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Hossain MT, Shahid MA, Mahmud N, Habib A, Rana MM, Khan SA, Hossain MD. Research and application of polypropylene: a review. DISCOVER NANO 2024; 19:2. [PMID: 38168725 PMCID: PMC10761633 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-023-03952-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Polypropylene (PP) is a versatile polymer with numerous applications that has undergone substantial changes in recent years, focusing on the demand for next-generation polymers. This article provides a comprehensive review of recent research in PP and its advanced functional applications. The chronological development and fundamentals of PP are mentioned. Notably, the incorporation of nanomaterial like graphene, MXene, nano-clay, borophane, silver nanoparticles, etc., with PP for advanced applications has been tabulated with their key features and challenges. The article also conducts a detailed analysis of advancements and research gaps within three key forms of PP: fiber, membrane, and matrix. The versatile applications of PP across sectors like biomedical, automotive, aerospace, and air/water filtration are highlighted. However, challenges such as limited UV resistance, bonding issues, and flammability are noted. The study emphasizes the promising potential of PP while addressing unresolved concerns, with the goal of guiding future research and promoting innovation in polymer applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Tanvir Hossain
- Department of Textile Engineering, Bangladesh University of Business and Technology (BUBT), Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh
- Department of Textile Engineering, Dhaka University of Engineering and Technology, Gazipur, 1707, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abdus Shahid
- Department of Textile Engineering, Dhaka University of Engineering and Technology, Gazipur, 1707, Bangladesh.
| | - Nadim Mahmud
- Department of Textile Engineering, Dhaka University of Engineering and Technology, Gazipur, 1707, Bangladesh
| | - Ahasan Habib
- Department of Textile Engineering, Dhaka University of Engineering and Technology, Gazipur, 1707, Bangladesh
| | - Md Masud Rana
- Department of Textile Engineering, Dhaka University of Engineering and Technology, Gazipur, 1707, Bangladesh
| | - Shadman Ahmed Khan
- Department of Textile Engineering, Bangladesh University of Business and Technology (BUBT), Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Md Delwar Hossain
- Department of Textile Engineering, Dhaka University of Engineering and Technology, Gazipur, 1707, Bangladesh
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2
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Khan HM, Liao X, Sheikh BA, Wang Y, Su Z, Guo C, Li Z, Zhou C, Cen Y, Kong Q. Smart biomaterials and their potential applications in tissue engineering. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:6859-6895. [PMID: 36069198 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01106a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Smart biomaterials have been rapidly advancing ever since the concept of tissue engineering was proposed. Interacting with human cells, smart biomaterials can play a key role in novel tissue morphogenesis. Various aspects of biomaterials utilized in or being sought for the goal of encouraging bone regeneration, skin graft engineering, and nerve conduits are discussed in this review. Beginning with bone, this study summarizes all the available bioceramics and materials along with their properties used singly or in conjunction with each other to create scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. A quick overview of the skin-based nanocomposite biomaterials possessing antibacterial properties for wound healing is outlined along with skin regeneration therapies using infrared radiation, electrospinning, and piezoelectricity, which aid in wound healing. Furthermore, a brief overview of bioengineered artificial skin grafts made of various natural and synthetic polymers has been presented. Finally, by examining the interactions between natural and synthetic-based biomaterials and the biological environment, their strengths and drawbacks for constructing peripheral nerve conduits are highlighted. The description of the preclinical outcome of nerve regeneration in injury healed with various natural-based conduits receives special attention. The organic and synthetic worlds collide at the interface of nanomaterials and biological systems, producing a new scientific field including nanomaterial design for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haider Mohammed Khan
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xiaoxia Liao
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Bilal Ahmed Sheikh
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yixi Wang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Zhixuan Su
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.,National Engineering Research Centre for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Chuan Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Zhengyong Li
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Changchun Zhou
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.,National Engineering Research Centre for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Ying Cen
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Qingquan Kong
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
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3
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Moon SH, Choi HN, Yang YJ. Natural/Synthetic Polymer Materials for Bioink Development. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-021-0418-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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4
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Setia Budi H, Javed Ansari M, Abdalkareem Jasim S, Kamal Abdelbasset W, Bokov D, Fakri Mustafa Y, Najm MA, Kazemnejadi M. Preparation of antibacterial Gel/PCL nanofibers reinforced by dicalcium phosphate-modified graphene oxide with control release of clindamycin for possible application in bone tissue engineering. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.109336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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5
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Tanodekaew S, Channasanon S, Kaewkong P. Physico-chemical properties and biocompatibility of in situ-hardening polylactide/nano hydroxyapatite composite for bone substitute. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2021.1990056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siriporn Tanodekaew
- Biofunctional Materials and Devices Research Group, National Metal and Materials Technology Center, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Somruethai Channasanon
- Biofunctional Materials and Devices Research Group, National Metal and Materials Technology Center, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Pakkanun Kaewkong
- Biofunctional Materials and Devices Research Group, National Metal and Materials Technology Center, Pathumthani, Thailand
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6
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Razazpour F, Najafi F, Moshaverinia A, Fatemi SM, Sima S. Synthesis and characterization of a photo-cross-linked bioactive polycaprolactone-based osteoconductive biocomposite. J Biomed Mater Res A 2021; 109:1858-1868. [PMID: 33830598 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a light cross-linkable biocomposite scaffold based on a photo-cross-linkable poly (propylene fumarate) (PPF)-co-polycaprolactone (PCL) tri-block copolymer was synthesized and characterized. The developed biodegradable scaffold was further modified with β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) bioceramic for bone tissue engineering applications. The developed biocomposite was characterized using H nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Moreover, the bioceramic particle size distribution and morphology were evaluated using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The mechanical properties and biodegradation of the scaffolds were also evaluated. Cytotoxicity and mineralization assays were performed to analyze the biocompatibility and bioactivity capacity of the developed biocomposite. The characterization data confirmed the development of a biodegradable and photo-cross-linkable PCL-based biocomposite reinforced with β-TCP bioceramic. In vitro analyses demonstrated the biocompatibility and mineralization potential of the synthesized bioceramic. Altogether, the results of the present study suggest that the photo-cross-linkable PCL-PPF-PCL tri-block copolymer reinforced with β-TCP is a promising biocomposite for bone tissue engineering applications. According to the results, this newly synthesized material has a proper chemical composition for further clinically-relevant studies in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Razazpour
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry/Research Center for Science and Technology in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhood Najafi
- Department of Resin and Additives, Institute for Color Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Moshaverinia
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Seyyed Mostafa Fatemi
- Department of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Medical Laser Research Center, ACER, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahabi Sima
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry/Research Center for Science and Technology in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Iranian Dental Biomaterials Association, Tehran, Iran
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Karfarma M, Esnaashary MH, Rezaie HR, Javadpour J, Naimi-Jamal MR. Enhancing degradability, bioactivity, and osteocompatibility of poly (propylene fumarate) bone filler by incorporation of Mg-Ca-P nanoparticles. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 114:111038. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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8
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Cemali G, Aruh A, Köse GT, Can E. Biodegradable polymeric networks of poly(propylene fumarate) and phosphonic acid‐based monomers. POLYM INT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Görkem Cemali
- Genetics and Bioengineering Department, Faculty of Engineering Yeditepe University Istanbul Turkey
| | - Avram Aruh
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering Yeditepe University Istanbul Turkey
| | - Gamze Torun Köse
- Genetics and Bioengineering Department, Faculty of Engineering Yeditepe University Istanbul Turkey
| | - Erde Can
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering Yeditepe University Istanbul Turkey
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Qu H, Fu H, Han Z, Sun Y. Biomaterials for bone tissue engineering scaffolds: a review. RSC Adv 2019; 9:26252-26262. [PMID: 35531040 PMCID: PMC9070423 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra05214c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering has been continuously developing since the concept of "tissue engineering" has been proposed. Biomaterials that are used as the basic material for the fabrication of scaffolds play a vital role in bone tissue engineering. This paper first introduces a strategy for literature search. Then, it describes the structure, mechanical properties and materials of natural bone and the strategies of bone tissue engineering. Particularly, it focuses on the current knowledge about biomaterials used in the fabrication of bone tissue engineering scaffolds, which includes the history, types, properties and applications of biomaterials. The effects of additives such as signaling molecules, stem cells, and functional materials on the performance of the scaffolds are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Qu
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China
| | - Hongya Fu
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China
| | - Zhenyu Han
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China
| | - Yang Sun
- School of Basic Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine Harbin 150030 China
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10
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Hassan MN, Yassin MA, Suliman S, Lie SA, Gjengedal H, Mustafa K. The bone regeneration capacity of 3D-printed templates in calvarial defect models: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Biomater 2019; 91:1-23. [PMID: 30980937 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
3D-printed templates are being used for bone tissue regeneration (BTR) as temporary guides. In the current review, we analyze the factors considered in producing potentially bioresorbable/degradable 3D-printed templates and their influence on BTR in calvarial bone defect (CBD) animal models. In addition, a meta-analysis was done to compare the achieved BTR for each type of template material (polymer, ceramic or composites). Database collection was completed by January 2018, and the inclusion criteria were all titles and keywords combining 3D printing and BTR in CBD models. Clinical trials and poorly-documented in vivo studies were excluded from this study. A total of 45 relevant studies were finally included and reviewed, and an additional check list was followed before inclusion in the meta-analysis, where material type, porosity %, and the regenerated bone area were collected and analyzed statistically. Overall, the capacity of the printed templates to support BTR was found to depend in large part on the amount of available space (porosity %) provided by the printed templates. Printed ceramic and composite templates showed the best BTR capacity, and the optimum printed template structure was found to have total porosity >50% with a pore diameter between 300 and 400 µm. Additional features and engineered macro-channels within the printed templates increased BTR capacity at long time points (12 weeks). Although the size of bone defects in rabbits was larger than in rats, BTR was greater in rabbits (almost double) at all time points and for all materials used. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In the present study, we reviewed the factors considered in producing degradable 3D-printed templates and their influence on bone tissue regeneration (BTR) in calvarial bone defects through the last 15 years. A meta-analysis was applied on the collected data to quantify and analyze BTR related to each type of template material. The concluded data states the importance of 3D-printed templates for BTR and indicates the ideal design required for an effective clinical translation. The evidence-based guidelines for the best BTR capacity endorse the use of printed composite and ceramic templates with total porosity >50%, pore diameter between 300 and 400 µm, and added engineered macro-channels within the printed templates.
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11
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Cai Z, Wan Y, Becker ML, Long YZ, Dean D. Poly(propylene fumarate)-based materials: Synthesis, functionalization, properties, device fabrication and biomedical applications. Biomaterials 2019; 208:45-71. [PMID: 30991217 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Poly(propylene fumarate) (PPF) is a biodegradable polymer that has been investigated extensively over the last three decades. It has led many scientists to synthesize and fabricate a variety of PPF-based materials for biomedical applications due to its controllable mechanical properties, tunable degradation and biocompatibility. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the progress made in improving PPF synthesis, resin formulation, crosslinking, device fabrication and post polymerization modification. Further, we highlight the influence of these parameters on biodegradation, biocompatibility, and their use in a number of regenerative medicine applications, especially bone tissue engineering. In particular, the use of 3D printing techniques for the fabrication of PPF-based scaffolds is extensively reviewed. The recent invention of a ring-opening polymerization method affords precise control of PPF molecular mass, molecular mass distribution (ƉM) and viscosity. Low ƉM facilitates time-certain resorption of 3D printed structures. Novel post-polymerization and post-printing functionalization methods have accelerated the expansion of biomedical applications that utilize PPF-based materials. Finally, we shed light on evolving uses of PPF-based materials for orthopedics/bone tissue engineering and other biomedical applications, including its use as a hydrogel for bioprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyu Cai
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117585, Singapore; Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Chevron Science Center, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States.
| | - Yong Wan
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Nanomaterials, College of Physics, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Matthew L Becker
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, United States
| | - Yun-Ze Long
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Nanomaterials, College of Physics, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong Province, China; Industrial Research Institute of Nonwovens & Technical Textiles, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong Province, China.
| | - David Dean
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States.
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12
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Wubneh A, Tsekoura EK, Ayranci C, Uludağ H. Current state of fabrication technologies and materials for bone tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 2018; 80:1-30. [PMID: 30248515 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A range of traditional and free-form fabrication technologies have been investigated and, in numerous occasions, commercialized for use in the field of regenerative tissue engineering (TE). The demand for technologies capable of treating bone defects inherently difficult to repair has been on the rise. This quest, accompanied by the advent of functionally tailored, biocompatible, and biodegradable materials, has garnered an enormous research interest in bone TE. As a result, different materials and fabrication methods have been investigated towards this end, leading to a deeper understanding of the geometrical, mechanical and biological requirements associated with bone scaffolds. As our understanding of the scaffold requirements expands, so do the capability requirements of the fabrication processes. The goal of this review is to provide a broad examination of existing scaffold fabrication processes and highlight future trends in their development. To appreciate the clinical requirements of bone scaffolds, a brief review of the biological process by which bone regenerates itself is presented first. This is followed by a summary and comparisons of commonly used implant techniques to highlight the advantages of TE-based approaches over traditional grafting methods. A detailed discussion on the clinical and mechanical requirements of bone scaffolds then follows. The remainder of the manuscript is dedicated to current scaffold fabrication methods, their unique capabilities and perceived shortcomings. The range of biomaterials employed in each fabrication method is summarized. Selected traditional and non-traditional fabrication methods are discussed with a highlight on their future potential from the authors' perspective. This study is motivated by the rapidly growing demand for effective scaffold fabrication processes capable of economically producing constructs with intricate and precisely controlled internal and external architectures. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The manuscript summarizes the current state of fabrication technologies and materials used for creating scaffolds in bone tissue engineering applications. A comprehensive analysis of different fabrication methods (traditional and free-form) were summarized in this review paper, with emphasis on recent developments in the field. The fabrication techniques suitable for creating scaffolds for tissue engineering was particularly targeted and their use in bone tissue engineering were articulated. Along with the fabrication techniques, we emphasized the choice of materials in these processes. Considering the limitations of each process, we highlighted the materials and the material properties critical in that particular process and provided a brief rational for the choice of the materials. The functional performance for bone tissue engineering are summarized for different fabrication processes and the choice of biomaterials. Finally, we provide a perspective on the future of the field, highlighting the knowledge gaps and promising avenues in pursuit of effective scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. This extensive review of the field will provide research community with a reference source for current approaches to scaffold preparation. We hope to encourage the researchers to generate next generation biomaterials to be used in these fabrication processes. By providing both advantages and disadvantage of each fabrication method in detail, new fabrication techniques might be devised that will overcome the limitations of the current approaches. These studies should facilitate the efforts of researchers interested in generating ideal scaffolds, and should have applications beyond the repair of bone tissue.
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Turnbull G, Clarke J, Picard F, Riches P, Jia L, Han F, Li B, Shu W. 3D bioactive composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Bioact Mater 2018; 3:278-314. [PMID: 29744467 PMCID: PMC5935790 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 562] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is the second most commonly transplanted tissue worldwide, with over four million operations using bone grafts or bone substitute materials annually to treat bone defects. However, significant limitations affect current treatment options and clinical demand for bone grafts continues to rise due to conditions such as trauma, cancer, infection and arthritis. Developing bioactive three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds to support bone regeneration has therefore become a key area of focus within bone tissue engineering (BTE). A variety of materials and manufacturing methods including 3D printing have been used to create novel alternatives to traditional bone grafts. However, individual groups of materials including polymers, ceramics and hydrogels have been unable to fully replicate the properties of bone when used alone. Favourable material properties can be combined and bioactivity improved when groups of materials are used together in composite 3D scaffolds. This review will therefore consider the ideal properties of bioactive composite 3D scaffolds and examine recent use of polymers, hydrogels, metals, ceramics and bio-glasses in BTE. Scaffold fabrication methodology, mechanical performance, biocompatibility, bioactivity, and potential clinical translations will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth Turnbull
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wolfson Building, University of Strathclyde, 106 Rottenrow, Glasgow, G4 0NW, United Kingdom
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Agamemnon St, Clydebank, G81 4DY, United Kingdom
| | - Jon Clarke
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Agamemnon St, Clydebank, G81 4DY, United Kingdom
| | - Frédéric Picard
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wolfson Building, University of Strathclyde, 106 Rottenrow, Glasgow, G4 0NW, United Kingdom
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Agamemnon St, Clydebank, G81 4DY, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Riches
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wolfson Building, University of Strathclyde, 106 Rottenrow, Glasgow, G4 0NW, United Kingdom
| | - Luanluan Jia
- Orthopaedic Institute, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Fengxuan Han
- Orthopaedic Institute, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Bin Li
- Orthopaedic Institute, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Wenmiao Shu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wolfson Building, University of Strathclyde, 106 Rottenrow, Glasgow, G4 0NW, United Kingdom
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Hasan A, Byambaa B, Morshed M, Cheikh MI, Shakoor RA, Mustafy T, Marei HE. Advances in osteobiologic materials for bone substitutes. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 12:1448-1468. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anwarul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering; Qatar University; Doha Qatar
| | - Batzaya Byambaa
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Cambridge MA USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge MA USA
| | - Mahboob Morshed
- School of Life Sciences; Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB); Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Ibrahim Cheikh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture; American University of Beirut; Beirut Lebanon
| | | | - Tanvir Mustafy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal; Quebec Canada
| | - Hany E. Marei
- Biomedical Research Center; Qatar University; Doha Qatar
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Wen Y, Xun S, Haoye M, Baichuan S, Peng C, Xuejian L, Kaihong Z, Xuan Y, Jiang P, Shibi L. 3D printed porous ceramic scaffolds for bone tissue engineering: a review. Biomater Sci 2018; 5:1690-1698. [PMID: 28686244 DOI: 10.1039/c7bm00315c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This study summarizes the recent research status and development of three-dimensional (3D)-printed porous ceramic scaffolds in bone tissue engineering. Recent literature on 3D-printed porous ceramic scaffolds was reviewed. Compared with traditional processing and manufacturing technologies, 3D-printed porous ceramic scaffolds have obvious advantages, such as enhancement of the controllability of the structure or improvement of the production efficiency. More sophisticated scaffolds were fabricated by 3D printing technology. 3D printed bioceramics have broad application prospects in bone tissue engineering. Through understanding the advantages and limitations of different 3D-printing approaches, new classes of bone graft substitutes can be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wen
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Chinese PLA, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Fuxing Road 28, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, P. R. China.
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Self-Setting Calcium Orthophosphate (CaPO4) Formulations. SPRINGER SERIES IN BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-5975-9_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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17
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Trachtenberg JE, Placone JK, Smith BT, Fisher JP, Mikos AG. Extrusion-based 3D printing of poly(propylene fumarate) scaffolds with hydroxyapatite gradients. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2017; 28:532-554. [PMID: 28125380 PMCID: PMC5597446 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2017.1286184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The primary focus of this work is to present the current challenges of printing scaffolds with concentration gradients of nanoparticles with an aim to improve the processing of these scaffolds. Furthermore, we address how print fidelity is related to material composition and emphasize the importance of considering this relationship when developing complex scaffolds for bone implants. The ability to create complex tissues is becoming increasingly relevant in the tissue engineering community. For bone tissue engineering applications, this work demonstrates the ability to use extrusion-based printing techniques to control the spatial deposition of hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles in a 3D composite scaffold. In doing so, we combined the benefits of synthetic, degradable polymers, such as poly(propylene fumarate) (PPF), with osteoconductive HA nanoparticles that provide robust compressive mechanical properties. Furthermore, the final 3D printed scaffolds consisted of well-defined layers with interconnected pores, two critical features for a successful bone implant. To demonstrate a controlled gradient of HA, thermogravimetric analysis was carried out to quantify HA on a per-layer basis. Moreover, we non-destructively evaluated the tendency of HA particles to aggregate within PPF using micro-computed tomography (μCT). This work provides insight for proper fabrication and characterization of composite scaffolds containing particle gradients and has broad applicability for future efforts in fabricating complex scaffolds for tissue engineering applications.
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Key Words
- (Tukey’s) Honestly Significant Difference test, HSD
- Analysis of variance, ANOVA
- Atomic force microscopy, AFM
- Diethyl fumarate, DEF
- Dimethyl sulfoxide, DMSO
- Extracellular matrix, ECM
- Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, FT-IR
- Hydroxyapatite, HA
- Micro-computed tomography, μCT.
- Phenylbis(246-trimethylbenzoyl)-phosphine oxide, BAPO
- Poly(propylene fumarate), PPF
- Poly(propylene fumarate)-co-poly(ε-caprolactone), PPF-co-PCL
- Polydispersity index, PDI
- Scanning electron microscopy, SEM
- Sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS
- Stereolithography, STL
- Thermogravimetric analysis, TGA
- Viscosity
- bone tissue engineering
- composites
- compressive modulus
- gradient
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jesse K. Placone
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | | | - John P. Fisher
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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18
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Trachtenberg JE, Santoro M, Williams C, Piard CM, Smith BT, Placone JK, Menegaz BA, Molina ER, Lamhamedi-Cherradi SE, Ludwig JA, Sikavitsas VI, Fisher JP, Mikos AG. Effects of Shear Stress Gradients on Ewing Sarcoma Cells Using 3D Printed Scaffolds and Flow Perfusion. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 4:347-356. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan E. Trachtenberg
- Department
of Bioengineering, Bioscience Research Collaborative − MS 142, Rice University, 6500 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Marco Santoro
- Fischell
Department of Bioengineering, Jeong Kim Engineering Building, University of Maryland, 8228 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Cortes Williams
- Stephenson
School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, 202 West Boyd Street, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Charlotte M. Piard
- Fischell
Department of Bioengineering, Jeong Kim Engineering Building, University of Maryland, 8228 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Brandon T. Smith
- Department
of Bioengineering, Bioscience Research Collaborative − MS 142, Rice University, 6500 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Jesse K. Placone
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman
Drive #0412, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Brian A. Menegaz
- Department
of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Eric R. Molina
- Department
of Bioengineering, Bioscience Research Collaborative − MS 142, Rice University, 6500 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Salah-Eddine Lamhamedi-Cherradi
- Department
of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Joseph A. Ludwig
- Department
of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Vassilios I. Sikavitsas
- Stephenson
School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, 202 West Boyd Street, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - John P. Fisher
- Fischell
Department of Bioengineering, Jeong Kim Engineering Building, University of Maryland, 8228 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Antonios G. Mikos
- Department
of Bioengineering, Bioscience Research Collaborative − MS 142, Rice University, 6500 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, 6100
Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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19
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Fabrication of Poly-l-lactic Acid/Dicalcium Phosphate Dihydrate Composite Scaffolds with High Mechanical Strength-Implications for Bone Tissue Engineering. J Funct Biomater 2015; 6:1036-53. [PMID: 26556380 PMCID: PMC4695909 DOI: 10.3390/jfb6041036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Scaffolds were fabricated from poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA)/dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) composite by indirect casting. Sodium citrate and PLLA were used to improve the mechanical properties of the DCPD scaffolds. The resulting PLLA/DCPD composite scaffold had increased diametral tensile strength and fracture energy when compared to DCPD only scaffolds (1.05 vs. 2.70 MPa and 2.53 vs. 12.67 N-mm, respectively). Sodium citrate alone accelerated the degradation rate by 1.5 times independent of PLLA. Cytocompatibility of all samples were evaluated using proliferation and differentiation parameters of dog-bone marrow stromal cells (dog-BMSCs). The results showed that viable dog-BMSCs attached well on both DCPD and PLLA/DCPD composite surfaces. In both DCPD and PLLA/DCPD conditioned medium, dog-BMSCs proliferated well and expressed alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity indicating cell differentiation. These findings indicate that incorporating both sodium citrate and PLLA could effectively improve mechanical strength and biocompatibility without increasing the degradation time of calcium phosphate cement scaffolds for bone tissue engineering purposes.
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20
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Mottaghitalab F, Hosseinkhani H, Shokrgozar MA, Mao C, Yang M, Farokhi M. Silk as a potential candidate for bone tissue engineering. J Control Release 2015; 215:112-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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21
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Yang L, Wang Q, Peng L, Yue H, Zhang Z. Vascularization of repaired limb bone defects using chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite as a tissue engineering bone scaffold. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:2343-7. [PMID: 25902181 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ensuring histocompatibility in the tissue engineering of bones is a complex issue. The aim of this study was to observe the feasibility of chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite in repairing limb bone defects, and to evaluate the therapeutic effects on osteogenesis. Beagle mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were divided into an experimental group that was cultured with an injectable form of chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite and a control group. The effect of the composite on bone tissue growth was evaluated by MTT assay. In addition, 12-month-old beagles were subjected to 15-mm femur defects and subsequently implanted with scaffolds to observe the effects on osteogenesis and vascularization. The dogs were subdivided into two groups of five animals: Group A, which was implanted with scaffold-MSC compounds, and Group B, which was implanted with scaffolds alone. The dogs were observed on the 2nd, 4th, 8th and 12th weeks post-implantation. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that the composite was compatible with MSCs, with similar outcomes in the control and experimental groups. MTT analysis additionally showed that the MSCs in the experimental group grew in a similar manner to those in the control group. The composite did not significantly affect the MSC growth or proliferation. In combination with MSCs, the scaffold materials were effective in the promotion of osteogenesis and vascularization. In conclusion, the chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite was compatible with the MSCs and did not affect cellular growth or proliferation, therefore proving to be an effective injectable composite for tissue engineered bone. Simultaneous implantation of stem cells with a carrier composite proved to function effectively in the repair of bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Yang
- Saint Petersburg State I.P. Pavlov Medical University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Qinghua Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Hukou County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hukou, Jiangxi 332500, P.R. China
| | - Lihua Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, The People's Hospital of Bishan County, Bishan, Chongqing 402760, P.R. China
| | - Hong Yue
- Department of Orthopedics, Zibo Zhangdian Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zibo, Shandong 255035, P.R. China
| | - Zhendong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The 301 Military Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
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22
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Uskoković V. Nanostructured platforms for the sustained and local delivery of antibiotics in the treatment of osteomyelitis. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst 2015; 32:1-59. [PMID: 25746204 PMCID: PMC4406243 DOI: 10.1615/critrevtherdrugcarriersyst.2014010920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This article provides a critical view of the current state of the development of nanoparticulate and other solid-state carriers for the local delivery of antibiotics in the treatment of osteomyelitis. Mentioned are the downsides of traditional means for treating bone infection, which involve systemic administration of antibiotics and surgical debridement, along with the rather imperfect local delivery options currently available in the clinic. Envisaged are more sophisticated carriers for the local and sustained delivery of antimicrobials, including bioresorbable polymeric, collagenous, liquid crystalline, and bioglass- and nanotube-based carriers, as well as those composed of calcium phosphate, the mineral component of bone and teeth. A special emphasis is placed on composite multifunctional antibiotic carriers of a nanoparticulate nature and on their ability to induce osteogenesis of hard tissues demineralized due to disease. An ideal carrier of this type would prevent the long-term, repetitive, and systemic administration of antibiotics and either minimize or completely eliminate the need for surgical debridement of necrotic tissue. Potential problems faced by even hypothetically "perfect" antibiotic delivery vehicles are mentioned too, including (i) intracellular bacterial colonies involved in recurrent, chronic osteomyelitis; (ii) the need for mechanical and release properties to be adjusted to the area of surgical placement; (iii) different environments in which in vitro and in vivo testings are carried out; (iv) unpredictable synergies between drug delivery system components; and (v) experimental sensitivity issues entailing the increasing subtlety of the design of nanoplatforms for the controlled delivery of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vuk Uskoković
- Advanced Materials and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Richard and Loan Hill Department of Bioengineering, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 851 South Morgan St, #205 Chicago, Illinois, 60607-7052
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23
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Salarian M, Xu WZ, Biesinger MC, Charpentier PA. Synthesis and characterization of novel TiO2-poly(propylene fumarate) nanocomposites for bone cementation. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:5145-5156. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb00715h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A novel composite material made from poly(propylene fumarate) (PPF) and titania nanofibers has been synthesized for potential use as an orthopaedic biomaterial with TiO2 nanofibers chemically linked to the PPF matrix as a reinforcing phase to enhance its mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnaz Salarian
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program
- University of Western Ontario
- London, Canada
| | - William Z. Xu
- Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Department
- University of Western Ontario
- London, Canada
| | | | - Paul A. Charpentier
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program
- University of Western Ontario
- London, Canada
- Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Department
- University of Western Ontario
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24
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Dorozhkin SV. Self-setting calcium orthophosphate formulations. J Funct Biomater 2013; 4:209-311. [PMID: 24956191 PMCID: PMC4030932 DOI: 10.3390/jfb4040209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In early 1980s, researchers discovered self-setting calcium orthophosphate cements, which are bioactive and biodegradable grafting bioceramics in the form of a powder and a liquid. After mixing, both phases form pastes, which set and harden forming either a non-stoichiometric calcium deficient hydroxyapatite or brushite. Since both of them are remarkably biocompartible, bioresorbable and osteoconductive, self-setting calcium orthophosphate formulations appear to be promising bioceramics for bone grafting. Furthermore, such formulations possess excellent molding capabilities, easy manipulation and nearly perfect adaptation to the complex shapes of bone defects, followed by gradual bioresorption and new bone formation. In addition, reinforced formulations have been introduced, which might be described as calcium orthophosphate concretes. The discovery of self-setting properties opened up a new era in the medical application of calcium orthophosphates and many commercial trademarks have been introduced as a result. Currently such formulations are widely used as synthetic bone grafts, with several advantages, such as pourability and injectability. Moreover, their low-temperature setting reactions and intrinsic porosity allow loading by drugs, biomolecules and even cells for tissue engineering purposes. In this review, an insight into the self-setting calcium orthophosphate formulations, as excellent bioceramics suitable for both dental and bone grafting applications, has been provided.
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25
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Song MJ, Dean D, Knothe Tate ML. Mechanical modulation of nascent stem cell lineage commitment in tissue engineering scaffolds. Biomaterials 2013; 34:5766-75. [PMID: 23660249 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Taking inspiration from tissue morphogenesis in utero, this study tests the concept of using tissue engineering scaffolds as delivery devices to modulate emergent structure-function relationships at early stages of tissue genesis. We report on the use of a combined computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling, advanced manufacturing methods, and experimental fluid mechanics (micro-piv and strain mapping) for the prospective design of tissue engineering scaffold geometries that deliver spatially resolved mechanical cues to stem cells seeded within. When subjected to a constant magnitude global flow regime, the local scaffold geometry dictates the magnitudes of mechanical stresses and strains experienced by a given cell, and in a spatially resolved fashion, similar to patterning during morphogenesis. In addition, early markers of mesenchymal stem cell lineage commitment relate significantly to the local mechanical environment of the cell. Finally, by plotting the range of stress-strain states for all data corresponding to nascent cell lineage commitment (95% CI), we begin to "map the mechanome", defining stress-strain states most conducive to targeted cell fates. In sum, we provide a library of reference mechanical cues that can be delivered to cells seeded on tissue engineering scaffolds to guide target tissue phenotypes in a temporally and spatially resolved manner. Knowledge of these effects allows for prospective scaffold design optimization using virtual models prior to prototyping and clinical implementation. Finally, this approach enables the development of next generation scaffolds cum delivery devices for genesis of complex tissues with heterogenous properties, e.g., organs, joints or interface tissues such as growth plates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jae Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2071 Martin Luther King Jr. Drive, Cleveland, OH 44106-7207, USA
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26
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Alge DL, Goebel WS, Chu TMG. Effects of DCPD cement chemistry on degradation properties and cytocompatibility: comparison of MCPM/β-TCP and MCPM/HA formulations. Biomed Mater 2013; 8:025010. [PMID: 23428798 DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/8/2/025010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) cements are attractive biomaterials for bone repair, and a number of different DCPD cement formulations have been proposed in the literature. In this study, we have specifically compared monocalcium phosphate monohydrate (MCPM)/hydroxyapatite (HA) and MCPM/β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) formulations to test the hypothesis that DCPD cement chemistry affects the degradation properties and cytocompatibility of the cement. Using simple in vitro models we found that MCPM/β-TCP formulations degraded primarily by DCPD dissolution, which was associated with a slight pH drop and relatively low mass loss. Cytocompatibility testing of cement conditioned culture media revealed no significant change in cell viability relative to the negative control for all of the MCPM/β-TCP formulations. In contrast, the MCPM/HA formulations were prone to undergo rapid conversion of DCPD to HA, resulting in a sharp pH drop and extensive mass loss. A stoichiometric excess of HA in the cement was found to accelerate the conversion process, and significant cytotoxicity was observed for the MCPM/HA formulations containing excess HA. Collectively, these results show that, although the product of the setting reaction is the same, DCPD cements produced with MCPM/HA and MCPM/β-TCP formulations differ significantly in their degradation properties and cytocompatibility. These differences may have important implications for the selection of a DCPD cement formulation for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Alge
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47908, USA
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27
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Sugawara A, Asaoka K, Ding SJ. Calcium phosphate-based cements: clinical needs and recent progress. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:1081-1089. [DOI: 10.1039/c2tb00061j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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