medium. Supplementation of the scaffolds with as little as 0.008 % SPARC (by wt. of collagen) resulted in an increase in the binding of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles to the scaffold, but had no effect on incorporation of calcium or phosphorus from a calcium phosphate solution. The incorporation of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles into the scaffolds did not result in an increase in modulus. Supplementation of the scaffolds with SPARC and the increase in the binding of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles did not affect the proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells.
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27
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Feng B, Hu D, Zhang Y. Accelerated Bone Regeneration by Chitosan/Nanometer Hydroxyapatite/Collagen Composite Incorporating BMP-7 Mimetic Peptide. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2012. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.21.481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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28
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Oh SH, Kim TH, Jang SH, Im GI, Lee JH. Hydrophilized 3D porous scaffold for effective plasmid DNA delivery. J Biomed Mater Res A 2011; 97:441-50. [PMID: 21484988 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.33079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Revised: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In this study, hydrophilic PLGA/Pluronic F127 scaffolds loaded with a pDNA/PEI-PEG complex were prepared to estimate their potential use as a polymeric matrix for pDNA delivery. The scaffold was fabricated by a novel precipitation/particulate leaching method. The prepared pDNA/PEI-PEG complex-loaded PLGA/Pluronic F127 scaffold exhibited a highly porous (porosity, 93-95%) and open pore structure, as well as hydrophilicity, which can provide the good environment for cell adhesion and growth. The pDNA/PEI-PEG complexes were efficiently loaded into the PLGA/Pluronic F127 scaffold and continuously released from the scaffolds up to ~90% of the initial loading amount over a period of 8 wk, which may lead to continuous gene transfection into human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMMSCs). From the in vitro cell culture in the scaffolds for transfection, it was observed that the pDNA/PEI-PEG complex-loaded hydrophilic PLGA/Pluronic F127 scaffold has a higher transfection efficiency of the pDNA/PEI-PEG complexes into hBMMSCs than the hydrophobic PLGA ones. The cell viability associated with the pDNA/PEI-PEG complexes released from the PLGA/Pluronic F127 scaffold was not significantly different from that of the PLGA/Pluronic F127 scaffold without pDNA, indicating its low cytotoxicity, probably due to the sustained release of the pDNA/PEI-PEG complex from the scaffolds. From these results, we could suggest that the pDNA/PEI-PEG complex-loaded hydrophilic PLGA/Pluronic F127 scaffold can be an effective gene delivery system for 3D tissue formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Heang Oh
- Department of Advanced Materials, Hannam University, 461-6 Jeonmin Dong, Yuseong Gu, Daejeon 305-811, Korea
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29
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Jegal SH, Park JH, Kim JH, Kim TH, Shin US, Kim TI, Kim HW. Functional composite nanofibers of poly(lactide-co-caprolactone) containing gelatin-apatite bone mimetic precipitate for bone regeneration. Acta Biomater 2011; 7:1609-17. [PMID: 21145435 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2010.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2010] [Revised: 10/28/2010] [Accepted: 12/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Functional nanofibrous materials composed of gelatin-apatite-poly(lactide-co-caprolactone) (PLCL) were produced using an electrospinning process. A gelatin-apatite precipitate, which mimicked bone extracellular matrix, was homogenized in an organic solvent using various concentrations of PLCL. A fibrous structure with approximate diameters of a few hundred nanometers was successfully generated. Apatite nanocrystallines were found to be effectively distributed within the polymeric matrix of the gelatin-PLCL. The addition of a small amount of gelatin-apatite into PLCL significantly improved the tensile strength of the nanofiber by a factor of 1.8. Moreover, tissue cell growth on the composite nanofiber was enhanced. Osteogenic differentiation of the cells was significantly stimulated by the composite nanofiber compared with the pure PLCL nanofiber. When implanted in a rat calvarium for 6weeks the composite nanofiber supported defect closure and new bone formation better than the pure PLCL nanofiber, as deduced from micro-computed tomography and histological analyses. Based on these results, the gelatin-apatite-PLCL composite nanofiber developed in this study is considered to be potentially useful as a bone tissue regeneration matrix.
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30
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Jacobson JA, Yanoso-Scholl L, Reynolds DG, Dadali T, Bradica G, Bukata S, Puzas EJ, Zuscik MJ, Rosier R, O'Keefe RJ, Schwarz EM, Awad HA. Teriparatide therapy and beta-tricalcium phosphate enhance scaffold reconstruction of mouse femoral defects. Tissue Eng Part A 2010; 17:389-98. [PMID: 20807012 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2010.0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the efficacy of endocrine parathyroid hormone treatment on tissue-engineered bone regeneration, massive femoral defects in C57Bl/6 mice were reconstructed with either 100:0 or 85:15 poly-lactic acid (PLA)/beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffolds (hereafter PLA or PLA/βTCP, respectively), which were fabricated with low porosity (<30%) to improve their structural rigidity. Experimental mice were treated starting at 1 week postop with daily subcutaneous injections of 40 μg/kg teriparatide until sacrifice at 9 weeks, whereas control mice underwent the same procedure but were injected with sterile saline. Bone regeneration was assessed longitudinally using planar X-ray and quantitative microcomputed tomography, and the reconstructed femurs were evaluated at 9 weeks either histologically or biomechanically to determine their torsional strength and rigidity. Teriparatide treatment increased bone volume and bone mineral content significantly at 6 weeks and led to enhanced trabeculated bone callus formation that appeared to surround and integrate with the scaffold, thereby establishing union by bridging bone regeneration across the segmental defect in 30% of the reconstructed femurs, regardless of the scaffold type. However, the bone volume and mineral content in the PLA reconstructed femurs treated with teriparatide was reduced at 9 weeks to control levels, but remained significantly increased in the PLA/βTCP scaffolds. Further, bridged teriparatide-treated femurs demonstrated a prototypical brittle bone torsion behavior, and were significantly stronger and stiffer than control specimens or treated specimens that failed to form bridging bone union. Taken together, these observations suggest that intermittent, systemic parathyroid hormone treatment can enhance bone regeneration in scaffold-reconstructed femoral defects, which can be further enhanced by mineralized (βTCP) particles within the scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin A Jacobson
- The Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
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31
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Xing Ma, Yunyu Hu, Rong Lv, Jun Wang, Xiaoming Wu, Yongnian Yan. Multilevel Posterior Lumbar Interlaminar Fusion in Rabbits Using Bovine Bone Protein Extract Delivered by a RP-synthesized 3D Biopolymer Construct. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2010. [DOI: 10.1177/0883911510377556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Rapid prototyping (RP)-based highly porous poly(DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid)/tricalcium phosphate (PLGA/TCP(RP)) scaffolds were fabricated. PLGA/TCP constructs (PLGA/TCP(TS)) were also made via thermally induced phase separation with solvent casting and by particulate leaching approach. Both scaffolds were loaded with bovine bone protein extract (BBPE). Sixty-four New Zealand white rabbits were randomized into four groups (groups of A, B, C, and D) and unilaterally underwent posterior lumbar interlaminar fusion at L2—L4 level. Spinal fusions were systematically evaluated. In groups of A (PLGA/TCP (RP)/BBPE constructs) and C (autogenous iliac bone grafts), good bone fusions occurred in vivo. Histological analyses indicated that endochondral ossification played an essential role in initiation of bone fusions in group A, whereas in group B (PLGA/TCP(TS)/BBPE constructs), few bone fusions were observed. In group D (PLGA/TCP(RP) scaffolds alone), the scaffolds were biocompatible and biodegradable; however, no newly formed bone mass or bone fusion was found. Twelve weeks after surgery, the fusion was significantly higher in groups of A and C compared with groups B and D (p<0.01). The PLGA/ TCP(RP)/BBPE biomaterials have potential as grafting substitutes for bone healing and spinal fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Ma
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China,
| | - Yunyu Hu
- Institute of Orthopaedic Surgery & Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032 PR China
| | - Rong Lv
- Institute of Orthopaedic Surgery & Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032 PR China
| | - Jun Wang
- Institute of Orthopaedic Surgery & Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032 PR China
| | - Xiaoming Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Yongnian Yan
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology Ministry of Education & Center of Organ Manufacturing Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084, PR China
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Yu NYC, Schindeler A, Little DG, Ruys AJ. Biodegradable poly(alpha-hydroxy acid) polymer scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2010; 93:285-95. [PMID: 20127987 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic graft materials are emerging as a viable alternative to autogenous bone graft and bone allograft for the treatment of critical-sized bone defects. These materials can be osteoconductive but are rarely intrinsically osteogenic, although this can be greatly enhanced by the application of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). This review will discuss the versatility of biodegradable poly(alpha-hydroxy acids) for the delivery of BMPs for bone tissue engineering. Poly(alpha-hydroxy acids) have a considerable potential for customization and adaptability via modification of design parameters, including scaffold architecture, composition, and biodegradability. Different fabrication techniques will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Y C Yu
- Biomedical Engineering, School of AMME J07, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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Harley BA, Lynn AK, Wissner-Gross Z, Bonfield W, Yannas IV, Gibson LJ. Design of a multiphase osteochondral scaffold. II. Fabrication of a mineralized collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffold. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 92:1066-77. [PMID: 19301274 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This paper is the second in a series of papers describing the design and development of an osteochondral scaffold using collagen-glycosaminoglycan and calcium phosphate technologies engineered for the regenerative repair of articular cartilage defects. The previous paper described a technology (concurrent mapping) for systematic variation and control of the chemical composition of triple coprecipitated collagen, glycosaminoglycan, and calcium phosphate (CGCaP) nanocomposites without using titrants. This paper describes (1) fabricating porous, three-dimensional scaffolds from the CGCaP suspensions, (2) characterizing the microstructure and mechanical properties of such scaffolds, and (3) modifying the calcium phosphate mineral phase. The methods build on the previously demonstrated ability to vary the composition of a CGCaP suspension (calcium phosphate mass fraction between 0 and 80 wt %) and enable the production of scaffolds whose pore architecture (mean pore size: 50-1000 microm), CaP phase chemistry (brushite, octacalcium phosphate, apatite) and crosslinking density (therefore mechanical properties and degradation rate) can be independently controlled. The scaffolds described in this paper combine the desirable biochemical properties and pore architecture of porous collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds with the strength and direct bone-bonding properties of calcium phosphate biomaterials in a manner that can be tailored to meet the demands of a range of applications in orthopedics and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan A Harley
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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Yang P, Wang C, Shi Z, Huang X, Dang X, Li X, Lin SF, Wang K. rhVEGF 165 delivered in a porous beta-tricalcium phosphate scaffold accelerates bridging of critical-sized defects in rabbit radii. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 92:626-40. [PMID: 19235222 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Segmental bone defects are a common obstacle in major orthopedic procedures, and the treatment of these defects remains a challenging clinical problem. Bone tissue engineering has been attracting much attention in recent years. We evaluated the ability of the specific combination of 3 microg rhVEGF(165) with a novel porous beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) scaffold coated with fibrin sealant (FS) to facilitate bone regeneration. Unilateral 15-mm long critical-sized defects were prepared in the radial diaphysis of rabbits and treated with rhVEGF(165)/FS/scaffold or FS/scaffold. Healing of the defects was assessed at 4, 8, and 12 weeks, radiologically, histologically, and biomechanically. The results of the study demonstrated that the critical-sized defects in the midshaft of the rabbit radius, treated with rhVEGF(165) incorporated in porous beta-TCP scaffold by FS, can be completely bridged by cortical bone in 12 weeks. The bone marrow space was also reformed histologically and radiologically at 12 weeks postsurgery in the rhVEGF(165)-treated group. Furthermore, biomechanical examination demonstrated that the segmental bone defects were not only radiologically and histologically repaired but were also mechanically repaired. Interestingly, none of the defects was completely repaired at 12 weeks following treatment with FS/scaffold without rhVEGF(165). A solution-driven process is likely the predominant mechanism of accelerating biodegradation of the beta-TCP scaffold in the presence of rhVEGF(165); furthermore, cell-mediated phagocytosis also contributes to biodegradation of the biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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Zhu L, Chuanchang D, Wei L, Yilin C, Jiasheng D. Enhanced healing of goat femur-defect using BMP7 gene-modified BMSCs and load-bearing tissue-engineered bone. J Orthop Res 2010; 28:412-8. [PMID: 19725097 DOI: 10.1002/jor.20973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Segmental defect regeneration is still a clinical challenge. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) infected with adenoviral vector containing the bone morphogenetic protein 7 gene (AdBMP7) and load-bearing to enhance bone regeneration in a critically sized femoral defect in the goat model. The defects were implanted with AdBMP7-infected BMSCs/coral (BMP7 group) or noninfected BMSCs/coral (control group), respectively, stabilized with an internal fixation rod and interlocking nails. Bridging of the segmental defects was evaluated by radiographs monthly, and confirmed by biomechanical tests. Much callus was found in the BMP7 group, and nails were taken off after 3 months of implantation, indicating that regenerated bone in the defect can be remodeled by load-bearing, whereas after 6 months in control group. After load-bearing, it is about 5 months; the mechanical property of newly formed bone in the BMP7 group was restored, but 8 months in control group. Our data suggested that the BMP7 gene-modified BMSCs and load-bearing can promote bone regeneration in segmental defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Zhu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, No. 639 Zhi Zhaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, P. R. China
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Nitzsche H, Lochmann A, Metz H, Hauser A, Syrowatka F, Hempel E, Müller T, Thurn-Albrecht T, Mäder K. Fabrication and characterization of a biomimetic composite scaffold for bone defect repair. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 94:298-307. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Shin SS, Park JW, Kim HM, Ko JS, Yun PY. A histomorphometric study on collagen-apatite composite as a graft material: the influence of gap size at the titanium-bone interface in animal model. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2009; 20:1893-1900. [PMID: 19347255 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-009-3742-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2008] [Accepted: 03/23/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the healing process of collagen-apatite composite (CAC) at the titanium-bone interface in animal model. Small gaps (0.5 or 1.0 mm-sized wells) were prepared in the epoxy-resin block implants coated with pure titanium. The gaps were filled with CAC or demineralized freeze-dried bone (DFDB). The titanium-coated epoxy-resin block implants were inserted in the tibia of rabbit for 4 weeks or 8 weeks. The microscopic features of bony healing process in the grafted gaps were examined and analyzed. In the histomorphometric analysis, CAC group showed higher fraction of newly-formed bone than DFDB group in both 0.5 and 1.0 mm gap subgroup at 4-week specimen (P < 0.05). In the transmission electron microscopic examinations, osteoblasts of the newly-formed bone of CAC group showed more cellular activity than that of DFDB group. From the results, it was expected that CAC had more beneficial property on early bony healing process than DFDB at the titanium-bone interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Soo Shin
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, Korea
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Nitzsche H, Metz H, Lochmann A, Bernstein A, Hause G, Groth T, Mäder K. Characterization of Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering by Benchtop-Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2009; 15:513-21. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2008.0488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hagen Nitzsche
- Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics Division, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Hendrik Metz
- Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics Division, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Alexander Lochmann
- Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics Division, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anke Bernstein
- Laboratory of Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedics, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Gerd Hause
- Microscopy Unit, Biocenter of the University, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Thomas Groth
- Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics Division, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Karsten Mäder
- Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics Division, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
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Chen FM, Shelton RM, Jin Y, Chapple ILC. Localized delivery of growth factors for periodontal tissue regeneration: role, strategies, and perspectives. Med Res Rev 2009; 29:472-513. [PMID: 19260070 DOI: 10.1002/med.20144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Difficulties associated with achieving predictable periodontal regeneration, means that novel techniques need to be developed in order to regenerate the extensive soft and hard tissue destruction that results from periodontitis. Localized delivery of growth factors to the periodontium is an emerging and versatile therapeutic approach, with the potential to become a powerful tool in future regenerative periodontal therapy. Optimized delivery regimes and well-defined release kinetics appear to be logical prerequisites for safe and efficacious clinical application of growth factors and to avoid unwanted side effects and toxicity. While adequate concentrations of growth factor(s) need to be appropriately localized, delivery vehicles are also expected to possess properties such as protein protection, precision in controlled release, biocompatibility and biodegradability, self-regulated therapeutic activity, potential for multiple delivery, and good cell/tissue penetration. Here, current knowledge, recent advances, and future possibilities of growth factor delivery strategies are outlined for periodontal regeneration. First, the role of those growth factors that have been implicated in the periodontal healing/regeneration process, general requirements for their delivery, and the different material types available are described. A detailed discussion follows of current strategies for the selection of devices for localized growth factor delivery, with particular emphasis placed upon their advantages and disadvantages and future prospects for ongoing studies in reconstructing the tooth supporting apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa-Ming Chen
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
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Synthesis and Characterizations of Hydroxyapatite-Poly(ether ether ketone) Nanocomposite: Acellular Simulated Body Fluid Conditioned Study. IFMBE PROCEEDINGS 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-92841-6_322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Reichert JC, Saifzadeh S, Wullschleger ME, Epari DR, Schütz MA, Duda GN, Schell H, van Griensven M, Redl H, Hutmacher DW. The challenge of establishing preclinical models for segmental bone defect research. Biomaterials 2009; 30:2149-63. [PMID: 19211141 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2008] [Accepted: 12/19/2008] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A considerable number of international research groups as well as commercial entities work on the development of new bone grafting materials, carriers, growth factors and specifically tissue-engineered constructs for bone regeneration. They are strongly interested in evaluating their concepts in highly reproducible large segmental defects in preclinical and large animal models. To allow comparison between different studies and their outcomes, it is essential that animal models, fixation devices, surgical procedures and methods of taking measurements are well standardized to produce reliable data pools and act as a base for further directions to orthopaedic and tissue engineering developments, specifically translation into the clinic. In this leading opinion paper, we aim to review and critically discuss the different large animal bone defect models reported in the literature. We conclude that most publications provide only rudimentary information on how to establish relevant preclinical segmental bone defects in large animals. Hence, we express our opinion on methodologies to establish preclinical critically sized, segmental bone defect models used in past research with reference to surgical techniques, fixation methods and postoperative management focusing on tibial fracture and segmental defect models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes C Reichert
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Qld 4059, Australia.
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Jao WC, Lin CH, Hsieh JY, Yeh YH, Liu CY, Yang MC. Effect of immobilization of polysaccharides on the biocompatibility of poly(butyleneadipate-co-terephthalate) films. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.1459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Intercalary segmental reconstruction after bone tumor resection. Eur J Surg Oncol 2008; 34:1271-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2007.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2007] [Accepted: 11/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Kim HW, Yu HS, Lee HH. Nanofibrous matrices of poly(lactic acid) and gelatin polymeric blends for the improvement of cellular responses. J Biomed Mater Res A 2008; 87:25-32. [PMID: 18080298 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Substrates with a nanofibrous morphology are considered as a prospective matrix to populate and support cells in the tissue regeneration area. Although the nanofibers made of synthetic degradable polymers, including poly(lactic acid) (PLA), have been well studied, their poor cell affinity has restricted wider applications. Herein, we produced blending nanofibers made of PLA and gelatin to improve the cellular responses of PLA. For this, both PLA and gelatin were dissolved in an organic solvent, varying the compositions of PLA:gelatin at 1:3 and 1:1 by weight, and the solutions were electrospun into nanofibers. At all compositions, nanofibers could be successfully generated with diameters of approximately hundreds of nanometers. The addition of gelatin into PLA markedly improved the wettability of the nanofibrous substrate. The osteoblastic cells attached and spread well on all the blending nanofibers and pure PLA. In particular, the cellular growth was significantly higher on the gelatin-blended PLA than on the pure PLA nanofiber. On the basis of this study, the PLA/gelatin blending polymeric nanofibers are considered to be useful as a bone cell supporting matrix in the tissue regeneration area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Won Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science, School of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Korea.
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Matsumoto G, Omi Y, Kubota E, Ozono S, Tsuzuki H, Kinoshita Y, Yamamoto M, Tabata Y. Enhanced regeneration of critical bone defects using a biodegradable gelatin sponge and beta-tricalcium phosphate with bone morphogenetic protein-2. J Biomater Appl 2008; 24:327-42. [PMID: 18987021 DOI: 10.1177/0885328208096523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We examine the osteogenicity of a sponge biomaterial consisting of a biodegradable mixture of gelatin and beta-tricalcium phosphate (betaTCP) that bound bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) in critical-sized bone defects in rats. Gelatin-betaTCP sponges containing either phosphate buffered saline or incorporating BMP-2 are implanted into 5 mm diameter bone defects created in rat mandibles. We assess the defects biweekly for 8 weeks following implantation. There is significantly higher osteoinductive activity and significantly more Gla-osteocalcin content at bone-defect healing sites treated with gelatin-betaTCP sponges incorporating BMP-2 than there is in those treated with sponges that did not contain BMP-2. Histologically, new bone that contains bone marrow and that is connected to the original bone almost entirely replaces the regenerated bone. These results show that biodegradable gelatin-betaTCP incorporating BMP-2 is osteogenic enough to promote healing in large bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goichi Matsumoto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kanagawa Dental College 82 Inaoka, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238-8580, Japan.
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Yu D, Li Q, Mu X, Chang T, Xiong Z. Bone regeneration of critical calvarial defect in goat model by PLGA/TCP/rhBMP-2 scaffolds prepared by low-temperature rapid-prototyping technology. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2008; 37:929-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2008.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2007] [Revised: 03/03/2008] [Accepted: 07/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Kretlow JD, Mikos AG. Review: Mineralization of Synthetic Polymer Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 13:927-38. [PMID: 17430090 DOI: 10.1089/ten.2006.0394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
It has repeatedly been shown that demineralization improves the ability of bone auto- and allografts to regenerate natural bone tissue. Conversely, much work in the field of bone tissue engineering has used composite materials consisting of a mineralized phase or materials designed to mineralize rapidly in situ. In this review, we seek to examine these disparate roles of mineralization and the underlying factors that cause this discordance and to examine methods and principles of the mineralization of synthetic polymer scaffolds. Biomimetic approaches to mineralization and phosphorus-containing materials are highlighted, and a brief section focusing on drug-delivery strategies using mineralized scaffolds is included.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Kretlow
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA
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Arpornmaeklong P, Suwatwirote N, Pripatnanont P, Oungbho K. Growth and differentiation of mouse osteoblasts on chitosan–collagen sponges. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2007; 36:328-37. [PMID: 17223012 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2006.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2004] [Revised: 05/30/2006] [Accepted: 09/28/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of collagen on the microstructure and biocompatibility of chitosan-collagen composite sponges fabricated by a freezing and drying technique. The study was categorized into four groups: Group I: collagen; Group II: chitosan; Group III: 1:1 (by wt) chitosan-collagen and Group IV: 1:2 (by wt) chitosan-collagen sponges. A mouse osteoblast cell line, MC3T3-E1, was cultivated on the sponges in a mineralized culture medium for 21 days. Microstructure of scaffolds and growth of cells on the sponges were examined using scanning electron and confocal laser scanning electron microscopes. Pore size was analysed from scanning electron microscope images using Image-Pro Plus image analysis software. Cell viability (MTT assay), alkaline phosphatase activity and levels of osteocalcin and calcium were monitored every 3 days and on days 15 and 21, respectively. It was found that the sponges were porous with average pore sizes of 80-100 microm. A combination of chitosan and collagen matrixes created a well defined porous microstructure and biocompatible scaffolds. Chitosan-collagen composite sponges promoted growth and differentiation of osteoblasts into the mature stage. To optimize application of the composite sponges in bone regeneration, the fabrication process must be improved to increase the pore size of the scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Arpornmaeklong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90112 Songkhla, Thailand.
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Yu DG, Jou CH, Lin WC, Yang MC. Surface modification of poly(tetramethylene adipate-co-terephthalate) membrane via layer-by-layer assembly of chitosan and dextran sulfate polyelectrolyte multiplayer. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2007; 54:222-9. [PMID: 17174535 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2006.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2006] [Revised: 09/29/2006] [Accepted: 10/21/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The improvement of hydrophilicity and hemocompatibility of poly(tetramethylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PTAT) membrane was developed via polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) immobilization. The polysaccharide PEMs included chitosan (CS, as a positive-charged and antibacterial agent) and dextran sulfate (DS, as a negative-charged and anti-adhesive agent) were successfully prepared using the aminolyzed PTAT membrane in a layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly manner. The obtained results showed that the contact angle of as-modified PTAT membranes reached to the steady value after four bilayers of coating, hence suggesting that the full coverage was achieved. It could be found that the PTAT-PEMs membranes with DS as the outmost layer could resist the platelet adhesion and human plasma fibrinogen (HPF) adsorption, thereby prolonging effectively the blood coagulation times. According to L929 fibroblast cell growth inhibition index, the as-prepared PTAT membranes exhibited non-cytotoxic. Overall results demonstrated that such an easy, valid and shape-independent processing should be potential for surface modification of PTAT membrane in the application of hemodialysis devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Guang Yu
- Department of Textile Science, Nanya Institute of Technology, Chung-Li, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.
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